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Spanish to English & Vise Versa

SPANISH YEAR 1-3

HunterThompsonOwner:

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Table of Contents

Year 1 Spanish ............................................................................................................................................ 4Intro.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4Greetings&Gender.............................................................................................................................................................................................4SayingGoodBye...................................................................................................................................................................................................4BeingCourteous....................................................................................................................................................................................................4

Months&Weeks.......................................................................................................................................................................................................4Seasons......................................................................................................................................................................................................................4MonthsoftheYear...............................................................................................................................................................................................4DaysoftheWeek..................................................................................................................................................................................................4

LaHora(TheTime).................................................................................................................................................................................................5AdjectivesinSpanish..............................................................................................................................................................................................5DescribingSchoolinSpanish.............................................................................................................................................................................5LaFamilia.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................6EyesandHairColor.................................................................................................................................................................................................6LaCasa............................................................................................................................................................................................................................6ElFútbol(Soccer).....................................................................................................................................................................................................6ElBéisbol(Baseball)...............................................................................................................................................................................................6ElBásquetbol,ElBaloncesto(Basketball)...................................................................................................................................................7Colors..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................7LasEmocionesyLosSentidos(EmotionsandFeelings)(Key:E=estar,T=tener,S=Ser)............................................7Year 2 Spanish ............................................................................................................................................ 8Preposiciones.............................................................................................................................................................................................................8LosNúmeros0-1.000.............................................................................................................................................................................................8Vocabulario~Chapter1elaeropuerto..........................................................................................................................................................8Gramática,Capítulo1.............................................................................................................................................................................................9• SaberyConocer.........................................................................................................................................................................................9• YoGoVerbs..................................................................................................................................................................................................9• Elpresenteprogresivo(forming“-ing”endings).....................................................................................................................10

Chapter2elcamping...........................................................................................................................................................................................10Gramática...................................................................................................................................................................................................................11• Verbosreflexivos.....................................................................................................................................................................................11

Chapter7devacaciones....................................................................................................................................................................................11Clothing/SchoolItems........................................................................................................................................................................................12Elpronombredelcomplementodirectolo,la,los,las.......................................................................................................................12Complementoindirecto(Paso1:towhom/forwhom).....................................................................................................................13Directooindirecto.............................................................................................................................................................................................13Listadeverbosquerequierenuncomplementoindirecto:............................................................................................................13

Train.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................13LasComidas/Others.............................................................................................................................................................................................14AdjetivosDeNacionalidad................................................................................................................................................................................15Celebraciones..........................................................................................................................................................................................................15Year 3 Spanish .......................................................................................................................................... 16Vocabulariodelaniñez......................................................................................................................................................................................16eljuguete–thetoy................................................................................................................................................................................................16EnElHotel.................................................................................................................................................................................................................17CiudadyCampo......................................................................................................................................................................................................17TheCity...................................................................................................................................................................................................................17PublicTransportation......................................................................................................................................................................................17AmusementParkAndZoo..............................................................................................................................................................................17TheCountry(side)..............................................................................................................................................................................................17

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Farming..................................................................................................................................................................................................................18FarmAnimals.......................................................................................................................................................................................................18

¿VasenCarro?.........................................................................................................................................................................................................18Drivingonthehighway...................................................................................................................................................................................18Givingdirections.................................................................................................................................................................................................18Talkingaboutthecity......................................................................................................................................................................................18Talkingaboutcars.............................................................................................................................................................................................18Partsofacar........................................................................................................................................................................................................19Otherwords/expressions................................................................................................................................................................................19

FoodandKitchenAppliances/Utensils......................................................................................................................................................19KitchenAppliancesandUtensils.................................................................................................................................................................19Foodpreparation...............................................................................................................................................................................................19Morefood...............................................................................................................................................................................................................19

Body,Injury,Fitness............................................................................................................................................................................................19Identifyingmorepartsofthebody............................................................................................................................................................19Talkingaboutphysicalfitness.....................................................................................................................................................................20Talkingaboutanaccident.............................................................................................................................................................................20Talkingaboutmedicalemergenciesandahospital..........................................................................................................................20Talkingaboutmedicalcare..........................................................................................................................................................................20Otherusefulwordsandexpressions..........................................................................................................................................................20

Celebrations.............................................................................................................................................................................................................20Talkingaboutawedding................................................................................................................................................................................20Talkingaboutacivilceremony...................................................................................................................................................................20Talkingaboutaweddingreception..........................................................................................................................................................21Talkingaboutabaptism................................................................................................................................................................................21Talkingaboutafuneral..................................................................................................................................................................................21Otherusefulwordsandexpressions..........................................................................................................................................................21

Verbos ...................................................................................................................................................... 22LosVerbosdelpresente.....................................................................................................................................................................................22-ar,regular..........................................................................................................................................................................................................22-er,regular..........................................................................................................................................................................................................22-ir,regular...........................................................................................................................................................................................................22-ar,-er,-ir,verbconjugations..................................................................................................................................................................22Irregularpresent(onlyintheyoform).............................................................................................................................................22

EstarvsSer...............................................................................................................................................................................................................23Verboscomo“gustar”..........................................................................................................................................................................................23Verbosdecambioradical(bootverbs)......................................................................................................................................................23PretéritosVerbos...................................................................................................................................................................................................24GramáticaFormathepasttense................................................................................................................................................................24• Pretéritodelosverbosen–ary–er/ir.........................................................................................................................................24• Car,Gar,Zarverbendings(onlyintheyoconjugationandregularpretéritoform)....................................................24• Reglasparapretéritotenso..............................................................................................................................................................24• Pretérito(past)deiryser................................................................................................................................................................24• IrregularPretéritodelosverbos....................................................................................................................................................25• Pretéritoslipperverbs.......................................................................................................................................................................25

ElImperfecto...........................................................................................................................................................................................................27• Imperfectodelosverbosen–ary–er/ir......................................................................................................................................27• Reglasparaimperfectotenso............................................................................................................................................................27o Meaning:Viajaba..................................................................................................................................................................................27o Uses:HALDWEPT..............................................................................................................................................................................27

• Irregularimperfectodelosveros....................................................................................................................................................27ElPresentePerfecto–tohavedonesomething(Haber+<Verb>).............................................................................................28

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FutureTense............................................................................................................................................................................................................28• Oneformofthefuturetensetheis“going”todosomething..............................................................................................28Anotherformofthefuturetenseis“will”dosomething..................................................................................................................28o Irregulardelosverbos.........................................................................................................................................................................29

Elcondicional..........................................................................................................................................................................................................29• Irregularesverbos..................................................................................................................................................................................29

(Present)Subjunctive..........................................................................................................................................................................................29Anyandallirregular“yo”forms,-car-gar-zarverbs,-ar-erand-irstemchangers,willkeepthosechangesforallconjugations,exceptinthenos...&vos…formfor-ar&-erstemchangers.....................................................................30IrregularSubjunctive.......................................................................................................................................................................................30Rulesofformingthesubjunctivetense....................................................................................................................................................30WhentousetheSubjunctiveform:(whentalkingaboutsomethingimaginaryorsomethingthathasnotactuallyhappened)...........................................................................................................................................................................................30

Affirmativetúcommands..................................................................................................................................................................................30Commandstakethehe/sheformoftheverb........................................................................................................................................30Irregular.................................................................................................................................................................................................................30MandatosAccentRules...................................................................................................................................................................................30

Mandatos/Mandatos+Subjuntivos.............................................................................................................................................................31Differencesandcomparison..........................................................................................................................................................................31

Others ...................................................................................................................................................... 32RandomGuia............................................................................................................................................................................................................32

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Year 1 Spanish Intro Greetings & Gendersaludos–greetings

hola–hello

bienvenidos–welcome

buenosdías–goodmorning

buenastardes–goodafternoon

buenasnoches–goodevening

¿Quétal?–How’sitgoing?

Muybien–Verywell

¿Ytú?–Andyou?

Señor–Mr.

Señora–Mrs.

Señorita–Ms.

muchachos–guys

muchachas–girls

muchachos–guysandgirls

Saying Good Bye adiós–goodbye

hastamañana–seeyoutomorrow,untiltomorrow

hastaluego–seeyoulater,untillater

hastapronto–seeyousoon,untilsoon

Being Courteous modales–manners(behavior)lacortesía–manners(beingpolite)porfavor–please

gracias–thankyou

denada–you’rewelcome

pornada–you’rewelcome

nohaydeque–you’rewelcome

Months & Weeks elaño–theyear elmes–themonth lasemana–theweek lafecha–thedate

Seasons Verano–Summer Otoño–Fall Invierno–Winter Primavera–Spring

Months of the YearEnero–January

Febrero–February

Marzo–March

Abril–April

Mayo–May

Junio–June

Julio–July

Agosto–August

Septiembre–September

Octubre–October

Noviembre–November

Diciembre–December

Days of the Week Lunes–Monday

Martes–Tuesday

Miércoles–Wednesday

Jueves–Thursday

Viernes–Friday

Sábado–Saturday

Domingo–Sunday

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La Hora (The Time) Tofindoutthetimeyouask:¿Quéhoraes?Tofindoutwhattimesomethingstartsat:¿Aquéhoraes…?1:00–eslauna

2:00–sonlasdos

3:00–sonlastres

4:00–sonlascuatro

5:00–sonlascinco

6:00–sonlasseis

7:00–sonlassiete

8:00–sonlasocho

9:00–sonlasnueve

10:00–sonlasdiez

11:00–sonlasonce

12:00–sonlasdoce

7:05–sonlassieteycinco

7:15–sonlassieteyquince(cuarto)

7:40–sonlassietecuarenta

7:10–sonlassieteydiez

7:30–sonlassieteymedia

7:45–sonlassietecuarentaycinco

esmediodía–it’snoon(PM)

amediodía–atnoon(PM)

esmedianoche–it’smidnight(AM)

amedianoche–atmidnight(AM)

Adjectives in Spanish joven–youngperson

viejo(a)–oldperson

inteligente–intelligent

simpático(a)–nice

antipático(a)–mean

perezoso(a)–lazy

ambicioso(a)–hard-working

serio(a)–serious

cómico(a),gracioso(a)–funny

malo(a)–bad

bueno(a)–good

bajo(a)–short

alto(a)–tall

pelirrojo(a)–redhead

rubio(a)–blond

moreno(a)–darkhaired

feo(a)–ugly

bonito(a)–pretty

guapo(a)–good-looking

aburrido(a)–boring

Describing School in Spanish laclase–theclass

laescuela,elcolegio–theschool

elcurso–thecourse

elespañol–theSpanish

elfrancés–theFrench

elinglés–theEnglish

laciencia–thescience

losestudiossociales–thesocial studieslahistoria–thehistory

elarte–theart

lamúsica–themusic

lasmatemáticas–themathematics

laeducaciónfísica–thephysicaleducation

lavecina(o)–theneighbor

grande–big,large

pequeño(a)–small

interesante–interesting

fácil–easy

difícil–difficult

duro(a)–hard

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La Familia parientes–relatives

abuelo(a)–grandpa/grandma

nieto(a)–grandchild

madre,mamá–mother

padre,papá–father

padres–parents

hijo(a)–son/daughter

tío(a)–uncle/aunt

hermano(a)–brother/sister

bebé–baby

bisabuelo(a)–greatgrandparent

primo(a)–cousin

sobrino(a)–nephew/niece

hermanastro(a)–step-brother/step- sister

madrastra–step-mother

padrastro–step-father

lamacota–pet

mayor–older

menor–younger

elhombre–theman

lamujer–thewoman

Eyes and Hair Color ojos–eyes

pelo–hair

azul–blue

verde–green

castaño–brown

rubio–blond

negro–black

La Casa elcarro–thecar

lamesa–thetable

lamesita–thesmalltable

elpiso–thefloor

lalámpara–thelamp

laciudad–thecity

lossuburbios,lasafueras–thesuburbs, theoutskirtselsofá–thesofá

lacasa–thehouse

labicicleta–thebicycle

lasilla–thechair

lacocina–thekitchen

elcomedor–thediningroom

lasala–thelivingroom

elcuartodedormir,larecámara–the bedroomelgaraje–thegarage

laafuera,eljardín–theoutside

laflor–theflower

eljardín–thegarden

elárbol–thetree

privado(a)–private

elapartamento–theapartment

lacasadeapartamentos–theapartment houseelcuartodebaño,elbaño–thebathroom

eledificio–thebuilding

lacama–thebed

El Fútbol (Soccer) elequipo–theteam

laportería–thegoal

elportero–thegoalie

elbalón–theball

elcampodefútbol–thesoccerfield

eltanto–thescore,thepoint

losaficionados–thefans

lajugadora–theplayer

lacamiseta–thejersey

elpantalóncorto–theshorts

loscalcetineslargos–thelongsocks

laszapatillas–thesneakers

El Béisbol (Baseball) lajugadera–thefielder

labateadora–thebatter

lapelota–theball

elpícher,lalanzadora–thepitcher

elbate–thebat

elcátcher,lareceptora–thecátcher

elplatillo–theplate

elcampodebéisbol–thebaseballfield

elguante–theglove

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El Básquetbol, El Baloncesto (Basketball) elcesto,lacanasta–thebasket

lacancha–thecourt

lapelota–theball

porencimade–over,above

laraqueta–theracket

lared–thenet

unacanchadetenis–thetenniscourt

Colors negro–black

blanco–white

gris–gray

rojo–red

azul–blue

azulmarino–navyblue

amarillo–yellow

verde–green

naranja,anaranjado–orange

púrpura,morado–purple

azulmarino–navyblue

crema–cream

rosa–pink

violeta–violet

marrón,castaño–brown

café–darkbrown

plateado–silver

dorado–gold

claro–light

oscuro–dark

Las Emociones y Los Sentidos (Emotions and Feelings) (Key: E = estar, T = tener, S = Ser) [E]alegre,contento(a)–happy

[E]feliz,felices-happy

[E]triste–sad

[E]deprimido(a)–depressed

[E]enojado(a)–mad

[E]enfadado(a)–angry

[E]energético(a)–energetic

[E]calmo(a)–calm

[E]tranquilo(a)–tranquil

[E]nervioso–nervous

[E]cansado–tired

[E]de(mal/buen)humor–bad/good mood[T]lapersonalidad–personality

[T]elcomportamiento–behavior

[T]laconducta–behavior

[T]losmodales–manners

[T]laenergía–energy

[T]elentusiasmo–enthusiasm

[T]lapaciencia–patience

[S]dinámico(a)–dynamic

[S]ambicioso(a)–ambitious

[S]perezoso(a)–lazy

[E]paciente-patient(sickperson)

[E]impaciente–impatient

[S]flexible–flexible

[E/S]terco(a)–stubborn

[E]obstinado(a)–obstinant,stubborn

[S]agradable–pleasant,agreeable

[S]bieneducado(a)–wellmannered

[S]maleducado(a)–badmannered

[T]dolordegarganta–sorethroat,throat pain[T]dolordeestómago–stomachache

[T]dolordecabeza–headache

[T]catarro,refrío–cold(illness)

[T]fiebre–fever

[T]estrés–stress

[E]bien–well

[E]animado–excited

[E]terrible–terrible

[E]asíasí–soso

[E]enfermo–sick

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enta/einta

cientos/ciento/ientos

Year 2 Spanish Preposiciones Mostprepositionswithdemeans“______something”(E.G.:delantedelacasa=infrontofthehouse)

delante(de)–infront(of)

detrás(de)–behind(something)

encima(de)–ontop(of)

debajo(de)–under(neath)

lejos(de)–faraway(from)

cerca/cercade–near/closeto

izquierda(o)–left

derecha(o)–right

dentro(de)–inside(of)

fuera(de)–outside(outof)

sobre–on

hacia–toward

alrededor(de)–around(something)

contra–against

entre–inbetween

allado(de)–totheside(of)

por–through

alfondo–back,background

arriba–above

abajo–below

Los Números 0-1.000 0–cero

1–uno

2–dos

3–tres

4–cuatro

5–cinco

6–seis

7–siete

8–ocho

9–nueve

10–diez

11–once

12–doce

13–trece

14–catorce

15–quince

16–dieciséis

17–diecisiete

18–dieciocho

19–diecinueve

20–veinte

30–treinta

40–cuarenta

50–cincuenta

60–sesenta

70–setenta

80–ochenta

90–noventa

100–cien

101–cientouno

111–cientoonce

152–cientocincuentaydos

200–doscientos

300–trescientos

400–cuatrocientos

500–quinientos

600–seiscientos

700–setecientos

800–ochocientos

900–novecientos

1.000–mil

Vocabulario~Chapter 1 el aeropuerto elequipajedemano–carryon/thehand

luggage

lamaleta–thesuitcase

eltaxi–thetaxi

el/lataxista–thetaxidriver

lamaletera–thetrunk

elbaúl–thetrunk

ponerlamaleta–packthesuitcase

hacerunviaje–takeatrip

hacerlamaleta–pack

elaeropuerto–theairport

elavión–theplane

el/laagente–theagent

elmostrador–thecounter

lalíneaaérea–theairline

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elboleto/billeteelectrónico–theelectronic ticketeldistribuidorautomático–theautomatic distributor

latarjetadeembarque–theboarding pass/card

elpasaporte–thepassport

elnombre–thename,firstname

la/elpasajero(a)–thepassenger

elnúmerodelvuelo–theflightnumber

lahoradesalida–thedeparturetime

lahoradeembarque–theboardingtime

elnúmerodelasiento–theseatnumber

laformadeidentidad–theformofidentitylapuertadesalida–theexitdoor

facturarelequipaje–tocheckintheluggagepasarporelcontroldeseguridad–topass through securityhacercola–getinline

mostrar–toshow

esperar–towaitfor

embarcar–toboard,embark

abordar–toboard

el/laasistentedevuelo–theflight assistantelasiento–theseat

elpasillo–thepassage,corridor

laventanilla–thewindow

elcompartimientosuperior–thetop compartment

lamáscaradeoxígeno–theoxygenmask

elcinturóndeseguridad–theseatbelt/the

beltofsecurity

laseñaldenofumar–thenosmokingsign

elservicio–therestroom

unretraso–adelay

unademora–adelay

eldespegue–thetakeoff

elaterrizaje–thelanding

lapista–thetrack

despegar–totakeoff

aterrizar–toland

internacional–international

abordo–boarding

tarde–late

atiempo–ontime

condestinoa–withdestinationto

procedentede–fromthere

hayque–onemust

aveces–sometimes

devezencuando–onceinawhile

dentrodepoco–soon

debajode–under

¡Conpermiso!–excuseme!/with permission!abrochado(a)–fasten

volar(ue)–tofly

unvuelonacional–anationalflight

favorde(+infinitive)–please(do

something)

Gramática, Capítulo 1 • Saber y Conocer

Saber–toknowfacts,information,andhowtodosomethingConocer–tobefamiliarwithortoknow“people,placesandthings”

Saber ConocerYo Sé Nosotros Sabemos Yo Conozco Nosotros ConocemosTú Sabes Vosotros Sabéis Tú Conoces Vosotros ConocéisÉl/Ella/Ud. Sabe Ellos/Ellas/Uds. Saben Él/Ella/Ud. Conoce Ellos/Ellas/Uds. Conocen

• Yo Go Verbs hacer–todo/makeà yo=hago

poner–toput/placeà yo=pongo

traer–tobring à yo=traigo

salir–toleave/gooutà yo=salgo

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valer–tobeworthà yo=valgo

caer–tofall à yo=caigo

seguir(i)–tofollowà yo=sigo, tú=sigue nosotros=seguimos

venir(ie)–tocomeà yo=vengo, tú=vienes, nosotros=venimos

oír–tohear à yo=oigo, tú=oyes, nosotros=oímos

decir(i)–tosay/tellà yo=digo, tú=dices, nosotros=decimos

• El presente progresivo (forming “-ing” endings)estoy

estás

está ARVerb=andoàhablando ER/IRVerbs=iendoàsubiendoocorriendo

estamos

estáis

están

Chapter 2 el camping larutinadiaria–dailyroutine

despertarse(ie)–towakeup

estirarse–tostretch

levantarse–towakeup,get,raise

quedarse–tostay,remain

tomarunaducha–takeashower

ducharse–toshower

lavarse–towash

cepillarse–tobrush

maquillarse–toputonmakeup

divertirse(ie)–tohavefun

peinarse–tocomb

mirarse–tolook(atoneself)

sentarse(ie)–tositdown

acostarse(ue)–togotobed

dormirse(ue)–tofallasleep

ponerse(laropa)–toputon(thecloths), dressquitarse(laropa)–totakeoff(thecloths), undress

llamarse–tocall(oneself)

bañarse–totakeabath

bajarse–todrop,descend

afeitarse–toshave

vestirsede(i)–togetdressed,todressin

secarse–todry

reírse–tolaugh

sonreír–tosmile

irse+de–toleave/goaway

elespejo–themirror

elchampú–theshampoo

elcepillo–thebrush

elpeine–thecomb

elcepillodedientes–thetoothbrush

eltubodecremadental–thetubeof toothpaste/the tubeofdentalcreamlabarradejabón–thebarofsoap

elrollodepapelhigiénico–therolloftoilet paper

elcuerpohumano–thehumanbody

lacabeza–thehead

losdientes–theteeth

laespalda–theback

elbrazo–thearm

elcodo–theelbow

eldedo–thefinger

larodilla–theknee

elpie–thefoot

lasorejas,losoídos–theears

hombros–shoulders

lanariz–thenose

elpelo–thehair

lacara–theface

losojos–theeyes

lasmejillas–thecheeks

elparque–thepark

elcamping–thecamping

lacarpa–thetent

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elsaco/labolsadedormir–thesleeping sack/bagla/elmochilero(a)–thebackpacker

irdecamping–togocamping

montar/armar–toassemble

darunacaminata–takeahike

derecho(a)–right

izquierdo(a)–left

la/elmadrugador(a)–theearlyriser

tenerfrío/calor–tobecold/hot

acá/aquí–here

¡Yavoy!–Iamleaving!

Gramática • Verbos reflexivos

Verbsthatrefertoverbing/doingsomethingtooneself.

Larvarse=towasoneself

yo melavo nosotros(as) noslavamos

tú telavas vosotros(as) oslaváis

él,ella,ud. selava ellos,ellas,uds. selavan

Acostarseoàue

yo meacuesto nosotros(as) nosacostamos

tú teacuestas vosotros(as) osacostáis

él,ella,ud. seacuesta ellos,ellas,uds. seacuestan

Chapter 7 de vacaciones elinvierno–winter

elverano–summer

elotoño–fall

laprimavera-spring

Hacebuentiempo–theweatherisgood

Hacesol–itissunny

Hacecalor–itishot

Nieva–tosnow

Ayer–yesterday

latemperatura–thetemperature

lanieve–thesnow

Hacefrío–itiscold

Llueve–torain

laplaya–thebeach

elbalneario–thebeachresort

elmar–thesea

lanube–thecloud

laola–thewave

unacámaradigital–adigitalcamera

eltrajedebaño–theswimsuit(F)

latoalla–thetowel

laarena–thesand

laplanchadevela–thesailboard

elsurfing–surfing

latablahawaiana–thesurfboard

elbuceo–(underwater)diving

bucear–todive

losanteojosdesol–thesunglasses

lasgafasdesol–thesunglasses

lapiscina–theswimmingpool

laalberca–theswimmingpool

lacremasolar–thesunscreen/thesolar creamnadar–toswim

elesquíacuático–waterskiing

unbarquito–asmallship

esquiarenelagua–toskionthewater

alquilar–rent,lease

rentar–toproduce,yield

voleibol–volleyball

unaestacióndeesquí–theskiresort

elpico–thepeak

lamontaña–themountain

lapista–thetrack

eltelesquí–theskilift

eltelesilla–thechairlift

elgorro–thecap(hat)

elesquiador–theskier

elbastón–theskipoles

elesquí–theski

elsnowboarder–thesnowboarder

elcasco–thehelmet

losguantes–thegloves

lasbotas–theboots

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lachaquetadeesquí–theskijacket

elanorak–theanorak

Talvez–maybe

laventanilla–theticketwindow

laboletería–theticketoffice

elboleto–theticket

para+infinitivo–to/inorderto+verb

subir–togoup/raise

estasemana–thisweek

bajar–tobringdown/lower

avanzada–advanced

principiantes–beginner

elpatinador–theskater

elpatín(patines)–theskate(skates)

lapistadepatinaje–theskatingrinkpatinaje/patinarsobreelhielo–skating/to skateontheiceelhielo–theice

esquiar–toski

nublado–cloudy,overcast

elsol–thesun

estanoche–tonight

lospatinesdehielo–theiceskates

anoche–lastnight

ayerporlatarde–yesterdayafternoon

esteaño–thisyear

elañopasado–lastyear

lasemanapasada–lastweek

elfindesemana–theweekend

Hacemaltiempo–theweatherisbad

elbañador–theswimsuit(M)

elticket–theticket

elexperto–theexpert

elsnowboard–thesnowboard

estatarde–thisafternoon

Haceunmes–onemonthago

anteayer–thedaybeforeyesterday

Clothing/School Itemsunacamisa–theshirt

unpantalón(pantalones)–thepants

unpardezapatos–apairofshoes

unafalda–askirt

unablusa–ablouse

unachaqueta–ajacket

unvestido–adress

unacorbata–atie

elcinturón-thebelt

elsuéter–thesweater

latalla–thesize

elpantalóncorto(pantalones)–theshorts

elcalcetín(calcetines)–thesocks

lacarpeta–thefolder

unbolígrafo–apen

unlápiz(lápices)–apencil(pencils)

uncuaderno–anotebook

unamochila–thebackpack

unlibro–abook

unahojadepapel–asheetofpaper

unacalculadora–acalculator

El pronombre del complemento directo lo, la, los, las Thedirectobjectpronounslo,la,los,las,canreplaceeitherathingoraperson.(Paso1:findtheverbPaso2:Whoorwhatrecievesthataction)

¿Llevóélsucasco?Sí,éllollevó.¿Encontrastelapistaparalosavanzados?Sí,laencontré.¿Tomaronellossustoallasalasalbercas?Sí,elloslastomaron.¿Practicasteislaplanchadevela?Sí,nosotroslapracticamos.

¿Ustedestúlacámaradigitalnueva?Sí,lausé. ¿Tequitastetodalaarena?Sí,melaquité.

me–me nos–us

te–you os–youall

lo,la–it,him,her,you los,las–them,youall

13

Complemento indirecto (Paso 1: to whom/for whom) me–forme,tome,ofme

nos–forus,tous,ofus

te–foryou,toyou,ofyou

os–forya’ll,toya’ll,ofya’ll

le–forhim/her/you,tohim/her/you,ofhim/her/you

les–forthem/ya’ll,tothem/ya’ll,ofthem/ya’ll

Directo o indirectoYolo/leveo

Yola/lecomprendo

Yolo/letraigolacuenta

Lista de verbos que requieren un complemento indirecto: hacer

envolver

reservar

entregar

repetir

pasar

hablar

leer

subir

dar

decir

devolver

limpiar

cambiar

;

Trainlaventanilla,laboletería–thewindow (ticket)eldistribuidorautomático–theautomatic distributorinsertar–insert

seleccionar–toselect

eldestino–thedestination

sencillo–oneway(ticket)

deidayvuelta/regreso–aroundtripprimera(segunda)clase–first(second) class

latarifa–thetotalprice,rate(money)

latarifaescolar–theschoolprice

latarifaestudiantil–thestudentprice

latarifareducida–thereducedprice

latarjetadecrédito–thecreditcard

elhorario–theschedual

elpróximotren–thenexttrain

lasalida–thedeparture

lallegada–thearrival

lademora,elretraso–thedelay

tarde–late

temprano–early

atiempo–ontime

laestacióndeferrocarril–thetrainstation

elhall–thelobby

lasaladeespera–thewaitingroom

elquiosco–thekiosk

elperiódico–thenewspaper

larevista–themagazine

ellibrodebolsillo–thepocketbook

elandén–theplatform

lavía–theroute,theroad

subir(se)altren–getontothetrain

bajar(se)deltren–getoffofthetrain

elvagón,elcoche–thecar(ofthetrain)

elpasillo–thepassage,corredor

elasiento,laplaza–theseat

elasiento/laplazalibre–theopenseat

elasiento/laplazaocupada(o)–the occupiedseat

eltrencompleto–afulltrain

elrevisor–theticketinspector

revisarelbillete–inspecttheticketelcochecafetería,labufetería–thedining car

laparada–thestop

hacerparada–tomakeastop

transbordar–totransfer

cambiardetren–changeatrain

unaexcursión–anexcursion

contemplarlavista–contemplatetheview

profundo–deep

algúndía–oneday

unguía–aguide

elcaballo–thehorse

andaracaballo–ridethehorse

andarenbicicleta–rideabike

darunacaminata–takeahike

elcañón–thecanyon

elrisco–thecliff

14

lasenda–thepathway peligroso(a)–dangerous rentar–produce,yield,rent

Las Comidas/Others lacomida–thefood

lascomidas–themeals

desayuno–breakfast

lamantequilla–thebutter

elpantostado–thetoast

elcereal–thecereal

eltocino,elbacón–thebacon

loshuevos–theeggs

almuerzo–lunch

unahamburguesa–ahamburger

unapizza–apizza

unsándwich,unbocadillo–asandwich

jamón–ham

queso–cheese

unaensalada–asalad

lechuga–lettuce

tomates–tomatoes

cena–dinner

helado–icecream

elpollo–thechicken

elpescado–thefish

elpostre–thedessert

flan–flanlaslegumbres,losvegetales,lasverduras– thevegetables

laspapas–thepotatoes

laspatatasfritas–thepotatochips

lacarne–themeat

arrozyfríjoles(M)–riceandbeans

lasbebidas–thebeverages

leche–milk

jugodenaranja–orangejuice

unacola,unagaseosa–asoda

losrefrescos–therefreshments

lasmeriendas–thesnacks

loscamarones–theshrimp

lasalbóndigas–themeatballs

lasolivas(o),lasaceitunas(o)–theolives

aceite–oil

lamanzana–theapple

salypimienta(F)–salt&pepper

laservilleta–thenapkine

lachuletadecerdo–porkchops(pig)

elplato-theplate

elplatillo–thedish(smallplate)

unvaso–aglass

unataza–acup

lacuchara–thespoon

lacucharita–thesmallspoon

eltenedor–thefork

lalangosta–thelobster

lasalmejas–theclams

loscomestibles–thegroceries

elmejillón–themussel

elcordero–thelamb

elcuchillo–theknife

elmesero–thewaiter

lamesera–thewaitress

lamesalibre–theopentable

lamesaocupada–theoccupiedtable

elmenú–themenu

lacuenta–thecheck

vegetariano–vegetarian

el/lacliente–thecustomer

salsa–sauce

condimentes–condiments

elbiftec–thebeefsteak

casicrudo–almostraw

términomedio–mediumrare

bienhecho–welldone

mariscos–seafood

limón–lemon/lime

lacarnederes–beef

elmantel–tablecloth

elvinagre–thevinegar

dejarunapropina–leaveatip(money)

restaurante–restaurant

lassobras-theleftovers

seguir–tofollow

pedir–toask

ponerlamesa–setthetable

levantar,quitarlamesa–clearthetable

cubrirlamesa–coverthetable

pelar–topeal

cortar–tocut

repetir–torepeat

sevende(n)–forsale

sehabla(n)–isspoken

sesirve(n)–isserved

sedice–itissaidthat

15

Adjetivos De Nacionalidad 1. ends in –o, -a or has 4formsE.G.:mexicano–mexicano,mexicana,mexicanos,mexicanas

2. ends in an –e, has 2formsE.G.:canadiense–canadiense,canadienses

3.Endsinaconsonant,and4formsE.G.:Andaluz–andaluz,andaluza,andaluces,andaluzas

4.endsinan–í,has2formsE.G.:

argentino–Argentinianaustraliano–Australianaustriaco–Austrianbrasileño–Brazilianbelga–Belgianboliviano–Bolivianchileno–Chileanchino–Chinesecolombiano–Colombiannorcoreano–NorthKoreansudcoreano–SouthKoreancubano–Cubanecuatoriano-Ecuadorianegipcio,griego–Greekfilipino–Filipinobritánico–Britishguatemalteco–Guatemalanhaitiano–Haitianhondureño–Honduranindio–Indianitaliano–Italianmexicano–Mexicannoruego–Norwegianpalestino–Palestinianpanameño–Panamanianparaguayo–Paraguayanperuano–Peruvianpolaco–Polishpuertorriqueño–PuertoRicandominicano–Dominicanruso–Russiansueco–Swedishsuizo–Swissucraniano–Ukrainianuruguayo–Uruguayanvenezolano–Venezuelan

canadiense–Canadiancostarricense–CostaRicanestadounidense–Americannicaragüense–Nicaraguan

español–Spanish

3.a.endsin–s,or–n,hasanACCENTinmasculinesingularformthatisremovedinallotherforms.E.G.:alemán,almanes

iraquí–Iraqiiraní–Iranianisraelí–Israelimarroquí–Moroccan

alemán–Germancatalán–Catalanfrancés–Frenchdanés–Daneescocés–Scottishgalés–Welshholandés–Dutchinglés–Englishirlandés–Irishjaponés–Japaneseneozelandés–NewZealanderportugués–Portuguesetaiwanés–Taiwanesetailandés-Thaidisfraz

CelebracionesElDíadelosMuertos–thedayofthedeadlosmuertos,difuntos–thedeadlaNavidad–Christmasunamáscara–amasklamenora–themenorah(ninecandles)elcamposanto,cementerio–thecemeteryunesqueleto–askeletonunaofrenda–anofferinglaNochebuena–ChristmasEveunafiesta–apartymientras–whileenterrado(a)–berriedun(os)disfraz(ces)–costumeelárboldeNavidad–theChristmastreelabandamunicipal–thecitybandunaferia–afair

elHanuka–Hanukkahlosfuegosartificiales–thefireworkslafiestadelasluces–theFestivalofLightslasvelas–thecandleelbizcocho–thespongecakelapaja–thehaydecorar–todecoratehebreo(a)–Hebrewdulce–candyJudío(a)–Jew,Jewishunhueso–boneconfeccionar–tomakeencender(ie)–tolight(fire)latumba–thetombbailar–todanceunaguinaldo,regalo–apresent

lasanta(o)patronal–thepatronsaintpatrón(ona)–patroniluminar–toilluminateLosReyesMagos–TheThreeWiseMenunacoronadeflores–wreathofflowerselaborar–makeunacalavera,elcráneo–theskullelcamello–cameltodoelmundo–everybodycelebrar–tocelebratelachimenea–thechimneyunaprocesión(iones)–processionundesfile–aparadeunafiestapatornal–apatronpartylaestatua–thestatueunmausoleo–amausoleum

16

Year 3 Spanish Vocabulario de la niñez eljuguete–thetoy

losbloques–theblocks

loscarritos–thetoycars

lafiguradeacción–theactionfigure

lamuñeca–thedoll

elosodepeluche–teddybear

elamigoimaginario–theimaginaryfriendlamanta–theblanket

elreceso,recreo–recess

elparqueinfantil–theplayground

eltobogán–theslide

elcarrusel–thecarousel

elcolumpio–theswing

lacajadearena–thesandbox

elsubeybaja–theupsanddowns

eltrampolín(saltar…)–thetrampoline (tojump)laniñez–childhood

laguardaría–theday-carecenter

elpreescolar–thepreschool

laescuelaprimaria–theelementaryschoollamerienda–afternoonsnack

lacajitadejugo–thesmalljuicebox

elelevador–thecarseat

jugaralescondite–toplayhide-and-seekjugaralrescate–toplaytag

quedarseencase–stayathome

saltaralacuerda,brincarlacuerda–tojumprope

montarenbicicleta–toridethebicycle

triciclo–tricycle

mirarlosdibujosanimados–cartoons/ lookatthe animated drawings

tomarunasiesta–totakeanap

acurrucarse–tosnuggleup

subiralosárboles–toclimbthetrees/ togoup thetreescasitadeárboles–treehousereír–tolaugh

sonreír–tosmile

contaruncuento/chiste–totella story/joke

gimotear,lloriquear–towhine

jugaralosdisfraces/disfrazarse–toplaydressup/dressup

colorearconlápicesdecolores–tocolor withcolored pencilsjugarconun…–playwitha…

jugarconjuegosdemesa–playwithboard gamescolumpiarse–toswing

volarunacometa–toflyakite

coleccionar–tocollect

molestara(unapersona)–tobother(a person)

esconderse–tohideoneself

caerse–tofall

jugaralapelota–toplayball

leerunlibroilustrado–readan illistratedbook

romper–tobreak

descubrir–todiscover

hacercosquillas–totickle

hacerelfuertede(mantas,nieve)–tomake afortof (blankets/ snow)construirunafortaleza–buildafortressjugarconpistolasde(nerf,agua)–toplay withnerf/ watergunscorrerporelaspersor–torunthroughthe sprinklersabrazarse–tohug

jugarconunaespada–toplaywitha sword

17

En El Hotel unareservación–areservation

uncuarto,unahabitación–aroom

uncuartosencillo–singleroom

uncuartodoble–doubleroom

reservar–toreserve

elhotel–thehotel

elalberguejuvenil,elhostal–youth hostallarecepción–receptiondesk

el/larecepcionista–thereceptionist

el/lacliente,huésped–theguest

lallave(magnética)–thekey (magnetic)

elmozo–thebellhop

elascensor–theelevador

hospedarse–tostaysomewhere

abandonarelcuarto–tocheckout

eldesayunocontinental–continental (light)breakfast

elpanecillo–aroll

elpandulce–sweetbread

lamermelada–marmalade(typeof jam)

mantequilla–butter

jalea–jelly

elcafé–coffee

eldesayunoamericano–“American” breakfast(larger)

loshuevosrevueltos–scrambeldeggs

elpantostado–toast

eltocino,bacón,lacón–bacon

eljugodenaranja–orangejuice

lacama–bed

lasábana–sheetforbed

lamanta,lafrazada–blanket

laalmohada–pillow

elarmario–closet

lapercha,elcolgador–hanger

elaireacondicionado–airconditioning

elcuartodebaño,aseo–restroom

labañera–bathtub

laducha–shower

elinodoro,elváter–thetoilet

ellavabo–thesink

eljabón–thesoap

unatoalla–thetowel

estálimpio(a)–it’sclean

estásucio(a)–it’sdirty

lacamarera,mucama–maid

Ciudad y Campo The City laciudad–thecity

elcentro–center

barrioantiguo–theoldtown

lacalle–thestreet

elsemáforo–thetrafficlight

laesquina–thecorner

la/elpeatón(a)–thepedestrian

elcruce–intersection

elrascacielos–theskyscraper

laoficina–theoffice

eltráfico–thetrafic

laacera–sidewalk

elparking,parqueo–parking

ancho(a)–wide

angosto(a),estrecho(a)–narrow

urbano(a)–urban

aparcar,estacionar–topark

Public Transportation elmediodetransporte–meansof

transport

laestacióndemetro–themetrostation

labocadelmetro–themetroentrance

laescalera–thestairs

laescaleramecánica–escalator,mechanical stairs

elautobús,camión(Mex),laguagua–the bus

laparadadeautobús–thebusstop

Amusement Park And Zoo elparquedeatracciones–amusementpark

eltiovivo–themerry-go-round

lanoria–theferriswheel

lamontañarusa–rollercoaster

elzoológico–zoo

The Country(side) elcampo–country(side)

lafinca,granja,chacra–farm

lacasadecampo–farmhouse

el/lacampesina(o)–worker

elpeón,bracero(a)–worker

elestablo–stable

elcorral–corral

elgranero–silo

18

elheno–hay

lahierba–grass

lahacienda,estancia,elrancho–working farms

montar/andaracaballo–torideahorse

laequitación–horsebackriding

Farming latierra–land,dirt

eltrigo–wheat

lahuerta–orchard

lacosecha–harvest,crop

cosechar–toharvest

sembrar–tosowseeds

cultivar,labrar–tocultivate

Farm Animals elcerdo–pig

elcordero–lamb

lagallina–hen

lavaca–cow

elganado–theherd

pacer–tograze

elcaballo–thehorse

elpato–duck

elgallo–therooster

eltoro–bull

lacabra–goat

elgato–cat

elperro–dog

lapaloma–dove

elpavo–theterkey

elpollito–chicks

elburro–donkey

elconejo-rabit

¿Vas en Carro? Driving on the highway lacarretera,laautopista,laautovía–the highwayelcarril–thelane

elsentido–thedirection,theway

lepeaje–thetole($)

lagarita(cabina)depeaje–thetolebooth

lasalida–theexit

elrótulo–thesign

lavelocidadmáxima–thespeedlimit,max speedelarcén,elacotamiento–theshoulder

unalíneacontinua–thesolidline

Giving directions elplanodelaciudad–thecitymap

darlavuelta–toturnaround,u-turn

seguirderecho–togostraight

quedarseenelcarril–tostayinthelane

doblar–toturn

adelantar,rebasar,pasar–topass

parar(se)–tostop(oneself)

estarprohibido–itisprohibited

Talking about the city lacuadra,lamanzana–cityblock

elcruce,labocacalle–intersection

laluzroja–theredlight

elparquímetro–theparkingmeter

unamoneda–themoney

eltiquete–theticket(parking)

unamulta–aticket(givenbyanofficer)

unacalledesentidoúnico–oneway

despacio–slowly

clavar–tonail/stick

reducirlavelocidad–reducespeed,slow downcruzar–tocross

elsemáforo–thestoplight

Talking about cars elcoche,elcarro–thecar

ledescapotable,elconvertible–the convertibleelcochedeportivo–thesportscar

elsedánacuatropuertas–thefourdoor sedan

elSUV–theSUV

elcamión–thepick-up,semi,bus

el/laconductor(a)–thedriver,conductor

elpermisodeconducir,lalicencia,elcarnet –thelicense

laestacióndeservicio,lagasolinera–the gasstationel/lagato(a)–thejack

eltanque–thetank

unpinchazo–apuncture,flat

19

llenar–tofill cambiarlallanta–tochangethetire vació(a)–empty

Parts of a car elcapó–thehood

lapuerta–thedoor

lamaletera,elbaúl–thetrunk

elparabrisas–thewindshield

lasluces–thelights

losfrenos–thebrakes

lasdireccionales,lasintermitentes–the blinkerslaguantera–theglovebox

elvolante–thesteeringwheel

lallanta,lagoma,laneumático–thetire

lallantaderepuesto–thesparetire

laruedaderecambio–thesparetire

Other words/expressions tacaño(a)–stingy tenercuidado–tobecareful

Food and Kitchen Appliances/Utensils Kitchen Appliances and Utensils lacocina–thekitchen

elrefrigerador,lanevera–therefrigerator

elcongelador–thefreezer

laestufa,lacocina–thestove

elhorno–theoven

elhornodemicroondas–themicrowave ovenellavaplatos–thedishwasher

el/lasartén–thefryingpan

laolla,lacacerola–thepot

latapa–thetop

lacazuela–casserole

laparrilla–thegrill

Food preparation lareceta–therecipe

el/lacocinera(o)–thechef

elsabor–theflavor

pelar–topeel

picar–tomince

cortar–tocut

cortarenpedacitos–tocutintosmall pieces

cortarenrebanadas–toslice

añadir–toadd

poneralfuego–turnonthefire

cocinar,cocer–tocook

cocinar(cocer)afuegolento–cookover lowheatquemarse–toburnoneself

hervir–toboil

freír–tofry

asar–togrill,roast

revolver–tostir

More food lachuletadecerdo–porkchop

elmuslodepollo–chickenthigh

lasalitasdepollo–chickenwings

lapechugadepollo–chickenbreast

lacebolla–theonion

lazanahoria–thecarrot

elpepino–thecucumber(fruit)

elpimiento–thepepper(vegetable)

elaguacate–avocado

elajo–thegarlic

elcondimento–thecondiment

Body, Injury, Fitness Identifying more parts of the body lafrente–theforehead

elcuello–theneck

elhombro–theshoulder

elpecho–thechest

lamuñeca–thewrist

eltobillo–theankle

eldedodelpie–thetoe

20

Talking about physical fitness elgimnasio–thegym

elbuzo–thejoggingsuit

elcasco–helmet

lasrodilleras–kneepads

losejercicios–theexercises

lasplanchas–planks,situps

laspesas–weights

elmovimiento–movement

larespiración–therespiration

elmonopatín–theskateboard

eljogging–jogging

el/lacorredor(a)–therunner

unacarrera(derelevos)–arace(relay)

unacareraacampotraviesa–cross countryunacarreradelargadistancia–long distancerun

unavuelta–alap

unmaratón–amarathon

estirarse–tostretch

patinar(enlínea)–toskate(inline,roller blades)practicaryoga–practiceyoga

descansar–torest

liberar–tofree

Talking about an accident unaherida–aninjury

hinchado(a)–swollen

cortarse–tocut

torcerse–totwist

caerse–tofall

romperse,quebrarse–tobreak

doler–tohurt

Talking about medical emergencies and a hospital laambulancia–theambulance

el/lasocorrista–thefirstresponder

lacamilla–stretcher

lasaladeemergencia–emergency room

lasilladeruedas–thewheelchair

andarconmuletas-crutches

Talking about medical care el/lacirujano(a)–thesurgeon

ortopédico(a)–orthopedic

el/laenfermero(a)–thenurse

unaradiografía–x-ray

unyeso–acast

unhueso–abone

lospuntos,lasuturas–thestitches

unavenda–thebandages

reducir,acomodar–toaccommodate

Other useful words and expressions elespíritu–thespirit latensión–thetension lento(a)-stretch

Celebrations Talking about a wedding laceremonia–theceremony

elanuncionupcial–thewedding announcementelmatrimonio–matrimony

elcasamiento–themarriage

laboda–thewedding

laiglesia–thechurch

elcura–thepriest

lanovia–thebride

elnovio–thegroom

lapareja–thecouple

el/lareciéncasado(a)–thenewlywed

ladamadehonor–themaidofhonor

lepadrino–thebestman

elpaje–littlekids(?)

eltrajedenovia–theweddingdress

elvelo–theveil

elanillodeboda–theweddingring

casarse–tomarry

Talking about a civil ceremony laceremoniacivil–legalceremony elregistrodematrimonio–marriage certificate

21

elayuntamiento–cityhall

el/laalcalde(sa)–mayor

firmar–tosign

por(el,lo)civil–legal

Talking about a wedding reception unarecepción–reception

unacena–dinner

unbanquete–thebanquet

unbufé–buffet

unregalo–thegift

enhonorde–inhonorof

¡Enhorabuena!–Congratulations!

Talking about a baptism elcumpleaños–birthday

elpastel–cake

elbizcocho–cake(sweet)

latorta,latarta–cake

lavela–candle

nacer–tobeborn

cumplir…años–toturn…yearsold

celebrar–tocelebrate

Talking about a funeral unaesquela,unobituario–deathnotice

elvelorio–wake(opencoffin)

elataúd–thecoffin

laviudadeldifunto–thewidowofthe passedelcementerio,elcamposanto–cemetery

elcortejofúnebre–thefuneralprocession

elentierro,elsepelio–theburial

Other useful words and expressions lospasajesdelavida–lifejourney

laalegría–joy/happiness

alegre–happy

alegrarse–tobehappy

sorprender–surprised

esperar–tohope,wait

intercambiar–interchangeable

tenerlugar–takeplace

22

Verbos Los Verbos del presente

-ar, regular

abrazar(a)–tohugalquilar–torentamar(a)–toloveatrapar–tocatchayudar–tohelpbailar–todancebatear–tobatbesar(a)–toKissbloquear–toblockbuscar–tolookforcaminar–towalkcantar–tosingcelebrar–tocelebratecharlar–tochatcocinar–tocookcomprar–tobuycontestar–toanswercortar–tocut

columpiar–toswingdibujar–todrawdriblar–todribbledudar–todoubtencestar–tomakeabasketenseñar–toteachentrar–toenter,goinenviar–tosendescuchar–tolistentoesquiar–toskiestudiar–tostudyganar–towingolpear–tohitguardar–toguardhablar–tospeak,talklanzar–tokick,throwlavar–towashlevantar–toraise,rise

limpiar–tocleanllegar–toarrivellevar–tobring,carry,wearllorar–tocrymirar–tolook,watchmontar–toridenadar–toswimnavegar–tonavigatenecesitar–toneedpagar–topaypasar–topasspasear–tostrollpatinar–toskatepelar–topealpescar–tofishpintar–topaintpracticar–topracticepreguntar–toaskaquestion

prestar–tolendregresar–toreturnsacar–totakeoutsacarapuntes–totakenotessacarfotos–totakepicturessacarnotas–togetgradessaltar–tojumpterminar–tofinishtirar–tothrowtocar–totouchtomar–totaketrabajar–toworkusar–touseviajar–totravelvisitar–tovisit

-er, regular

aprender–tolearnbeber–todrinkcreer–tobelievecomer–toeat

comprender–to understandcorrer–torundeber–toshould,ought

esconder–tohideprometer–topromiseresponder–torespondromper–tobreak

vender–tosell

-ir, regular

abrir–toopenaplaudir–toapplaudasistir(a)–toattendcompartir–tosharecubrir–tocover

cumplir–toaccomplishdecidir–todecidedescribir–todescribedescubrir–todiscoverdividir–todivide

escribir–towriteinsistir(en)–toinsist(on)permitir–topermit,allowrecibir–toreceivesubir–togo

sufrir–tosuffervivir–tolive

-ar, -er, -ir, verb conjugations

HABLAR–tospeak,talkhablo hablamoshablas habláishabla hablan

COMER–toeatcomo comemoscomes coméiscome comen

VIVIR–tolivevivo vivimosvives vivísvive viven

Irregular present (only in the yo form) reducir–toreduceà yo=reduzco conducir–todriveà yo=conduzcoproducir–toproduceà yo=produzco traducir–totranslateà yo=traduzco

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Estar vs Ser

ESTAR–tobeestoy estamosestás estáisestá están

SER–tobesoy somoseres soises son

GeneralusesofESTAR(tobe)(Temporary)Position&LocationAction(-ingform)ConditionEmotion

GeneralusesofSER(tobe)DescriptionsOccupationCharacteristicsTime/DateOriginsRelationship

Verbos como “gustar”

GUSTAR–tobepleasingX XX X

gusta gustan

IndirectObjectPronoun–receivetheactionAmíme AnosotrosnosAtite Avosotrosos

Aél/ella/ud.le Aellos/ella/uds.les

Verbos de cambio radical (boot verbs)

eàiePERDER–tolose

pierdo perdemospierdes perdéispierde pierden

perder–tolosecomenzar–tostart,beginempezar–tostart,beginpensar–tothinkpreferir–topreferquerer–towantcerrar–toclosedivertirse–tohavefunencender–tolight(fire)

sentir–feeloàue

DORMIR–tosleepduermo dormimosduermes dormísduerme duermen

devolver–toreturn(thing)dormir-tosleeppoder–tocan,tobeabletovolver–toreturn(person)mostrar–toshowmorir–todie

uàue

JUGAR–toplayjuego jugamosjuegas jugáisjuega juegan

jugar–toplay

eài

SERVIR–toservesirvo servimossirves servíssirve sirven

servir–toservepedir–toaskforrepetir–repeatdecir–tosay

IR–togovoy vamosvas vaisva van

DAR–togivedoy damosdas daisda dan

VER–toseeveo vemosves veisve ven

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Pretéritos Verbos Gramática Forma the past tense • Pretérito de los verbos en –ar y –er/ir

AR–hablar ER/IR–decidirYo Hablé Yo DecidíTú Hablaste Tú DecidisteÉl/Ella/Ud. Habló Él/Ella/Ud. DecidióNosotros Hablamos Nosotros DecidimosVosotros Hablasteis Vosotros DecidisteisEllos/Ellas/Uds. Hablaron Ellos/Ellas/Uds. Decidieron

• Car, Gar, Zar verb endings (only in the yo conjugation and regular pretérito form)

carquégarguézarcé

• Reglas para pretérito tenso

à Toexpressactionsthatbeganandendedatadefinitepointandhappensonetimeinthepast.(E.G.:Ayeryocomílapizza.)

o

o Tonarrateaseriesofpastactionsorevents.(E.G.:Melevantéalasseis.Despuésmeduchéymevestí.Salíalassieteymedia.)

o Asaninterruptedpastactionwhilesomethingelseisgoingon.(E.G.:Éltocabalaguitarracuandoellallegó.Hewasplayingtheguitarwhenshearrived.)

o TomakeEnglish“ed”endings.(E.G.:Lived,worked,studied,etc.)o Onetimeaction(alreadyhappened)

• Pretérito (past) de ir y ser

Ir–went/Ser–was,wereYo Fui Nosotros Fuimos

SONREÍR–tosmile REÍR–tolaughsonrío sonreímos río reímossonríes sonreís ríes reíssonríe sonríen ríe ríen

TriggerexpressionLasseñalesdelpretérito ThetriggerwordsAyer YesterdayEl2deseptiembre The2ofSeptemberHacedossemanas 2weeksagoElañopasado LastyearHaceunsiglo AcenturyagoDerepente suddenlyUnanoche OnenightElsábadopasado LastSaturdayAlinstante InstantlyAnteayer ThedaybeforeyesterdayUnavez Onetime

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Tú Fuiste Vosotros FuisteisÉl/Ella/Ud. Fue Ellos/Ellas/Uds. Fueron

• Irregular Pretérito de los verbos(allthehighlightedletterswillshowupinalloftheverbs’conjugations,(exceptfor“ver”)e.g.:venir–yo=vine,tú=viniste,él…=vino,nosotros=vinimos,vosotros=vinisteis,ella…=vinieron)dar–gave à yo=di él…=diover–saw à yo=vi él…=vio

Ruleforallverbsbelow hacer–made,did à yo=hice él…=hizo ellos…=hicieron querer–tried/no–refusedà yo=quise ellos…=quisieron venir–came à yo=vine ellos…=vinieron poder–managed à yo=pude ellos…=pudieron saber–foundout à yo=supe ellos…=supieron poner–put,placed à yo=puse ellos…=pusieron tener–got,obtained à yo=tuve ellos…=tuvieron estar–was,were à yo=estuve ellos…=estuvieron andar–walkedaround à yo=anduve ellos…=anduvieron

Ruleforallverbsbelowàààdecir–said à yo=dije ellos…=dijerontraer–brought à yo=traje ellos…=trajeronreducir–reducedà yo=reduje ellos…=redujeronproducir–producedà yo=produje ellos…=produjeronconducir–drove à yo=conduje ellos…=condujerontraducir–translateà yo=traduje ellos…=tradujeron

• Pretérito slipper verbs(theél…&ellos…formshaveaoneletterdifference)Ruleforallverbsbelowà(exactlywhatitisatthetopofthepreviouspageforIRverbs)divertirse–hadfunà yo=medivertí él…=sedivirtió ellos…=sedivirtieronpreferir–preferredà yo=preferí él…=prefirió ellos…=prefirieronservir–served à yo=serví él…=sirvió ellos…=sirvieronseguir–followed à yo=seguí él…=siguió ellos…=siguieronpedir–askedfor à yo=pedí él…=pidió ellos…=pidieronrepetir–torepeatà yo=repetí él…=repitió ellos…=repitieronmorir–died à yo=morí él…=murió ellos…=murierondormir–slept à yo=dormí él…=durmió ellos…=durmieronRuleforallverbsbelow(iày|hasaccents)àoír–heard à yo=oí él…=oyó ellos…=oyeronleer–read à yo=leí él…=leyó ellos…=leyeroncaerse–fell à yo=mecaí él…=secayó ellos…=secayeronposeer–possessed à yo=poseí él…=poseyó ellos…=poseyeronRuleforallverbsbelow(iày)à

destruir–destroyed à yo=destruí él…=destruyó ellos…=destruyeron

-e -imos-iste -isteis-o -ieron

-e -imos-iste -isteis-o -_eron

-í -ímos-íste -ísteis-yó -yeron

-í -imos-iste -isteis-yo -yeron

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huir–fled à yo=hui él…=huyó ellos…=huyeroncontribuir–contributed à yo=contribuí él…=contribuyó ellos…=contribuyeronincluir–included à yo=incluí él…=incluyó ellos…=incluyeron

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El Imperfecto • Imperfecto de los verbos en –ar y –er/ir

AR-tocar(aba) ER/IR-comer(ía)Yo Tocaba Yo ComíaTú Tocabas Tú ComíasÉl/Ella/Ud. Tocaba Él/Ella/Ud. ComíaNosotros Tocábamos Nosotros ComíamosVosotros Tocabais Vosotros ComíaisEllos/Ellas/Uds. Tocaban Ellos/Ellas/Uds. Comían

• Reglas para imperfecto tenso ¨ Actionsthatareongoingwithanunspecified/generalpointintime(unkownbeginningand

ending)§

§ Asaninterruptedpastactionwhilesomethingelseisgoingon.(E.G.:Éltocabalaguitarra

cuandoellallegó.Hewasplayingtheguitarwhenshearrived.)§ Acontinuousaction(anactionthatishappening)

o Meaning: Viajaba § Itraveled§ Iwastraveling§ Iusedtotravel§ Iwouldtravel

o Uses: HAL D WEPT Habitualactions(overandover)Age–tenía5años,tenía11añosLocation–estabaencasaDescribing(aperson,whereastorytakesplace…)Weather–hacíasol,llovíaEmotions–erafeliz,estabantristeProfession–eradoctoraTelltime–eranlas5:00am

• Irregular imperfecto de los veros

TriggerexpressionTodaslasnoches EverynightHabíaunavez OnceuponatimeCasisiempre AlmostalwaysPorlogeneral IngeneralLossábados TheSaturdaysAmenudo OftenDevezencuando OnceinawhileTodoslosdías EverydayCadadía EachdayMientras WhileConfrecuencia FrequentlyHacíapocotiempo ALittlewhileagoTodavía StillMuchasveces ManytimesNunca Never

IR–wentiba íbamosibas ibaisiba iban

SER–wasera éramoseras eraisera eran

VER-sawveía veíamosveías veíaisveía veían

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El Presente Perfecto – to have done something (Haber + <Verb>) Thisisacompoundtenseandrequiresyoutohave2verbscombinedtogethertoconjugatecorrectly:Haber+<verb>Whentouse:

• Speakingofapasteventwithoutreferencetoanyparticulartime• Anactionhasbeendone• Itmeans“have,has”inenglish

Haber(have,has)

PastParticpleofaVerb

he hemos -arverbs:stemwith–ado

has habéis -erverbs:stemwith–ido

ha han -irverbs:stemwith–ido

• Irregulardelosverbos

Future Tense • One form of the future tense the is “going” to do something

o Ir+a+infinativo=goingto

Ruleà-ído

atraer toattract à atraído

caer tofall à caído

creer tobelieve à creído

leer toread à leído

oír tohear à oído

poseer topossess à poseído

sonreír tosmile à soreído

traer tobring à traído

Ruleà-ierto

cubrir tocover à cubierto

descubrir todiscover à descubierto

abrir toopen à abierto

Ruleà-icho decir tosay/tell à dicho

Ruleà-echo hacer tomake/do à hecho

Ruleà-isto

proveer toprovide/furnish à provisto

ver tosee à visto

Ruleà-ito freír tofry à frito

Ruleà-uelto

volver toreturn à vuelto

devolver toreturn(something) à devuelto

resolver toresolve à resuelto

disolver todissolve à disuelto

envolver towrap/wrapup à envuelto

Ruleà-ido pudrir torot/languish à podrido

Ruleà-uestoponer toput/place/set à puesto

oponer tooppose à opuesto

Ruleà-uerto morir todie à muerto

Ruleà-to romper tobreak à roto

+

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Another form of the future tense is “will” do something AR-hablar ER/IR-vivir

Yo Hablaré Yo ViviréTú Hablarás Tú VivirásÉl/Ella/Ud. Hablará Él/Ella/Ud. ViviráNosotros Hablaremos Nosotros ViviremosVosotros Hablaréis Vosotros ViviréisEllos/Ellas/Uds. Hablarán Ellos/Ellas/Uds. Vivirán

o Irregular de los verbos decir à yo=diréhacer à yo=harépoder à yo=podréquerer à yo=querrésaber à yo=sabréponer à yo=pondrésalir à yo=saldrétener à yo=tendrévenir à yo=vendrévaler à yo=valdréhaber à yo=habrá

El condicional Usedtoexpress“would”inasentence…Staysintheinfiativeformwhenconjucating.

Hablar–wouldtalkHablaría HablaríamosHablarías HablaríaisHablaría Hablarían

• Irregulares verbos

tener–tohave à yo=tendríaponer–toput à yo=pondríahacer–tomake/do à yo=haríapoder–tobeableto à yo=podríadecir–tosay à yo=diríaquerer–towant à yo=querríasaber–toknow à yo=sabríasalir–toleave à yo=saldríavenir–tocome à yo=vendríahay/haber–therewouldbe à all=habría

(Present)SubjunctiveThesubjunctiveisusedwhentalkingaboutsomethingimaginaryorsomethingthathasnotactuallyhappened.(TaketheYOformoftheverbinpresenttense,dropthe“o”,addtheoppositevowelending:ar=e/;er/ir=a)

(AR)-hablar (ER/IR)-comer

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hable coma

hables comas

hable coma

hablemos comamos

habléis comáis

hablen coman

Any and all irregular “yo” forms, -car -gar -zar verbs, -ar -er and -ir stem changers, will keep those changes for all conjugations, except in the nos... & vos… form for -ar & -er stem changers. • -car,-gar,-zarverbskeepstheirchanges.

◦ sacar→saque ◦ jugar→juegue ◦ almorzar→almuerce• -arand-erstemchangerskeeptheirchanges,exceptinthenosotros&vosotrosform

◦ mostrar→muestro ◦ recomendar→recomiendo ◦ volver→vuelva• -irstemchangerskeeptheirchanges,Plusalittlestemchangeinthenosotrosandvosotrosform

◦ pedir → nosotros=pidamos, vosotros=pidáis◦ divertirse → nosotros=nosdivirtamos, vosotros=osdivirtáis◦ dormir → nosotros=durmamos, vosotros=durmáis yo=duerma

• irregularYoformskeepsthechanges◦ conducir→conduzca◦ conocer→conozca◦ decir→diga◦ destruir→destruya◦ hacer→haga◦ ofrecer→ofrezca

◦ oír→oiga◦ parecer→parezca◦ poner→ponga◦ proteger→proteja◦ recoger→recoja◦ reducir→reduzca

◦ tener→tenga◦ traducir→traduzca◦ traer→traiga◦ venir→venga◦ ver→vea

Irregular Subjunctive Dar Estar Ser Haber Ir Saber

dé esté sea haya vaya sepa

des estés seas hayas vayas sepas

dé esté sea haya vaya sepa

demos estemos seamos hayamos vayamos sepamos

deis estéis seáis hayáis vayáis sepáis

den estén sean hayan vayan sepan

Rules of forming the subjunctive tense • Atwoclausesentenceseperatedbya“que”• Achangeofthesubjectyo/él,mimamá/nosotros• Atriggersentence

When to use the Subjunctive form: (when talking about something imaginary or something that has not actually happened) Wishes,wantsEmotionImpersonalexpressionsRecommendationsDoubt,desire,denial

Affirmative tú commands Commands take the he/she form of the verb Hablar–totalk à tú=hablaComer–toeat à tú=come

Irregular

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venir→ventener→tenponer→pon

hacer→hazdecir→diir→ve

ser→sésalir→sal

Mandatos Accent Rules • Pronounsareplacedontheendoftheverb

◦ cómelo◦ salte

• Whenthreeormoresyllablesarepresent,gobacktotherootwordandthrowinanarbitraryaccentonthesecondtolastvowel◦ córtalo◦ dímelo

Mandatos/Mandatos + Subjuntivos Differences and comparison

Tú(informal) Usted(es)(formal)

Afirmativo“+” Negativo“-” Afirmativo“+” Negativo“-”

sal nosalgas salga(n) nosalga(n)

dímelo nomelodigas diga(n) nodiga(n)

dame nomedes d(é/en) nod(é/en)

córtalo nolocortes córtelo nolocorte(n)

Regularcommands(referto“affirmativetúcommands”)

Negativetúandusted(es),andpossativeusted(es)commandstakethesubjunctiveform.Theaccentrulesformandatosstillappliesfortheaffirmativeusted.

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Others Random Guia

Allá – Over there

Allí – There

Aquí – Here

Rápido – Faster

Miedo – Fear

Sueño – Tiredness

Hambre – Hunger

Sed – Thirst

Gente – People

Antes – Before

Por qué – Why

Antes de – Before (doing something) Después – After

Después de – After (doing something) Cuando – When (in question)

Cuando – When (relative)

Dónde – Where

Qué – What

Cómo – How

Como – Like

Este/esta – This

Ese/esa – That (with a noun)

Que – That (relative pronoun)

Porque – Because

Cuál – Which

Cuánto – How many/how much

Enseguida – Immediately

Luego – Then

Pronto – Soon

Entonces – Then

Más tarde – Later

Nunca – Never

Nuevo – New

Palabra – World

Joyas – Jewel

Dinero – Money

Directamente – Straight

Poco – Little

Probablemente – Probably

Aunque – Even though

Ejemplos – Example

Por – For

Para – In order to

Algo – Something

Ya – Already

Belleza – Beauty

Sino–Butrather

Peroalcontrario–Butonthe ContraryEnvezde–Insteadof

Porotrolado–Ontheotherhand

Deigualmanera–Inasimilar mannerDelamismamanera–inthesame waySimilarmente–Similarly

Sercapazde–Tobeableto

Aunahora–Evennow

Bastante–very

Así–Likethis,likethat

Asíque–So

Cada–Every

Lindo(a)–cute