solving the graphene scale-up problem
TRANSCRIPT
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Solving the Graphene
Scale-Up ProblemDr Stephen Hodge
Principal Engineer
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Tomorrow’s 2D materials,
available today
Nanene™
Graphene HP
Graphene Oxide & Reduced GO
Graphene ink
h-Boron Nitride-
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Group Structure
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What is Graphene?
GRAPHENE
A.K.Geim, K.S.Novoselov
Nobel prize in Physics 2010
BUCKMINSTERFULLERENENobel prize in Chemistry 1996
CARBON NANOTUBESIIJIMA, 1991
GRAPHITE
sp2 hybridization
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Boron Nitride
A.K.Geim, K.S.Novoselov
Nobel prize in Physics 2010
Credit: 3M Technical Ceramics
Excellent chemical
stability
High mechanical
strength
Excellent thermal
stability and thermal
conductivity
Wide band gap material
– effective insulator or
dielectric material
UV light absorption
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• Nanene™
• Graphene HP
• Graphene Oxide & Reduced GO (RGO)
• Graphene ink
• h-Boron Nitride-(Hexotene™) -
…available today
Tomorrow’s 2D materials…
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What are the major barriers to market development?
• Cost of production / material
• Production Scale
• Production Quality
• Lack of Applications / End-user demand
• Production Processes
• Competing Existing Materials
• Lack of Standards / Characterization
• Health, Safety, Environmental Regulations
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Graphene demand
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Potential Industrial Applications
Mechanical enhancement
– thermosets & thermoplastic composites
Filtration
– water purification
Barrier
– moisture, gas etc.
Electrical energy storage
– batteries, supercapacitors
Thermal conductivity enhancement
– heat dissipation
Electrical conductivity
– printed electronics
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Aerospace - CFRP
● Aerospace Market ~44,000 tonnes of CFRP in 2020*
● Graphene can reduce weight of CFRP and improve other
properties eg. thermal and electrical conductivity
● Reduced weight = big fuel savings
● If 10% of Aerospace CFRP requires graphene at 1%
graphene / kg CFRP, requirement is 44 tonnes of
graphene / year
*Reinforced Plastics Nov/Dec 2014
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Automotive Tyres
● 6.4M tonnes of synthetic rubber is put into tyres every year*
● Graphene is reported to reduce tyre wear rate
● Fewer Primary Micro Plastics are created = significant
environmental benefit
● If 10% of tyres use graphene at a 1% loading, requirement
is 6,400 tonnes of graphene / year
*IUCN – Primary Micro Plastics in the Oceans
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The prediction for 2020 is that 36M tonnes of plastics will
be used in automobiles every year*
There will be a very substantial global graphene
requirement for the automobile industry once
improvements are demonstrated
* Plastics Today
Automotive Plastics Demand
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Scaling Up Production
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Powders
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Lab scale production
● When Versarien bought 2D-Tech, production of 4g of
Graphene took 90 hours
● That is ~1g per day
Part Processed material 1g
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Small Scale Production
● Versarien have scaled up the process to produce much
larger quantities whilst maintaining the same quality
● For the last year, Versarien has had the capability to
produce 100g / day
Part Processed material 100g
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Initial Commercial Production
● Versarien now has proven the technology to produce 1kg
of Nanene grade material per day
● The proven process is in the final stages of set-up for
production
● In 2 years, production has increased 1000 fold
Part Processed
material 1kg
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Full Commercial Production
● Tonnes of graphene are required every day
● Requires a further 1000 fold increase in volume
● Plans are in place to:
> install larger machines capable of producing tens of kg/day
> use multiple machines to meet higher demand
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Inks
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Graphene Ink Scale Up
● Versarien also produce Graphene Ink which can be used
in printed electronics
● Trials were recently conducted to demonstrate that
production can go from 1 litre per day to 40 litres per day
● This will meet commercial demand for graphene ink
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Graphene Ink Scale Up
Graphite + Solvent
(or water/surfactant)Energy olvent
+ Energy
Graphene Dispersion
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Microfluidic Processing
ACS Nano, 2017, 11 (3), pp 2742–2755
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Graphene Ink by Microfluidic Processing
Scalable 100% Yield Production of
Conductive Graphene Inks
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Scalability
LAB SCALE:
Flow Rate: 100mL/min
Graphene flakes: 6.5 g/h
PRODUCTION SCALE:
Flow rates up to 12 L/min
Graphene Flakes 720 g/h
= 6.5 tonnes/yr or 65k ink p.a.
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Conductive inks for printed electronics
Conductivity
(S/m)
Sheet Resistance
(Ω/ @ 25μm)
Applications
Electrodes in OPVs, OLEDs <10 Ω/
RF-ID antennas <5 Ω/
Problems with metal inks
Electromigration
Cost
Oxidation
Toxicity
Sheet Resistance
σ is the conductivity
h is the film thickness𝑅𝑠=
1
𝜎ℎ
Graphene 2x104 2
Silver, Copper 106-107 0.01
Graphite 4x102 - 4x103 100-10
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Graphene Ink – Potential Applications
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Case study
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Graphene-
Carbon Fibre
Reinforced
Plastic body
3D-printed
Graphene ABS
Aerodynamic
components
Performance testing ongoing
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Contact us…
Dr Stephen Hodge
T: +44 (0)1223762388
nanene.com
2-dtech.com
cambridgegraphene.com