Sounds in different patternsSounds in different patternsHow do language organize How do language organize sounds to distinguish different sounds to distinguish different words?words?How do languages restrict, How do languages restrict, constrain of sounds?constrain of sounds?How are sounds organized into How are sounds organized into larger constituents (syllables, larger constituents (syllables, words, phrases)?words, phrases)?

Tongue, sound waves, vibration of the fluid in the inner earMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), sonography, digital acoustic analysis

Sound is vibrating airSound is vibrating airVocal tractVocal tractLungs, trachea, larynx, Lungs, trachea, larynx, mouth, nosemouth, nose

Get air moving, vibrating, Get air moving, vibrating, shaping movement in shaping movement in different waysdifferent waysPull down diaphgramPull down diaphgramEnlarge the lungs with airEnlarge the lungs with airDiaphragm relaxes, ribs Diaphragm relaxes, ribs contract, squeezing contract, squeezing lungs, air is out lungs, air is out

Cartilage – Larynx Cartilage – Larynx (adam’s apple)(adam’s apple)Vocal cords (folds) - 2 Vocal cords (folds) - 2 fold of soft tissuefold of soft tissueCorrect position with Correct position with tension – air is flowing tension – air is flowing out of tracheaout of tracheaFaster vibration – higher Faster vibration – higher pitch of the voicepitch of the voice

Epiglottis – prevent Epiglottis – prevent foodfoodPharynx – tongue Pharynx – tongue freedomfreedom

MouthMouthActive articulators – passive Active articulators – passive articulatorsarticulatorsTo shape speech sounds as To shape speech sounds as the air passes through the the air passes through the vocal tractvocal tract