PRESENTATION ON

Production Of Enamel & It’s function

ContentDefination History of enamel Raw materials Manufacturing process Function of enamel

EnamelDefination: A coloured glassy substance, translucent or opaque, fused to the surface of articles made of metal, glass, etc, for ornament or protection.

Examples for Enamel:The cups are in white porcelain with raised designs in gold and enamel.

Histroy of Enamel

• The word enamel comes the High German word “smelzan” later becoming “esmail” in Old French. Hence the current usage of “smalto” in Italian, “email” in French and German and “enamel” in English.• In history, enamels were initially

applied on firstly gold, then silver, copper, bronze and more latterly on iron and steel.• The earliest known pieces of

enamel can be found in the Nicosia museum in Cyprus and Mycenae.

Raw materials

silicaQuartz

Clay

Micas

Feldspar

The manufacture of enamel

The various stages in manufacturing enamel:

1.The fusion stage.2.Another stage(Alternative fusion process)

The fusion stage• The first step is to

check, weigh and mix the various constituents of enamel.• The “glass” to be

melted at a temperature of between 1100°C and 1300°C.• The most common

process involves using a tunnel furnace where the mixture is introduced at one end and comes out the other.• The mixture remains

in the furnace about an hour. • When it emerges it is

cooled rapidly through a water cooled rolling mill to form a glass sheet.

Another stage(Alternative fusion process)

• An alternative fusion process involves using a rotary furnace into which the constituents are poured, mixed and heated.• After cooling and crushing, enamel frit is obtained.• Enamel frit may be applied in liquid form or may also form of

powder.• In case of liquid form,the addition of certain ingredients

(suspension, refractory,colouring agents, electrolytes and opacifiers), the frit is ground and mixed with water to form a slurry.• When power form is used,the enamel powder obtained does

not require any additives or further treatment at the enameller and can be directly used in powder spray guns.

Function Of EnamelCONSTRUCTION

• Enamelded steel has been used to make mega structure or building construction.

Function Of EnamelIt also used for making cookware

Function Of EnamelEnamel is also used for ceramics

Function Of Enamel• Enamel is also used for jewellery

Function Of Enamel

• Other uses