The Boarder landsThe Boarder lands

• This slide show is from Group 2 Spanish.

• After Spain conquered Mexico ( New Spain) from Florida to Calif they had to explore it and set up its Administration.

• Dennis Nelson History 140• Tu/Thur LL-109

Cabeza de vacaCabeza de vaca• He was a ‘Conquistador’ that traveled a lot of the borderlands. He

was also lost and a prisoner at times for over 8yrs. His command traveled from the swamps of Florida to Texas.

• His commander was one Panfilo de Narvaez, he was an ‘incompetent’, and lost an eye trying to take Mexico from Cortes.

• In 1534 because he , and three other men left with him; pull off some small healing cures, to some sick Indians, they get a free pass into S. Texas, New Mexico, and NW Mexico.

• De Vaca recalls “It was beautiful land”. It was till the Spanish before him. The Spanish burned out all the Indians and their crops and lands.

• De Vaca was also preaching, a policy of pacification like Las Casas.• The Spanish continued to use the military, to expand the empire,

but the King sent the friars; to keep them in check, and the new policy going.

SOTOSOTO• De Vaca’s report starts up two more conquistadors.

Hernando de Soto & Francisco Vasquez Coronado.• Soto was tricked, that he could get wealth from the new

borderlands area of gold & silver just like the Aztecs. • Soto dies on the banks of the Mississippi. They secretly

dump his body in the river. This was done to hide his mortally to the Indians who were still in awe of them.

• Where Soto had counted 30 large cities, now when the French went thru they found only 5 small towns. This caused the water shed , and all the crops to fail, with out Indian population to work the grounds it reverted to forest and swamp.

• Soto’s expedition was the cause of the loss of the lower Mississippi river water shed.

coronadocoronado• De Vaca’s report also starts interest in places north of the

Rio Grande. Once again the precedent of the Aztecs was to cause a great damage to the natives while they hunted gold & silver.

• The Viceroy thinks its possible also, and gets Coronado to lead.

• Coronado gets faked to find a city ‘Cibola’ is the name. What they find there; when they finally get there is nothing, but a mud brick pueblo. Disgusted again Coronado curses the friar guide ‘You can’t tell the truth about anything” is said.

• To add insult even further they get faked again to find another city of gold. Its name is ‘Quivira’. Coronado cross’s the whole of the great plains thru Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. When they finally find this city of gold, they find only mud and stick huts. Coronado kills his guide for falsely leading them.

FloridaFlorida• In Florida the crown picks Pedro Menendez de Aviles, and a

ruthless naval officer he is. He has to foot the bill on building forts, so that the British & French pirates would be stopped, also any land battles, he took the job.

• Soon St. Agustin would become the last Spanish fort/city. • After failing to make a settlement that would last, or be

profitable a lot of the Indians would start to convert, for help from the Spanish with everything. They could convert from the musket, but not the microbe.

• The crown made the Franciscans kind of his overseer’s of the military thus ‘Pacification’ became policy. The crown wanted them alive because of the friars, and as long as they somewhat took it easy on the Indians, they went quietly.

New MéxicoNew México• At the same time the crown was trying to save Florida, they were

trying to save New Mexico. Remember That yesterdays N.Mexico was a lot bigger than now. It covered from Calif to Az. Parts of Colorado, Nevada, all of Az.

• New royal orders of 1573 ‘Decreed’ all future expo’s were not to be called ‘conquests’, but to call them ‘pacifications’ with help from the Franciscans.

• The Viceroy Don Juan de Onate was to pacify the Rio Grande & west, and found the colony of New Mexico.

• The colonist , and the priest's go against Onate. They complain that he lead them astray “In a harsh land”. By 1602 all left for Mexico. The Viceroy removes Onate, and takes over New Mexico.

• Caught in double jeopardy of the high costs & small income of the new N.Mexico colony, they end up with a smaller cut than they thought.

• With pacification the monks think that the pueblo people would be better than the Hispanics in the long run.

Pueblo revoltPueblo revolt• The N.W. was a vast new area, Hispanic colonists were needed.

The monks, the military were not always on the same page.• Some governors just want the prestige that the post would

provide. They also wanted all the confessions they could get from the Indians to look good for the crown & the Pope.

• During the drought of 1660-70 history record that reduced crop provided a famine, remember that all the tribes of mound builders were gone and any extra workers were too, from tribal wars, and disease from the Europeans. People in the pueblo's starved.

• An old ghost of the Christians god, could not protect them from European disease’s.

• The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 in the New Mexico area was the only revolt that was of any size , and it cause damage, but a lot of it to them, in housing & crops. It set the Spanish back for a long time. The only other revolt would be the U.S. Civil to come.