Teaching Phonemic Awareness and

Phonetic AnalysisSPED 366

Vocabulary To LearnOnset Rime: Taking the initial

consonant or blend and adding a group of letters to make a word.EXAMPLE: B = onset at = rime

B atP atS atM atC at

More VocabularyPhonemes: Smallest unit of sound.

There are 24 consonant phonemes and 16 vowel phonemes.

Phonemic Awareness: Awareness of sounds that make words

Phonemic Segmentation: Pronouncing single sounds EXAMPLE: /c/ /a/ /t/ saying each sound separately

Phonemic Blending: Putting the sounds together to make a word.EXAMPLE: /c/ /a/ /t/ cat

Phonetic AnalysisRules used to decode words.Two types of phonetic analysis

Analytic phonics – teaching students to analyze letter-sound relations in previously learned words.EXAMPLE: Know: “battle

Use “battle” to point out parts to learn the word, “batter.”

Synthetic phonics – Teaching students to covert letters into sounds and then blend the sounds to form words.

Sequence for Phonics InstructionFrom textbook: by Orton (1964); page 127

/b/, /s/, /f/, /m/, /t/ in initial and final positionsShort /a/All consonants except the five mentioned aboveShort vowels /o/, /i/, /u/, and /e/Consonant diagraphs /sh/, /ch/, /th/, /wh/Initial consonant blends /bl/ etc., /dr/ etc., /st/etc.Final consonant blends /nd/, /nk/, /ck/ etc.Long vowels (i.e. silent e; double vowels) R-influenced vowels /er/, /ir/, /ur/, /ar/Suffixes (e.g., s, ed, ing, es, etc.)Vowel teams /ai/, /ea/, /ow/, /oa/Vowel dipthongs /oi/, /oy/, /au/Prefixes (e.g, pre, re, dis, pro, mis, etc.

Before You Teach Determine Discrimination of Sounds

Auditory Discrimination: The ability to differentiate and process sounds correctly. This is also known as auditory processing

Students experiencing auditory discrimination problems also have difficultyPaying attention and remembering information

presented orallyCarrying out multi-step oral directionsListeningOften need more time to process informationOften ask for clarification of what was said

Structural AnalysisBreaking words into parts or syllables, prefixes,

suffixes, etc.There are 6 syllable rules:

Divide between two consonants Bat tle, mid dle, mon key

Divide between two words (compound words) Truck/load, lip/stick, cup/board

Divide after a syllable that ends in a long vowel sound To/ma/to mi/ner o/bey

Divide after a syllable that contains a short vowel sound Lim/it min/ute met/ al

If you have a vowel team, divide between two vowels Ra/di/o cas/u/al con/gru/ent

Divide after prefixes (e.g., re/tell, mis/spell) and BEFORE suffixes (e.g, bus/es, sleep/ing, hap/pi/ness)

Phonics InstructionMUST BE EXPLICIT

ModelGuided practiceIndependent practice

For young children, instruction should be maximum 20 minutes daily.

Older children can learn how to decode, but instruction should be VERY explicit

Make instruction fun by including games.Use anchor charts

Syllabication Divide these words into syllables. State the

syllable ruleMultiplyComfortableHostilePosition