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Rich BaldwinVice President, Military Sales

5/11/05

2© 2004 ACSS

Today’s TopicToday’s Topic

Safety/Surveillance Considerations

for

UAVs

3© 2004 ACSS

AgendaAgenda

About ACSS

UAV Market Picture

UAV Market Influencers

UAV Safety

Future Directions

“We've already had two midair collisions between UAVs and other airplanes. We have got to get our arms around this thing…"

Gen. John Jumper said, according to United Press International

4© 2004 ACSS

Innovative Solutions for Safe FlightInnovative Solutions for Safe Flight

Our Avionics Improve Safety and Situational Awareness

Aircraft Collision Avoidance Systems

Terrain Collision Avoidance Systems

Aircraft-to-Aircraft Data Communication

Data Link Communications (Aircraft-to-Ground/Ground-to-Aircraft)

5© 2004 ACSS

StructureStructure

ACSS, an L-3 Communications & Thales Company

Joint Venture Company

Operated As L-3 Communications Company

Managed by an Executive Board With Representatives From Both Companies

L-370%

Thales30%

CompanyCompany

ACSS

Leading-Edge Surveillance Products for Global Aviation

TCAS

TAWS

T2CAS

Mode S/IFF

Thales Avionics Represents ACSS Products in the Commercial Air Transport Market

6© 2004 ACSS

7© 2004 ACSS

UAV Market PictureUAV Market Picture

Two Major Market Challenges:

1. Resolution of airspace management and current FAA regulatory roadblocks (File and Fly)

Will determine applied surveillance ops procedures

2. Evaluation of aerial missions best suited for UAVs

Will determine safety technology needs

The show is on!Major players continue to form alliances and purchase subsystem developers in a strategic chess match

8© 2004 ACSS

UAV MarketUAV Market

Approximately $12 Billion in U.S. funding with 12% CAGR 2005-2010 in two main areas:

Commercial Platforms

Tactical/Combat Platforms

55%

20%

14%

10%1%

US

Europe

Asia

Middle Eastand SouthAsia

Rest of theWorld

Source for breakout of w orld market, Aerospace Daily, December 6, 2002

9© 2004 ACSS

UAV World UAV World MarketMarket

Most Growth: UCAV

Total Total Avionics MarketAvionics Market 2004-2020: 1800M (w/o support) 2004-2020: 1800M (w/o support)

Vehicles Quantity per year

0

100

200

300

400

500

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

HALE MALE TUAV UCAV

Avionics Market per year - MEuros

0

50

100

150

200

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

HALE MALE TUAV UCAV

10© 2004 ACSS

Planned Global UAV ExpendituresPlanned Global UAV Expenditures

Source: OSD Roadmap 2002

DoD Annual Funding Profile For UAVs($M(TY$))

$106

$144

$165 $2

52 $430

$225

$267

$272

$553

$359

$420

$388

$284 $363

$763

$1,3

66 $1,6

44

$2,1

01

$1,9

56

$2,0

10

$2,7

43

$3,2

21

$-

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500

$3,000

$3,500

1988

1989

1991

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Includes: A/C Control stations Maintenance

Significant GrowthSignificant Growth 2000 - 20102000 - 2010

11© 2004 ACSS

UAV Mission VariantsUAV Mission Variants

CurrentFuture

ReconnaissanceSurveillanceTarget AcquisitionBattle Management

ReconnaissanceMine DetectionMappingSurveillanceTarget Acquisition & DesignationSIGINTBattle ManagementCommunications RelayJammingOffensive A/G MissionsDefensive A/A…

Forest Fire DetectionEnvironmental MonitoringAgricultureFishingLaw enforcement…

CivilCivil

MilitaryMilitary

Concepts of use are emerging Mission variants will impose

system definition UAVs may pave the way for

one - man cockpit in civil a/c

12© 2004 ACSS

UAV Border Patrol ScenarioUAV Border Patrol Scenario

13© 2004 ACSS

Airspace Integration HierarchyAirspace Integration Hierarchy

1200 feet AGL

18,000 feet

Class 1 and 2 Micro and Mini UAVsCommercial (future-primarily), Military MarketNo Collision Avoidance SystemMost Likely a 1:1 Ratio UAV:Controller

Class 2 and 3 MALE Mini and Tactical UAVsCommercial, Homeland Defense & Military MarketTransponder*, See & Avoid, VFR Qualifications

Class 3 Tactical UAVsHomeland Defense & Military MarketTransponder, See & Avoid, DME, IFR Qualifications

Class 4 and 5 HALE UAVs and UCAVCommercial, Homeland Defense & Military MarketTransponder, See & Avoid, DME, IFR Qualifications

60,000 feet Global Hawk

Predator

Pioneer

Shadow

Hunter

Pointer

Dragon Eye

Micro AVs

* Transponders required above 10,000 ft

Class E“other”

Class A

Class E*“other”

Class GNot

regulated

10,000 ft

4,000 ft

2,500 ftClass D

Class C

Class B

AirspaceClass

Class 6 Ultra HALE UAVs Helios

Class D

Class C

Class B

14© 2004 ACSS

UAV Surveillance ScenarioUAV Surveillance Scenario

15© 2004 ACSS

UAV Surveillance ScenarioUAV Surveillance Scenario

16© 2004 ACSS

C2 Assets

UCSELEMENT

AIR VEHICLE ELEMENT

UAV SURFACE COMPONENT

LAUNCH&

RECOVERY ELEMENT

PROPULSION

UNIT

AVIONICS

UNIT

UAV AIR COMPONENT

Operator(s)

UAV SYSTEMSTANAG 4586

DATALINK

ELEMENT

PAYLOAD ELEMENTMISSION

AND

PAYLOAD

UAVs & NetworkcentricityUAVs & Networkcentricity

17© 2004 ACSS

UAV UAV Potential Functions: SafetyPotential Functions: SafetyUCAV HALE MALE TUAV

On ground mission preparation/planning/replanning X X X XIn flight mission management X X X XFlight management

Flight Plan management X x x xTrajectory (manoeuvers) elaboration X x x xGuidance (Lateral / Vertical / Speed)

Autonomous take off and landing X x xTBA XTraffic avoidance X x X xTerrain avoidance X xAir to air refuelling X x xFormation keeping X

Remote control X X X XBackup : "Go Back Home" X X X x

Localisation/NavigationPrecise localization X Xx x xSecure localization X X X -Anti Jamming X X XSpeed X Xx xAir Data X X X xAttitude X X X xGround Position X x xFormation keeping X

SurveillanceTraffic X x X xTerrain X xWeather X x xIFF X x x

Data link communication X X X X

UxAV Functions

ON

GROUND

ON

BOARD

18© 2004 ACSS

UAV Market EnvironmentUAV Market Environment

Technology Considerations

New Control System Algorithms

Demonstrated for autonomous evasion capability

Lengthy roadmaps to test vehicle

Next stage will merge terrain data into flight model

Intelligent Autonomy

Networking/swarming

Ongoing funding

ACSS UAV Thinking

Organic technology

Systems technology (networks and/or partner bundles)

Platform and packaging (mil spec)

19© 2004 ACSS

FAA Perspectives on Collision AvoidanceFAA Perspectives on Collision Avoidance

TCAS II (TSO C-119) avionics is inappropriate for UAV collision avoidance

Designed for pilot in the loop

Bearing accuracy does not support maneuvers in the horizontal plane

Not certified for autonomous RA response

Advocates Mode-S transponder equipage for collision avoidance

Allows TCAS II equipped aircraft RA protection against UAV

TCAS II may be appropriate with independent See and Avoid capability (system)

New technology

20© 2004 ACSS

UAV Safety Mission: Technology DriversUAV Safety Mission: Technology Drivers

1. National Airspace (NAS) Penetration

2. Tactical/NCO/ISR Ops

Sense & Avoid (SAA) TechnologiesCooperative/Non-Cooperative

Via transponder interrogation

Equivalent Level of Safety (ELOS)Same as ‘see and avoid’ (Pi-Bot)

Sensor use Optical, infrared, radar

Present Limiting FactorsBandwidth limitations

Transmission time delay

Future

Autonomous operation (commercial and military ops)

Landing/Refueling

21© 2004 ACSS

Market SurveyMarket Survey

ConsiderationsPrograms

ACESS 5

Global Hawk

Predator

J-UCAS

SeFAR

DARPA Projects

MALE UAV

FAA Expected Behavior

Engineering PlanningTechnology Requirements

IP Considerations and future applications

Validation of Potential Business/Market Capture

22© 2004 ACSS

FAA OEP

DoDEfforts

2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 2024 2025

FAA FlightPlan

FAA Joint ATM

Vision

FAA Joint ATM

Vision

Develop UAV Standards

Revise 7610.4

Define ELOS

File-and FlyDemo Prep

On-Going “En Route Restratification,Resectorization and Rerouting”

“Develop policies, procedures, andapproval processes” for UAV ops

Regulations Analysis

DHS Efforts

ASTM

Access 5

F38 Comm.Formed

UAV Standards forAircrew, Air Traffic,Airworthiness

= Information/Resources Flow

7610.4 Revisions as needed

On-going S&A sensor develop.

Airworth Criteria into MIL HDBK 516 (or equivalent)

ROA Airports

FullAccess

UAV SupportFor DHS

UAV ConopsDevelopment

High AltAccess

BetterAccess

= Goal/Milestone

Standards-Based UAVRegulations In-Place

7610.4 UAV Section DeletedGATM Compliant UAVs

Around the CountryFile-and-Fly Demo

Airspace Opento HALE UAVs

High Altitude Phase 1 Expansion (Above 39,000’ at Seven Air Route Traffic Control Centers)

High Altitude Phase 2 Expansion(Moderate to High Density Airspace)

= Future Goal (Dates subject to change)

Management of Airspace

Control byException

Full UAV Integration

Full Integration of Military UAVs into the NAS

Autonomy Level10+ Achieved

F2411 S&AStandard

DOD UAV Airspace Integration MilestonesDOD UAV Airspace Integration Milestones

23© 2004 ACSS

Safety Roadmap: ACCESS 5Safety Roadmap: ACCESS 5

Scheduled at NASA Dryden

Flown as UAV, pilot in cockpit for flight safety

Controlled from ground

Full TCAS system installed

ACCESS 5 Flight Test

First TCAS II to fly in UAV

24© 2004 ACSS

Who Will Ensure UAV Safety?Who Will Ensure UAV Safety?

Regulators and Aviation Industry

Working together, we will ensure new technology options and rule making to provide equivalent levels of safety among manned and un-manned aircraft.

25© 2004 ACSS

SummarySummary

UAV Market is GrowingVariety of sizes and capabilities

Substantial expenditures in the years to come

More UAVs = More TrafficGreater need for surveillance and other safety systems

26© 2004 ACSS

Questions