sport psychology
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Sport Psychology . Using the top two inches to improve our sport. What is arousal?. A rousal in sport is your state of ready ness before a match or a race. Feels like you need to pee. And you feel a little apprehensive or nervous. More Arousal. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Sport Psychology Using the top two inches to improve our sport
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What is arousal?Arousal in sport is your
state of ready ness before a match or a race.
Feels like you need to pee.
And you feel a little apprehensive or nervous.
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More ArousalAthletes need to
reach an optimal level of readiness where they are aroused but not over aroused as to affect performance
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It’s all about the
INVERTED U THEORY
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Inverted U hypothesis
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You can be over arousedHappens when your
nerves and stress levels get to high.
You start worrying about outcomes before you have even started the activity.
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Examples of Over ArousalEnglish football team
All Blacks in the World Cups
Australia at the olympics
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High ArousalHigh levels of
arousal are characterised when athletes are:
tense highly excited or anxious.
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High ArousalHigh levels of
arousal result from an increase of a hormone called adrenalin in the bloodstream which increases heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure and respiratory (breathing)rate.
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Low ArousalLow levels of
arousal are characterised when athletes are:
bored, tired, felling unwell or not directly
involved in the action of a game.
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How do athletes manage Arousal?Sport Psychology seeks to give athletes techniques to help manage
arousal, in particular over arousal, to help reach optimal performance.
These techniques include: Centering positive imagery relaxation techniques self talk and mental conditioning.
Using these techniques an athlete can control their own levels of arousal before an event and ensure they are at the optimal level of arousal.
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The Four C’sConcentration: maintaining focus on relevant
cues
Confidence: believing in one’s own abilities
Control: maintaining control over the emotions
Commitment: working hard to achieve your goals
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Mental RehearsalAthletes can often try to reach their optimal
level of arousal by practicing their performance in their mind.
This visualisation of movements you are about to perform can help...
- Arousal control- Improving attention and concentration- Build Self-confidence- Learn new skills- Recover from injury
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Key Words and Self TalkDuring the performance or a break in an
event, athletes can use key words to help them maintain focus on their performance.
This might be a free throw, penalty kick, line-out, top of a difficult run.
Key words hold a meaning to the athlete and remind them of key movements in their performance to help perform the movement well and be positive.
These words help create an image in the athletes mind of a successful, positive performance.
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The Basketball Free throwIn pairs or small groups identify the main
parts of a basketball free throw routine and then identify the technical movements that would make this movement successful.
Give each part of your routine a key word that associates with the technique you have uncovered.
BOUNCE: Bounce the ball three times, relax the shoulders and clear the mind.
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Basketball Free Throw continuedBREATHE: Breathe in and
visualise the ball sailing through the air and into the hoop.
LEGS: Bend the legs, feet shoulder width apart
ELBOW: Have the ball in front of you and elbow pointing toward the hoop
RELEASE: Release the ball smoothly in a fluid action
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Why does it work?The athlete focuses on the performance not
the outcomeThe movement is broken down into small
achievable partsSelf talk and cues helps athletes make links
from what they do in training to performance in matches
http://www.basichoops.com/2007/06/shooting-establish-routine-for-free.html
http://www.ehow.com/video_2367331_youth-basketball-free-throws-stance.html
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Attention Control and Relaxation
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RelaxationRelaxation can be used before, during or
after a competition or event.It helps the athlete stay calm and reach the
correct level of arousal for the situationRelaxation techniques include deep
breathing, meditation and centering exercises.
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ConcentrationConcentration is recognised as the most
important mental factor for effective performance.
Concentration skills can be trained and improved and are as important to practice as physical skills
There are many external cues or stimuli happening in any single athletic event. Concentration is the recognition of relevant cues and the ignoring of irrelevant cues.
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Attentional FocusOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
Low level of Optimal level of High level ofConcentration Concentration Concentration
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Examples of AttentionRoger FedererJohn WalkerGreg ChappellPhil Charman
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Training Attention ControlAthletes need to be able to recognise relevant
cues to help their performanceAthletes need to stay in the here and nowAthletes must focus on performance goals
rather than result based goalsAthletes should have a mental routine that
helps them best reach the optimal level of arousal and optimal level of attention
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Personal Mental Skills RoutineDesign your own mental training routine to
help you prepare for your particular sport.
This should include:Preparations you make the day before the
game, the day of the game, an hour before the game, mental strategies for during the match, and after match analysis and evaluation.