sponzor izdanja - infotrend...adriaticsa croatia it market 2008-2012 forecast and 2007 vendor...

1

sponzor izdanja

3

U 2007. godini, ukupni prihod informatičke in-dustrije u Hrvatskoj dosegao je 13,30 milijar-de kuna, odražavajući povećanje od 13,3 posto u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. To međutim predstavlja usporavanje u odnosu na 2006. kada je uvećan za 18,8 posto. Osim toga, prošle je godine informatička industrija ostvarila za 0,3 postotna boda sporiji rast ukupnog prihoda ne-goli gospodarstvo (ne-fi nancijski sektor). I povećanje dobiti (prije oporezivanja) informa-tičke industrije bilo je manje (17,5 posto) u us-poredbi s porastom od 19,8 posto, koliko je ostvarila ukupna privreda. Istodobno, broj za-poslenih u IT industriji povećan je za 11,5 po-sto, gotovo dvostruko brže negoli u ukupnoj privredi (6,1 posto). Takvi rezultati poslovanja

informatičke industrije postignuti su unatoč vi-šem rastu društvenog proizvoda (5,6 posto u prošlog godini, prema 4,8 posto ostvarenih u 2006-oj) i za 23 posto većim planiranim sred-stvima za IT investicije i potrošnju u lanjskom državnom proračunu negoli u 2006. godini.

Gdje, onda, treba tražiti razloge usporavanja?

Izgleda da je opet na djelu sindrom izborne go-dine, kojeg u pravilu karakterizira zastoj u in-vesticijama državne administracije i velikih dr-žavnih poduzeća, na što uostalom upućuju i izjave čelnika vodećih infomatičkih tvrtki. Zna-

Izvor podataka: Financijska agencijaAnaliza podataka: Boris Žitnik

Sponzor izdanja: INFODOM

U idućem broju: Godišnji pregled telekom industrije

u Hrvatskoj – InfoTrendTOP50

Na djelu je, čini se, opet bio sindrom izborne godine, kojeg u pravilu karakterizira zastoj u ulaganjima državne administracije i velikih državnih poduzeća, na što, uostalom, upućuju i izjave čelnika vodećih infomatičkih tvrtki. Ponovno se javlja i problem nelikvidnosti, a neki veći projekti se odgađaju.

PRI SAGLEDAVANJU REZULTATA

informatičke industrije treba uzeti u ob-zir da su fi nancijski pokazatelji poslovanja (ukupni prihodi, dobit) sa svojom specifi č-nom iskaznom moći tek jedan od pokaza-telja praćenja informatičkog sektora u ze-mlji. IDC, na primjer, analitička kuća koja već preko deset godina prati i analizira hr-vatsko ICT tržište, kao mjeru volume-na IT tržišta (odnosno kretanja ukupne IT potrošnje) uzima vrijednost isporuka in-formatičkih proizvoda i usluga krajnjim korisnicima: gospodarstvu, državi i kućan-stvima. Na taj način izbjegava se dvostru-ko ili višestruko brojanje prihoda kad roba kola u distributivnom lancu, kad se usluge daju na izvedbu podugovaračima kao i pri-hod ostvaren izvozom. Prema studiji IDC Adriaticsa Croatia IT Market 2008-2012 Forecast and 2007 Vendor Shares, ukupne isporuke, odnosno IT izdaci u Hrvatskoj u 2007. godini iznosili su 7,6 milijardi kuna (1,03 milijarde eura), porastavši u odnosu na 2006. za 10 posto. Pritom su izdaci za hardver uvećani za 14 posto, za soft ver 7 te IT usluge 6 posto.

Tablica/Table 1 Struktura informatičkih poduzeća prema ukupnom prihodu 2007. Structure of the IT Enterprises by Revenue 2007

Ukupni prihod (od - do kuna)Revenue (from - to kuna)

Broj poduzeća# of Firms

Udio (%)Share (%)

Uk. prihod (Kn)Revenue (Kn)

Udio (%)Share (%)

Dobit (Kn)Profi t (Kn)

Udio (%)Share (%)

Broj zaposlenih# of Employees

Udio (%)Share (%)

1 50,000,001+ 44 2,6% 8.049.974.275 60,5% 371.460.477 40,7% 3.911 29,5%

2 30,000,001-50,000,000 21 1,2% 844.827.953 6,4% 80.728.690 8,8% 693 5,2%

3 20,000,001-30,000,000 23 1,3% 567.702.258 4,3% 78.185.560 8,6% 669 5,0%

4 10,000,001-20,000,000 83 4,8% 1.144.308.455 8,6% 104.106.005 11,4% 1.616 12,2%

5 5,000,001-10,000,000 140 8,1% 976.371.271 7,3% 114.585.270 12,5% 1.586 12,0%

6 2,000,001-5,000,000 306 17,8% 983.440.223 7,4% 91.540.737 10,0% 2.134 16,1%

7 500,001-2,000,000 564 32,8% 583.622.348 4,4% 59.729.439 6,5% 1.824 13,8%

8 100,001-500,000 538 31,3% 147.031.446 1,1% 12.843.451 1,4% 817 6,2%

UKUPNO / TOTAL 1.719 100,0% 13.297.278.229 100,0% 913.179.629 100,0% 13.250 100,0%

Tablica/Table 2. Struktura informatičkih poduzeća prema broju zaposlenih 2007. Structure of the IT Enterprises by Number of Employees 2007

Broj zaposlenih (od - do)Number of Employees (from - to)

Broj poduzeća# of Firms

Udio (%)Share (%)

Uk. prihod (Kn)Revenue (Kn)

Udio (%)Share (%)

DobitProfi t (Kn)

Udio (%)Share (%)

Br. zapos.# of Employees

Udio (%)Share (%)

1 101+ 15 0,9% 5.218.419.313 39,2% 182.245.059 20,0% 2.573 19,4%

2 51-100 23 1,3% 1.381.959.559 10,4% 117.554.468 12,9% 1.590 12,0%

3 31-50 34 2,0% 1.425.616.711 10,7% 113.614.286 12,4% 1.330 10,0%

4 21-30 35 2,0% 818.515.305 6,2% 52.011.022 5,7% 869 6,6%

5 11-20 162 9,4% 1.889.213.806 14,2% 194.095.740 21,3% 2.320 17,5%

6 6-10 244 14,2% 1.166.826.203 8,8% 122.299.024 13,4% 1.879 14,2%

7 1-5 1206 70,2% 1.396.727.332 10,5% 131.360.030 14,4% 2.689 20,3%

UKUPNO / TOTAL 1.719 100,0% 13.297.278.229 100,0% 913.179.629 100,0% 13.250 100,0%

nastavak na str. 6

4

Tablica/Table 3 100 NAJVEĆIH PO UKUPNOM PRIHODU 2007 (iznos u kunama)Top 100 by Revenue 2007 (Amounts in Kuna)

Rang po uk. prihoduRank by Revenue

2007

TVRTKA / COMPANY


2006

Ukupni prihod - stopa rasta

Revenue - growth rate 07/06 (%)

Dobit - stopa rasta

Profi t - growth rate

07/06 (%)

Zaposlenost - stopa rasta

Employment - growth rate

07/06 (%)

Rang po dobiti

Rank by Profi t 2007

Rang po br. zaposlenih

Rank by # of employees

2007

2007 2006

Ukupni prihodRevenue

DobitProfi t

Broj

zapo

sl.#

of

Empl

oyee

s


DobitProfi t

Broj

zapo

sl.#

of

Empl

oyee

s

1 M SAN GRUPA D.D. 1 26,1% 59,4% 44,2% 2 2 1.820.340.449 45.227.330 248 1.443.094.269 28.381.147 172

2 KING ICT D.O.O. 3 34,2% 17,7% 65,5% 5 11 482.274.603 27.405.153 144 359.317.122 23.276.892 87

3 RECRO D.D. 2 -7,8% -26,8% 11,1% 22 14 460.991.445 8.923.093 110 500.205.765 12.187.538 99

4 HG SPOT D.D.

5 VEMIL D.O.O. 9 41,6% -34,6% 32,3% 172 3 336.794.509 889.416 205 237.901.477 1.360.756 155

6 COMBIS D.O.O. 5 -0,7% 23,3% 22,0% 3 4 327.468.038 29.875.917 200 329.860.674 24.221.511 164

7 S & T HRVATSKA D.O.O. 7 3,5% 8,6% 37,7% 18 10 273.077.993 10.185.048 146 263.732.804 9.378.222 106

8 EUROTRADE D.O.O. 8 1,3% 12,1% -0,6% 50 7 254.255.800 3.084.806 168 251.064.163 2.752.646 169

9 IBM HRVATSKA D.O.O.

10 MEGATREND D.O.O. 10 10,6% 310,1% -2,1% 184 42 208.147.677 838.223 47 188.133.205 204.381 48

11 RENOPROM D.O.O. 14 49,1% -66,6% 12,0% 166 13 203.576.438 930.992 131 136.556.913 2.786.143 117

12 SENSO MIKRO D.O.O. 11 24,4% -57,3% 4,2% 102 87 200.080.800 1.677.492 25 160.810.925 3.932.723 24

13 COMPUTECH D.O.O.

14 COMPING D.O.O. 12 11,2% 46,0% 12,5% 6 36 174.132.762 23.967.892 54 156.536.751 16.412.736 48

15 KSU COMPANY D.O.O.

16 MICROLINE D.O.O. 18 26,1% 25,6% 0,0% 65 49 160.314.639 2.540.224 41 127.128.543 2.022.887 41

17 APIS - IT D.O.O. 16 18,5% 16,4% 7,4% 179 1 159.959.468 874.155 306 135.006.503 750.700 285

18 EXOR INFORMATIČKI INŽENJERING D.O.O. 20 38,7% 24,6% 20,6% 12 8 145.426.290 12.108.054 164 104.847.610 9.718.996 136

19 ASBIS-CR D.O.O.

20 CS COMPUTER SYSTEMS D.O.O. 15 -29,4% -19,5% 5,2% 7 30 95.695.791 22.538.379 61 135.583.860 27.982.488 58

21 HEWLETT-PACKARD D.O.O.

22 ORACLE HRVATSKA D.O.O.

23 LOST D.O.O.

24 KODEKS D.O.O. 21 -17,2% -12,4% 4,0% 25 82 84.158.569 7.739.734 26 101.647.054 8.833.388 25

25 STORM COMPUTERS D.O.O.

26 MICROSOFT HRVATSKA D.O.O. * 29 5,3% -22,3% 19,5% 11 40 79.175.975 12.287.204 49 75.179.649 15.811.773 41

27 EUROCOMPUTER SYSTEMS D.O.O.

28 ELKOTECH D.O.O. 76.021.317 61.427.041

29 INFODOM D.O.O. 34 20,9% 1,8% 4,8% 21 19 75.160.482 9.003.911 88 62.174.684 8.847.262 84

30 INFOSISTEM D.D. 28 -7,7% -72,3% 3,4% 279 18 71.558.114 469.486 90 77.547.858 1.693.392 87

31 KVARK D.O.O.

32 AUTRONIC COMPUTERS D.O.O. 40 25,3% -38,4% 10,8% 403 53 70.054.740 244.614 41 55.893.722 397.042 37

33 SPAN D.O.O. 38 12,2% - -14,8% 66 43 65.266.723 2.537.185 46 58.162.885 0 54

34 RECRO-NET D.O.O. 45 28,1% -19,3% 159,3% 34 24 63.640.666 4.937.555 70 49.673.061 6.120.411 27

35 PRINTEC CROATIA D.O.O. 63.496.546 58.482.932

36 MAKROMIKRO D.O.O. 53 49,2% 48,5% 8,8% 290 29 62.980.406 441.628 62 42.204.382 297.350 57

37 MBU D.O.O. 43 12,6% 177,3% 46,2% 59 17 60.200.879 2.725.675 95 53.461.402 983.055 65

38 POMORSKI CENTAR ZA ELEKTRONIKU D.O.O. 22 -37,1% -79,9% -9,6% 79 5 59.325.058 2.228.309 189 94.250.067 11.094.833 209

39 KONICA MINOLTA HRVATSKA D.O.O. 36 -4,7% 7,0% 11,1% 379 39 58.146.698 275.293 50 61.010.022 257.188 45

40 MREŽNE TEHNOLOGIJE VERSO D.O.O. 56 37,4% 240,7% 10,0% 19 97 55.774.309 9.857.893 22 40.584.889 2.893.613 20

41 IN2 D.O.O. 51 21,2% 130,4% 14,8% 15 12 55.437.607 11.309.013 132 45.750.207 4.908.404 115

42 PERPETUUM MOBILE D.O.O. 33 -11,5% 14,4% 28,1% 150 51 55.113.950 1.039.551 41 62.299.140 908.831 32

43 B4B 44 10,5% 41,3% 2,6% 32 21 54.892.729 5.602.089 80 49.694.007 3.965.771 78

44 MIKRONIS D.O.O. 48 6,0% 43,4% 50,0% 201 170 50.067.436 743.747 15 47.249.395 518.719 10

45 BIRO DATA SERVIS D.O.O. 39 -11,8% -56,2% 9,3% 38 31 49.671.062 3.800.094 59 56.298.421 8.682.457 54

46 MEGATREND POSLOVNA RJEŠENJA D.O.O. 226 563,7% 62,4% 106,3% 244 65 49.409.456 585.270 33 7.444.473 360.334 16

47 CROZ D.O.O.

48 VENTEX D.O.O. 49 -2,1% -28,8% 17,9% 165 64 46.018.207 938.254 33 47.006.706 1.317.421 28

49 POWERCOM SISTEMI D.O.O. 57 13,8% - 77,8% 1.530 159 45.416.623 0 16 39.899.828 0 9

50 SEDAM IT D.O.O. 64 41,4% 89,2% 5,3% 29 54 45.264.137 6.222.542 40 32.002.809 3.288.712 38

5

Tablica/Table 3 100 NAJVEĆIH PO UKUPNOM PRIHODU 2007 (iznos u kunama)Top 100 by Revenue 2007 (Amounts in Kuna)


2007

TVRTKA / COMPANY


2006

Ukupni prihod - stopa rasta

Revenue - growth rate 07/06 (%)

Dobit - stopa rasta

Profi t - growth rate

07/06 (%)

Zaposlenost - stopa rasta

Employment - growth rate

07/06 (%)

Rang po dobiti


Rang po br. zaposlenih

Rank by # of employees

2007

2007 2006


DobitProfi t

Broj

zapo

sl.#

of

Empl

oyee

s


DobitProfi t

Broj

zapo

sl.#

of

Empl

oyee

s

51 NEW TECHNOLOGY D.O.O. 137 244,3% - 180,0% 211 181 44.568.605 713.751 14 12.946.390 0 5

52 ARBOR INFORMATIKA D.O.O.

53 ALFATEC GROUP D.O.O. 69 43,7% 21,5% 0,0% 47 85 41.637.578 3.259.362 25 28.980.199 2.683.429 25

54 DINARID D.O.O. 75 59,7% -7,2% 0,0% 180 397 40.932.215 873.787 7 25.627.278 941.371 7

55 ISA HARDWARE D.O.O.

56 SAP D.O.O. 32 -37,9% -100,0% 40,0% 1.532 107 39.382.627 0 21 63.456.568 3.942.423 15

57 LINKS D.O.O. 71 37,0% 62,6% 50,0% 530 77 38.229.488 151.129 30 27.901.537 92.965 20

58 MANOR INFORMATIKA D.O.O. 61 14,2% 25,0% 0,0% 84 110 37.807.645 2.070.690 20 33.105.489 1.657.030 20

59 FENIKS-KOMPJUTORI D.O.O. 54 -8,9% -89,4% 4,8% 750 103 37.302.964 65.952 22 40.955.951 620.565 21

60 DEKOD - TELEKOM D.O.O. 134 164,7% 189,5% 9,1% 28 211 35.516.216 6.249.518 12 13.416.304 2.159.070 11

61 GISDATA D.O.O. 34.316.647 35.033.629

62 LOGOS D.O.O. 70 20,6% 60,1% 17,2% 10 63 33.971.587 13.090.817 34 28.174.421 8.178.602 29

63 INTEGRA GROUP D.O.O. 65 1,0% -55,5% 9,1% 218 61 30.989.591 680.180 36 30.687.751 1.528.187 33

64 ESYS D.O.O.

65 BIROTEHNA D.O.O.

66 EPTA D.O.O. 85 29,9% -34,5% 40,4% 43 22 29.621.953 3.556.986 73 22.795.579 5.433.938 52

67 SV GROUP D.O.O. 68 -1,0% 93,3% 15,4% 87 163 28.996.254 2.005.688 15 29.283.156 1.037.695 13

68 TIS - OBJEKTNI INFORMACIJSKI SUSTAVI D.O.O. 106 65,8% 125,5% 29,2% 23 28 28.485.911 8.665.267 62 17.182.839 3.841.850 48

69 TEHNIČAR-COPYSERVIS D.O.O. 73 6,3% 55,3% -4,7% 173 52 27.490.148 889.324 41 25.863.971 572.599 43

70 BUBA D.O.O.

71 SENSO IS D.O.O. 82 13,3% 10,4% 38,5% 46 132 26.047.579 3.363.162 18 22.989.387 3.046.983 13

72 HSM INFORMATIKA D.O.O. 74 -1,3% 3,6% 23,1% 58 146 25.419.766 2.759.207 16 25.759.547 2.662.364 13

73 MULTICOM D.O.O.

74 EFT-USLUGE D.O.O. 80 5,9% 11,6% -9,1% 13 271 25.207.031 12.086.499 10 23.813.427 10.829.992 11

75 MEĐIMURJE IPC D.D. 77 -0,6% 7,9% 3,1% 183 27 24.901.216 862.857 66 25.051.380 799.558 64

76 PROCESOR RAČUNALA D.O.O. 90 15,5% 133,8% 25,0% 117 112 24.512.799 1.404.321 20 21.220.694 600.529 16

77 ARIES D.O.O. 86 6,8% -29,1% 14,3% 355 364 24.255.074 309.753 8 22.709.234 436.936 7

78 ŠPICA SUSTAVI D.O.O. 87 8,0% -37,7% 30,0% 193 196 23.867.890 768.105 13 22.099.927 1.233.891 10

79 TIS - KORISNIČKI INFORMACIJSKI SUSTAVI D.O.O. 220 206,1% 196,2% 6,7% 62 147 23.512.044 2.606.957 16 7.680.505 880.006 15

80 GISDATA GRUPA D.O.O.** 501 839,1% 175,4% - 27 932 23.500.222 6.270.226 2 2.502.413 2.276.951 0

81 TEPEDE D.O.O.

82 EUROCOP D.O.O. 94 15,3% 12,8% 22,2% 63 98 22.983.807 2.598.115 22 19.935.987 2.304.204 18

83 VIP-DATA D.O.O. 100 24,9% 58,9% -22,0% 20 66 22.804.965 9.282.219 32 18.265.675 5.841.267 41

84 LAMA D.O.O 92 11,7% 29,2% 4,2% 226 88 22.778.545 661.685 25 20.399.333 511.970 24

85 FORNAX INFORMATIKA D.O.O. 60 -34,4% -93,3% 0,0% 333 767 22.575.964 359.353 3 34.419.715 5.388.568 3

86 ELMA KURTALJ D.O.O. 88 -0,1% -7,9% 5,9% 104 38 21.889.708 1.664.527 54 21.906.747 1.808.211 51

87 ECSAT D.O.O. 132 57,0% 266,0% 8,1% 225 55 21.487.576 663.049 40 13.686.456 181.178 37

88 POMAK D.O.O.

89 PIS D.O.O. 93 -4,9% 25,5% 0,0% 33 48 19.312.678 5.214.780 41 20.310.634 4.156.784 41

90 AVL-AST D.O.O. 111 15,7% -37,9% 18,4% 552 33 19.067.691 137.196 58 16.487.217 220.997 49

91 ADEPTUS D.O.O.

92 FIST D.O.O.

93 ALFA KOMPJUTER D.O.O. 107 10,7% 400,2% -6,3% 94 164 18.877.322 1.857.831 15 17.058.210 371.435 16

94 OPTIMAL SISTEMI D.O.O. 143 54,5% 2308,5% 20,0% 377 228 18.837.909 277.317 12 12.191.203 11.514 10

95 SYSTEC AUTOMATIZACIJA D.O.O.

96 OPTIMA OSN INŽINJERING D.O.O. 83 -19,2% 166,9% 0,0% 149 122 18.457.079 1.041.181 19 22.842.305 390.097 19

97 COMEL D.O.O. 105 4,8% 58,5% 0,0% 227 138 18.151.081 660.801 17 17.315.584 416867 17

98 W.S.P D.O.O.

99 DNS D.O.O.

100 NETCOM D.O.O. 99 -4,5% -7,3% 3,4% 72 #N/A! 17.712.407 2.374.000 30 18.553.143 2560384 29

UKUPNO/TOTAL 9.685.384.158 547.666.266 5.595 8.469.837.147 464.403.964 4.899

6

Abecedni popis po ukupnom prihodu pretežito informatičkom djelatnošću. Isto tako, po-pisu su pridodane one koje su registrirane s nekom drugom šifrom djelatnosti, a većinu ukupnog pri-hoda ostvaruju informatičkom djelatnošću.

Prema tome, tri su osnovna preduvjeta za iz-dvajanja skupa informatičkih tvrtki:

• da su predale fi nancijske izvještaje za 2008. godinu

• da su prepoznate i izdvojene kao informatičke

• da su ostvarile promet u 2007. godini veći od 100 tisuća kuna i da su zapošljavale najmanje jednog radnika

Bitne napomene uz obuhvat

Pri sagledavanju rezultata hrvatske informa-tičke industrije treba uzeti u obzir ove bitne odrednice:

Veliki, a neobuhvaćeni: U ovaj pregled nisu uključene tvrtke koje ostvaruju znatan prihod od informatičke djelatnosti, ali kojima to nije pretežita djelatnost. To se posebno odnosi na Siemens i Ericsson Nikola Teslu, kao i FINA-u koja je u javnom vlasništvu. Naime, spome-nute tvrtke značajno sudjeluju u IT industriji (prema IDC-u, Siemensov ogranak Siemens IT Solutions and Services predvodi listu pruža-telja IT usluga u zemlji, dok ostale dvije tvrt-ke ulaze među prvih deset), a na tom putu je i niz tvrtki iz telekom sektora. Procjenjujemo da bi uključivanje ostvarenog prihoda spome-nute tri tvrtke u prošloj godini podignulo uku-pni prihod IT industrije za preko 700 milijuna kuna, što bi još značajnije doprinijelo broju zaposlenih jer u njima radi nešto manje od 2000 IT profesionalaca.

Neusporedivi podaci svjetskih vendora: Zbog različite metodolodije i obuhvata obraču-na, ukupni prihodi međunarodnih IT tvrki koje u Hrvatskoj imaju svoje podružnice nisu strogo usporedivi s prihodima domaćih tvrki. Ukupni prihod Microsoft Hrvatske, na primjer, ne odgo-vara ukupnoj prodaji njegovih softverskih pro-izvoda već troškovima poslovanja lokalne po-družnice toga globalnog igrača. Promet lokalne podružnice HP-a uključuje pak IT usluge, ali ne i hardvera kojeg plasiraju njegovi partneri. Lokal-ni prihodi IBM-a također ne odražavaju u cijelo-sti plasmane IBM-ovih proizvoda u zemlji.

Nekonsolidirani podaci: U tablicama nisu pri-kazani konsolidirani prihodi vlasnički povezanih kompanija, već izdvojenih poduzeća, odnosno podaci su dati tako kao što su prezentirani FI-NA-i. Tako imamo HG Spot i posebno poduzeća u njegovom vlasništvu (Senso Mikro, primjerice), Gisdatu ali i Gisdata Grupu, TIS Grupu prikaza-nu u više izdvojenih jedinica (TIS KIS, TIS OIS) itd. Inače, u prošloj je godini zabilježen niz vlasničkih promjena u hrvatskom informatičkom prostoru. Tako je poljski Asseco kupio većinski udjel u Lo-gosu i Arbor Informatici, S&T Hrvatska integrirao

91 ADEPTUS d.o.o.93 ALFA KOMPJUTER d.o.o.53 ALFATEC GROUP d.o.o.17 APIS - IT d.o.o.52 ARBOR INFORMATIKA d.o.o.77 ARIES d.o.o.19 ASBIS-CR d.o.o.32 AUTRONIC COMPUTERS d.o.o.90 AVL-AST d.o.o.43 B4B45 BIRO DATA SERVIS d.o.o.65 BIROTEHNA d.o.o.70 BUBA d.o.o.

6 COMBIS d.o.o.97 COMEL d.o.o. 14 COMPING d.o.o.13 COMPUTECH d.o.o.47 CROZ d.o.o.20 CS COMPUTER SYSTEMS d.o.o.60 DEKOD - TELEKOM d.o.o.54 DINARID d.o.o.99 DNS d.o.o.87 ECSAT d.o.o.74 EFT-USLUGE d.o.o.28 ELKOTECH d.o.o.86 ELMA KURTALJ d.o.o.66 EPTA d.o.o.64 ESYS d.o.o.27 EUROCOMPUTER SYSTEMS d.o.o.82 EUROCOP d.o.o.

8 EUROTRADE d.o.o.18 EXOR INFORMATIČKI INŽENJERING d.o.o.59 FENIKS-KOMPJUTORI d.o.o.92 FIST d.o.o.85 FORNAX INFORMATIKA d.o.o.61 GISDATA d.o.o.80 GISDATA GRUPA d.o.o.21 HEWLETT-PACKARD d.o.o.4 HG SPOT d.d.

72 HSM INFORMATIKA d.o.o.9 IBM HRVATSKA d.o.o.

41 IN2 d.o.o.29 INFODOM d.o.o.30 INFOSISTEM d.d.63 INTEGRA GROUP d.o.o.55 ISA HARDWARE d.o.o.

2 KING ICT d.o.o.24 KODEKS d.o.o.39 KONICA MINOLTA HRVATSKA d.o.o.15 KSU COMPANY d.o.o.

31 KVARK d.o.o.84 LAMA D.O.O57 LINKS d.o.o.62 LOGOS d.o.o.23 LOST d.o.o.

1 M SAN GRUPA d.d.36 MAKROMIKRO d.o.o.58 MANOR INFORMATIKA d.o.o.37 MBU d.o.o.75 MEĐIMURJE IPC d.d.10 MEGATREND d.o.o.46 MEGATREND POSLOVNA RJEŠENJA d.o.o.16 MICROLINE d.o.o.26 MICROSOFT HRVATSKA d.o.o.44 MIKRONIS d.o.o.40 MREŽNE TEHNOLOGIJE VERSO d.o.o.73 MULTICOM d.o.o.

100 NETCOM d.o.o.51 NEW TECHNOLOGY d.o.o.96 OPTIMA OSN INŽINJERING d.o.o.94 OPTIMAL SISTEMI d.o.o.22 ORACLE HRVATSKA d.o.o.42 PERPETUUM MOBILE d.o.o.89 PIS d.o.o.88 POMAK d.o.o.38 POMORSKI CENTAR ZA ELEKTRONIKU d.o.o.49 POWERCOM SISTEMI d.o.o.35 PRINTEC CROATIA d.o.o.76 PROCESOR RAČUNALA d.o.o.

3 RECRO d.d.34 RECRO-NET d.o.o.11 RENOPROM d.o.o.7 S & T HRVATSKA d.o.o.

56 SAP d.o.o.50 SEDAM IT d.o.o.71 SENSO IS d.o.o.12 SENSO MIKRO d.o.o.33 SPAN d.o.o. 25 STORM COMPUTERS d.o.o.67 SV GROUP d.o.o.95 SYSTEC AUTOMATIZACIJA d.o.o.78 ŠPICA SUSTAVI d.o.o.69 TEHNIČAR-COPYSERVIS d.o.o.81 TEPEDE d.o.o.79 TIS - KORISNIČKI INFORMACIJSKI SUSTAVI d.o.o.68 TIS - OBJEKTNI INFORMACIJSKI SUSTAVI d.o.o.

5 VEMIL d.o.o.48 VENTEX d.o.o.83 VIP-DATA d.o.o.98 W.S.P d.o.o.

kovita je u tom kontekstu činjenica da ukupni prihod 15 najvećih distributera (trgovaca) uze-tih zajedno raste za oko 19 posto, a sistem in-tegratora za samo 6 posto.

Ponovno se javlja i problem nelikvidnosti, a ne-ki veći projekti se odgađaju. Tu, naravno, treba uzeti u obzir i utjecaj visoke baze: u 2006. zabi-lježeni su, naime, neki relativno veliki informa-tički projekti, posebno implementacija SAP-a u Ini; projekt obujma kakvog ni približ no nije bilo u prošloj godini.

S druge strane, pokretači IT tržišta u prošloj godini leže u intenziviranju ulaganja u telekom sektoru, u većoj potražnji poduzeća i kućan-stava za prijenosnim osobnim računalima a neš to manje za stolnim, te u nastavku ulaga-nja fi nancijskog sektora u složena informatička rje šenja i aplikacije te informacijske projekte fi -nan ci rane EU sredstvima.

Obuhvat IT industrije

Od 83.523 tvrtki koje su predale fi nancijski iz-vještaj za 2007. godinu izdvojene su samo infor-matičke. Tu ulaze sve tvrtke s pretežitom dje-latnošću:

• pružanja savjeta u računalnoj opremi • pružanja savjeta u pribavljanju

programske opreme• obrade podataka• održavanja i popravka uredskih

strojeva i računala• ostalih i srodnih računalnih aktivnosti • proizvodnje računala i druge

opreme za obradu podataka• trgovine na veliko uredskim

strojevima i opremom

Osnovno, ali ne i jedino mjerilo je šifra pretežite djelatnosti, pa su tako iz dobivene skupine tvrtki iz-dvojene one koje se, prema našoj spoznaji, ne bave

7

Rang po dobiti


TVRTKA / COMPANY Dobit / Profi t 2007

Rang po ukupnom

prihodu / Rank by Revenue 2007

Rang po br. zap. / Rank by Number

of Employees 2007

1 COMPUTECH d.o.o.

2 M SAN GRUPA d.d. 45.227.330 1 2

3 COMBIS d.o.o. 29.875.917 6 4

4 ARBOR INFORMATIKA d.o.o.

5 KING ICT d.o.o. 27.405.153 2 11

6 COMPING d.o.o. 23.967.892 14 36

7 CS COMPUTER SYSTEMS d.o.o. 22.538.379 20 30

8 IBM HRVATSKA d.o.o.

9 MULTICOM d.o.o.

10 LOGOS d.o.o. 13.090.817 62 63

11 MICROSOFT HRVATSKA d.o.o.* 12.287.204 26 40

12 EXOR INFORMATIČKI INŽENJERING d.o.o. 12.108.054 18 8

13 EFT-USLUGE d.o.o. 12.086.499 74 271

14 HG SPOT d.d.

15 IN2 d.o.o. 11.309.013 41 12

16 CROZ d.o.o.

17 PRINTEC CROATIA d.o.o.

18 S & T HRVATSKA d.o.o. 10.185.048 7 10

19 MREŽNE TEHNOLOGIJE VERSO d.o.o. 9.857.893 40 97

20 VIP-DATA d.o.o. 9.282.219 83 66

21 INFODOM d.o.o. 9.003.911 29 19

22 RECRO d.d. 8.923.093 3 14

23 TIS - OBJEKTNI INFORMACIJSKI SUSTAVI d.o.o. 8.665.267 68 29

24 KRON d.o.o. 8.111.898 122 194

25 KODEKS d.o.o. 7.739.734 24 82

26 KSU COMPANY d.o.o.

27 GISDATA GRUPA d.o.o.** 6.270.226 80 932

28 DEKOD - TELEKOM d.o.o. 6.249.518 60 211

29 SEDAM IT d.o.o. 6.222.542 50 54

30 RING DATACOM d.o.o. 5.825.090 150 179

31 LOST d.o.o.

32 B4B d.o.o. 5.602.089 43 21

33 PIS d.o.o. 5.214.780 89 52

34 RECRO-NET d.o.o. 4.937.555 34 24

35 WAVE-TECH d.o.o.

36 ZAGREB DATA d.o.o.

37 INCENDO d.o.o.

38 BIRO DATA SERVIS d.o.o. 3.800.094 45 31

39

40 NORT d.o.o. 3.724.752 164 621

41 TIS GRUPA - TELEMATIČKI INŽENJERING I SOFTWARE d.o.o. 3.599.528 197 182

42 ADASIT d.o.o. 3.580.471 283 525

43 EPTA d.o.o. 3.556.986 66 23

44 STORM COMPUTERS d.o.o.

45 POINT d.o.o. 3.403.730 191 134

46 SENSO IS d.o.o. 3.363.162 71 131

47 ALFATEC GROUP d.o.o. 3.259.362 53 86

48 BBM d.o.o.

49 SYSTEMCOM d.o.o.

50 EUROTRADE d.o.o. 3.084.806 8 7

Rang po dobiti


TVRTKA / COMPANY Dobit / Profi t 2007

Rang po ukupnom

prihodu / Rank by Revenue 2007

Rang po br. zap. / Rank by Number

of Employees 2007

51 NIRVANA d.o.o.

52 INSIG2 d.o.o.

53 IGEA d.o.o. 3.017.885 175 106

54 GISDATA d.o.o.

55 POMAK d.o.o.

56 GEMICRO d.o.o. 2.805.084 210 361

57 MEDIA SOFT d.o.o. 211 221

58 HSM INFORMATIKA d.o.o. 2.759.207 72 147

59 MBU d.o.o. 2.725.675 37 17

60 SEKOM d.o.o.

61 BSS POSLOVNI SUSTAVI d.o.o.

62 TIS - KORISNIČKI INFORMACIJSKI SUSTAVI d.o.o. 2.606.957 79 148

63 EUROCOP d.o.o. 2.598.115 82 99

64 CAMELOT SISTEMI d.o.o.

65 MICROLINE d.o.o. 2.540.224 16 48

66 SPAN d.o.o. 2.537.185 33 43

67 MICROLAB d.o.o.

68 W.S.P d.o.o.

69 I.S. d.o.o.

70 SPIN d.o.o. 2.455.167 145 72

71 CODE-ART d.o.o.

72 LASER LINE d.o.o. 2.386.464 168 77

73 NETCOM d.o.o. 2.374.000 100 74

74 ALGEBRA d.o.o.

75 SYSTEC AUTOMATIZACIJA d.o.o.

76 RAO d.o.o.

77 HEWLETT-PACKARD d.o.o.

78 ININ d.o.o. 2.236.185 291 224

79 POMORSKI CENTAR ZA ELEKTRONIKU d.o.o. 2.228.309 38 5

80 VESTIGO d.o.o. 2.213.696 118 45

81 INTERNET d.o.o.

82 RIS d.o.o.

83 4TH DIMENSION d.o.o. 2.082.289 232 222

84 MANOR INFORMATIKA d.o.o. 2.070.690 58 109

85 MCS d.o.o.

86 DATENTECHNIK d.o.o. 2.008.617 131 241

87 SV GROUP d.o.o. 2.005.688 67 161

88 POSLOVNA INTELIGENCIJA d.o.o. 1.992.919 114 111

89 BERNY COMMERCE

90 ESCENSIO d.o.o. 1.928.127 256 449

91 MIPS d.o.o. 1.881.062 249 153

92 VIPDATA MULTIMEDIA d.o.o. 1.870.696 432 234

93 EKOBIT d.o.o. 1.865.361 185 70

94 ALFA KOMPJUTER d.o.o. 1.857.831 93 162

95

96 LIBUSOFT CICOM d.o.o.

97 BANKSOFT d.o.o.

98 RATHMANN d.o.o. 1.796.800 177 217

99 VUGERGRAD d.o.o. 1.722.566 340 155

100 ABC INFORMATIC d.o.o. 1.702.769 214 101

UKUPNO / TOTAL 648.566.040

Tablica/Table 4 100 NAJVEĆIH PO DOBITI 2007 (iznos u kunama)Top 100 by Profi t 2007 (Amounts in Kuna)

8

Top 100 po ukupnom prihodu i dobiti

Tablice 3 i 4 rezultat su obrade informatičkih tvrtki s ciljem da se razvrstaju po ukupnom prihodu prikazanom u fi nancijskom izvještaju za poslovnu godinu 2007-mu. Osim rednog broja prikazanog u stupcu Rang i Tvrtka, Tablica 3 sadrži i dodatnih 12 stupaca, Tablica 4 dodatna 3 stupca koji daju daljnje po-datke njihovog relativnog položaja. Osim sto-pa rasta u odnosu na prethodnu godinu uku-pnog prihoda, dobiti i zaposlenih, u tablicama su za svaku tvrtku prikazani i rang po dobiti te broj zaposlenih kao i ukupni prihod, dobit i broj zaposlenih u 2007. i 2006. godini.

Tko je što?

Kao što je to već uobičajeno, u tablicama 5.1. do 5.5. prikazan je redoslijed petnaest najvećih infor-matičkih poduzeća prema ostvarenom ukupnom prihodu, segmentiranih po prevladavajućem obli-ku svoje djelatnosti. Cilj je da se (ma koliko to bilo teško) zajedno prikažu tvrtke sličnog profi la. Iz-

ća u odnosu na ostale informatičke tvrtke, uoč-ljiv je znatno brži rast tih pokazatelja najboljih 100 IT tvrtki. Njihov je prihod rastao za 14,4 po-sto u odnosu na 10,4 posto kod preostalih IT po-duzeća. Njihova je dobit povećana za 17,9 posto u usporedbi s 16,8 posto, koliko su ostvarila osta-la IT poduzeća. I konačno, top 100 tvrtke ostvari-le su i znatno brži rast zaposlenosti, za 14,2 posto, u usporedbi s 9,5 posto, koliko su zabilježila pre-ostala IT poduzeća. Kada sve saberemo, top 100 su s 42 posto zaposlenih osvarili 73 posto uku-pnog prihoda i 60 posto dobiti ukupne IT indu-strije. To govori o procesu konsolidacije IT sekto-ra, iako i nadaje stoji tvrdnja o razmjerno visokoj usitnjenosti hrvatske IT industrije (kao i o razmjer-no skromnoj veličini i najvećih hrvatskih IT podu-zeća), što bi se u punom svjetlu pokazalo pri rele-vantnim međunarodnim usporedbama ili pak pri sagledavanju mogućnosti da samostalno sudjelu-ju na većim međunarodnim tenderima. No, treba napomenuti da je stupanj koncentracije bitno viši kod trgovaca informatičkom opremom i sastav-ljača osobnih računala u odnosu na sistem inte-gratore i softver vendore. Struktura informatičkih tvrtki prema ukupnom prihodu i broju zaposlenih prikazana je u tablicima 1 i 2.

je Infonet projekt, TIS Grupa je kupila Orku, In2 je stekao većinski udjel u Info Opusu i Igei, Re-cro-net je kupio Dignus, a slovenski SRC.SI Nove tehnologije, dok je Span napravio menadžerski buyout mađarskog Synergona.

U 2007. godini, u informatičku industriju uvr-šteno je 1719 tvrtki s 13.250 radnika. U odno-su na prethodnu godinu, broj uključenih tvrtki je povećan za 78, dok je broj zaposlenih pora-stao za 1362. Gledano prema strukturi podu-zeća prema broju zaposlenih, u prošloj je go-dini bilo 15 tvrtki s preko 100 radnika, tri više negoli godinu dana ranije, dok je s preko 50 za-poslenih bilo 38 tvrtki, što je za 17 više nego-li prethodne godine. Broj poduzeća s više od 20 zaposlenih bio je isti kao prethodne godine – 107. Ukupan prihod veći od 50 milijuna kuna zabilježilo je 44 kompanija, tri više negoli go-dinu dana ranije.

Ukupni prihod i broj zaposlenih

Promatrajući kretanja ukupnog prihoda, dobiti i broja zaposlenih skupine 100 najvećih poduze-

Tablica/Table 3a Odnos ukupnog prihoda, dobiti i broja zaposlenih (100 najvećih po ukupnom prihodu 2007. u odnosu na ostale informatičke tvrtke)Revenue, Profi t and Number of Employees (Top 100 by 2007 Revenue Compared to Rest of IT Companies)

Ukupni prihod Revenue

Udio (%)Share (%)

Rast Growth

07/06 (%)

DobitProfi t

Udio (%)Share (%)

Rast Growth

07/06 (%)

Broj zaposlenih# of Emloyees

Udio (%)Share (%)

Rast Growth

07/06 (%)

100 najvećih 9.685.384.158 72,8% 14,4% 547.666.266 60,0% 17,9% 5.595 42,2% 14,2%

Ostali 3.611.894.071 27,2% 10,4% 365.513.363 40,0% 16,8% 7.655 57,8% 9,5%

UKUPNO 13.297.278.229 100,0% 13,3% 913.179.629 100,0% 17,5% 13.250 100,0% 11,5%

83 4TH DIMENSION d.o.o.100 ABC INFORMATIC d.o.o.

42 ADASIT d.o.o.94 ALFA KOMPJUTER d.o.o.47 ALFATEC GROUP d.o.o.74 ALGEBRA d.o.o.

4 ARBOR INFORMATIKA d.o.o.32 B4B d.o.o.97 BANKSOFT d.o.o.48 BBM d.o.o.89 BERNY COMMERCE38 BIRO DATA SERVIS d.o.o.61 BSS POSLOVNI SUSTAVI d.o.o.64 CAMELOT SISTEMI d.o.o.71 CODE-ART d.o.o.3 COMBIS d.o.o.6 COMPING d.o.o.1 COMPUTECH d.o.o.

16 CROZ d.o.o.7 CS COMPUTER SYSTEMS d.o.o.

86 DATENTECHNIK d.o.o.28 DEKOD - TELEKOM d.o.o.13 EFT-USLUGE d.o.o.93 EKOBIT d.o.o.43 EPTA d.o.o.90 ESCENSIO d.o.o.63 EUROCOP d.o.o.50 EUROTRADE d.o.o.12 EXOR INFORMATIČKI INŽENJERING d.o.o.56 GEMICRO d.o.o.54 GISDATA d.o.o.27 GISDATA GRUPA d.o.o.77 HEWLETT-PACKARD d.o.o.14 HG SPOT d.d.

58 HSM INFORMATIKA d.o.o.69 I.S. d.o.o.

8 IBM HRVATSKA d.o.o.53 IGEA d.o.o.15 IN2 d.o.o.37 INCENDO d.o.o.21 INFODOM d.o.o.78 ININ d.o.o.52 INSIG2 d.o.o.81 INTERNET d.o.o.

5 KING ICT d.o.o.25 KODEKS d.o.o.24 KRON d.o.o.26 KSU COMPANY d.o.o.72 LASER LINE d.o.o.96 LIBUSOFT CICOM d.o.o.10 LOGOS d.o.o.31 LOST d.o.o.2 M SAN GRUPA d.d.

84 MANOR INFORMATIKA d.o.o.59 MBU d.o.o.85 MCS d.o.o.57 MEDIA SOFT d.o.o.67 MICROLAB d.o.o.65 MICROLINE d.o.o.11 MICROSOFT HRVATSKA d.o.o.91 MIPS d.o.o.19 MREŽNE TEHNOLOGIJE VERSO d.o.o.9 MULTICOM d.o.o.

73 NETCOM d.o.o.51 NIRVANA d.o.o.40 NORT d.o.o.33 PIS d.o.o.45 POINT d.o.o.

55 POMAK d.o.o.79 POMORSKI CENTAR ZA ELEKTRONIKU d.o.o.88 POSLOVNA INTELIGENCIJA d.o.o.17 PRINTEC CROATIA d.o.o.953976 RAO d.o.o.98 RATHMANN d.o.o.22 RECRO d.d.34 RECRO-NET d.o.o.30 RING DATACOM d.o.o.82 RIS d.o.o.18 S & T HRVATSKA d.o.o.29 SEDAM IT d.o.o.60 SEKOM d.o.o.46 SENSO IS d.o.o.66 SPAN d.o.o.70 SPIN d.o.o.44 STORM COMPUTERS d.o.o.87 SV GROUP d.o.o.75 SYSTEC AUTOMATIZACIJA d.o.o.49 SYSTEMCOM d.o.o.62 TIS - KORISNIČKI INFORMACIJSKI SUSTAVI d.o.o.23 TIS - OBJEKTNI INFORMACIJSKI SUSTAVI d.o.o.

41 TIS GRUPA - TELEMATIČKI INŽENJERING I SOFTWARE d.o.o.

80 VESTIGO d.o.o.20 VIP-DATA d.o.o.92 VIPDATA MULTIMEDIA d.o.o.99 VUGERGRAD d.o.o.68 W.S.P d.o.o.35 WAVE-TECH d.o.o.36 ZAGREB DATA d.o.o.

Abecedni popis po dobiti

9

Ovi pokazatelji unose dodatne elemente za sa-gledavanje relativnog položaja poduzeća unu-tar pojedinog segmenta.

Distributeri su veleprodajna poduzeća koja u cijelosti ili pretežito plasiraju proizvode za daljnju prodaju value added reselerima, de-alerima i maloprodaji, a samo izuzetno kraj-njim korisnicama. U pravilu imaju veliki pro-met, manje marže, brz obrtaj zaliha, a glavna im je značajka učinkovita logistika. Među distributerima, M San Grupa i nadalje učvr-šćuje svoju prevlast. Ukupni prihod tvrke prošle je godine uvećan za daljnjih, visokih 26 posto, što je izuzetan rezultat, posebno kad se uzme u obzir nji-hov vrtoglavi rast zadnjih par godina. Recro, una-toč pada prometa od oko 8 posto, zadržao je dru-go mjesto. Trećeplasirani Vemil, ostvarivši snažan rast prometa od 41 posto, zamijenio je, u odno-su na 2006-tu, mjesto s Eurotradeom, čiji je pak prihod u prošloj godini stagnirao. Megatrend je s 10 posto rasta zadržao peto mjesto na listi. Dis-tributeri koji su povećali svoj ukupni prihod brže od prosjeka skupine u prošloj godini su: Lost, Asbis CR, Vemil, Microline, M San Grupa, Senso Mikro i Elkotech. Treba spomenuti da su se prošle godi-ne značajnije pozicionirala i dva nova distributera koja bi u budućnosti mogla igrati značajnije ulo-ge: New Technology (podružnica Comtrade Gru-pe) i DNS. Kod razmatranja fi nancijskih rezultata distributera treba, međutim, napomenuti da zna-čajan i sve veći dio njihovog prometa otpada na plasman proizvoda potrošačke elektronike (tele-vizori, fotoaparati, pa čak i klima uređaji), kao i da značajan dio prometa ostvaruju izvozom (što po-sebno vrijedi za M San Grupu).

Sistem integratori su poduzeća koja u cijelo-sti ili pretežito pružaju cjelovita, složena i za-htjevna rješenja krajnjim korisnicima temelje-na na specifi čnoj kombinaciji informatičkih usluga i stručnosti u hardveru, softveru i ko-munikacijskoj tehnologiji. Za razliku od 2006. godine, u prošloj su godini vodeći sistem integratori, uzeti zajedno, ostva-rili znatno sporiji rast ukupnog prihoda. Među-tim, vodeći King ICT ponovo je snažno pove-ćao svoj ukupni prihod: za 34 posto, i to nakon rasta od 48 godinu dana ranije. Ostali, koji su uspjeli osvariti dvociftreni rast prometa su: Computech, Apis IT, Exor, Span, Storm Com-puters i CompING. Drugoplasirani Combis za-bilježio je manji pad, a trećerangirani S&T Hr-vatska rast od skromnih 4 posto, dok su IBM, CS Computer Systems, ECS i Infosistem ostva-rili manji promet negoli u 2006. godini. Nove tvrtke među 15 najvećih sistem integratora u prošloj godni su Span i Rectro-net. Treba na-pomenuti da u tablici više nema tvrtke GBS-IT, koja je prestala postojati (nakon akvizicije Plive od strane Barr Farmaceuticals).

Softverska poduzeća (software vendors) uklju čuju tvrtke koje pretežiti dio ukupnog prihoda ostvaruju plasmanom vlastitih soft-verskih proizvoda kao i one koje su specijali-zirane za implementaciju softverskih rješenja. To su globalni igrači kao Microsoft, Oracle i

nom i sastavljanjem računala). Jednostavno, u ovom pregledu ukupni prihod poduzeća se uzima kao cjelina, a ne strukturiran prema tipu djelatno-sti, odnosno proizvodima i uslugama koje podu-zeće pruža. Uz ukupni prihod, ove tablice sadrže i stope rasta ukupnog prihoda u odnosu na prethod-nu godinu kao i ukupni prihod po zaposlenom.

dvojeni su tako distributeri (informatička oprema, komponente i potrošni materijal), sistem inte-gratori, softver vendori i posebno domaći proi-zvođači paketnog softvera i softvera po narudž-bi te asembleri osobnih računala. Vezano uz to, valja napomenuti da se pojedina tvrtka uvršta-va samo u jednu tablicu, iako se u stvarnosti tvrt-ke istodobno bave s više djelatnosti (npr. trgovi-

Tablica / Table 5.1. Distributeri IT opreme, komponenti i potrošnog materijala Distributors of IT Equipment, Components and Consumables

RangRank2007

Rang Rank 2006

Ukupni prihod 2007 (Kn mln)Revenue 2007

(Kn M)

Rast Growth

07/06 (%)

Ukupni prihod po radniku

Revenue per Employee

Ukupni prihod(Kn mln)Revenue

(Kn M) 2006

Broj zaposlenih

# of Employees2007

Broj zaposlenih

# of Employees2006

1 M SAN GRUPA 1 1.820,34 26,1% 7,34 1.443,10 248 1722 RECRO 2 460,99 -7,8% 4,19 500,20 110 993 VEMIL 4 336,79 41,6% 1,64 237,90 205 1554 EUROTRADE 3 254,26 1,3% 1,51 251,10 168 1695 MEGATREND 5 208,15 10,7% 4,43 188,10 47 486 RENOPROM 7 203,58 49,0% 1,55 136,60 131 1177 SENSO MIKRO 6 200,08 24,4% 8,00 160,80 25 248 KSU COMPANY9 MICROLINE 9 160,31 26,1% 3,91 127,10 41 41

10 ASBIS CR11 LOST12 KODEKS 10 84,16 -17,2% 3,24 101,60 26 2513 ELKOTECH14 KVARK15 KONICA MINOLTA 14 58,15 -4,7% 1,16 61,01 50 45

UKUPNO / TOTAL 4.318,63 18,8% 3,50 3.635,21 1.234 1.091

Tablica/Table 5.2. Sistem integratori System Integrators

RangRank2007

Rang Rank 2006


(Kn M)

Rast Growth

07/06 (%)




(Kn M) 2006

Broj zaposlenih

# of Employees2007

Broj zaposlenih

# of Employees2006

1 KING ICT 1 482,27 34,2% 3,35 359,32 144 862 COMBIS 2 327,47 -0,7% 1,64 329,86 200 1643 S&T CROATIA 4 273,08 3,5% 1,87 263,73 146 1064 IBM 5 COMPUTECH6 COMPING 5 174,13 11,2% 3,22 156,54 54 487 APIS-IT 8 159,96 18,5% 0,52 135,01 306 2858 EXOR 9 145,43 38,7% 0,89 104,85 164 1369 CS COMPUTER SYSTEMS 7 95,70 -29,4% 1,57 135,58 61 58

10 HP11 STORM COMPUTERS12 ECS 13 INFOSISTEM 12 71,56 -7,7% 0,80 77,55 90 8714 SPAN n.u. 65,27 12,2% 1,42 58,16 46 5415 RECRO-NET n.u. 63,64 8,8% 2,36 58,48 27 70

UKUPNO/TOTAL 2.507,5 6,0% 1,56 2.366,4 1.605 1.437

Tablica/Table 5.3. Softver vendoriSoftware Vendors

RangRank2007

Rang Rank 2006


(Kn M)

Rast Growth

07/06 (%)




(Kn M) 2006

Broj zaposlenih

# of Employees2007

Broj zaposlenih

# of Employees2006

1 ORACLE2 MICROSOFT 2 79,18 1,3% 1,62 78,18 49 413 INFODOM 5 75,16 20,9% 0,85 62,17 88 844 IN2 7 55,44 21,2% 0,42 45,75 132 1155 PERPETUUM MOBILE 4 55,11 -11,5% 1,34 62,30 41 326 B4B7 CROZ n.u. 48,37 110,1% 0,70 23,02 69 508 ALFATEC GROUP 10 41,64 43,7% 1,67 28,98 25 259 SAP 3 39,38 -37,9% 1,88 63,46 21 15

10 DEKOD TELEKOM n.u. 35,51 164,8% 2,96 13,41 12 1111 GISDATA12 LOGOS 11 33,97 20,6% 1,00 28,17 34 2913 SV GROUP 9 29,00 -1,0% 1,93 29,28 15 1314 TIS OIS 13 28,49 65,8% 0,46 17,18 62 4815 MULTICOM

UKUPNO/TOTAL 722,68 16,4% 0,99 620,91 730 626

10

SAP i domaće kuće usmjerene na proizvodnju i implementaciju softvera.Globalni vendori Oracle i Microsoft zadržali su vodeća mjesta, uz relativno skroman rast pri-hoda. Infodom na trećem mjestu i In2 na če-tvrtom, ostvarivši brži rast od prosjeka skupine i ukupne industrije, popravili su svoj položaj u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Novouključeni u skupinu 15 najvećih po prometu su CROZ, De-kod telekom i Multicom, svi s izuzetno visokom rastom prometa u prošloj godini. Uz ovu tablicu naslanja se i tablica koja rangira samo domaće proizvođaće gotovih softverskih aplikacija i aplikacija po narudžbi, kako bi se po-kazao relativni značaj lokalne ponude softvera.

PC asembleri su tvrtke kojima je pretežita dje-latnosti sastavljanje i plasman osobnih računala. Ovdje treba napomenuti da su neka od poduzeća svrstanih u skupinu distributera također i značaj-ni PC asembleri koji bi se po broju sastavljenih ra-čunala mogli uvrstiti u sam vrh ove kategorije. Tu se prvenstveno misli na M San Grupu, Vemil, Eu-rotrade, Kvark i Microline. Vodeći trojac iz prethodne godine HG Spot, Autronic Computers i Ventex zadržali su svo-je pozicije, s time da su prva dva zabilježila iz-nadprosječan rast, dok je prihod Ventexa ne-znatno umanjen. Links je ponovno snažno uvećao svoj promet, za čak 37 posto, i zami-jenio se na četvrtom mjestu s Feniks kompu-jutorima. Velike razlike u apsolutnom iznosu u ukupnom prihodu kao i ostvarene stope ra-sta prometa između prvih pet-šest poduzeća i ostalih svjedoči da je konsolidacija kod ove skupine informatičkih poduzeća pri kraju. U ze-mlji danas ima desetak ozbiljnijih asemblera, a i oni kao cjelina iz godine u godinu gube na tr-žišnom udjelu u korist međunarodnih proizvo-đača brand name računala.

Sažetak

Hrvatska informatička industrija ostvarila je u 2007. godini ukupni prihod od 13,3 mili-jarde i dobit prije poreza 913 milijuna kuna. Udio uključenih 1719 informatičkih poduzeća s 13.250 zaposlenih u ukupnom prihodu gos-podarstava (bez banaka i osiguravatelja) bio je 2,0 posto, u dobiti 2,1 posto i 1,5 posto u uku-pnom broju zaposlenih. Informatička industrija u prošloj je godini rasla sporije od rasta gospo-darstva, a s obzirom na okolnosti za očekivati je da će isti slučaj biti i ove godine. Jesu li takvi rezultati zadovoljavajući? To ovisi o postavljenim ciljevima te željenom mjestu i ulozi informatičke industrije u naco-nalnom gospodarstvu. O tome bi, naravno, trebali reći svoje nosioci ekonomske politike i planeri. No jedno je sigurno, ovakvim tem-pom razvoja informatičke industrije, Hrvatska se presporo približava Europi, a cilj postizanja prosječne IT potrošnje od 25 eura po stanov-niku u srednjoročnom razdoblju ostaje tek že-lja. Za to bi, po nekim izračunima, informatička industrija trebala rasti po prosječnoj godišnjoj stopi od oko 20 posto godišnje.

Tablica/Table 5.4. Lokalni proizvođaći softvera (gotove aplikacije i softverska rješenja po narudžbi)Local Software Companies (Packaged Software and Software Customization)

RangRank2007

Rang Rank 2006


(Kn M)

Rast Growth

07/06 (%)




(Kn M) 2006

Broj zaposlenih

# of Employees2007

Broj zaposlenih

# of Employees2006

1 INFODOM 1 75,16 20,9% 0,85 62,17 88 842 IN2 2 55,44 21,2% 0,42 45,75 132 1153 DEKOD TELEKOM 13 35,51 164,6% 2,96 13,42 12 114 GISDATA5 LOGOS 5 33,97 20,6% 1,00 28,17 34 296 SV GROUP 4 29,00 -1,0% 1,93 29,28 15 137 TIS OIS 7 28,49 65,8% 0,46 17,18 62 488 TIS KIS n.u. 23,51 206,1% 1,47 7,68 16 159 ECSAT 12 21,49 57,0% 0,54 13,69 40 37

10 POMAK11 PIS 6 19,31 -4,9% 0,47 20,31 41 4112 AVL-AST 9 19,07 15,6% 0,33 16,49 58 4913 BBM14 JADRAN INFORMATIKA15 VESTIGO 11 15,04 0,1% 0,33 15,03 45 43

UKUPNO/TOTAL 413,53 19,3% 0,70 346,69 587 596

Tablica/Table 5.5. PC asembleriPC Assemblers

RangRank2007

Rang Rank 2006


(Kn M)

Rast Growth

07/06 (%)




(Kn M) 2006

Broj zaposlenih

# of Employees2007

Broj zaposlenih

# of Employees2006

1 HG SPOT2 AUTRONIC COMPUTERS 2 70,05 25,3% 1,71 55,89 41 373 VENTEX 3 46,02 -2,1% 1,39 47,01 33 284 LINKS 5 38,23 37,0% 1,27 27,90 30 205 FENIKS KOMPJUTORI 4 37,30 -8,9% 1,70 40,96 22 216 PROCESOR RAČUNALA 6 24,51 15,5% 1,23 21,22 20 167 FIST8 COMEL 8 18,15 4,8% 1,07 17,32 17 179 NETCOM 7 17,71 -4,5% 0,59 18,55 30 29

10 MELCOMP11 ZIT12 ŠMIT ELEKTRONIKA13 FORMEL14 LAB 200015 NOBILIS INFORMATIKA

UKUPNO/TOTAL 736,65 12,0% 1,73 657,94 427 354

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007-20,0%

-10,0%

0,0%

10,0%

20,0%

30,0%

40,0%

50,0%

GospodarstvoIT industrija

Godina

Stop

a ra

sta

(%)

* Podaci ne obuhvaćaju promet Microsoftove zajednice u Hrvatskoj.

** Ukupni prihodi tvrtke GISDATA odnose se samo na prihode od poslovanja GISDATA d.o.o. Za-greb odnosno tvrtkinog poslovanja u Hrvatskoj. Prihodi od GISDATA GRUPE, odnosno prihodi GISDATA d.o.o. Zagreba skupa sa prihodima ostalih 6 članica GISDATA u inozemstvu, u 2007 g. iznosili su 102,334 mil kn., prije konsolidacije. Prema hrvatskom poreznom pravu, konsolidacija (proces izračuna prihoda bez internih prihoda unutar GISDATA GRUPE) za 2007. g. radi se tek u rujnu 2008 g, kada se očekuju konačni konsolidirani prihodi GISDATA GRUPE.

11

Povećanje udjela znanja u novoostvarenoj vrijednosti je glavno obilježje prijelaza iz industrijskog doba u novu ekonomiju koja se još i naziva eko-nomijom znanja (knowledge economy), jer su informacije i znanje ključni čimbenik poslovnog uspjeha: znati što, znati kako, znati gdje i znati kada (know-what, know-how, know-where, know- when).

Ključni je izazov ekonomije 21. stoljeća defi niranje, upravljanje, mjerenje, unapređivanje i vrednovanje znanja i njegova ekonomski relevantnog pojavnog oblika, intelektualnog kapitala.Drugi popularni pristup za unapređenje organizacijskih performansi je koncepcija Balanced Scorecard koju su razvili američki stručnjaci Nor-ton i Kaplan. Koncepcija Balanced Scorecard odnosi se na integraciju

- fi nancijskih kategorija (što o nama misle naši dioničari?)- internih procesa (koje poslovne procese moramo unaprijediti?)- klijenata (što o nama misle klijenti?)- učenja i rasta (na koji način ćemo se mijenjati i poboljšavati?)

sa strategijom i vizijom poduzeća.

Obje su koncepcije značajno unaprijedile naše razmišljanje o stvara-nju nove ekonomske vrijednosti i mjerenju organizacijskih performan-si. Obje su nastale spontano, potaknute prirodnim nagonom da se uoči, shvati i izmjeri organizacijska dinamika skrivena u pozadini raznih fi nan-cijskih izvještaja i pokazatelja.Danas se u svijetu primjenjuje ukupno 25 metoda, koje su više ili ma-nje usmjerene na mjerenje intelektualnog kapitala. Te metode na ra-zličite načine prate, pojašnjavaju i mjere intelektualni kapital te razvi-jaju vlastite sustave upravljanja nematerijalnom odnosno prikrivenom imovinom, od kojih su najpoznatije: EVA (Economic Value Added – eko-nomska dodana vrijednost), RA (Human Resource Accounting – raču-novodstvo ljudskih resursa).Doprinos razvoju mjerenja intelektualnog kapitala dala je i Hrvatska jer Centar za intelektualni kapital* već 10-ak godina prati uspješnost po-

Uvod:Nova vremena stručnjaci nazivaju različitim imenima: nematerijalna ekonomija, ekonomija znanja, ekonomija iskustva, ekonomija ideja itd. Bez obzira kako ju nazivali, nova ekonomija zahtijeva usvajanje potpu-no novih pravila poslovanja i korjenito preispitivanje korporativnih vri-jednosti i poslovnih modela. U međuvremenu su se razvili novi pristupi stvaranju vrijednosti kao na primjer: 1. Intelektualni kapital (intellectual kapital), 2. Dodana vrijednost znanja (knowledge value added), 3. Sustav uravnoteženih ciljeva (balanced scorecards).

INTELEKTUALNI KAPITAL I KAKO GA MJERITI

Izraz „intelektualni” označava da je izvor tog kapitala intelekt tj. zna-nje u različitim oblicima, a susrećemo se s njegova dva pojavna oblika:

• Materijalni u obliku planova, nacrta, patenata, licenci, baza podataka, priručnika, poslovnika, korporacijskih stan-darda, kompjutorskih programa itd. (Explicit Knowledge).

• Nematerijalni koji je u glavama zaposlenih (znanje, vizi-je, sposobnost djelovanja, rješavanja problema, leadership, kultura, iskustvo…), a u literaturi se naziva skriveno znanje (Tacit Knowledge) (Karmen Jelčić, 2004.).

Za uspješno upravljanje intelektualnim kapitalom, učinak svojeg inte-lektualnog kapitala poduzetnici ne smiju samo promatrati već ga tre-baju i mjeriti. Istraživači i praktičari koji su prepoznali vrijednost kapita-la, razvijaju danas različite načine njegova mjerenja i upravljanja njime (Kolaković, 2006).Nova ekonomija znanja nameće radikalno novi pristup u istraživanju vrijed-nosti pojedinih kompanija. Počinjemo shvaćati da se istinska vrijednost krije u elementima koji nisu vidljivi u tradicionalnoj bilanci stanja i računu dobiti i gubitka. Činjenica da se kompanije prodaju po cijeni znatno višoj od knjigo-vodstvene vrijednosti zorno ukazuje na značaj nematerijalne imovine.Pojam i potreba razumijevanja nematerijalne imovine dramatično je una-prijeđena sredinom 80-ih godina prošlog stoljeća, kada je Karl-Eric Sveiby predstavio svoju koncepciju „nematerijalne imovine” menadžerima u sje-vernoj Europi i Skandinaviji. Otada do danas pojavile su se različite meto-de praćenja, pojašnjavanja, mjerenja i upravljanja tom prikrivenom imo-vinom. Jedna od njih se odnosi na Intelektualni kapital, pristup kojeg su razvili Karl-Erik Sveiby i Leif Edvinsson. Nekako u isto vrijeme, u SAD-u su Norton i Kaplan razvili koncepciju Balanced Scorecard.Potencijalni investitori uglavnom na temelju intuicije procjenjuju fi nan-cijski kapital kompanije u budućnosti i to na temelju „nematerijalnih ka-tegorija” kao što su:

• konkurentna pozicija • menadžerska praksa• podaci o rastu • kompetencije djelatnika• imidž brenda • odnosi • potencijal za inoviranje, • kupci• sposobnost ulaženja u partnerske odnose s drugim kompanijama

prof. dr. Ante Pulićdipl. oecc. Dragutin Kovačić

Efi kasnost intelektualnog kapitala – pokazatelj uspješnosti poslovanja

Intelektualni kapital u ekonomiji znanja

Približavanjem Hrvatske Europskoj uniji, u javnosti su sve prisutnije teme „društva znanja” poput obrazovanja, znanosti, inovacija, in-formatizacije, bolonjskog procesa, cjeloživotnog obrazovanja itd.. Ministarstvo znanosti je 2001. godine donijelo program Hrvatskog inovacijskoga tehnološkog razvitka (HITRA), a Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti 2002. godine je usvojila Deklaraciju o znanju. Deklaracija polazi od postavke da zemlja, rad i kapital više nisu pre-vladavajući čimbenici proizvodnje. „Vodeću ulogu u postindustrij-skom razvoju ima čovjekovo znanje, stečeno proučavanjem onoga što postoji i osmišljavanjem onoga što dolazi”. Znanje postaje naj-važniji čimbenik proizvodnje i strateški resurs na kojem se temelji rast i razvoj (Branimir Krištofi ć, 2005.).

12

pokazatelja poslovanja može zaključiti da tvrtka dobro posluje, da pri-mjerice ima dobru stopu rasta, ostvaruje dobre prihode i dobit – dok to, s druge strane, ne znači da stvara i dodanu vrijednost dok se ne izmjeri i utvrdi efi kasnost intelektualnog kapitala. Korištenjem ove metode mo-žemo dobiti sljedeće informacije i pokazatelje:• o vrijednosti intelektualnog kapitala (IC)• o visini dodane vrijednosti (VA)• o korištenju humanog (HC) i strukturalnog kapitala (SC)• o korištenju fi zičkog i fi nancijskog kapitala (CE)• o efi kasnosti humanog kapitala (HCE)• o efi kasnosti strukturalnog kapitala (SCE)• o efi kasnosti intelektualnog kapitala (ICE)• o efi kasnosti korištenog fi zičkog i fi nancijskog kapitala (CEE) i• o općoj efi kasnosti stvaranja vrijednosti (VAIC)

Za mjerenje intelektualnog kapitala razvijena su dva softvera koje naše tvrtke mogu mogu pribaviti (instalira ih FINA u suradnji s Centrom za intelektualni kapital):

1. VAIC™ (Value Added Intellectual Coeffi cient) koji se koristi za ana-lizu stvaranja vrijednosti i efi kasnosti tvrtke.

2. PIKA™ je softver paket kojim se najprije procjenjuje stanje intelek-tualnog kapitala u tvrtki, a nakon toga se koristi za njegovo unapre-đenje.

Karakteristike mjerenja po navedenoj metodi možemo ukratko opisa-ti na sljedeći način:• to je sustav za praćenje sposobnosti tvrtke u stvaranju vrijednosti• daje snimku postojećeg stanja i locira kritična mjesta • analizira slabe i jake točke na temelju upitnika• uključuje materijalne i nematerijalne čimbenike • fokus je na stvaranju vrijednosti odnosno izračunava dodanu

vrijednost i efi kasnost resursa uz kontrolu troškova• koristi dva softverska paketa i• promiče problematiku ekonomije znanja i pomaže u

postizanju konkurentnosti u kontekstu nove ekonomije

Primjena metode VAIC na izračun efi kasnosti intelektualnog kapi-tala informatičkih i telekomunikacijskih tvrtkiKoristeći metodu VAIC izračunali smo dodanu vrijednost (VA) i efi kasnost intelektualnog kapitala (ICE) za 100 najuspješnijih hrvatskih informatičkih tvrtki i 50 najuspješnijih telekomunikacijskih tvrtke s tim da je pokazatelj ICE po prvi puta prikazan u popisu najuspješnijih tvrtki iz navedenih dje-latnosti kao jedan od pokazatelja uspješnosti. U nastavku teksta daje se prikaz podataka o dodanoj vrijednosti i efi kasnosti intelektualnog kapitala najuspješnijih informatičkih i telekomunikacijskih tvrtki u 2007. godini.

INFORMATIKA

slovanja hrvatskih tvrtki prema vrijednosti intelektualnog kapitala – VA-ICTM (Value-Added Intellectual Capital). Ta je metoda našla praktičnu primjenu u mnogim hrvatskim tvrtkama. Centar za intelektualni kapi-tal u suradnji s Hrvatskom gospodarskom komorom te uz fi nancijsku potporu Ministarstva gospodarstva, počeo je krajem 2005. g. provoditi program pod nazivom „Akcija povećavanja efi kasnosti nacionalno-ga intelektualnoga kapitala” (APENIK) kojemu je cilj jačanje konku-rentne sposobnosti hrvatskoga gospodarstva te njegova transformacija prema ciljevima EU odnosno prema ekonomiji znanja. Realizacija, im-plementacija programa APENIK u mnogim je tvrtkama u tijeku, a od početka 2008. ovaj se program implementira pod novim nazivom i to u okviru poslovne suradnje Centra za intelektualni kapital i FINA-e. Ta je suradnja više nego očekivana s obzirom da FINA objedinjavanjem poda-taka iz registara koje vodi te dugom tradicijom u njihovoj obradi može dati brzu analizu rezultata poslovanja hrvatskog gospodarstva. Po metodologiji za mjerenje intelektualnog kapitala, osim intelektualnog kapitala tvrtke, ocjenjuje se i uspješnost intelektualnog kapitala tvrtki na nacionalnoj i županijskoj razini. Ta se uspješnost predstavlja kroz publika-cije pod nazivom „Intelektualni kapital – uspješnost na nacionalnoj, župa-nijskoj i poduzetničkoj razini” i to na osnovi podataka iz informacijskog su-stava FINA-e. Izvjesno je da upravljanje intelektualnim kapitalom može pridonijeti konkurentskoj prednosti, podizanju produktivnosti i povećanju tržišne vrijednosti – ono tada nije izbor, nego potreba. Stoga nije pitanje „treba li” nego „kako” upravljati intelektualnim kapitalom.Cilj poslovanja svake tvrtke je da raste i dugoročno stvara vrijednost. No problem je što tradicionalni pokazatelji uspješnosti poslovanja kao što su porast ukupnoga prihoda, tržišnog udjela, tehnološko vodstvo, cash fl ow i profi t, zapravo ne pružaju sve potrebne informacije o tome stva-raju li tvrtke vrijednost za dioničare i vlasnike ili ne. Tek onda kada tvrt-ka stvara više od onoga što je uloženo u resurse, može se govoriti o stva-ranju vrijednosti. Dioničarima je stoga u interesu da poslovna strategija bude usmjerena k tom cilju i da mjerni sustavi odražavaju sposobnost menadžmenta da taj cilj i ostvari.Procesi planiranja i odlučivanja moraju biti usmjereni prema stvaranju vrijednosti, a odgovornost i odlučivanje treba spustiti na sve niže razi-ne, budući se vrijednost stvara i uništava ujedno na najvišim ali i na naj-nižim razinama. U procesu unapređenja efi kasnosti stvaranja vrijednosti treba mobilizirati sav raspoloživ intelektualni potencijal tvrtke kako bi se stvorila najveća vrijednost (za dioničare i vlasnike).Cilj svake tvrtke je da tacitno (prešutno, neopaženo), nematerijalno znanje pretvori u materijalno, eksplicitno znanje, koje tada predstavlja vlasništvo tvrtke i nije otuđivo. (Karmen Jelčić, 2004). Sve ono što čini vrijednost tvrtke možemo slikovito prikazati sljedećim prikazom:

Slika 1. Komponente materijalne i nematerijalne imovine

Dakle, iz svega navedenoga proizlazi potreba mjerenja intelektualnog kapitala, odnosno dobivanje informacije o tome stvara li tvrtka vrijed-nost ili ju razara. Ova metoda uzima u obzir i materijalne i nematerijalne čimbenike što smatramo kvalitetom ove metode jer se iz tradicionalnih

100 najboljih informatičkih tvrtki prema uspješnosti ICE po županijama

-1,00

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

ZG PG PS BS SD IS DN ME GZ

ICE_2006 ICE_2007

Cilj svake tvrtke je da tacitno (prešutno, neopaženo), nematerijalno znanje pretvori u materijalno, eksplicitno znanje, koje tada predstavlja vlasništvo tvrtke i nije otuđivo

(Kratice naziva županija: ZG - Zagrebačka, PG – Primorsko goranska, PS – Po-žeško slavonska, BS – Brodsko posavska, SD – Splitsko dalmatinska – IS – Istar-ska, DN – Dubrovačko neretvanska, ME – Međimurska, GZ – Grad Zagreb)

13

Iz navedenog je primjera vidljivo da je najveća koncentracija informa-tičkih tvrtki, njih čak 78%, na području županije Grad Zagreb, dok je u ostalim županijama taj broj gotovo zanemariv. Dodana vrijednost prvih 100 informatičkih tvrtki povećana je 19,8%, a efi kasnost intelektualnog kapitala pala je za 2,3%, dok je efi kasnost intelektualnog kapitala svih poduzetnika RH pala za 1,4%. Na ukupnu efi kasnosti intelektualnog ka-pitala najviše je utjecao pad efi kasnosti tvrtki iz Požeško – slavonske žu-panije, što se moglo i očekivati i iz Istarske županije, što je za neke vjeru-jemo, svojevrsno iznenađenje.Dodana vrijednost tvrtki koje posluju na području županije Grad Zagre-ba povećana je za 20,4% u odnosu na prošlu godinu, a efi kasnost inte-lektualnog kapitala je u padu za 1,8% odnosno, s 2,54 (koliko je efi ka-snost intelektualnog kapitala iznosila u 2006-oj) pala je na 2,48 u 2007. godini. Do pada efi kasnosti intelektualnog kapitala došlo je zbog sma-njenja efi kasnosti humanog kapitala koja je u 2007. godini pala za 2 po-stotna boda (na jednu kunu uloženu u zaposlene stvoreno je 0,9 kuna), što znači da je uz povećanje izdvajanja za zaposlene došlo do smanjenja njihove efi kasnosti u stvaranju vrijednosti.

ZAKLJUČAK

Intelektualni kapital predstavlja zbir znanja, vještina i sposobnosti zapo-slenih unutar poduzeća (ljudski kapital), kao i ostale neopipljive imovine poduzeća – organizacijske strukture, patenata, licenci itd. (strukturalni kapital) te odnosa s potrošačima i dobavljačima (kapital klijenata).Danas više nije pitanje što neko poduzeće posjeduje, već što ono zna i može učiniti. Suvremeno poduzetništvo postaje sve više znanjem-in-tenzivno, a sve manje kapitalno-intenzivno. Cilj svake tvrtke je da tacit-no, nematerijalno znanje pretvori u materijalno, eksplicitno znanje koje

Nova ekonomija znanja nameće korjenito novi pristup u istraživanju vrijednosti pojedinih kompanija. Počinjemo shvaćati da se istinska vrijednost krije u elementima koji nisu vidljivi u tradicionalnoj bilanci stanja te računu dobiti i gubitka. Činjenica da se kompanije prodaju po cijeni znatno višoj od knjigovodstvene vrijednosti zorno ukazuje na značaj nematerijalne imovine.tada predstavlja vlasništvo tvrtke i nije otuđivo. Zbog toga je ovladava-nje znanjem srž i presudan kriterij za uspjeh poduzetnika, njihovih podu-zeća i nacionalne ekonomije u cjelini.Sustav intelektualnog kapitala nužno je implementirati na hrvatsko trži-šte jer će se na taj način stvoriti preduvjeti da hrvatski gospodarstvenici razvijaju proizvode i usluge s dodanom vrijednošću.

Mjerenje intelektualnog kapitala možete povjeriti FINA-i koja je u svoj proizvodni asortiman implementirala metodu IC Rating™, kao vlasnik licence za mjerenje po metodi IC Rating™ u suradnji sa švedskom tvrt-kom ICAB, i metodu prof. dr. Ante Pulića, u suradnji s Centrom za inte-lektualni kapital.Zašto? Zato jer ako tvrtke nemaju pravu sliku stanja u kojem se nalaze, nemaju ni priliku da krenu dalje (cit. Porter).

* Centar za intelektualni kapital, d.o.o. od 2000 godine djeluje kao jedina tvrtka u RH koja se bavi isključivo unapređenjem intelektualnog kapitala i to na svim razi-nama, od kompanijske do regionalne i nacionalne. Koncept na kojem je bazirano povećavanje efi kasnosti intelektualnog kapitala ima svjetsko priznanje a prove-den je mnogim hrvatskim tvrtkama.

1 4TH DIMENSION d.o.o. 2,53 2,35

2 ABC INFORMATIC d.o.o. 1,70 1,82

3 ADASIT d.o.o. 7,24 7,11

4 ADEPTUS d.o.o.

5 ALFA KOMPJUTER d.o.o. 1,31 2,91

6 ALFATEC GROUP d.o.o. 2,29 2,37

7 ALGEBRA d.o.o.

8 APIS - IT d.o.o. 2,23 2,06

9 ARBOR INFORMATIKA d.o.o.

10 ARIES d.o.o. 1,59 0,88

11 ASBIS-CR d.o.o.

12 AUTRONIC COMPUTERS d.o.o. 1,48 1,46

13 AVL-AST d.o.o. 1,10 1,08

14 B4B 1,49 1,61

15 BANKSOFT d.o.o.

16 BBM d.o.o.

17 BERNY COMMERCE

18 BIRO DATA SERVIS d.o.o. 2,76 1,87

19 BIROTEHNA d.o.o.

20 BSS POSLOVNI SUSTAVI d.o.o.

21 BUBA d.o.o.

22 CAMELOT SISTEMI d.o.o.

23 CODE-ART d.o.o.

24 COMBIS d.o.o. 2,21 2,14

25 COMEL d.o.o. 1,29 1,49

26 COMPING d.o.o. 5,23 5,82

27 COMPUTECH d.o.o.

28 CROZ d.o.o.

29 CS COMPUTER SYSTEMS d.o.o. 5,32 4,14

30 DATENTECHNIK d.o.o. 3,12 3,07

31 DEKOD - TELEKOM d.o.o. 3,01 6,53

32 DINARID d.o.o. 5,40 5,20

33 DNS d.o.o.

34 ECSAT d.o.o. 1,24 1,39

35 EFT-USLUGE d.o.o. 7,22 7,64

36 EKOBIT d.o.o. 1,67 1,69

37 ELKOTECH d.o.o.

38 ELMA KURTALJ d.o.o. 2,03 1,76

39 EPTA d.o.o. 2,39 1,94

40 ESCENSIO d.o.o. 3,05 3,71

41 ESYS d.o.o.

42 EUROCOMPUTER SYSTEMS d.o.o.

43 EUROCOP d.o.o. 3,53 3,42

44 EUROTRADE d.o.o. 2,09 1,84

45 EXOR INFORMATIČKI INŽENJERING d.o.o. 3,12 3,07

46 FENIKS-KOMPJUTORI d.o.o. 1,61 -0,13

47 FIST d.o.o.

48 FORNAX INFORMATIKA d.o.o. 9,25 1,72

49 GEMICRO d.o.o. 2,89 3,64

50 GISDATA d.o.o.

51 GISDATA GRUPA d.o.o.

52 HEWLETT-PACKARD d.o.o.

53 HG SPOT d.d.

54 HSM INFORMATIKA d.o.o. 2,86 2,82

55 I.S. d.o.o.

56 IBM HRVATSKA d.o.o.

57 IGEA d.o.o. 2,19 2,65

58 IN2 d.o.o. 1,65 2,20

59 INCENDO d.o.o.

60 INFODOM d.o.o. 3,74 4,44

61 INFOSISTEM d.d. 1,55 1,33

62 ININ d.o.o. 2,85 3,20

63 INSIG2 d.o.o.

64 INTEGRA GROUP d.o.o. 1,65 1,38

65 INTERNET d.o.o.

66 ISA HARDWARE d.o.o.

67 KING ICT d.o.o. 4,09 3,51

68 KODEKS d.o.o. 6,24 4,49

69 KONICA MINOLTA HRVATSKA d.o.o. 1,59 1,19

70 KRON d.o.o. 2,20 2,29

71 KSU COMPANY d.o.o.

72 KVARK d.o.o.

73 LAMA D.O.O 1,46 1,56

74 LASER LINE d.o.o. 2,58 2,19

75 LIBUSOFT CICOM d.o.o.

76 LINKS d.o.o. 0,91 0,98

77 LOGOS d.o.o. 3,47 3,46

78 LOST d.o.o.

79 M SAN GRUPA d.d. 5,08 4,72

80 MAKROMIKRO d.o.o. 1,79 1,60

81 MANOR INFORMATIKA d.o.o. 2,75 3,20

82 MBU d.o.o. 3,23 2,16

83 MCS d.o.o.

84 MEDIA SOFT d.o.o. 5,98 5,66

85 MEĐIMURJE IPC d.d. 1,49 1,33

86 MEGATREND d.o.o. 1,52 1,48

87 MEGATREND POSLOVNA RJEŠENJA d.o.o. 1,33 1,30

88 MICROLAB d.o.o.

89 MICROLINE d.o.o. 2,43 2,43

90 MICROSOFT HRVATSKA d.o.o. 2,40 2,04

91 MIKRONIS d.o.o. 2,84 1,24

92 MIPS d.o.o. 2,42 2,20

93 MREŽNE TEHNOLOGIJE VERSO d.o.o. 5,38 5,21

94 MULTICOM d.o.o.

95 NETCOM d.o.o. 2,83 2,71

96 NEW TECHNOLOGY d.o.o. 1,36 1,17

97 NIRVANA d.o.o.

98 NORT d.o.o. 9,58 11,00

99 OPTIMA OSN INŽINJERING d.o.o. 1,37 1,74

100 OPTIMAL SISTEMI d.o.o. -0,74 1,75

101 ORACLE HRVATSKA d.o.o.

102 PERPETUUM MOBILE d.o.o. 1,24 1,17

103 PIS d.o.o. 1,49 1,11

104 POINT d.o.o. 4,11 3,35

105 POMAK d.o.o.

106 POMORSKI CENTAR ZA ELEKTRONIKU d.o.o. 2,08 1,25

107 POSLOVNA INTELIGENCIJA d.o.o. 2,55 2,03

108 POWERCOM SISTEMI d.o.o. -3,31 1,15

109 PRINTEC CROATIA d.o.o.

110 PROCESOR RAČUNALA d.o.o. 2,78 3,29

111

112

113 RAO d.o.o. 3,60 3,57

114 RATHMANN d.o.o. 2,76 3,64

115 RECRO d.d. 3,30 2,11

116 RECRO-NET d.o.o. 2,93 2,12

117 RENOPROM d.o.o. 2,07 1,95

118 RING DATACOM d.o.o. 1,60 3,62

119 RIS d.o.o.

120 S & T HRVATSKA d.o.o. 1,78 2,02

121 SAP d.o.o.

122 SEDAM IT d.o.o. 1,93 2,64

123 SEKOM d.o.o.

124 SENSO IS d.o.o. 3,82 2,74

125 SENSO MIKRO d.o.o. 6,84 7,01

126 SPAN d.o.o. 1,58 3,76

127 SPIN d.o.o. 2,07 2,09

128 STORM COMPUTERS d.o.o.

129 SV GROUP d.o.o. 1,10 2,13

130 SYSTEC AUTOMATIZACIJA d.o.o.

131 SYSTEMCOM d.o.o.

132 ŠPICA SUSTAVI d.o.o. 2,87 2,28

133 TEHNIČAR-COPYSERVIS d.o.o. 1,50 1,65

134 TEPEDE d.o.o.

135 TIS - KORISNIČKI INFORMACIJSKI SUSTAVI d.o.o. 1,61 2,15

136 TIS - OBJEKTNI INFORMACIJSKI SUSTAVI d.o.o. 2,00 2,57

137 TIS GRUPA - TELEMATIČKI INŽENJERING I SOFTWARE d.o.o. 1,50 1,80

138 VEMIL d.o.o. 1,56 1,65

139 VENTEX d.o.o. 2,18 1,96

140 VESTIGO d.o.o. 1,64 1,66

141 VIP-DATA d.o.o. 4,11 5,79

142 VIPDATA MULTIMEDIA d.o.o. 4,03

143 VUGERGRAD d.o.o. 3,17 3,15

144 W.S.P d.o.o.

145 WAVE-TECH d.o.o.

146 ZAGREB DATA d.o.o.

Rbr. Tvrtka / Company ICE06 ICE07 Rbr. Tvrtka / Company ICE06 ICE07 Rbr. Tvrtka / Company ICE06 ICE07 Rbr. Tvrtka / Company ICE06 ICE07

14

• The companies achieved a turnover in 2007 greater than 100 thousand kuna and employed at least one person.

Important Notes Regarding the Scope

When viewing the results by the Croatian IT industry, the following essential factors are to be taken into consideration:

Large but not included: This overview does not include companies that achieve signifi cant reve-nue from IT activity, but whose primary activity is not IT business. This especially relates to Sie-mens and Ericsson Nikola Tesla, as well as FINA which is in private ownership. Importantly, the stated companies do participate signifi cantly in the IT industry (according to IDC, the Siemens division Siemens IT Solutions and Services leads the list as a provider of IT services in the coun-try, while the other two companies are amongst the top ten), and also included are a number of companies from the telecommunications sector. We estimate that by including achieved revenue from the three stated companies for the previ-

seen in the previous year. On the other hand, the catalyst in the IT market last year lies in intensi-ve investments in the telecommunications sector and a continuation of investments by the fi nanci-al sector in complex IT solutions and applications, IT projects fi nanced by EU funds and a strong de-mand by companies and households relating to the transition from desktop to laptops.

Scope of the IT Industry

Of the 83,523 companies having submitted fi -nancial reports for 2007, only IT companies were taken into account. Companies are included that carry out primarily the following activities:

• Offering advice concerning computer equipment,

• Offering advice relating to the procurement of software,

• Data analysis,• Maintenance and repairs to offi ce

equipment and computers,• Other and similar computer activities,• Manufacturing computers and other

equipment used for data analysis,• Wholesale of offi ce machines

and equipment,

The basic but not essentially only measure is the code for primary business dealings, hence from the obtained group of companies only those not primarily involved in IT activity were left out. Also, the list includes those companies that are registe-red by using another activity code, while most of the total revenue is achieved by IT activity. Con-sequently, there are three basic conditions for de-fi ning the group of IT companies:

• The company has submitted a fi -nancial report for 2008,

• The companies are recognized and defi ned as IT companies,

In 2007, total revenue from the IT industry in Croatia reached 13.3 billion kuna while mainta-ining a growth of 13.3 percent compared to the previous year. This however, represents a decre-ase when compared to 2006 where revenue in-creased by 18.8 percent. Consequently, last year the IT industry experienced a 0.3 percent fall in growth of total revenue when compared to the economy (non-fi nancial sector) at large.

Also, an increase in profi t (before tax) for the IT industry did not occur, with 17.5 percent in com-parison to a growth of 19.8 percent achieved by business community at large. At the same time, the number of workers in the IT industry incre-ased by 11.5%, almost twice as fast then in the general economy (6.1 percent). Such business re-sults for the IT industry were achieved regardle-ss of higher growths in national product (5.6 per-cent last year compared to 4.8 percent achieved in 2006) and by 23 percent increase in planned resources for IT investment and consumption in last year’s state budget compared to 2006.

Where then are we to look for reasons for the slow down?

It seems that once again the election year syn-drome was at work, which is in general charac-terized by a stagnation in investments in gov-ernment administration and large government businesses, and which is implied by statements from leaders in the main IT companies. It is indic-ative in such circumstances that total revenue for the 15 largest distributors (commercial traders), as a whole grew by 19 percent, while system inte-grators experienced only a 6 percent increase.

Once again the problem of insolvency appears, while some large projects are postponed. Here, naturally one should take into account the impact of large bases. Relatively large IT projects were implemented in 2006, especially implementa-tion of SAP in INA, a project of proportions not

Source of information: Financial AgencyData analysis: Boris Žitnik

Edition sponsor: INFODOM

In the next issue: Yearly overview of the

telecommunications industry in Croatia InfoTrendTOP50

WHEN VIEWING RESULTS BY THE IT

industry, it is necessary to take into acco-unt that fi nancial business indicators (to-tal revenue, profi t) with their specifi cally expressed power are just one of the indica-tors for monitoring the IT sector in the co-untry. IDC, an analysis company which has for the past ten years been monitoring and analyzing the Croatian ICT market, has for example been measuring the volume of the IT market, and trends in total IT spending by using the value of delivered IT products and services to end users: the business co-mmunity, the government and households. Hence, a twofold or multiple counting of re-venue when goods fl ow in the distribution chain is prevented, or when services are ce-ded to sub-contractors for implementation as well as revenue achieved by exports. Ba-sed on a study by IDC Adriatics, Croatia IT Market 2008-2012 Forecast and 2007 Ven-dor Shares total deliveries, and IT expendi-ture in Croatia in 2007 amounted to 7.6 bi-llion kuna (1.03 billion euros) and grew by 10 percent when compared to 2006. Furt-hermore, expenditure for hardware incre-ased by 14 percent, software by 7 percent and IT services by 6 percent.

It seems that once again the election year syndrome has been at work, which is in general characterized by a stagnation in investments in government administration and large government businesses, and implied by statements from leaders in the main IT companies. The problem of insolvency is occurring once again, and some large projects are being postponed.

15

growth rates for total revenue compared to the previous year as well as total revenue per em-ployee. These indicators introduce additional elements for viewing the relative position of the company within particular segments.

Distributors are wholesale companies which completely or primarily sell products for fur-ther resale to value added resellers, dealers and retail, and only exceptionally to end us-ers. They general have large turnover, smaller margins, rapid circulation of stock, and their main characteristic is effi cient logistics.Amongst the distributers, the M San Group has further consolidated its domination. Total reve-nue by the company last year increased by a fur-ther 26 percent, which is an exceptional result es-pecially when taking into account rapid growth in the past few years. Recro, despite a fall in turn-over of around 8 percent, maintains second place. Thirdly positioned Vemil, has achieved strong growth in turnover at 41 percent and has assumed the position of Eurotrade from 2006, whose reve-nue stagnated last year. Megatrend with a 10 per-cent growth has maintained its fi fth position on the list. Distributors who have increased their to-tal revenue quicker than the group average for the previous year are: Lost, Asbis, CR, Vemil, Microline, M San Group, Senso Mikro and Elkotech. It should be also mentioned that last year two new distrib-utors achieved signifi cant ranking and might in the future play a signifi cant role; New Technology (a subsidiary of Comtrade Group) and DNS.

When considering the fi nancial results of dis-tributors, it should be stated that a signifi cant and increasing proportion of their turnover in-cludes on sales of consumer appliances (tele-visions, cameras, and even air-conditioning units), and the fact that a signifi cant propor-tion of turnover is achieved through exports (especially true for the M San Group).

System integrators are companies that com-pletely or mainly provide complete, complex and demanding solutions to end users based on a specifi c combination of IT services and expertise in hardware, software and commu-nication technology.As opposed to 2006, last year the leading system integrators, taken as a whole achieved signifi cant-ly slower growth in total revenue. However, the leader, King ICT once again strongly increased its total revenue by 34 percent compared to the pre-vious year. The others, who succeeded in achiev-ing double-digit growth in turnover were: Com-putech, Apis IT, Exor, Span, Storm Computers and CompING. Second place went to Combis re-cording a slight decrease, and thirdly ranked S&T Hrvatska recorded a modest growth of 4 percent, while IBM, CS Computer Systems, ECS and Infos-istem recorded a fall in turnover when compared to 2006. New companies amongst the 15 largest system integrators last year were Span and Rec-tronet. It is important to note that the table no longer contains the GBS-IT company anymore, which ceased to exist (following the acquisition of Pliva by Barr Pharmaceuticals).

companies. And fi nally, the top 100 companies achieved a signifi cant growth in the number of employees that is a 14.2 percent increase com-pared to 9.5 percent recorded by the remaining IT companies. In summary, the top 100 compa-nies with 42 percent of employees achieved 73 percent of total revenue and 60 percent of pro-fi t for the whole IT industry. This is a result of the consolidation process of the IT sector, even though the fact remains that a relatively high fragmentation of the Croatian IT industry (as well as a relatively modest size and the largest Croatian IT companies), and which would in due light suggest for relative international compari-sons or when looking into the possibility that such companies independently participate in large international tenders. However, it must be noted that the level of concentration is signifi -cantly higher for commercial traders of IT equ-ipment and assemblers of personal computers compared to system integrators and software vendors. The structure of IT companies based on total revenue and number of employees is shown in tables 1 and 2.

Top 100 Based on Total Revenue and Profi t

Tables 3 and 4 are the result of an analysis of IT companies with the aim of classifi cation accor-ding to total revenue as shown in the fi nancial reports for the 2007 business year.Besides the numbers shown in the column Rank and Company, table 3 contains an addi-tional 12 columns, table 4 an additional 3 co-lumns that provide more information concer-ning their relative position. In addition to the growth rate for the previous year for total reve-nue, profi t and number of employees, the ta-bles show for each company a rank according to profi t and number of employees as well as total revenue, profi t and number of employees in 2007 and 2006.

Who’s Who?

As is already customary, tables 5.1. to 5.5. show ranking of the fi fteen largest IT companies com-pared to total revenue segmented according to the dominant form of activity. The aim (regardle-ss of how hard it is) is to show companies of a si-milar profi le. Distributors (IT equipment, compo-nents and consumption material) are separated, system integrators, software vendors and espe-cially domestic manufacturers of packet softwa-re and software based on orders and assemblers for personal computers. Consequently, it is no-teworthy to mention that particular companies are included in only one table, even though in re-ality the companies simultaneously undertake a number of activities (e.g. trading and assembling of computers). Simply stated, this overview ta-kes into account total revenue of companies ta-ken as a whole, and not structured according to type of activity, product or services delivered by the company.Besides total revenue, these tables contain

ous year, total revenue by the IT industry would increase by over 700 million kuna, while more signifi cant would be the contribution in terms of number of employees since almost 2,000 IT pro-fessionals work in these companies.

Incomparable information concerning glo-bal vendors: Due to different calculation methods and scopes, total revenue by interna-tional IT companies who have offi ces in Croa-tia are not strictly comparable to revenue by domestic companies. For example, total rev-enue by Microsoft Croatia does not comply with the sale of its software products but in-stead business costs by local branch offi ces of this global player. Turnover by local HP branch offi ces includes however IT services, but not hardware which is sold by its partners. Local revenue by IBM also does not completely re-fl ect sales of IBM products in the country.

Unconsolidated data: The tables do not show consolidated revenue by ownership structure re-lated companies, but as separate companies, and information given is presented to FINA. HG Spot and especially companies in its ownership (Senso Mikro, for example), Gisdata and also the Gisdata Group, TIS Group shown in a number of separat-ed units (TI SKIS, TIS OIS) etc. However, last year showed a series of ownership changes in the Cro-atian IT area. The Polish Asseco company became the majority shareholder in Logos and Arbor In-formatika, S&T Hrvatska incorporated the Info-net project; TIS Group bought Orka, In2 gained major shareholding in Info Opus and Igea, Recro-net bought out Dignus, and the Slovenian SRC.SI acquired Nove tehnologije, while Span undertook a manager buyout of the Hungarian Synergon.

In 2007, the IT industry included 1,719 compa-nies and 13,250 employees. In comparison to the previous year, the number of involved companies increased by 78, while the number of employees increased by 1,362. When viewing the structure of companies based on the number of employ-ees, last year there were 15 companies with over 100 employees, a threefold increase compared to the year before, while over 38 companies had over 50 employees, which was a 17 percent in-crease compared to the previous year. The num-ber of companies with more than 20 employees was the same as the previous year, accounting for 107 such companies. Total revenue greater than 150 million kuna was recorded by 44 companies, three times more than for the previous year.

Total Revenue and Number of Employees

When viewing trends in total revenue, profi t and number of employees in the group of 100 top companies compared to the other IT com-panies, evidently a signifi cant growth of such in-dicators by the top 100 IT companies is present. Such revenue grew by 14.4 percent as compa-red to 10.4 percent for the remaining IT compa-nies. Profi t increased by 17.9 percent as compa-red to 16.8 percent achieved by the remaining IT

16

Introduction:The new times are called various names by the experts: non-materi-al economy, knowledge economy, economy of experience, economy of ideas, etc. Regardless of how it is called, the new economy demands the adoption of completely new set of business rules and a fundamental re-examination of corporate values and business models. In the meantime, new approaches to creating value have been developed, for example:

1. Intellectual capital 2. Value added knowledge 3. Balanced scorecards

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND HOW TO MEASURE IT

The expression “intellectual” indicates that the source of this capital is the intellect, i.e. knowledge in various forms, furthermore we encounter it in its two conceptual forms:

• Material in the form of plans, blueprints, patents, licens-es, databases, manuals, protocols, corporation standards, computer programs, etc. (Explicit knowledge)

• Non-material in the minds of employees (knowledge, vision, ability to act, problem solving, leadership, culture, experience...), and in literature is called tacit knowledge (Karmen Jelčić, 2004)

In order to successfully manage intellectual capital, the effect of in-tellectual capital cannot be only considered by business people but in-stead should also be measured. Researchers and practitioners who have recognized the value of capital, are developing today various means for its measuring and management (Kolaković, 2006).The new knowledge economy emphasizes a radically new approach to researching values in particular companies. We begin to understand that the true value lies in elements not visible in the traditional balance sheet and profi t and loss statement. The fact that companies are selling at prices signifi cantly above the accounting value clearly implies the si-gnifi cance of non-material assets.The concept and requirement to understand non-material assets has dra-matically advanced since the mid-1980s, when Karl-Eric Sveiby presen-ted his concept of “non-material assets” to managers in northern Europe and Scandinavia. Since then, there have appeared various tracking met-

prof. dr. Ante Pulićdipl. oecc. Dragutin Kovačić

Effi ciency of Intelectual Capital - A Successful Business Indicator

With Croatia approaching the European Union, “a society of knowledge” is an increasingly relevant topic relating to educati-on, science, innovations, information, the Bologna process, per-manent education, etc. The Ministry of Science in 2001 instigated a program by the Croatian Innovation and Technological Develo-pment (HITRA), while the Croatian Academy of Science and the Arts in 2002 adopted the Declaration on Knowledge. The decla-ration stems from the assertion that the country, work and capi-tal are not the dominant factors in production. “The leading role in post-industrial development is man’s knowledge, acquired thro-ugh the study of that which exists and the creation of which is to come”. Knowledge therefore is the most important factor in the production and strategic resources upon which growth and deve-lopment are founded (Branimir Krištofi ć, 2005).

* Data does not include Microsoft Community revenue in Croatia.** The total revenues of GISDATA represent the revenues achieved by

GISDATA d.o.o. Zagreb, which represent the company’s business in Croatia only. The revenues of GISDATA GROUP, representing the to-tal revenues of GISDATA Zagreb d.o.o. together with revenues of ad-ditional 6 GISDATA foreign companies in the region, are presented in the total revenues of GISDATA GROUP, which in 2007 amounted to 102, 334 million kuna, before consolidation. According to the Croatia tax authorities, consolidation (total revenues without internal revenu-es within GISDATA GROUP) for year 2007 is made in September 2008, when fi nal revenues of GISDATA GROUP will be obtained.

Software companies (software vendors) include companies who achieve most of their total revenue through sales of proprietary soft-ware products as well as those specializing in the implementation of software solutions. These companies are the global players such as Microsoft, Oracle and SAP including domestic companies focused on compiling and implementing software.Global vendors such as Oracle and Microsoft maintained their lead-ing positions with a relatively modest growth in revenue. Infodom in third place and In2 ranked fourth, have achieved quicker growth than the group average and industry as a whole, and improved their posi-tions compared to the previous year. New comers to the group of top 15 based on turnover were CROZ, Dekod telekom and Multicom, all show-ing exceptionally high growth in turnover for the previous year.This table also includes the table ranking only domestic manufacturers of complete software applications and custom applications, in order to show the relative signifi cance of the local software offer.

PC assemblers are companies whose main business relates to the as-sembly and sale of personal computers. It should be stated that some of these companies are also classifi ed into distributer groups and im-portant PC assemblers and based on the number of assembled PCs can be included at the very top of this category. The following are to be in-cluded M San Group, Vemil, Eurotrade, Kvark and Microline.The leading three from the previous year, HG Spot, Autronic Computers and Ventex have maintained their positions with the fi rst two recording above average growth while Venteks recorded a slight fall in revenue. Links has once again strongly increased its turnover by 37 percent and replaced Feniks kompjutori for fourth place. Large differences in abso-lute amounts in total revenue as well as achieved growth rates in tur-nover amongst the fi rst fi ve or six companies compared to the remain-der, shows that consolidation by this group of IT companies is nearing its end. The country today has around ten larger assemblers, who are each year generally speaking losing market share in favor of internatio-nal manufacturers of brand name computers.

Summary

The Croatian IT industry achieved in 2007 total revenue amounting to 13.3 billion kuna and profi t before tax at 913 million kuna. The proportion of acti-ve 1,719 IT companies employing 13,250 workers achieving total revenue for the economy (excluding banks and insurance companies) was 2.0 percent, profi t recorded at 2.1 percent and 1.5 percent of the total number of em-ployees. The IT industry last year grew slower than the economy itself (and considering the circumstances, the same is to be expected this year). Are such results satisfactory?This depends on the set goals, desired ranking and the role of the IT in-dustry in the national economy. The initiators of economic politics and planning should also have their say in the matter. One thing is for sure, with this rate of development in the IT industry, Croatia is not approac-hing Europe quickly enough as well as the goal of achieving average per capital IT spending by the EU25 for the mid-term period remains only a desire. For this to happen, based on some calculations, the IT industry should be growing at an average rate of 20 percent a year.

17

hods, explanations, measurements and managing of such hidden assets. One of these relates to Intellectual Capital, the approach developed by Karl-Erik Sveiby and Leif Edvinsson. At the same time in the USA, Norton and Kaplan developed the concept of the Balanced Scorecard.

Potential investors mainly on the basis of intuition assess the future fi -nancial capital of a company on the basis of “non-material categories” such as:

• Competing position • Management practice• Data on growth • Employee competency• Brand image • Relations• Potential for innovations • Customers• Ability to invest in partner relationships with other companies

Increasing the proportion of knowledge in newly-created values is the main characteristic of the transition from the industrial age to a new economy termed as knowledge economy, because information and knowledge are the key factors for business success: know-what, know-how, know-where, know- when.

The key challenge for the economy in the 21st century is defi ning, managing, measuring, improving and evaluating knowledge and its economic relevant conceptual form, intellectual capital.

The other popular approach for improving organizational performan-ce is the concept of the Balanced Scorecard developed by American experts Norton and Kaplan. The concept of the Balanced Scorecard re-lates to the integration of:

• Financial categories (what do our shareholders think of us?)• Internal processes (what business processes must we improve?)• Clients (what do our clients think of us?)• Learning and growing (how to change and improve ourselves?)

with a strategy and vision of the company.

Both concepts have signifi cantly advanced our thinking of creating new economic values and measuring organizational performance. Both have occurred spontaneously, encouraged by a natural desire to observe, un-derstand and measure organizational dynamics hidden in the back-ground of various fi nancial reports and indicators.Today, there are a total of 25 methods applied in the world that are more or less directed towards measuring intellectual capital. These methods are various means of tracking, explaining and measuring intel-lectual capital as well as developing proprietary management systems for non-material and hidden assets, of which the most renowned are: EVA (Economic Value Added) and RA (Human Resource Accounting).The contribution in the development of measuring intellectual capital has arrived from Croatia through the Center for Intellectual Capital which has for 10 years been tracking success in Croatian companies in regards to intellectual capital - VAIC TM (Value-Added Intellectual Capital). This method has found practical uses in many Croatian companies. The Cen-ter for Intellectual Capital in cooperation with the Croatian Chamber of

Intelectual Capitalin a Knowledge Economy

Commerce and the fi nancial support of the Ministry of Economy, began at towards the end of 2005 so as to implement a program called Action for Increasing Effi ciency in Intellectual Capital (APENIK) whose goal it is to strengthen the competitive ability of the Croatian economy and its transformation based on EU goals and a knowledge economy. The imple-mentation of the APENIK program in many companies is currently under-way, and since the beginning of 2008 this program has been implement-ed under a new name and within the context of business cooperation with the Center for Intellectual Capital and FINA.The methodology for measuring intellectual capital, besides measuring company intellectual capital, assesses the success of company intellec-tual capital at the national and county level. This success is presented in publications under the title of “Intellectual Capital – Success at the Na-tional, County and Business Level” and based on data in the FINA infor-mation system. It is certain that management of intellectual capital can contribute to competitive benefi ts, raising productivity and increasing market value – then it is no longer a choice but instead a requirement. Therefore, it is not a question of “is it required” but instead “how” to manage intellectual capital.The aim of doing business for any company is growth and the long-term creation of value. However, the problem is that traditional indicators of successful business such as increase in total revenue, market share, technological leading edge, cash fl ow and profi t, in fact do not offer all the necessary information on whether the company is creating value for shareholders and owners. Only when a company creates more then what it has invested in its resources, can we speak of creating value. It is a benefi t therefore for the shareholders that the business strategy be directed to that goal and that measuring systems refl ect the ability of management to achieve such a goal.The process of planning and decision making must be directed towards creating value, while responsibility and decision making is to be relin-quished to increasingly lower levels, since value is created and destroyed simultaneous at the highest but also at the lowest levels. The process of improving the effi ciency of creating value should mobilize all available intellectual company potential in order to create the greatest possible value (for shareholders and owners).The goal of any company is to tacitly (silently, discretely) transform non-material knowledge into material and explicit knowledge, which then represents the ownership of the company that is not alienable (Karmen Jelčić, 2004). All that comprises the value of a company can be illustrated using the following diagram:

Diagram 1: Component of material and non-material assets

Therefore, from what has been stated, it seems there is a need for mea-suring intellectual capital, and obtaining information on how a compa-

18

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ny creates or destroys value. This method takes into account the materi-al and non-material factor we consider to be the quality of this method because traditional business indicators can conclude that the compa-ny operates well, that for instance it possess a good growth rate, ac-hieves good revenue and profi t – while on the other hand, it does not mean that the company is creating added value until the effi ciency of intellectual capital is measured and determined. Using this method we can obtain the following information and indicators:

• the value of intellectual capital (IC)• the level of value adding (VA)• the use of human (HC) and structural capital (SC)• the use of physical and fi nancial capital (CE)• the effi ciency of human capital (HCE)• the effi ciency of structural capital (SCE)• the effi ciency of intellectual capital (ICE)

For the purpose of measuring intellectual capital, two programs have been developed that our companies can acquire (installed by FINA in cooperation with the Center for Intellectual Capital):

1. VAIC™ (Value Added Intellectual Coeffi cient) used for the analysis of creating value and effi ciency in a company.

2. PIKA™ is a software package which fi rstly assesses the state of intellectu-al capital in the company, and thereafter uses it for further improvement.

The characteristics of measuring according to the stated method can be briefl y described in the following manner:

• This is a system for tracking the ability of companies in creating value• Provides a recording of the existing state and locates critical points• Analyses weak and strong points on the basis of questionnaires• Includes material and non-material factors• Focuses on the creation of values and calculates added

value and effi ciency of resources along with costs audits• Uses two software packages, and• Promotes the issue of a knowledge economy and assists in

achieving competitiveness in the context of a new economy.

Application of VAIC method for calculating effi ciency of intellectu-al capital in IT and telecommunication companies.

By using the VAIC method, we have calculated the value added (VA) and intellectual capital effi ciency (ICE) for 100 of the most successful Croatian IT companies and 50 of the most successful telecommunica-tion companies whereby the ICE indicator has for the fi rst time have been shown in the list of the most successful companies from the sta-ted businesses as a indicator of success. Further in the article, infor-mation relating to added value and effi ciency in intellectual capital is shown for the most successful IT and telecommunication compani-es in 2007.

The new economy of knowledge asserts a fundamentally new approach in researching the value of particular companies. We begin with an understanding of the true value which lie in elements that are not visible in the traditional balance sheet and profi t and loss statement. The fact that companies sell at prices considerable greater than the accounting value clearly indicates the signifi cance of non-material assets.

100 najboljih informatičkih tvrtki prema uspješnosti ICE po županijama

-1,00

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

ZG PG PS BS SD IS DN ME GZ

ICE_2006 ICE_2007

100 of the best IT companies based on ICE success according to counties

(Abbreviations for county names: ZG – Zagreb County; PG – Pri-morje and Gorski kotar, County; PS – Požega-Slavonia, County; BS – Slavonski Brod-Posavina, County; SD – Split-Dalmatia, County; IS-Istria, County; DN – Dubrovnik-Neretva, County; ME – Međimurje, County; GZ – Zagreb, County)

From the stated example, it is evident that the greatest concentration of IT companies, 78% of them are located in the Zagreb City County, while this number is negligible in the other counties. Added value in the top 100 IT companies increased by 19.8%, while effi ciency of intellectu-al capital fell by 2.3%, and effi ciency of intellectual capital for all busi-ness in the Republic of Croatia fell by 1.4%. The greatest impact on the effi ciency of intellectual capital was a fall in company effi ciency in the Požega-Slavonija, County, which was to be expected also from the Istri-an County, and which is for some we believe a surprise.Value adding for a company undertaking business in the Zagreb City regi-on increased by 20.4% in comparison to the previous year, while effi ciency of intellectual capital fell by 1.8%, from the 2.54% (effi ciency of intellectual capital in 2006) fell to 2.48 in 2007. The fall in effi ciency of intellectual ca-pital came about due to a reduction in effi ciency in human capital which in 2007 fell by 2 percentage points (for each kuna invested in employees, 0.9 kuna were created), meaning that the increase in expenditure on employees brought about a reduction in their effi ciency in creating value.

CONCLUSION

Intellectual capital represents the collection of knowledge, skills and abi-lity by employees within a company (human capital), as well as other abstract company assets – organizational structure, patents, licenses etc. (structural capital) and consumer and supplier relations (client capital).Today, it is not a question of what a company owns, but instead what it knows and can do. Modern businesses are becoming all the more knowled-ge intensive and less capital intensive. The goal of each company is that ta-cit, non-material knowledge be transformed into material, explicit knowled-ge which represents company ownership and is unalienable. Consequently, controlling knowledge is the core and critical criteria for a successful busine-ss person, companies and national economies as a whole.The system for measuring intellectual capital must be implemented on the Croatian market because only then will conditions for the Croatian business community be created for the development of products and services with added value.Measuring intellectual capital can be entrusted to FINA who has in its product assortment implemented the IC Rating method, as the licen-se owner for measuring based on the IC Rating method in cooperation with the Swedish company ICAB, and the method by Prof. Dr. Ante Pu-lić, with the assistance of the Center for Intellectual Capital.Why? Because if companies do not have the proper picture of the state in which they are in, they will not have the opportunity to move on (cit. Porter).

20

Na koji naËin Vi optimiziratesvoje poslovanje?

GISDATA GRUPA, regionalno vodeÊa tvrtka saindustrijski specifiËnom ekspertizom za poslovnosavjetovanje i vrhunska tehniËka rjeπenja za:

• e-upravu• e-poslovanje• telekomunikacijske i mobilne resurse• transport i logistiku• energetiku i komunalije• prirodne resurse i zaπtitu okoliπa

Naπa uËinkovita, robusna i u praksi provjerenageoinformatiËka i tehniËka rjeπenja omoguÊuju:

• bolju podrπku u upravljanju poslovanjem• donoπenju kvalitetnijih poslovnih odluka• optimizaciju poslovnih procesa• kvalitetno planiranje razvoja poslovanja• izvjeπtavanje i kontrolu svakodnevnih operacija• poveÊanje uËinkovitosti i produktivnosti

www.gisdata.com

sponzor izdanja - infotrend...adriaticsa croatia it market 2008-2012 forecast and 2007 vendor...

Documents