South Carolina South Carolina in the Early 1700sin the Early 1700s

•1729 King George I 1729 King George I accepted the accepted the request to make SC request to make SC a royal colonya royal colony

The Thirteen Colonies

Changes in the ColonyChanges in the Colony• SC would change in several ways after SC would change in several ways after

becoming a royal colony.becoming a royal colony.

– The economy would be benefited when The economy would be benefited when the _____ of _____ increased subsides, the _____ of _____ increased subsides, which allowed higher profits, for naval which allowed higher profits, for naval storesstores

– Also, the Board allowed the colony to Also, the Board allowed the colony to trade directly with foreign markets. trade directly with foreign markets.

• This also increased rice profitsThis also increased rice profits

• Creation of a new colony out of the southern Creation of a new colony out of the southern portion of SC.portion of SC.

– Georgia Georgia

• Created for two reasonsCreated for two reasons

–As a ____ _____for protection from As a ____ _____for protection from Spanish Florida.Spanish Florida.

–As a prison colony for debtors.As a prison colony for debtors.

– Problems with the new colonyProblems with the new colony

• While it did create a sense of security for While it did create a sense of security for SC’s inhabitants, it also resulted in less SC’s inhabitants, it also resulted in less land being available to South Carolinians.land being available to South Carolinians.

• Became a safe haven for runaway ______.Became a safe haven for runaway ______.

• Created competition in ____ production.Created competition in ____ production.

Two Different South CarolinasTwo Different South CarolinasLow CountryLow Country• All early settlements in SC were built along the coast, so all All early settlements in SC were built along the coast, so all

the high quality infrastructure was located in the tidewater the high quality infrastructure was located in the tidewater region of the ____ _______. region of the ____ _______. – Many of the most important colonists or “Downers” Many of the most important colonists or “Downers”

lived there, and it would be the most important region lived there, and it would be the most important region for many years.for many years.• Home for most of wealthy plantation owners and Home for most of wealthy plantation owners and

exporters.exporters.• Most of the representatives of the Assembly came Most of the representatives of the Assembly came

from this region.from this region.• Most of the slaves were located there.Most of the slaves were located there.• Where most of the wealth was located.Where most of the wealth was located.• Most of the law and _______ were located in the Low Most of the law and _______ were located in the Low

Country.Country.

That Other SCThat Other SCUp CountryUp Country• Largest part of the colony.Largest part of the colony.

– By the mid 1700s the majority of the white By the mid 1700s the majority of the white population was located here.population was located here.• Not well or fairly represented in the _________ Not well or fairly represented in the _________

until 1860.until 1860.– The majority of the population were poorer The majority of the population were poorer

subsistence farmers.subsistence farmers.• Fewer ________Fewer ________

– Would benefit when the Board of Trade created Would benefit when the Board of Trade created eleven townships to encourage settlements.eleven townships to encourage settlements.• The more settlers in the Up Country meant more The more settlers in the Up Country meant more

protection from Indians.protection from Indians.• Not an easy place to live.Not an easy place to live.

– ________ attacks were more frequent.________ attacks were more frequent.– To get anywhere they had to walk long distances on To get anywhere they had to walk long distances on

poor ______.poor ______.

Two Distinct RegionsTwo Distinct Regions• So different but one colony.So different but one colony.

–The settlers had different cultural The settlers had different cultural backgrounds.backgrounds.

–Farms were different in size.Farms were different in size.

–Level of Education was better in Level of Education was better in the Low Country.the Low Country.

–Courts and Law more abundant in Courts and Law more abundant in the tidewater.the tidewater.

The Regulator MovementThe Regulator Movement• Law and OrderLaw and Order

– When there were few settlers there was little When there were few settlers there was little need for _______ and ______ in the Up Country.need for _______ and ______ in the Up Country.• But with the creation of the _________ a But with the creation of the _________ a

population boom occurred. population boom occurred. –Drifters, outlaws, and horse thieves also Drifters, outlaws, and horse thieves also

boomed.boomed.• ________ began to attack honest people and ________ began to attack honest people and

could not be brought to justice.could not be brought to justice.– Because most of the Assembly was from the Because most of the Assembly was from the

____________, the request for courts and ____________, the request for courts and sheriffs went unanswered.sheriffs went unanswered.• This is one of the biggest and earliest This is one of the biggest and earliest

conflicts between the Up and the Low.conflicts between the Up and the Low.

The Up Country Strikes BackThe Up Country Strikes Back• 1767 the Uppers had enough.1767 the Uppers had enough.

– Vigilantes began to provide justice as they saw fit.Vigilantes began to provide justice as they saw fit.• They were called ______________.They were called ______________.

– Often abused justice and the rights of the Often abused justice and the rights of the accused.accused.

• Some were wolves in sheep’s clothing.Some were wolves in sheep’s clothing.• The Governor Montague tried to stop the RegulatorsThe Governor Montague tried to stop the Regulators

– First he condemned them, then asked for more First he condemned them, then asked for more ______ but nothing stopped them.______ but nothing stopped them.

• Finally, the Assembly passed the _____________________.Finally, the Assembly passed the _____________________.– Established seven courthouses and sheriffs.Established seven courthouses and sheriffs.

• Helped provide justiceHelped provide justice• But, and this is a BIG BUT, Do you like BIG BUTS?But, and this is a BIG BUT, Do you like BIG BUTS?

– It improved the moral of the Up CountryIt improved the moral of the Up Country

It’s Your TurnIt’s Your Turn• You are a European settler arriving in You are a European settler arriving in

SC in the 1700s.SC in the 1700s.–Where would you settle?Where would you settle?–What are the disadvantages?What are the disadvantages?

• You are an Upper. You are upset that You are an Upper. You are upset that your pleas for justice have not been your pleas for justice have not been answered by the Assembly. You plan a answered by the Assembly. You plan a protest march on the Assembly.protest march on the Assembly.–Make a protest sign.Make a protest sign.

• How do you feel?How do you feel?

Indian RelationsIndian Relations•Settlement of the _________ Settlement of the _________ created problems with the created problems with the _______._______.•The ______ still had hard The ______ still had hard feelings as a result of earlier feelings as a result of earlier Indian ___Indian ___. .

Building AlliancesBuilding Alliances• After the Yemassee War, SC and the resident Native After the Yemassee War, SC and the resident Native

Americans were at peace.Americans were at peace.• However, trouble would begin in 1729 when French However, trouble would begin in 1729 when French

fur traders pushed the Cherokee for a treaty to trap fur traders pushed the Cherokee for a treaty to trap on their landson their lands– The French were a major enemy of the British.The French were a major enemy of the British.

• The British in 1730 began negotiations for their own The British in 1730 began negotiations for their own treaty with the Cherokee. treaty with the Cherokee. – The Cherokee signed a letter of friendship with The Cherokee signed a letter of friendship with

the British.the British.• The Indians thought they were now allies and The Indians thought they were now allies and

could count on the British to fight with them.could count on the British to fight with them.• The British thought that the Indians were now The British thought that the Indians were now

subjects of the King, and would now have to subjects of the King, and would now have to follow the King’s laws. follow the King’s laws.

A Lasting Peace??? Well…A Lasting Peace??? Well…• For almost 30 years the peace lastedFor almost 30 years the peace lasted

– The British did not take any of the Indians’ land in the The British did not take any of the Indians’ land in the west.west.

– The British even negotiated fairly so they could build The British even negotiated fairly so they could build 4 forts to protect them from the French and Spanish.4 forts to protect them from the French and Spanish.

• 1755, the British and Cherokee sign the 1755, the British and Cherokee sign the _____________________._____________________.– The Cherokee agreed to recognize all British _____ as The Cherokee agreed to recognize all British _____ as

their leaders and turn over all of their lands.their leaders and turn over all of their lands.– The British promised to stop the sale of ____, provide The British promised to stop the sale of ____, provide

more Indian traders, and guarantee fairer _____ and more Indian traders, and guarantee fairer _____ and better goods.better goods.• In Indian Giver fashion, the British failed to follow In Indian Giver fashion, the British failed to follow

through.through.

War with the CherokeeWar with the Cherokee• The British Governor Lyttelton could not control The British Governor Lyttelton could not control

the Indian traders and slowly the relationship fell the Indian traders and slowly the relationship fell apart. apart. – Instead of meeting with the Cherokee, Lyttleton Instead of meeting with the Cherokee, Lyttleton

embargoed the Indians, stopping all trade, in an embargoed the Indians, stopping all trade, in an attempt to force them to cooperate.attempt to force them to cooperate.• In reaction, 1759 the Cherokee started In reaction, 1759 the Cherokee started

attacking the Western settlements. attacking the Western settlements. • 31 chiefs had gone to negotiate peace were 31 chiefs had gone to negotiate peace were

held hostage at Fort Prince George. held hostage at Fort Prince George. • The Indians attacked the fort.The Indians attacked the fort.• For revenge the British killed all the hostages. For revenge the British killed all the hostages.

Cherokees at WarCherokees at War• The Cherokee killed hundreds of the The Cherokee killed hundreds of the

Uppers.Uppers.

– A benefit of being a royal colony, 1200 A benefit of being a royal colony, 1200 British troops were sent to fight.British troops were sent to fight.

• They burned the Cherokee villages and They burned the Cherokee villages and crops, also killing the women and crops, also killing the women and children. children.

• 1760, 1600 more troops were sent, they 1760, 1600 more troops were sent, they drove the Cherokee into the mountains.drove the Cherokee into the mountains.

– This brought the fighting to an end.This brought the fighting to an end.

The Treaty of AugustaThe Treaty of Augusta• 10 November 1763, the Cherokee, 10 November 1763, the Cherokee,

Chickasaw, Catawba, and Choctaw signed Chickasaw, Catawba, and Choctaw signed the Treaty of Augusta.the Treaty of Augusta.

– In exchange for a small reserve of land In exchange for a small reserve of land near Rock Hill, the Indians agreed to stop near Rock Hill, the Indians agreed to stop fighting and give up much of their land.fighting and give up much of their land.

– Also a border line was to be drawn so that Also a border line was to be drawn so that no whites could settle in the West.no whites could settle in the West.

• Proclamation of 1763 enforced this Proclamation of 1763 enforced this agreement.agreement.

Paradise LostParadise Lost• All the problems could have been All the problems could have been

avoided had the British not failed to live avoided had the British not failed to live up to their agreements. up to their agreements.

–Cause by failure to negotiate fair Cause by failure to negotiate fair prices, and ideas of land ownership.prices, and ideas of land ownership.

• Each side had lost trust in the other. Each side had lost trust in the other.

It’s Your Turn!It’s Your Turn!

• What could have been done to avoid What could have been done to avoid the bloodshed?the bloodshed?

A Changing ColonyA Changing ColonyThe first _____ in the Americas were The first _____ in the Americas were not slaves but Spanish explorers.not slaves but Spanish explorers.The First permanent Africans in the The First permanent Africans in the North America were indentured North America were indentured ____.____.Later Africans were brought as Later Africans were brought as indentured servants but eventually indentured servants but eventually were held in s_____, because Indian were held in s_____, because Indian ______ had not worked out. ______ had not worked out.

Slavery in South CarolinaSlavery in South Carolina• Slavery in SC was differentSlavery in SC was different

– The first slaves were brought from The first slaves were brought from Barbados.Barbados.

• Large-scale slavery began in 1690s when Large-scale slavery began in 1690s when economic success started.economic success started.– By 1700 there were a few thousand but, and By 1700 there were a few thousand but, and

this is a BIG BUT, by 1770 there were more this is a BIG BUT, by 1770 there were more than 80,000.than 80,000.• The total population of SC at this time The total population of SC at this time

was only 130,000was only 130,000–The slavery was so cruel that there The slavery was so cruel that there

were slave rebellionswere slave rebellions

The Stono RebellionThe Stono Rebellion• The most famous of all slave revolts in SC.The most famous of all slave revolts in SC.

– Two causesTwo causes• CrueltyCruelty• In 1738, a Spanish law offered freedom to any slave In 1738, a Spanish law offered freedom to any slave

who escaped to ________.who escaped to ________.– This law gave good reason for slaves to revolt or This law gave good reason for slaves to revolt or

runawayrunaway• Sixty slaves killed 20 white settlersSixty slaves killed 20 white settlers• The state militia killed 40 slavesThe state militia killed 40 slaves• Fearing future revolts the Assembly passed the slave codeFearing future revolts the Assembly passed the slave code

– Set penalties for cruel treatmentSet penalties for cruel treatment– Put slaves under tighter controlPut slaves under tighter control

• These actions did not stop all revolts but made it These actions did not stop all revolts but made it more difficultmore difficult

EducationEducation• Education was different for different Education was different for different

groupsgroups• At first an educational system did not At first an educational system did not

exist.exist.• The original reason for an education The original reason for an education

was so people could read the Bible.was so people could read the Bible.• SC leaders believed it was the SC leaders believed it was the

responsibility of the parents to educate.responsibility of the parents to educate.– So only ______ children were educated.So only ______ children were educated.

Free Schools??? Really???Free Schools??? Really???• The first free schools in SC required the students to pay a The first free schools in SC required the students to pay a

tuition.tuition.– the only thing free about them was the land given for the the only thing free about them was the land given for the

schools to be built on.schools to be built on.• However, 12 needy children were to be educated for However, 12 needy children were to be educated for

free.free.• Even with the schools, many of the wealthy families sent Even with the schools, many of the wealthy families sent

there children to private schools.there children to private schools.• Poor families were less likely to send children to school at all.Poor families were less likely to send children to school at all.

– The parents were mostly illiterate and did not see the value The parents were mostly illiterate and did not see the value of educating their children.of educating their children.

– Also, farmers needed their children home for help.Also, farmers needed their children home for help.• The majority of the SC population would remain illiterate for The majority of the SC population would remain illiterate for

most of the 1800smost of the 1800s– And most of my students show strong signs of it!!!!!!And most of my students show strong signs of it!!!!!!

• Many of the colonial attitudes toward education still exist in Many of the colonial attitudes toward education still exist in SC today!SC today!

Education for BlacksEducation for Blacks• Education was even less available for Education was even less available for

______.______.

• Most slave owners did not want their ______ Most slave owners did not want their ______ educatededucated– A slave who understood the concept of freedom A slave who understood the concept of freedom

may revolt or escapemay revolt or escape– A racist belief that also existed that Blacks were A racist belief that also existed that Blacks were

incapable of learning.incapable of learning.

• Some _______ organizations started Some _______ organizations started educating slaves for the purpose of saving educating slaves for the purpose of saving their souls.their souls.

A Growing PopulationA Growing Population• SC had one of the fastest growing populations of the SC had one of the fastest growing populations of the

British colonies.British colonies.– But, and this is a BIG BUT, it was not capable of But, and this is a BIG BUT, it was not capable of

sustaining the population until 1770.sustaining the population until 1770.• Cause being disease, Indian wars, infant mortality, Cause being disease, Indian wars, infant mortality,

and poor sanitation raised the killed rate.and poor sanitation raised the killed rate.– No forms of modern medicine to combat diseases.No forms of modern medicine to combat diseases.

• Children mortality rate was as high as 80 percentChildren mortality rate was as high as 80 percent• ¼-½ of adults who lived to be 20 were dead before 40¼-½ of adults who lived to be 20 were dead before 40

– In some places death rates were higher than birth In some places death rates were higher than birth ratesrates

• The really BIG OL’ BUT was that the population only The really BIG OL’ BUT was that the population only grew because more immigrants and slaves kept grew because more immigrants and slaves kept arriving, raising the population.arriving, raising the population.