sound chemicals management mainstream ing and upops
TRANSCRIPT
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY
GEF/UNDP/GOK Project
Sound Chemicals Management Mainstream
2020ANNUAL
REPUBLIC OF KENYA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY
GEF/UNDP/GOK Project
Sound Chemicals Management Mainstreaming and UPOPs Reduction in Kenya
January 2021
ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT
1
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY
ing and UPOPs Reduction in Kenya
REPORT
2
Citation:2019 Annual Progress Report of the Sound Chemicals Management Mainstreaming and UPOPs Reduction in Kenya, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, GEF/UNDP/GoK Project.
For enquiries, please contact: UPOPs office physical address
N.H.I.F BUILDING, RAGATI ROAD P.O. Box 30126, NAIROBI
Telegrams: “NATURE”, Nairobi Telephone: 254-20- 2730808/9
Fax: 254-20- 2734722 Email :[email protected]
Website :www.environment.go.ke
Editors: Francis Kihumba and Washington Ayiemba
Contributors: ME&F: Francis Kihumba, NancyNarasha, Mercy Kimani
MOH: Gamaliel Omondi,LekolileLolem, NEMA: MuitungiMwai, John Mumbo
KAM: Georgina Wachuka GBM:Paul Thiong’o
Disclaimer: The 2020 Annual Report covers the period 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020. All necessary effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this publication is correct and not misleading. However, the possibility of errors or unintentional omissions cannot
be excluded. The views are those of the project implementers.
3
I. Table of Contents
Contents I. TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... 3
II. LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................................... 5
III. LIST OF PHOTOS ......................................................................................................................................... 6
IV. ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................................. 8
V. PROJECT FACTS ........................................................................................................................................ 10
VI. FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................ 12
VII. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 13
VIII. PROJECT STATUS ..................................................................................................................................... 17
SECTION 1: RESULTS ACHIEVED AGAINST THE TARGET OUTCOMES IN 2020 ............................... 17
1.1 Activities and Achievements 2019 ............................................................................................................... 17
1.2 Project Support to MEF .......................................................................................................................... 17
b) Guidelines and policies on health care waste .............................................................................................. 18
SECTION 2: RESULTS ACHIEVED AGAINST THE TARGET OUTPUTS IN2020 .................................... 33
Additional training has been made on all the HCF. It is now appreciated that there is enough capacity, what is
required is enabling. ............................................................................................................................................ 37
Outcome3: Demonstration of sound healthcare waste disposal technologies in a selected number of
healthcare facilities in each county .................................................................................................................... 41
Table 5; Calculation of Teqs for The 13HCFS Calculations Feb 2020 ............................................................ 45
COMPONENT 4. MINIMIZING RELEASES OF UNINTENTIONALLY PRODUCED
PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM ........................................................................................ 51
The activities of 2020 were a continuation ofthe activities of 2019. ............................................................... 51
Table 7. The activities for this component are summarized in the table below ...................................... 51
ID ............................................................................................................................................................................ 51
Activity .................................................................................................................................................................. 51 Planned delivery date ......................................................................................................................................... 51
Actual delivery date ............................................................................................................................................ 51 Completion status ............................................................................................................................................... 51
Budget Allocation ................................................................................................................................................ 51
Actual Budget Expenses ..................................................................................................................................... 51
1 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 51
Engage consultant to develop training module on composting and recycling (Simplified and
popular versions) .................................................................................................................................................. 51
June– Sept 2020 ..................................................................................................................................................... 51
February 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................ 51
Awaiting inception report ................................................................................................................................... 51
660,000 .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
1,700,000 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
2 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 51
4
Conduct compost quality assessment and Sampling of produced organic fertilizer from all
composting CBOs with an accredited standardization and certification entity in Nakuru and
Kisumu Counties. ................................................................................................................................................. 51
October-December 2020 ....................................................................................................................................... 51
December2020 ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
Groups identified for assessment. ...................................................................................................................... 51
KEBs has given their charges for assessment ................................................................................................... 51
2,478,000 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
343,800 .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
3 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 51
Communication materials printing .................................................................................................................... 51
June 2020 ................................................................................................................................................................ 51
July 2020 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Completed ............................................................................................................................................................. 51
2,032,000 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
4 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 51
Consultancy for social economic benefits of sound chemicals management and applications of 3 RS
and .......................................................................................................................................................................... 51
Sept 2020 ................................................................................................................................................................ 51
Dec 2020 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Final Draft received .............................................................................................................................................. 51
Due for payment ................................................................................................................................................... 51
1,996,491.9 .............................................................................................................................................................. 51
998245.95 ................................................................................................................................................................ 51
5 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 51
Consultancy on inventory of hazardous waste disposal facilities in Kisumu, Nairobi, Nakuru and
Mombasa ............................................................................................................................................................... 51
Sept 2020 ................................................................................................................................................................ 51
Dec 2020 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Final Draft received .............................................................................................................................................. 51
Due for payment ................................................................................................................................................... 51
4,981,500 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
2,490,750 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
6 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 51
Validation of consultancy .................................................................................................................................... 51
Sept 2020 ................................................................................................................................................................ 51
Dec 2020 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Completed ............................................................................................................................................................. 51
2,000,000 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
1,567,104 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
7 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 51
Waste to energy forumn ...................................................................................................................................... 51
Jan 2020 .................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Dec 2020 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Completed ............................................................................................................................................................. 51
3,000,000 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
1,212,640 ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Total Component 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 51
5
10,344,539 ............................................................................................................................................................... 51
Needs of practitioners in collection, recycling and reuse ............................................................................... 55
Photo 10: Composting activities in Nakuru county ......................................................................................... 58
IX. RISKS AND ISSUES .................................................................................................................................. 61
X. LESSONS LEARNED (POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE) AND RECOMMENDATIONS. .................. 63
Table 6: Overview of available resources for the project duration 2018 ....................................................... 64
Table 6: Overview of available resources for the project duration 2020 ....................................................... 64
Table 7: Financial summary (Based on Project Transaction details) ............................................................. 64
Chart 1: Component Budget as a percentage of Total Budgetary Approved .............................................. 64
Chart 2: Component expenses as a percentage of Total Expenses ................................................................ 65
Chart 3: Component utilization percentage ............................................................................................................. 65
XI. MONITORING AND EVALUATION .................................................................................................... 66
XII. ANNEX 5.3 AWARENESS MATERIALS FROM SELECTED PRINT MEDIA .................................. 67
II. List of Tables
Section 1
No. Table title Pg No.
Table 1 Status Contracts and tenders in process 16
Table 2 Progress towards results for Component 1
20,21
Table 3 Progress towards results for Component 2 21,22
Table 4 Progress towards results for Component 3 23-26
Table 5 Progress towards results for Component 4 26-29
Table 6 Progress towards results: Project Objectives 45, 46
Table 7 The expected TEQs reduction in 2020 29,30
Section 2
No. Table title Pg No.
Table 1 The activities for the component 31,32
Table 2 The activities of the 2020 component 33-35
Table 3 Calculation of Teqs for The 13HCFS Calculations Feb 2020 37-39
Table 4 The activities for the component for 2020 40,41
6
Table 5 Calculation of Teqs for The 13HCFS Calculations Feb 2020 44,45
Table 6 The expected TEQs reduction in 2020 47
Table 7 The activities for this component 49,50
III. List of photos No. Photo title Pg No.
Photo 1 Evaluation team 16
Photo 2 Burning chamber in Naivasha sub county hospital. 18
Photo 3 Process loading 18
Photo 4 Standard state of the art incinerator 19
Photo 5 Burning Chamber at Likoni Hospital
42
Photo 6 Stored Material to be burnt in the open 42
Photo 7 Autoclave at Mombasa Coast General Hospital
43
Photo 8 Standard medium technology burner 46
Photo 9 Recyclers with their stocks 52
Photo 10 Bamburi Cement Plant Facility waste/fuel loading section 56
Photo 11 Mbagathi Waste Management distribution Handover 57
Photo 12 Assorted waste at the company and final products. 57
Photo 13 plastic flakes and pellets 57
7
Photo 14 Rejected plastic wastes at premier plastics ltd to be recycled.
57
Photo 15 Materials for recycling 57
Photo 16 Composting activities in Nakuru county. 58
8
IV. ACRONYMS
APCS Air Pollution Control System
BAT Best Available Technology
BEP Best Environmental Practices
BRS Basel, Rotterdam & Stockholm
COP Conference of Parties
CHMT
DOSHS
County Health Management Team
Department of Safety, Health and Services
ESM Environmentally Sound Management
GCD Government Chemist Department
GoK Government of Kenya
HCF Health Care facility
HCWM Health care Waste Management
ICCA International Council of Chemicals Association
IRAT Individual Rapid Assessment Toolkit
JKUAT Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
KAM Kenya Association of Manufacturers
KEBS Kenya Bureau of Standards
KEPHIS Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services
KDC Kenya Disaster Concern
ME&F Ministry of Environment and Forestry
MOH Ministry of Health
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MTRH Mathari Teaching and Referral Hospital
MMUST Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology
NEMA National Environment Management Authority
NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations
NIP National Implementation Plan
PMU Project Management Unit
PCDD/F Polychlorobenzodioxins (PCDDs) and
polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs)
POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants
PRTR Pollutant Release Transfer Register
SAICM Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management
SC Stockholm Convention
SOP Standard Operating Procedures
TOR Terms of Reference
9
TUK Technical University of Kenya
UPOPs Unintended Persistent Organic Pollutants
WRA Water Resources Authority
WHO World Health organization
UNEA United Nations Environment Assembly
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UPOPS Unintentionally Produced Persistent Organic Pollutants
3RS Recover, Recycle, Reuse
10
V. PROJECT FACTS
Project Title: Sound Chemicals Management Mainstreaming and UPOPs reduction in
Kenya
Project Number: 00099820
Funding Sources: GEF, GoK & NGOs
Implementing Partner: Ministry of Environment and Forests (ME&F) (Government)
Project Duration: May 2016 to May 2021
1.0 Brief Project Description:
Kenya is party to the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants and is also
active in the strategic approach to international chemicals management (SAICM). The
above-named project is funded by the Global Environment Facility which is the
financing mechanism for the Stockholm Convention.
The project is intended to protect human health and the environment by managing the
risks posed by production, use, import and export of chemicals and
reducing/preventing the release of unintentionally produced persistent organic
pollutants (U-POPs and toxic compounds) originating from the unsafe management of
waste in two key sectors of health and municipal wastes.
The project is addressing how sound chemicals management can be mainstreamed into
development activities through their sound management, by implementing activities on
U-POPs monitoring, upgrading of the relevant regulations on chemicals, and
establishing a Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) database.
For health care waste (HCW), the project will adopt an integrated approach aimed at
increasing the sound management of waste within the health sector and specifically in
13 select hospital facilities (increasing segregation, reducing waste generation) and by
replacing the disposal waste modalities currently in use (open burning or burning in
single chamber incinerators) with better environmental practices so as to avoid open
burning of waste. For the municipal waste, the project intends to reinforce the practice
of reduce, reuse, and recycle (3Rs) economy by enhancing their upstream collection,
ensuring the quality of recovered material, and securing access to national market by
promoting cooperation with private sector. This is for providing a valid alternative to
the dumpsite economy, and preventing the release in the environment of U-POPs and
toxic substance upon open burning of these waste streams.
11
1.1 Project Objective:
Reduction of the releases of U-POPs and other toxic substances of related health risk
concern through the implementation of environmentally sound management of
chemicals, municipal and healthcare waste and of an integrated institutional and
regulatory framework covering management and reporting of POPs Expected Project
Outcomes:
Streamlined sound management of chemicals and waste into national and
county development activities through capacity building of ME&F, MOH,
county governments of Nairobi, Kisumu, Nakuru and Mombasa and the
NGOs.
Introduced environmentally sound management of health care waste in
selected healthcare facilities; policy and strategic plans to prepare them to
adopt BAT and BE disposal.
Demonstrated sound healthcare waste disposal technologies in a selected
number of healthcare facilities in each county.
Minimized releases of unintentionally produced POPs from open burning
of waste.
Monitoring, learning, adaptive feedback, outreach and evaluation.
1.2 Annual Budget and Expenditure, 2020:
Project Annual
Budget (US$)
Total Project
expenses (US$)
Project Balance
(US$)
Total expended (%
of total budget)
1,971,024 785,544.43 1,185,479.57 43%
12
VI. Foreword
As the Project Executive and Focal Point to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent
Organic Pollutants (POPs) which Kenya is party to, I am pleased with the progress
given in this 2020 report of the UNDP/GEF/GOK Project on the sound chemicals
management mainstreaming and UPOPS reduction in Kenya. The project supports
Kenya as a party to the Stockholm Convention to act on listed intentionally produced
organic pollutions and to minimize the emissions of unintentionally produced organic
pollutants.,
The sound management of chemicals is essential for the achievement of sustainable
development, the eradication of poverty and disease, the improvement of human health
and the environment, and the elevation and maintenance of the citizen’s standard of
living in all sectors of development for any country.
This project is addressing unintentionally produced organic pollutants mainly dioxins
and furans in particular and how they impact on human health through the sectoral
activities - health, agriculture, labor and industry.
The 2020 Annual Project Report highlights the achievements by the project and its
partners who include government, non-governmental and private sector actors. Their
collective actions include reducing chemical risks, information and awareness,
governance, capacity building among others. The evidence is through targeted action
plans that assign roles to the various stakeholders putting in place the required
frameworks to address the challenges and gaps identified. The 2018 Toxic Chemicals
Regulations andthe Waste Bill 2018 have assisted in strengthening Kenya’s ability to
deal with chemicals threats and reduction of UPOPs emissions.
The Ministry is grateful to the Global Environment Facility (GEF) for the financial
assistance, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)for the project
implementation support and the various government, non-governmental and private
sector agencies for the co-financing that they bring into the project. In 2021 the project
will need stronger engagement and increased assumption of responsibility by all
chemical stakeholders downstream entities in production, use, storage, transport,
distribution of chemicals, throughout their life cycle. Their engagement by the project is
highly recommended, going forward in the remaining project period.
CHRIS KIPTOO, CBS
PRINCIPAL SECRETARY
13
VII. Executive Summary
In 2016 Kenya received a grant from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) towards
mainstreaming sound chemicals management and reduction of unintentionally
produced persistent organic pollutants (UPOPs) from open burning of waste and burn
disposal of health care waste. The 5 years, project is implemented by the Ministry of
Environment and Forestry (ME&F) in partnership with other ministries and county
government agencies, civil society, universities and the private sector.
Remarkable progress was made in 2019, the project’s fourth year of implementation
whose key deliverables is to improve Kenya’s compliance with the Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, particularly as regards to minimizing
emissions of dioxins and furans. So far the project has supported Kenyas commitment
in addressing air quality by avoiding emissions of POPs in general and UPOPS in
particular among other air pollutants. The role of open burning as a source of UPOPs
has been pushed forward by the project as indicated by a policy and legislative
measures to minimize open burning.
In 2020 the below listed have been achieved;
i. Chemical Policy review for its completeness and now under ME&F for ownership
and subsequent public participation
ii. Inter-ministerial coordination committee formalized and its meetings held
regularly.
iii. The newly listed POPS pesticides now under Pest control Products act(regulations).
iv. Report on the chemicals Communications Strategy
v. Report on the review of chemicals policy
vi. Development of a POPS Monitoring Protocol
vii. Report on the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register
viii. Procurement of Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer for the Water Resources
Authority laboratories in central Laboratory and Kisumu Regional Laboratory
ix. Guidance on addressing chemicals residue in flower and horticulture
x. Guidance on chemicals residues in food
xi. Guidance on Social economic instruments for sound chemicals management
For component 2:
i. The guidelines of health Care Waste Management were completed
ii. The Standard Operating Procedures for Health Care management were
completed
iii. The Communication Strategy for Health Care waste were completed.
14
For component 3:
i. Procurement of health care waste commodities completed.
ii. Service Contracts for Mbagathi and JOORTH Hospitals to get the incinerators
upgraded finalized
iii. Service Contracts for Naivasha sub county Hospitals the to get a new incinerator
finalized.
For component 4
i. Contracts to procure bailers, shredders and bins completed and will be
distributed
ii. Assessment for turning organic waste to compost done and contract for training
on compositing awarded.
iii. Inventory on hazardous waste disposal facilities in the counties of Nairobi,
Mombasa a, Kisumu and Nakuru completed
iv. Adopting the Stockholm Convection Guidelines for waste to energy done.
Table 1: Status of contracts and tenders in process.
NAME OF TENDER Cost Ksh.
millions
payment COMMENTS
1 Consultancy service to develop a
communication strategy.
1.4 100%
done
Final report submitted
2 Supply, Delivery and
Commissioning of GAS
Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry (GC-MS)
Equipment to WRA Laboratories
23.5 100%
done
Commissioning
remaining
3 Consultancy to review draft
chemicals policy and legislation
alignment with international
standards, Develop a Monitoring
Protocol and PRTR
3.6 70% Final draft submitted
4 Consultant to redesign guidelines/SOPs
Injection safety and medical waste
disposal communication strategy.
7.1 64% Final draft submitted
5 Health care Waste Management training
venue- Kisumu Hotel 6.1 30% in
process
Inception Report and
1st Draft Discussed
6 Consultancy service on social and
economic benefits of sound
chemical management and
2.0 80% in
process
Validation Done and
80% payment
underway
15
application of 3Rs.
7 Consultancy services to develop a
training module on composing
and recycling.
2.0 awarded Awaiting Inception
report
8 Development of an Inventory on
hazardous waste disposal
facilities in Kisumu, Mombasa,
Nakuru, Nairobi and surrounding
counties
5.0 80% in
process
Final Draft discussed by
PIC
9 Supply, delivery, installation,
Testing and commissioning of
bailers, waste plastic shredder/
shredding machine and waste
bins, as per specification.
18 Awarded Contract signed
10 Supply Delivery, Installation,
testing, and Commissioning of a
new incinerator at Naivasha Sub-
County Hospital
15 Awarded
and
Contract
signed
Awaiting delivery
11 Upgrading of Incinerator to SC
Compliance at Mbagathi Hospital
and JOOTRH
10 Awarded Contract to be signed
12 Supply, delivery, installation,
testing and commissioning of
infectious waste treatment system
with integrated Shredding and
steam Decontamination cycle at
Likoni and Mathare
30 0 To be advertised and
specifications revised
13 Construction of Ashpits, Glass
Crusher and needles at 4 HCF
10 0 Awaiting specification
from MOW
15 Medical Waste Truck 7 0 Awaiting specifications
approval
16 Additional Bins & PPE'S 1.7 P.O stage
17 Consultancy service on chemical
use in flower and horticulture
industry.
3.8 ongoing Validation done and
awaiting PIC report
18 Consultancy services to develop
an inventory on chemicals and
waste for Kajiado county.
2.7 Ongoing Validation done and
awaiting PIC report
16
19 Consultancy services to review
and update the priority concerns
related to chemical residues in
food.
3.2 ongoing Validation done and
awaiting PIC report
Consultancy to survey the waste
management, extent and impact
of leachate pollution in western
Kenya.
15 Re-
advertised
Awaiting Evaluation
Supply, Delivery, Construction,
Installation, Testing And
Commissioning Of Spray Races,
Water Storage Tanks, Cattle
Troughs And Water Points For
Domestic Use In Baringo, Narok,
Kajiado And Elgeyo Marakwet
Counties
15 ongoing Awaiting 1st
implementation report
Total tenders 182.1
Fig 1. Tender evaluation team
Photo 1: Evaluation team
17
VIII. PROJECT STATUS
SECTION 1: RESULTS ACHIEVED AGAINST THE TARGET OUTCOMES IN 2020
1.1 Activities and Achievements 2019
a) The year of 2020 was noted for the following:
Changes in the Project executives from Ms. Betty Maina to Dr. Chris Kiptoo
Principal Secretary and the retirement of Richard Mwendandu, replaced by Mr.
Cyrus Mageria Ag. Director Multilateral Environmental Agreements as Project
Coordinator.
Procurement and distribution of health care waste commodities for all project
supported facilities done.
The execution for consultancy services on legal policy ,monitoring protocol and
pollutant release and transfer register now being finalized
Completion of a chemical’s communication strategy for chemicals and waste
Start-up of partner projects on chemicals management by Ministries of
Agriculture, Health, Water and Industrialization and Enterprise Development
1.2 Project Support to MEF
Supported the Ministry in Reporting the 2018 Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm
Conventions that lobbied for the BRS 2021 COPs to be hosted by Kenya
Supported Kenya’s participation in the fourth Conference of the Parties Minamata
Meeting on Mercury and led with Japan on the agenda item of the release of
Mercury from open burning of waste
Prepared Kenya participation in the SAICM open ended working group meeting
held on 22nd March ,2020
1.3 Component Outputs
a) Mainstreaming Sound chemicals management
i. Supported the development of National Action Plan for Artisanal Gold Mining.
ii. Development of training materials tailored for the Kenya situation on POPS
management made
iii. Consultancy to develop a POPS monitoring plan completed
iv. 80 staff coming from various counties and institutions affiliated to government
chemical industry trained on POPS issue
v. Capacity building of the Water Resources Authority and procurement for a Gas
Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer to analyze POPS in water
18
vi. University curricula for chemicals risk assessment and management of
hazardous chemicals developed by the University of Nairobi and is in the
process of being presented to the University Senate
b) Guidelines and policies on health care waste
i. Support strengthening activities with project partners (MOH) counties, private
sector by supplying commodities and personal protective equipment to select
HCF.Revisions/development of HCWM guidelines based on the last edition of
the WHO blue book and use of procedures for rapid assessment of HCWM
(target 24) completed and training about to commence
ii. Developed estimates of emission and discharge standards for HCWM burn
technologies currently in use in 13 HCF completed using I-rat Tool the individual
Assessment as a precursor for introducing environmentally sound management
of health care waste in 13 selected healthcare facilities in Mombasa, Nairobi,
Nakuru and Kisumu.
iii. Development of guidelines and SOPs for waste arising from HCW
iv. Promoting the use of lessons learnt through Inter-county benchmark field visits
for Mombasa, Nakuru and Kisumu HCW facilities.
v. Review of health care waste policy documents harmonizing guidelines on
HCWM and cascading them to the four project counties.
vi. Training of hospital staff on achieving Stockholm Convention guidelines on
incinerators and minimizing disposal of waste through open burning of waste
vii. Guideline on monitoring and evaluation for HCW finalized in HCFs.
viii. Installation of a microwave at Port Reitz Hospital.
ix. Procurement of new incinerator and upgrading of existing incinerators at the
final stages. The recipient HCF to be used as demonstration centres for good
environmental practices at county level.
d) Component 4 Municipal waste
i. Baseline Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping of dumpsites and
CBOs done for Nakuru, Mombasa and Kisumu.
ii. Inventory of harzadous chemicals and waste in Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu and
Nakuru done.
iii. .
iv. Selection of Community Based Organizations groups done for Nakuru,
Mombasa and Kisumu counties.
v. Development of material for Live television and radio programmes planning
meeting on UPOPs reduction and sound chemicals management and promotion
of 3Rs and on “trash to cash” initiatives.
19
vi. Printing of waste sensitization materials for public distribution.
vii. Development of modules on composting and recycling of non-hazard materials.
viii. Meetings to establish the capacity to fabricate equipment for Waste Management
Technologies with JKUAT. (Shredders, Composters, Compost turners and
bailers)
ix. Compacting of fresh waste to avoid burning in Kachok Dumpsite.
x. Approval of 3 materials recovery sites in Kisumu County.
xi. Review of performance of microwave and autoclave waste recycling possibilities
in Kisumu County.
2.0 Outcome assessment
Stakeholders in the international partners especially UNDP, and the Global
Environment facility, National government, the semi-autonomous state agencies, the
non-governmental organization in the four counties were generally satisfied with the
participatory approach employed by the PMU in the implementation of the project
giving the PMU and PSC a satisfactory rating in the midterm evaluation. Examples are
as given below. This was stated in several meetings and for a with the stakeholders
i. The MEF has concluded the chemicals policy, chemical regulations and
chemicals roadmap. It has also been very successful in resource mobilization for
project. The MEF need to strengthen its absorption and implementation capacity.
ii. The biggest gains are in the management of health care waste. The project has
trained over 200 trainers of trainers. In the 13 selected health care facilities, there
is now enough trained staff to make environmentally sound decisions on HCW.
More specifically MOH has put in place microwaves in the four counties.
Nakuru has expanded its microwave facility. Nairobi county has considered
energy to waste in Dandora and been advised by the project on selection of best
environmental practices. In Kisumu, the problematic Kachok dumping area with
a TEQ equivalent of ……has been closed
In the period January to December 2020, the following were the outcomes of the direct
intervention and support of the project:
i. Overall, the project contributed to comprehensive progress of relevant chemicals
and environment legislation in Kenya, based on ratification of Multilateral
Environment Agreements into various key institutions and especially NEMA,
Ministry of Health, Universities, Kenya Association of Manufacturers, Ministry
of Agriculture etc.
ii. HCWM Guidelines have already been reviewed. However, this work will
continue throughout the project, as experiences are gathered from the testing of
20
new technologies. The guidelines for the Environmentally Sound Management of
HCW, including rapid assessment based on the I-RAT tool, have been developed
and officially adopted. Substantial capacity building activities on HCW
especially for the four counties have been made. 200 health officers from
Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru and Nairobi counties, from selected HCFs, were
trained on HCWM, cessation of open burning of waste and waste separation /
sorting.
iii. A facility assessment of the 13 health facilities carried out to determine the
infrastructural status for best available techniques and best environmental
practice needs, as well as general HCWM situation in each facility. Priorities and
current state of the health care waste management (HCWM) needs of the 13
Health Care Facilities participating in the project have been documented. The
health care waste commodities documented for the 13 facilities procured and
distributed. The commodities included: Bin liners, weighing, scales, trolleys,
waste bins. The year 2020 focussed on the installation and action use of facilities
and equipment.
Photo 2: Burning chamber in Photo 3: Process loading
Naivasha sub county hospital.
Photo 4:standard state of the art incinerator
21
Tablle 2:
Outcome Status at MTR Assessment
Outcome 1.1:
Policies, strategies
regulatory and policy
framework integrating
the provisions of
streamlining chemicals
management into
development activities
(specifically those of
the Stockholm
convention and the
SAICM
recommendations)
adopted and
institutional capacity
on U-POPs and waste
management
enhanced.
On Track
Component 1 of the project pertains to
capacity building of relevant ministries
at the central level and the county
governments where the pilot activities
under the project are being carried out
(Nairobi, Kisumu, Nakuru and
Mombasa) and the NGOs/ CBOs.
Further, under this component of the
project, creation of a conducive
regulatory and policy framework,
along with the training of the relevant
institutions for implementation of the
SC and SAICM is envisaged.
Under Outcome 1.1 of the Component
1, Policies, strategies regulatory and
policy framework are to be integrated
with provisions of streamlining
chemicals management into
development activities, thereby
enhancing the institutional capacity on
UPOPs and waste management. As can
be seen from Table 8, some of the of the
activities (Outputs/Targets) for
achieving Outcome 1.1 has already
been carried out. However, a number
of activities (Outputs/Targets) are still
to be carried out.
All the pieces of legislation are all
nearly ready. What is waiting is
executive endorsement procedures not
fundamental technical issue.
A bit of catching up would need to be
done to achieve the Outcome 1.1 by the
end of the project.
The progress
towards
achievement
of results for
Outcome 1.1
has been rated
as moderately
Satisfactory
22
Outcome 1.2
Monitoring activities
intensified and
strengthened and
PRTR database in
place.
On Track
Outcome 1.2 relates to intensification
and strengthening of the monitoring
activities for chemicals and creation of
PRTR database. The work plans of the
project for the years 2017, 2018 and
2019 has not included any activity for
achieving the Targets for Outcome 1.2.
However, the project has already
initiated the efforts (prepared TOR for
appointing a consultant) for some of
the activities to achieve this outcome.
However, there are issues (project
design issues) with this Outcome
(please see recommendation 4). Due to
this reason the progress towards
achievement against this Outcome has
not been rated.
Not Rated
Table 3, Progress towards results for Component 2
Outcome
Status
as per
PIR1
Status at MTR Assessment
Outcome 2.1
Personnel of hospital
facilities and control
authorities at central
and county level have
enough capacity
guidance and
equipment to manage
healthcare waste in an
Environmental Sound
Manner
On
Track
Component 2 of the project is
focused on facilitating
demonstration of BEP and BAT for
treatment and disposal of the HCW
in the HCFs. While Outcome 2.1 of
Component 2 is focused on creation
of conducive conditions (regulations
and standards) for implementation
of the BEP and BAT at the national
level, Outcome 2.2 is focused on
facilitating implementation of BAP
and BAT at the selected HCFs.
Most of the activities/indicators
Most of the activities
planned are either been
carried out or are planned.
By the end of the project,
regulations are expected to
be in place. Accordingly,
the progress towards results
for this Outcome has been
rated as
Further analysis and
training means that this
task has been addressed
adequately
1 As Self-reported by the project team
23
Outcome
Status
as per
PIR1
Status at MTR Assessment
provided in the results frame-work
for Output 2.1 are either being
implemented and are planned.
It is likely that by the end of the
project the proposed regulations
and standards would be in place.
Outcome 2.2
Implementation of
BAT/BEP at selected
hospital facilities
successfully
demonstrated and
measured against the
baseline
On
Track
Facilitation is to be done by carryout
baseline assessment, training of the
staff of the HCFs, minimizing the
waste stream, segregation of waste
and introducing recycling activities
etc
As mentioned above Output 2.2 of
Component 2 of the project is
focused on facilitating
demonstration of BEP and BAT for
treatment and disposal of the HCW
in the selected HCFs.
Most of the equipment is in the
procurement process.
Their installation can be expected in
the 1st quarter
.
Most of the activities/indicators
provided in the results frame-work
for Output 2.2 are either being
implemented or are planned.
The impacts and effectiveness of
such activities is not visible. For
example, the staff of the HCFs are
still not clear about the need and
procedure for segregation of waste
(in terms of different types of wastes
Most of the targets/outputs
for this Outcome are
expected to be completed
by the end of the project.
However, the effectiveness
in terms of the Outputs in
terms of the desired
Outcome is missing, due to
absence of the
dissemination of the
knowledge regarding the
need to dispose of the
treated waste by a non-burn
method. The progress
towards results has been
rated as
The MTR rated it
Moderately Satisfactory.
With more work now it
should be rated satisfactory
24
Outcome
Status
as per
PIR1
Status at MTR Assessment
e.g. different types of plastics,
separation of needles from syringes)
which are necessary for
implementing BEP and BAT.
Further, there is a need to increase
the understanding amongst the staff
regarding the possibilities to recycle
some of the HCW (please see
recommendation 5).
Component 3
Table 4: Progress towards results for Component 3
Outcome
Status
as per
PIR2
Status General assesment
Outcome 3.1
Feasibility analysis
and procurement
of ESM
technologies for
healthcare waste
disposal
completed
On
Track
Component 3 of the project is a follow
up of the Component 2 of the project,
and is aimed at implementation of BEP
and BAT at the HCFs. While doing so
the project is to also make good use of
some of the existing facilities for non-
burn technologies (microwave,
autoclave) at some of the HCFs. Also,
the project is to upgrade the
incinerators at some of the HCFs to
minimise the release of UPOPs. Apart,
from the use of existing facilities for
non-burn technologies and up
gradation of the incinerators, the project
is to provide new equipment for
establishment of non-burn technologies
for treatment of HCW. The aim of
2020 saw full attention
given to developing the
specifications for the
technology.
It is evident technologies
anticipated are available
and are being put in project
HCF.
This component is
progressing well
2 As Self-reported by the project team
25
Outcome
Status
as per
PIR2
Status General assesment
Component 3 is to reduce the release of
UPOPs of about 19gTEq/yr.
Output 3.1 of Component 3, relates to
the feasibility study in terms of
technology type (microwave,
autoclave), technical specifications, and
cost effectiveness of the new non-burn
technologies based HCW treatment
facilities to be established under the
project. All these have been advertised
in in process of procurement
Output 3.1 also includes the technical
specification of the APCS for up-
gradation of some of the existing
incinerators. The project has already
worked out the TOR for the consultants
to be hired for carrying out the activities
for achieving the Output 3.1.
Accordingly, the progress towards
achievement of results for Outcome 3.1
is rated as Satisfactory. Now the
upgrading of facilities in Mbagathi and
JOOTH is progressing well
For a new incinerator in Naivasha
Subcounty should make all
surrounding hospitals and facilities
compliant
Outcome 3.2
BAT/BEP
technologies for
the disposal of
healthcare waste
On
Track
As mentioned above under Outcome
3.2, new non-burn technology based
HCW management facilities would be
created as some of the HCFs. The
activities for achieving this Outcome
26
Outcome
Status
as per
PIR2
Status General assesment
successfully
established and
demonstrated,
with a potential
reduction of U-
POPs emissions in
the order of
19gTeq/year
can only be carried out after
achievement of Outcome 3.1.
Considering that activities for achieving
3.1 are yet to be initiated, further,
considering the procurement and
establishment of HCWs management
facilities would be a time-consuming
process, the Outcome 3.2 would be
achieved only in case a no-cost
extension to the project is provided
(please see recommendation xx).
As mentioned before (under Outcome
2.2), presently there is no
understanding amongst the HCF staff
regarding the need to segregate the
waste, recycle the treated waste to the
extent possible etc. to ensure that there
is no release of UPOPs in the overall
process of using non-burn technologies
for HCW management. For the couple
of HCFs where non-burn technologies
are already in use (these non-burn
facilities were created with support
from the donor community in an earlier
project), the final disposal of the
shredded waste is carried out at the
dumpsites (where it eventually gets
burned) leading to release of UPOPs
(please see recommendation xx).
The project has targeted reduction of
release of 19.0 gTEq/ yr. of UPOPs from
the HCFs where the interventions on
the ground are being supported by the
project. This is against the baseline
figure of release of 19.0 gTEq/ yr. from
27
Outcome
Status
as per
PIR2
Status General assesment
these HCFs. Thus, the project is targeted
zero release of UPOPs due to treatment
of HCW at the targeted HCFs. It is to be
noted that this is not possible, firstly
because not all the facilities will be
using the non-burn technologies and
secondly as all the medical waste (after
treatment) can’t be recycled. Some of
the material like bandages, gauges etc.
would still need to be burned (please
see recommendation xx).
As the targeted reduction in the release
of UPOPs can’t be achieved, the
progress towards results for Outcome
3.2 is rated as Unsatisfactory. With the
correction in the figures for targeted
reduction in the release of UPOPs and
implementation of the
recommendations, the situation would
change by the end of the project.
Table 4: Progress towards results for Component 4
Outcome
Status
as per
PIR3
Status at MTR Assesment
Outcome 4.1
Awareness raising
and capacity
strengthening on
ESM of solid
waste ensured
On
Track
Component 4 of the project is focused on
reducing the release of UPOPs due to
management of SW.
Outcome 4.1 of Component 4 is to facilitate
implementation of the measures to reduce
the release of UPOPs by way of awareness
creation, training, capacity building of
stakeholders and regulations.
Regulations regarding
the management of SW
are likely to be in place
by the end of the project.
The progress towards
achievement of results
for Output 4.1 has been
rated as
3 As Self-reported by the project team
28
Outcome
Status
as per
PIR3
Status at MTR Assesment
Most of the activities/indicators provided in
the results frame-work for Output 4.1 has
already been implemented. The regulations
regarding the management of SW are likely
to be in place by the end of the project.
Satisfactory
Outcome 4.2
Sound
Management of
solid waste in
targeted
municipalities
implemented with
the support of
NGOs, and
Emergency plan
to reduce
exposure of
population to
harmful
substances
implemented with
a reduction of
unintentionally
produced POPs
from the burning
of solid waste of
23 gTEq/year (10
% of the current
estimate of 247 g
I-TEQ/year)
On
Track
Outcome 4.2 of the project pertaining to
reduction in the release of UPOPs due to
management of SW, is focused on the
engagement of communities already
involved in the informal management of
solid waste.
This includes waste separation and
recycling; development of small businesses
based on waste recycling and composting.
The reduction in the release of UPOPs is to
be achieved by enhancing the “3R” economy
and enabling municipalities to establish
Public Private Partnerships (PPP) schemes
with the support of NGOs that can at the
same time reduce the waste flows being
burnt, reduce poverty and provide an
alternative opportunity for people living at
the dumpsites. The targeted reduction in the
release of UPOPs by these measures above is
3.0 gTEq/ yr. Another 20.0 gTEq/year of
release of UPOPs is to be achieved by
carrying out the interventions (emergency
measures) at the dump sites (please see the
next row for Outcome 4.3)
In the baseline situation the inert parts (non-
decay-able like plastic, metals, glass, rubber)
of the SW were not getting combusted at the
dump sites as these were gets sorted out at
With the present scale of
activities for collection of
the waste at the source of
generation and
considering the fact that
the inert part of the SW
in the baseline case was
not getting combusted at
the dump sites, the
targeted reduction of 3.0
gTEq/ yr. is not expected
to be achieved, if
corrective actions are not
implemented.
The progress towards
results for Outcome 4.2
has been rated as
Moderately Satisfactory
29
Outcome
Status
as per
PIR3
Status at MTR Assesment
the dumpsites. Thus, it is the collection of
decay-able organic matter (food waste,
paper etc.) and their disposal in ways other
than dumping/burning which would lead
to reduction in the release of UPOPs.
The project has either implemented or is
planning to implement the
Targets/Activities mentioned in the results
framework to achieve the Outcome 4.2. The
project is supporting collection of waste
paper at the source of generation and its
recycling. The project is also supporting
collection of some of the organic waste at the
source of generation (markets, food outlets
etc.) and its disposal by the CBOs by
composting. However, the scale of such
activities is quite small, and is not expected
to lead to the reduction in the release of the
UPOPs up to the desired level.
Considering the present scale of activities
for collection of the waste at the source of
generation and considering the fact that the
inert part of the SW in the baseline case was
not getting combusted at the dump sites, the
targeted reduction of 3.0 gTEq/ yr. is
unlikely to be achieved, unless corrective
actions and recommendations are
implemented (please see recommendation
3).
Outcome 4.3
Municipal waste
disposal sites with
adequate
On
Track
Under Outcome 4.3 of the project, waste
management practises (non-burn
technology based emergency measures) are
to be implemented at dumpsites to reduce
the release of UPOPs due to burning of SW.
As implementation of
any emergency measure
to limit the release of
UPOPs from the
dumpsites (due to
30
Outcome
Status
as per
PIR3
Status at MTR Assesment
management
practices (non-
burn)
The targeted reduction in the release of
UPOPs due to the emergency measures is
20.0 gTEq/ yr.
The project has facilitated closure of two
existing dumpsites, but has not provided for
the use of the non-burn technology as an
alternative to the dumping of the SW. Due
to which the SW which was earlier dumped
at these dumpsites are now being diverted
to other dumpsites or is not being collected.
The project design has not provided for any
emergency measures for reduction of release
of emissions of UPOPs at the dumpsites
(please see recommendation 2 as well). Also,
there is no visibility regarding the funds
which would be required for carrying out
the emergency measures at the dumpsites.
There is no action on this front by the
project. With the present state of affairs, no
achievement towards reduction in the
release of UPOPs due to emergency
measures is expected.
burning) is unlikely,
there would not be any
reduction in the release
of UPOPs.
No achievement towards
reduction in the release
of UPOPs due to
emergency measures is
expected.
The progress towards
achievement of results
for Outcome 4.3 is rated
as
Unsatisfactory
Table 6: Progress towards results: Project Objectives
Indicator End of the
Project
Target4
Level at PIR5 Status and rating at
MTR
Indicator 1
Existence of a SC
compliant
institutional and
Target A
Guidelines
for relevant
Chemical Policy been finalized by
technical committee now awaits national
wide stakeholder validation forum as
required by law.
There is sufficient
progress towards
achievement of the
Target A of the project
4 Targets as per the Results Framework of the project provided in the ‘Project Document’ 5 Self-assessment by the project team
31
regulatory
framework
covering
management and
reporting of POPs.
institutions
on how to
streamline
chemicals
management
into their
policies,
strategies
and action
plans
Recommendations of the Institutional
Needs study consultancy on
Institutional Strengthening done in 2017
are being addressed
Key Output is that the Public Service
Commission has accepted the
establishment of chemicals and Waste
Department in the ME&F
Action Plan for Mercury-free processing
in Artisanal and Small Scale Gold
Mining being developed up to the 1st
Draft Report for Stakeholder validation
and backstopping support to UNDP
Country office in developing of the full
scale GEF Gold Child Project to its
signing by National Treasury
Activities to address mercury in
products have been addressed
Three Forums organized for university
to mainstream sound chemicals
management i.e. 50% of anticipated
activity.
Staff in key Institutions engaged in
chemicals management fully aware of
their responsibilities and obligations
50% in mainstreaming chemicals
management into their institutions
policies and strategies 80% done on this
component
Inter-ministerial TORs on sound
chemicals management developed and
shared with all relevant stakeholders.
Key issues addressed by the TORs
include regular meetings, (4times a
year), formation of committee and its
scope and responsibilities of each sector.
This activity is 80% done as it is awaiting
gazette notification of chemicals policy
objectives.
The progress towards
results for Target A is
rated as Satisfactory
32
33
SECTION 2: RESULTS ACHIEVED AGAINST THE TARGET OUTPUTS IN2020
Outcome 1: Streamlined sound management of chemicals and waste into national and
county development activities through capacity building of ME&F, MOH, county
governments of Nairobi, Kisumu, Nakuru and Mombasa and the NGOs
Table 2: The activities for the component
Id. Activity Planned
delivery
date
Actual
delivery
date
Completion
status
Budget
Allocation
Actual Budget
Expense
1 Consultancy for
Monitoring
Protocol
March -
May
20202
Dec 2020 Final Report
submitted
UNDP 4,621,440
2 Consultancy to
review draft
chemicals policy
and legislation
alignment with
international
standards
March -
May
20202
Dec 2020 Final Report
submitted
3 Consultancy for
PRTR concluded
and advertised by
UNDP
March -
May 2020
Dec 2020 Final Report
submitted
UNDP
4 Developing a data
base of chemicals
in water sources
(Nairobi, Athi river
and Kajiado
County)
Feb-
March
2020
Feb 2020
Scoping
exercise
done
Inspection of
WRA
equipment
0 183,400
5 Procurement of a
GCMS and HPLC
equipment to
support Water
Resources
Authority in
measuring POPs in
water
June 2020 October
2020
The
equipment
installed, Lab
works done in
Kisumu,
Training
completed.
26,349,286 23,703400
6 Interns stipend Monthly Monthly Monthly 1,500,000 900,000
Total Component 1 29,408,240
34
Output 1.1.1: Overall policy framework and specific regulatory measures covering
environmentally sound management of chemicals in general and POPs in particular
through chemicals life cycle management developed and implemented.
1. Finalization of consultancy on review of policy and legislation, monitoring
protocol and the pollutant release and transfer register.
2. Presentation for gazettement Draft Regulations for Industrial Chemicals.
3. Gazettement of the Draft Waste Management Policy.
4. Review of Consultancies granted for National Action Plan for Artisanal Gold
Mining.
5. Participation in health and environment health scientific conference.
6. Preparation for public consultations on the chemicals policy.
7. Start of the consultants for Sound Chemicals Management communication
strategy.
8. Planned start of the requisite Public Consultation for Kenya Chemicals Policy
9. Presentation for gazettement the draft cabinet memorandum for ratification
of the Minamata convention making progress.
10. Support meetings of the development of industrial chemicals regulations in
partnership with NEMA and the validation workshop for the regulations.
11. Development of a National Plan for environmental and industrial monitoring
of chemicals and waste.
12. The capacity to analyze POPs pesticides continue to be strengthened by the
government parties. Specifications for desirable GMS concluded and GCSM
procured awaiting installation at the Water Resources Management
Authority Central Testing facility.
13. Assisted the water resources Authority to develop a concept for analyzing
POPs in water coming from sludge and fly ash from incineration.
35
Outcome 2: Introduced environmentally sound management of health care waste in
selected healthcare facilities; policy and strategic plans to prepare them to adopt BAT
and BEP disposal.
Table 3. The activities of the 2020 component
No. Activity Planned
delivery
date
Actual
delivery
date
Completion
status
Budget
Allocatio
n
Actual
Budget
Expense
1 Consultant to redesign
guidelines/SOPs
Injection safety and
medical waste disposal
communication
strategy.
Sept 2020 Jan 2021 Final Report
submitted
7,182,000 4,596,480
2. Health care Waste
Management training
venue- Kisumu Hotel
June 2020 March
2020
Completed 150,000 125,000
3 Nairobi county waste
management referral
systems to minimize
open burning- KWS
Training Institute
Jan 2020 June
2020
Completed 233,99.35 233,99.35
4 Standard Operating
Procedures and
strategy development
for managing
Homebased care for
COVID 19
Sept 2020 Sept
2020
Completed 1,839,200 1,839,200
5 Health and
Environment forumns
Jan and
Nov 2020
Jan and
Nov
2020
Completed 2,000,000 396,000
6 Validation of workshop
for SOPs, Injection and
communication
strategy
Sept 2020 Dec 2020 Completed 1,500,000 1,108,800
Component 2 Totals 8,065,812.35
36
Outcome 2.1: Personnel of hospital facilities and control authorities at central and
county levels have enough capacity guidance and equipment to manage healthcare
waste in an environmental sound manner
i. Materials for segregation distributed
ii. In-house training in all the county facilities conducted.
iii. Over 200 staff trained
iv. Standard Operating Procedures and guidelines for hazardous waste
management at healthcare facilities built on lessons and examples from the
application of the I-RAT tool under the GEF4 /UNDP Global projects and on the
WHO bluebook “Safe Management of Wastes from Health-care Activities”
developed and adopted
For the component the following was done.
i. A draft national healthcare waste handbook containing guidelines for HCWM
drafted and adopted by the MoH.
ii. Draft standard procedures for HWM drafted and adopted awaiting
printing.
iii. Communication strategy for HCWM drafted.
iv. Implementation of BAT/BEP at selected hospital facilities successfully
demonstrated and measured against the baseline through evaluation of the
needs for each facility.
v. Each health facility allocated personal protective equipment.
vi. Data storage facilities distributed to Nairobi and Mombasa HCWM county
offices
Priorities for each facility and the waste as well as the Toxic Equivalents that can
be saved from open burning in respective facilities assessed and each facility will
benefit according to amount of wastes it generated.
vii. Listing and description of waste management equipment and utilities
commodities to better manage the waste done.
viii. Training and distribution of waste segregation equipment and personal
protective equipment (PPEs) for the project hospitals
ix. Specifications for HCWM technologies developed and procurement processes
started.
37
Output2.2.1: Hospital personnel at all level trained on implementation of the above
procedures
Additional training has been made on all the HCF. It is now appreciated that there is
enough capacity, what is required is enabling.
Output 2.2.2: Baseline assessment of each healthcare facility based on the assessment
procedures developed in 2.1.1 carried out, and waste management plans based on the
baseline assessment level drafted and implemented
Project deliverables:
Planning and budgeting capacity of Centre Health Management Teams (CHMT) and
Facility managers built:
Draft action plans and budgets developed for respective target health facilities.
The amount of PPE needed for each day of patient care will depend on various
factors including: the number of patients, the acuity of patients, projected number of
staff and healthcare team configuration, length of shifts, number of required breaks
for staff wearing PPE, isolation unit location and staff support strategies, waste
management strategy, lab location, lab testing demand, and hospital protocols for
products.
Hospitals were encouraged to partner with neighbouring hospitals, in-network
facilities, and/or healthcare coalitions to share inventory for any product that may
be in limited supply.
The procured PPE supplies were used for training.
Output 2.2.3: ESM management of healthcare waste (based on WHO bluebook)
implemented in facilities in each of the four counties (12 facilities) including
replacement of mercury devices with non-mercury
Facility baseline of 12 target HCF documented that quantified the levels of waste
segregation commodities. Detailed remedial measures will be developed. Kenyatta
National Hospital and Nairobi County to conclude on an MOU on utilization of the
microwave and that of Coast General hospital Mombasa is awaiting the installation of a
UPS for power support, while Kisumu is almost completing the housing.
In 2020 it was confirmed that personnel of hospital facilities and control
authorities at MOH headquarters, Kenya National Hospital and Nairobi,
Mombasa, Nakuru Counties county levels have enough capacity guidance.
38
2020 was the time for procurement of the facilities and a process of procurement
was undertaken
The strategy for the minimization of releases of UPOPS from open burning of
waste requires county governments to enforce the existing rules of handling
waste, provide for proper documentation and control of the waste disposal,
control that the personnel handling the waste wear protective clothing (gloves,
shoes) during collection, transportation and storage to reduce exposure at the
county level and facility level because waste management is a devolved activity
under the new constitutions. Activities for establishing standards and guidelines
for incinerators are also envisaged.
Table 3. Calculation of Teqs for The 13HCFS Calculations Feb 2020
No Health care
Facility
Number
of beds
Disposal
modality /
Comments
Emission
factor
Tons of
waste
generated
daily
PCDD/F
released
in the air
(gTEq /
year)
Tons of
waste
currently
PCDD/F
(gTEq /
year)
1 Mbagathi
sub county
Hospital
400 The stack
of the
single-
chamber
incinerator
is clogged.
40000 0.21 3.07 77 0.23
2 Mama
Lucy
Kibaki
County
Referral
Hospital;
130 Has two
double
chamber
incinerators
without
APCS and
one is not
functional
3000 0.15 55 0.16
3 Mathari
Mental
Hospital
100 Open
burning
4000 0.065 24 0.95
4 Naivasha
Subcounty
hospital
240 A minimal
part of the
waste are
burnt in a
basic
incinerator.
40000 0.126 1.84 46 1.84
39
No Health care
Facility
Number
of beds
Disposal
modality /
Comments
Emission
factor
Tons of
waste
generated
daily
PCDD/F
released
in the air
(gTEq /
year)
Tons of
waste
currently
PCDD/F
(gTEq /
year)
5 Nakuru
general
hospital
400 Most of the
waste are
burnt in the
open air
40000 0.21 3.07 1121 0
6 Kisumu
County
hospital
200 Small
double
chamber
incinerator
without
ACPS
3000 0.105 0.11 40 1.54
7 Kombewa
County
Hospital
41 Double
chamber
incinerator
without
ACPS
0.054 20 0.06
8 New
Nyanza
teaching
hospital
650 Recently
installed
double
chamber
incinerator
without
ACPS
3000 0.2 0.22 73 0.108
9 Ahero sub-
district
hospital
60 Open
burning
40000 0.0315 0.46 12 0.46
10 Mombasa
coast
hospital
700 Dumped in
the open -
possibly
open
burning
40000 0.3675 5.3 134 0.4
11 Port Reitz
hospital
178 Dumped in
the open -
possibly
open
burning
40000 0.09345 1.36 34 1.36
40
No Health care
Facility
Number
of beds
Disposal
modality /
Comments
Emission
factor
Tons of
waste
generated
daily
PCDD/F
released
in the air
(gTEq /
year)
Tons of
waste
currently
PCDD/F
(gTEq /
year)
12 Likoni
Health
Centre
30 open
burning
4000 0.015 6 0.22
13 Mlaleo
Hospital
5 Open
burning
0.01 3.7 0.14
Total 15.49 1645.7 7.468
41
Outcome3: Demonstration of sound healthcare waste disposal technologies in a
selected number of healthcare facilities in each county
Table4. The activities for the component for 2020 are summarized in table below
Id. Activity Planned
delivery
date
Actual
delivery
date
Completion
status
Budget
Allocation
Actual
Budget
Expense
1 Procurement
handover and
Distribution of waste
bins, bin liners, PPEs,
trolleys and
packaging cartons for
13 facilities for waste
transportation to
microwave waste
treatment sites
Feb 2020 May 2020 Completed 12,500,000 11,323,308
2. Local travel Visit to
Mrima Model health
facility (Likoni in
Mombasa) to learn
more on waste
segregation and
simple incineration
practices (4 officers
from each county and
Project management
Unit)
Nyeri outspan visit
Done Feb 2020 Completed 1,676,000
1,479,680
3. Consultancy services
to do comparative
study on burn and
non-burn
technologies in
HCWM.
Jan 2021 Feb 2021 Ongoing 6,050,000 1,211,800
4 Support project
health facilities to
measure, record and
report on monthly
basis the quantities of
Continuous Continuous ongoing 0
42
waste treated
through non- burn
technologies
5 Procure, install, test
and or retrofit the
selected incinerators
with APCS in at least
4 HCFs and make
them comply with
requirements of
Stockholm
convention on
incineration.
Dec 2020 March 2021 Contract
stage-
ongoing
20,000,000 0
6 Ashpit BQs and
design development
Dec 2020 Feb 2021 Ongoing 0 442,800
Total Amount Component 3 14,457,588
In general, the following has been done for this component in 2020
i. Conclusion of procurement process for some tenders for commodities.
ii. TEQ calculations and MOU Meetings held successfully with the 13 Project
Facilities used to determine what type of burn or non-burn technology is
appropriate.
iii. Incinerators audit for selected facilities held.
iv. Completion of the microwave housing and installation of Microwave and
shredders unit in Port Reitz Hospital and is now awaiting start.
v. Search for a site for a state of art incinerator for the medical waste incinerator
with the Japanese Government\.
vi. Scientific policy Meeting brought key experts together to discuss linkages
between environment chemicals and non-communicable diseases.
vii. Ministry of Health and Council of Governors held an assessment of status of
implementation of the microwave project in 10 Hospitals.
viii. Medical waste transportation Truck specifications developed and approved by
the chief mechanical engineer. MoH to submit the request for the trucks.
43
Output3.1.1: Feasibility study and term of reference for non-combustion or Low-U-
POPs emission technologies for healthcare waste disposal in selected hospitals or
waste management facilities.
Photo 5: Burning Chamber at Likoni Photo 6:Stored Material to be burnt in the
Hospital open
A consultancy to carry out an efficiency tests between burn and non-burn technologies
awarded and is in progress
Incineration review
Under this output, a double-chamber incinerator to be procured for Naivasha sub
county hospital..
Mbagathi and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Referral Hospital were also assessed to be
upgraded with proper Air Pollution Control System to ensure the fulfilment of
Stockholm Convention recommended BAT standards for the release of U-POPs.
Both were selected to be upgraded to SC compliance status.
44
Outcome 3.2 BAT/BEP technologies for the disposal of healthcare waste successfully
established and demonstrated, with a potential reduction of U-POPs emissions in the
order of 19gTeq/year
An inspection for these facilities were done
Photo 7: Autoclave at Mombasa Coast General Hospital
The MOH is implementing non-burn practices in many of the project counties. Nakuru
County is already committed to non-burn in her HCF. It is also suspected that the
19gTeq might not be the 100% as waste generated could be more compared to the
estimates of 2015 during the PPG stage. The technical committee is to calculate the
present TEQs after the initial baseline assessments have been finalized. It will not take
long as they have already been done and only a confirmation or a change of the 19 Teqs
is required of the level of emissions. It is therefore suggested that the 19Teqs target
could remain as a moving target.
45
Table 5; Calculation of Teqs for The 13HCFS Calculations Feb 2020
No HCF Number
of beds
Disposal modality /
Comments
Emission
factor
Tons
/
daily
PC
DD/
F
(gT
Eq /
year
)
To
ns
of
wa
ste
cur
ren
tly
PCD
D/F
(gTEq
/
year)
1 Mbagathi sub
county Hospital
400 The stack of the
single-chamber
incinerator is
clogged.
40000 0.21 3.07 77 0.23
2 Mama Lucy Kibaki
County Referral
Hospital
130 Has two double
chamber
incinerators
without APCS and
one is not
functional
3000 0.15 55 0.16
3 Mathari Mental
Hospital
100 Open burning 4000 0.065 24 0.95
4 Naivasha
Subcounty hospital
240 A minimal part of
the waste is burnt
in a basic
incinerator, whilst
most of them are
dumped in a pit
and burnt.
40000 0.126 1.84 46 1.84
5 Nakuru general
hospital
400 Most of the waste
are burnt in the
open air
40000 0.21 3.07 112
1
0
6 Kisumu County
hospital
200 Small double
chamber incinerator
without ACPS
3000 0.105 0.11 40 1.54
7 Kombewa County
Hospital
41 Double chamber
incinerator without
ACPS
0.054 20 0.06
8 New Nyanza
teaching hospital
650 Recently installed
double chamber
incinerator without
3000 0.2 0.22 73 0.108
46
No HCF Number
of beds
Disposal modality /
Comments
Emission
factor
Tons
/
daily
PC
DD/
F
(gT
Eq /
year
)
To
ns
of
wa
ste
cur
ren
tly
PCD
D/F
(gTEq
/
year)
ACPS
9 Ahero sub-district
hospital
60 Open burning 40000 0.031
5
0.46 12 0.46
10 Mombasa coast
hospital
700 Dumped in the
open - possibly
open burning
40000 0.367
5
5.3 134 0.4
11 Port Reitz hospital 178 Dumped in the
open - possibly
open burning
40000 0.093
45
1.36 34 1.36
12 Likoni Health
Centre
30 open burning 4000 0.015 6 0.22
13 Mlaleo Hospital 5 Open burning 0.01 3.7 0.14
Total 15.4
9
164
5.7
7.468
Establishment of the baseline stack emission levels from incinerators in healthcare
facilities of Kisumu Nakuru Nairobi and Mombasa Counties.
The UPOPs reduction project under the 3rd quarter planned to establish the baseline
stack emission levels from the incinerators within the health facilities in the four project
counties of Kisumu Nakuru Nairobi and Mombasa. In this regard staff from the
Ministry of Environment and Forestry; National Environment Management Authority;
in collaboration with the Ministry of Health carried out an assessment of the compliance
of these incinerators to the requirements stipulated under the 3rd schedule of the Waste
Management Regulations of 2006 and the guidance pack on application for the emission
license on stack emission measurements.
Most burn facilities are rudimentary as in Photo5(a). the ideal would be a facility like
in (b) with complex units.The project is aiming at a facility in (c)
47
Photo 8: standard medium technology burner
Table 7(a)Demos fort incinerator (b) sketch of SC compliant and (c)
The assessment included incinerator:
a) Determination of the installed and operating capacities;
b) Determination of the stack diameters;
c) Determination of the stack heights;
d) Determination of the location of the flow disturbances;
e) Determination of the port sampling ports;
f) Review of the SOPS and Review of the maintenance program among others.
This criterion was used to analyse the bids for SC compliant incinerator for the
Naivasha sub-county hospital and for upgrading those at Mbagathi and JOORTH
hospitals.
An advertisement was placed for an incinerator. The responses indicated that most
bids relied on foreign technology for Air Pollution Control. However,
nonecontained technology for monitoring UPOPs. Therefore, Kenya has to
urgently get technology to do so.
Outcome 3.2: BAT/BEP technologies for the disposal of healthcare waste
successfully established and demonstrated, with a potential reduction of U-
POPs emission in the order of 19Teq/year.
48
Table. 6. The expected TEQs reduction in 2020 is calculated from the attached table
No HCF Num
ber of
beds
Disposal modality /
comments
Emis
sion
factor
Tons
of
waste
genera
ted
daily
PCDD/
F
release
d in
the air
(gTEq /
year)
Tons of
waste
currentl
y
PCDD/F
(gTEq /
year)
1 Mbagathi sub
county
Hospital
400 The stack of the single-
chamber incinerator is
clogged.
40000 0.21 3.07 77 0.23
4 Naivasha
Subcounty
hospital
240 A minimal part of the
waste are burnt in a
basic incinerator,
40000 0.126 1.84 46 1.84
5 Nakuru general
hospital
400 Most of the waste are
burnt in the open air
40000 0.21 3.07 1121 0
8 JOPORTH 650 Recently installed
double chamber
incinerator without
ACPS
3000 0.2 0.22 73 0.108
11 Port Reitz
hospital
178 Dumped in the open -
possibly open burning
40000 0.0934
5
1.36 34 1.36
Total 9.56 1645.7 3.538
Output3.2.1: Waste disposal activities of hospital facilities/programs are documented
and their performance is evaluated to exemplify best practices in healthcare waste
management.
The current outputs from the facilities under focus is 9.56 TEQs
With the measures taken 3.54 TEQS
Net gain for UPOPs reduction 6.02 TEQS
Efficiency of burn and non-burn technologies was conducted to determine the Best
Available Technologies and Best Environmental practices in the Kenya UPOP’s project
counties of Mombasa, Nairobi, Nakuru and Kisumu Counties. Based on need for
technology comparison, Nyeri and Uasin Gishu counties were included in the
assessment for both a burn (incinerator) and burn technology (Sterilwave). A total of six
incinerators and five non burn equipments were evaluated in this assessment, they
include diesel fired incinerators, Microwave technologies and medical waste autoclaves.
49
Efficiency test is an evaluation of how well a machine does the tasks that it is designed
to perform. The conceptual framework for this assessment was adapted from Harry L.
Field, John B. Solie6. This waste equipment efficiency conceptual framework looked into
the various aspects of these equipment that may affect the efficient operation, they
include human factors operation), environmental factors (location, turbulence, water
quality, sitting), equipment factors - functionality, maintenance and meeting standards
and stakeholder views.
Mix methods were relayed to assess the different technologies, for the burn
technologies - gaseous emissions were tested, dioxins and furans and bottom ash
analysis. The emissions tested include – PM, CO, NO, SO2, PCDD/PCDF, For the ash’s
analysis for heavy metals – Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic. For the non-burn
technologies, mechanical, chemical, and biological tests were conducted based on
equipment standards. Temperature tests were done in all sites using data logger,
pressure monitoring, other mechanical tests done include the Bowie Dick tests, Water
PH, Hardness tests. In all the sites Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores Log6 were
used as recommended by manufactures of the equipment.
Key findings from the assessment: Tiers of hospitals assessed - Tier 6 – 1, Tier 5 – 3, Tier
4 -4 sites. Tier 6 hospitals generate an average of 2000Kg/waste per day, Tier 5 –
1000kg/day and tier 4 – 350kg/day. 83% (5) of the hospitals had both Burn and non-
burn technology on site, however 66% (4)of the non-burn sites were operational unlike
the burn sites that were all operational at the time of assessment except Kombewa
District Hospital that broke down prior to assessment and replaced with Nyeri PGH
Burn Technologies: 100% of all facilities assessed exceeded emitted of total PM with
limit of 20, PCDD/PCDF exceeding the limit of 1 ng/Nm3 – I TEQ. Other emissions;
NO, SO2 were within the required limits of EMC (Air Quality) 2014. Ash analysis for
Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, and Cadmium: results yet to be released from SGS’s testing
labs.
For Non-Burn technologies, 40 % (3) of the sites visited were fully operational. - Moi
Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nakuru PGH (AMB Ecosteryl) and Outspan Hospital –
Sterilwave, 100% of operators were trained to 0perate equipment On Job, none of them
had taken formal training on operating these types of equipment’s, All the non-burn
equipment achieved mechanical set characteristics – temperature, pressure, and
detention time. All sites had a negative biological test result Geobacillus
stearothermophilus spores Log6. Bowie dick test for the Autoclave in Coast Teaching
and Referral Hospital passed. Based on these results the non-burn technologies present
6Field H.L., Solie J.B. (2007) Equipment Efficiency and Capacity. Technology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36915-0_9
50
a BAT/BEP technologies for medical waste management in the country due to their
working capacity, meeting set mechanical standards. To ensure these technologies are
implored well, institutionalizing preventive maintenance, regular efficiency testing and
continuous on job training will be required.
Photo 11: Handing over of waste management materials at Mbagathi Hospital
51
COMPONENT 4. MINIMIZING RELEASES OF UNINTENTIONALLY PRODUCED
PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM
The activities of 2020 were a continuation ofthe activities of 2019.
Table 7. The activities for this component are summarized in the table below
ID Activity Planned
delivery date
Actual
delivery
date
Completion
status
Budget
Allocation
Actual
Budget
Expenses
1 Engage consultant to
develop training module
on composting and
recycling (Simplified and
popular versions)
June– Sept
2020
February
2021
Awaiting
inception
report
660,000 1,700,000
2 Conduct compost quality
assessment and Sampling
of produced organic
fertilizer from all
composting CBOs with an
accredited
standardization and
certification entity in
Nakuru and Kisumu
Counties.
October-
December
2020
December
2020
Groups
identified for
assessment.
KEBs has
given their
charges for
assessment
2,478,000 343,800
3 Communication materials
printing
June 2020 July 2020 Completed 2,032,000
4 Consultancy for social
economic benefits of
sound chemicals
management and
applications of 3 RS and
Sept 2020 Dec 2020 Final Draft
received
Due for
payment
1,996,491.9 998245.95
5 Consultancy on inventory
of hazardous waste
disposal facilities in
Kisumu, Nairobi, Nakuru
and Mombasa
Sept 2020 Dec 2020 Final Draft
received
Due for
payment
4,981,500 2,490,750
6 Validation of consultancy Sept 2020 Dec 2020 Completed 2,000,000 1,567,104
7 Waste to energy forumn Jan 2020 Dec 2020 Completed 3,000,000 1,212,640
Total Component 4 10,344,539
52
Strategy
In 2020 the focus for this component revolved around practical reduction in the release
of UPOPs due to management of solid waste. Activities focused on the procurement of
equipment and the inventory of wastes. This component also focused on communities
already involved in the informal management of solid waste. This includes;
development of small businesses based on waste separation , recycling and composting.
The reduction in the release of UPOPs was directed at enhancing the “3R” economy and
enabling counties to establish public private partnerships (PPP) schemes. This has been
done withthe support of NGOs that collect, treat and reduce the waste flows being
burnt thus reducing poverty and provide an alternative livelihood for dumpsite
families.
The main activity was to develop environmental economic tools to facilitate
communities.
The targeted reduction in the release of UPOPs by these measures above is 3.0gTEq/ yr.
Output 4.1.1: Awareness raising activities for the communities and the municipalities
aimed at enhancing 3Rs of waste..
The main activities revolved around visiting the sites and documenting ongoing
initiatives that can be up scaled . The information was collected through a geographical
information system (GIS) mapping of legal and illegal dumpsites. Field visits were
made to all the counties to carry out an inventory of waste handlers and promoted a
stop to open burning.
Output 4.1.2: Regulatory framework for the recovery of waste materials (glass,
organic, plastic) and for licensing of the recovery activity at county and central levels
improved to integrate SC requirements.
The Sustainable waste management bill has facilitated a new approach to
creatingbusiness out of waste management. The project initiated the procurement
process for materials and equipment for collection of waste from designated areas and
transport to sites of separation, reclamation, recycling and composting.
53
Output 4.1.3: Counties provided with training, manual, and technical assistance for
the management of solid wastes
\
Photo 9: Recyclers with their stocks Circular economy and the green economy model
Existing models and improvement;
In Kenya there are a few organizations that have embraced a systemic approach to
economic development designed to benefit businesses, society, and the environment.
Green Africa and Taka Taka solutions business models are based on circular economy
that incorporates community (collectors) and environment conservation (through 3Rs).
These models should be encouraged and supported through incentives to expand. The
only gap that exists in their model is the lack of involvement of users. We propose
material recovery facilities (MAREFA model), this is done through CBO and
community groups. Government could provide facilities which can be rented by the
community groups and CBOs..
The GoK could also setup a microfinance that can be used by the collectors strictly for
setting up waste trade shops. From MAREFA model, setting up of waste collection
shops in each sub county will significantly reduce open burning as the waste disposal
method of choice. CBOs and community groups involved in circular economy could
also be facilitated to set-up waste collection points. Most of these groups are operating
on road reserves, public land without authorization and private land which are allowed
for use based on good will which can be revoked any time.
Properly functioning recyclable waste shops will reduce the cost users pay to dispose of
their waste and instead of viewing wastes as a liability, they will view it as an asset
resulting in behavioral change.
54
55
Zero Waste Shops;
We propose that the government encourage and embrace Zero Waste Shops which
enables customers to live a more zero waste lifestyle through eliminating packaging
and encouraging the use of containers from home to fill and refill with bulk
wholefoods, beauty and cleaning products among others. Zero Waste Shops will cut out
wastes from the packaging materials used thus less plastics getting dumpsites.
Microfinancing;
Setting aside microfinance for people involved in circular economy to improve
efficiency especially CBOs. CBOs and community groups main goal is to recycle the
recyclable wastes that they collect, the only hurdle they face is the amount of money
required to procure machineries. They proposed a microfinance setup by the
government for circular economy players to help them acquire the necessary tools.
Electricity subsidies;
Recycling companies use heavy machinery that requires a lot of electricity, most
companies spend a lot of money on electricity which increases the cost of production.
The companies are forced to pass down this cost to recyclers leading to low buying
price of recyclable wastes from the collectors. Through this cycle, the collector is forced
to charge the public for waste collection hence the inefficiency witnessed. Government
should identify the players in circular economy and work out subsidy formula to
reduce electricity cost, by so doing, more money will circulate in the circular economy
encouraging positive behavior by collectors and users.
Needs of practitioners in collection, recycling and reuse
Training;
CBOs and community groups are only involved in one R in circular economy (reduce),
very few are involved in reuse. There is a very good chance of achieving the goal of
involvement in the 3R as most collectors are eager to recycle.
The main problem they face is lack of skills on how to recycle, where to take their
products and high cost of machinery used in recycling. To fully realize the circular
economy, CBOs and community groups must be sensitized and empowered to employ
the 3Rs fully which will increase price and demand of recyclable wastes, and output of
recycling material. With increased demand, the users will be able to get incentives from
recyclable wastes they sort.
56
Collectors restructuring;
It is proposed that CBOs and community groups involved in circular economy in each
county to be under one umbrella association with each collector’s area of operation
clearly defined, to improve efficiency of waste collection. With defined areas of
operation CBOs become more responsible thus ensuring UPOPs generating wastes are
mopped out. The association’s role is to conduct monitoring to ensure collectors’
assigned areas are clean by ensuring there is a mechanism for litter picking, prompt
collection of wastes from residential areas, encouraging residents to be responsible
(separate at source) and open burning is completely eliminated in collection centers.
With the umbrella association the economy of scale will improve. The main hindrance
of a well-functioning circular economy stems from the fact that most CBOs cannot
afford recycling equipment. By having one association, there will be pooling of
resources making the machines more affordable and recycling will increase revenue.
Another advantage of an association is it enhances partnerships, it’s easy for waste
collectors to champion their interests as a unit because many stakeholders and investors
are interested in a well-structured organization. It is easy to organize for empowerment
workshops and seminars. Centralized record keeping system will provide vital
information to the government entities involved in minimizing the impact of hazardous
waste on health and environment. One of them being it is easy to get the volumes of
wastes generated in the county if the collectors have one association that compiles and
keeps records from information provided by its members. It was noted with concern
that most counties involved in this research do not have accurate records of total waste
collected in their county, only Nakuru county association of CBOs and community
groups (NASWAMA) have kept and maintained up-to-date records of all wastes
produced in the county. There is need to enforce this recommendation, it will
tremendously reduce wastes in Kenya.
Elimination of third party between collectors and recyclers;
The middle men between the collectors and recyclers are blamed for derailing full
implementation of circular economy. All waste collectors from users are blaming non-
implementation of circular economy on the midddle men between collectors and
recyclers. The third party is the entity that links collectors and recyclers by buying
wastes at a cheap price and selling at a higher price making a profit of more than 100%.
This has demoralized most collectors leading to poor waste collection and sorting. The
main concern of collectors is third parties’ interest of putting profit before
environmental sustainability. Their presence in circular economy has crippled the cycle
57
and hence there is urgent need to eliminate that part in our circular economy. Instead of
what we have now (user – collector – third party collector – recycler – producer),
collectors and recyclers are proposing (user – collector – recycler – producer) and for a
very efficient system this was proposed (user – collector/recycler – producer), the
shorter the chain the more efficient the circular economy becomes.
Sorting at the source;
There is need for a structured waste collection model from the government which
should be enforced from the source (residential areas). The law should expect every
rental house owner to provide bins for different wastes and enforce it, to make sure
their tenants strictly adhere to it. Sorting wastes at the source will greatly reduce the
cost of cleaning recyclable wastes before they are recycled, medical waste and other
hazardous wastes can be handled better.
Hazardous waste handling by collectors
Most waste collector and a handful of recyclers lack basic knowledge of handling
wastes, empowerment through trainings, seminars, workshops and civic education will
make handling of wastes to be safe and enjoyable. This empowerment will also open
new opportunities in efficient waste reuse and recycling, linkage and partnership
between players in circular economy, management of recycled wastes, safe
transportation of wastes, new and emerging trends in waste recycling and handling
technologies, policies etc.
The new draft policy and bill are critical in that county governments will be required to
dispose of waste within their borders if a new waste management law is adopted. In the
proposed bill by the Ministry of Environment, counties will only be allowed to discard
their waste in other counties if there is an agreed framework for inter-county transport
of garbage.
Riding on the Bill the project is undertaking the following actions.
Communities have been selected for demonstrating plans and actions for the
reduction of solid waste’s open burning by promoting3Rsin waste management
including composting
The county Government of Mombasa selected Big Ship as the community Based
organisation to be engaged and supported in conducting project activities. Other
county’s selected CBOs and their representatives identified will officially be
recognized under the project.
A Memorandum of understanding and community
resources, list of activities, timeframe and quality check modalities are agreed
and signed by government and community re
Photo 10: Composting activities in Nakuru county
Communities in Mombasa county being briefed about plastic reuse at
Modern Soap recycling company
at Kisauni in Mombasa.
Photo 12: Assorted waste at the company and photo final products.
A Memorandum of understanding and community-driven projects on 3R with
resources, list of activities, timeframe and quality check modalities are agreed
and signed by government and community representatives will be made
ing activities in Nakuru county
Communities in Mombasa county being briefed about plastic reuse at
Modern Soap recycling company and Table 10, Communities visiting a SW initiative
Assorted waste at the company and photo 12: plastic flakes and pellets
58
driven projects on 3R with
resources, list of activities, timeframe and quality check modalities are agreed
presentatives will be made.
Communities in Mombasa county being briefed about plastic reuse at Mombasa
Communities visiting a SW initiative
: plastic flakes and pellets
Photo 14: Rejected plastic wastes at
Photo 10: Waste transported to Nakuru Gioto dumpsite
: Rejected plastic wastes at premier plastics ltd to be recycled.
Photo 10: Waste transported to Nakuru Gioto dumpsite
59
60
Component 5
The activities for this component are summarized in the table below
ID Activity Planned
delivery
date
Actual
delivery
date
Completion
status
Budget
Allocation
Actual
budget
expenses
1 Consultancy for
communication
strategy,
completed
April to
June 2020
September
2020
done 1,500,000 1,468,444
2 2020 PIR carried
out
July 2020 July-
August
September
2020
0 0
3 Virtual Project
Steering Control
Meeting
August
2020
August
2020
August
2020
1,000,000 0
4 Monitoring and
Evaluation
Meeting
September
2020
Sept 2020 Completed 350,000 231,900
4 Review project
document in
line with MTR
and project
tracking tool
Jan 2020 Jan 2020 Completed 800,000 904,700
5 Technical
Committee
Meetings to
monitor and
develop
workplans and
report (4)
Jan, April,
July,
December
2020
Jan, Sept,
December
2020
Completed 4,500,000 4,500,000
6 Gender
mainstreaming
consultancy
May 2020 - Not
completed
1,500,000 0
7 Lessons learnt
and
dissemination of
communication
strategy
Jan- May
2020
- Not
completed
1,500,000 0
8 Office
operations
500,000 269,000
Component 5 Totals 7,374,044
61
5.1 Project Implementation Report for the GEF PIR
5.2 Implementing the recommendations of midterm evaluation by UNDP
The MTR was conducted between August and November 2019. The Final Report
submitted on November 2019. UNDP and the Partners rate the outcome as Satisfactory
and participated in coming up with the management responses. The recommendations
clearly identify areas where the project team will need to refocus the ongoing
implementation, to ensure delivery of the project targets, have in place a sound
chemicals management framework for Kenya and track emissions.
The recommendations of the MTR are Annex 1. They informed greatly the 2020 Annual
Workplan
5.3 Management of multilateral environmental agreements
1. Support to GOLD Child, ChemObs, Special Programme, NAP projects
2. One HESA meeting held
3. HCWM-TWG,
4. Consultancy on Communication Strategy
IX. RISKS AND ISSUES
1 Non Prioritization of project Activities by the
partners especially component 1 implementer.
The partners are busy and
preoccupied with many activities
delaying the project activities. This
has led to delays in delivery of the
2019 specific work plan activities. It
was the same in 2019
2 Delay of procurement by UNDP of various
consultancies
This affected component 1 and 2
leading the MTR to label them not
on track
3 Cash flow - ME&F the Implementing Partner
pre-finance some of the activities on which it
leads as allowed under the HACT, on
occasions when the funds did not come
through after their disbursement to the Central
Bank. It could not extend this facility to the
other responsible parties in the project.
The title of the project was changed
on the request of UNDP, when it
changed the National Treasury took
too long to open an account. This
was discussed in a consultative
GOK/UNDP meeting held on ….
4 Account Name The donor was unable to transfer
funds to the implementing ministry
due to the project name at CBK. The
62
donor and the ministry have been
resolving the issue since June,2019.
Fortunately it is now finalized
5 Operation - Under the re-imbursement
financing modality to the IP and direct cash
transfer to the RPs, there have time lags in the
flow of resources and reporting.
The PMU continue to work towards
shorter approval and reporting
frameworks, that is supported with
enhanced M&E and tracking of
delivery.
Partnerships
Table 15.Plastic waste shredded and baled
63
X. LESSONS LEARNED (POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE) AND
RECOMMENDATIONS.
1. There is need to use personnel already timed and to reduce workshop type
forums for capacity building.
2. Enhancing inspection skills to customs officers, imparting knowledge and
handling skills to first responders such as the police and continuous awareness to
the public that come in contact with the goods on transit.
3. Data is key to precautionary and reactive measures to chemical and waste
disposal therefore the engagement of consultants to inform project interventions
is necessary to enable the project meet its objectives.
4. There is need to involve the Ministry’s management to understand how the
project is implemented for smooth operations. During this time, there were so
many changes in Management from the Cabinet secretary to support staffs which
led to delays in Bank account mandates. The project was severely affected since
there were minimal activities done. There is need for early preparation and risk
mitigations in terms of assessing funds
Table 6: Overview of available resources for the
Table 6: Overview of available resources for the project duration 2020
Donor Contribution Type
UNDP Direct Cash Transfer
Direct Payment
GoK Cash
In- Kind
Table 7: Financial summary (Based on Project Transaction details)
Project Output Budget
Component 1 57,326,786
Component 2 15,830,000
Component 3 65,376,000
Component 4 38,054,843
Component 5 22,880,000
Total 199,467,629
Chart 1: Component Budget as a percentage of Total Budgetary Approved
33%
19%
11%
Budget
Table 6: Overview of available resources for the project duration 2018
Table 6: Overview of available resources for the project duration 2020
Total expenses Balance
Year 2020
31,757,314.70
53,292,568.86
1,567,500.00
28,763,700.00
Table 7: Financial summary (Based on Project Transaction details)
Total expenses Balance % utilization
57,326,786 40,562,086.85 16,764,699.15
15,830,000 6,464,022.64 9,365,977.36
65,376,000 14,748,559.16 50,627,440.84
38,054,843 10,481,843.18 27,572,999.82
22,880,000 12,793,371.73 10,086,628.27
199,467,629 85,049,883.56 114,417,745.44
Chart 1: Component Budget as a percentage of Total Budgetary Approved
29%
8%
Budget
Component 1
Component 2
Component 3
Component 4
Component 5
64
project duration 2018
% utilization
71%
41%
23%
28%
56%
43%
Chart 1: Component Budget as a percentage of Total Budgetary Approved
Chart 2: Component expenses as a percentage of Total Expenses
Chart 3: Component utilization percentage
8%
17%
12%
15%
Total expenses
19%10%
13%
26%
% utilization
Chart 2: Component expenses as a percentage of Total Expenses
art 3: Component utilization percentage
48%
Total expenses
Component 1
Component 2
Component 3
Component 4
Component 5
32%
19%
% utilization
Component 1
Component 2
Component 3
Component 4
Component 5
65
66
XI. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
The HCWM M&E framework developed
A liaisons officer from planning department of ME&F appointed to support
PMU in the development of the M&E for the project.
XII. ANNEX 5.3 AWARENESS MATERIALS FROM SELECTED PRINT
MEDIA
ANNEX 5.3 AWARENESS MATERIALS FROM SELECTED PRINT
67
ANNEX 5.3 AWARENESS MATERIALS FROM SELECTED PRINT
68
69
70