Some aspects of windpower supply into electrical grid

Prof. Dr. Rainer Haller

ZCU Pilsen/ HS Regensburg

Reliability of electrical energy supply in Germany

28

9

62

8

16

57

3

8

38

30

28

8

74

3

16

44

4

3

34

80

21

2

51

2

5

39

0

3

34

01

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

Störung mit VU Störung mit VU Störung mit VU

199419951996

110 kV

220 kV

380 kV

Anzahl der Störungen

VU = break of supply

Wind energy supply into electrical grid

1 x 200 kW

50 x 2.000 kW

realization of state rules (EEG)

Offshore-Projects in the North Sea (final status)

Amrumbank West 1760 MW

Nordsee-Ost 400 MW

Borkum West 1040 MWBorkum Riffgrund West 2290 MW Borkum Riffgrund 625 MWHochsee WP Nordsee 2900 MW

Dan Tysk 1500 MW

Bürgerwindpark Butendiek 240 MW

Nordergründe 240 MW

Meerwind 1020 MW

North Sea Windpower 1430 MW

Sandbank 2600 MW

OWP Nordsee ? MW

Nördlicher Grund 2100 MW

Schl.-Holst. Nordsee 500 MW

Kraftwerke 6.500 MW

Kraftwerke 6.500 MW

DK

Nordsee

8285 8285 MWMW

3680 3680 MWMW

4340 4340 MWMW

NL

UW Dollern

UW Brunsbüttel

UW Flensburg

UW Audorf

1200 MW

UWEmden

UW Conneforde

UWWilhemshaven

UW Diele3200 MW

380-kV-UW 220-kV-UW Kraftwerk

Offshore-WP 16.000 MW

Offshore-WP 16.000 MW

Increasing of Windpower supply z.B. E.ON Netz

2001 2006 2011

2016

3.800

6.400

12.800

15.700

Summe

3.800

5.6006.800

8.200

Onshore

800

6.000

7.500

Offshore

(Angaben in MW)

Increasing of grid facilities z.B. E.ON Netz

(Angaben in MW)

2001 2006 2011

2016

3.800

6.400

12.800

15.700

Summe

Onshore

Offshore

350 km(110 Mio. €)

700 km(400 Mio. €)

1.000 km

kumuliertezusätzlichwind-bedingteTrassen-kilometer110/380 kV

(550 Mio. €)

Power flow and Windpower supply

without Wind

Verteilnetz

G

110 kV

380/220 kV

20 kV

Netz

Netz

Last

Netz

additional windpower

Sammelnetz

G

110 kV

380/220 kV

20 kV

Netz

Netz

Last

Netz

Erheblicher Ausbaubedarf des Höchst- und Hochspannungsnetzesfür den Anschluss von großen Windenergieanlagen

Erheblicher Ausbaubedarf des Höchst- und Hochspannungsnetzesfür den Anschluss von großen Windenergieanlagen

Consequences of WP supply for grid facilities and structure

Bisherige Dimensionierung entsprechend der maximalen Verbraucherleistung

Bisherige Dimensionierung entsprechend der maximalen Verbraucherleistung

Zukünftige Dimensionierung entsprechend dem Abtransport der eingespeisten Windleistung

Zukünftige Dimensionierung entsprechend dem Abtransport der eingespeisten Windleistung

Problems of „power steps“

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0

UhrzeitL

eis

tun

g M

W

07.11.1994

08.11.1994

09.11.1994

10.11.1994

ohne Windenergieim November 1994

mit Windenergieim Januar 2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0

Uhrzeit

Le

istu

ng

MW

17.01.2000

18.01.2000

19.01.2000

20.01.2000

21.01.2000

Dispatcher

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

08

:00

09

:00

10

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11

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Zeit

Le

istu

ng

MW

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1 97 193 289 385 481 577

Leis

tung

MW

Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So

power steps during one day

stochastical change during one week

400 MW in 15 min

Increasing demand of regulating energy

Varianz1700 MW

dispatcher

increased overload of transmission capacity

problems at voltage tolerances (missing reactive power)

problems at short circuit failures for grid stability

increased overload of transmission capacity

problems at voltage tolerances (missing reactive power)

problems at short circuit failures for grid stability

Increasing problems at grid operations

problems for grid operation

demands to the Wind GeneratorsRegulation of active power (rated value and gradient)

additional reactive power by WG in a large range of cos

reducing of active power by WG over 51,5 Hz

no switching of WG at grid short circuits

Regulation of active power (rated value and gradient)

additional reactive power by WG in a large range of cos

reducing of active power by WG over 51,5 Hz

no switching of WG at grid short circuits

dispatcher

Technical realization of WG

ASGGe-

triebe

Asynchrongenerator (AG)

Leistungs-regelung

Blind-leistung

NichtTrennen

KS-Beitrag

Mit Pitchmöglich

stufbareKonden-satorbank

sehrschwierig

4-7 x INenn

Mit Pitchmöglich

Variablercos

ja 1,1 x INenn

Ja Variablercos

ja 1,1 x INenn

~

ASGGe-

triebe

~Umrichter

Doppelt gespeister ASG (DG)

SG ~– –~DC

Umrichter

Synchrongenerator (SG)

Voltage profil after a three phase short circuit

Short circuit simulation in real grid (E.ON)

Wind power will be

switched off at short

circuit

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Jahr

Le

istu

ng

in M

WWind (outage) power versus UCTE- primary regulating power

installed power

outage power Converter DG/SG

outage power Mix AG/DG/SG

max permissible outage power accord. UCTE

Problems of three phase short circuit in transmission grid

Voltage significant under 90 %

large area outage of wind power

primary regulating power no sufficient (UCTE max. 3000 MW) decreasing of frequency under 50 Hz

switching off for large power consumers (DVG 5-Stufenplan possible outage into UCTE grid

at short circuit the switching off for WG under 0,8 U/UN *) cannot be allowed

at short circuit the switching off for WG under 0,8 U/UN *) cannot be allowed

*) VDEW Richtlinie "Eigenerzeugungsanlagen am Mittelspannungsnetz"

grid code for WG e.g. for E.ON Netz [ Quelle: www.eon-netz.com]

grid code for WG e.g. for E.ON Netz [ Quelle: www.eon-netz.com]

increasing regulation power and higher demands for regulation

possibilities of power units (esp. basic load power plants)

Increasing taking into account of wind power for dispatching of

planning power plants (nighty at large wind only KKW and WG on grid)

changing of power flow in the UHV- and HV- grid (problems of power trading)

increasing regulation power and higher demands for regulation

possibilities of power units (esp. basic load power plants)

Increasing taking into account of wind power for dispatching of

planning power plants (nighty at large wind only KKW and WG on grid)

changing of power flow in the UHV- and HV- grid (problems of power trading)

problems for power plants and grids

increasing problems of transmission capacities of important power

connection lines (bottleneck problems)

increasing problems in additional generating of reactive power

increasing problems for grid stability at short circuit failures

increasing problems of transmission capacities of important power

connection lines (bottleneck problems)

increasing problems in additional generating of reactive power

increasing problems for grid stability at short circuit failures

grids

power plants

Conclusions and outlook

large wind

power plants

political rules and energy laws

increasing of regulating power (conv. pp)

repowering and optimization of grids and pp

modification of WG (no separation at short circuit)

increasing of planned wind power plants and their connection into the transmission grid requests significant technical and

economical efforts

increasing of planned wind power plants and their connection into the transmission grid requests significant technical and

economical efforts

grid operation

Realization of the project „BorWin1“

(connection of windpower plant „BARD“)

Outlook

technical data: length ca. 200 km

transmission line (2 x 200 MW, HVDC)

2 converter units (HVDC- HVAC,

HVDC – HVAC)

www.eon-netz.com

problems of on- shore grid

principle for on- shore grid:

grid optimization (repowering, monitoring, ..)

additional lines

influence of climate conditions for current load capacity

principle of overhead- line- monitoring

introduction of monitoring system requests the repowering of all components of grid

on- site testing of monitoring [E.ON- Netz]

Increased transmission capacity by using of monitoring

www.eon-netz.comone week

advantages by using of monitoring system