spot criminals and liars reading the body language

SPOT CRIMINALS AND LIARS READING THE BODY LANGUAGE Orlando Hernández Angarita

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CONTENT

PROLOGUE ……………………………………………………………..

NOTE OF THE AUTHOR ……………………………………..

THE NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION…………………….

THE BODY LANGUAGE……………………………………….

- THE GESTURES IN CONTEXT……………………………….

- THE PROXEMIC…………………………………………..…...

THE HUMAN PERCEPTION…………………………………

- THE TASK INVOLVES BOTH SEEING AND OBSERVING

- THE MESSAGES OF THE EYES …………………………….

- THE HEARING PERCEPTION……………………………….

- THE ODOROUS MESSAGES ………………………………..

- THE TACTILE PERCEPTION ……………………………….

- THE SENSE OF ORIENTATION …………………………….

- INTUI... WHAT? .........................................................................

COUNTER OBSERVATION………………………………….

BODY SIGNS……………………………………………………

- HOW TO READ GESTURES………………………………….

- A GROUP OF GESTURES FOR EVERY FEELING………….


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SUSPICIOUS BEHAVIOR …………………………………….

- EVIDENCE OF TENSION CONDITIONS…………………….

- BASIC CONDITIONS TO BE DETECTED……………………

HOW TO DISCOVER LIES…………………………………….


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NOTE OF AUTHOR

In front of the new challenges that impose the current circumstances of worldwide insecurity and the utopia that represent to think that we can live in a world free of crime, we the citizens have a very important responsibility and it is to adopt effective measures that allow us to avoid the intentional risks, do not to expose unnecessarily to them, to make the task more difficult to the delinquents and not to facilitate them their work. This book has the intention to radiate culture of self-protection doing emphasis in the prevention and the avoidance; waking up interest in the citizens to sensitize and to create conscience that we can have a more active role in our own security and the security of the society in general, that we can make something and we are not impotent in front of terrorism and delinquency; that each one internalize the sense of personal self-control and develops skills of knowledge and action in front of the intentional risks to change the personal and social conditions in support of the security. What is self-protection? The organization, preparation and putting in practice of measures and activities of prevention and control of intentional risks, which the citizens adopt to assume like own the primary responsibility of their direct and immediate protection in order to avoid to be victims of criminal acts, it involves more active and informed participation of the persons in the care of their own security. To speak about self-protection we must consider of supreme importance the matter of prevention. The prevention implies developing anticipated actions, is, in security matters, preparation and disposition that are done early to avoid the perpetration of criminal acts that affect us and our society. The prevention of crime cannot be an exclusive task of the organisms of national security, but we all must take part to contribute in the fight against the crime if we want to achieve satisfactory results and not to end up being part of the statistics. To take the necessary precautions and to anticipate ourselves to the events, allows us to diminish the uncertainty, to avoid the risks and surprises and to dissuade the delinquent in face of the minimum probability of success that we offer him;


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proceeding preventively we have in our hands the possibility of winning time and initiative to react in an effective way without need to face nor to put in risk our personal integrity, achieve an improvement in the quality of life derived from the tranquility and well-being that provides the avoidance to suffer the traumas caused by the criminal acts. In order that the task of anticipating be effective, it is necessary to identify the risks which we are exposed and take the appropriate measures of control, they are directed to eliminate or avoid the risk avoiding the reason or the exposition, early detection when it appears, to retard its evolution, to act with base in contingency plans to reduce potential consequences, to minimize the probability of occurrence dissuading the sources or reducing the exposition and to mitigate the impacts of the risk if it materializes. Other responsibilities that we all the members of the society have are: To be conscious of the risk. To recognize threatening situations. To avoid displacements in hours and places of risk. Not to provoke situations that put in danger the integrity. To be prudent and reserved in the managing of sensitive information. To be kept informed about the relating to the moment situations of risk. To anticipate problems and dangers in order to avoid or to neutralize them. To be active part of our own security and to put in practice measures of prevention and protection in residential, working and social environment. To assume the self-protection as a daily experience. To be multiplier of the culture of self-protection Then, let’s enter in the reading and study of this important tool of self-protection that is the detection of suspicious behavior through the reading of body language.

THE NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

The communication through corporal language is still an incipient science, Darwin and Freud were the ones that became it in a science, they are the ones that discovered the different aspects of emotions and gestures. In 1872, Darwin wanted to give one more proof to his evolution theory1, demonstrating that the expression of elementary emotions are realized contracting the same muscles in men and 1 DARWIN, Charles The Expression Of Emotions In Man And Animals. London: Murray. 1872 p. 59


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monkeys and that certain human expressions and gestures are vestiges of animal acts adapted or reinforced through the association of useful habits. Freud, in 1930, refers to corporal manifestations and takes another direction when he writes: “Those who has eyes to see and ears to listen confirm that a mortal one cannot hide any secret. That one whose lips keep silent, speaks with the top of his fingers; he is betrayed by all his pores”2. It is observed that he feels clearly that whole body is an expression of an unconscious state, however, Freud devoted rapidly of lecture of the body language and it was his disciples those who retake it. Only from year 1950, a small group of people, among them Ray. L Birdwhistell, Albert E. Scheflen, Michael Argyle, Adam Kendom, Ervin Goffman and Paul Ekman, focused on the issue in a systematical way, introducing the study of the kinetics, which means “study of the human body movement” and it is dedicated to analyze gestures. Nowadays, the research of the nonverbal communication is the result of five different disciplines: psychology, psychiatry, anthropology, sociology and ethology. In general the psychologist’s point of view regarding the corporal movement, isolate diverse units of conduct for its study: The visual contact, the smile, the physical contact or some combination of these factors. Psychiatrists have recognized for a long time that movement of an individual provides indications on his character, his emotions and his reactions towards the people who surround him. Sociologists have observed and described a special subliminal tag rule which almost fits to us and forms part of our behavior in major and minor importance aspects; for example, we all know how to avoid an undesired meeting in a very crowded sidewalk and how to pretend being interested in a meeting. Anthropologists have observed different cultural expressions of the corporal language and have discovered that an Arabian and a British, an Afroamerican and a white man of the same nationality, do not move in the same manner. Ethologysts also have made their contribution; after several decades of studying wild animals, they have discovered amazing similarities between the nonverbal behavior of men and other primates3.

2 LIEBERMAN, David. Never Be Lied Again. Bogotá: Norma. 1993 p.1 3 DAVIS, Flora. Nonverbal Comunication. Madrid: España. 1993 p. 20


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The nonverbal communication is a new and discussed science, with finding and procedures of investigation often very controversial that provides us, with a high level of reliability, the fundamentals to achieve the necessary skills in the study of the nonverbal language. This constitutes one of the basis on which the human relations are constructed.

BODY LANGUAGE

Human communication is carried out more by means of gestures, positions, postures and relative distances than any other method. Most researchers agree that the verbal channel is used principally to provide information, whereas the non verbal channel is used to express the feelings and the personal attitudes, nonverbal language comes deeply from inside you. A look, a gesture or an attitude is more eloquent than the words; the words are combined with a complex joint of corporal signs that can be much more powerful and expressive, these signals have their own variations, which can be evident or subtle, to be isolated or combined, to be simultaneous or consecutive. The anthropologist Albert Mehrabian, professor of the University of California in Los Angeles, discovered that only 7 % of thoughts and attitudes of the people are made through the words; 38 % are made through the voice tone and 55 % through nonverbal behaviors4. Developing the art of perceiving the nonverbal messages is so fascinating as learning a foreign language that you are interested in, it is worth to acquire skills to catch the form in which the body emits information. The key is to observe patiently all the details of the behavior to learn how decipher the corporal signals. In the Corporal Language it is not possible to lie 100 %, it is not possible to stop sweating, the strong heart beatings, the muscular tension, the blush, etc. Often a talker does not know the corporal information that is emitting, the body is not its own boss, it is not who takes the initiative of the actions or certain movements, it is almost impossible to perspire by desire or to turn pale when it is convenient. The body transmits and expresses spontaneously our internal situations through gestures, expressive observable movements, position, tension or relaxation, proximity, orientation of the body, glances, visual contact, ocular movements, form of sitting and walk, contacts with different parts of the body, facial movements, body odours, aromas, volume of the voice, tone, mistakes and pauses when speaking. The nonverbal information that is obtained in a particular situation 4 PEASE, Allen. Body Language. Buenos Aires: Planeta. 1993 p. 12


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is an important indicator of personal feelings in that moment. Every person interested in security must possess a basic understanding of a human being and its conduct; in the same fashion as a hunter identifies footprints that a "common" person can neither distinguish not see, a person interested in security is bound to develop its sensibility to catch fine information, which will allow him to react at the right moment.

THE GESTURES IN CONTEXT A single gesture is like an isolated word, it is difficult to understand it out of context and you will not be sure of its real meaning. Besides considering gestures as a group and considering the link between what has been said and the corporal movement, all the gestures must be considered within the context in which they take place. When the gestures get together as a whole, they begin to have a connotation that represents what happen in the mind of the person that is expressing them5. It is inconvenient to interpret a gesture isolated of others and circumstances related to it; as in any other language, body language consists of words, phrases and punctuation. Every gesture is like a single word and a word can have several meanings, only when the word forms a part of a phrase, it is possible to know the correct meaning.

THE PROXEMIC A person moves in a kind of private bubble which represents the amount of space that must exist between him and others. Edward Hall, teacher of anthropology of the Northwestern University of USA, was the first one to comment about this strong sense of the personal space and in 1966 presented his work entitled "Hidden Dimension", where he introduced a new field of investigation, the "proxemic" that has defined as the study of how the man constructs unconsciously the micro space6 The gesture of distancement is one of the most powerful unconscious movements that we can do. We move slowly from that one that displeases us, from that one who is doing something we dislike or even saying something we reject; on the 5 STARK, Peter. It Is Negotiable. Mexico D.F: McGraw Hill. 1995 p.47 6 HALL, Edward. Hidden Dimension. New York: Doubleday. 1966 p. 21


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other hand, when we are interested in the person whom we meet, we reduce the distance and sometimes even we look for the physical contact with her. The bubble of the personal space of a human being represents a security margin, if a stranger irrupt in it, immediately there will arise the need to escape, to auto defend or to attack, this can be estimated when interrogating a suspicious, once entering into his personal space by approaching him without any intermediate obstacle, it is a way of exerting pressure by invading his comforting zone and pushing him, without any chance of escaping or attacking to show some inconsistencies.

Intimate space: Personal space: Public space: 15 – 45 cm. 45 – 120 cm. 120 – 360 cm.

Our defensive zone contracts or expands depending on the circumstances.


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THE HUMAN PERCEPTION

Our form of relating to the environment, of relating what happen in the exterior world, is through the perception, it takes charge of the recognition, identification and interpretation of the sensations. All the species have developed a special sensory device to gather the essential information for its survival, for example the eagles have more developed vision and dogs smell. Among all the sensory processes, the human beings commonly we use as the first way of perception the sight, then the hearing and later the tact; a blind person develops more his tact and his hearing and also acquires the sensibility to interpret the feelings of others from the tone of their voice, but most people commonly use in a major degree the visual perception; the main task of our visual system consists of obtaining necessary information concerning the world which surrounds us, what we perceive is not only a photograph of the reality but also an active construction of the reality, we always select a part of the available sensory information to attend and to process; what we perceive is subject to multiple influences and it is determined by the expectations, we tend to see what we expect to see, we can’t see something that really does not exist because it is what we expect to see or on the contrary, not to see anything that really exists although we do not expect to see it. Try quickly to read the text that you find inside the triangle, you only have a second:

A BIRD IS

IS IN THE NEST ALONE

The brain eliminates the wrong information turning it into what we believe it must be, is so common that most of the readers do not detect the mistake in the first reading.

Now Observe the following sketch, what do you see?


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Here, in contrast, we do not perceive at first instance the real drawing (five circles without a portion), and it is common that the first thing we see is a five- tip star, which actually is not drawn.

THE TASK INVOLVES BOTH SEEING AND OBSERVING The expression “to observe” has an elastic connotation; it is possible to be an active or passive observer, is possible either to see the face of a person or is possible to study it, his gestures can be clearly seen or to be scarcely conscious of some rapid movement. Our scale of observation is wide, but almost always it depends of our learning need, our desire of application with what we are interested in; as well as a lens or a telescope brings an object over which one wants to see with better resolution using the zoom of a camera, it is possible to pay our attention to small details and put in practice what Majeski and Butler call in their " The Lie Detection Book " as the approach of the zoom7. We see with our eyes but we perceive with the brain, this is the one that gives form and meaning to the information received through our sensory receivers. The eye is an optical instrument that transforms electromagnetic waves into light, the translation and the understanding of what happen in front of our eyes, of what we see, comes from the brain and, therefore, the given interpretation and meaning, depend totally of the knowledge and practice we exercise by means of good habits of observation and analysis of the signs emitted by the body of the persons, which can be read as we read a book, it is like reading the mind of a persons through his gestures.

7 MAJESKI, William and BUTTLER, Ralph. The Lie Detection Book. Bogotá: Norma 1993 p.19


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A thing is to see ... another thing is to observe.

As we can’t understand Chinese language without a previous study, we can’t see, capture or understand something we have not learned and exercised. As we can improve health by exercising, we can also increase and improve our observation capability. After practicing you can rely on a capability of observing and to interpret the nonverbal communication, which leads us to the conscious reception of messages that words can hide and to capture reality more efficiently. This will allow you to know the real intentions of other people and give you the power to control the situation and not to be deceived by people who do not always say what they mean. A good exercise of practice can be made constantly observing the corporal language of the children and the pets, they are authentic, they are in original state and their gestures always are in correspondence with their feelings.

THE MESSAGES OF THE EYES

The human being reflects his intention in the look, it is said that the eyes are the portrait of the soul, that they speak when we do not want to open the mouth. The looks treason and betray us. There are looks of looks… They are expressive, sweet, happy, sad, seductive, cozy, tender, affectionate, dreamy, suggestive, ardent, cold, humble, respectful, possessive, lost, absent, deep, penetrating, evasive, turbid, innocent, arrogant, haughty, aggressive, sincere, false, indecent, inciting and provocative; there are looks that inspire love, interest, attraction, daydream, desire, pity, intrigue, fear, anxiety, distress; there are looks of hatred, of rage, of doubt, of envy, of indifference, of pain, of uncertainty, of indecision, of amazement, of disdain, of panic, of threat, of shame, of curiosity, of blame, of passion; there are looks that intimidate, that hurt, that kill, that approve, that reject, that bewitch, that


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captivate, that deceive, that dissuade, that inquire, that chastise, that redeem, that condemn or forgive. In order to perceive and to remember the events of our lives, we use images, sounds and emotions. The neurophysiology has verified that according to where we look, are activated the different parts of the brain where the senses are. The right hemisphere of the brain governs the left part of the body and takes charge of the memory; the left hemisphere governs the right part of the body and takes charge of the imagination; depending on where we direct the look, we activate in the brain the visual field, the acoustic field or the emotive field. Ask somebody what he ate yesterday at lunch, and then ask him what he would do with one million dollars, observe where he directs his look, in the first case look up and to the left, in the second one look up and to the right.

Look Up. It activates the field of vision, of the images. A seller can detect that is near to close the sale, if on having spoken about his product to the client looks up and to the right, because he is imagining.

- Look up and to the right side: He is creating images, dreaming. - Look up and to the left side: He is remembering images. - Look up and to the center: Invoking god’s help.

Horizontal look. It activates the hearing field, of the sounds. When you listen the beginning of a song that don’t know, you look in horizontal form to the right


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trying to identify the new sounds; if you are trying to remember the melody of a song that you know, you look in horizontal form to the left.

. - Horizontal look and to the right side: He is identifying new sounds. - Horizontal look and to the left side: He is remembering known sounds.

Look Down. It activates the emotive field, of the feelings. In sales, if the client looks down and to the right, it means that he buys touching, testing, looking for a contact with tangible things; if he looks down and to the left, allow him to think because he is taking a decision; do not speak any more, shut up and sell him.

- Look down and to the right side: Sensations of the body (flavors, smells) and emotions (dread, worry). - Look down and to the left side: He is thinking, considering options, normally before taking a decision. Learn to interpret the silent messages that express our eyes, bear in mind that often the valuation of the reality is deficient for lack of depth or criteria, others because


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it is distorted on having been contaminated by the own feelings or by past experiences, by prejudices and negative programming or simply, because we do not pay attention adequately and we only see without observing. In order to look and in order to see we use the eyes, but for observe and for perceive objectively the reality we have to sharpen all our senses.

THE HEARING PERCEPTION With great more frequency of what we believe, we rely in a high degree on what we perceive through our ears and give total credit to what we listen, nevertheless, often we do not catch the message and therefore we do not perceive the reality of the things of an effective way, well because we establish a barrier not to listen that in that we are not interested or displeases us (selective hearing), well because we are absorbed in our own thoughts or preparing what we want to say, well because a point of the conversation that called us specially the attention does that the mind begins to digress, well because we abstract ourselves on not having been able to preserve our condition of concentration of a permanent way, or because we swallow point and give credit to the words without having arranged said with the not verbal language. More that in hearing, we must concentrate our attention in listening and in detect betrayed signs in the voice of other one, such as changes in the tone and volume, inflexions of the voice, stammering, incoherencies and inconsistencies in the content of the message, as well as contradictions between the spoken language and the silent language of the body, and other signs that give us indications that reflect states of insecurity and edginess.

THE ODOROUS MESSAGES All of us possess a particular smell that individualizes and identifies us. The social behavior of the majority of animals is controlled by the smells and other chemical signs, through them, they send messages of aggressiveness, of dread, of sexual attraction, of power and domain, of territorial control; the mice for example, they depend on the smells to locate their food, to recognize ways and territories, to identify relatives, to find a receptive companion. The animals mark their territory with the urine, with their dregs and also with their corporal aromas that are impregnated in the trees and in the vegetation, some dominant males during the


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ritual of the courtship impregnate their beloved with their corporal aromas to send signs of domain and to persuade other males in order to support the control on their couple or their harem. The hunters have developed their olfactory perception and can detect the presence of their prey in a determined area by the present smells in the environment; but not all the human beings give importance to the sense of smell and often we do not pay attention to what the nose says to us. When flu attacks us and we taste a dish of food without estimating the smells that it emits, realize the utility of the smell; on having lost this sense, it affects also the taste. According to medical studies, the smell is connected directly to the limbic system, this one is the part of the brain that controls the emotions and that also possesses important functions related to the memory. We perceive a smell when the aromatic molecules penetrate the nasal cavity and stimulate the nervous terminals in charge to detect smells, which turn them into nervous impulses and send them to the limbic system in that, depending on the type of smell, they provoke diverse emotive reactions and stimulate memories. A certain perfume or a fragrance forgotten in a lot of time, they can evoke instantaneously scenes and emotions of the past. ¿Who, sometime have not feel the pleasure of the passion, on having perceived an aroma that brings to the mind the smell of the beloved being? The manufacturers of perfumes use materials of animals like hormones and musk in order to create aromas that endure in the skin, stimulate the senses, awake up sensibility and add sensuality and attraction to the opposite sex. Studies confirm that the smells that we perceive have a significant impact on our internal mood, also that depending on the emotions that we are feeling, we emit different types of smells. When we feel intense emotions our body reacts chemically, there is increase in the production of hormones, there is overproduction of fluids that is demonstrated in the emission of sweat and of smells by our pores, of there, we can say that our emotions smell; we all have heard speaking about the smell of the desire, this that emit the females of all the species to indicate to the male that they are ready for the copulation, to procreate, and that the males emit to attract and win the heart of the female; the smell of the passion, this that results from the fusion of the corporal aromas and that increases the excitation when we submit to the love; the smell of the fear, this that the dogs can identify very well when someone is afraid of them and because of it they bark or attack that one which corporal smells indicate to the


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dog that he fears to him, is the same smell that goes out for our pores when we face situations that produce a strong tension that generates anxiety and dread. Also we can have clues about health conditions, hormonal and physiological changes, emotional conditions, and about the type of substances that we have ingested by means of the smells that we emit through the air, gases, fluids and secretions that we expel for the nose, mouth, ears, vagina, penis, anus and for wounds, sores or eruptions in the skin. As in the case of the looks, the smells also have their own characteristics, there are soft, strong, penetrating, incriminating, sweet, agreeable smells, there are smells that incite, that they attract, that repel, that inspire us, that transport us to the past and make us sigh.

THE TACTILE PERCEPTION During the execution of one of the exercises that I do with the audience in the workshops in order that they discover between three suspects the culprit of steal one belonging of a person when she was turned back and with the eyes bandaged, after which she is turned in front of them and observes during one minute their nonverbal behavior, a lady after having rejected one of them that only was showing opened signs and in front of the doubt that others two were generating, one culprit and other one that was trying to cheat her, she asked for authorization to touch them and after having put her hand in the chest of both, without any hesitation she indicated the culprit confirming his manifest state of tension, among other corporal external signs, for the strong beatings of the heart. Also with the tact we can perceive textures, relief, smoothness, hardness, weight, volume, dampness, corporal temperature, blood pressure, respiratory frequency, roughness in the skin or another type of particular signs in the persons. The cashiers of bank develop sensibility in the fingertips and can through them, to discover the first indications of falsehood in the bills; when we greet of hand a person we are recipients and transmitters of energy, also through the handshake we can send signs of confidence, of safety, of edginess, of pleasure, of gallantry, of submission or of domain; but not only we perceive tactile sensations with our skin, also we express feelings and emotions, the skin reddens, turns pale, cools, warms up, bristles and opens its pores in order to permit to escape the aromas that accompany them; have you seen the skin of chicken feeling the arrow of love or when being far from your


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country you listen its national anthem? As well as a deaf person can dance following the rhythm of a song perceiving through the pores of his skin the vibrations of the music, also we can perceive the vibrations in the air and realize when there are energies flowing in the environment that they do that this one feels heavy, tense or relaxed, pleasant or disagreeable, positive or negative, calm or dangerous.

THE SENSE OF ORIENTATION With the support of all the sensory collectors we can locate ourselves spatially and take advantage of this so important sense in crucial situations in our lives. When I familiarize myself with my environment not only I need the eyes to recognize and to identify places, this way if I have the bandaged eyes, the tied hands and let's be inside the trunk of a vehicle, we can perceive if we are going up or going down, turning to the left or to the right side, if we are passing for a stable, for a shed, for a crop of cane or of coffee (for the smells), If we are in hot, cold, humid zone, also we can identify noises or sounds typical of a zone or region as well as the frequency with which these are listened. Also I must mention the gustatory perception, the kinesthetic perception and the “common sense”. By means of the gustatory perception we can recognize the flavors and identify the substances that serve to consume, in addition it acts preventively to avoid situations of risk and to allow us to detect substances that we must not consume because they are toxic or harmful such as poisonous products or rotten food. The kinesthetic perception takes charge of the corporal balance and orientation in the space, it is determined through the movements of the body, weight and muscular position of the different corporal segments, as well as for the contraction, relax and muscular tension; when we stumble, the kinesthetic perception rises and alert all the other senses to avoid loose the balance or to mitigate the impact of a fall. The common sense is that faculty that allows us to perceive the reality by means of an instantaneous impulse and drive us to be aware of situations sometimes so obvious as for example that the water dunks and the fire burns, nevertheless it is said often that it is the least common of the senses.

INTUI ... WHAT?


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Intuition, sixth sense, extrasensory perception, clear-sightedness, premonition, presage, foreboding, hunch, even we distinguish it for its gender and say that it is feminine, but actually it is an attribute that all human beings possess, in some people it is more developed than in others. Our brain realizes processes which are sorted with the received information to obtain coherent answers, when nonverbal incongruous messages are received, the brain registers a deviation, and it warns us and informs us by means of diverse ways: Sometimes by physical sensations, sometimes through alert signs that our body emits as twinges in the heart or in the stomach which lead us to make decisions without necessarily taking place a conscious processing of the above mentioned information. When we say that someone is receptive or intuitive, we refer to his aptitude to read the nonverbal keys from other persons and to compare these keys with the verbal expressions. Whereas the men we are more perceptive with our car and realize that something walks badly because we perceive it not only seeing it with our eyes but also detecting smells and strange noises or any other indication of bad functioning that for the majority of the women slip by, they have developed more the perception of the sensations, this way a mother who wants to check the health state of her son uses all the senses, first on having listened to the weeping she knows that there is something abnormal, auscultates with her look and also with the tact and sharpens her smell to find abnormal smells that give her indications of the reason of the discomfort; women, especially mothers, have the advantage because their necessity to communicate with her baby who does not speak yet, it has led them to develop their perception capacity of nonverbal messages, and can even know from the weeping tone of the baby, if he is wet, hurt or hungry; in the street the woman is besieged well by crooks or for gallants who try to steal their heart, sometimes even with gestures or obscene compliments, those circumstances also has led them to develop their “intuitive perception, adding besides her genetic heredity. We are able to develop our skills of intuitive perception if our interest and our desire, (strong desire), lead us to explore and to exercise them frequently and with discipline. Once we have developed this skill we realize that we do not need to perform a reasoning process to perceive the nonverbal messages and to decipher the corporal signs, which make us possibily to discover emotions, feelings, dangers and difficulties that do not get out to sight and silent messages that are inadvertent for those who only are sensitive to the verbal communication.


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Have present that not only we perceive with five senses, that not only it is possible to see with the physical eyes, also one sees with the eyes of the soul, with the hearing, with the nose, with the hands (this way do it blind persons), besides often we can see without need to look; Not only we speak for the mouth, of some persons it is said that they speak even for the elbows, which if the mouth wraps them up itself go out for them signs, but also we speak with our body, with our physical appearance, with the hands and with the eyes, and also we listen for the pores and listen with the heart and with the eyes (empathic listening).

Active simultaneously your sensory preceptors, use all of them and confront what you feel with all your skin with what you see, with what you smell, with what you savor, with what you listen, with what you know and remember, it will allow you to have a nearer appraisal to the reality and will be of great utility in the development of your own “intuitive perception”. Please carry out the mathematical operations indicated in the present page. You have only 50 seconds now to do them; concluded this time, you must suspend. To major quantity of correct operations made in the indicated time, major the degree of success obtained in the test. Bear in mind that for the effects of this test, the used signs are the following ones: plus (-); minus (+); division (x); multiplication (/).

20 x 5 = 36 – 16 = 98 + 11 = 15 x 5 = 50 – 14 = 13 + 17 = 10 x 5 = 74 – 42 = 25 + 25 = 12 x 4 = 54 – 22 = 38 + 12 = 40 x 10 = 35 – 17 = 26 + 40 =

Again, read carefully the instructions in the headline of this page and check the results, if the operations that you carried out in the indicated time had the correct result bearing in mind that the signs are changed, CONGRATULATIONS. Frequently we are in front of situations where we do not receive all the necessary information for the correct decisions maker, or hides us the real information, because it is given partially or because it is written in a letter so small that we do not read to simple sight. Some documents such as contracts of lease, buying and selling, supply of services, time-sharing, promissory notes, deeds, offers of occasion, bargains, prizes, raffles, etc, bring the restrictions or special conditions explained in a letter that we often passes over and do not reach to read it because of


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it small size, we are pressed in addition by the factor time because if we do not take advantage now, nevermore it will present an equal opportunity, and if we have not taken the necessary precautions we fall down easily in unfavorable business and in the moment to claim the answer is simple: “It is written there and you signed” or “Excuse me sir, you did not ask it to me”. Because of it, ask all the questions that you consider necessary and take all the time that you need to read the small print and to understand entirety the commitments that you acquire on having signed a document and avoid that later you meet surprises like that in the price there is not included the value of taxes, assurance, administration, legalization of documents, etc. Remember that not only is liar the one who says lies, also is that one who deliberately uses tricks to conceal the truth and say truths by half. Distrust when your counterpart demonstrates anxiety and hurry to conclude an agreement and to obtain your positive response, do not allow pressing you for factors as the time, the rates of interest, the model’s change, the inventor shortage, etc, and analyze the nonverbal behavior based in the tips that you will find forward.

COUNTER OBSERVATION

Regularly the preparation of a criminal act comprises among other the following stages:

Planning · Selection of the objective, according to the convenience and based upon the physical precautions and security procedures that the individual has taken. · Compilation of information. · Follow-up and alertness of the target · Study of the impact/profitability. · Difficulty of execution of the plan.

Preparation · Choosing appropriate place, day and time. · Critical points. · Near places.

Execution


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Use of the selected methods of assault.

Escape · Leak plan. · Routes of escape. · More suitable short cuts. · Means of transport, quantity, quality. The organized delinquency generally uses different groups for every task in the preparation and execution of a plan. Gathering the information can last several hours, days, weeks or even months, this implies that delinquents should have to be physically present in the selected area during some time, if the objective person has a defined routine, the task of information compilation will become easier. Normally the attack is not executed while surveillance is in course. Observe during one minute the following sequence of drawings:


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Identify instantaneously the figure that you observe in the following drawing:

Probably the first thing that you see is the figure of a man who uses glasses and has a prominent nose.

Here, the conditioning used with the first sequence of drawings, induces to see initially the human figure. Outside there, in real life, also it is common to meet different types of conditionings that the criminals and liars utilize to be camouflaged and to be sight in a different way from what really they are. So, the importance of being situated in different points of view, to observe from the perspective of other one and to confront with colleagues or related in order to estimate better the reality. Ask some person to realize the same experience, but observing initially the following sequence of drawings during one minute and returning then to the previous drawing, say to him that describes the figure what he sees initially, probably he sees a different figure from the one that you saw, make the test.


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We have known a lot of cases in that criminals and terrorists have achieved to avoid controls in different entities or have evaded the processes of personnel selection, using a false appearance and conditioning us in order that we see them as honourable persons, efficient employees, trainers of squash, or aviation students, to reach their bad purposes. The counter observation consists of neutralizing the criminal actions by means of the early detection of the damage intentions or danger indication, which allows us to win time and initiative to act preventively and to take the appropriate measurements to avoid the action of possible aggressors. Becoming familiar by carefully observing thoroughly all the elements that forming the environment in the zones close to facilities, residences, routes, etc, helps us to develop skills to perceive the presence of new elements that either may be strange in the area or in disagreement with the environment (like being out of side), such as the ambulant seller who establishes in a slightly crowded zone and demonstrate low interest to sell his products, a couple of lovers who show very slight spontaneous manifestations of love, the vehicle parked during long time with one


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or several occupants in its interior, the broken car where the driver pretends to be disconcerted, but does not get dirty while trying to do the reparation, frequent appearances of a pedestrian or motorcycle and car riders in zones of interest, all of them with something in common: Their attitude of observation, almost always directed to a specific place, excluding an area of 360 degrees. It is here where the aptitude to interpret the corporal gestures, it allows us to take action to achieve the purpose of avoiding the crime, giving information to the authorities or facing the suspect with visual contact, filming, capturing of photographs, writing the plate numbers, making the suspected individuals notice that they are also under observation, which is constituted itself as one of the principal dissuasive elements inducing to abort their plans or simply to change their target because they already lose their principal element: The surprise factor. Then, it is necessary to develop skills to perceive risks and feel threats keeping both alert positions and an attitude of self control, without obsessions and without overlooking the presentiments or hunches; if you are interested in, find below a good recipe to achieve it:

Ingredients: 2 Big cups full of interest. 4 Spoonfuls of mental disposition. 2 Pounds of concentration. 5 Ounces of attention in the details. 0 Negative programming (Eliminate pre conceptions). Add a good dose of sagacity, smartness and perspicacity. Try to observe from a different perspective and share your viewpoints with other colleagues.

BODY SIGNALS

The majority of people do not realize that their body speaks a particular language, if we observe carefully the body movements, they can provide us important information. When we feel less safe, for example, we occupy less space and cross our arms and legs as in fetal position. While learning how to listen not only with


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our ears but also with our eyes, we also learn to identify and intuitively perceive that one that people do not always include in their words. The human express by means of two types of corporal signals:

Opened Signals. Those that are emitted by the body under conditions of relax and tranquility, when we are in front of situations that do not represent any type of risk; in addition to arms and opened legs, also are the good visual contact, to show the palms of the hands and the muscular relaxation. Generally they come joined to gestures that accompany “positive” feelings.

Opened signals.

Closed Signals. Those that normally are emitted by the body when we are submitted to different levels of pressure, when we are in front of threaten situations; in addition to legs and closed arms, also are the absence of visual contact, the hide hands and the muscular tension. Generally they come accompanied from another type of corporal gestures that denote restlessness,

. Closed signals.


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HOW TO READ GESTURES When analyzing a person with base in nonverbal behavior, a good formula is to divide the body in five regions: Face and head, body, arms, hands and legs.

Face and Head. Both of them constitute a window towards the soul. The face transmits information about the type of emotion or feeling of a person, sadness, anger, fear, etc. When we look closely at a human face, we estimate several expressive details; the lines of the forehead, the size of the eyes, the curve of the lips, the form of the chin, as a whole, they give us an idea of the facial expression of someone to know his mood state. Of course, we all know that a face can lie, pretending happiness when his owner is sad or pain when he is satisfied, however, betrayed signals will be present always. Some signs we must to consider are: - If he is trying to hide something, he will tend to avoid visual contact with you or stopping it when lying. - Excessive head movements: Confused, forgetful, absent-minded. - He says "yes" and moves the head towards the sides. - Easy to identify: Smile, angriness, laugh, tears. - Difficult to identify: Tension of his forehead, tension of his lips and tension of the jaw muscles. - Deceiving gestures: Looking at the floor, touching his nose, rubbing his eyes. - Inclined head down side: Negative Attitude. - Inclines head along with a suspicious looking eyes: Disapproval. - Inclined head with hand touching his chin: Interest. - Head goes down: Hostility. - Head in neutral position: Trusting and not threatening attitude. - Chin projected ahead: Defying. - Lifted eyebrows: Interest. - Moving backward: Annoying. - Scratching his chin: Evaluation, or decision making - Looking at the door, at the clock: Disinterest, desires to avoid the conversation. - Good visual contact: Confidence.

The Body.


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The body plays a very important role in the nonverbal communication. Corporal actions provide information about the intensity of our emotions, the general position of the body is a good sign to deduce the mood of person. It is very difficult for someone who is nervous to keep himself relaxed. It is very difficult for a bored one or sleepy one to be erect or alerted. - Inclination of the body to the front: Interested party, involved, needs of expression confidence, positive attitude. - Inclination of the body backwards: Negative attitude, person using techniques and tricks to achieve his goals. - To retract the body: Distrust.

- When two persons want to compete, generally they sit down opposite to another, if they expect cooperation, they sit one beside to the other.

Those gestures indicate the interest of stand up and to go out.

- To move to the pace of the counterpart and to imitate his gestures: Search of empathy. - A concentrated person sits down forward. - A tired person sits down backward. - A tensed person sit down erected. - A desperate person sinks in chair.

The Arms.


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Intensity is a key factor on having analyzed the arms as a channel of nonverbal communication. In general, the more opened position of the arms, the more receptive person is; this observation is useful specially in sales, teaching, conflicts resolution, interviews, etc; if you notice that your counterpart is emitting closed signals, you have to come to diverse methods to achieve that he open his body and obtain more attention. Observations performed to a group of persons seated in an auditory, it is possible to estimate that when you express positive messages to them like acknowledgements and congratulation for example, most of the people open their arms and their legs, (their mind and their heart); on the other hand, if the messages are negative, like scolding or reprimands, the majority of people cross their arms and legs. - Arms crossed with closed fists: Hostile attitude. - Crossed arms: Defensive or negative attitude. - Opened arms: Trusting attitude.

The Hands. Hands are more controlled than legs, feet and trunk, simply because they are more exposed to sight, and although we all know that we move the hands when we are talking, we do not know exactly how they move, intuitively, we know they are there, just moving. When we are not sincere, we suppress or reduce to the minimum our movements, is not easy to maintain; we can hide our hands, to sit down on them, to put them in the deepest of our pockets (where they can also betray us by playing with coins), or more discreetly, we try to cross them in order to make them quit. But an experienced observer is not easily deceived, if these normally active hands are immobile, it is because they have something to hide.

Many gesticulations are vague, without precision and are the least monitored elements. The signals emitted by the hand signs can be divided into three principal categories: Location of the palms, the gestures of touch and the involuntary movements. Open and exposed palms are considered to be generally a nonverbal positive sign; this goes back to medieval times, showing the opened palms it indicated that there were not weapon or anything to hide. Such gestures as touching the nose, chin, ears, arms or clothes, usually indicate edginess and lack of confidence about what we said. Involuntary movements of the hands are the gestures that turn out to be more evident; people have little skill


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to control their real thoughts, which are noticed commonly by the hands. Especially the movements of the hands can contradict what is said, due to a subconscious fear of which the movements of the hands could reveal somehow the deception; liars tend to restrict the use of the gesture trying to leave them out of the sight, placing them into the pockets or behind the back. Tension caused by trying to say a lie can lead the person to try to free it by using the hands to cover his eyes or mouth, even the whole face; the hand is used as a screen in an unconscious attempt of hiding what goes out of the mouth, generally it is an involuntary sign that the person denies his words.

Where are the Hands? - Hands crossed on the table: Dominant and determined. - Hands crossed on the stomach: Independent, obedient, rules are important. - Excessive movements of the hands: Impulsive, sentimental, rapid decisions, often mistakes. - Few movements of the hands: Thoughtful, analytical, discreet, precise. - Hands behind the head: Attitude of superiority - Hands on the hips, thumbs in the belt: Aggressiveness. - Hands in the pockets: Lack of participation. - To gather imaginary trashes (in the table or in the garment): Disapproval. - Closed fist: Hostility. - Hands in ogive: Trusting, sure attitude. - To cover the ears or shake them: Not to hear something negative - Interlaced hands: Frustration, negative attitude. - To cover the mouth himself: Not to say something negative. - To place a finger into the ear and to move it: Already it has been listened too much or one wants to speak. - To touch the nose: To hide the lie that is said. - Closed hand supporting the check, pointer finger upsides: Evaluation. - To throw the neck of the shirt: Annoyance, frustration, lies. - Scratching the neck itself (almost ever for five times): Doubt, uncertainty. - Fingers in the mouth: Feelings of pressure, need of security. . - Touching the chin: Decision making. - Pointer finger up on the cheek, thumb supporting the chin: Negative or critical Thoughts.


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I do not want to see any more... I do not want to listen any more.

How often is the Show of Palms? - Frequently: An opened person. - Scantily: A closed person. - Playing with an object in the hands: Edginess, unconfidence, indecision.

The Legs. Due to the fact that they are the body zones we are less conscious of, they can better betray our ideas, added to the fact that usually when we speak with someone being sat in front of a desk the lowest part of the body is hidden from the spectator view, it leads us to pay less attention to the legs and feet than to the head and the trunk, which are considered key elements for the emission of nonverbal messages. - Legs crossed in four, taking a leg: Stubbornness. - Legs crossed towards the sides: Contraction, fear. - Legs crossed towards you: Cooperative, open. - Legs crossed in four: Competition or discussion. - Feet resting on the floor: Confidence, cooperation.

Legs crossed in four.


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A GROUP OF GESTURES FOR EVERY FEELING We have already talked about the nonverbal channel that is used to express the feelings and that the face transmits information about the emotion type or feeling of a person in given moment, while the corporal actions provide more information about the intensity of the emotion, most of the people can precisely identify basic emotions, although they perceive them briefly. The emotions go out from the deepest of our being, of our interior; as we feel internally, also our body expresses externally, every emotion brings out an atmosphere, that is the atmosphere of our interior mood; certain corporal expressions and certain movements, give evidence to what is passing in our minds, what we are feeling. When feeling “positive” emotions our body reacts expressing relaxed and open, whereas, when having felt “negative” emotions the body reacts in tense ways and with closed gestures. Over nationality, race, creed or language, which we have in common all the men and women of this planet are the feelings and their expressions, they are our common human dimension. Let’s see how our body expresses some of the principal feelings:

Authority and Power

Feet on the desk. Keeping visual contact. Hands around the head or neck. Hands on the hips. Firm handshaking. Standing up while others are sat down. To chatter with the finger tips. Hands crossed on the table.


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I am the boss here.

Annoyance, Aggressiveness Looking with the corner of the eye. Crossed arms and closed hands. Legs or crossed arms. To frown. Blushing. Hammering with the fingertips. Hands in the hip, fingers in the belt. Chin projected to the front. To move away the body.

Gestures of hostility.

Uncertainty, Doubt, Indecision To clean the eyeglasses. Looking of perplexity. Fingers touching the mouth. To play with some object in the hands. Scratching the neck.


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I do not know if I agree...

To move the body forward and backward. Inclining the head. Close hand supporting the cheek, pointer finger upside.

Evaluation To deny. Looking with the corner of the eye. Good visual contact. Take the pointer finger to the lips. Scratching the chin. Touching the chest. Hands touching the cheeks.

Gestures of evaluation.


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Disagreement, Skepticism To move away the body. Legs or crossed arms. To gather imaginary trash. Grab the nose. To look down. Interlaced hands. Pointer finger upside supporting the check, thumb supporting the chin. Inclination of the body backward.

Critic thoughts, body in closed attitude.

Interest Body inclined to the front. Good visual contact. Inclined head, hand touching the chin. Elevated eyebrows.


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Gestures of interest.

Boredom, Lack of Interest. Absence of visual contact. To play with objects on the desk. Unexpressive look.

Head resting on the hands. Gesture of boredom.

Drumming on the table. Hands in the pockets. Shaking the clothes. Looking the clock or the door. Crossing the legs balancing foot smoothly.

Mistrust, Dishonesty


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Touching the nose while speaking. Covering the mouth. Avoiding the visual contact or breaking it when starting to speak. Arms or crossed legs. To move away the body. To bite the lower lip while speaking. Incongruity between gestures.

Breaking the visual contact when starting to speak.

Confidence, Cooperation, Honesty To walk erect. Hands in ogive. To lean forward in the seat. Arms and hands open.


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I do not have anything to hide ... I will be honest with you.

SUSPICIOUS BEHAVIOR

When somebody carries out actions that cause any kind of danger, his level of tension increases. This tension shows up externally in very diverse ways, which must be learned and exercised for identification. A sign or suspicious symptom is a sign through which is possible to detect or discover a hidden intention or a condition of negative internal tension. Small details and slight indications are definitive in the rapid recognition of potentially dangerous situations. The aptitude to identify and interpret rapidly insignificant details is a necessary skill for people interested in security. As a doctor is able to diagnose diseases through the identification and interpretation of the symptoms externally presented by the patient, persons interested in security must have the knowledge and the necessary aptitudes to detect the suspicious behavior through the identification of the external symptoms, which are shown by the corporal signals that unfailingly are expressed by the delinquent either in the previous stage of preparation of the criminal act or a suspected of committing an illicit act because the feelings that the person is experiencing subject him to conditions of internal tension, which are freed outside as mechanisms of defense of the body to liberate pressure. The majority of these signs that “presage something bad” are small and extremely rapid, therefore, its identification is difficult, whoever who seeks for them knows that they appear


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always in certain parts of the body, for example: Sweating hands, neck and back, dryness in the mouth, evasive looking, freezing and heavy movements. The best form to discover cracks, contradictions, tensions, defenses, lack of security, edginess and other suspicious signs, is taking the person under pressure, as the pressure increases, signs will increase in quantity and intensity, which, in essence, transmit inability to hide an internal inconvenient condition, ending up by betraying the individual. Some ways of exerting pressure are: Major visual contact, invasion of the personal space, direct questions, incisive questions, surprise (take out the fish from water), to create dread, confront answers, direct treatment without condescension.

Few confidences would generate this attitude.

When somebody is preparing or executing an illegal activity not necessarily the unique pressure existing is to support a punishment if he is discovered; some persons such as psychopaths, fanatics or fundamentalists, probably have principles different from those that the common mortals we have, or probably do not have no one, and their ideals drive them to perceive like well or justifiably the evil that they do, being sure that the reason that move them justifies any act that they execute; they do not feel great pressure for the punishment that could suffer if they are discovered, including the death, which on the contrary in some cases, will be a well-deserved reward that will turn them into martyrs worth being imitated. In this type of persons, the possibility of failing and not to achieve their objectives implies a discredit or a defeat and this only fact exert an enormous pressure on the person or group of persons, which will facilitate the expression of the corporal signs that betray the states of internal tension.


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Characteristics of Suspicious Behavior. - Edginess. - Tension. - Freezing. - Contradictory messages of the corporal language.

Parameters of the Corporal Language Allowing for the Detection of Suspicious Behavior. - Rhythm and movement (eyes, hands, legs, head). - Tension and freezing of diverse muscles (face, hands, etc.). - Tone and voice. - Eyes.

Tools for the Investigator. - Timing (To choose the suitable moment). - Movement of body and hands. - Distance. - Height. - Eyes (use of different looking ways).

BASIC CONDITIONS TO BE DETECTED

When a person of the opposite sex wakes up our attraction, we feel butterflies in the stomach, the heart flutters with major intensity, the breathing is cut off and we sigh with some frequency, we erect the trunk, raise the eyebrows, the eyes shine, the pupils expand and the whole body is prepared in order to increase the power of seduction and to be more attractive and interesting to the other one, we also see it in other animal species, the royal turkey for example, spreads his wings and he shows itself very gallant when he devotes to the flirting; all these are natural reactions in front of an intense and important feeling to perpetuate the species; in the same way, it is natural that in front of an equally intense and important feeling for the conservation of the individual and of the species like is the fear, the body


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reacts spontaneously as mechanism of defense with a variety of corporal signals, which are grouped in the following basic conditions:

Defenses and Barriers. The person feels surer behind a barrier, when running into threatening situations immediately tries to establish a protecting barrier. In front of a stranger, a child solves the problem by hiding behind his mother and taking out his head to observe, if his mother is absent he will shelter behind any furniture; as the child grows up this reaction tends to vanish, we can see a protective attitude in laughing way that have some teenagers, covering up their mouths with the hands or the notebooks. Generally when becoming adults, the shyness of the child has disappeared when facing colleges, companions, relatives or friends. But even when time has passed, we continue hiding a fear that exists in all of us which increases as the components of a meeting are less familiar to us. Observing people under these conditions brings again to the memory the infantile custom of hiding behind the body of our mother. If our mother is not with us, we hide our fear behind other defenses or barriers.

Defenses Defenses or corporal blockages are attempts of closing any undesired message not wished by interposition of some physical object between one itself and another person, for example in an airport or a bus station a delinquent who observes his possible victims will interpose a newspaper, a book or another object between him and the observed person. A blockade also includes a tense attitude, an unexpressive or hostile look and lack of corporal movement.


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Different objects can be used to adopt a defensive position.

Barriers. They are habitually less defensive than blockages; the most commonly used are crossing the arms or legs. Researchers specialized in this topic have verified that all type of barrier signs reduce significantly the amount of information allowed to be processed by the brain, for example it has been verified that a person who listen to a conference without crossing his arms and legs, catches more information than those that have used the barrier of the arms and legs crossed. The defenses and barriers usually reveal negative feelings, anxiety, hostility, or lack of interest for cooperation. - Hands crossed on the chest. - Fallen head (it protects the body). - Shrike shoulders lifted (it protects the neck).

- Crossed legs.


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- Tight lips. - Hidden hands (in the pocket, behind the back). - Hands hiding part of the body (eyes, mouth, neck).

Tension. Quoting a popular saying: “That one who owes nothing, is afraid of nothing". A quiet person, will have his body and his muscles relaxed, on the other hand a person acting under the pressure of being discovered, although he tries to pretend to not be nervous, if observe carefully, his corporal expressions and his muscles are tense, he could show the following signs: - Tense members and frozen facial features. - Body aiming toward the exit. - Quick looks (or abstention of direct looks). - To touch the ears (typically of doubtful condition). - Scratch the neck (tension liberation). - Air contained in the lungs is subtly liberated. - Superficial breathing. - To scratch himself (mainly the head). - Hands or fingers strongly interlaced. - Glassy eyes. - Lack of coordination of the movements (infantile movements or out of context). - Half-open eyes. - Tense neck.

- Lack of flexibility.


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Insecurity. The signs of insecurity are not always expressed in all situations, especially in expert persons in the art of lying, although there will always exist the possibility that a smarter one brings him into evidence, therefore, when we face this type of person, somehow we must persuade of our capabilities in order to cause a condition of insecurity that might express the following aspects: - Fallen shoulders curved back, depressed chest. - Constantly opening and closing eyes. - Nervous hand movements. - Short contact with objects (he does not know what to do with the hands). - Falling down chin. - Small movements of arms and hands nearby the body. - Lack of vitality in movement. - Corporal position (he seeks for something to rest). - Short steps. - Numerous movements of head (fear). - Recessing of the body. - Minimal visual contact.

Lack of vitality in the movements.


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Nervousness. It is a normal reaction of the body to come along with insecurity; to facilitate the expression of these type of signs, we must use different tools to exert pressure when we face experts, nevertheless, in many cases are expressed spontaneously by the majority of the persons, some of them are:

- Rapid steps. - Sitting down far away from the speaker. - Hoping to be invited to sit down. - Threaten gestures and contracted legs. - Crosses arms and legs. - Cough (clearing of the throat). - Sighs or frequent hisses (tension liberation). - To move while seated down. - Worry, anxiety. - When talking, he moves the lips partially. - To clean his clothes or gathers imaginary little trashes. - Hands on the face or hair. - Quake in the legs, in the hands, in the lips.

Me, nervous?


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Contradictions.

In normal situations our body expresses itself coherently with our feelings and the corporal signs coincide with our emotions, when we are under pressure and try to pretend, the corporal language contradicts the verbal language, for example, a person who is not being honest or reliable can show a group of congruent gestures such as avoiding the visual contact, putting hands around the mouth, touching himself his face and being restless, other signs are: - hesitating conduct and lacking of fluency. - Incomplete smile. - Threatening facial features and retiring legs. - Smile with closed gestures. - Smile with frozen body. - Smile with cold looking.

Incongruity between the gestures. Smile used as a mask

- Incongruity between verbal expressions and movements. - To say not but nods his head. - Nice words and closed fists.

Physiological changes.


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Facing strong emotions our body reacts physically and chemically, in front of a risk normally there are only two options: To flee or to face it; therefore, our body prepares by increasing the breathing to oxygenate the blood and prepares the muscles to help us in the option we choose, the principal physiological changes we experience are:

- Perspiration - Changes in corporal temperature. - Increase of respiratory rhythm (superficial and irritated). - Increase of the cardiac rhythm. - Increase or decrease of blood pressure. - Pallor. - Bristly skin. - Decrease of the salivation. - Blush of the skin. The perspiration not always is demonstrated by means of drops, sometimes it is perceived as an incriminating sheen in the skin especially in the forehead and the cheekbones. In situations that generate a strong tension, like in case of the persons who transport drug inside their stomach and who cannot consume food for the danger that represents the break of the elements that contain them, the expulsion of sweat comes accompanied by the emission of strong and smelly odour though the pores (the smell of fear), which betray their internal condition of restlessness. Not necessarily all these signs will be shown by a person who is subjected to pressure, he may be either lying or is preparing or executing an illegal activity and can be discovered or fail; nevertheless, at least one signal of each one of these basic states mentioned, accompany nonverbal behavior; these signs come interlaced, connected among them, demonstrating the characteristics that betray the suspicious conduct. THESE DOCUMENT IS A SAMPLE FROM THE WHOLE BOOCK 0F 100 PAGES IN WORD. ANY COMENT PLEASES CONTACT AUTHOR AT:

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