sound notes chatfield senior high department of physics
TRANSCRIPT
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Sound Notes
Chatfield Senior High
Department of Physics
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Sound is a Wave
It is a longitudinal
(1-D) wave
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Properties of Sound
Transmission-sound goes through a material
Reflection- waves bounce off at the same angle it was received
Absorption- waves are blocked by a substance (opposite of transmission)
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Transmission in space?
Sound requires a medium to travel
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Speed of Sound
It is variable based upon temperature and density of the material
Approximate values of speed of sound Air (00-) 330 m/s Air (25o) 343 m/s Water-1440 m/s Glass-4550 m/s Iron and Steel- 5000m/s
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Lab 1- Verifying frequency of a tuning fork
Determine period of wave by averaging 10 wavefronts as below and then use f=1/T to
verify frequency
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FFT Curve
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Lab 2-Sound through echo
Find distance of the tube and double it (why?) Use v=d/t to determine the speed of sound in
air.
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Lab 3-Finding Resonance of Tube Find frequency where sound rings out The sound is reflecting off the water and
therefore creates a closed ended tube The is basically a quarter of a wavelength
(why?)
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Resonance in Sound
Wavelengths that have the same amplitude and frequency that result in an increase of amplitude
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Closed Ended Tube (Pipe organ)
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Open-Ended Tubes and Strings(Organ / Guitar String) (1/2
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The decibel
A logarithmic scale that shows the loudness of soundL=10 A A= log L
Table of valuesThreshold of hearing- 0 dBWhisper-20 dBLibrary-40 dBRefrigerator-45 dBRestaurant- 50 dBOrdinary Conversation-65 dBBusy Traffic- 70 dBScreaming Child- 90 dBiPod at Maximum Volume-108 dBCSH Fire Alarm-115 dBThreshold of Pain-120 dBJet Airplane-140 dB
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Frequencies of Sound
The human ear hears sound from the range from 20-20000 Hz
We hear sounds the best from 1000-5000 Hz
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Frequencies of Music
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Range of Audibility of the Human Ear
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Ultrasound (Frequencies above human hearing)
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Beats
Two waves constructively interfering whose frequencies are above or below each other
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The Ear
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Function of the Ear’s parts
Outer ear-pinna-collects sound Middle ear-transmits vibrations to the
inner ear Inner ear-fluid transmitted to hair cells
that have nerve endings (also used for balance)
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Doppler Effect
When an object is moving toward the observer the pitch is higher
When an object is moving away from the observer the pitch is lower
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Sonic Boom
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Sound and Music
Most pure…the Blue Man Group