SPORT, PHYSICAL

ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE IN AUSTRALIA

Sport and Society

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stL6EBxeJGM

Social Construction of the Body in Physical Activity

• Body ImageThe image you have of your own body and how you feel about it.

• Self-image and self-conceptThe picture you have of yourself as a total person.Includes body-image, personality, intellectual capacity and ability to “fit” into society.

• Self-esteemRefers to the feelings you have about yourself that are based on your self-image.Low : inadequacy, anxiety, self-doubt and inferiority.High: happy, active role in social groups, generates self-confidence.

No-one can make you feel inferior

without your consent.

Eleanor Roosevelt

Adonis ComplexBigorexia is catching men -here's why!

Men are buying into the beauty myth, except that instead of being thin – its BIG….big muscles that is. It’s about obsessing about ‘pecs’, ‘lats’ and a washboard 6-pack. No longer are body dissatisfaction and breast implants the sole domain of women as they once were. There's a new focus on male bodies leading to a new disorder. In psychiatric circles, it is known as ‘muscle dysmorphia’ (an obsession about musclebuilding) but to the layman it’s Bigorexia or the Adonis Complex. It's like reverse anorexia.

What is the ideal Body image?

This is what society constructs or perceives to be ideal.

1. Ancient Egypt

Thin, angular bodies, adorned with headdresses and jewellery were admired.

2. Ancient Greece and Rome

The admired stereotypes were athletic, well-muscled men and heavy-hipped women. In Greece the male athletes often competed naked to give maximum freedom of movement.

3. The Middle AgesReligious authorities frowned on the flaunting of the body. There were many wars and famines so little time was left for the consideration of body image

4. The Renaissance

Large, soft-flesh women were considered beautiful. Men wore voluminous suits of rich, brightly coloured fabrics

5. The 1800sWomen wore corsets that thrust the bust upward and constricted the waist – restricting breathing and causing abdominal pain – to accentuate the size of their bottoms.

6. The 1930s• Fashion accentuates the natural shape.• Social revolution – wore costumes on beach

that didn’t cover their legs and arms.• NSW – men couldn’t swim bare-chested.

7. The 1940s

Women – hour glass figure: large bust, well-rounded bottom and small waste – with padded shoulders

8. Late 20th and early 21st Century• Very weight conscious• Fad diets• Joining gyms• Public mania – supported by mass media• Females – well-toned, athletic look• Males – highly muscled, low body-fat, well-proportioned

Adonis Complex

Muscle dysmorphia is a disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with the idea that he or she is not muscular enough.

IS THIS REALISTIC?

ACTIVITY 1

Purpose: To show that body shapes and sizes vary according to a performer’s sport and their role in sport.

Study the following photographs and answer therelated questions in your booklet.

Women’s Sports Clothing and changing social values.

ACTIVITY 2Purpose:

To show how changing social values are evident in changing styles of female tennis players’ clothing

Study the following photographs and answer therelated questions in your booklet.

1905

1930

1950s

1970 – 1990s

2009

GENDER ISSUES IN SPORT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOOdTZNoUTY&feature=related

• Male Sports

Female Sports

Gender neutral sports

POLITICS AND SPORT

• 1936 Berlin Olympics

• Mexico City, 1968

There was a protest by black Americans but no boycott. Smith, who won the 200-meter dash at the Olympic Games in Mexico City, along with bronze medalist and teammate , John Carlos.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KAHsYmaodkA&feature=related

• Munich, 1972

• Montreal, 1976

28 countries boycotted due to New Zealand being allowed to take part (as they had played a rebel game of rugby against South Africa)

• Moscow, 1980

Boycotted by the USA and a number of other Western countries because of the invasion of Afghanistan by the former Soviet Union.

• Los Angeles, 1984 Mary Decker plunges to the infield grass after a collision with Britain's (formerly South African) Zola Budd, right, in the women's 3000-meter event at the Olympics

Eastern Bloc countries boycotted the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles in retaliation for the US boycott in 1980.

• China, 2008

Opposition to China hosting the Games due to their poor human rights record