Song: The Eve of Song: The Eve of DestructionDestruction

By Barry McGuireBy Barry McGuire

Kennedy’s Kennedy’s Cold WarCold War

1960-19651960-1965

Essential Question:

How was war avoided during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Write slide down, except type in gray

Election of 1960

• First televised presidential election debates

JFK• Youngest elected President• 1st Catholic President• Charismatic

Jacqueline Kennedy

“Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.”

Kennedy’s Foreign Policy

• Cold War: Flexible Response

• Peace Corps – sent American volunteers to work for two years in developing countries.

• Alliance for Progress – economic aid to Latin America. Offered billions of dollars in aid to participating countries.

Race for 1st Man in Space

• Yuri Gargarin• Alan Shepard

Space Race• Russian Victories:

– Sputnik– 1st man in space

• Kennedy set goal to reach moon first

Bay of Bay of PigsPigs

Map of Cuba

Bay of Pigs

• During Eisenhower’s administration CIA developed plan for overthrowing Castro.

• CIA trained anti-Cuban refugees to invade Cuba.• Invasion okayed by Kennedy• 1500 rebels pinned down at Bay of Pigs• Cuban military crushed invasion in 72 hrs and took

1200 prisoners.

This made the United States look “like fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies, and incompetents to the rest.” American Journalist

Kennedy Kennedy vs. vs.

KhrushchKhrushchevev

Kennedy and KhrushchevBerlin, Bay of Pigs, Missile Crisis (7 min.)

Berlin WallBerlin Wall• Built to stop East Germans Built to stop East Germans

from fleeing Communismfrom fleeing Communism• Force Americans Out of Force Americans Out of

East BerlinEast Berlin

Missiles of October13 days in October 1962

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis

• CIA officials monitored Soviet arms buildup in Cuba.

• U-2 flights over island revealed ballistic-missile launching pads.

• 10/22 Kennedy appeared on television announced naval blockade

• Demanded Soviets remove missiles.

Executive Executive CommitteCommitte

ee

• President Kennedy• Secretary of State Rusk• Secretary of Defense McNamara• Asst. Sec. Paul Nitze• Foreign Policy coordinator

McGeorge Bundy• A.G. Robert Kennedy• Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff

General Maxwell Taylor• V-P Lyndon Johnson• Theodore Sorensen • Director CIA John McCone

United Nations United Nations “Until Hell Freezes over”“Until Hell Freezes over”

Cuban Cuban Blockade/QuarantineBlockade/Quarantine

• Stalemate ended>Bobby Kennedy & Soviet Ambassador Dobrynin met.

• “We’re eyeball to eyeball,” said Secretary of State Dean Rusk, “and I think the other fellow just blinked.”

• On 10/28 Khrushchev agreed to dismantle missile bases in response to Kennedy’s promise not to invade Cuba.

• Kennedy secretly agreed to remove U.S. missiles from Turkey.

After Effects

• 1963 Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

• Hot line – teletype line enabling leaders to communicate directly during crisis.

• Kennedy Visits Berlin

J.F.K. Assassinated

•L.B.J. Became President

Johnson v. Goldwater• Election of 1964 centered on Cold

War

Krushchev Expelled

• Brezhnev became Communist Party General Secretary