spanish grammar[1]
TRANSCRIPT
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SPANISH GRAMMAR
Mateo McCauley
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Ser vs. Estar Ser-to be Estar-to be Estar is a temporary form of “to be”, while
ser is a more permanent form. Ser is used when talking about: time, events,
possession, occupations, characteristics, dates, events, origin, and relationships.
Estar is used when talking about: present progressive, health, emotions, location, and present condition.
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Ser vs. Estar
Ser
• Soy• Eres• Es• Somos• Son
Estar
• Estoy• Estas• Está• Estamos• Están
•Yo soy de México. (I am from Mexico)•Tú estas en México. (you are in Mexico)•Miguel esta muy cansado. (Miguel is very tired)•Es cinco y media. (It is 5:30)
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Preterite
The “Preterite” is a verb that expresses what happened in the past.
A verb is conjugated differently in preterite form, then in present tense form.
Also, a trigger word is used to show that a verb will be in preterite form.Ayer: yesterday Anoche: lastnightAño pasado: past year
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Conjugation of Preterites
-é -amos
-aste
-ó
-aron
-í -imos
-iste
-ió
-ieron
-AR -ER/-IR
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-Car, -Gar, -Zar
These irregular preterite verbs change in the “yo” form.-Car: -qué-Gar: -gué-Zar: -cé
Jugar: JuguéAlmorzar: AlmorcéBuscar: Busqué
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Snake Verbs
Snake verbs are verbs that change in the third person preterite.
• Dormí• Dormiste• Durmío• Dormimos• Durmieron
Dormir
• Serví• Serviste• Sirvío• Servimos• Sirvieron
Servir
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Snakey Verbs
Verbs that change when there are three vowels in a row.
Leer-Leyó Oír- Oyó
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Imperfect Tense
The imperfect tense is the preterite that is used when there is no specific beginning and ending of an event.
-Ar
• -aba• -abas• -aba• -ábamos• -aban
-Er/Ir
• ía• -ías• -ía• -íamos• -ían
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Imperfect Irregulars
Ir
• Iba• Ibas• Iba• Íbamos• Iban
Ser
• Era• Eras• Era• Éramos• Eran
Ver
• Veía• Veías• Veía• Veíamos• Veían
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Spock verbs
Ir/Ser:Fui, Fuiste, Fue, Fuimos, Fueron
Dar/Ver:Di, Diste, Dio, Dimos, DieronVi, Viste, Vio, Vimos, Vieron
HacerHice, Hiciste, Hizo, Hicimos, Hicieron
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Cucaracha VerbsPrefix:
Andar: Anduv- Estar: Estuv- Poder: Pud- Poner: Pus- Querer: Quis- Saber: Sup- Tener: Tuv- Venir: Vin- Conducir: Conduj- Producir: Produj- Traducir-Traduj- Decir: Dij- Traer: Traj-
Suffix-e-iste-o-imosieron
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Trigger Words
Preterite Imperfect
Ayer El año pasado Anteayer La semana pasada El mes pasado El otro día El noche pasado
Nunca Siempre Frecuentemente Mucho Cada día
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Preterite v. Imperfect
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Future Tense
A verb in its future tense is used to talk about the future
In order to conjugate a verb into future tense, attach a suffix to the infinitiveNadar: Nadará
(He will swim)Ir + a + infinitive
○ Voy a comprar
(I will go buy)
Future Tense
• -é• -ás• -á• -emos• -án
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Future Irregulars
Cabr- Pondr- Dir- Habr- Saldr- Har-
Podr- Tendr- Querr- Valdr- Sabr- Vendr-
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Trigger Words
Mañana: tomorrow La próxima semana: next week Próximo mes: next month Próximo ayer: next year
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Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives answer the question “which one”.
They agree in gender and number and precede the noun.
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Demonstrative Adjectives Contd.
This
• Este (M)• Esta (F)
That
• Ese• Esa
That over there
• Aquel• Aquella
These
• Estos (M)• Estas (F)
Those
• Esos• Esas
Those over there
• Aquellos• Aquellas
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Por v. Para
Por Para
Passing through (portal) General location
(portugal) How long something
lasts (porever) The cause of something An exchange (im/export) In place of something
else (I’m por, pay for me) Transportation
For whom something is done (para-tay)
Destination (Paraguay) Purpose for which
something is done Express an opinion Comparison
(comparacion) Deadline (paramedic)
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Connector Words
Aunque: even though Mientras: while Por lo tanto: therefore También: also A pesar de: in spite of Pero: but Sin embargo/ no obstante: nevertheless
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Comparatives/Superlatives Used to compare two things
Mariah es menos baja que Peyton.(Mariah is not as tall as Peyton.)Mariah es más joven que Peyton.(Mariah is younger then Peyton.)
Más que/Menos que Mejor que/Peor que Mayor/Menor que Tan como
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Verbs like Gustar
Aburrir: to bore Encantar: Faltar: to fail Fascinar: to
fascinate Importar: to be
important Interesar: to
interest Molestar: to hate Doler: to hurt Disgustar: to
disgust Preocupar: to
worry Apetecer: to crave