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Spanish Grammar Book Delmiro Trogstad

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Page 1: Spanish grammar book 2

Spanish Grammar Book

Delmiro Trogstad

Page 2: Spanish grammar book 2

D •description

O •origin

C •characteristics

T •time

O •occupation

R •relationship

P •possession

E •event

D •date

SER

Page 3: Spanish grammar book 2

H • HEALTH

E • EMOTION

L • LOCATION

P • PRESENT CONDITION

I • -ar: ando

N • -er: vendo

G • -ir: iendo

ESTAR

Page 4: Spanish grammar book 2

SPAK VERBS

ser

ir

da

r

ve

r

hacer

Page 5: Spanish grammar book 2

PRETERITE

• Actions completed• Beginning or end of past action• Snapshot• Narrate series of past actions or events• Specific events

Page 6: Spanish grammar book 2

IMPERFECT

• No reference to beginning or end• Hibitual past actions and events• Movie• Describe physical & emotional states or

characteristics• Time, weather, location

Page 7: Spanish grammar book 2

Preterite/Imperfect Cont.

Page 8: Spanish grammar book 2

CUCARACHA VERBS• Andar- aduv• Estar- estuv• Poder- pud• Poner- pus• Querer- quis• Saber- sup• Tener- tuv• Venir- vin• Conducir- conduj• Producir- produj• Traducir- traduj• Decir- dij• Traer- traj

ENDINGS

-e

-iste

-o

-imos

-isteis

-ieron

Page 9: Spanish grammar book 2

Triggers del preterite

• Ayer• Anoche

Page 10: Spanish grammar book 2

Triggers son los imperfectos

• Hasta que• Cuando• Ojalá

Page 11: Spanish grammar book 2

Irregular Preteriteverb Preterite: action

conocer Conocí a mi mejor amigo en 1980

pensar De repente yo pensé que él era inocente

poder Pude dormir a pesar del ruido de la fiesta

No querer

Me invitó al teatra pero no quise ir

querer El vendedor quiso venderme seguros

saber Elvira supo que Jaime estaba enfermo

tener Tuve un accidente

Tener que

Tuve que ir a la oficina

Page 12: Spanish grammar book 2

Irregular Imperfectverb Imperfect: ongoing action

conocer Conocía a mi mejor amigo en 1985

pensar Yo pensaba que él era inocente

poder Podía hacerlo pero no tuve ganas

No querer Me invitó al teatro pero no quería ir

querer El vendedor quería venderme seguros

saber Elvira sabía, que Jaime estaba enfermo

tener Tenía varios amigos

Tener que Tenía que ir a la oficina

Page 13: Spanish grammar book 2

VERBS LIKE GUSTAR

Aburrir, encantar, faltar, fascinar, importar, interesar, molestar, quedar, caenbien/mal, doler, disgustar, hacer, falta, preocupar, sorprender, apetecer.

• When gustar is follwed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, the singular form of gustar is always used

• Gustar is often used in the conditional to soften a request

Page 14: Spanish grammar book 2

Snake Verbs• Only changes in 3rd

person• e>i: pedir, preferir, competir, repetir, servir, sentir,

venir• o>u: dormir and morir

Snakey Verbs• Only changes in 3rd

person• i>y: oir• e>y: leer, creer

Irregular Preterites

Page 15: Spanish grammar book 2

CAR, GAR, ZAR VARBS

CAR GAR ZAR-qué -camos -gué -gamos -cé -zamos

-caste -casteís -gaste -gasteís -zaste -zasteís

-có -caron -gó -garon -zó -zaron

Page 16: Spanish grammar book 2

DEOMNSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

• always agree in gender and number with the noun they modify

• always come in front of the noun they modifySINGULAR•Este/Esta (this)•Ese/Esa (that)•Aquel/Aquella (that over there)

PLURAL•Estos/Estas (these)•Eses/Esas (those)•Aquellos/Aquellas (those over there)

Page 17: Spanish grammar book 2

Demonstrative Pronounslo, la, los, y las

•Attach to end of infinitive

•Place in front of conjugated verb

ir + infinitive phrases

•Attach to end of –ing verb and add accent to the 3rd to last syllable vowel

Estar + -ing verb

phrases

•affirmative commands: it is attached to end of command with an accent on first syllable vowel

•negative commands: it comes after “no”, before the command

Formal commands

Page 18: Spanish grammar book 2

COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS

• La casa es grande– El granero es más grande que la casa– El castillo es el más grande de todos

• …más…que… (er)• …la/el más…de… (est)

Page 19: Spanish grammar book 2

CONTINUED…

• BUENO- mejor• MALO- peor• VIEJO- mayor• JOVEN- menor• TAN… como

Page 20: Spanish grammar book 2

CONNECTING WORDS

• Aunque- even though• También- also• Mientras- while• A pesar de- in spite of• Pero- but• Por lo todo- therefore• Sin embargo/no obstante- nevertheless

Page 21: Spanish grammar book 2

EL FUTURO

• Yo- infinitive + é• Tu- infinitive + ás• Él/ella/usted- infinitive + á• Nosotros- infinitive + emos• Vosotros- infinitive + éis• Ustedes/ellos/ellas- infinitive + án

Page 22: Spanish grammar book 2

EL FUTURO IRREGULARS

• Decir- dir• Hacer- har• Poner- pondr• Salir- saldr• Tener- tendr• Valer- valdr• Venir- vendr

• Poder- podr• Querer- querr• Saber- sabr• Caber- cabr• Haber- habr

Page 23: Spanish grammar book 2

POR

• Passing through• General rather than specific location• How long something lasts• The cause of something• An exchange• Doing something in place of or instead of

someone else• A means of transportation

Page 24: Spanish grammar book 2

PARA

• For whom something is done• Destination• The purpose for which something is done• To express an opinion• To contrast or compare• To express idea of deadline