spoken & prounuciation lesson 02

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Spoken & Pronunciation Course

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Part 01 Pronunciation skills

Lesson 1.1

C/k== L*

cafeteria customer cake calculate call Canada cancer cancel captain candle carry cantonment cut capacity capital culture capture criminal care campaign careless carry corruption copy come cold college collect count correct communicate consider careful compete computer conceal contract concept conduct

Audio-

=d

=V

=L

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T==V Table tennis tackle talent take talk target tape task taste tax taxi teacher teach technical

telephone television temple ten tension term terrible tasty test tolerate

tomorrow top topic touch town trade traffic train transfer translate

transport trap travel tribal try tube trust turn tutor type

P==d* process pack pad page pay

pain paint painter pair pant pants paper parcel parent park

parliament parody part prepare partial participate particle partner party pass passenger practice passport project patriot

peak political popular people percentage perfect perform performance possible polish person picture point police pick

Lesson 1.2 If there is ‘ay’ at the end of any words it will sound like//GB

No. Words/phrases Sentences 01. Say I would like to say something about this matter. 02. Today Today is rainy day. 03. Ray of hope (Avkvi Av‡jv) He is the only ray of hope of his parents. 04. Stay Stay in touch. 05. Way It’s a long way. 06. Pray Please pray for me to your heart’s content. 07. Anyway Anyway, let’s drop the matter (hvB †nvK, ev` `vI †Zv) 08. Delay You shouldn’t delay to take the decision 09. Betray (wek¦vmNvZKZv Kiv) Never betray with anybody.

(KL‡bv Kv‡iv mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡iv bv) 10. May May God fulfill all of your good wishes.

(cÖfy †Zvgvi mKj mw`”Qv c~iY Ki“K)

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Lesson 1.3

If there is ation at the end of any word, you will sound like

Word Transcription Word Transcription

Presentation Abbreviation

Preparation Application

Animation Anticipation

Civilization Assimilation

Aspiration Admiration

Reading for pronunciation Language Study Studying a new language can be a challenge. Some language learners worry very much if listeners have trouble understanding their accent or when people mutter experience they don’t understand. But with a plan of action and regular practice, most people can reach a good standard of communication in a second language. Pronunciation practice is an important matter when studying a new language, as incorrect pronunciation can cause misunderstandings. The plan of most adult language learners however, isn’t to match the pronunciation of native speakers but to have comfortable communication in everyday business social situations. When studying a new language, it’s important to remember that making mistakes is a natural part of learning. Being an active, rather than a passive learner means using every opportunity to practise your language skills, so be prepared to ask for help and correction. Most people are happy to help learners with the pronunciation or meaning of an unfamiliar word. Studying a new language can be a challenge but it can also be a wonderful way of meeting new friends and learning about other cultures.

If you have any comments or suggestions

about the class please phone me.

Md. Jamal Uddin Jamy

01915 960916

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Part 02 Spoken skills

Lesson 2.1 (fluency process)

Fluency in 3 tenses (continuous) with 4 styles

Note: Teacher cÖ_‡g Driling Gi gva¨‡g students ‡`i gy‡Li RoZv `~i Ki‡eb| Zvici different verbs w`‡q sentence practice Kiv‡eb| I am going. I am not going Are you going? Aren’t you going?

Avwg hvw”Q Avwg hvw”Q bv Zzwg wK hv”Q? Zzwg wK hv”Q bv?

He is going. He is not going Is he going? Isn’t he going?

‡m hv‡”Q ‡m hv‡”Q bv ‡m wK hv‡”Q? ‡m wK hv‡”Q bv?

I was going I wasn’t going Were you going? Weren’t you going?

Avwg hvw”Qjvg Avwg hvw”Qjvg bv Zzwg wK hvw”Q‡j? Zywg wK hvw”Q‡jbv?

He was going He wasn’t going Was he going? Wasn’t he going?

‡m hvw”Qj ‡m hvw”Qj bv ‡m wK hvw”Qj? ‡m wK hvw”Qj bv?

I will be going I won’t be going Will you be going? Won’t be you going?

Avwg ‡h‡Z _vKe Avwg ‡h‡Z _vKe bv Zzwg wK ‡h‡Z _v †e? Zzwg wK ‡h‡Z _vK‡ebv?

He will be going He won’t be going Will he be going? Won’t he be going?

‡m ‡h‡Z _vK‡e ‡m ‡h‡Z _vK‡e bv ‡m wK ‡h‡Z _vK‡e ? ‡m wK ‡h‡Z _vK‡e bv?

Smart Expressions:

Going to Gonna I am gonna buy some books. Going to be Gonna be He’s gonna be a teacher. Want to Wanna I wanna go now. Want to be Wanna be I wanna be a businessman. Have got a Gotta Gotta pen?

(=Have you got a pen?)

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Part 03 Practical Session

Lesson 3.1

Talking about Family

Introducing your family

This is my mother/mom.

This is my father/dad.

(These are my parents)

This is my wife.

There are five people in my family. (My mother, my father, my older brother, my older sister, me and my younger brother).

I have two brothers.

One is older.

One is younger.

I have one sister.

I'm number three.

Talking about Favorite Things

1. What is your favorite color? 2. What's your favorite kind of music? 3. Favorite sport? 5. What kind of food do you like best? 6. How about movies? 7. Who is your favorite movie star? 8. What city do you like most?

Purple. I like pop music. Cricket. I like Hazir Briani a lot Action. Jackie Chan. Chitagong

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Talking about here and now

1. What is Ms. Khan doing? 2. What is he doing? 3. What are you doing? 4. Who is singing that song? 5. Who is washing the dishes? 6. Where are you going now?

She is writing a letter. He's playing hockey. I'm reading a book. Topu (is). The children are. I'm going to the library.

Oh. That's nice. That's interesting. Is it interesting? Oh. It sounds good. That's great. Okay. Have fun.

Personality and Appearance Description

Tell me about your father. What kind of

person is he?

Well, he's very friendly, smart and

funny.

What does he look like? He's young, short and handsome. He

has straight black hair and green eyes.

What does your mother look like? She's tall, thin and beautiful.

How about your little sister? She has blonde hair and wears glasses.

She has curly red hair and a cute smile.

Everybody likes her.

1C. Exercises 1. Jerry (come/comes) to school on time. 2. Jerry and Linda (come/comes) to school on time. 3. Ms. Jones (teach/teaches) geography. 4. The cat (sleep/sleeps) on the sofa every day. 5. Milk (cost/costs) two dollars a quart.

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Note how the present tense is used in the following paragraph:

Mr. Ripon is a bus driver. Every day he gets up at 7:00 a.m. and prepares for his day. He showers, eats his breakfast, and puts on his uniform. His wife drives him to the station where he checks in with his supervisor. Then, he gets on Bus #405 and starts the engine. He pulls out of the parking lot and begins his route. At his first stop, he picks up Mrs. Choudhuri, who lives in a red house on the corner of Indira Road and Manik Mia Avenue. She works at the post office and has to be to work by 9:00. At the next stop, the Sara twins get on the bus. They attend class at Focus Coaching for DU admission. More children get on at the next three stops, and they ride until the bus reaches their school. Mr. Ripon enjoys seeing the kids every day and is happy to see them again in the afternoon when he drives them safely back home.

More questions for pair practice

1.What is your name? …………………………………………………………………………………… 2.Where do you come from? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.Where is your home district? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.Are you a student or a service holder? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.Describe your favorite person? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.Mention a favorite festival of yours? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 7.Tell me something about your family members? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 8.How much time do you spend with your family members? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 9.Why do you want to go abroad? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Tell me about someone you do not like?

Teacher- pair practice – Gi gva¨‡g conversation Kiv‡eb,

hv‡Z student iv English- G

Communicate Ki‡Z cv‡i|

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………………………………………………………………………………………… 11. Why don’t you like him/her? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. What is your mother’s profession? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 13. Tell me something about your educational background. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 14. How often do you go to your home district? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 15. Tell me about your future plan. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 16. In which sector do you want to be skilled in? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 17. What is your leisure interest? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 18. Is it common in your country? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 19. Which country do you want to go to and why? …………………………………………………………………………………………

Lesson 3.1

Introducing people Task -01 Lisa: Hi Jenifer, This is my friend David.

Jenifer: Hi David, I am Jenifer.

David: I am David. Nice to meet you.

Note: Teacher cov‡bvi ci K‡qKRb students †K mvg‡b G‡b practice Kiv‡eb|

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Task -02 Shahed: Excuse me; can you tell me the time please? Jamy: Yes, of course. It’s six o’clock. Shahed: Thanks.

Sara: Excuse me; can you tell me the time please. Suchi: I’m sorry. I don’t know. I don’t have watch.

Task -03 Jewel is very studious boy. He learns his lessons on time. Beside studies, he loves

all kinds of sports and he is very good at playing cricket. Jewel is very friendly. He has many friends and he helps them a lot. Jewel is also very kind and polite in nature. He loves animals. He has a pet cat and a parrot at home; jewel is a well mannered boy. He respects his elders and takes care of his younger sister. He never tells lies. So, everyone loves him very much.

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Introducing Others FFF sent an e-mail to introduce Pori to Munna in text box 1.1.

Basic Information (Face book Wall)

Sex: Female Birthday: May 7, 1993 Hometown: Mirpur, Dhaka Relationship Status: Single Interested In: Men & Women Looking For: Friendship

Activity 1: Look at the email posted by FFF where he has introduced Pori as his fb friend in textbox 1.1.

Read it carefully with your partner. Now answer the following questions to your buddy:

Who is Pori Ayesha? ................................................................................................

What does she do? ................................................................................................

What’s her interest? ................................................................................................

What are her favorite Actors? ...................................................................................

What’s made her confident? .....................................................................................

Dear Munna, the pretty young lady in the picture is a

facebook member. Her name is Pori Ayesha. She hails from

Mirpur and is very friendly in nature.

She is a student of Dhaka Commerce College. She is

involved with internet in outsourcing. She has countless

interests from music to movies. She watches Drama serial

on T.V. When it comes to movies she is mad about King

Shah Rukh Khan. She likes James Bond Series for its

action. Pori loves to read adventure stories and she herself

is adventurous too. She knows her strengths and

weaknesses more than anyone else does. And that’s make

her so confident about herself. She is what she is. Take it or

leave it! She is available at [email protected]

Its’ me, FFF

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Activity 2: Pair works Becoming a Face book member: Introducing Others

Fill in the Form below to register yourself for a membership in Facebook. Then swap your

worksheet with your partner. After you have swapped your workbooks with your partners, take a

quick look at the information provided by your partner in the registration form. Now, introduce

your partner to others as you go through his or her profile that he/she has filled in. Everybody

should try to differ in manner and style to introduce his/her partner. You should try to cover as

much information about him/her as possible in a brief manner. Once you are finished exchange

your workbooks with your partner once again.

Basic Information

Name:

Sex:

Birthday:

Hometown:

Parents’ Occupation:

Last Educational institute Attended.

(Name & Dist)

Personal Information:

Activities:

Interests:

Favorite Music:

Favorite TV Shows:

Favorite Movies:

Favorite Books:

About Me:

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Activity 4: Group work Know thou self: Spoken drill Form small groups of 5-7 people each. In each group 3 people would act as the panel of Interviewers and others would act as the interviewees. The Interviewers would ask question to each Interviewee one after another. Each interviewer can ask 3/ 4 questions to a single interviewee. The Interviewee must reply to the questions with credible information. Each Interview should be completed within 4-5 minutes. Below are some clues for forming questions which would be asked to the interviewees. The interviewees must give replies relevant to the question asked.

1. Place of birth 7. Top or bottom class

2. Occupation of parents 8. How hard you worked

3. Place where you grew up 9. The games you played

4. Brothers / sisters 10. Your money situation

5. Family likeness and differences 11. How you spent your money

6. When you started school 12. Where you spent your holidays

WORK SHEET

PEOPLE QUESTION (Column B) REPLY(Column C)

A Classmate

A teacher

A possible employer

Someone you met in the bus

A neighbor

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Activity6: Pair work Look at the Dialogue first. Carefully notice the use of verb ‘to be’:

Dialogue 1: This is the story about Linda and Brian. Read how they get to know each other in 10

edutaining lessons.

Brian: Hello, what are you doing here? Linda: Hello, I am Linda! This is my younger sister, and we are waiting here for our friend Carla. She is in the department store over there, and we are already tired. Who are you?

Brian: Oh, I am Brian. Yes, I am also waiting for a friend. He is in the department store, too. Are you here often? Linda: We are here every day. Hahaha.

Brian: Yes, the department store is very big! Hahaha. Linda: Look! There she is.

Brian: My friend is there too! Hey, what are you doing tonight? Linda: We are going to the cinema! And you?

Brian: First, we are drinking something and then … we do not know yet. My friend is here since this morning. He is just on vacation here. Linda: Are you also new here?

Brian: Yes, I am actually from Germany, and my friend is from Sweden. My father, however, is British. Linda: Oh, that is interesting. Unfortunately, I have to go. You are very nice.

Brian: Thanks! You are too! Maybe I will see you around!

Grammar 1: Personal Pronouns, Forms of “to be” – Present Tense:

Singular: Plural:

1. I am 1. We are

2. You are 2. You are

3. He is, she is, it is 3. They are

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Fill in the correct form of “to be”. Brian: Hello, what ______ you doing here? Linda: Hello, I ____ Linda! This is my younger sister

and we ______ waiting here for our friend Carla. She ____ in the department store over there and

we ______ already tired. Who ______ you? Brian: Oh I ____ Brian. Yes, I ____ waiting for a

friend. He ____ in the department store, too. ______ you here often? Linda: We ______ here

every day. Hahaha. Brian: Yes, the department store ____ very big! Hahaha. Linda: Look! There

she ____ . Brian: My friend ____ there too! And what ______ you doing tonight? Linda: We

_____ going to the cinema! And you? Brian: First, we ______ drinking something and then … we

do not know yet. My friend ____ here since this morning. He ____ just on vacation here. Linda:

______ you also new here? Brian: Yes, I ____ actually from Germany and my friend ____ from

Sweden. My father, however, ____ British. Linda: Oh, that _____ interesting. Unfortunately, I

have to go. You ______ very nice. Brian: Thanks! You ______ too! Maybe I will see you around!

Fill in the correct personal pronoun Brian: Hello, what are ______ doing here? Linda: Hello, __ am Linda! This is my younger sister

and ____ are waiting here for our friend Carla. ______ is in the department store over there, and

____ are already tired. Who are ______ ? Brian: Oh, __ am Brian. Yes, __ am also waiting for a

friend. ____ is in the department store, too. Are ______ here often? Linda: ____ are here every

day. Hahaha. Brian: Yes, the department store is very big! Hahaha. Linda: Look! There ______ is.

Brian: My friend is there too! And what are ______ doing tonight? Linda: _____ are going to the

cinema! And where are you? Brian: First, ____ are drinking something and then … ____ do not

know yet. My friend is here since this morning. ____ is just on vacation here. Linda: Are ______

also new here? Brian: Yes, ____ am actually from Germany and my friend is from Sweden. My

father, however, is British. Linda: Oh, that is interesting. Unfortunately, __ have to go. ______ are

very nice. Brian: Thanks! ______ are too! Maybe __ will see you around!

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Part 04 Additional Study Materials (Not for class)

Lesson 4.1

1.1 Vocabulary chorus from flash card : (oral test) No. Words/Expressions Pronunciation Meaning Translate into English (oral) 01. Audacious adj. (I-'†WBkvm&) ytmvnmx †m LyeB ytmvnmx| 02. Audacious adventure ytmvnmx Awfhvb wK ytmvnmx Awfhvb! 03. Baffle v. ('e¨vd&j) nZeyw× Kiv †m Avgv‡K cÖkœev‡b nZeyw× K‡iwQj| 04. Ban v. (e¨vb&) wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc Kiv cwjw_‡bi eënvi wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q| 05. Barrier n. ('e¨vwiAvi) DbœwZi Aš—ivq; evauv ybx©wZ †`‡ki Dbœq‡b eo GK evauv| 06. Calamity n. (Kv'j¨vgvwU ) y‡h©vM Avgv‡ì‡K y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| 07. Natural calamity cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vM cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vM evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU eo mgm¨v| 08. Calculate v. ('K¨vj&wKD‡jBU& ) wnmve Kiv Li‡Pi wnmve ª“Z †ei Ki| 09. Calculated plan mywPwš—Z cwiKíbv †Zvgvi mywPwš—Z cwiKíbv †bqv DwPZ| 10. Bow down bwZ ¯xKvi Kiv †m Avgvi Kv‡Q bwZ ¯xKvi K‡i‡Q|

Lesson 4.2

1.2 Everyday words from vocabulary book: No. Words/Expressions Meaning Make sentenses by your own 01. Precocious BP‡o cvKv 02. Roly-poly/ fleshy bv ym-by ym 03. Heave a sigh of relief ¯w —i wbtk¦vm †djv 04. Yawn nvB †Zvjv 05. Gobble up Mc& K‡i wN‡j †djv 06. Turn up evwo‡q †Ìqv 07. Turn down Kwg‡q †Ìqv 08. Turn off eÜ Kiv 09. Prattle eKeK Kiv 10. Swindle VKv‡bv

Lesson 4.3

01. First of all (cÖ_‡gB) 06. Side by side (cvkvcvwk) 02. Secondly (wØZxqZ) 07. Besides/ more over (AwaKš‘, ZvQvovI) 03. Thirdly (Z…ZxqZ) 08. Later on (cieZx©‡Z) 04. After words (Zvici) 09. Thus (Gfv‡e) 05. After that (Zvici) 10. Finally/ in fine/ in conclusion (me‡k‡l)

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Lesson 4.4 Useful Expressions Learn the following expressions and make sentences by your own.

No. Expressions Meaning Make sentences by your own 01. As far as it goes (G e¨vcv‡i hZ`~i ejv hvq) 02. As I was saying (hv ejwQjvg) As I was thinking (hv fvewQjvg) As you were saying (hv ejwQ‡j) 03. In my opinion (Avgvi g‡Z) In your opinion (†Zvgvi g‡Z) In our opinion (Avgv‡`i g‡Z) In his opinion (Zvi g‡Z) 04. At three O’clock sharp (KvUvq KvUvq wZbUvq) At seven O’clock sharp (KvUvq KvUvq mvZUvq) At five O’clock sharp (KvUvq KvUvq cuvPUvq) 05. As you know (Avcbviv Rv‡bb) As we know (Avgiv Rvwb)

Lesson 4.5

Lesson 4.6

Expressions for better speaking Enough + Noun

Enough time/ jobs/ opportunity/ money/ students/ reputation etc. Enough time = You have enough time to design your career. Enough money = I don’t have enough money to go for a tour. Enough jobs = There are no enough jobs in Bangladesh. (evsjv‡`‡k cÖPzi PvKwi †bB) Enough opportunity = I don’t have enough opportunity to travel foreign country. (we‡`k ågY Kivi e¨vcK myweav Avgvi †bB)

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Lesson 4.7

01. I do (present simple

(i)To give instructions (†Kvb Kv‡Ri avivµg eY©bv Ki‡Z) First, I put a lump of butter into the frying pan and light the gas; then while the butter is melting I

break three eggs into a bowl......... (ii)With certain adverbs :( we‡kl KZ¸‡jv advers Gi mv‡_)

often (cÖvqB), usually (mvaviYZ), sometimes (gv‡Sgv‡S), always (me© v), occasionally (gv‡Sgv‡S), once (GKevi), twice (`yBevi), everyday (cÖwZw`b), finally (me‡k‡l), on Friday (ïµev‡i) etc.

I usually go to University by rickshaw. I go home on Friday. He occasionally visits me. They always help the poor people.

(iii)With imperative sentence: (Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, Aby‡iva m~PK ev‡K¨) Please do this. (`qv K‡i GwU Ki“b) Come here. (GLv‡b Avmyb) Keep silent. (Pzc _vKzb) Go there at once. (G¶zwY †mLv‡b hvb) Drop the matter. (ev` †`b †Zv) Listen and repeat. (ïbyb Ges ejyb)

(iv) In running commentary :(avivfv‡l¨) Mara Dona comes up from behind, passes Balic, avoids Danilove, rushes downfield and

kicks a magnificent goal. (v) For a timetable:

The show starts at 3 o’clock. We leave tomorrow morning at 8 o’clock. The trains leave at five thirty tomorrow.

(vi) We use the Present Simple for the future after when, as soon as, while, unless, till, until, before, after.: (fwel¨‡Z ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †h KvRwUi mv‡_ when, as soon as BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K †mB KvRwUi mv‡_ future tense -Gi cwie‡Z© present simple tense e¨eüZ n‡e )

I will inform you when I get the news. (LeiwU †c‡q Avwg †Zvgv‡K Rvbve) I will phone you as soon as I reach home. (evmvq †cuŠ‡QB Avwg †Zvgv‡K †dvb w`e) Wait here for me until I come. (Avwg bv Avmv ch©š— GLv‡b A‡c¶v Ki) He will get up before the clock strikes six. (†m QqUv evRvi Av‡MB Nyg †_‡K DV‡e) You will not be able to pass the examination unless you work hard.

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(K‡Vvi cwikªg bv Ki‡j Zzwg cix¶vq cvk Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv) 02. I have gone (Present perfect)

With certain words like just (GBgvÎ), already (B‡Zvg‡a¨), yet (GL‡bv bv), have you ever....? (Zzwg wK KL‡bv ....?)

I have just finished the work. (Avwg GBgvÎ KvRwU †kl K‡iwQ) I have already taken a decision. (Avwg BwZg‡a¨ GKwU wm×vš— wb‡qwQ) Haven’t you had your meal yet? (Zzwg wK GL‡bv LvIwb?) Have you ever been to America? (Zzwg wK KL‡bv Av‡gwiKv wM‡qQ?)

03. ‘Be’ to + (do) (For official plans and arrangements) (Avwdkvj e¨e ’vcbv eySv‡Z)

The Prime Minister is to visit America next week. (AvMvgx mßv‡n cÖavbgš¿x AvÕ‡gwiKv md‡i hv‡eb) The president is to visit London in November (President b‡f¤‡i jÛb visit Ki‡eb)

04. ‘Be’ about to + (do) (For the very near future) (wbKUZg fwel¨Z eySv‡Z)

The programme is about to start. (AbyôvbwU GLbB ïi“ n‡Z hv‡”Q) He is about to die. (†m gyg~ly© Ae ’vq Av‡Q) The train is about to leave. (†UªbwU GLbB †Q‡o w`‡e) 05. ‘Be’ going to + (do) (we use it when we have decided to do something) (hv gb ’ Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv eySv‡Z) I am going to take admission at LODE STAR. (Avwg LODE STAR-G fwZ© n‡Z hvw”Q) We are going to have a picnic. (Avgiv wcKwb‡K hvw”Q) They are going to change the house. (Zviv evmvwU cvëv‡Z hv‡”Q) 06. By the time ...... is used with a verb to indicate not later than the moment that something

happens. (wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ eySv‡Z) By the time we arrived at the meeting, everyone had gone home. (Avgiv hLb wgwUs-G †cuŠQjvg ZZ¶‡Y mevB evwo wd‡i wM‡qwQj) By the time I got there, the culprits had already escaped. (hLb Avwg †mLv‡b †cuŠQjvg ZZ¶‡Y ye„ËKvixiv cjvqY K‡iwQj) 07. Somebody, someone, something, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing always take singular. Be quiet, somebody is coming. (Pzc Pzc, †KD †hb Avm‡Q) Everyone has a choice. (cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB GKUv cQ›`-AcQ›` Av‡Q) Nobody is allowed to smoke here. (GLv‡b †KD aygcvb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv) Nothing has happened. (wKQzB nqwb) 08. ‘Have been’ I am in Dhaka. I came here 5 years ago. I have been in Dhaka for 5 years.

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(Avwg cvPu eQi hveZ XvKvq AvwQ) I have been with Jamy all the day. (Avwg mvivw`b Rvwg-Gi mv‡_ wQjvg) They have been there all afternoon. (Zviv mviv weKvj †mLv‡b wQj) 09. ‘Have had’ I have a computer. I bought it 5 years ago. I have had a computer for 5 years. (cuvP eQi hver Avgvi GKwU Kw¤úDUvi Av‡Q) I have had these shoes for years. I have had this dictionary for ages. 10. for (hver) and since (n‡Z/†_‡K) We use for and since to say how long Jamy is in London. He has been there (for three days/since Monday).

for three days/ an hour/ a week / a month / five years / ten minutes / two hours / four weeks / six months / a long time.

We have been waiting here for you for two hours. (Avgiv GLv‡b †Zvgvi Rb¨ `yB NÈv hveZ A‡c¶v KiwQ|) I have lived in London for a long time. (Avwg A‡bKw`b a‡i jÛ‡b evm KiwQ)

since Monday/ 9 o’clock / 24 July / January 2005 / Wednesday / 12.30 / Eid day / I was ten years old / we arrived.

We have been waiting since 9 o’clock. (= from 9 o’clock to now) I have lived in London since I was ten years old. 11. ago before now

Jamy started his new job three weeks ago. (= three weeks before now) When did Jamy go out? Ten minutes ago. (= ten minutes before now)

I had dinner an hour ago. Life was very different a hundred years ago.

We use ago with the past (started / did / had / was etc.). Compare ago and for: When did Jamy arrive in London? He arrived in London three days ago. How long have you been in London? I have been in London for three days. 12. been and gone He has been to America (= experience he isn’t there now) He has gone to America (= Present – he is there now) He has gone to the saloon (= he has not returned) He has been to the saloon (= he has returned)

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Tense: details

I do (Avwg Kwi) Present Simple Nashita often plays tennis. I work in a bank but I don’t enjoy it very much. Do you like parties? It doesn’t rain much in summer.

I did (Avwg K‡iwQjvg) Past simple Shoaib played tennis yesterday afternoon. I lost my key a few days ago. There was a film on TV last night but we didn’t watch it. What did you do when you finished work yesterday?

I am doing (Avwg KiwQ) Present continuous ‘Where’s Khuki?’ ‘She’s playing tennis.’ Please don’t disturb me now. I’m working. Hello. Are you enjoying the party? It isn’t raining at the moment.

I was doing (Avwg KiwQjvg) Past continuous I saw Khuki in the park yesterday. She was playing tennis. I dropped my key when I was trying to open the door. The television was on but we weren’t watching it. What were you doing at this time yesterday?

I have done (Avwg K‡iwQ) Present perfect I’ve lost my key. Have you seen it

anywhere? How long have they known each other? The house is dirty. We haven’t cleaned it for weeks.

I had done (Avwg K‡iwQjvg) Past perfect It wasn’t her first game of tennis. She had played

many times before. I couldn’t get into the house because I had lost my key. The house was dirty because we hadn’t cleaned it for weeks.

I have been doing (Avwg KiwQ) Present perfect continuous Nashita is very tired. She has been

playing tennis. You’re out of breath. Have you been running? How long have you been learning English?

I had been doing (Avwg KiwQjvg) Past perfect continuous Mim was tired yesterday evening because she had

been playing tennis in the afternoon. Hasina decided to go to the doctor because he hadn’t

been feeling well.

The Future

I’m leaving tomorrow. My train leaves at 9.30. I’m going to leave tomorrow I’ll leave tomorrow. I’ll be leaving tomorrow I’ll have left by this time tomorrow.

LODESTAR INSTITUTE


43

Lesson 4.8

What……………………….like? (what + be + subject+ like) (Describing sb or sth.)( )

A. What’s (=is) your teacher like? B. He is very smart and friendly.

B. What was your holiday like? C. Wonderful, we enjoyed a lot.

A. What are your friends like? B. They are very friendly and symphathetic.

Note: How is your mother? She is very well now, thanks. Asks about health. It doesn’t ask for a description. How is Jamy now? He is fully cured now.

Lesson 4.9

Hugely Used Expressions:

At dead of night (Mfxi iv‡Z) Forcibly (†Rvic~e©K) Complications (RwUjZv) Dumped (cwiZ¨v³) In the name of search (Zjvwki bv‡g) Catch red handed (nv‡Z bv‡Z aiv) Villagers (MÖvgevmx) At gun point (e›`y‡Ki gy‡L) For unknown reason (AÁvZ Kvi‡Y) Critical condition (Avk¼vRbK Ae ’v) Beat severely (†cUv‡bv) Deceased (g„Z) Daring dacoity (`~a©l© WvKvwZ) In one hand (GKw`‡K/ GKc‡¶) On the other hand (Aciw`‡K) In broad day light (cÖKvk¨ w`ev‡jv‡K) Allege (Awf‡hvM Kiv) Alleged (Awfhy³) Belongings (gvjcÎ) Create Panic (Îvmm„wó Kiv)

spoken & prounuciation lesson 02

Education

wk hvwqj bv

zzwg wk hvq bv

vke bv zzwg wk hz

pronunciation course

pronunciation practice

pronunciation language

new language

vke avwg hz