Spanish &

Native

American

Interaction

U.S. HistoryChapter 2, section 1

Question/Main Idea:

Describe the Spanish patterns of conquest. What type of culture

resulted in this type of conquest?

Spanish Conquests

*The Reconquista – 700 year battle to rid

Iberian Peninsula of Muslims

– Sets a pattern of treatment (cultures) by Spanish in the future

– Christians/Muslims live in harmony at first

– Traded, intermarried, borrowed cultures

Conquistadors

*Conquistadors expected same relationship with natives in Americas as those in Europe.

• hidalgos -young Spanish gentlemen who led the conquests against Muslims and in Americas

• Believed they’d find: • God, Gold, Glory

• wanted riches and fame • hoped to find in Americas

Encomienda System

• Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pissarro in search of gold/riches • Conquered Inca/Aztecs and in 1550’s • began establishing colonies in Central-South America

• Spanish treated Native Americans “ruthlessly”• natives forced to work under encomienda system• must work for the good of one individual • In return, Spanish agreed to care for natives

Question/Main Idea:

Why were Spanish outposts established in

Florida and New Mexico?

Spanish Outposts

• Spanish explorers after Columbus mapped, studied lands and people in southeastern and southwestern U.S.– area not rich in resources

like they first thought

• Spanish government - defensive bases built 1550’s to protect empire from other Europeans– establish forts along coasts – not very successful in longevity of

forts

Continued…………………

• Spanish began moving west away from Florida– Moved into New Mexico and California to protect

northern Mexican borders from Europeans in the Pacific

• How well did the settlements succeed?– Small settlements called presidios built to guard

area– Maintained by Franciscan monks– Priests established missions with idea of turning

Native Americans into Catholics

Question/Main Idea:

• How did the Native Americans resist Spanish conquest in

Florida and New Mexico and how did the Spanish

settlement pattern change in response?

Conquering New Mexico and Florida

• Nomadic groups resistant to religion and treatment by Spanish

• Conflict began in New Mexico – widespread revolt by Native Americans– Pueblo people united and were successful in

expelling Spanish from Southwest– Destroyed missions-other signs of Christianity

and European culture• Ancient ways of Pueblo reborn

Continued……………

• However, in 1700’s Pueblo were forced to seek Spanish protection from enemies

• in exchange, Pueblo become Catholic, but maintain their traditions and governed themselves

Continued…………….

• Native Americans resist Spanish control in Florida– combined forces with English from other colonies– Defeated Spanish, limiting settlements in Florida– by 1706, only three settlements remain

• English, like Spanish had trouble establishing profitable colonies in America– Solutions for profitability comes in the form of

tobacco