ContentPM MODI'S VISION

4 Salient points of PM Modi's speech at the launch of Start-

Up India, Stand-Up India programme

4 Salient points of PM Modi’s address at the National Youth

festival

POLICY ANALYSIS

4 Pradhan Mantri Fasal Beema Yojna: A path breaking scheme

for farmers’ welfare Siddharth Singh

4 20 Key Highlights of the Path breaking “StartUp Action Plan”

SPECIAL ARTICLE

4 Modi’s Kabul visit – Cementing of a Partnership in India-

Afghan Relations Shakti Sinha

4 Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar’s U.S. Visit – Building

Blocks for a India-U.S. Defence Partnership

Nitin Gokhale

NATIONAL AGENDA

4 Education - Achievements and Challenges

4 Modi Govt’s Mega push to Start-up India Movement

POLITICAL COMMENTARIES

4 Industrial Legacy of West Bengal – a perspective

Shwetabh Ranjan

4 Bihar: Kya Socha Kya Paya Pradip bhandari

4 Disruptions in Rajya Sabha: How the country lost precious

time and resources

INDIA@POSITIVE

4 Energy Diplomacy Coup for the Modi Government, Qatar

halves gas price, waives India’s Rs 12,000cr liability

INDIA'S WORLD OF DIPLOMACY

4 India and Egypt: Towards a Greener Economy

Bhavya Sree Ravi, Neha Batra, Shwetabh Ranjan

4 Sub- Saharan Africa: Indian Investment in the Power Sector

Bhavya Sree Ravi, Neha Batra, Shwetabh Ranjan

BOOK REVIEW

4 PANDIT MADAN MOHAN MALVIYA AND THE FORMATIVE

YEARS OF INDIAN NATIONALISM

Abhishek Pratap Singh

4 MkW ';kek izlkn eq[kthZ vkSj d'ehj leL;k% iqLrd leh{kk'kSysUnz dqekj 'kqDyk

PARTY PRESIDENT

4 fdlkuksa dks lqj{kk dop % vfer 'kkg

Editorial Advisors :

Shakti Sinha, IAS (Rtd)

Former Power & Finance

Secretary Govt. of Delhi

Dr. Anirban Ganguly

Director, SPMRF

Dr. Shiv Shakti Bakshi

Executive Editor, Kamal Sandesh

Dr. Vijay Chauthaiwale

In-Charge BJP Foreign Affairs Department

& Convener, Overseas Friends of BJP

Professor Santishree D.Pandit

Professor

Savitribai Phule Pune University

&

Vice- President- Indian Political Science Association

Dr. Amit Singh

Assistant Professor ARSD College,

Delhi University

Amit Malviya

National In-charge, IT & Social

Media Vibhag, BJP

Research Team :

l Siddharth Singh l Shubhendu Anand

l Ajit Jha l Pradip Bhandari

l Shailendra Kumar Shukla

Layout :

Vikas Saini

Published by :

Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee

Research Foundation,

9, Ashoka Road New Delhi- 110001

E-mail : office@spmrf.org,

Telephone : 011-48005850

The Nationalist

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The violence in Kaliachak in Malda in the firstweek of 2016 is the latest expressions of the shrinkingdemocratic and political space in the state of WestBengal. The Mamata Banerjee led TMC governmenthas in fact singularly failed to ensure the safety andsecurity of the Hindus of the state and is graduallyceding space to violent groups – a number of thesecoming from its own ranks and file. A Chief Minister,who refuses to condemn violence that mocks andbelittles the democratic and constitutionalframework of India and who passes such violent actsas small incidents and distorts its truth, has actuallyfailed to carry out the mandate given by the people.

The Kaliachak episode has revealed the dismal stateof West Bengal and has also exposed those who madea lot of din in the name of intolerance. A large numberof those who cried and indulged in falsities by tryingto paint an intolerant India were silent or looked theother way when the Kaliachak rampage took place.Their silence spoke on their behalf and exposed themfor what they truly are merchants of falsehood anddivision surviving on a divisive narrative.

The CPIM and the other constituents of the LeftFront in general have kept silent too. Like have themajority of Left and so called ‘liberal” intellectualsand other political parties. The homily for socialharmony is applied or given only to some parties andis reserved only for one leader. The silence of thecommunists, Congress can be explained because itwas during their rule that infiltration in West Bengalincreased or rather was encouraged and a generalatmosphere of lawlessness prevailed. Both theCommunists and the TMC have only resorted tovote-bank politics in the state without really caringfor its welfare – industrial, economic, educational.

Editorial

Politics of Vulturism cannot last against

Politics of Aspiration

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Editorial

Real change has not come to West Bengal; it is onlyan illusory change which has not positively alteredthe dynamics of the state. The industrial situation hasnot improved; educational institutions bear the bruntof factional political feud between groups of theTrinamool Congress, the condition of the tea gardenworkers have not improved, starvation deaths,farmers suicide, lawlessness – the mowing down ofan IAF jawan is the latest expression of how theatmosphere has deteriorated in the state and of howarresting the culprits was being inordinately delayedjust because he was politically well-connected. Eventhe lives of our jawans thus are not sacred for MamataBanerjee’s government.

Meanwhile efforts for addressing fundamentalchallenges and issues have been initiated under PrimeMinister Modi. The insurance cover for farmers, theStartup & Standup India campaign, the rapid pace ofrural electrification and road construction clearlydemonstrate how the Narendra Modi led BJPgovernment is indeed conscious of the plight offarmers of this country and has pledged itself toalleviate their condition and strengthen it, is pledgedto ameliorate and connect rural India with energy andpower. Such an approach is in stark contrast to somepolitical parties who have just paid lip service to thecause of farmers and used them as political pawnsand ultimately even fired upon them.

This issue also examines the crucial visit that PrimeMinister Modi made to Afghanistan and also discussesthe importance of the visit of the Indian defenceminister to the U.S. in December 2015. Both eventswere major milestones in India’s neighbourhood anddefence policy and both these have not seen adequatediscussion.

Politics of vulturism cannot in the long run standagainst the politics of aspiration and fulfilment. Thoseindulging in the former are in fact doing a majordisservice to India.

— Dr. Anirban Ganguly,

Director, SPMRF

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PM MODI'S VISION

8 tc Start-up dh ppkZ gksrh gS rks T;kankrjIT ds vkl&ikl gh lkspk tkrk gS vkSj vcgj dqN fdrus dne nwj gS] cl App dsikl igqap x,] gks x;kA tks App cukrk gS;k tks Start-up dh nqfu;k esa enter gksrkgS ;k dksbZ ubZ phtksa dks innovate djrk gSmlds ewy esa dqN u;k djus dk bjknk gksrkgS] adventurous nature gksrk gSA gj

pht dh xgjkbZ esa tkus dk Lo Hkko gksrk gSysfdu lcls cM+h ckr gksrh gS mlds vanj,d laosnuk gksrh gSA cgqr de yksx blckr dks vuqHko dj ik,axs] mlds vanj ,dlaosnuk gksrh gS vkSj tc oks dksbZ cqjs gkyns[krk gS] dksbZ leL;k ns[krk gS] oks mlslksus ugha nsrhA leL;kvkS mldh ugha gS]fdlh vkSj dh gS ysfdu oks mls lksus ugha

Salient points of PM Modi's speechat the launch of Start-Up India,

Stand-Up India programme

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nsrhA mldk eudjrk gS eSa dksbZjkLrk [kkstw] eSa dqNd: blds fy,A

8 ge tc ^esd bubafM;k* dgrs gSa rks^esd Q‚j bafM;k*Hkh gSa D;ksa fd loklkS djksM+ dk ns'kg S ] bruk cM + kekfdZV gSA ysfdu ge pkgrs gSa fd oks full

proof dSls cus] vklku dSls gks vkSj lkekU;kekufodh ds fy, oks easily accessible

dSls gksA ;s vxj O;oLFkk ,a nsus esa gelQy gks vkSj eSa ekurk gwa fd gekjs ns'k dkukStoku gekjh viuh leL;kvksa dksA ;gkafdlh us dgk fd eSa vxj ml ns'k dksmldh leL;kvksa dks le>waxk] 'kk;n frokjhus dgkA eSa viuh leL;kvksa dks le>waxk rctkdj ds eq>s jkLrsa [kkstus dk lw>sxk vkSj;s ftruk gekjk c<+sxk ns'k ds fodkl dsfy, cgqr laHkkouk,a gSaA

8 Start-up dk eryc ;s rks ugha gS fd gjfdlh ds ikl fcfy;u M‚yj dk dke gksjgk gS vkSj nks gtkj yksx dke djs] t:jhugha gSA ikap yksxksa dks Hkh vxj eSa jkstxkjnsrk gwa rks esjk Start-up esjs ns'k dks vkxsc<+k jgk gSA ,d psychological changeykuk gS fd youth ds fnekx esa job

seeker dh ekufldrk ls mldks ckgjykuk gSA oks job creator cusA vkSj ,dckj mlds fnekx esa vk x;k fd eq>s] eq>s nksyksxksa dh ftUnkxh dks laHkkyuk gS] oks djysxkA

8 gekjs ns'k esa education- infrastructure

ij cy fn;k tkrk gS] teacher dhappointment ij cy fn;k tkrk gS] oksdke gks Hkh jgk gSA ysfdu le; dh ekax gS

quality education dhA xjhc ls xjhcnwj&lqnwj taxyksa esa jguk okyk O;afä gks]igkM+ksa esa jgus okyk O;fä gksA eSa ,sls dSlsphtksa dks [kkst ds fudkywa fd mlh quality

dk education tks fd vehj ?kjkuksa dscPpksa dks feyrk gS] ml technology ds}kjk xjhc ls xjhc rd eSa dSls igqapkÅa\vkSj ns'k rc cnysxk fd ge lekt dsvkf[kjh balku dks bu lqfoèkkvksa ls ykHkkfUordjds mldh ftUnxh cnyus dk volj nsAgesa mldks feed djus dh t:jr ughaiM+sxhA vxj mldks quality education

feyrk gS rks ogka Hkh ,sls spark okys cPps gksaxstks mBdj ds [kM+s gks tk,axs vkSj nqfu;k dkscny nsaxsA

8 ;s Hkh lgh gS Hkkjr ds ikl millions of

millions problem gS] dksbZ badkj ughadj ldrk gSA ysfdu at the same time

eq>s bl ckr dk Hkjkslk Hkh gS fd billions

of billions mind Hkh gSA vxj million

problem gS rks billion mind Hkh rksgekjs ns'k esa gSA gj Start-up ds ihNsdksbZ u dksbZ leL;k ds lekèkku dk bjknkjguk pkfg, vkSj tc fdlh Start-up dsikl leL;k ds lekèkku dk bjknk gksxkrks mlds larks"k dk level Hkh dghadqN vkSj gksxkA tc fdlh dh ftUnxh esacny ko y kr k g S r k s mldk s ,d

PM MODI'S VISION

The

Nationalist 8

satisfaction feyrk gS vkSj blfy, eSaoks dqN djds fn[kkÅa ftlesa eSa job

creator cuwa] eSa oks dqN djds fn[kkÅaftlds dkj.k fdlh dh ftUnxh esa eSadke vkÅa] eSa oks dqN djds fn[kkÅa fdesjs ns'k dks ,d dne vkxs ys tkus esa esjkHkh dksbZ ;ksxnku gksA bruk Hkh vxj liukysdj ds ge pyrs] ge cgqr dqN djldrs gSaA

8 ,d vkSj problem jgrk gS Start-Up dsyksxksa ds fy,---- patent dk Intellectual

property right lcds fy, ;s ,d ckrjgrh gS vkf[kjdj oks gh rks iwath gS Start-

Up okyksa dh] vxj mldks protection

ugha feyk ysfdu dHkh&dHkh gekjs ;gkapatent ds fy, eghuks a yx tkrs gS aprocess esa] ;s fparktud O;oLFkk dkscnyuk gS vkSj patent registration dk'kh?kz irk yxkuk ,oa dkuwuh lgk;rkA geu, ç;ksxksa dks protect] dkuwuh lgk;rknsus dk vko';drk le>rs gSaA ge Start-

Up ds IPR Services dh Scheme ykjgs gSaA ftlesa Start-Up ds vkosnu dhFile 'kh?kz djus dh lgk;rk feysxh vkSj;s Hkh lgh gS fd Intellectual property

dh nqfu;k esa] fo'o esa ftrus registration

gq, gSa] mlesa dkQh ihNs gSa ge yksxA IP esaugha gS ysfdu YP esa gSA gekjs ikl Youth

Property gS YP vkSj oks eq>s YP vkSjIP dks feykuk gS rkfd gesa dqN T;knkifj.kke feysaA ge ;s Hkh ,d lksp jgs gSafd Hkkjr ds çeq[k 'kgjksa esa ,d bl dkeds fy, facilitation dh O;oLFkk gks] LFkkuh;Chamber of Commerce gks vkSj yksxksads lkFk feydj ds] bl fo"k; ds odhyksadk ,d lewg gksA bu lcdks tksM+dj dsdSls fu'kqYd O;oLFkk gks rkfd bl field esadke djus okys odhyksa dh la[;k cgqr de

gS vkSj Fee Hkh cgqr T;knk gS vkSj mldksyxrk gS fd HkbZ bl dke ds fy, eSa brus:i, nwa vkSj djrk jgwa] djrk jgwa vkSjmruh] mldh property pksjh gks tkrh gS]cspkjk dgha dk jgrk ugha gS rks blfy,fcuk iSls mldks ;s O;oLFkk feysA mlhçdkj ls Fees esa Hkh] vkt tks Fees gSpatent ds fy, mlesa ge 80 percent

reduction djsaxs D;ksafd nsf[k, Hkkjr dkHkfo"; Hkh Innovation vkSj creativity

esa gS vkSj Innovation vkSj creativity

dks ftruk ge cy nsaxs] mruk gh gesaifj.kke feysxkA ge Start-Up ds fy,lkoZtkfud [kjhn dh 'krksaZ esa Hkh NwV nsusdk fu.kZ; dj jgs gSaA ljdkjh [kjhn esaStart-Up dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, geExperience Turn over ds vkèkkj ijHkh NwV nsaxsA gekjs ns'k esa D;k problem

gS] dksbZ Hkh dke gS rks iwNrs gSa fdrukTurn over gS] oks dgrk gS ekSdk nksxsrHkh rks Turn over 'kq: gksxk ;k dksbZdke nsrs gSa rks iwNrs gS fd HkbZ fdrukexperience gS rks oks dgrk gS fd HkbZexperience dh 'kq:vkr rks djks dgha lsvkSj blfy, u, ds fy, njokts can djusdh O;oLFkk gS] ge mlesa NwV nsus dhO;oLFkk esa vkxs c<+us pkgrs gSa rkfd quality

dks] gka mlesa compromise ugha gksukpkfg, ysfdu u;k gS blfy, mldks ekSdku feys ;s fLFkfr rks cnyuh gS rHkh ukStokuksadks volj feysxk ysfdu esjk vkxzg gSZero defect and Zero effect rks blij ge t:j cy nsaxsA

PM MODI'S VISION

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8 vxj thou esa ladYi dk lkeFkZ~; gks]

ladYi ds fy, lefiZr Hkko gks vkSj

thou vkgwr djus dh vnE; bPNk gks]

rks O;fä ds fy, mez dksbZ ek;uk ugha

j[krhA

8 ;g ns'k çxfr rc djrk gS tc lok lkS

djksM+ ns'koklh fdlh u fdlh ladYi ls

ca/ks gksA ml ladYi dh iwfrZ ds fy,

dqN dne pyus ds fy, ç;kljr gksA

eafty dks ikus ds fy, vfojr dksf'k'k

djrs gks] rks ns'k vius vki ml eaftyksa

dks ikj dj tkrk gSA

8 vkt iwjs fo'o dk ifjos'k ns[ks iwjk fo'o

vkt Hkkjr dh rjQ ,d cM+h vk'kk Hkjh

utj ls ns[k jgk gSA D;ksa \ blfy, fd

fganqLrku ,d laHkkoukvksa dk ns'k gSA

Salient points of PM Modi’saddress at the

National Youth festival

PM MODI'S VISION

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vkikj volj tgka bartkj dj jgs gSaA

nqfu;k blfy, fganqLrku dh rjQ ns[k

jgh gS] D;ksafd vkt fganqLrku fo'o dk

lcls ;qok ns'k gSA 65 çfr'kr tula[;k

35 ls de vk;q dh gks] oks ns'k fdruk

lk SHkkX;'kkyh gS fd ftlds ikl

dksfV&dksfV ;qok yksx gSaA vkSj tgka

;qok gksrk gS] ogka ladYiksa dh dksbZ e;kZnk,¡

ugha gksrha] lhek,¡ ugha gksrhaA

8 eSa dHkh&dHkh lksprk gwa fd ;qok ;g

ifjfLFkfr dk uke ugha gSA ;qok ;g

eufLFkfr dk uke gSA eu%fLFkfr gS] tks

;qok dh ifjpk;d gksrh gSA tc dksbZ

O;fä vius chrs gq, iy dks ckj&ckj

;kn djrk gS] nksgjkrk jgrk gS rks eSa

;g lh/kk&lh/kk vFkZ fudkyrk gwa fd oks

viuh ;qook.kh [kks pqdk gSA oks cq<+kis dh

vkjs py pqdk gSA ysfdu tks chrs gq,

dy dks ckj&ckj nksgjkus dh ctk;

vkus okys dy ds lius latksrk jgrk gS]

oks mlds fy, esjk eu ges'kk dgrk gS

oks lPps vFkZ esa ;qok gSA vxj vki vius

vki dks ;qok ekurs gks rks ;qok oks gS tks

chrs gq, dy dh ckrksa dks nksgjk djds

vius le; dks cckZn ugha djrk gS]

ysfdu tks vkus okys liuksa dks latksus ds

fy, iy&iy ç;kl djrk gS vkSj gj

lius dks lkdkj djus ds fy, vius

vki dks [kik nsrk gSA

8 Hkkjr ds ikl lc dqN gks] /ku gks] nkSyr

gks] cs'kqekj iSls gksa] gj ukStoku dks

ukSdjh gks] gj ifjokj esa lq[k vkSj

lEiUurk gks] ysfdu] ysfdu vxj ns'k esa

'kkafr] ,drk vkSj ln~Hkkouk ugha gksxh]

rks oks lkjh lEifÙk fdlh ds dke ugha

vk,xhA u oks ns'k dk xkSjo c<+k,xh] u

vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa ds fy, Hkfo"; dk

dksbZ jkLrk cuk,xhA vkSj blfy, ge

fodkl fdruk gh djsa] fdruh gh Åapkb;ksa

dks ikj djsa] ysfdu 'kkafr] ,drk vkSj

ln~Hkkouk] ;s Hkkjr dh igyh vko';drk

jgrh gSA vkSj Hkkjr us nqfu;k dks fn[kk;k

gS fd ftl ns'k ds ikl lSadM+ksa cksfy;ka

gks] vusd Hkk"kk,a gksa] vusd ijEijk,a gksa]

vufxur fofof/krk,a gksa] mlds ckn Hkh

lkFk thus&ejus dk LoHkko gks] ;s gekjh

cgqr cM+h fojklr gSa tks gekjs iwoZtksa us

gesa nh gSa] Lokeh foosdkuan tSls egkiq#"kksa

us nh gSa vkSj bls geus latks ds j[kuk

gSA osn ls foosdkuan rd vkSj mifu"kn

ls mixzg rd ge blh ijEijk esa iys&c<+s

gSaA ml ijEijkvksa dks ckj] ckj] ckj] ckj

Lej.k djrs gq,] latksrs gq, Hkkjr dks

,drk ds lw= esa cka/kus ds fy, ln~Hkkouk

dks lsrq mldks ge ftruk cy nsa] nsrs

jguk gksxkA

8 eSa pkgrk gwa fd tks yksx dqN dj

xqtjuk pkgrs gSa] os ukSdjh dh ryk'k

D;ksa djsa] vius iSjksa ij [kM+s D;ksa u gksaA

eSa ugha pkgrk gwa esjs ns'k dk ukStoku

job seeker cus] eSa pkgrk gwa esjs ns'k

dk ukStoku job creator cusA

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With back-to-back droughts,and unseasonal rain andhail in certain pockets, it

became clear that the risks in farmingare on the rise, and the existing systemof crop insurance was nowhere nearmeeting the needs of the peasantry.The sums insured were low (based onthe cost of inputs rather thanprospective income), the premiumshigh (generally ranging between 8-12per cent in the case of the modifiedscheme), the assessment of cropdamage lacked transparency anddidn’t use the latest technologies and,finally, compensation took undulylong, even going beyond a year inmany cases, and was reported to beridden with corrupt practices. Giventhis backdrop, the new scheme is a

Pradhan Mantri Fasal Beema Yojna:A path breaking scheme for

farmers’ welfare@ Siddharth Singh

POLICY ANALYSIS

step in the right direction and verytimely.

The NDA government’s flagshipcrop insurance scheme - the PradhanMantri Fasal Beema Yojna - is a majorpolicy outreach towards farmers apartfrom its other big schemes for thefarming sector. The most crucialelement of the scheme is that it willbring down the rate of premium to bepaid by farmers to a maximum of 2%of the sum insured. The rest will bepaid by the state and the centralgovernment. Currently, farmers haveto pay a premium ranging from 4 to15 per cent to insure crops.

The Rs 17,600-crore crop insurancescheme, launched by the Modigovernment, aims to cover crop losses

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due to natural calamities like droughtby promising very low premiumpayout by farmers. The scheme will berolled out from the kharif seasonbeginning June. It has the lowestpremium, it entails easy usage oftechnology like mobile phone, quickassessment of damage anddisbursement within a timeframe. Thedefinition of disaster has beenexpanded to include aspects likeflooding of crop and damage afterharvest.

After coming to power, the Modigovernment had announced that itwould bring a new crop insurancescheme by replacing the existing onesto ensure higher coverage of crop areaat low premium and better claimsettlement facilities. In the past alsothere have been crop insuranceschemes in the country for long. In1999, the then NDA government hadlaunched National AgriculturalInsurance Scheme (NAIS) which waswidely hailed across the farmingcommunity and later on that schemewas modified by the successivegovernment. PM Modi’s schemeassumes significance in the backdropof last year’s hailstorm which hadruined a lot of crop in the fields.

Going by government data, as manyas 207 districts in nine states have beenhit by drought. As much as 90 lakhhectare of land had been affected dueto drought and the affected states hadsought relief of over Rs 25,000 crorefrom the central government. Also 302districts in the country had received 20percent less rain, which, though not

categorised as drought, will affect thefarmers in these areas. Announcing thescheme, PM Modi described thescheme wherein the centre will provideRs 8,800 crore annually to make up foralmost all of the premium for the cropinsured, as a move “that will transformthe lives of the farmers in a big way”.

Under the scheme Pradhan MantriFasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), the statewill also provide a matchingcontribution while farmers will payonly 2% of the premium fixed by theinsurance company for khariffoodgrains/ oilseeds crops and 1.5%for rabi foodgrains/ oilseeds crops.The premium will be 5% forhorticultural and commercial cropsfor both seasons. This new cropinsurance scheme will have lowestpremium for farmers in the history ofIndependent India. There will be noprovision of capping the premiumrate so as to ensure farmers get ahigher claim against the full suminsured. At least 25 per cent of thelikely claim will be settled directly onfarmers’ bank account.

The new scheme will cover yieldloss of standing crops, preventedsowing/ planting risk, post harvestlosses and localised risks, includinginundation. At present, loanee farmersare mandated to take crop insurancecover. The new scheme is open to allfarmers irrespective of whether theyare loanees or not. There will be oneinsurance company for the entirestate, farm-level assessment of loss forlocalised risks and post-harvest loss.And private insurance companies,

POLICY ANALYSIS

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along with the Agriculture InsuranceCompany of India Ltd, will implementthe scheme.

Here is a direct comparisonbetween the crop insurance schemesannounced by the Manmohan Singh-government and the one announcedby the Narendra Modi government:

The scheme is certainly the best forthe farmers till date as it provides forlocalized events and removes the cap.Apart from this, another major aspectof the scheme is the better use oftechnology. The government will useremote sensing, Smartphone andother modern technologies foraccurate and quicker information oncrop yields and losses.

The highlights of this scheme areas under:

1) There will be a uniform premiumof only 2% to be paid by farmersfor all Kharif crops and 1.5% for allRabi crops. In case of annualcommercial and horticulturalcrops, the premium to be paid by

farmers will be only 5%. Thepremium rates to be paid byfarmers are very low and balancepremium will be paid by theGovernment to provide fullinsured amount to the farmersagainst crop loss on account ofnatural calamities.

2) There is no upper limit onGovernment subsidy. Even ifbalance premium is 90%, it will beborne by the Government.

3) Earlier, there was a provision ofcapping the premium rate whichresulted in low claims being paidto farmers. This capping was doneto limit Government outgo on thepremium subsidy. This cappinghas now been removed andfarmers will get claim against fullsum insured without anyreduction.

4) The use of technology will beencouraged to a great extent. Smartphones will be used to capture andupload data of crop cutting toreduce the delays in claimpayment to farmers. Remotesensing will be used to reduce thenumber of crop cuttingexperiments.

The new Crop Insurance Scheme isin line with One Nation – One Schemetheme. It incorporates the bestfeatures of all previous schemes andat the same time, all previousshortcomings and weaknesses havebeen removed.

(Siddharth Singh is Research Associatewith SPMRF)

POLICY ANALYSIS

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1.) Defining the phrase ‘StartUp’

While it is not exactly part ofaction plan, this probably is thebiggest positive change that hasbeen bought about by the ModiGovernment – Defining thephrase ‘Startup’. Now, Startupswill be ‘Startups’ and not a‘Business’. Till date a Startup

20 Key Highlights of the Path

breaking “StartUp Action Plan”

was not separated in variouspolicies of the Government. Allwere businesses. Now, we havedefinition for a startup and aclear direction for them fromGovernment. The mostencouraging aspect is thatGovernment is now looking atstartups as a serious growthengine for India and wants to

POLICY ANALYSIS

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help them achieve success.

2.) Compliance Regime based onSelf-certification

Government wants to reduce theregulatory burden on Startupsthereby allowing them to focuson their core business and keepcompliance cost low. Startupsshall be allowed to self-certifycompliance (through the Startupmobile app) with 9 labour andenvironment laws (refer below).In case of the labour laws, noinspections will be conducted fora period of 3 years.

3.) Startup India Hub

With Startup India Hub, Govtwants to create a single point ofcontact for the entire Startupecosystem and enable knowledgeexchange and access to funding.They will work in a hub and spokemodel and collaborate with

Central & State governments,Indian and foreign VCs, angelnetworks, banks, incubators, legalpartners, consultants, universitiesand R&D institutions.

Govt will also help startupsthrough their lifecycle withspecific focus on importantaspects like obtaining financing,feasibility testing, businessstructuring advisory,enhancement of marketing skills,technology commercializationand management evaluation.

4.) Rolling-out of Mobile App andPortal

Govt plans to roll out a Mobile appthat will help startups quickly getoff the ground. The app featureswill include registering Startupswith relevant agencies of theGovernment though a singleform. The app will also have

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features like tracking the status ofRegistration, downloadingregistration certificate, filingcompliances, obtainingclearances and approvals amongother things.

5.) Legal Support and Fast-trackingPatent Examination

To promote awareness andadoption of IPRs by Startups,Government is taking varioussteps that includes fast-trackexamination of patentapplications and rebate in fees.They will also help startups byproviding panel of facilitators toassist in filing of IP applicationsand the cost will be borne by theGovernment.

6.) Relaxed Norms of PublicProcurement for Startups

Going forward, norms forStartups will be relaxed whenthey are applying for Tendersfloated by PSU. Earlier, this wasnot possible as all tenders requireeither “prior experience” or“prior turnover”. Now, this willnot be a roadblock anymore.

7.) Faster Exit for Startups

Government plans to make iteasier for startups to close andexit their businesses in case theyare winding up operations.

8.) Providing Funding Supportthrough a Fund of Funds

While Government will notdirectly invest or fund startups,they will be doing it through Fundof Funds with a corpus of Rs.

10,000 Crore. The Fund of Fundsshall be managed by a Board withprivate professionals drawn fromindustry bodies, academia, andsuccessful Startups.

9.) Credit Guarantee Fund forStartups

In order to overcome traditionalIndian stigma associated withfailure of Startup enterprises ingeneral and to encourageexperimentation among Startupentrepreneurs, Government plansto provide credit guaranteecomfort with flow of Venture Debtfrom the formal Banking System.

10.) Tax Exemption on Capital Gains

Government plans to provideTax exemptions to persons whohave capital gains during theyear, if they have invested suchcapital gains in the Fund of Fundsrecognized by the Government.

11.) Tax Exemption to Startups for 3years

In what could be termed as one ofthe most positive moves,exemption for Income tax shall begiven on profits generated bystartups for a period of first 3 years.

12.) Tax Exemption on Investmentsabove Fair Market Value

Currently, only the investmentsby venture capital funds inStartups are exempted fromoperations of provision undersection 56(2). Now, the same shallbe extended to investment madeby incubators and angel investorsin the Startups.

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13.) Organizing Startup Festivals

Govt plans to organize one nationaland one international startupfestival annually for ShowcasingInnovation and Providing aCollaboration Platform

14.) Launch of Atal InnovationMission

Govt will provide a platform forpromotion of world-classInnovation Hubs, GrandChallenges, Startup businessesand other self-employmentactivities, particularly intechnology driven areas. Thiswill be done through AtalInnovation Mission (AIM)

15.) Harnessing Private SectorExpertise for Incubator Setup

Government intends to create apolicy and framework for setting-up of incubators across thecountry in public privatepartnership. 35 new incubatorsin existing institutions will besetup along with funding supportof 40% shall be provided byCentral Government.

Government will also providegrant of 50 percent for 35 newincubators established by privatesector.

16.) Building Innovation Centres atNational Institutes

17.) Setting up Research Parks

The Government shall set up 7new Research Parks at IITGuwahati, IIT Hyderabad, IITKanpur, IIT Kharagpur, IISc

Bangalore, IIT Gandhinagar, andIIT Delhi with an initialinvestment of INR 100 croreeach. The research Parks shall bemodeled based on the ResearchPark setup at IIT Madras

18.) Promoting Startups in theBiotechnology Sector

To foster and facilitate bio-entrepreneurship, 5 new Bio-clusters, 50 new Bio-Incubators,150 technology transfer officesand 20 Bio-Connect offices will beset up in research institutes anduniversities across India.

19.) Innovation Focused Programsfor Students

In order to promote research andinnovation among youngstudents, the Government shallimplement various innovationprograms including InnovationCore, NIDHI and UchhattarAvishkar Yojana

20.) Annual Incubator GrandChallenge

To build World Class incubatorsin India, Govt plans to launch anannual Incubator GrandChallenge to identify leadingIncubators in India.

Kudos to the Government forcoming up with a Startup actionplan that really touches on everyfacet of India’s Startup Ecosystem.With such big help from theGovernment, there is no doubt,India’s Startup ecosystem has thepotential to be the best in the world.

(SPMRF Desk)

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SPECIAL ARTICLE

Prime Minister Narendra Modiwas in Kabul on December 25th

to jointly inaugurate theparliament building built by theIndian government with AfghanPresident Ashraf Ghani. His visit wasa big hit in the Afghan media,especially on social media. Thegovernment of Afghanistan decided toname one of the blocks of the buildingafter former Indian Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee, who had offeredto build this powerful symbol ofdemocracy as a sign of Afghanistan-India friendship and partnership. Itwas in Vajpayee’s time that India re-engaged with Afghanistan in theaftermath of the US intervention thatdislodged the Taliban in late 2001. Thepace of engagement acceleratedalmost immediately, and despite fatalattacks on Indian targets includingdiplomats, development staff andprojects, has maintained itsmomentum.

That India has emerged as a majordevelopment partner, arguably thefifth-largest bilateral donor over the14 year period, to Afghanistan shouldnot have come as a surprise to analystswho have worked on Afghanistan onthe ground. India’s developmentpartnership with Afghanistan goesback to the 1950s, and till transit tradethrough Pakistan was not an issue,India was Afghanistan’s largest

Modi’s Kabul visit – Cementing of a

Partnership in India-Afghan Relations

@ Shakti Sinha

e x p o r tmarket fordry fruits. Thecivil war( 1 9 9 2 – 9 6 )a n dsubsequentTaliban rulecaused abreak, however, India did extendhumanitarian assistance through UNagencies.

India’s total commitment for thereconstruction of Afghanistan is US$2 billion, with more than halfdisbursed. It has funded/co-fundedthree very important infrastructureprojects: the construction of the 218km road from Delaram to Zaranjwhich gives Afghanistan access to analternate port, Chahbahar in Iran; ithas reconstructed and expanded theSalma Dam which would produce 42MW of power and irrigate 75,000hectares of land when fullycommissioned by mid-2016. India hasco-funded and built transmissiontowers over the Hindu Kush as partof the Northern Electric Power System(NEPS) that has brought electricity toKabul and other areas. Some of the keyIndian projects are the following: -

8 Food assistance to primary schoolchildren and construction andrehabilitation of Schools ($321million disbursed),

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8 Supply of 250,000 tonnes of wheat,

8 Construction of a power line fromPul – i – Khumri to Kabul ($120million),

8 Annual scholarships to study inIndia – higher education (initially500 per year, increased to 675 andthen to 1000),

8 Construction of Delaram-Zaranjroad ($150 million),

8 Construction of the Salma DamPower Project (US $200 million),

8 Construction of the parliamentbuilding ($27 million disbursed;budget $178 million), and

8 Small Development Projects,initially in the South East, and thenextended all over the country (final

budget would be over US $130million)

This is just a sample of India’sdevelopment partnership with theAfghan people and government. Yet,when the Afghan peace process hasresumed at Islamabad, besidesAfghanistan, the other three nationsinvolved are Pakistan, the US andChina. Predictably, many Indianobservers are upset that this Quad hasbeen created instead of a Pentagon toinclude India. Others may evenfantasise a Quad with India but minusPakistan. The question that arises is—has India lost the plot in Afghanistan?Has the commitment of US $2 billionin development assistance and actualexpenditure of a little less than US $1.5

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billion been a waste? Has the Modigovernment been totallyoutmanoeuvred by Pakistan insofar asAfghanistan is concerned?

The answer is an unequivocal ‘no’and there is no need for Indians to getdisheartened by the developments onthe Afghan front. Both India andAfghanistan are victims of Pakistan’sstate-sponsored terrorism, whichwhile manageable in India’s case, is anexistential threat to Pakistan. Anunintended fall-out of the Sovietoccupation of Afghanistan was toallow Pakistan to become the keyarbiter in Afghan affairs. The USactively supported by Saudi Arabiaand China armed different Afghanjihadi groups to take on the Russians;they also accepted Pakistan’scondition that all arms and supportwould flow to its Inter-ServicesIntelligence Directorate (ISI) whowould decide on what to give to thedifferent groups. Post-Sovietwithdrawal, Pakistan was unable toinstall its favourite, the Hizbul-Islamileader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar asAfghanistan’s pre-eminent leader. Itthen shifted its substantial support tothe rising jihadi group from Kandahar,the Taliban. The ouster of the Talibanin 2001 was huge setback to Pakistan’splans in the region, but it was able toconvince the Americans about itsutility in the war on Terrorism and inthe bargain, in the bargain it recreatedthe Taliban on its soil and went aboutdestabilising Afghanistan.

There are three more factors,which must be factored in to better

understand the objectivecircumstances of India’s Afghanpolicy. Pashtuns are Afghanistan’sbiggest ethnic group, around 40% ofthe population, but there are morePashtuns in Pakistan than inAfghanistan, with strong cross-bordersocial and economic links joiningthem. Two, millions of Afghans,predominantly Pashtuns, took refugein Pakistan during the Soviet invasionand the civil war, and while most havereturned, millions have stayed back.This further blurs national boundariesand sovereignty. Three, Afghanistanis a land-locked country and the twocountries not only share a long border.These historical, social, cultural,economic and geographical factorslimit India’s ability to work with theAfghan State as it seeks to stabiliseand develop Afghanistan.

Ashraf Ghani, when he becamePresident, made it his policy to engagePakistan as he understood that theroad to peace in Afghanistan wentthrough Rawalpindi, theheadquarters of the Pakistan army.They had to be on board, either way.He, therefore, approached China,which is the only country to haveleverage over the Pakistan army, andthen went directly to Rawalpindi. Healso kept on hold his predecessor’srequest for security assistance fromIndia. The resultant Pakistan-ledpeace process came to nought once itwas clear that the Taliban negotiatorshad no locus standi with Mullah Omarwho has been dead for two years.Pakistan’s perfidy stood exposed, and

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became worse with the stepped upviolence in Afghanistan that costsmany civilian lives.

At this juncture Ghani approachedIndia for security assistance. Modi tohis credit responded positively thoughmany analysts had raised doubtsabout Ghani’s motivations. Was heapproaching India out of convictionor in desperation? India rightlyignored this question since it wasimmaterial. In any case unknown tothe public since the media does notreport positive developments, theModi government had reviewed indetail the pace of progress of India’sdevelopment projects in Afghanistan.The parliament building and thereconstruction/expansion of theSalma dam came up short.Bureaucratic snafus were sorted out,updated project reports were preparedand adequate financial sources wereprovided for. But for these steps, boththe projects would have continued todrag on to the utter embarrassment ofthose Afghans who see India as areliable friend.

Detailed inter-government talkswere held in November–December2015 with the visits of the AfghanNational Security Advisor (HanifAtmar) and the Deputy ForeignMinister (Hekmat Karzai), and India’spositive response led to the Afghaninvitation to the Prime Minister Modito inaugurate their Parliamentbuilding. The significance of this wasnot lost on the Afghans and theirneighbours— for a democraticcountry, its Parliament is not just a

building but is an institution thatembodies the spirit of the nations as itis here that its elected representativesdecide the course of the nation. Toinvite a foreigner to jointly inaugurateit with their president is the highesthonour that a country can bestow.

On the occasion of the visit, Indiaalso handed over to Afghanistan fourMi 25 helicopter gunships, known as‘flying tank’ that would give theAfghan National Security Forces

much needed firepower to confrontthe Taliban.

India also demonstrated that it wasa reliable friend of Afghanistan whenit deputed External Affairs MinisterSushma Swaraj to attend the Heart ofAsia Summit in Islamabad, theAfghanistan-centred Istanbul Processwhere India has the lead on capacity

In any case unknown to the public

since the media does not report

positive developments, the Modi

government had reviewed in detail the

pace of progress of India’s

development projects in Afghanistan.

The parliament building and the

reconstruction/expansion of the Salma

dam came up short. Bureaucratic

snafus were sorted out, updated

project reports were prepared and

adequate financial sources were

provided for. But for these steps, both

the projects would have continued to

drag on to the utter embarrassment

of those Afghans who see India as a

reliable friend.

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development and building synergiesbetween national chambers ofcommerce. This had the ‘bonus’advantage of allowing leaders of Indiaand Pakistan to meet on the sidelinesof this multilateral summit. This wasnimble-footed diplomacy that was asmuch substantial as it was optics—both essential components ofinternational affairs.

One must also understand thecurrent peace initiative, or Quad.

Afghanistan is heavily dependent onthe US for its security and financialrequirements, and cannot afford to goagainst express American advice.Unfortunately, for Afghanistan theUS’s default option is to outsource itsAfghan policy to Pakistan, whichrepresents to them a systemically farmore important country. The US’spriorities are clear—roll-back ISIS andmanage China’s rise. The developing

Saudi-Iran spat could spiral out ofcontrol, leaving US policy in the regionin tatters. Afghanistan is a distractionit can do without. Hence, they leanedon Ghani, not directly but throughDavid Cameron. For Ghani, it was anoffer he could not refuse.

For the region, China is the darkhorse whose attitude and actionscould be decisive, in addition to thatof the US. It remains committed toPakistan, despite occasional doubtsthat its fears the latter’s jihadiinfection could drag down Xinjiang.This hope that China would rein inPakistan is over-emphasised. China’sresponse to the Pathankot attack isinstructive; it condemned the attackand hoped that it would not derail theIndia-Pakistan dialogue. It, pointedly,did not ask Pakistan to take actionagainst the groups behind the attackor to act on India’s handing overevidence.

Looking forward, one mustunderstand that India has verysubstantial goodwill in Afghanistan.Public pressure in Afghanistan led tothe government renaming it as theIndia-Afghanistan Friendship Dam.This project is seen as hugely liberatingwestern Afghanistan fromdependence on foreign supply, willensure reliable and consistent electricsupply and has the potential toeconomically transform the region.Similarly, the naming of one of theblocks of the new parliament buildingas Atal block in honour of formerIndian prime minister is symbolic in acountry where symbols are very

India’s positive response led to the

Afghan invitation to the Prime Minister

Modi to inaugurate their Parliament

building. The significance of this was

not lost on the Afghans and their

neighbours— for a democratic

country, its Parliament is not just a

building but is an institution that

embodies the spirit of the nations as

it is here that its elected

representatives decide the course of

the nation. To invite a foreigner to

jointly inaugurate it with their president

is the highest honour that a country

can bestow.

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important. A photo tweet showing theparliament building as India’s gift andanother photo showing the destroyedDar-ul -Aman palace in Kabul asPakistan’s gift went viral in theAfghan social media. Over 10,000Afghan youths have come to India’son scholarship for higher education,and around the same number, usingtheir own money. More than 7,000have gone back to their country afterstudying in India. It must beremembered that India is the largestregional development partner; bycontrast China’s support till date hasbeen only US $125 million. Thepresent writer can speak frompersonal experience that quite oftenIndia is seen as a role model inAfghanistan, both for firmlyestablishing democracy and for itseconomic achievements.

Soft power is important but it hasits limitations. It cannot substitute forhard power, and is most effective inconjunction with the latter, not in lieuof it. However, it must be rememberedthat fundamentally, Afghan goals andthat of Pakistan are irreconcilable. ThePakistani army, which calls the shotsinsofar as that country’s policies onIndia, Afghanistan and nuclearweapons are concerned, cannot settlefor anything less than client state inAfghanistan. Its professed fear of anIndia-Afghanistan axis is asmokescreen for that. Worse, a plural,democratic Afghanistan at peace withitself is an existential threat for thegarrison state that Pakistan hasbecome. With two plural, peace-

loving democracies on its eastern andwestern borders would question thewhole rationale for the Pakistaniarmy’s hegemony over domesticpolicies and recourses. Pakistan’swillingness, and ability, to rein in its

jihadis who carry out terroristsattacks in India and destabiliseAfghanistan is highly suspect.

Throughout this period, especiallywhen Ghani seemed to have reliedexcessively on the Pakistani army todeliver, even given up almost all hiscards, India acted with modelrestraint, as it did not want to be madea scapegoat in case things went wrong,which it had to. And in case, Pakistancould deliver peace in Afghanistan,this was to be welcomed. Going ahead,India must continue to display suchmature reactions, not get carried awayby unnecessary fears of beingmarginalised, and continue to supportthe legitimate Afghan government’sefforts to bring peace, stability anddevelopment to its people.

(The author is former Jt. Secretaryin the Prime Minister’s Office, Power &

Finance Secretary Govt. Of Delhi,Advisor to the Government of

Afghanistan)

Similarly, the naming of one of theblocks of the new parliament buildingas Atal block in honour of formerIndian prime minister is symbolic ina country where symbols are veryimportant.

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“India has done enough to simplifyit’s defence procurement and othernorms. It is time for US Govt andIndustry to reciprocate. It is easy toblame Indian bureaucracy but in somecases, US bureaucracy is much worse”- Manohar Parrikar.

This was possibly one of the firstwhen a visiting dignitary (December2015) did plain talking in the US.When the Indian Defence Ministersaid this, he touched a topic, which hasremained unspoken in India’s dealingswith the US on defence cooperation.He was quick to add that US can adda lot of value to Indian industry andlaid down the path ahead, especiallytowards indigenous manufacturing. 

Parrikar went on to add thatenough was done to facilitate ease ofdoing business in India. He urged USindustry to come forward incollaborating with Indian companies.He stressed upon the fact that Indianindustry today is capable ofmaintaining highest standards andcould easily become an importantpart of the Global Supply Chain ofAmerican Defence companies. 

During the trip, Minister Parrikaralso stressed on the major reforms thathave been brought in India in theDefence sector and urged theGovernment of United States and the

Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar’s U.S.

Visit – Building Blocks for a India-U.S.

Defence Partnership

@ Nitin Gokhale

industry toreciprocate.He stressedthat greatercooperationin Defencesector is aw i n - w i nsituation forb o t hcountries. 

Discussions with Minister andGovernment officials were aroundissues and concerns of the industryfrom both sides. However, industryfrom both sides have expressedsatisfaction over the outcome of theirmeetings. Indian industry is upbeatabout Make in India and keenlylooking forward to more inflow of USinvestment and technology into India.More technology and manufacturingtie-ups are likely to come up in thenear future as well.

Indian industry members werealso of the opinion that India shouldnow also deliberate on what IndianDefence companies can offer to UScompanies rather than just seekinginvestment and technology fromtheir side. Joint Ventures like Tata-Lockheed or Mahindra Telephonicsare a testimony to the fact thatIndian manufacturing companies

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have come of age too and are readyto become an integral part of GlobalSupply Chain of top US defencecompanies. 

This is a good development sincethe India-US defence partnership hasbeen more about symbolism thansubstance for years. While the twocountries conduct a spate of jointexercises across the three services, theprevious United Progressive Alliance(UPA) government and especially itsrisk-averse defence minister AKAntony had prevented achieving fullpotential of their possible jointventures.

 However, Parrikar and his UScounterpart Ashton Carter havealready met thrice in the past oneyear. Parrikar’s recent US visit

(December 2015) saw many firsts inIndo-US defence engagement.Parrikar began his visit from Hawaii,headquarter of the US PacificCommand, thus becoming the firstIndian defence minister to do so. ThePacific Command, largest of the UScommands is the fulcrum ofAmerica’s involvement in the Indo-Asia-Pacific, a new term beingincreasingly used to describe the vaststretch of area from Hawaii to India,covering most of Asia. He was alsohosted on a US aircraft carrier, againa first for any Indian defenceminister.

According to those who wereprivy to the discussions at thehighest levels in Washington, the USdefence establishment is now willing

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to take a re-look at its laws that willhelp India get the best defencetechnology. The US is now in factpushing co-production ventureswith India too. In Ashton Carter,India perhaps has the friendliest USSecretary of Defence. As DeputySecretary of Defence from October2011 to December 2013, Carterpersonally pushed defence tiesbetween the two countries.  Indeed,the 2012 Defence Trade andTechnology Initiative (DTTI) was hisbrainchild. DTTI is now up andrunning again after lying dormantfor the past couple of years. 

During the DTTI Group’s fourthmeeting at the Pentagon recently, thetwo sides committed to executing theproject plans for two government-to-government pathfinder projects: theMobile Electric Hybrid Power Sources(MEHPS) and the Next GenerationProtective Ensemble (NGPE). Twoother projects are nearing finalisation:terms of reference for the Jet EngineTechnology Joint Working Group areready, and the second meeting of theJoint Working Group on AircraftCarrier Technology Cooperation(JWGACTC) will be held in February2016.

The US side is arguing for India tosign the three foundationalagreements— Communications Inter-Operability and SecurityMemorandum of Agreement(CISMOA), LSA (Logistics SupportAgreement), and the Basic Exchangeand Cooperation Agreement for Geo-Spatial Cooperation (BECA)—

considered essential by Washington toallow transfer of high-end technologyto India. The US argument is that theseagreements ease the conduct of jointmilitary exercises besides expandingtheir scope and ambition. 

Apparently, Parrikar has conveyedto US that India has an open mind todiscuss the contours of theseagreements, signaling a shift in theMoD’s thinking. The traditionalreluctance so far was that any suchpact goes against India’s posture ofmilitary neutrality. In fact, on UPADefence Minister AK Antony’s watch,the MoD was even reluctant to allowa third country to participate in theIndia-US Exercise Malabar. Under theNDA regime however, Japan has beenallowed to join the exercise and thearrangement is now formalised for atrilateral exercise to be held annuallyeven at the cost of earning Beijing’swrath. Modi and Parrikar, it appearshave decided not be constrained bythe traditional thinking in South Blockand have given a go ahead for Indiannegotiators to discuss thefoundational agreements.

Despite the incremental progress,critics would want to see moresubstantive progress between Indiaand the US. The building blocks havebeen assembled; both sides can nowspeedily build the superstructure incoming months before the change ofadministration in Washington DC inthe next one year.

(The author is veteran journalist,national security analyst & author)

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NATIONAL AGENDA

The concept of nation building isparamount to any country,especially for India which is

gearing up for a period of rapiddevelopment. It is therefore importantthat the leaders of today sow the rightseeds and do it well so that the courseIndia is going to take is prosperousand equitable for all of us. It is alsoimportant to understand that variouspeople in India have completelydifferent aspirations andbackgrounds. The one thing that cansupport and give shape to thesedreams is education. It is the same

Education - Achievements and

Challenges@@@@@ Raghav Chakravarthy

education that has the potential toplay a significant and remedial role inrepairing the socio-economic fabric ofthe nation.

The Ministry of Human Resourcesand Development (MHRD) led by Ms.Smriti Irani is directing its effortstowards universalisation ofeducation. To lay emphasis on theeducational development of weakersections of the society, the ministryhas tried to implement setting up ofmonitoring committees on educationfor minorities, SCs, STs and Personswith Disabilities, student support

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Initiatives for girls for secondaryeducation, special scholarshipscheme for Jammu & Kashmir,scheme of interest subsidy oneducational loans and regulations onprevention of discrimination andestablishment of ombudsman.

The first initiative of thegovernment, after it came to powerin May, 2014, was ‘Padhe Bharath,Badhe Bharath’. With the objective ofimproving learning outcomes, theprogram was structured along theteachings of Mahatma Gandhi, thatof 3Rs -’ Reading, Writing andArithmetic’. The focus is on languagedevelopment in order to makereading and writing efficient tofacilitate good comprehension of theconcepts and on teachingMathematics in a way that promotesunderstanding and liking. TheMidday Meal Scheme has been veryinstrumental in increasing theenrollment rate and pupilattendance. Efforts have beendirected to increase the effectivenessof the program by incorporatingsome of the best practices of otherstates. In this pursuit, MHRD hasdecided to introduce greater publicparticipation as well as involvementof religious and charitableinstitutions in its Mid-day MealScheme through the concept of “TithiBhojan” to ensure more effectivecommunity monitoring. This model,a success in Gujarat, has a protocolfor standards in food safety to ensurequality and nutrition value of themeal. The community will be playing

an important role in checking qualityof ingredients and preventingcontamination of any kind.

One of the major thrust areas ofthe government is that of pedagogyand teachers. The government haslaunched the ‘Pandit Madan MohanMalaviya National Mission onTeachers and Teaching’ with acorpus 900 Crores. The primary focusof the mission is to address andresolve all issues related to teaching,teachers, teacher training, designingcurriculum, developing assessmentmethodologies and effectivepedagogy. The mission will also focuson creating a strong workforce ofteachers of high quality by settingperformance standards andproviding state of the art institutionalfacilities.

On 2nd October in 2014, the PrimeMinister launched the SwacchBharath Mission which is to befulfilled by 2019 to commemorate the150th birth anniversary of the fatherof the nation. The government hasaptly chosen to disseminate the corevalues of the program throughschools and educational institutionsto effect such a behavioural change.The ‘Swacch Bharath, SwacchVidyalay’ (Clean India, CleanSchools) campaign launchedalongside primarily focusses onmaking accessible to every student aschool having a set of functioning andwell maintained water, sanitationand hygiene facilities. In this aspect,the school or the educationalinstitution must be technically

NATIONAL AGENDA

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enabled with the entire requiredinfrastructure, while at the same,have teachers incorporating theconcepts of hygiene, health, nutritionand sanitation in classrooms and inday to day practice. The rationalebehind this program is that a cleanand a healthy school will result inimproved health and less diseaseswhich will in turn translate intoimproved attendance rates and lowerdrop-out rates. This will help thechildren fare better in their academicsand push them to promote the sameculture of health and hygiene in theirrespective communities. The SwacchVidyalay campaign is also supportedby the national flagship programSarva Shiksha Abhiyaan and NirmalGram Puraskar. Over the years, it hasbeen observed that girls tend to drop-out of school when there are no propertoilets and washing facilities are notprivate, not safe or simply notavailable. A lot of emphasis is laid onsanitation and building ofappropriate gender-separated toiletsin every school in order to curb drop-out rates of girls.

It is a good sign that thegovernment is working towardseducation of girls. It is also activelyusing technology to identify the gapsthat exist in the system. MHRD incollaboration with UNICEF has comeup with a tool called Digital GenderAtlas for Advancing Girls’ education.The atlas will be particularly helpfulin identifying the geographic pocketsfor girls which aren’t performingwell, particularly from marginalized

groups such as scheduled castes,schedule tribes and Muslimminorities, on specific gender relatededucation indicators. It has beendeveloped as a hands-onmanagement tool with genderranking systems, trend analysis ofgeneral performance metrics,comparative analysis of individualgender related indicators over yearsand this enables a visual assessmentof the change. It is useful to knowthat the Gender Atlas can also useavailable data on education, healthand census to provide quantitativeanalysis. This tool is available on thewebsite and can be used by anyinterest groups to plan and executeeducational interventions.

The government has announced anew scheme called ‘Beti Bachao, BetiPadhao’. Under this, an amount ofRs.100 Crores for 2015-16 has beenearmarked to strengthen girls’education in 100 districts selected onthe basis of Child Sex Ratio. Apartfrom instituting district level awardsto deserving students in thesedistricts, self defence and life skills arealso being taught to girls. Under SSA,the number of out of school childrenhas come down to 5.9% from 8.2%among SCs and from 9.5% to 5.2% inthe case of STs. In order to sustain theseresults, efforts are being channelisedtowards maintaining the existinginfrastructure and building new onesapart from providing incentives in theform of uniform, books, cycles etc. Thegovernment has taken up the task ofmodernising the madrasas through

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the ‘Scheme to Provide QualityEducation in Madrasa’ (SPQEM).Under SPQEM, the centralgovernment provides assistance tomadrasas and maktabs (elementaryschools) to make subjects like Science,Maths, Social Science, English, Hindipart of the curriculum. It has also beenpromoting programs like ‘Seekho aurSikhao’ and ‘Padho Pardes’ in orderto augment the socio-economicdevelopment in minority populatedareas.

With changing times, India has toadapt and reinvent its pedagogymodel and schooling systems. At thesame time, the needs of theunderprivileged, tribal children,economically weaker sections of thesociety have to be kept in mind. Theadvent of technology in education isproving to be a great boon but themajor challenge is to take thistechnology to all sections of society sothat in this fast-paced digital age, noone is left behind. While a majority ofurban students (91.33%) have usedcomputers, only 32.33% of the ruralpopulace has been exposed to anykind of computer. The governmentneeds to bridge this inequality in shorttime for the disparity between the twois fast growing.

Despite innovations in curriculumand developments in infrastructure,education will suffer so long as themain instruments of Education- theteachers- do not improve and adapt.Developing teacher training programsrequires immense planning andmanagement. If India has to be able

to export quality teachers in themanner our Hon. Prime Ministerenvisions, we need to build capabilitiesof the teacher in a way that is rigorousand holistic. The challenge is to evolvea homogenous teacher trainingprograms across the length andbreadth of the country for focussedand consistent improvements inpedagogy.

Another major issue that we faceas a nation is the way differently-abled children are not able to makemaximum use of our educationsystem. Notwithstanding the designparadigms that we haveincorporated in educationalinstitutions, hospitals and publicplaces keeping the differently-abledin mind, we are still not able tomaximise their capabilities. Oureducation curriculum is not yetsuited to the needs of special children,children suffering from autism andthose who are mentally challenged.Instead, there is immense stigmaabout these things in the schoolingcircles. If we are to make educationinclusive, then we need to keep theneeds of these children in mind. Thefocus should also be on sensitizingchildren about these disabilities andspreading awareness on how eachone of us can make them feel included.It is extremely crucial that oureducation system must accentuatethese behavioural changes that needto be brought about in schools. In hisvery first “Mann ki Baat”, PrimeMinister Modi had discussed thechallenges faced by differently-abled

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people, especially children.

A recent report on gender parity by McKinsey, a global consultancy firm,points out that Indian women contribution to GDP is a dismal 17% of IndianGDP. It is a far cry from the global average of 37%. The report has computeda score on gender parity for 95 countries and finds that for India the scoreson the Index are extremely low (<0.50 on a scale of 0-1, where 1 indicatesgender parity) making her very ‘gender unequal’ at present. The majorchallenge of the next decade is how India is going to frame educationalpolicies that will result in greater female participation in formal roles. Forcountries like India which has huge gender inequality, increasing genderparity could add as high as 60 percent to India’s GDP.

References:

1. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/smriti-irani-launches-padhe-bharat-badhe-bharat-programme/article6353330.ece

2. http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/hrd-ministry-set-to-adopt-gujarats-tithi-bhojan-concept/

3. http://currentaffairs.gktoday.in/hrd-ministry-introduce-tithi-bhojan-schools-mid-day-meal-scheme-10201415275.html

4. http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/mhrd-to-keep-check-o n - g i r l - e d u c a t i o n - w i t h - g e n d e r - a t l a s / s t o r y -410X4Zy2zDTduDdjN9BjKI.html

5. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/govt-to-simplify-implementation-of-minorityrelated-schemes-naqvi/article6871281.ece

6. http://unicef.in/Whatwedo/39/Clean-India-Clean-Schools

7. http://www.edu-leaders.com/articles/1002504/mhrd-launches-digital-gender-atlas

8. http://www.business-standard.com/article/government-press-release/higher-education-for-person-with-special-needs-hepsn-114122300008_1.html

9. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Now-digital-Gender-Atlas-to-map-girls-education-progress/articleshow/46509061.cms

10. Reports from the website of Ministry of HRD

11. Newsletters of Ministry of HRD

(The author is a Young India Fellow (YIF) 2015-16 at Ashoka University and isinterning with SPMRF under the ELM programme)

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India is faced with an excitingchallenge—it needs to create over1 million new jobs every month for

the next 20 years to give employmentto the 200 million youth who will jointhe work force. These jobs will have tocome from new companies, andtherein lies the paramountsignificance of creating afundamental shift in the eco system ofdoing business in India.

In order to provide an impetus tothe Indian entrepreneurial landscape,the Government launched the StartupIndia, Standup India campaign on16th January,2016. Theinitiative aims toset up a networkof start-ups andprovide a newdimension toentrepreneurshipin the country.Prime MinisterNarendra Modih i m s e l flaunched thegovernment’sStart-up Indiaprogramme toe n c o u r a g eentrepreneurshipin the country.While there has

Modi Govt’s Mega push to Start-up

India Movement

@ Siddharth Singh

been commendable growth in thestart-up ecosystem—India ranks thirdamong global start-ups with 4,400new-age companies—it is stillconcentrated in the technologydomain and is located largely inBangalore, Mumbai and the NationalCapital Region. The Prime Minister’splan has now focused on extending itto other sectors and spread across thecountry.

One of the major bottlenecks inenabling start-ups is funding. In aNITI Aayog survey of economicallybackward youth, 97% respondents

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stated that access to capital was abarrier to entrepreneurship. TheStartup India of the Government hasalso tried to address regulatoryissues like entry and exit norms, givetax incentives and help develop skillsets which will lead to innovations.As per the Action plan of StartupIndia, Industry too, will nowcollaborate with educationalinstitutions to fund research anddevelopment and develop productsthat can help change society andlifestyle.

As Prime Minister NarendraModi launched “Startup India,Stand Up India”, the focus of theGovernment is on rousing theentrepreneurial spirit among thecountry’s youth. The hope is thatstart-ups will, over time,manufacture state-of-the-artproducts, create jobs for the youthand generate wealth to investors.Over the past few years, the start-upmomentum picked pace as fundinginto the sector grew 125%, from $2.2billion in 2014 to $4.9 billion in 2015,as per a Nasscom report. That ismuch higher than the cumulativefunding of $3.2 billion over 2010-14.The total number of active investorshas also grown from 220 in 2014 to490 in 2015. In the process, India hasalso emerged as the third largest hubglobally after the US and the UKwith 4,200 technology start-ups.That number is expected to exceed12,000 by 2020.

The ease of opening businessesconsistently marks as one of the most

important variables across allConnecting talent with the requiredinfrastructure helps improve theoverall knowledge economy andcreates new jobs. As internetconnectivity and penetrationimproves, it plays a major role inboosting job generation and enablingnewcomers to start successful businessventures.

With its new start-up policy,government is trying to sort outissues that ensure start-ups does notface any problems and get aconducive eco system to flourish.Young entrepreneurs seek, amongother things, clarity in tax policies,increase in FDI limit in key sectors,single-window clearance, removalof tax on ESOPs and a quick GSTroll-out. In its policy, Governmenthas tried its best to move extra mileon all these issues. To feed into thestart-up ecosystem, the governmentis also investing in educationalinstitutions with a focus on skilldevelopment and also increasing itsspending on infrastructure. TheCentral government push to Startupin India will provide the right policydirection to ensure that start-upsstay invested in India. The proposedStartup India, Standup Indiascheme can play a big role inextending the startup culture acrossthe country by promoting therequired blend of suitable policies,access to finance, incubation andinclusive ecosystem.

(Siddharth Singh is ResearchAssociate with SPMRF)

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West Bengal has had a veryintriguing history when itcomes to industries and

industrialisation. From the periodbefore independence, Kolkata (thenCalcutta) and other places of WestBengal (then Bengal) have been thehub of many industries such as jute,textiles, tea, and fishery. Haldia, asmall port town in the south of Kolkatawas and is still considered to be thehub of exports from India. During the1940s the industries in West Bengalwere at such a peak that Bengalaccounted for the highest number ofindustrial labours in the country. Asper the statistical data of the 1960s,West Bengal was the second mostindustrialized state in the country. Butsoon after that the industrial sector ofWest Bengal came to a halt, with slowgrowth of industries eventuallyleading to a decline. This is supportedby the fact that the total industrialoutput in West Bengal in the year1980-81 was 9.8% and it declined to5% in 1997-98.

The industrial sector of West Bengalis scattered over certain regionsdominated by a particular kind ofsector. The leather tanneries are locatedin Kolkata itself along with the fisheryindustry which accounts for the highestnumber of shrimp trade in the country.

POLITICAL COMMENTARIES

The steel and alloy industry is situatedat Durgapur, the tea industry ofDarjeeling and the jute mills in regionsaround the Hugli River, 64 kilometresaway from Kolkata. Apart from these,West Bengal is also the hub of Sugar,chemical fertilizer and dried flowersindustry.

Now the question which arises isthat, in spite of having so manyindustrial hubs from the past, why hasWest Bengal failed to keep up itsindustrial output and growth. Theaverage growth rate of the industrialsector in West Bengal slumped from5.8% in early 2000s to 4.7% in 2009bringing West Bengal from 10th to 23rd

rank in terms of average industrialgrowth rate. If we take a broader viewof the reasons as to why thishappened, we can attribute it to useof outdated technology, manuallabour in industries like jute beingtaken over by factories and neglect bythe government. Since the 1980s whenthe agricultural production of WestBengal was given the utmost priority,the industrial sector faced a decline.The government failed to balance thegrowth of both these industriesequally. Taking a more recentexample of the industrial failures, in2006, when the BuddhadebBhattacharya led Left front

Industrial Legacy of West

Bengal – a perspective@ Shwetabh Ranjan

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government came to power it couldnot deliver many of its promises in theindustrial sector. The failed TATANano plant project at Singur was amajor influencing factor. The reasonfor the abandonment of the projectwas that the land was taken awayfrom the farmers and adequateremuneration was not given. Also,that these farmers didn’t have anyalternate occupation. But had thefactory come up, these were thepeople who would have been workingas labourers which they failed tounderstand. Even the MamataBanerjee led Trinamool Congressgovernment which came to power onthe promise of getting the land backto the farmers failed to do so. So it wasa lose-lose situation for everyone.

In January 2014, the TMCgovernment however proposed aninitiative to establish many industrialregions. 12 new industrial estates wereproposed in the north of Bengal and asum of Rupees 100 crores was markedfor that. Even if 6 of them wereproperly operational, they could havegiven employment to around 50thousand people which would havebeen a quantum jump in the directionof industrialization in west Bengal. Butthe implementation of these estatesdidn’t take place as expected. It didn’tfind any positive light from anydirection. A mini secretariat wasopened at Siliguri to provide supportfor industrial development. On thequestion of quickening thedevelopment of the north Bengal aprobable solution to this was proposed

by the chairman of the CII of the NorthBengal chapter who argued that theregion should be included in the NorthEast Council as it also hosts almostsimilar socio-geo- economicalstructure as North eastern states. Orat least West Bengal may offer similarbenefits to investors as given by statesin its northern border such as Sikkim.But no action was taken in thisdirection too and the Chief MinisterMamata Banerjee maintained hersilence on it when she was expectedto speak about it while inauguratingthe secretariat at Siliguri.

The problem of industrialization ofWest Bengal is the inability to come upwith a comprehensive industrial planand vision and at the same time strikea fine balance between agriculture –this is important in a state where theentire political narrative based itselfand evolved on farmer and land issuesin the last four decades – andindustrialisation. The affinity offarmers who account for the majorvote bank in West Bengal towardstheir lands is so strong that it led tothe fall of the 34 year old Communistparty led government. The case ofNandigram where the governmentwas trying to acquire land forciblyfrom the farmers, trying to convert itinto a special economic zone was alsoa major influencing factor in the 2011elections. What we can infer fromthese cases is that if the industrialsector of West Bengal has to bedeveloped it cannot be done only byadopting a pro industry policy andignoring the agricultural sector all

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together. The elections of 2011 is thebest example of this. Any governmentwhich wants to look after famerswelfare as well as industrialize thestate has to hit the exact balancebetween the two. Some steps towardsthese can be high remunerations inreciprocity to land acquisitions andpromises of employment which haveto be fulfilled. Because the people ofthe state are now aware of the hoaxpromises that the governments makeand they show their resentment in theelections. The promises under “SingurLand Rehabilitation and DevelopmentAct” were not fulfilled either, theconsequences of which may show inthe upcoming elections of 2016.

It is this balance that seems to havealways eluded West Bengal.

Year West

Bengal

1994-95 6.8

1995-96 7.4

1996-97 6.9

1997-98 8.2

1998-99 6.3

1999-00 6.8

2000-01 3.8

2001-02 7.3

2002-03 3.7

2003-04 6.2

2004-05 6.8

2005-06 6.2

2006-07 7.7

2007-08 7.7

2008-09 4.9

2009-10 9.8

2010-11 7.0

2011-12 7.0

Average Growth Rate

over 1994-95 to 2000-01 6.7

Average Growth Rate

over 2004-05 to 2011-12 7.2

Improvement in

Growth rate (%) 0.5

References-

44444 h t t p : / / w w w . b u s i n e s s -standard.com/article/economy-policy/west-bengal-saw-97-decline-i n - i n d u s t r i e s - s i n c e - 2 0 1 0 -113122800521_1.html

44444 http://www.rediff.com/business/column/column-why-west-bengal-is-lagging-behind-other-states/20141224.htm

44444 h t t p : / /www.yourarticlel ibrary.com/i n d u s t r i e s / p r o d u c t i o n - a n d -d i s t r i b u t i o n - o f - j u t e - t e x t i l e s -industry-in-india/19699/

44444 http://www.wbidc.com/images/p d f / L e a t h e r - a n d - L e a t h e r -Products.pdf

44444 http://www.wbidc.com/images/p d f / L e a t h e r - a n d - L e a t h e r -Products.pdf

44444 http://www.indiaspend.com/investigations/how-bengal-lost-an-o p p o r t u n i t y - t o - c h a n g e - i t s -economic-course

(Shwetabh Ranjan is a Young IndiaFellow (IYF) (2015-16) at Ashoka

University and doing his ELM termwith SPMRF)

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Post the election result in Bihar, Iwas waiting eagerly for“Mahagathbandhan “to take

office. I was irrationally hoping thatthe alliance will work out anagreement to deliver good governanceto the people of Bihar. Though, I hadserious doubts, and my earlierwritings tried to make a case for givingthe BJP led NDA a chance to governthe state towards prosperity, I restoredmy faith in the legitimate electedrepresentatives. Even myconversations with few friends inBihar reflected an uneasy calm withmemories of a dark past re-emerging.This was an irony for me, especiallywhen the state had given a resoundingmandate to JDU (Janata Dal United)and RJD (RashtriyaJanata Dal) togovern for a five year period.Unfortunately, my irrationaloptimism took a backseat as I startedflipping newspapers of the past 2months. To my surprise, newspaperheadlines were filled with reports ofincidents of abduction, kidnappingand murder. This is when I recallPresident Barack Obama’s recent stateof the union address, “In a democracywe have to move towards a systemwhere voters select the electedrepresentatives, not the politicianschoosing their voters”. This is akin tothe vote bank phenomenon that weencounter in Indian politicalestablishment. Unfortunately in Bihar,

Bihar: Kya Socha Kya Paya@ Pradip bhandari

the conflicting self interest of thealliance partners is taking the stateback to days of lawlessness.

Facts

The new government took chargeon November 20, 2015. SinceNovember there have been more than23 cases of kidnapping, with highernumber in December compared toNovember. The New Year rather thanbeing a beacon of hope turned out tobe a continuity of gloom for Bihar.Bihar welcomed the new year with thenews of the couple being killed inKanakpur village, arrests being madein Chhapra, and theft committed inGaya. This was a continuum to theexisting situation last year. The lastyear ended with the news of thekidnapped engineering student, whowas traced after four days. Thestudent had lodged a kidnapping caseafter his father received a ransom text.These incidents should not be seen inisolation, but in the context of changein government, where dividedloyalties of the ruling establishment isa contributing catalyst towardsdeteriorating law and order problemin the state.

What did Bihar vote for?

The electorate had entrusted thecurrent chief minister of Bihar to takethe state forward on the developmentpath. Any development can only beachieved once a state of security is a

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norm in the society. The chief ministermight have the intention to take thestate ahead, but is it possible for himto reign in the “non – fringe” elementswhose survival is contingent onkeeping law and order in a relativelyvolatile position. Today, Bihar isseeking investment eagerly in power,

roads, and manufacturing. Capitalinvestment – public and private iscritical for making Bihar the meltingpot of economic activity especiallyagriculture, manufacturing andtourism. However, even if the statespends from its limited kitty toincrease gross state capital/GDP ratio,crowding in of private investment canonly happen after the law and ordersituation is improved. Privateinvestment is needed to improve thepower distribution company balancesheet in the state. A report of NationalSample Survey Organization (NSSO)titled “Energy Sources for IndianHouseholds for Cooking andLighting” showed that about sevenout of 10 rural households in thecountry had electricity. However, in

Bihar, only about two houses and ahalf out of ten rural households haveelectricity. Moreover, it has thehighest number of urban householdswithout electricity connection. TheWorld Bank, in its recentreport (February 2015), claimed thattwo out of three people in Bihar donot have access to electricity. Thissorry state of affairs has made animpact on the availability ofeducation, health and employmentopportunities in the state. Moreover,with the announcement of latestUDAY scheme by Ministry of Powerand Renewable Energy, an initialrevival corpus would be provided bythe ministry but ultimately theburden to revamp the unacceptablestate of power distribution andavailability will fall on the stateexchequer.

Rajesh Chakrabarti in his book“Bihar Breakthrough: the turnaroundof a beleaguered state” points on theachievements of the current chiefminister, when he was in a coalitionwith BJP led NDA. It is time the ChiefMinister puts his foot down. Thequestion is can he, when he ispresiding over a partnership bornout of differing ideologies and goalscoming together for survival.

(Pradip Bhandari is a founder ofJan kibaat, the digital media start-up.

He works for global villagefoundation, a public policy think tank

working with Government ofHaryana. He is also the recipient of

young leader award, 1st Model youthparliament in 2014)

Rajesh Chakrabarti in his book “Bihar

Breakthrough: the turnaround of a

beleaguered state” points on the

achievements of the current chief

minister, when he was in a coalition with

BJP led NDA. It is time the Chief Minister

puts his foot down. The question is can

he, when he is presiding over a

partnership born out of dif fering

ideologies and goals coming together for

survival.

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The Winter Session of Parliament which began on November 26th andended on December 23rd saw Lok Sabha working for 98% of its scheduledtime while Rajya Sabha, where the BJP led NDA is in minority, worked

for only 51% of its scheduled time. The Rajya Sabha which was scheduled towork for 112 hours during the Winter Session lost 55 hours to disruption bythe opposition led by the Congress Party. Important legislations like the Goodsand Service Tax (GST) Bill could not be passed in this session, jeopardizing thereform which needs to be rolled out by the financial year starting April, 2016.

According to PRS Legislative Research, both houses of the Parliamentwere scheduled to function for a total of 226 hours in this session andconsider 19 bills. During the session, the Lok Sabha passed 14 bills andregistered 104% productivity by working overtime. But the Rajya Sabhawas consistently adjourned due to protests by the opposition parties andfunctioned for only 51% of its scheduled time. While Rajya Sabha passed 7Bills, 6 of these were passed without any discussion. Lok Sabha spent moretime debating Bills as compared to Rajya Sabha in this session. Lok Sabhadiscussed 13 Bills for 28 hours, whereas Rajya Sabha discussed 9 Bills for 8

hours. Theproductivitypercentageof RajyaS a b h ad u r i n gq u e s t i o nhour wasonly 14%while LokS a b h arecorded aproductivityo f   8 7 %d u r i n gq u e s t i o nhour. In the

last four sessions the average productivity of Lok Sabha has been 97% whilethat of Rajya Sabha has been 62%.

Disruptions in Rajya Sabha:

How the country lost precious time

and resources

(Source: PRS Legislative Research)

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The Winter Session ofParliament adjourned sine dieon December 23, 2015. RajyaSabha Chairman HamidAnsari, in his concludingremarks said that the sessiontill last week had seemedsingularly unproductive interms of legislative work.

The Lok Sabha, where theBJP has a comfortablemajority, worked for 115hours - an hour extra

compared to the scheduled 114 hours. The Lok Sabha was able to pass bills andfunction despite the disruptions because the Congress is in a minority there. Itis indeed cruel on the part of Congress which doesn’t let Rajya Sabha functionwhere it has greater numbers.

Compiled by:

Shubhendu Anand

Research Associate, SPMRF

Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation

(Source: PRS Legislative Research)

(Source: PRS Legislative Research)

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INDIA@POSITIVE

In a major energy diplomacy coupfor the Modi government, Qatarhas nearly halved the price of gas

it sells under a 25-year contract andwaived a payment liability of Rs12,000 crore arising from India’srefusal to import the committednumber of shipments in 2015 underthe ‘take-or-pay’ clause. PetronetLNG, India’s largest importer of gasin ships, and Qatar’s RasGas havenow agreed to a new pricing formulathat would see gas price dropping to$6-7 per unit from the original $12-13. India is the second liquid gasbuyer after China to havesuccessfully renegotiated a long-term contract in tune with thechanged reality of slump in pricesand supply glut in the global energymarket. The new deal which hasbeen renegotiated by Oil ministryunder Dharmendra Pradhan is a“win-win” outcome of“statesmanship” shown by the topleaders of the two countries. Aconsensus on need to reopen the dealin the backdrop of low global oil andgas prices emerged during QatariEmir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani’s visit in March 2015.

The new formula is linked toBrent crude and would entail asaving of Rs 4,700 crore annually for

Energy Diplomacy Coup for the ModiGovernment, Qatar halves gas price,waives India’s Rs 12,000cr liability

the fertiliser industry alone, thebiggest consumer of liquid gas. Alower fuel cost would automaticallyreduce the government’s fertilisersubsidy. Its impact on power tariffswould be felt because there alsoconsumers who will be benefited byreduction in prices because in India,Gas-fired stations account for 7-8%of total capacity. Most of the gas-fired stations are running underspecial government subsidy schemeand most importantly the gas utilityGAIL would stand to benefit sincethe lower price would prompt gasdemand, raising utilisation of theutility’s pipelines which will furthergive a fillip to the overall economy.The main driver of the successfuldeal between both the countries wasthe realisation on both sides ofIndia’s muscle as a buyer andQatar’s imperative to maintainmarket share. In return for therenegotiation, the companies of boththe countries has also signed aseparate contract for one milliontonne of additional gas for theremaining tenure of the deal, whichhas given a benefit of $15 billion byway of lower prices when they weregoing up in the 11 years sincesupplies began in 2003.

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INDIA'S WORLD OF DIPLOMACY

“Green Economy Initiative”,launched in late 2008 by the UnitedNations Environment Programme(UNEP), aims to improve the humanwell-being and social equity, whilesignificantly reducing environmentalrisks and ecological scarcities.India andEgypt were among the 65 countriesthat embarked on this mission tocreate sustainable economies throughdevelopment of green policies,technologies, and infrastructure.

Both countries have common areasof concern in their endeavour todevelop greener economies. Onemajor problem being the everincreasing population andurbanization accompanied with thecolossal increase in the number ofvehicles on road. For instance, as perthe Delhi government website, thereare 84.75 lakh private vehicles and3.56 lakh commercial vehiclesregistered in Delhi up to 31 March’15.The direct results of this rise in vehiclepopulation in the form of pollution,poor waste management, poor airquality, etc are major concerns for thegovernment and the citizens ingeneral. In this paper, I present threeselected cases from Egypt wherein theEgyptian government has, incollaboration with international

India and Egypt: Towards aGreener Economy

@ Bhavya Sree Ravi,

Neha Batra,Shwetabh Ranjan

organizations, successfullyimplemented programs in the last 7-8years to combat the environmentalissues discussed above and theirapplicability in the Indian context.

“Egypt Vehicle Scrapping andRecycling Program” is a nationalprogram launched in 2009 to reducegreenhouse emissions and airpollution associated with the agingtaxi vehicles in Greater Cairo. Underthe program, the taxis operational forover 20 years qualify for voluntaryreplacements with newer models thatmeet Egyptian environment Lawstandards. The earlier governmentregulation, Traffic law #121 whichstates that the owners of masstransport vehicles older than 20 yearswill not be eligible for operatinglicenses supported theimplementation of this program. Thewhole process takes place in two parts.In the first phase, the interestedvehicle owners head to the scrappingand recycling storage site forinspection following which they areentitled to the financial incentives inexchange of the old vehicle. Theseincentives include tax and customwaiver for purchase of new vehicles.In the second phase, the old vehiclesare recycled in a private sector facility

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selected through a tender issued by thegovernment. Government alsoprovides support and resources for thestorage site and the compliance andmonitoring of the program. While theprogram is set to last 28 years from thelaunch date, the project will mostlikely be mainstreamed as acontinuous service.

The program runs on the publicprivate partnership (PPP) model.Private sector partners include vehicledealers, participating commercialbanks and an insurance company. Thedealers provide lower than marketprices for the vehicles while thecommercial banks provide lower thanmarket interest rates on loans forbuying new vehicles. In the periodfrom 2009 to 2015, 43,000 taxis in theouter Cairo regions have beenreplaced through the program and anestimated 350,000- 470,000 CertifiedEmission Reductions (CERs) will beregistered over the period 2013-2018.Other benefits include CH

4 and

N2O reductions and increase in the

average fuel efficiency. However, theprogram faces substantial systematicrisk due to instability in the politicaland macroeconomic categories.

As discussed above, three factorscommon to the Egyptian Capital andIndian metropolitan cities are highpopulation density, use of automotivevehicles as primary means of transportand transport sector being a majorpollutant. Given the lack of necessarypolicy to deal with the aging vehiclesin India, the Egyptian programprovides a great model for the

scrapping and recycling initiative inIndia. The recent governmentinitiatives to mitigate the problemsuch as ban on diesel vehicles over 10years old in Delhi issued by theNational Green Tribunal seemlacklustre without the necessaryincentives provided as in the Egyptianmodel.

The program also provides a goodcase for the “Cash for Clunkers”Scheme that is being developed andproposed by the Ministry of Road,Transport and Highways (MoRTH).The scheme plans to provide cashincentives upto Rs 1.5 lakh for newpurchase of vehicles, with amount ofbenefit depending upon the use of thevehicle replaced. The plan involvessetting up of 8-10 industrial units nearports like Kandla which will givecertificates for accepting old vehiclesand recycle vehicles from India andabroad, thus giving a boost toemployment and economy.

The second Egyptian case for thedevelopment of sustainable GreenEconomy is the “Egypt PollutionAbatement Project”. EPAP is the largestindustrial pollution abatementprogram in the Middle East andAfrica implemented by The EgyptianEnvironment Affairs Agency (EEAA),presently in its third phase. It is co-financed by a consortium ofInternational financial anddevelopment organizations includingthe World Bank, the EuropeanInvestment Bank and the FrenchDevelopment Agency. The project haspioneered a sustainable mechanism

INDIA'S WORLD OF DIPLOMACY

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for pollution abatement by acombination of financial, technicaland institutional measures. Itpromotes pollution abatement inindustrial complexes in Alexandriaand Greater Cairo areas by financinga wide range of projects that addressseveral environmental problemsthrough emission reduction,environmental improvement, wastewater treatment, adoption of cleanertechnologies and so on. Theseactivities also benefit the firms byincreasing their economiccompetitiveness in respect of theproduction efficiency, job creation,exports, marketing and corporategovernance. The Financial incentivesin the form of 20% grant (of the loanamount) and its linking to thecompany’s performance have playeda great role in encouraging companiesto participate in this project.

The second phase of the project,EPAP II established performancebenchmarking system to strengthenthe implementation and monitoring ofthe program. Apart from the financialassistance, institutional supportimproves the enforcement ofenvironmental regulations. The thirdphase of EPAP expands the projectwith preferential treatment to theSmall and medium Enterprises (SMEs)and use of alternate fuels in industries.While India also has environmentalregulations in this regard, theEgyptian case provides a goodexample for its better implementation.

Last but not the least, “The Egyptnational Cleaner Production Centre

(ENCPC)” is a prime example ofcooperation between the private andthe public sector to follow a cleanerproduction approach thereby savingnatural resources, reducing wastedisposal and abating industrialpollution. It was established in 2005by the Egyptian government incooperation with the United NationsIndustrial Development Organisation(UNIDO). The centre offers technicalassistance to the Egyptian industry toachieve zero waste, integratedchemicals management, energyefficiency, etc. At the same time, ithelps the companies to gain financialaccess by assisting them in meetingcredit requirements of InternationalFinancial institutions like the WorldBank, German Development Bank,etc. While the project faced a numberof limitations and setbacks because oflack of concrete policies andmanagerial expertise, it successfullycreated a positive impact on theproductivity and the competitivenessof the Egyptian Industries with thesupport of its internationalcollaborations.

Apart from these PPP programs , anumber of private initiatives in theEgyptian context have created asignificant impact in combatingenvironmental pollution and movingtowards a cleaner production. “ElMasreya for lead smelting, refining andfabrication” is one such organizationthat has created significantenvironmental and social benefits byre-allocating the smelters anddesigning efficient new facilities.

INDIA'S WORLD OF DIPLOMACY

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While these Egyptian success stories provide great insights forimplementation of similar policies and programs in India, EnvironmentInvestment is a trend that has not been sufficiently explored in Egypt andprovides an attractive future business opportunity for Indian investors.”Greendevelopment” is the need of the hour for both the nations and theircollaboration in this regard holds great potential and benefits for both theparties.

(The authors are Young India Fellows 2015-16 interning with SPMRF underthe ELM programme)

References

Cedare, 2013, Green Economy: Egypt Success Stories, EgyptianEnvironmental Affairs Agency, United Nations Environment UNDPProgramme

Diesel vehicles old cars pilot project, http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-05-07/auto/61902848_1_diesel-vehicles-old-cars-pilot-project

Second pollution abatement project, http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P090073/second-pollution-abatement-project?lang=en

Total Vehicles registered zonewise up to 31-Mar 2015,

h t t p : / / d e l h i . g o v . i n / w p s / w c m / c o n n e c t /c e a e 2 6 0 0 4 7 e b d 6 a a b b 3 6 b f 0 a 0 c 5 c d 6 d d /P r i v a t e + V e h i c l e s + R e g d . p d f ? M O D = A J P E R E S & l m o d = -970204675&CACHEID=ceae260047ebd6aabb36bf0a0c5cd6dd&lmod=-1858985383&CACHEID= ceae260047ebd6aabb36bf0a 0c5cd6dd&Total% 20Vehicles%20 registered% 20zonewise% 20up%20to%2031-Mar-2015

Egyptian pollution abatement epap iii project,https://www.devex.com/projects/pipelines/egyptian-pollution-abatement-epap-iii-project/27242

ht tp ://www-wds .wor ldbank .org/externa l/defaul t/WDSContentServer/WDSP/MNA/2015/06/18/090224b082f53be3/1_0/Rendered/PDF/Egypt00Arab0Re0Report000Sequence002.pdf

INDIA'S WORLD OF DIPLOMACY

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Sub-Saharan Africa comprises ofthe region below the Saharadesert in the African continent

comprising of 49 countries and anapproximate population of 800 million.India’s relations with the region datesback to the 19th century whenMahatma Gandhi started his civildisobedience movement for the firsttime in Natal against the lawfulpractice of racial discrimination.However, post-independence India’srelations with the region didn’t makemuch progress. The relations werestagnant in the post-cold war era butstrengthened because the problemsbeing faced by both India and SubSaharan region were similar like pooreconomy and trade, population, healthand education. This led to strongeconomic (natural resource andmarket opportunities) and political ties(strategic partnership, India’s globalambitions) between the two regions.

As per a recent report by Deloitte,Sub-Saharan Africa is forecast to bethe fastest growing region in the worldover the next five years as measuredby the projected GDP growth rates.The trade between India and Sub-Saharan Africa stood at $60 billion in2012. However, it was still far belowthat of the EU ($567.2 billion), the U.S.($446.7 billion), and China ($220billion). Nevertheless, India has showngreat interest in its engagement with

this region through a wide range ofactivities, including investmentprograms and development aid. Whilethere is a wide scope of investment ina number of sectors in this regionincluding manufacturing, power,education, and so on but our area ofimmediate concern is the power sectorin this region and its potential forIndian investments.

One of the major challenges thatface the region of Sub Saharan Africatoday is that of power generation.According to a survey done byMcKinsey in February 2015, SouthAfrica has 13% of the world’spopulation and 48% of the globalpopulation without electricity. Theonly other region facing similarimbalance is South Asia with 23% ofworld’s population and 34% of thepeople without access to electricity.Thus, almost 600 million people inAfrica are without electricity. The onlyseven countries in the Sub Saharanregion with electricity access rateexceeding 50% is Cameroon, CoteD’Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Namibia,Senegal and South Africa. Even theconsumption rate is 150 Kilowatt-hours per capita, much lower thanIndia and Brazil, the other twocountries in the IBSA (India, Braziland South Africa) forum. Suchconditions of lack of electricity causemajor damage to the economy and

Sub- Saharan Africa: IndianInvestment in the Power Sector

@ Bhavya Sree Ravi, Neha Batra, Shwetabh Ranjan

INDIA'S WORLD OF DIPLOMACY

The

Nationalist 47

leads to the stagnated development.

The major reason behind the power shortage in Africa lies in the lack ofinfrastructure. The region’s plans to develop its industries are purely based on theamount of power it will generate in the future. According to the same McKinseyreport, the power consumption in Sub-Saharan region with the proposed plan ofdevelopment of industries will be around 1600 terawatt hours by 2040 which is 4times of that in 2010. These figures are based on a fivefold increase in GDP, doublingof population, electricity access levels reaching 70% and increased urbanisation.Also, with these estimated consumption levels, the estimated increase in powergeneration is only 70-80% under the current plans of increasing power generation.Thus there is a huge gap between the projected demand and supply of power inthis region that creates immense potential for foreign investment in this sector.

The potential of the estimated power generation vary across different typesof power.

Source Power generating capacity

Solar 10 terawatts

Gas 400 gigawatts

Hydro 350 gigawatts

Coal 300 gigawatts

Wind 109 gigawatts

Geothermal 15 gigawatts

Gas would account for more than 40 percent of the electricity generatedfrom 2020 onward, with hydro remaining a very important technology. Solarwould take off significantly after 2030, representing 8 percent of the generationmix by 2040 and more than 30 percent of capacity additions between 2030 and2040. Even in the absence of active incentives, more than 25 percent of totalenergy in 2040 would come from clean sources—geothermal, hydro, solar, andwind—compared with 21 percent today, almost all of which is fromhydroelectric sources.  The average levelized cost of energy generated wouldbe about $70 per megawatt-hour. If the countries in this region are to build therequired set up for generation of power it would cost around $490 billion andanother $345 billion for transmission and distribution.

This is where India can collaborate with Africa. Prime MinisterNarendraModi recently said that solar energy is vital for the energy securityof India. During his visit to the US, he also said that India is working towardsthe use of clean sources of energy. With the upcoming India-Africa summittowards the end of October this could be a potential aspect of collaborationwithin the two nations. Indian power generation companies can invest andstart operating in Sub Saharan region. There are already a lot of Indian

INDIA'S WORLD OF DIPLOMACY

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Companies in South Africa and the Sub Saharan region which are into Electricaland Electronic manufacturing with a $ 2.5 billion export. With Indiancompanies entering the African power generating sector, it can be mutuallybeneficial. TATA is already in negotiations for entering the power generationmarket of Africa. Vulnerable Energy Solutions Director Mayank Garg recentlysaid that the Indian power sector is facing a serious threat with the coaldepleting. So, by entering into that market a proposal for mutual consent canbe the import of coal on a low tariff trade barrier and in return Indian companiescan use their technology to set up power generation plants.

In conclusion, we argue that the Indo-Africa forum should seriously discuss thepotential investments by Indian power manufacturing companies. The technologypossessed by Indian power sector companies can be very helpful in successfullytapping the natural resources available in the Sub Saharan region to generate powerand lead to the growth of industries. The returns to these companies will be enormousin terms of revenues as demand for power will grow manifolds in the next 25 yearsas we’ve discussed earlier. By investing now, the companies will have an edge as therates at which power will be supplied will be lower because of the lower cost ofoperations right now. These costs will eventually increase making the supply moreexpensive. Thus tapping into the sub Saharan Africa’s power sector will be the bestmove towards a mutual beneficial relation and stronger ties.

BIBLIOGRAPHY-

1. http://www.ficci.com/international/54523/Project_docs/AfricaDesk.pdf

2. http://www.cuts-ccier.org/pdf/Indian_Foreign_Direct_Investment_in_Africa.pdf

3. http://www.eximbankindia.in/sites/default/files/Full%20OP/op158.pdf

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations

5. http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21637396-rolling-power-cuts-are-fraying-tempers-unplugged

6. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/pm-asks-states-to-work-proactively-on-solar-power-projects/1/487118.html

7. http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/indian-power-sector-gaining-ground-in-south-africa-113041100116_1.html

8. h t t p : / / a r t i c l e s . e c o n o m i c t i m e s . i n d i a t i m e s . c o m / 2 0 1 5 - 0 2 - 1 8 / n e w s /59269106_1_power-generation-indian-power-sector-free-power

9. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/indian-power-sector-gaining-ground-in-south-africa/article4606184.ece

10. http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150807/nation-current-affairs/article/reliance-shelves-andhra-pradesh-plant

11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa

(The authors are Young India Fellows 2015-16, at Ashoka University and areinterning with SPMRF under the ELM programme)

INDIA'S WORLD OF DIPLOMACY

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At times history has not been fair

enough while judging individual

personalities, social movements

and assessment of political situations.

Most often, the level of ‘intellectual

honesty’ has failed while analyzing the

contributions made by national leaders

during the freedom struggle and often

some have been ‘outcast’ in an attempt

to justify a certain definite set of

theoretical prepositions. The reference

to his belief that “‘history has not been

kind to Sardar Patel” by Prime Minister

Modi while addressing the gathering on

‘run for unity’ day in New Delhi on 31

October 2014 was a pointer to this habit.

In addition, this too has been a case with

Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya.

The decision of the Union

Government to confer ‘Bharat Ratna’ on

Malviya generated a renewed interest in

scholarship about his contribution in

freedom struggle and as a social

reformer. It has brought forth a serious

desire to understand his contribution and

its significance for the Indian national

movement.

While so called ‘left liberal

historians’ put no less effort to portray

Malviya as a Hindu nationalist led by

A.G. Noorani’s account in Frontline

Magazine in his cover story ‘Portrait

of a Propagandist’. (Vol: 3, Issue: 01,

23-01-2015) At this time the well

Book Review:PANDIT MADAN MOHAN MALVIYA AND THE

FORMATIVE YEARS OF INDIAN NATIONALISM

@ Abhishek Pratap Singh

BOOK REVIEW

written and timely produced volume on

Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya and

the Formative Years of Indian

Nationalism by Dr. Vishwanath Pandey

looks into the interesting fact of key

role played by Padit Malaviya in India’s

freedom movement and dwells on the

sound facts to build intellectual

arguments for a national leader. Adding

to the author’s credibility, the foreword

by noted historian Dr. Mushirul Hasan,

makes a suggestion for compulsory

reading of the book.

In its very fundamental argument the

author argues against the tendency of

dividing national leaders as ‘nationalist’

and ‘Hindu nationalists’. He refers to the

significant writings of T. N. Madan,

Ashis Nandy and Bipin Chandra to argue

that the very basis on which these

divisions have been made is false. He

interestingly points that this

oversimplification has not taken in

account the inherent diversity of

opinion and political orientations of

India’s nationalists. For example, while

Raja Ram Mohan Roy has all praised for

‘positives’ of colonial rule, Lokmanya

Tilak was candid in his observation of

Congress practicing ‘political

mendicancy’.

In his opening remarks in the chapter

Introduction and Life Sketch, author

refers to different historians of Malviya’s

The

Nationalist 50

key role in freedom struggle. He covers

the evolution of his personality as a

national leader from graduation days to

practicing law, journalism and becoming

member of provincial legislative council

in 1903.

The next chapters include his key

speeches delivered from Congress and

Hindu Mahasabha platforms, and also in

his capacity as a legislator. Pointing to

the fact of its greatest contribution for

social reform, the author refers to his

remarkable speech on ‘abolition of

indentured labour’ at the meeting of the

Imperial Council held on March 20,

1916. It may be argued that this makes

Pandit Malviya a forerunner of ‘labour

rights movements’ in India and the related

issue of child labour.

Pandit Malviya forcefully opposed

the Press Bill in April, 1910 and stood

out against Seditious Meeting Act. He

argued for holding civil service exams

in India and supported Gokhale’s motion

on education. The readings refers to his

key speeches on proper rural sanitation

and empowerment through education. In

this chapter the focus is on Malaviya’s

philosophy of education that was

directed towards the total development

of the persons mind and body.

Author points out in his book that

Pandit Malaviya did not oppose India’s

Muslims. In one of his key speeches in

the Hindu Mahasabha, he reminded of

religious harmony and said that “no

single community can run over the

rest.” At Punjab Hindu Sammelan in

1923, Malaviya said that only a

religiously oriented society would unite

the Indians as a nation and allow them to

make progress. However, affirming his

nationalist belief he stood hard against

communal electorates as it harmed

national unity by creating social

divisiveness.

His convocation address in 1929 of

BHU gives an excellent reading of his

mind on education and its objectives.

Author quotes from one of its speeches,

“India was a country where the

importance accorded to education was

not new, what was new was the need for

compulsory education”. The last chapter

includes his last message delivered on 1,

November 1946 to reflect his mind of

being misunderstood by some people.

In sum, the book is a sincere attempt

to summarize the personality and thought

of Pandit Malviya, relying on primary

sources in order to bring a rational and

academic account of things at large. It

clears the dust on some issues related to

his ideological orientation and brings a

fair account of what is written in the

foreword by Dr. Hasan, that “he held

Gandhiji in high esteem; the Mahatma,

too, thought of him as a patriot”.

Book Review: PANDIT MADAN

MOHAN MALVIYA AND THE

FORMATIVE YEARS OF INDIAN

NATIONALISM : Edited by Vishwanath

Pandey; LG Publishers Distributors,

49, Gali No. 14, Pratap Nagar, Mayur

Vihar Phase I, Delhi- 1 1 0 0 9 1 .

Rs. 1250.

(The reviewer is a Doctoral

Candidate, School of International

Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University,

New Delhi.)

BOOK REVIEW

The

Nationalist 51

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fn

BOOK REVIEW

The

Nationalist 52

ml le; MkWDVj ';kek çlkn eq[kthZ usbldk dM+k fojksèk fd;kA tEew&d'ehj dksysdj MkWDVj ';kek çlkn eq[kthZ cgqr Li"VFksA MkW- eq[kthZ dk ekuuk Fkk fd ;w,u esatkuk ,d xyrh gS] nqfu;k dh 'kfä;ka gedksdqN nsus okyh ugha gSa] nqfu;k ls gedks dksbZU;k; feyus okyk ugha gSA gedks bl pDdjesa iM+us dh t:jr ugha gSA nwljh ckr oksdgk djrs Fks fd vki vxj dqN fo'ks"k vfèkdkjnsus dh pkgrs gSa rks lafoèkku la'kksèku dfj,Avki nks yksx cSBdj fnYyh cSBd djds]le>kSrk djds ykxw djuk pkgrs gSa] ;g erdfj,A laln esa vkb,]fMcsV jf[k,] vki ppkZdhft,A ns'k ds ckdh yksx d'ehj esa tkdjcl ugha ldrs gekjk lafoèkku D;k bldhvkKk nsrk gSA ysfdu okLro esa usg: th osfMcsV ugha djuk pkgrs FksA iqLrd ds vè;;uls irk pyrk gS fd MkW- eq[kthZ us d'ehjleL;k ij lhèks vkanksyu ugha fd;k mUgksaus,d ftEesnkj foi{k dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gq,igys i= O;ogkj fd;k] ckj&ckj ckrphr dkç;kl fd;kA vky ikVhZ ehfVax] 'ks[k vCnqYykdks cqykus] çtk ifj"kn~ ds yksxksa dks cqykus dsvkB eghus rd muds ç;kl pyrs x,A ysfdudksbZ ifj.kke ugha fudyk rks vkf[kj esa MkW-eq[kthZ dks vkanksyu dk #[k vf[r;kj djukiM+kA vkSj ;g vkanksyu MkW- eq[kthZ ds thoudk vafre vkanksyu lkfcr gqvkA

iqLrd esa crk;k x;k gS fd ns'k dks1947 esa vktknh feyh Fkh] VªkalQj vkWQikiqys'ku Lohdkj ugha fd;k FkkA geus nksns'k cuk, FksA tul¡[;k dk caVokjk ughaLohdkj fd;k FkkA usg: th us 1947 esa ns'kdh vktknh ds çLrko dks Lohdkj djrs gq,vk'oklu fn;k Fkk fd ogka ds vYila[;dfgUnqvksa ds fgrksa dh ge fpark djsaxsA gesaviuh bl ftEesnkjh ls cpuk ugha pkfg;s]ftl vktknh dh yM+kbZ ge yM+ jgs Fks] mlesa

mudk ;ksxnku gels de ugha gSA vxj gemu fgUnqvksa dh vksj ls vka[k ewan ysaxs rks ;g-r?urk gksxh A okLro esa MkW- eq[kthZ dh cgqrLi"V uhfr;ka Fkha] vxj bu uhfr;ka ds vuqlkjns'k pyk gksrk rks ikfdLrku] ckaXykns'k dsvanj vYila[;dksa dk dksbZ cky Hkh ckadk ughadj ldrk FkkA mUgksaus è;ku fnyk;k fdtEew&d'ehj dk ç'u dsoy ikd vfèk-r d'ehjdk ç'u gSA MkW- ';kek çlkn eq[kthZ dkcfynku u gqvk gksrk rks 1954 ds vkMZj dsf[kykQ Hkh ns'k ds vanj ,d çcy vkanksyugqvk gksrkA muds ckn foi{k esa ml rjg dkusr`Ro ugha jgkA blfy, 54 ds vkMZj tSlhèkks[kkèkM+h gks xbZA 370 ds uke ij vkt tkslkjh O;oLFkk,a gedks fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa ;gokLro esa vuqPNsn 370 dk lafoèkkfud nq#i;ksxgS tks 14 ebZ 1954 ds vkMZj ls gqvkA

bu lcds vykok Hkh cgqr lkjs vuNq,rF; gS bl iqLrd esa tks gesa d'ehj leL;kds ewy esa ys tkrk gS] ges mu xyfr;ksa ls:c: djrk gS tks rRdkyhu ljdkj us dhFkhA ,d rjg ls ;g iqLrd d'ehj ij iw.kZ:Ik ls 'kksèk i= gS ftlds vè;;u ds fcuk ged'ehj dks u tku ldrs gSa vkSj uk gh mldhleL;kvksa dks le> ldrs gSaA

MkW ';kek izlkn eq[kthZ vkSj

d'ehj leL;k

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izdk'ku%& izHkkr izdk'ku 4@9

vklQ vyh jksM

ubZ fnYyh&2

izdk'ku o"kZ%& 2015

i`"B la[;k%& 316

ewY;%& 400

BOOK REVIEW

The

Nationalist 53

rZeku le; esa Hkkjr esa vlfg".kqrk dksysdj dkQh ppkZ gks jgh gSA vlfg".kqrk

ds ekeys esa lPpkbZ D;k gS] ;g ,d cgl dkfo"k; gSA bl lacaèk esa reke yksx vius&viusutfj;s ls ppkZ djus esa yxs gSa fdarq tgka rdHkkjrh; eqlyekuksa dh ckr gS rks os vPNh rjgtkurs ,oa le>rs gSa fd lPpkbZ D;k gS\ Hkkjrdk iwjk eqfLye lekt ;g dgrk gS fd eqlyekuksads fy, Hkkjr ls lqjf{kr LFkkuiwjh nqfu;k esa dgha Hkh ughagSA gks ldrk gS fd panfxus&pqus yksxksa dks Hkkjrlqjf{kr ugha yxrk gks fdarqcgqla[; eqfLye lekt Hkkjrdks vius fy, nqfu;k esa lclsvfèkd 'kqdwu okyk ns'k ekurkgS] fo'ks"kdj mu izns'kksa esae q fLye lekt ds fy,fLFkfr;ka vkSj vuqdwy gSa tgkaHkktik ,oa mldh lefFkZrljdkjsa gSa D;ksafd os ;g c[kwchtkurs&le>rs gSa fd HkktikmUgsa [kq'k djus ,oa viuhrjQ vkdf"kZr djus ds fy,dqN Hkh djsxhA oSls Hkh ns[kktk;s rks ;g loZfofnr gS fdfdlh Hkh ?kVuk dks vkèkkjcukdj Hkktik dks ges'kklkaiznkf;d ?kksf"kr djus dkiz;kl fujarj gksrk jgrk gStcfd cgqla[; eqfLye

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ds iz;kl ns[kus dks feyrsjgr s g S a A bl dkj. kdHkh&dHkh ns[kus dks feyrkgS fd cgqla[;d lekt dhmis{kk Hkh gks tkrh gSAcgqla[;d lekt ds fgrksadh dher ij Hkktik ,oamldh ljdkjsa vYila[;dlekt dks larq"V djus dhuhfr ij pyrh jgrh gSaAbUgha lc dkj.kkksa ls Hkkjrh;turk ikVhZ ,oa mlds }kjklapkfyr ljdkjksa dk nksgu,oa 'kks"k.k Hkh gksrk jgrkgSA vYila[;d lekt dks[kq'k djus ds fy, Hkktikusrk ,oa ljdkjsa 'kksf"kr Hkhgks jgh gSaA bu lc dk;ksZads ckotwn tc dHkh jk"Vªh;,oa varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij dksbZ?kVuk gksrh gS rks ns'k dsizxfr'khy ,oa dV~VjiaFkhyk sx bl H k ko dk

dV~VjiafFk;ksa dks yxrk gSfd lkaiznkf;drk ds uke ij

Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa dksmRrsftr ,oa vkØksf'kr fd;k

tk ldrk gSA mudkscgyk&Qqlykdj mudk

bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSAfujarj bl izdkj dk iz;klgksrs jgus ds dkj.k lekt esapan yksx xsgwa esa èkqu dh rjg

dke djrs jgrs gSaA gks ldrkgS fd dqN yksxksa dh nky&jksVhblh jkg ij pyrs gq, gh laHko

gS] fdarq ;g lc dc rdpysxk\ bl ij csgn xaHkhjrk

ls fopkj djus dhvko';drk gSA

o

The

Nationalist 54

izdVhdj.k dj gh nsrs gSa fd os Hkkjr esa fugk;rgh vlqjf{kr gSa tcfd os ;g vPNh rjgtkurs&le>rs gSa fd iwjh nqfu;k esa Hkkjr lslqjf{kr LFkku muds fy, dgha Hkh ugha gSA mlesaHkh lcls izeq[k ckr ;g gS fd tc Hkktik dk'kklu gksrk gS rks vYila[;d lekt ds fy,Lof.kZe dky tSlk gksrk gSA laHkor% ;gh dkj.kgS fd Hkkjr esa ikfdLrku ,oa vkbZ,l dk >aMkygjkus okyksa ds f[kykQ dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha dhtkrh gSA blls vfèkd lqj{kk dh xkjaVh vkSj D;kgks ldrh gS\

;g Hkh laHko gS fd dqN yksx lsdqyj rkdrksads lqj esa lqj feykus ds fy,] viuh usrkfxjhpedkus ds fy, ;k fQj vius vki dks gkbZykbZVdjus ds fy, dgrs gksa fd Hkkjr muds fy,fdruk vlqjf{kr gS vkSj ;gka vlfg".kqrk pjeij gS fdarq lPpkbZ ls os iwjh rjg okfdQ gSaAvkt ugha rks dy lPpkbZ iwjh nqfu;k ds le{k

vkdj jgsxhA vlqjf{kr gksus dk c;ku nsus dhtks gksM+&lh yxh gS] mldk Hkh iVk{ksi gksdj ghjgsxkA

vkus okys le; esa Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dksjk"Vªoknh eqlyekuksa ds lkFk feydj bl lacaèk esaxgu fparu djuk gksxk vkSj vYila[;d lektds chp tks Hkh rkdrsa vlarks"k iSnk djus esa yxhgSa] mUgsa csudkc djuk gksxk] vU;Fkk vjktdrkdk okrkoj.k fufeZr djus esa rFkkdfFkr lsdqyjrkdrsa dksbZ dksj&dlj ugha NksM+saxhA blds fy,Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ,oa eqfLye lekt nksuksa dkslrdZ jguk gksxkA nknjh dkaM ij vkte [kkula;qDr jk"Vª la?k dks i= fy[krs gSa rks vkfej[kku dks ns'k esa Mj yxrk gS tcfd eSa nkos dslkFk dg ldrk gwa fd ns'k dk vfèkdka'k eqfLyelekt ,sls yksxksa ds fopkjksa ls bRrQkd ughaj[krkA tEew&d'ehj esa ikfdLrku ds >aMs ygjk;stkrs gSa] vkbZ,l dh xfrfofèk;ka nLrd ns jgh gSa]

The

Nationalist 55

fgUnqLrkuh ;qodksa dks vkbZ,l esa [khapus dhdksf'k'ksa tkjh gSa fdarq lc dqN tkurs gq, HkhHkktik ,oa mldh ljdkjsa ,sls vjktd rRoksa dsf[kykQ dksbZ Hkh dkjZokbZ djus ls blfy, drjkrhgSa fd vlfg".kqrk ,oa lkaiznkf;drk ij cgl rstgks tk;sxhA

ns'k ds rFkkdfFkr èkeZfujis{k nyksa] usrkvksa,oa cqf)thfo;ksa dks vPNh rjg irk gS fd Hkkjrh;eqlyeku ,slk ugha pkgrk gS vkSj bl izdkj dhfLFkfr;ksa dks jksdus esa ges'kk iz;kljr Hkh jgrkgSA ns'k ds pan dV~VjiaFkh ,oa fo'o ds pjeiaFkhges'kk bl iz;kl esa yxs jgrs gSa fd Hkktik dkHk; fn[kkdj fdlh Hkh lwjr esa Hkkjr ds eqlyekuksadks mRrsftr fd;k tk;sA vc oDr vk x;k gSfd lkaiznkf;drk cuke èkeZfujis{krk ij xaHkhjrkls fopkj fd;k tk;sA

gekjs ns'k ds dV~VjiafFk;ksa dks yxrk gS fdlkaiznkf;drk ds uke ij Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa dksmRrsftr ,oa vkØksf'kr fd;k tk ldrk gSAmudks cgyk&Qqlykdj mudk bLrseky fd;ktk ldrk gSA fujarj bl izdkj dk iz;kl gksrsjgus ds dkj.k lekt esa pan yksx xsgwa esa èkqu

dh rjg dke djrs jgrs gSaA gks ldrk gS fddqN yksxksa dh nky&jksVh blh jkg ij pyrsgq, gh laHko gS] fdarq ;g lc dc rd pysxk\bl ij csgn xaHkhjrk ls fopkj djus dhvko';drk gSA

tks Hkh yksx lkaiznkf;drk dk Hk; fn[kkdjmldk cstk Qk;nk mBkus dh fQjkd esa gSa]lPpkbZ lkeus vkus ij mUgsa csudkc gksuk iM+sxkAvesfjdk esa gokbZ vM~Mksa ij nqfu;k Hkj ds rekegfLr;ksa ds diM+sa mrjokdj ryk'kh yh tkrh gSrks ogka vlfg".kqrk utj ugha vkrh gSA dksbZ Hkh?kVuk gksus ij vYila[;d lekt ds lkFk vesfjdk,oa ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa tks O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gSmlds f[kykQ dksbZ izfrfØ;k ugha gksrhA isfjlesa vkradh geys ds ckn vesfjdh jk"Vªifr cjkdvksckek us dgk fd eqfLye lekt ds èkkfeZd usrkvkradokn ,oa vkradh ?kVukvksa ds f[kykQizfrfØ;k nsus ,oa mldh fuank djus esa dksrkghcjrrs gSa fdarq vksckek ds c;ku ij izfrfØ;k,augha vk jgh gSaA dkaxzsl usrk MkW- 'kdhy vgendk c;ku vkrk gS fd vaMj oYMZ MkWu NksVkjktu ,oa mYQk izeq[k vuwi psfr;k ;fn eqlyeku

The

Nationalist 56

gksrs rks muds lkFk u tkus dSlk O;ogkj fd;ktkrk\ MkW- 'kdhy vgen dks ;g xaHkhjrk lsfopkj djuk pkfg, fd D;k vesfjdk ,oa ;wjksih;ns'kksa esa dksbZ vkbZ,l ds >aMs ygjkdj [kqysvkeèkwe ldrk gSA vkf[kj vc fdruh vktknh pkfg,\isfjl dh ?kVuk ij vkte [kku dgrs gSa fd ;fn;g ,sD'ku dk fj,D'ku gS rks bl ckr ij fopkjdjuk pkfg,A

ns'k ds tks rFkkdfFkr èkeZfujis{k ny gSa]D;k os ;g crkus dh dksf'k'k djsaxs fd Hkktikds 'kklu ds igys Hkkjr esa naxs ugha gksrs FksA;fn gksrs Fks rks naxkb;ksa ds f[kykQ dkjZokbZugha gksrh FkhA ;fn dgha dksbZ naxk gksrk gS rksD;k mlesa ,d gh fo'ks"k leqnk; ds yksxksa dhtku tkrh gSA d'ehj esa ck<+ vkbZ rks izèkkuea=hujsanz eksnh us ftl rhozrk ,oa rue;rk ls dkefd;k] mlls mudh iwjh nqfu;k esa rkjhQ gqbZAjkT; ljdkj tks dqN Hkh pkgrh Fkh] mls dsUnzljdkj us iwjk djus dk iz;kl fd;kAtEew&d'ehj esa ftl ny dks rFkkdfFkrlsdqyjoknh vyxkookfn;ksa dk leFkZd ekursgaS] jkT; ds fodkl ds fy, Hkktik us ml nyds lkFk feydj ljdkj cukbZA vkf[kj bllsvfèkd Hkktik vkSj dkSu&lh vfXu ijh{kk nsldrh gS\

;fn ;g eku fy;k tk;s fd Hkktik okLrfod:i ls lgh dks lgh vkSj xyr dks xyr cksyusdh fLFkfr esa ugha gS rks vkSj ny ,oa ns'k dscqf)thoh D;k dj jgs gSa\ laxhrdkj ,-vkj-jgeku ds f[kykQ Qrok tkjh fd;k x;k rks rcD;ksa ugha dgk x;k fd yksdra= esa lcdks viuhckr dgus dk gd gSA Qrok tkjh djus okyksadks ,-vkj- jgeku ls ckr djuh pkfg,A vkf[kjml le; lR; opu cksyus okys dgka pys x;sFks\

Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ,oa lekt esa bl izdkj dstks nksgjs ekinaM viuk;s tk jgs gSa] ;g ns'k ds

fy, Bhd ugha gSA fuf'pr :i ls dgk tkldrk gS fd ;fn bl izdkj ds joS;s ij rRdkyjksd ugha yxh rks vjktdrk dk okrkoj.k fufeZrgksus ls dksbZ jksd ugha ldrkA Hkkjrh; turkikVhZ dh ckr dh tk;s rks ;fn og bl fo"k; ijcksysxh rks mls lkaiznkf;d ?kksf"kr dj fn;ktk;sxkA eaqcbZ esa rkt gksVy ij geys ds le;ftu yksxksa dks dksbZ Hk; ugha eglwl gqvk Fkk]vpkud muds eu esa [kkSQ dSls iSnk gks x;k\vc os vpkud vius vki dks D;ksa bruk vlqjf{kreglwl djus yxs\ D;k Hkktik vkradh laxBuksals vfèkd [krjukd gS\ lkaiznkf;drk ds vfHk'kkils eqDr gksus ds fy, Hkktik ,oa mldh ljdkjsalPpkbZ ls dc rd eqag eksM+rh jgsaxh\ ns'k dseqfLye lekt dks pkfg, fd os pan LokFkhZ rRoksads ealwcksa dks ukdke djus ds fy, mudh vlyhvkSdkr crk;saA isfjl geys ds ckn ftl izdkjns'k ds reke eqfLye laxBuksa] cqf)thfo;ksa] èkkfeZdxq#vksa us vkradokn ,oa vkradh laxBuksa dh fuankdh ,oa muds f[kykQ izn'kZu fd;kA bllsdV~VjiaFkh rRoksa dks ;g le> ysuk pkfg, fd osvius ealwcksa esa fdlh Hkh dher ij dke;kc ughagks ldrsA

dV~VjiaFkh rRo pkgs ftruk Hkh iz;kl djysa] fdarq bruk fuf'pr :i ls dgk tk ldrk gSfd Hkkjr dk eqlyeku fo'o ds dV~VjiaFkheqlyekuksa ds gkFkksa dh dBiqryh ugha cusxkAblds fy, ns'k ds izR;sd ukxfjd dh ftEesnkjhcurh gS fd jk"Vª dh ,drk ,oa v[kaMrk ds fy,dke djs D;ksafd vjktdrk dk ekgkSy mRiUugksus ij lcls vfèkd d"V vke vkneh dks ghmBkuk iM+rk gSA ;g Hkh vius vki esa loZfofnrgS fd ns'k lqjf{kr jgsxk rks ge lHkh lqjf{krjgsaxs rks vkb;s ge lHkh feydj jk"Vª dks vkSjvfèkd lqjf{kr vkSj etcwr cukus ds fy, dkedjsaA

¼ys[kd jke&tUeHkwfe U;kl ds iwoZVªLVh gSa½

The

Nationalist 57

jr esa vktknh ds ckn ;g igyk ekSdk

gS tc fdlh ljdkj us fdlkuksa ds fgrksadks ysdj bruk cM+k vkSj egRoiw.kZ QSlyk fy;kgSA igyh ckj fdlkuksa dh fdlh chek ;kstukdks [ksr esa Qlyksa dh cqokbZ ls ysdj [kfygkurd foLr`r fd;kx;k gSA blh eghustkj h dh xb Zçèkkuea=h Qlychek ;kstuk dsnk;js dks brukO;kid j[kk x;kgS fd fdlkuksa dksçk—frd vkink lsQly u"V gksus ijHkh uqdlku mBkukugh a iM + sx kAçèkkue a=h uj s aæeksnh ds usr`Ro esafy;k x;k ljdkjdk ;g QSlyk lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd –f"Vls bruk egRoiw.kZ gS fd ekSle dh ekj lsvkRegR;k rd ds fy, foo'k gksus okys fdlkuksads fy, ;g ;kstuk lqj{kk dop dk dke djsxhA;g blfy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ gS] D;ksafd blds ekè;els iqjkuh ;kstukvksa dh tfVyrk ds tky lsfudkydj fdlkuksa dks U;wure dher ijvfèkdre chek dh jkgr nsus dh igy dh xbZgSA chek ds nkoksa ds 'kh?kz Hkqxrku dh çfØ;k dksvR;fèkd rduhd ds }kjk cgqr gh ljy djfn;k x;k gSA 1çèkkuea=h us fdlku Hkkb;ksa vkSjmuds ifjokjksa dks yksgM+h] iksaxy vkSj chgw tSlsioZ ds volj ij Qly chek ;kstuk dk rksgQkfn;k gS] tks fdlkuksa dh ftanxh cny nsxkA bl

;kstuk dh [kkl ckr ;g gS fd blesa Qlychek dks ekStwnk 23 Qhln ls c<+kdj 50 Qhlnfdlkuksa rd igqapkus dk y{; r; fd;k x;k gSAgkykafd dsaæ dh Hkktik ljdkj dks blds fy,gtkjksa djksM+ #i;s [kpZ djus gksaxs] ysfdu Hkkjrh;

turk ikVhZ vkSj mldh ljdkj fdlkuksa ds fgrksads fy, opuc) gS vkSj blds fy, èku dh dehugha gksus nh tk,xhA oSls jkT; ljdkjksa dksvius&vius jkT;ksa esa fdlkuksa dh enn ds fy,bruh gh jkf'k dk ;ksxnku djuk gksxkA eksnhljdkj dh bl ubZ ;kstuk dk Qk;nk ns'k dsdjksM+ksa fdlkuksa dks gksxkA bl fygkt ls bls,d ,sfrgkfld QSlyk ekuk tk ldrk gSA blns'k ds fdlkuksa ds lexz fodkl ds ckjs esa u rksvc rd dqN fd;k x;k vkSj u gh bl ckjs esaO;kidrk ls dqN fopkj fd;k x;kA ;g igykekSdk gS tc eksnh ljdkj fdlkuksa dh le`f) dksysdj dke dj jgh gSA fdlkuksa dk Hkfo"; vkSjmudh le`)rk lhèks mudh Qly dh lqj{kk ls

fdlkuksa dks lqj{kk dop % vfer 'kkg

PARTY PRESIDENT

Hkk

wwwww çèkkuea=h Qly chek ;kstuk dks vktknh ds ckn fdlkuksa ds fgr ds fy,lcls egRoiw.kZ igy eku jgs gSa Hkktik vè;{k vfer 'kkgA

The

Nationalist 58

tqM+h gSA blfy, fdlku dh Qly lqjf{krjgsxh rks fdlku le`) cusxkA ;gh otg gS fdfdlkuksa dks de chek çhfe;e ij vfèkd ykHknsus okyh ;kstuk ljdkj dh rjQ ls ykbZ xbZgSA 1iwoZ dh ;kstuk esa flQZ cSad ls _.k ysusokys fdlkuksa dks chek dk ykHk feyrk Fkk] ijarqubZ ;kstuk esa Qly chek dks cSad ds _.k lsiw.kZr;k Mh fyad dj fn;k x;k gS] ftlls vcbl ;kstuk dk ykHk cSad ls _.k u ysus okysfdlkuksa dks Hkh feysxk vkSj vc NksVs] eè;e vkSjcM+s gj oxZ ds fdlku ds fy, Qly chek;kstuk miyCèk gksxhA bl lajpukRed ifjorZudh otg ls vc çèkkuea=h Qly chek ;kstukokLro esa lcds fy, gks xbZ gSA 1igys tgkafdlkuksa dks viuh Qly ds chek ds fy, chekjkf'k dk 15 çfr'kr rd çhfe;e pqdkuk gksrkFkk] ysfdu bl ;kstuk ds rgr bls csgn dedj fn;k x;k gSA jch Qlyksa ds fy, çhfe;edh jkf'k Ms<+ Qhln vkSj [kjhQ Qlyksa ds fy,nks Qhln nsuh gksxhA blds vykok bl ;kstukesa ls ljdkj us dSfiax dk çkoèkku Hkh iwjh rjggVk fy;k gSA iwoZ esa dSfiax dh otg dbZ ckjfdlkuksa dks 50 çfr'kr rd dk çhfe;e nsuk iM+tkrk FkkA vc bl cnyko dk iwjk ykHk fdlkuksadks feysxkA de çhfe;e esa T;knk tksf[ke dojgksxk vkSj fdlkuksa dks T;knk lgk;rk feysxhA1fiNyh ljdkjksa dh Qly chek ;kstuk dseqdkcys ubZ çèkkuea=h Qly chek ;kstuk dbZekeyksa esa csgrj gSA lcls igys rks bls fu;eksadh tfVyrk ls ckgj fudkyk x;k gSA vc u rksbls le>us esa fdlkuksa dks T;knk extekjhdjuh gksxh vkSj u gh Dyse ysrs oä fu;eksa dhtfVyrk ls tw>us dh vko';drk gksxhA iwoZ dhQly chek ;kstuk ds eqdkcys ubZ ;kstuk esalcls cM+k ykHk de çhfe;e esa vfèkd Dysejkf'k fdlkuksa ds gkFk vk,xhA laçx ljdkj dsoä ykxw gqbZ chek ;kstuk esa 2300 #i;s dsçhfe;e ds Hkqxrku ij lkS Qhln Qly [kjkcgksus dk nkok djus ij 19000 #i;s dk Dyse

feyrk Fkk] ysfdu bl ubZ ;kstuk esa fdlkuksa dks30000 #i;s rd dk Dyse feysxkA vkSj bldsfy, dsoy 1500 #i;s dk gh çhfe;e fdlkuksadks nsuk gksxkA tSlk fd eSaus Åij dgk gS fd;g ;kstuk blfy, egRoiw.kZ gS] D;ksafd bldsnk;js esa [ksr ls ysdj [kfygku rd dks lesVkx;k gSA Qly dh cqokbZ ds ckn esa gksus okysuqdlku dks Hkh blesa 'kkfey dj fy;k x;k gSAljdkj us bl ckr dk Hkh bartke fd;k gS fdchek ds Dyse ds fy, fdlkuksa dks yacs le; rdbartkj u djuk iM+sA çk—frd vkink ds rqjarckn 25 çfr'kr Dyse lacafèkr fdlkuksa ds cSad[kkrs esa lhèks igqap tk,xkA çk—frd vkinkvksa lsgksus okys uqdlku ds lkFk bl ;kstuk ds nk;jsdks vkSj O;kid cukrs gq, blesa LFkkuh; vkinkvksadks Hkh tksM+ fy;k x;k gSA vksyko`f"V] csekSledh ckfj'k] vkaèkh rwQku vkSj ty Hkjko ls LFkkuh;Lrj ij gksus okys uqdlku ij Hkh chek dkHkqxrku gksxkA bl ;kstuk dk lcls T;knk ykHkiwohZ mÙkj çns'k] cqansy[kaM] fonHkZ] ejkBokM+k]rVh; vkaèkz çns'k vkSj rVh; vksMf?'kk ds fdlkuksadks feysxkA bl rjg os fdlku iwjh rjg lqjf{krgks tk,axs ftudh [ksrh fdlkuh T;knk tksf[keesa jgrh gSA esjk fo'okl gS fd ljdkj fdlkuksavkSj turk ds fgrksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj vkxs Hkhbl rjg ds dne mBkrh jgsxhA ,d egRokdka{khQly chek ;kstuk 'kq: djus ds fy, eSa O;fäxr:i ls çèkkuea=h dks èkU;okn nsrk gwaA igys vketurk ds fy, lkekftd lqj{kk dh Ldhesa vkSjvc fdlkuksa ds fy, Qly chek ;kstuk ns'k dhlaiw.kZ turk dks lqjf{kr vkSj lEekfur thouO;rhr djus dk volj çnku djsaxhA çèkkuea=heksnh ds usr`Ro esa py jgh dsaæ dh Hkktikljdkj dk eq[; è;s; turk ds fgrksa dh j{kkdjuk gS] ftlds fy, ikVhZ vkSj ljdkj] nksuksaopuc) gSaA

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PARTY PRESIDENT