Spanish Civil War and Franco Regime in Madrid, Barcelona, and

ToledoNaahid

EspańaNaahid, Trang, Ekta, and India

The triumphal arch was built between the period from 1950 to 1956. It is a

commemorative work urban national army's victory in the race suffered during the Spanish Civil War at the Battle of the City Universitaria.

The Arc is located in one of Madrid's main entrances.

Puerta de la Moncloa

The design for the Air Force building is inspired by the Juan de Herrera, which represented the height of the Spanish Empire. The building was built in amid the

Years of Hunger from 1942 to 1954. Its surprising to learn that the government spent so much money on this

building instead of getting food for the citizens.

Cuartel General del Ejercito del Airela

• This building is known as "La casa de las flores" . It is located in Arguelles, the neighborhood suffered some of the greatest damage in Madrid. Nationalist air raids targeted this area for both its strategic position, a high-altitude front line in defense of the Republic's capital city, and its population of civilian residents who largely supported the Republic.

Arguelles

Madrid celebrates the Fiestas de San Isidro for 9 days, from the Friday before May 15 through the following

Sunday. It's the most important, lively and emblematic Madrid festival of the year. During our walking tour of

downtown Madrid, we saw some elders in colorful dresses taking pictures outside Palacio Real. I think it is great that the elders are trying to keep the tradition and culture alive

in Madrid.

Fiestas de San Isidro

During our trip to Barcelona, we met documentary filmmaker Montse Armengou. She showed us clips from her

two documentaries “Franco’s Forgotten Children” and “Spanish Holocaust”. Her documentaries really opened our eyes to what happened to the Republican people since they

lived in repression during the Franco Regime.

Montse Armengou

This picture shows our visit to Air Raid Refugee Shelter 307 in Barcelona. Barcelona was heavily

bombed during the Spanish Civil War. These shelters were mostly used by the women and

children because the men were out fighting in the Spanish Civil War.

Air Raid Shelter 307

Our tour guide showed us the uncomfortable living situations that those who lived in these shelters had to

accommodate to

Nursing home for people suffering from anxiety

The bathroomThese hallways were surrounded with benches, a lot have them have been

removed

• As soon as we

started our

walking tour, we

saw one of the

bunkers built by

the Nationalists

• This picture, top,

was the outside

view of the

bunker

• This picture,

bottom, was the

inside view of the

bunker from an

aerial

perspective

TRIP TO LA GRANJA (CENTER OF THE

CIVIL WAR INVESTIGATION

VALSAIN)

I thought this

was an picture

moment to

capture. This

picture says

“Viva Espana”.

Our tour guide,

Edu, mentioned

that everytime

you see the

phrase “Viva

Espana”, it

means that the

Nationalists

wrote it. Viva Espana!

This is a

picture of

where the

Nationalist

soldiers held

their ground.

Edu told us

that about 15

soldiers slept

in this tiny

area! Can

you imagine

that?

We walked

through a

bunch of tiny

bunkers. I

took this

picture to

show the

inside view

of the small

pathways

that were

built inside

these

bunkers.

• After visiting

Nationalist

bunkers, we

walked through

the forests to the

Republican

bunker

• The bottom

picture shows the

main Republican

bunker--- more

than 3000 men

held ground here

“Patio 42”

This was one of the Republican burial sites. It was actually built recently in 2007. Our tour guide,

Arturo, mentioned that some of the soldier’s names were known because of their family members and

townspeople. The rest of the Republican soldiers were unknown.

This is a building from the city of Toledo. This is a very historical city where you can see a lot of

Spanish Civil War aftermath. In this particular picture, you can see bullet holes in the building.

When we were in Toledo, Arturo Ruiz Taboada gave us a tour of the city. We came across the International Jesuit House. As

you can see, the brick is discolored. When Franco was in power, he printed his ideology around the city with the two headed eagle. The discolored brick was where the citizens

tried to erase his mark and ideology in Toledo.

International Jesuit House

While in Toledo, we also visited a mass grave. It had over 700 soldiers from the Spanish Civil War. Every tomb had a cross on

it and none of them had any names on it. All the names and dates were kept in the National Crypt at this cemetery.

Mass Gravesite in Toledo

• Colonel Moscardo

held this building

against the

Republican forces

in the Siege of the

Alcazar

• As you can see, it

was completely

destroyed and

now it has been

remodeled

• The Republican

forces kidnapped

Moscardo’s son in

order for the

Nationalists

forces to

surrender the

Alcazar but

Moscardo let his

son die

• This monument

serves as another

strong Nationalist

victory

Alcazar of Toledo

• Mascardo was

compared to

Guzman el Bueno

who sacrificed his

son for the

"greater good" of

the country.

• The Office of

Mascardo was

used as a

propaganda for

Franco to gain

political power..

• Franco used this

story as a way to

defame the

Republicans as

monsters who will

destroy families.

The Office of General Moscardo

La Basilica Click icon to add pictureEl Valle de Los

Caidos

Mixture of Secular

and sacred

Overarching theme

of death, glory and

power

forced

reconciliation for

Spaniards

Signifies Franco's

belief that the

Spanish Civil War

was a Holy war

against the

Republicans

Code of Arms

The eagle holds the

arrows and the yoke

Symbolizes Spain's

apex under King

Ferdinand and

Queen Ysabella

By placing the code

of arms in the

Basilica Franco

basically inscribed

his ideology in the

basilica.

Franco wanted

Spain to return to its

empire and glorious

years under

Ferdinand and

Ysabella.

The CrossClick icon to add picture500 ft cross

surrounding the cross

are the evangelist,

Mark, Luke and John,

as well as the 4

cardinal virtues,

Prudence, Justice,

Temperance and

Fortitude.

The cross gives off a

moral message

It illustrates how

Franco wanted Spain

to return to a moral

society.

In the Basilica there

is an influx of

Catholicism.

The Myth of Franco

By Franco creating the

Basilica he establishes

a myth about himself.

The myth that he

created is one of

Franco restoring Spain

back to it previous

glory and height similar

to the Ferdinand and

Ysabella era.

But in actuality Franco

created something that

is considered as

contrived, hallow and

meaningless due to the

fact that the basilica

was built by forced

prison labor of the

republicans.

The main importance of

the basilica is to keep

the place as a

monument to

remember the past.

The End