soybean aphid efficacy program update 2011 icm conference, ames iowa update on the soybean aphid...
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Update on the soybean aphid efficacy program
Erin Hodgson and Greg VanNostrandDepartment of Entomology
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Outline
• Review of survey to Iowa soybean growers in 2010
• Soybean aphid efficacy evaluation
• Where to get more info, handouts
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Background…
• In 2010, paper survey mailed to every ISA member (4,908)
• 18.5% response rate (903); 24% ac grown
• ?’s about production, pests, information sources
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Survey Goals…
• Encouraged to conduct needs-assessment to stakeholders
• Grower awareness of primary soybean pests• How often are they scouting?• How many acres are being treated with
insecticides?• Where are they getting management info?
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
A decade of changes
• Few economic soybean pests
• Soybean aphid confirmed in 2000– 40% economic loss potential– Quickly became #1 pest– Production costs increased
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
A decade of changes
• 1.1 million fewer soybean acres in Iowa1
• Increased seed prices2
–Up 108% from 2001
• Higher market values1
–$4.54/bu in 2000, $9.97/bu in 2010
1USDA-NASS; 2Neuman New York Times 2010
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Increased insecticide use
• 130-fold increase in soybean since 20001
• ~73% soybean with seed treatment in 2009*
1Ragsdale et al. Ann Rev. Entomol. 2011; *Hodgson et al. Journal of Extension, in press
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Percent increase of soybean acres treated with a foliar insecticide in 2009 compared to 2000 (1,423% average statewide increase).*
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
What are their soybean pests?*
Pest % Primary Pest % EncounteredSoybean aphid 93.8 97.6Bean leaf beetle 5.0 63.0Stink bugs 0.0 7.2Japanese beetle 0.6 17.9Potato leafhopper 0.2 7.0Thrips 0.0 0.9Spider mites 0.3 28.9Caterpillars 0.0 2.9Other 0.2 2.3
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Are they scouting?
• IA growers reported fields are scouted weekly (60%) or every 2 weeks (34%)*
• Fields are scouted by themselves (55%), agribusiness (44%), and/or consultants (32%)*
• 17% use Speed Scouting regularly*
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Newest management tool
• Host plant resistance– Naturally occurring germplasm– Commercially released in 2010– Single gene expression, Rag1– Moderate “killing power”
• Complementary to chemical control• Not widely promoted by industry yet
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Awareness of HPR for SBA
• ~20% IA growers haven’t heard of HPR for SBA*
• ~43% IA growers said they would consider trying HPR*
Rag1 plot (left) and susceptible plot, heavily infested with soybean aphid. Note sooty
mold on the susceptible plants.
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Where are they getting info?*Source % Used % Mostly/Very HelpfulAgribusiness 90.5 89.0Friends, Family 79.9 59.4ICM News 63.2 74.7Field Days 63.1 55.7ISU Personnel 58.6 72.5Websites 57.8 63.8Crop Advantage Series 41.5 70.3Outside Iowa 27.6 33.6ICM Conference 27.2 58.1Other 5.5 91.3
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Survey Summary
• Soybean production has changed– Decision making is more complicated
• SBA is the primary pest• Most are scouting!• Getting info from many sources– Agribusiness is highly trusted– Where is agribusiness getting data?
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
New Survey Goals
• Repeat survey in 3 years• New pests, market?• Improve HPR awareness, IPM
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SURVEY?
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
2011 SOYBEAN APHID EFFICACY EVALUATION
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Methods
• Susceptible: 05RM310021; Rag1: 07JR801843• RCBD, 4 reps/treatment– # trts/location was variable
• 6 rows wide, 50 feet long
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
2011 ISU Research Farm Locations
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Methods
• Sampled control plots weekly until July• Sampled all plots in Aug/Sept• Whole plant counts (20 -> 3)
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Cumulative aphid days = Area under the curve
Economic threshold
Economic injury level
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Methods
• Target application at threshold or R5
• Backpack sprayer– 20 gal H20, 40 psi
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
New for 2011…a 6-row sprayer!
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Johnson Farm Northeast Farm
Northwest Farm• Variable pressure• Late peak >R6• Comparison of
Rag1 and susceptible
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Johnson CAD and Yield ResultsPeak aphids = 110/plant; no yield differences
Rag1 suppressed
aphids
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Northeast CAD and Yield Results
Rag1 suppressed aphids; yield was also lower…
Peak aphids = 425/plant
***
*
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
What is Transform?
• Dow AgroSciences• Sulfoxaflor; sulfoximine class (novel)• Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors• Broad spectrum activity• Targeting fluid feeders • Should be approved for 2012
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Northwest CAD and Yield ResultsPeak aphids = >800/plant
Rag1 suppressed aphids; yield was also higher…
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Research Summary
• Variable aphid #’s between locations– Johnson, Northeast, Northwest
• Fields colonized mid-July, early August
• Applications made R5 (mid-August)
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Research Summary
• Rag1 suppressed aphid growth at all locations
• Seed treatment further reduced CAD
• Foliar application at ET still protected yield
Northwest Farm
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Summary
• HPR to soybean aphid is a new tool– Single gene with moderate resistance– Slowed population growth–Continue to scout–May exceed thresholds– Still need to protect yield
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Summary
• Rag1 plots have fewer aphids• Can prevent ET and insecticides• Rag1 doesn’t cause yield drag– May not be in highest-yielding seed?
• Strongly encourage using Rag1 or Rag1+2
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Acknowledgments
• ISU Farm Managers: Kent Berns, Ken Pecinovsky, Ryan Rusk
• Matt O’Neal, Mike McCarville• Mari Kemis, Brandi Geisinger
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Where to get more information
• ICM News www.extension.iastate.edu/CropNews
• Soybean Aphid www.ent.iastate.edu/soybeanaphid/
• To see more talkswww.ent.iastate.edu/dept/faculty/hodgson
Free pubs and podcasts!
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Please take a copy!
*Speaker evaluations would be appreciated! See me for details.
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
THANK YOU!
@erinwhodgson
Or visit my ISU Faculty webpage to see publications and
presentations!