PJ\!. Oak Some Blunders of Indian Historical Research SOME BLUNDERS OF INDIANHJSTORICAL RESEARCH by p. N. OAK. M. A., LL., B. tor Re10rltlaa World Hlltory Ph! 3'3!'1!>:'4 ,. 1 111 HINDII' N 2. 8.0(;.I."', Road, (N!. Pt2nls,;l0\llij, Katcl SQn. N.D 5 BHARATISAHITYASADAN J0(90,Connoupt Cirws, New Delhi-110001 CONTENTS ..... Preface5 Wbat Prompted MyH11tonc Quest9 lllunderNo. 1Indian mooumeots Credited to AlienMuslimll 2:IgnobleAkbar BelievedNoble81 3: Fahh inMediaeval Chronicleval Muslim Coum14 I 1:Mychabout the Moahul Garden Art143 8:Mythic&lGolden Penods Under Alica Rule146 Key Principles for a Correct Appraisal of lo4iao Mediaeval History147 9:Akunder's Oefnt Claimed to be Great V&ctory over PorusI S6 l 0:Adya Sbankaracharya' o Antiquity UnderBsumated by1297 Yeara169 IIl ord Buddba '1 Antiqu&tyUoderesti- ted by Over.1300 Yearo184 Mllslo,.IIUratl Sallll,a Sadan. 30/90, Coooou&)llIUI, X II, Novia Sbabclan, OelhIIOOll. OnJ inof Allah" ul!odo Gocl aocl !Cabo u Hlld For,oueo l oci K.&llaU1'1Rctlrrom Bahto tbe Baldc aoc1Keau co IC&ba Forsoneo If> Role o1 S..O.krit uA.,.;.Dt World u aa...,e Forson.., HJoclo Onaio or Proph' aDdbe> I of other cirhteem in&withmediaevalmoou "7't"'...,.buillbya"' doUIOrtrueotofforei&oenlike lurblraoiaDJ,Mongolt,Abyuloians,KuakJ and

"' ft lO raise a hue andCr')t.Weare,tbcrcfo(e,caughtina lctou.a drcle.Wetca.chfJIIIchl11ory10ttudenubecauseIIia.., writtc.D, andDO8C-DeratiODOfbittOC)'$Cholandataqu.es:UOO that hiltory despite iu contradiclioosa.odabsurdities.becaUJC 'Clal iswhtt they havebeenu&ht. Coatiauioa IDYrcJUrchtbrouabactaalolsiutobbtono sites, aodbrowsinalhrouah bittorics I have bceo 1ble topthrr eonsicknobte evldeae< toprovethatallpromioe TO AUEH lfUILU.U1) bualdiopInIndia-betheymouscleuUII,tombt,sbrmcs. motques. font orTohiltorianswho 1lillfailto seethe COSltdoJ1OfIIISI&bihtw"'YOitandi-DI ufut_1

or his rei II>bu bcoowrincn by Sba,.. Jcoplwu, wlf-appolotcdcbrooiclu ,.bo coora 1hat h waJ hita:raodratbnwho wu1becoaumpora,of Fcrouhah.At all arcwontto do.the ooly authotltlu he fcians 10quotofortbcfancifuleodcolourc.d account that hehatvrriumart.sncbt toe:kphraKJat..My fathertold me" Of"on the autborhyor w.:llmownb!llotlano Itay"IatlutllUboaumorlMosqucs Some mo>qurs srlll "'rolor.hcr Hindu nuoatoODI ondunmalIndianmonU mealSwhicbcontaonmanyrcoiUrctlncaplieabletohlamle wage are onf&ctpreMuslim monuments.Thenme Madam lllekatolbascbuildiopbccouscthey....,.Vedic tcbools. Bibliogrophy : I. History or l ndoaat Wriucoby IIJ9wu HiJtortaus..bl Str H.M.l!lllot aodProf.Dowsoo, Vol" Ito 1. J ' 50I'ookrhat"AkbarWDuldbiiVc lauahed at rberemorse felboAbok for tbc IIIJ .cucauoedb)' rbe cooqucsr of Kallop,6nt:wouldhaveullcrlycoodciDJicd hrs areat j>redtcusor's decuioo to abstain from alf1UU1Jan 'lrernliLYee coea '!"ctd fuLJo, o1 op!WIIAefollowedtbepraeroceofbasfamilyfor.,.., inconsumlnJ both monadnokandvari'Orioce tSallm) con!Jnuoclt oholdcourtatAJIAbobadaad 10 01ainulin royal&laickinaof !heprovioc:etwbJchbe bad uaurpcd,He empballted his el11mto royaltyby smk.laabolb 96INDIAN l!J$Tl)ll .... ,old ud copper money, spccimOnclyuscrtcdandassumedth R ..mamageswuh8JPUIpnnccsscswerebroughcbou "tlb the 'el) noble lm Of bringing AbOUtCOmmunalUnttyhtunony.This clotmbedebunkedbyasking lhcsimple queshonwhclherAlbarcVIAN111"0-fC .-'!. ., ., .,,., bllockmallin&liii>ODnamely thereduction or tb of Meou.1 "'' AR mauoal ,.;cb. otherrullna boo, wcno tbt rnull ors1milareotrc1on.H1s1ory ir l'CDla)lll haveotUtaU I 1bell or bit ra!>lously.Thus betweontbcmselve.sthcae chro

aodme moors provideuau;ringevidenceof tbo '"ent ooddeplbor corrop11ontbatprevaoltdunderAllrul ab fromKolllboddio to B1badursbab ZaroT.tn JlbJDflfJc.J&im,tobncbuiltseraij.sunk"'tileIDif Iill the Plf- to Jllwlgim.ma the editor"S'H ,1 tqects ,e:rs:iooubaviog bee:nwrittc,:by

ntbtrlhloanemperortbepreteodedlCCUrat)aDd IIIUUIItDUS Wllb whichthe V>JUe or&Old, SiJvtandrcriout ,.,.Ia" II> to, and tbt oboondioauaaaerauondfspiAJtd a caomcrotJn&sums..mustbe nonked withthe 6elio"' 0( Euooutd Pl&lamaomr." :.HiJ'!'ryVol. vii,paae206rllt pro. tl'/ unlotable 1ndsoerooanftoJbtafc conduct lhrou&b ho\ own turnory if Alexander proceeded soUih Till'W&lcry rarslabtcJmoveonPorul'\paribeCIIUIO had bo leiAlu:andorsabacktOAmbhl'trcgionaodioto Afah&Di\laoAlruntlcrmayhavelroJicherouiYregroup! f>ICCIfaranot hdhndtfeace wr:nl1ntooctlonPorubadprovided apcotcchvecoftrthrou&bbisowoterrllory.Buthe \ocw lhatAleuadcrouldneverbeabletoSOuQSCitbed tbrou&h Olbtrpull orlad.. wbidl ......tborouahly aotle auarded by ovr bra> Io;bo stroppedAlexandCIof allhiJpride andproud stol\ of IOCICdaa poatliT< cwrTbel4uabroteabI.Pn aad Jupiter InKendra:..,OIIf( ,.. .. ,... " ...\""' "0 17) 'SAtn'IQUITY contraryto orieotal .ors"of thatverse" VIJAYA, A Sr Shmnkara's bonb icc:tbc author:. notrncouootheo erasnor docs he ro;:=.cr h< ..... of tbc prevalent l nd=:.e .. Thesearc :....rdlDI tbe lunar doteof bisevidence. teDdontbe m nc;i dwblchYltlllC'utoe Jndanasuono--ou dilidonrt: or they e figure7702.Wlumrever "toRbmnl!1WnSS1B.C.rhlra... or theJoin!.,,,., ahaol Iarhcbirrhdare or l(umotll h" IIRrfiAT SHANI(AR

..)tlb..lKumul AVfJAYAlhc.authorCh11 or ''' ft'linu .ca Ci\'ts rhuaSbJtnlrarby.,. B.C. at Sh1nhr9 )eoir """""' b -io-.I.e..lvlrtc mer!.; 1llahuI Sib )CU tbll Is 2Sl ..,lilt. Ia.. 11andSuoallbao1 in culrarioo,Men:urybclnspofrledwrthrbcSW>,lloryrnb !Sbanlcara't morber)cave birthto the atoriow Sb>nmulcha." Yudbtstbrra ern26J I corrt1poods 102593Kaliwbich it tht ume 1JB.C.ThehorOI(:OpeIJ tdinl! to our calculation Bimb1!ara was the 32od rulor (rom tire Malabharta war unull807 B.C. (31.38111iousCl".b rukrtcignedon anaVtragofor41yearswbicbismore ptauublc. 1'-Hico, aCbioucBuddhistwhotouredIndia at tbcclose ortbeO:ncuryA.D.basrecordedthatthoimaaeof Bodhiwvwasputupduring.thereicnoJK1ng P'cna of be Chowdynatty.That eventtook placemorechan thrte hundredofterLord Buddha'sdemise.It I$known tbst Kin&plo&rdantdfrom75010 719B.C.(ARECORD Of BUODIDSTICKINGDOMS BYFAHIEN), translated by Lcue. (Foocoolet 3, 4,edition 1886). Tbu meons tht IIQCOrdonatoFaHlen alnquiriCITheBuddbnwasborn not later tban tb.cI lib Century B.C.Hl1lestimooy,tberefort, allo dithe currentbelief that TheBuddhaltved Iatbc 61b Ccutury B C Adi Sbankancbarya, the JtloAIIndianphilosopherwhois ronaty pla.ccd by modernbi11ories10tbe SibO:nluryA.D. wu born oo a Sunday on theSth dayof tbe l>riahl halfof the -u. or va..akbaWhileS>gitlltiUIwas" *ndaot,iutbc C)'CIIC )ell bo..... Nandaoa intheyear 2S93or the Kah)'U81 Tllat OOrt..pOOdl10(Jt02 MlnUl ll.C.This lhOWI bow ShanltaraCbarya abouldInf&clbeplae1cmponl)'ofKaoiJbka{129412}4B.C.),Lord lllllioed Niru1111 AccorttrodhJAatua.lSyria- :., _.. 1otenptoonrul4a. a cousequcox:c the M.u:r-flitla... p4,aq lbt neat..." . .:!Jtundrcd)'c-1 ra ,..., ............ _. FP iq b' tp__, cluoaoloar by COOiplctelyby 411 1 lloc-...pcioorbattbey.,..,. ItA'S ANTIQUITY t,OIP at!DD 199 codemoc Tbehistoryofa -fi'IIUdsao:ncr beproperlylnvrtnt mend tholr currentlyprofuse.e.bronoloaJ Jhl. buth at1887 B.C..and JcmueatISG-7 uodput The9 11 h eveotlproperlybelona.11te D.C.thedatuto v:;,cof ancientIndianhistory doteddurong other unportant ehoo TbeBuddbnmu$1abobeJokc-tbo coun< o11f bO>toricl:AiloosdCJeltbedIntheRomayan1 and theM1habharatoIf this is clearlyunderstoodthenthoro be"" difficulty in vlulrztogtbot 1bo twoIndiancptc two rul,ancientcivilizationsand tbeocbievemcnta ll>ry lOafar thh academic intnenslgcni)C l1chatIndia bu btcnruled bya.lient forover .. thousandyeats.or tltctoUlo ""' 800 yoaroMuallmrule wore or completechaos and barred betweentborulerandtbc ruled.Ourtn1 lltflllh dornroauonforthoooxl200ycaraWeAtornscholara' tmm11urcmcdloevol concop11 about time and spaco,tho orl1ln of the co.moo andthe appceraoce orlifo oocanhwerehl1h baa4:.!k; 111 .... ..... .-.eo if to. th'ec otbo a%1Cl .r the d.alt, ,._., aa4 '"" of binh:uc t.ooa:. "'"" rcsc:bdtmplaotiojuawamottd cbroooloD' tDlodia11lustor)'.ToillustratetbJJpoiollean &a actual IDiliDC< of bow suchbtasbadalmostled to fOUIUtta 6chhou date oaaresearchtbcSts. A adlolarkllownto mewu wotkingfor bls doctoraltheat& lin ' aoude'w" 10 lodlan CllrtauanwhobadImbibedall the dcq>-oc&trdPJUdoc:norWesternM:hOillt'lforladlaoastnll clarA.Tbt rub,..t of tbo tbcal ""' Nana Phadaavecs-tbo 18th Ccfllur) Duuoatbt ouuracQfbtS researchtheieholorfoundthree dilll:rwt clatn mentfnncd by conte111poraryEnalsbofficlala or 1M Eaotlnda Compa.,y,baa a beariaa 00 NaoaPhadoa - \lrU..Tbc lbteeollki&h hadretpceltvdyrec:orded tblt 11MJ ..._ IIIC>tl'"receptlooolrt&GICdbylbePbedneveet fiiDoilyOttFtbhj,, ...,.,..,., 1 Sow ll'llclc ootbotopic riltenbyOrNRWahnd _..,""'Deihl.. ! llaca &OdSOOtety byDuoo andOobtbansky. SaaQrk Loeaa by T. Mur111w, Tilt Vodtclido by ketrb aodllkOoonrc1 as -d bytbc aacltlnct ioo, aodhaveperhapsattained greaterbeoabu or remporat andspiritual acbievemenubuthavebeenlostand rotgoueo.Likewise oura is notthe oo.ly worldio tbe bdlaoal! vastcosmos.Muyotherciviltulloosmorrwoodmalaod similar ordiffc.rentfrom ourscould czin.Thtttoois ao u ci eotu iom oftbc HinduswhotermGodII'betbcLor4or Uncountable Millionsof Worldlikeour own.Thatthe whole creationisaconti nuous cycle wit boutbe1innlol or md,uhas beenpropoundedbytbotliodulsinceUmeJmmemonalmay also l>everifiedbylookloaarouodourcosmiCcoflroamcnl Oorsolar yscemIIm dup oforbswbithhaye beensoloa roundaodroundInan endle" whirlMen. aa1m1faandTeft tabieliretJrn rooodInaeoootaot cyeloof oreatioo and deatrut> tton.Time andapu ctoohoveoobcaloalandliDvtctory oTer commemorotlogtb ""bebe Vlkrtmowatie>lly lowermaytbiltof'Y Jdautom uuJeto( 80CICOI coaqucstlor A artat manYUlldcntaodiaaoflndlansc:holart, ulved bJL & propcAtrecordedby 8;.':. wortbop cult, pru-Kins workers sprc3d tho ool;tOkshave bobParscesAan Comities like thowbtcbI 6nJ tht andIraqIt'' tboseblppcrsIt h t.berod firettmpl: hotrcC-SortirC""wo"kina 'Jntlcttluor aul ..., Kurda andtranl,:k':B\u aod

l ndi>O,p1&Cdo( 111e1UlVl _.. t cxutioe nd'and -.c.Mtid,he oumcroo> wayfrom lu'''toB:alkhanldE"cT ,,a.:c ioO tbcot et.DliCI ltkettf Sovic'JtolS11 P 238 IIl

witbthem.AI Ubla tribe o fJetsin ..tlber drlvlnaIN - b- ia-111-cal dioauol

SANSKRIT DHARANI InCentralAsia A SIUkntOharanaamon&tbeTurb of tbtmome. of the ronowaoa \'aksbas. tbe eighthcentury.11eeords

\IIQII- (el'l'(.....

.... rout Mongoliaeven todayis the lndiallTbc Indian systemof astrologyi.practisedonMonaoha. AncientJndia.otreatiseson utrology,medicine,proaodyaad grammar.rarely roundInIndia are stilllreawred &lid MooaoliaMongolians alto yearntottorc andworlhip Oan,n water asdo 1be Indians. The Indian caclcistheguardiandeity of tbeMoo&olran capitalUlnnBator. Mongolians studyancien Indian lorecooner:tedwitbkin1 Bboj,LordKrosbnanodthellitopadesb.They alutthcfrhb-torywithMilllu asdo the Indians. Mexl11omeofrom the trader'sbouse - fOOd10 tlocIYCSIJ,broughtrromtheirownbometio ood..,. Alltb1JIJreminiscentO(oocicot lbt>t!u cult"'" "'"prevail Intbatremotereslon.These .....,.,, aoctdcotocolub th- provaihng to Indianvolla&cs. Aa ltointhe ....... pUIbas b page 2S7 of the same ancientArabie anthologySoyr-ul Olul Ia another rely, lbOICofUbi, 'blis>Some of theerntellArabaopaid rvtdlYand Ji"hom and Umar have uor1 . ulvc the tontolillnl "''IR\i\n or.-dtofar on either aide or the apu .Theword'FatehpurimcanJ a con-quered {Hindu) townJbip.Tbomarblc slabon theted..tonc Ju 1 _ - cd 11 theHondu ..dochre arc co- s.Krn ..I'll maonh&h :atof Oelbtktlo"'n !>Ill aoided by Mus! oms. octs theRedFort"'''h tberoyal tJ oaodlll oowturned1010FtchpunMosque pbIIOldDelhiprotectedb)arnaw e - dth'sullwuuoId Arou.o 1,ant:cccllcnt c..\a.mplc of nnc1t0\ntan IIDelhi ut)lcre.ore. wa.Aocordtop 10 Akbornomaand the Agnl Pur:toa. bYtheHonduktngAnongpaluound 372 A.D J)clbl wasdlofllllumPrhll\' irJRaso.workof b foretheoOUD08'..h times auem tothe foetthat Prlthvuojl ivedtnos Lal Kot- RedPalate) on the banh of the YomunnThe (sour-uor< tothisdescripuonTrueto RaJpUt Fori an$wcr',..,1 d1 onthe RedForthiiJ a gote( llothopol )llaolcedbyee-tra 11 ' dIIHd bJ.DIimag6 The:Pietra Our:ade\1g.nsms1c.nrca1nu ;... SawaoBhadopavilioooreHindunames.Theportoon where the Moabulemperorsorebclicve4tohaelivedi nside itb alwem of S.OOOwomen.is barelyenough foreven five royal persollllges to live in reaalcomfortThestoneof the Red Fort cannot withstandconnon-fire. provesthat olwasbuill by theHondusinancient times whenwarsusedto b< waged with swords and arrowsThe RedFort is an Octagon "1\sthakon"Isa SanskrotwordandaSanskritform oaly tbt ljindus hl't distinctnamesforeightdirection;.The TaJ(which I havepruvedto be an ancientRajput onmy book TAJMAHALWASARAJ PUTPALACE't ooisun. oeta8,!)nalbuilding. 1 suchomJmentalmorblecalled!'1etroDura,inm' _ theDelhi and AgraRed Forts aud inside the Taj Mahal ond tho so-called ltmdud Daulahtomb (Agra) isa n eo:irely Hindu design and art depictingHinduflora- Such o rna zentation wastaboo inMuslimAllthese monument$ arc, therefore.usurped andmisappro priat edHindu mansions.Muslimcourt r ecord.< do nothaveevenaSingledocument,bill, rcctipt,expense-accountsheet, .design drawrngsorcommissioningorders showongthottheybuilteven one of themanyr, usandsof monumentst heyclaimto havebuiltinIndia . Moht Tb11t)mpbooy Illmuble ""ISaroyalHiodupalocc.lis ..ry oamc Ta1 Mahal llp>i66 oolbiog more nor leuJu octa (OIIa) thapc aodthecupolas2lldfourtowersatthephoth iUo,.oaA&ra' Red Fan ,....buohbytheR.JpUI)forobt RaJpu" Tlus SO'l!>tllf Mn01oulmnbema &lv.,lh>tII M"''m 1omtn whclhc:r tn IndiaorinWet.! t\ :.IJn ('(1UnrruhJh: USU'!' 1'&:IIlh< factthAIviclom\orlorUJrcn,JI) rnn, o{Jlatrd ,..,..uden andpotcOWc "ho!i,h or011tbc:r1ormcn1ondeath\\Ouldcl.lllrcr(.tbulou' .CIOCJDU 10 build Iptf.aiiJitomb (Or thCif dead IC).J( lh. t ..m1&0 &brtc will b: noddfcrc:nttbetweenbenc:ot.actor,ur u:.aq andptt'N'C\IlOI'Ho-.couldbotl'l be- comm-.:morarc.J IDmtrf) ft.CIUIDKllbtIn fact C'tn bc-nc:f.1 ":toh;uc soon andpo>trrolyhuhatdlyJhcumcnoncy"'Ill< pt'Cru .othem 1nhuJC- monumt.._ 1 Tb 'uchva.uJuntpl.et and und Qaecurcregonoesbutnucorrespondonspalaceuatry the many mllltntum or theorrule fromPandv& t" PrtthoraJ ..., 61.,1 _. t'tiT" if'R" ._, ,_.n16414 it Illijiiit;:q')- CfiTtt "'< (.t1tll5lf5Wh