Speaking in front of an Speaking in front of an audienceaudience

The rules of public speaking and the art of The rules of public speaking and the art of convincing – convincing –

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Speech and convincing as Speech and convincing as everyday toolseveryday tools

We all need to do in on an everyday basisWe all need to do in on an everyday basis It is an integral part from most subjects at It is an integral part from most subjects at

school, work, and lifeschool, work, and life Efficiency in performing a task – People will Efficiency in performing a task – People will

perform better if they understand the importance perform better if they understand the importance and need of the taskand need of the task

Increase motivationIncrease motivation Using simple explanation and allocating a small Using simple explanation and allocating a small

amount of time you may resolve many issues amount of time you may resolve many issues that might come up.that might come up.

Convincing in the 21Convincing in the 21stst century century

Rules have changed. Rules have changed. People are exposed to vast volumes of informationPeople are exposed to vast volumes of information You need to maximize your message in a minimized You need to maximize your message in a minimized

amount of time.amount of time.• Example – On a televised interview, the interviewee has an Example – On a televised interview, the interviewee has an

uninterrupted amount of time of between 2 -3 minutes.uninterrupted amount of time of between 2 -3 minutes.• Can you get your point across in such a short amount of Can you get your point across in such a short amount of

time?time?

Remember, the audience has a choice, Remember, the audience has a choice, they don’t they don’t have to sit and listen to you !have to sit and listen to you !

Preparing the speechPreparing the speech

Preparation is the key.Preparation is the key. Before making the speech, find out:Before making the speech, find out:

Who is your audience?Who is your audience?• Information about the audience and its needs is power, use it Information about the audience and its needs is power, use it

!!• Find out whom are the people that you are going to be Find out whom are the people that you are going to be

speaking to.speaking to.• Your audience might change even if your lecture stays the Your audience might change even if your lecture stays the

samesame• Match your speech to the level of the audience.Match your speech to the level of the audience.• People from all levels would like the speaker to talk to them People from all levels would like the speaker to talk to them

in their level.in their level.

Preparing the speechPreparing the speech

What will your audience like?What will your audience like? Get the same point across but in different Get the same point across but in different

formats matching the audience’s needsformats matching the audience’s needs The younger the audience, the more activities The younger the audience, the more activities

you will need to keep them interested.you will need to keep them interested. What is your point?What is your point?

Every speech must have a point that will Every speech must have a point that will make the audience understand what is the make the audience understand what is the point of your speech.point of your speech.

Preparing the speechPreparing the speech

Find out how many people you are going Find out how many people you are going to be talking to.to be talking to.

Find out the time allocated for your Find out the time allocated for your speech.speech.

Study the subject matter in details.Study the subject matter in details.

Building the definitionBuilding the definition Define the topic and key terminologyDefine the topic and key terminology

In every discussion define the content of the In every discussion define the content of the discussion from the get go.discussion from the get go.

A speaker that defines the terminology has a big A speaker that defines the terminology has a big advantage over other speakers and is convincing advantage over other speakers and is convincing powers have grown.powers have grown.

In order to convince you need to be understood. In order to convince you need to be understood. Definitions improve understanding.Definitions improve understanding.

Definitions are essential. Without them the discussion Definitions are essential. Without them the discussion is going to be superficial and ineffective.is going to be superficial and ineffective.

The definition must be simple and understandable. It The definition must be simple and understandable. It will not reduce the point of your argument by using will not reduce the point of your argument by using simple definitions.simple definitions.

Defining the propositionDefining the proposition

A good proposition will be made out of 3 parts:A good proposition will be made out of 3 parts: What is the proposition?What is the proposition? Why do I suggest this proposition?Why do I suggest this proposition?

• Define the problem you are trying to solve in current situationDefine the problem you are trying to solve in current situation• Without presenting the problem we cant discuss the solutionWithout presenting the problem we cant discuss the solution• When you have a small proposition to define a huge problemWhen you have a small proposition to define a huge problem

How to implement the propositionHow to implement the proposition

The point of the speech is first to get the The point of the speech is first to get the audience to listen, then to convince audience to listen, then to convince them !them !

The more you know about your audience, The more you know about your audience, its opinions, the issues on their minds, the its opinions, the issues on their minds, the better you will be able to chose the point of better you will be able to chose the point of contradiction that will convince more of the contradiction that will convince more of the audience.audience.

Every discussion is an straggle between Every discussion is an straggle between many points of contradiction where each many points of contradiction where each side is pulling towards the point that is more side is pulling towards the point that is more comfortable to him.comfortable to him.

Selecting your argumentsSelecting your arguments

For every argument presented there is an For every argument presented there is an equal counter argument.equal counter argument.

While choosing your arguments, think While choosing your arguments, think about the counterarguments that might be about the counterarguments that might be brought up by your opponent.brought up by your opponent.

Before you dismiss an argument, find Before you dismiss an argument, find three good things to say about itthree good things to say about it

3 Is the magic number of arguments. 3 Is the magic number of arguments. More then 3 will loose its effectivness.More then 3 will loose its effectivness.

How to choose your argument How to choose your argument points? points?

The points should support you conflict The points should support you conflict point!point!

The points should cover many subjects The points should cover many subjects and not just one specific topicand not just one specific topic

How to develop your points – How to develop your points – Analysis in a short time frameAnalysis in a short time frame

Do not display an argument if you can not Do not display an argument if you can not explain it.explain it.

An analysis is being made using facts and An analysis is being made using facts and examplesexamples

FACTS FACTS Do not make up statistics under any circumstances!Do not make up statistics under any circumstances! If you don’t have facts that support your point, do not If you don’t have facts that support your point, do not

present any factspresent any facts Examples – The ideal situation for maximum Examples – The ideal situation for maximum

effectiveness of your point is to bring one or two effectiveness of your point is to bring one or two examples for each argument.examples for each argument.

Time ManagementTime Management

There are two facts about time There are two facts about time management:management: You cant control the time you are born or your You cant control the time you are born or your

time of death.time of death. Every thing between these points is Every thing between these points is

negotiable.negotiable.

Time ManagementTime Management

Time is a valuable resource and should be Time is a valuable resource and should be handled properly.handled properly.

Time limit exists even if it is not defined. Time limit exists even if it is not defined. Limit the time of your speech even if you Limit the time of your speech even if you are note required to.are note required to.

Control your time, otherwise someone else Control your time, otherwise someone else is going to control YOUR time.is going to control YOUR time.

Tools to assist you with time Tools to assist you with time managementmanagement

While preparing for your speech, time While preparing for your speech, time yourself and break the speech into parts.yourself and break the speech into parts.

Define the important points and Define the important points and concentrate on them.concentrate on them. Match your speech to your audienceMatch your speech to your audience Every speaker is measured by its added valueEvery speaker is measured by its added value Addressing previous speakers should not be Addressing previous speakers should not be

more then a 3more then a 3rdrd of your speech. of your speech.

Time ManagementTime Management

Organized speech.Organized speech. If you talk for less amount of time but your speech is If you talk for less amount of time but your speech is

more organized, the audience will understand you more organized, the audience will understand you better.better.

Fast talkingFast talking If you are a fast talker, you must be organized.If you are a fast talker, you must be organized. Emphasize the important points by speaking slowly.Emphasize the important points by speaking slowly. Fast talking is possible when your audience is familiar Fast talking is possible when your audience is familiar

with the subject matter.with the subject matter.

How to be an organized speakerHow to be an organized speaker

Organization will assist the audience Organization will assist the audience understand our speech.understand our speech.

Organized speech will assist the speaker Organized speech will assist the speaker with the presentation by dividing the with the presentation by dividing the speech, manage time and avoiding speech, manage time and avoiding confusion if the speech was stopped for confusion if the speech was stopped for answering questions.answering questions.

How to be an organized speakerHow to be an organized speaker

There are two principles for organized There are two principles for organized speech:speech: Clear structureClear structure Clear paperClear paper

How to be an organized speakerHow to be an organized speaker

Clear StructureClear Structure OpeningOpening

• Define your proposalDefine your proposal• Present the purpose of your proposalPresent the purpose of your proposal• Define the conflict point and an overview of your Define the conflict point and an overview of your

argumentsarguments Body – Presenting your argumentsBody – Presenting your arguments Conclusion – A brief summery of the main Conclusion – A brief summery of the main

points of your speechpoints of your speech

How to be an organized speakerHow to be an organized speaker

Clear paper – Use a sheet of paper to Clear paper – Use a sheet of paper to assist you with your speechassist you with your speech

Under no circumstances read from the Under no circumstances read from the paper. It should be used as an aid only.paper. It should be used as an aid only.

Use one sheet of paper and organize it in Use one sheet of paper and organize it in the same manner that the speech is the same manner that the speech is organized organized

Using Humor during your speechUsing Humor during your speech

Start the speech strong and end it strongStart the speech strong and end it strong How to use humor at the beginning of the How to use humor at the beginning of the

speech:speech: Make fun of the situation your are atMake fun of the situation your are at If there is a common motif in your audience If there is a common motif in your audience

make fun of it but be careful not to offend.make fun of it but be careful not to offend. Start your speech by presenting the previous Start your speech by presenting the previous

speaker in a humorous light but to make the speaker in a humorous light but to make the discussion to a personal match.discussion to a personal match.

Using Humor during your speechUsing Humor during your speech

If you are a “funny” person with a good If you are a “funny” person with a good sense of humor, use it.sense of humor, use it.

Do not make the humor the main point of Do not make the humor the main point of the discussionthe discussion

It is recommended to use several jokes at It is recommended to use several jokes at the right time and place.the right time and place.

If you are not a “Funny” speaker, don’t try If you are not a “Funny” speaker, don’t try to force it.to force it.

How to keep the audience How to keep the audience interestedinterested

Keep it on the same level as your Keep it on the same level as your audienceaudience Identify – Help the audience identify with your Identify – Help the audience identify with your

sideside Interact – A good speaker create interaction Interact – A good speaker create interaction

with the audience and build trustwith the audience and build trust In order to keep the audience interested, In order to keep the audience interested,

make sure they understand !make sure they understand !

How to keep the audience How to keep the audience interestedinterested

Use everyday, real life examplesUse everyday, real life examples Using visual aidsUsing visual aids

Handouts, computer presentation, slides, Handouts, computer presentation, slides, video clipsvideo clips

Visual aids are interesting and can transfer Visual aids are interesting and can transfer your point across.your point across.

How to answer questionsHow to answer questions

Allow the audience to ask questions at a point Allow the audience to ask questions at a point that is convenient for you.that is convenient for you.

Keep the number of questions during the Keep the number of questions during the presentation low. (appr. 1 q/4 minutes of presentation low. (appr. 1 q/4 minutes of speech)speech)

Do not show that you don’t know the answerDo not show that you don’t know the answer Do not read out of a paperDo not read out of a paper Explain better – be aware of the audiences Explain better – be aware of the audiences

response.response. Do not ignore any question.Do not ignore any question.

How to ask questionsHow to ask questions

Get to the pointGet to the point Write down the question prior to asking Write down the question prior to asking

(especially if it is in a foreign language)(especially if it is in a foreign language) Ask the question in between topics.Ask the question in between topics. Do not divulge ideas by asking questionsDo not divulge ideas by asking questions Do not ask rhetorical questionsDo not ask rhetorical questions If the person in front of you seem secure If the person in front of you seem secure

but does not say much , tire him with but does not say much , tire him with questionsquestions

How to deal with disturbancesHow to deal with disturbances

Mutual respect with the audience is keyMutual respect with the audience is key Talk to them on their levelTalk to them on their level Avoid offending the audienceAvoid offending the audience Keep calm ! In an emotional discussion the Keep calm ! In an emotional discussion the

one who keeps calm and stays logical winsone who keeps calm and stays logical wins Stick to the time allocated.Stick to the time allocated.

How to deal with disturbancesHow to deal with disturbances

Concentrate on the ones who are not convincedConcentrate on the ones who are not convinced Concentrating on the ones that are convinced and Concentrating on the ones that are convinced and

ignoring the ones who are not , will not convince them ignoring the ones who are not , will not convince them more, but will make them start doubting.more, but will make them start doubting.

3 ways to deal with “chronic” disturbance3 ways to deal with “chronic” disturbance Ignore themIgnore them Ask them to stop , show the audience you are in Ask them to stop , show the audience you are in

controlcontrol Confront themConfront them

Presentation and stancePresentation and stance

When speaking to an audience, it is better When speaking to an audience, it is better to stand then to sitto stand then to sit

Stand tall not bentStand tall not bent Move around and/or in between the Move around and/or in between the

audienceaudience Better not to hold anything in your hands Better not to hold anything in your hands

while talkingwhile talking You your hands, but don’t over do it.You your hands, but don’t over do it. Keep calm – assume you own the stageKeep calm – assume you own the stage

Presentation and stancePresentation and stance Look FreshLook Fresh

““Transmit” energy and excitement during your Transmit” energy and excitement during your speech, any day , any timespeech, any day , any time

The audience is your “customer” it wants to see you The audience is your “customer” it wants to see you at your best.at your best.

Dress – Match the dress to the audienceDress – Match the dress to the audience Tone & SpeechTone & Speech

Volume – Speak laud enough to be heard but not to Volume – Speak laud enough to be heard but not to laud to intimidate.laud to intimidate.

Facial expressions should match your point as much Facial expressions should match your point as much as possible.as possible.

Stay involved as much as possibleStay involved as much as possible

What not to do during a speechWhat not to do during a speech

Do not speak from your gut , get over excited or Do not speak from your gut , get over excited or shout.shout. The best way to fight emotions is to present facts.The best way to fight emotions is to present facts. In emotional discussion the calm presenter will always In emotional discussion the calm presenter will always

appear better.appear better.

Do not show lack of confidenceDo not show lack of confidence Always present self confidenceAlways present self confidence If you are not portraying confidence in your point, the If you are not portraying confidence in your point, the

audience will surly not going to.audience will surly not going to. Appear fully confident in your pointAppear fully confident in your point

What not to do during a speechWhat not to do during a speech

Never present anything that is damaging about Never present anything that is damaging about yourselfyourself Do not present weaknesses as a person or a speakerDo not present weaknesses as a person or a speaker Believe in yourselfBelieve in yourself

If you are presenting with a partnerIf you are presenting with a partner Do not barge into each other's speechDo not barge into each other's speech Do not contradict each otherDo not contradict each other Do not whisper to one another while other people are Do not whisper to one another while other people are

talking.talking.

Concluding your speechConcluding your speech The conclusion’s purpose is to remind the The conclusion’s purpose is to remind the

audience your speech in the best possible way.audience your speech in the best possible way. Time limitation – Allow time for the conclusionTime limitation – Allow time for the conclusion Repeat the main points in an organized mannerRepeat the main points in an organized manner

Repeat the conflict point, your suggestions and your Repeat the conflict point, your suggestions and your main points.main points.

Do not repeat the whole speech just the main pointsDo not repeat the whole speech just the main points The conclusion should point out the bottom line of The conclusion should point out the bottom line of

each point and how they supported your claim.each point and how they supported your claim. Even if you talked fast throughout the speech, the Even if you talked fast throughout the speech, the

conclusion should be slow.conclusion should be slow. Review either chronologically or by subject.Review either chronologically or by subject.