South Africa: The Rise of Apartheid

Chapter 13 South AfricaSection 2

Apartheid Through out the Decades

After gaining independence from England, Afrikaner National Party gained majority in 1940s

1948-National Party-invented apartheid to establish white domination and separate races further

1950s – “Petty Apartheid” established – “classification and registration of Black and Coloured South Africans”

1960s- “Grand Apartheid” established - “territorial separation and police repression”

1948 Elections The national Party represented

the white Afrikaners The won the election base on

the slogan of Apartheid White South Africans wished

to have a country that was separate from black South Africans.

They created the system of Apartheid that was meant to segregate against other races and eventually have them live in separate areas of the country.

Population Registration Act

1950-Population Registration Act

-Divided South Africans into white, black (Africans), and colored (mixed descent)

-Based on appearance, social acceptance, and descent

-Blacks-forced to carry “pass books” holding fingerprints, photograph, and information on access to non-black areas

1950 Group Areas Act Created basis for ethnic

government in African reserves or “homelands”

Each race was assigned a different homeland

Black political rights restricted to designated homeland, but had no rights in South African Parliament, which had complete control over the homelands

District 6

Sophiatown

Mixed Marriages Act In 1949 South African

officials banned mixed marriages and relationships between different races.

White South Africans believe that their race should be pure and non-diverse

This devastated many families that were considered to be of mixed race

Apartheid and Education

Just as it was in the United States during the ‘separate but equal” laws, South Africa had segregated schools during Apartheid

Black schools were dramatically inferior to those of whites

Black college students were not allowed to attend white schools and black schools prepared them to become laborers

Apartheid and Women Women were extremely

segregated against during Apartheid

They were denied land, schools, rights to vote and jobs.

Their marriages and children were controlled by the government in an effort to control black populations

Activity Sheet A – South African Apartheid Legislation

Complete the questions Complete the Objective You may work in pairs Due on Friday

South Africa and the Homelands

Bantustans Between 1960 and 1985, 3.5 million Africans were moved

by force Ten homelands were located to different black ethnic groups

within the race: Lebowa QwaQwa Bophuthatswana KwaZulu KaNgwane Transkei and Ciskei Gazankulu Venda KwaNdebele

Bantustans

Homelands and Restrictions

During the 1960s-1980s, South African government created a system of resettlement to remove other races from “white areas”

Each territory had a chief that worked for the Afrikaner government. Many of these “leaders” were politically corrupt and greedy.

Homelands were located in the most poverty-stricken and isolated regions of South Africa.

Mostly populated by women and children, since men were the only ones allowed to live in the city.

Homelands and Restrictions

Anyone that belonged to a homeland, had their South African citizenship removed. Legally they had no rights under the South African government

Homelands controlled their own systems of education, police, and healthcare. However, these were underfunded by the government

Public services and amenities were segregated, and very often where not available in black homelands (i.e. movies)

Churches were segregated and could forbid the entrance of black South Africans as well

Independence and Territories

Independence of Bantustans

White South Africans removed black rights and citizenship on purpose.

Apartheid government after separating races into territories, gave them the option of becoming independent from South Africa and creating their own nation.

These “nations” would have no funding or support from the South African government (although they did benefit from black labor)

Members of annexed homelands would have to carry passports into South Africa

Independent homelands were never recognized as nations by the global community or the continent of Africa

1953- Public Safety Act and Criminal Law Amendment Act

Gave government power to declare states of emergency, increasing punishments for protesting against or supporting repeal of a law: fines, imprisonment, whippings

1960-Government declared state of emergency when large group of blacks in Sharpeville refused to carry their passes Emergency lasted for 156

days, 69 people dead and 187 people wounded

Who does Apartheid Benefit?

A revolution was beginning…

Activity Complete sheet B and study for South Africa

Section 2 quiz You must complete the questions and the

challenge activity You may work in pairs Both Sheet A and B are due Friday.