southern regional education board hstw connecting reading and writing with effective strategies...
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Southern
Regional
Education
Board
HSTW
Connecting Reading and Writing with
Effective Strategies
Renee Murray
October 2, 2008
Southern
Regional
Education
Board
HSTWEssential Questions
Why do we need to change the way we assign reading?
How will understanding text structures help students read better?
Which literacy skills are the most important for students to master?
What strategies will help students master essential literacy skills?
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Protocols
“Sandy” agendaTwo-feet ruleTry!Respect others’ comments.
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Where are we?
Based on your experience, what is the problem?
Spend one minute writing.Spend two minutes sharing.
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HSTWWhere are we?
Half high school graduates have necessary reading and writing skills (ACT)
40% seniors proficient readers (NAEP) Half of high school graduates plan to get an
advanced degree (FSU) Half of high school graduates failed to meet
the college readiness benchmark for reading and one-third failed to reach the benchmark in English composition (ACT 2005)
70 percent of the college instructors dissatisfied with their students’ ability to read and comprehend complex materials and half said they were dissatisfied with students’ ability to express complicated ideas in writing. (Achieve)
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HSTWInternational Center for Leadership in Education:
“the readability levels of workplace documents, forms and text sources are higher than many people would have imagined, higher, in fact, than much of the reading material that students use in educational settings.”
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Where are we now?
What is the current state of literacy among high school students in the United States?
What is the disconnect with postsecondary studies?
How does this impact my understanding of my students?
What, if anything, do “we” need to do differently?
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Jigsaw Articles
Count to 3Each person read one article.Compare with others who read the
same article.Return to original group.Now what do we know?
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How Will Understanding Text Structures Help Students
Read Better?
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Common Text Structures
EnumerationChronological OrderCompare and ContrastCause and EffectProblem/Solution
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Application
Read paragraphsOne of eachLegalized cheating
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Which Literacy Skills are the Most Important for Students to Master?
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The Six
SummarizingParaphrasingCategorizing InferringPredictingRecognizing Academic Vocabulary
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HSTWHow do we know these are important?
Direct links to most items on ASSET/COMPASS reading placement tests.
Included in ACT Consistently in state standards Recognized by postsecondary faculty for
importance Linked to all content areas Linked to careers
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Summarizing
Only skill identified in both Reading Next and Writing Next as improving essential literacy skills
Essential in research and other expository writing
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Paraphrasing
Reduces plagiarism—considered one of the biggest academic “crimes”
Show adaptation for audience and purpose—essential writing skills
Reflects a deeper understanding of material
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Categorizing
Ability to group information into manageable chunks
Essential for study skillsMandatory for problem analysis and
solution—especially in workplace or laboratory
Only easy for naturalist intelligence—must be taught to others
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Inferring
Reading “between the lines”Encourages connection within a text,
across texts and to other contextsShows that a reader “really gets it”
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Predicting
Form of inferencingRequires support for predictionForward thinking based on
backward knowledgeRequired to solve non-routine
problems in the real world
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HSTWUsing academic/technical
vocabulary
Separates success for second-language students
Technical language (jargon)Understanding roots and affixes
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How Can We Help Students Read Better?
Summarizing andParaphrasing Techniques
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HSTWReading and Writing Enhances
Learning
Cornell NotesJigsaw
Groups of 4Take notes on page 10
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2-column note-taking
Step 2:Take notes here; useabbreviations
Step 3:Identifykeyconceptsor questions
Step 4:Summarize lesson here
Step 1:Draw a grid with 3 sections
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Benefits of 2-column note-taking
Many exposures to textMatches most textbook stylesEasy to teachStudy guideDifferentiation
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Teaching Secrets
3-Identify 3 pieces of advice given to new teachers.
2-Explain how the advice fits into 2 categories.
1-Describe one way that taking the advice will help novice teachers.
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3-2-1
Increasing level of difficultyRequires summarizing and
paraphrasingPre- or post-readingRequires teacher preparationStudents can construct.
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How Can We Help Students Read Better?
Vocabulary and Categorizing Strategies
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Story Impressions
Topic: American cities in the late 19th century
Write paragraph with all words on left.
Same order.
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Story Impressions
Pre-readingTeacher preparationStimulates interest Identifies misconceptionsCan connect to word walls or
other vocabulary strategies
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Redefining Rigor
Skim through text Identify five words that are
ImportantSomeone might not know
Put each on separate sheet of paper
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Redefining Rigor
On back, write a predictive definition.
Read article.Use context clues to confirm
meaning.Write definition on front with
word.
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Redefining Rigor
Create categories for words.Now you have a word wall!
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Word Walls
Pre-readingVisual learnersChoices can be surprisingVocabulary and predictionSupports writing
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How Can We Help Students Read Better?
Predicting and InferringStrategies
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Student and Teacher WorkPage 22
For each statement, score on 1-6 scale on left.
Discuss answers with group.Read article. You are looking for
evidence for each statement.Confirm answers on right.
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Anticipation Guides
Set purpose for readingAllow for collaborationEnsures correct notesShould not be triviaSome statements should be
“touch that” and some “between the lines.”
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Metaphors/Similes/Analogies
Learning on conceptual levelAllows for prior knowledge Allows for differentiationStretches understanding
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HSTWMetaphors/Similes
Using literacy strategies to teach is like
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Analogies
Literacy is to ___________
as ________ is to _____________.
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HSTWRAMPS/RAFT
Role
Audience
Format
Topicpage 25
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RAFT
Deeper understandingStudent choiceAuthentic or demonstrating
learningUse to analyze prompts
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Our RAFT
Role: Workshop Participant
Audience: Others in my department
Format: Memo
Topic: What I learned
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How Do I Plan?
ContentSkillLearning StrategyDemonstration Strategy
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How do I teach strategy?
Teacher Talk: 1. Name, 2. How to use, 3. Explicit modeling (“think-aloud”), 4. Examples of when to use the strategy, 5. Possible adjustments for different tasks,6. Usefulness.
Guided practice Independent practice and debriefing
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What Next?
PracticeShare Determine accountabilityRock your world!