splash screen. chapter menu chapter introduction section 1:section 1:ancient greece section...

Splash Screen

Chapter Menu

Chapter Introduction

Section 1: Ancient Greece

Section 2: Rome and the Rise of Christianity

Visual Summary

http://www.glencoe.com/

Chapter Intro

How did the Greeks and Romans shape our culture?

Today we still see Greek and Roman contributions in Western civilization. The Greeks gave us the foundations for democracy, art, philosophy, and drama. The Romans provided a pattern for representative government and city building. They were also practical civil engineers, building multipurpose structures like the Pont du Gard, a bridge to move trade and troops and an aqueduct that carried water.

• What influences of the Greeks andRomans impact your life?

• What types of cultural influences doyou find in your own community?


Chapter Intro


Chapter Intro 1

Ancient Greece

What were the developments of ancient Greek civilizations that still influence us today?


Chapter Intro 2

Rome and the Rise of Christianity

What factors led to Rome’s rise and decline?


Chapter Preview-End


Section 1-Main Idea

The BIG Idea

Ideas, Beliefs, and Values For a long time, Greek life was centered around the polis, but Alexander the Great’s conquests spread Greek culture.


Section 1-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• epic poem

• polis

• acropolis

• democracy

• oligarchy

• direct democracy

Academic Vocabulary

• classical • ethics


Section 1-Key Terms

People and Places

• Mycenae

• Homer

• Sparta

• Athens

• Pericles

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

• Alexander the Great


A. A

B. B

Section 1-Polling Question

Do you agree with the adage, “The pen is mightier than the sword”?

A. Agree

B. Disagree

A B

0%0%


Section 1

Early Greek Civilization

Homer’s epic poems provided the foundation for classical Greek education. Athens and Sparta were both influenced by this tradition.


Section 1

• Mycenae was the first Greek state that was ruled by powerful monarchies.

• Homer wrote two epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, about the Trojan War.

• By 750 B.C., the city-state, or polis, had become the focus of Greek life. There, people would meet for political, social, and religious activities.

Early Greek Civilization (cont.)


Section 1

• The main gathering area was usually the acropolis, a fortified area at the top of a hill.

• The agora was an open area below the acropolis where people would assemble.

• The Greek city-states had different forms of government.


− Democracy: a government by the people, or rule by the many

− Oligarchy: rule of the few


Section 1

• The two most powerful city-states were Sparta and Athens.

• Sparta


− Sparta was a military state. All men in Sparta joined the military, and stayed in the army until they were 60.

− The government was an oligarchy headed by two kings who led the army.


Section 1

− Ephors were elected annually and were in charge of education and the conduct of Spartan citizens.


− Philosophy, literature, and travel were discouraged. The art of war was the only ideal.


Section 1

• Athens


− Early Athens was ruled by aristocrats who owned the best land.

− The threat of civil war convinced aristocrats to hand over power to Solon, who ended the economic problems by canceling land debts and freeing people enslaved for debt.


Section 1

− Another reformer, Cleisthenes, created a council of 500 men to oversee governmental affairs.


− This idea of legislative assembly created the foundations of Athenian democracy.


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Which of the following activities would have been encouraged in Spartan society?

A. Studying literary works

B. Traveling to other city-states

C. Physical fitness training

D. Studying philosophy


Section 1

Classical Greece

Classical Greek ideas about government, philosophy, and the arts created the foundation of Western society.


Section 1

• Pericles became a dominant leader in Athens after the defeat of the Persians.

• The Age of Pericles witnessed an expansion of the empire that is considered the height of Athenian power and brilliance.

• Pericles also expanded democracy to all male citizens and enabled all citizens to play a role in the government, making it a direct democracy.

Classical Greece (cont.)

Comparing Democratic Systems


Section 1

• Sparta feared the growing Athenian empire, leading to the outbreak the Great Peloponnesian War in 431 B.C.

• Athens lost the war and the Athenian empire was destroyed. The war weakened all of the major Greek states.



Section 1

• Classical Greece was a period of intellectual and cultural growth.

• The most important form of architecture was the temple that was dedicated to a god or goddess.

• The Parthenon is the greatest example of the classical Greek temple.



Section 1

• The first Greek dramas were tragedies and were presented in a trilogy.

• Today, the only complete Greek tragedy we possess is called Oresteia written by Aeschylus.

• Three Greek philosophersSocrates, Plato, and Aristotleestablished the foundations of Western philosophy.



Section 1

• Socrates


− Believed the goal of education was to improve the individual

− Taught students to live their lives by a code of ethics

− He used a question-and-answer format to lead students to find answers for themselves, called the Socratic Method.


Section 1

• Plato


− Student of Socrates. He was fascinated with the question of reality.

− Wrote his ideas of government in a work entitled The Republic

− Considered by many to be the greatest philosopher of Western civilization


Section 1

• Aristotle


− Student of Plato. He believed people’s happiness is tied to their behavior.

− Interested in classifying and analyzing things based on observation and investigation

− He did not seek an ideal state, but rather studied existing governments and favored constitutional government.


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

How did the Great Peloponnesian War weaken the Greek states?

A. The war killed most of the adult males.

B. They were not willing to cooperate with each other after the war.

C. Most of the naval ships were destroyed.

D. Trade was interrupted and food was scarce.


Section 1

Alexander and the Hellenistic Era

Alexander the Great spread Greek culture across Southwest Asia, into Egypt, and to India.


Section 1

• In 338 B.C. Phillip II of Macedonia invaded Greece and defeated the Greek states at the Battle of Chaeronea.

• When he took the throne at age 20, Alexander the Great continued the plan of his deceased father, Phillip II, to conquer Persia.

• Alexander and his army took possession of the Persian Empire and continued moving east until he reached India.

Alexander and the Hellenistic Era (cont.)

The Empire of Alexander the Great, 323 B.C.


Section 1

• Alexander the Great created a new age, the Hellenistic Era, which saw the spread of Greek culture and ideas to Southwest Asia and beyond.

• Alexander’s unified kingdom did not last, and four Hellenistic kingdoms arose: Macedonia, Syria, Egypt, and Pergamum in western Asia Minor.


The Empire of Alexander the Great, 323 B.C.


Section 1

• The Hellenistic Era saw many cultural accomplishments, especially in Alexandria and Pergamum, where great libraries were built and thousands of statues were erected.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Which of the following was not a Hellenistic kingdom that succeeded Alexander?

A. Macedonia

B. Constantinople

C. Syria

D. Pergamum


Section 1-End


Section 2-Main Idea

The BIG Idea

Order and Security The Romans created a large and successful empire that spread Greco-Roman culture and later Christianity.


Section 2-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• republic

• patrician

• plebeian

• imperator

• Christianity

Academic Vocabulary

• virtually • transformation


Section 2-Key Terms

People and Places

• Rome

• Carthage

• Hannibal

• Julius Caesar

• Augustus

• Pax Romana

• Jesus

• Constantine


A. A

B. B

Section 2-Polling Question

Do you think that a ruler who is feared is more effective than a ruler who is loved?

A. Yes

B. No

A B

0%0%


Section 2

The Rise of Rome

The Romans were able to use their political and military skills to create a large and successful empire.


Section 2

• An Indo-European people known as the Romans were living in the hills of Rome by 1000 B.C. They were herders and farmers who spoke Latin.

• The Greeks and the Etruscans heavily influenced the development of Rome.

• The Romans eventually overthrew the last Etruscan king and by 264 B.C., Rome had conquered virtually all of Italy.

The Rise of Rome (cont.)


Section 2

• The Romans formed the Roman Confederation, which allowed some peoples to have full Roman citizenship, while others were made allies.

• Allies could run their own local affairs as long as they provided soldiers for Rome.



Section 2

• The Romans fought three wars with Carthage, a large trading empire in North Africa.

• During the second war, the Romans defeated the Carthaginian general, Hannibal, and gained Spain.

• By the end of the wars, Rome had gained Macedonia, Greece, and Pergamum, making it the dominant power in the Mediterranean Sea.


Punic Wars, 264–146 B.C.


Section 2

• In 509 B.C., the Romans established a republic.

• Patricians and plebeians made up Roman society. Men in both groups were citizens and could vote; however, only patricians, the wealthy landowners, could be elected to public office.



Section 2

• Roman government

− Two consuls, chosen every year, ran the government and led the army into war.

− A praetor was in charge of civil law.

− The Roman Senate was made up of 300 patricians who were elected for life and advised government officials.

− The centuriate assembly elected chief officials and passed laws.



Section 2

− The council of plebs was also given some power.

• In 45 B.C., Julius Caesar was made dictator after he defeated Pompey. He was assassinated in 44 B.C.

• The Senate gave Caesar’s heir, Octavian, the title of Augustus, meaning the revered one.



Section 2

• The Senate also gave Augustus the title of imperator, making him the first emperor of the Roman Empire.

• The Pax Romana was a period of peace that lasted for about 200 years. The building of roads and public works was undertaken to help the empire.

• At its height, the Roman Empire was one of the greatest states the world has ever seen, with much prosperity, peace, and high levels of trade.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

What was the Pax Romana?

A. The Roman system of law

B. A system of roads throughout the empire

C. A period of Roman peace and prosperity

D. A time period when the Senate regained control of Rome


Section 2

The Roman Empire

The Romans spread Greco-Roman arts and culture throughout the empire.


Section 2

• Roman culture spread through the empire and mixed with the existing Greek culture, resulting in a Greco-Roman civilization.

• The Romans borrowed heavily from Greek styles of art and architecture.

• The Romans used concrete on a massive scale to construct roads, bridges, and aqueducts throughout the empire.

The Roman Empire (cont.)


Section 2

• The Age of Augustus is known as the golden age of Latin literature.

• Virgil was a distinguished poet who wrote the Aeneid. He believed Rome’s gift was the art of ruling.

• Livy was a Roman historian who saw history in terms of moral lessons.



Section 2

• Slavery was common in the ancient world, and the Romans depended heavily on slave labor for household duties and the building of public works.

• The slaves were treated poorly and in 73 B.C., a gladiator named Spartacus led a revolt of 70,000 slaves who defeated several Roman armies before they were captured and put to death.



Section 2

• Rome was a city of grandeur unequaled anywhere in the world. However, a large gap existed between the rich and the poor.

• The wealthy lived in comfortable villas, while the poor lived in apartment complexes called insulae.

• The emperor provided entertainment for the city, including horse and chariot races, theatre performances, and gladiator fights.



Section 2

• Rome’s first code of laws was the Twelve Tables.

• From the Twelve Tables, the Romans developed a system of civil laws that only applied to Roman citizens.

• Romans then established the Law of Nations, standards of justice that applied to all people.


Twelve Tables of Rome, 449 B.C.


Section 2

• The principles of this legal system provided the basis of our current legal system.


Twelve Tables of Rome, 449 B.C.


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

In which area did the Romans surpass the Greeks?

A. Architecture

B. Statues

C. Literature

D. Music


Section 2

The Rise of Christianity

Although Christians were initially persecuted, Christianity gained acceptance and spread through the empire.


Section 2

• Jesus was a Jewish prophet who traveled and taught in Judea and Galilee.

• Christianity began as a movement within Judaism.

• After Jesus’ death, apostles such as Simon Peter and Paul spread the message of Jesus to Jews and Gentiles.

The Rise of Christianity (cont.)


Section 2

• The teachings of Jesus were written down in the Gospels, which would become the core of the New Testament.

• Even though the Romans tolerated other religions, Christianity was seen as dangerous to the state, since Christians refused to worship the state gods.



Section 2

• Roman persecution of Christians strengthened the religion.

• The structure of Christianity became more organized as the bishops assumed more control over the church. The clergy had distinct functions separate from the laity.



Section 2

• Why was Christianity able to attract so many followers?

− It was a personal religion and offered salvation to all. It gave life meaning and purpose.

− Christian communities met the human need to belong.

− Christianity was attractive to all classes, especially the poor and powerless. Eternal life was promised to all.



Section 2

• In the fourth century A.D., the Roman emperor Constantine became the first Christian emperor.

• Theodosius the Great adopted Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire.


Constantine’s Contributions tothe Spread of Christianity


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Who became the first Christian emperor?

A. Augustus

B. Theodosius

C. Constantine

D. Simon Peter


Section 2

End of the Empire

Although emperors used control and coercion to keep the empire functioning, migrating Germanic tribes took control of the Western Roman Empire.


Section 2

• Two emperors attempted to save the declining empire by changing the government structure, economic and social systems, and by implementing Christianity as the new state religion.

• Diocletian split the empire into four regions, each with its own ruler.

• Constantine created a new capital city in the east called Constantinople that became the “New Rome” in the Eastern Roman Empire.

End of the Empire (cont.)


Section 2

• Diocletian’s and Constantine’s reforms enlarged the army and the civil service, which drained most of the public funds. Spending large amounts of money to save the empire hurt the Roman economy.

• The Roman Empire was divided into two parts: Rome was the capital of the Western Roman Empire and Constantinople was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.



Section 2

• The Huns moved into Eastern Europe and pushed the Germanic Visigoths into the Western Roman Empire.

• The Visigoths were initially Roman allies, but revolted. They sacked the Roman capital in 410 A.D.

• The Vandals spread into Spain and North Africa. They captured Rome in 455 A.D.


End of the Roman Empire, A.D. 200–500


Section 2

• In 476 A.D., the western emperor, Romulus Augustus, was deposed by the Germanic army. The year A.D. 476 is considered the end of the Western Roman Empire.

• The Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, continued to thrive.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Which groups invaded the Western Roman Empire?

A. Huns and Visigoths

B. Ostrogoths and Vandals

C. Visigoths and Vandals

D. Huns and Persians


Section 2-End


VS 1a

ANCIENT GREECE

• The polis, or city-state, was the center of Greek political and economic life.

• Sparta and Athens followed very different ideals.

• Pericles expanded Athenian democracy to enable more citizens to participate in the government.


VS 1b

ANCIENT GREECE

• Greeks wrote the first analytical history, staged dramas, developed philosophy, and created art and architecture known for balance and harmony.

• Alexander the Great created an empire that spread Greek (Hellenistic) culture throughout Southwest Asia.


VS 2a

ROME & THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY

• After the collapse of Rome’s Republic, Augustus created a new order that began the Roman Empire.

• Public works, a shared culture, and architecture unified Rome’s far-flung cities.

• The Roman Empire adopted Christianity as its official religion after Christianity spread through the empire.


VS 2b

ROME & THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY

• Outside threats, civil strife, and economic woes weakened the empire.

• In A.D. 476, the Western Roman Empire ended, but the Eastern Roman Empire continued to thrive.


VS-End


Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Chapter Trans Menu

Chapter Transparencies Menu

Chapter Transparency

Unit Time Line Transparency

Cause-and-Effect Transparency

Select a transparency to view.

Chapter Trans

Unit Timeline Trans

CnETrans

DFS Trans 1

DFS Trans 2

Vocab1

epic poem

a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero, such as the Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer

Vocab2

polis

the early Greek city-state, consisting of a city or town and its surrounding countryside

Vocab3

acropolis

in early Greek city-states, a fortified gathering place at the top of a hill that was sometimes the site of temples and public buildings

Vocab4

democracy

“the rule of the many,” government by the people, either directly or through their elected representatives

Vocab5

oligarchy

“the rule of the few,” a form of government in which a select group of people exercises control

Vocab6

direct democracy

a system of government in which the people participate directly in government decision making through mass meetings

Vocab7

classical

authoritative, traditional; relating to the literature, art, architecture, or ideals of the ancient Greek and Roman world

Vocab8

ethics

moral principles; generally recognized rules of conduct

Vocab9

republic

a form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote

Vocab10

patrician

wealthy, powerful landowners, they formed the ruling class in the Roman Republic

Vocab11

plebeian

in the Roman Republic, a social class made up of minor landholders, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers

Vocab12

imperator

commander in chief; the Latin origin of the word emperor

Vocab13

Christianity

monotheistic religion that emerged during the first century

Vocab14

virtually

almost entirely; nearly

Vocab15

transformation

conversion; change in character or condition

Help

Click the Forward button to go to the next slide.

Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide.

Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu.

Click the Transparency button from the Chapter Menu, Chapter Introduction slides, or Visual Summary slides to access the transparencies that are relevant to this chapter. From within a section, click on this button to access the relevant Daily Focus Skills Transparency.

Click the Return button in a feature to return to the main presentation.

Click the History Online button to access online textbook features.

Click the Reference Atlas button to access the Interactive Reference Atlas.

Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the slide show.

Click the Help button to access this screen.

Links to Presentation Plus! features such as Maps in Motion, Graphs in Motion, Charts in Motion, Concepts in Motion, and figures from your textbook are located at the bottom of relevant screens.

To use this Presentation Plus! product:

End of Custom Shows

This slide is intentionally blank.

splash screen. chapter menu chapter introduction section 1:section 1:ancient greece section...

Documents

chapter intro slide

great slide

fewoligarchy slide

early greek civilization

b section

greek citystates

greek state

greek culture