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TECHFEST IIT BOMBAY 2015-16PROJECT REPORT ON:-GREEN ENERGY BUILDING DESIGN WITH OPTIMISE USE OF ENERGYPresented By:- VAIBHAV RAJORE PIYUSH BARFAAPURVA GUPTA B.E. 3rd year MECHANICAL ENGG.IET DAVV, INDORE (MP)

TEAM ID:- SP1037

CONTENTIntroduction.Different techniques to minimize carbon consumption of electricity.CAD prototype of building.Designing criteria for energy efficient buildings. minimizes operational carbon emission minimizing usage and collecting all the wastage of energy Uniqueness of building regarding low carbon emission.Building material, energy consumption and its cost.

INTRODUCTIONEnergy is an essential part of our daily lives. It is the lifeblood of modern life . It is the single most important resource harnessed by man .Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to the sustenance of a modern economy.Improvement in energy efficiency reduces cost of production & results in environmental benefits, eg. mitigation of global warming by way of less emission of Green house gases in the atmosphere.

CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY

Primary Energy : Fossil fuels like Coal, Oil, Natural Gas etc. which are either found or stored in nature

Secondary Energy : Electricity, Steam etc. converted from Primary Energy

Commercial Energy : electricity, coal, petroleum products & Natural Gas Renewable or Non conventional Energy : Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Tidal energy inexhaustible

Non-renewable or conventional energy : Fossil fuels depleting with time

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY:Sustainable energy refers to a way we can use and reformenergy that is more efficient and less harmful to the environment.Another way of explaining sustainable energy is that it will allowus to meet our present energy needs without compromising theability of future generations to meet their own needs . We can dothis by being more efficient in how we use energy in our daily livesand also by increasing the amount of energy that comes fromrenewable sources such as the wind, the sun, rain waterharvesting.

DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES TO MINIMIZE CARBON CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITYBy insulating walls and windows in buildingsAir conditioning the buildings by using geothermal cooling systems .By installing rain water harvesting system.By installing solar photo voltaic systems to generate electricity.

CAD PROTOTYPE OF BUILDINGISOMETRIC VIEW

GROUND FLOOR

DESIGNING CRITERIA FOR ENERGY EFFICIENTBUILDING1) Minimize Operational Carbon Emissions: As we are much concerned about minimum carbon emission, for this we can use different process like Minimized use of external energy sources using geothermal cooling. Using solar power energy sources as much as possible for ex- solar light, solar water heater. By using greeneries because trees clean the air. Trees helps in absorbing odors and pollutant gases such as sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides etc and provide us with fresh air. Trees shield from ultra-violet rays: Ultraviolet rays are very harmful for anyone and can cause the most common form of cancer i.e. skin cancer. Trees help in protecting from ultra-violet rays as they reduce UV-B exposure by about 50%.

2). MINIMIZES USAGE & COLLECTING ALL THEWASTAGE OF ENERGYA) - By using waste heat coming from chimney in heating of waterB)- By using rain water harvesting system.

3) Minimum day lighting requirement criteria & maximum Solar power use. Nowadays

Nowadays solar lightning method are widely used in buildingThis way we can decrease electricity consumption &minimizecarbon emission.We can arrange panel inclination during the change of seasonUsing bigger &more no. of windows in the house sothat proper light is available during day times.

Here in our building design we are more windows &more ventilated space so that air will circulate inproper cross ventilation form and chances ofhumidity are less.Sun light will enter in all the portion of house duringdaytime.

UNIQUENESS OF BUILDING REGARDINGLOW CARBON EMISSION''GEOTHERMAL COOLING''

It is the method of cooling the building with the minimumemission of carbon .

Heat naturally flows from warmer substances to coolersubstances. For example, if you have a glass full of ice and put iton the table, the ice will melt if the room temperature is above 32degrees Fahrenheit. What is actually happening is the heat fromthe room is flowing to the ice in the glass, raising its temperature.Left alone, both the ice and the room would find equilibrium.

heat pump reverses this, causing heat to flow from coolertemperatures to warmer temperatures. Geothermal heat pumpsact just like air to air heat pumps, but because the temperaturedifferences are much more tempered, the energy required tooperate the system is much less. Heat from the earth can also beused to heat domestic water to 50degree Celsius . In the winter,geothermal heat pump systems remove heat from the earththrough a liquid, such as ground water, antifreeze solutions, orrefrigerants. This heat is then transferred to the indoor air via aheat pump. During summer months, this process is reversed; heatis extracted from the indoor air and transferred to the earththrough ground water or an antifreeze solution. A direct expansion(DX) system uses refrigerant in the ground-heatexchange instead of an antifreeze solution.

HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS1) Forced air heat pump2) Hydronic heat pump

Geothermal heat pump systems are available for use in both forced-air and hydronic heating systems. They can also be designed and installed to provide heating only, heating with "passive" cooling, or heating with "active" cooling. Heating only systems do not provide cooling. Passive cooling systems provide cooling by pumping cool water or antifreeze through the system without using the heat pump to assist in the process. Active cooling systems use the heat pump.

Hydronic heat pump:

In the summer (cooling mode), heat is rejected from the inside of the space, 25 degrees for this example, to the earth, which has a constant temperature of 15 degrees. In this situation, instead of requiring a heat pump to force heat from a cooler to a warmer area, there is a natural flow of heat from the warmer 25 degrees to the cooler 15 degrees. Normally, this process does not require the assistance of a heat pump.

In the winter (heating mode), heat must be extracted from the constant 15 degree earth and discharged to the space being maintained at 25 degrees. Since 15 degrees is well above the 7 degree limitation of heat pumps, one can readily see the savings. Unlike in air source heat pumps, which are commonly found in many homes today, strip electric heat is not required

Air source heat pump :

In the summer (cooling mode), heat is rejected from the inside of the space, 25 degree Celsius for this example, to the ambient outside air temperature of 35 degree Celsius . This rejection of heat from a cooler substance to a warmer substance requires a heat pump to reverse the natural flow of heat.

In the winter (heating mode), heat is removed from the ambient outside air temperature of 10 degrees and delivered to the inside space which is being maintained at 25 degree Celsius . Because this also reverses the natural flow of heat, a heat pump is required. Unfortunately, since the difference in indoor temperature and outdoor temperature is so great, a heat pump alone cannot perform the task. Because of this, back up heat needs to be provided, usually in the form of electric strip heat. It is wired so that the electric strip heat is energized whenever the outside air temperature drops below 10 degree Celsius . Another way to look at this is to say that if the outside air temperature is below 10 degree Celsius , air source heat pumps are not efficient.

This is the CREO designed model of building having water pipe linesfitted in the base of building & performing GEO THERMALPROCESS.

BENEFITS OF GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP SYSTEMThe biggest benefit of GHPs is that they use 25% to 60% less electricity than conventional heating or cooling systems. This translates into a GHP using one unit of electricity to move three units of heat from the earth. According to the EPA, geothermal heat pumps can reduce energy consumption -- and corresponding emissions -- up to 44% compared with air-source heat pumps and up to 72% compared with electric resistance heating with standard air-conditioning equipment. GHPs also improve humidity control by maintaining about 50% relative indoor humidity, making GHPs very effective in humid areas.

Geothermal heat pump systems allow for design flexibility and can be installed in both new and retrofit situations. Because the hardware requires less space than that needed by a conventional HVAC system, the equipment rooms can be greatly scaled down, freeing space for productive uses. GHP systems also provide excellent "zone" space conditioning, allowing different parts of your home to be heated or cooled to different temperatures.

GHP systems have relatively few moving parts and those parts are sheltered inside a building, so the systems are durable and highly reliable. The underground piping often sustain up to 25 to 50 years, and the heat pumps often last 20 years or more.

They usually have no outdoor compressors, so GHPs are not susceptible to vandalism. In addition, the components in the living space are easily accessible, which increases the convenience factor and helps ensure that the upkeep is done on a timely basis.GHPs have no outside condensing units like air conditioners, so there's no concern about noise outside the home. A two-speed GHP system is so quiet inside a house that users usually do not know it is operating.

FROM BUILIDINGHEAT GAIN WALL 110163.41WWALL 26533.13WWALL 310163.41WWALL 43951.19WWALL 57777WWALL 613782WCEILING 1109077.13WCEILING 2109077.13WCEILING 323116.8WCEILING 490668WTOTAL411054.54WFROM ELETRICAL EQUIPMENTS4775WFROM NO. OF PERSONS (24) 1147.68WGRAND TOTAL416977.22W OR 1421892.32BTU/HR

COOLING CAPACITY OF GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP 40tons or 140400w

No. Of geothermal heat pump units are:-

total load on the house cooling capacity of geothermal

= 416977.22w 140400w= 3 units of geothermal heat pump

LIFE CYCLE OF EQUIPMENTS1) Manufacturing PriceAIR CONDITIONERGEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS Mfg. cost of AC is merely depends on the cooling capacity(ton) eg:- 1 ton :- Rs 37590 1.5 ton :- Rs 33599 2.5 ton :- Rs 70600 Mfg. cost of geothermal heat pumps merely depends size of the home, insulation, and climate the amount of heating and cooling needed is calculated, which in turn enables to calculate the size of the heat.

2) INSTALLATION PRICE:- Installation price include cost of labour, cost of materials , contractors. It also depends on both building size and no. of ducts to be installed.

AIR CONDITIONERGEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPWindow unit AC depends on size of the room.For our rooms which are 600 sq. ft installation cost would be Rs 30000.It has very high installation cost as compare to any other heating or cooling systems. So we have to look for the payback period to get the benefit. Rs 6- 10 lakh

3) EQIPUMENT ENERGY CONSERAVTION & POWER DEMAND

AIR CONDITIONERGEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPCOOLING EER POWERCAPACITY CONSUMPTION

2.5 ton 3.09 2825W or8775W COOLING EER COP POWERCAPACITY CONSUMPTION

40 ton 23 3.9 900W or140400w

Drawback of AC :- High carbon emission

COMPARISON B/W ANNUAL COST OF AC AND GEOTHERMAL COOLING

AREACAPACITYPOWER CONSUMPTION ENERGY EFFICINCY RATIO(EER)COST1930 sq. ft8775W or 2.52825 w3.09Rs 123704

ACCAPACITYEERCOPPOWER CONSUMPTIONCOST140400W or 40 ton233.91504WRs 30654

GEOTHERMAL

BUILDING MATERIAL, ENERGY CONSUMPTION & ITS COSTWe are using cemented concrete for construction of roof, beamand external walls, as concrete has good strength. For windows we are using doubled layer glass containinggap between them, which insulate building from externalenvironment For walls we are adopting new method such as brick wallswith air cavity, which protect building from external heatimpactIn our proposed design of energy efficient building inwhich we are using new technology i.e. GEOTHERMALCOOLING and this will minimized our cost of energyconsumption along with low carbon emission. Our CADmodel is also designed in such a way that proper ventilation &maximum daylight are circulated in the building

EQUIPMENTSWATTQUANTITYTIMEWATT HOURLIGHT 12W 9W 3W 4 3 3 8 hrs 6hrs 2hrs 384 162 18Fan 75W 3 8hrs 1800Television 50W 3 4hrs 600Computer 80W 1 3hrs 240Fridge 200W 1 900Iron 1000W 1 10min 166.66Washing Machine 500W 1 1hrs 500

143.12 per floor 4770TOTALENERGY CONSUMED

SOLAR ENERGY ELECTRICAL GRID Initial cost 1.5 Lakh NIL Carbon Emission NIL Varies according to mfg. Process Run time cost NIL Rs 6 10 /kwh Power utilized power generated 162kwh Power consumed 429kwh

BENEFITS OF SOLAR ENERGY COMPARE TO ELECTRICAL GRID

Cost of projectBuilding construction cost-50,00,000/-Solar panel installation cost-1,50,000/-Geothermal cooling system cost-6,00,000/-Installation of air ducts -1,00,000/-Under ground water tank-1,20,000/- Total - 59,70,000/-

ENERGY SCENARIO

85 % of the primary energy comes from non renewable energy sources- fossil sources like coal, oil & natural gas.In the last two hundred years we have consumed 60% of the of the all resourcesAt the current level of energy cons.: -oil to last for 45 years, gas for 65 years & coal for little more than 200 years. Some of the simple measures to save energy st homes & officesSwitch-off the electrical appliances (lights, coolers, ACs etc.) when not required.Maximum usage of sun light during day time.Use of CFLs in place of ordinary bulbs.Adoption of electronic regulators to the fans.Water conservation & Many more.CONCLUUSION

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