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SQL SERVER –Booklet- Gives you the interview tips in SQL Server

SQL SERVER Interview Questions-2014

KAASHIV INFOTECH

Welcomes you to the Expert Voice Corner

Mr.J.Venkatesan PrabuVenkatesan Prabu Jayakantham (venkat) has more than 8 years experience in the Microsoft Technologies such as VB.Net, ASP.Net, C#.net, SSIS, SSAS, ADO.Net, etc., He is the Managing Director of KAASHIVINFOTECH (http://www.kaashivinfotech.com/),a software company in Chennai. Before that, he worked in HCL Technologies (India and Australia) for six years as Project Lead. As a service motive, Venkat contributed more than 700 articles which is read by the developers in 170 countries (400 developers per day) (http://venkattechnicalblog.blogspot.com/). Aligned with KaaShiv InfoTech’s mission,he met more than 20,000 young minds and spreaded Microsoft Technologies / Career guidance programs. Venkat won many awards in his career, which includes Prestigious Microsoft MVP (Most Valuable Professional) award for the years 2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013 and won many awards. List of other awards in his career,

Microsoft certified Smart .Net Candidate in 2004

Most valuable member for dotnetspider site in 2007

HCL SQL Subject Matter expert (SME - SQL Server) for the year

(2008,2009)

HCL Special contribution award winner on Dotnet skills for year(2008)

HCL SQL Knowledge Champion for the year 2009

Mind Cracker MVP on SQLServer –2010 for the year 2010,2011

INETA champion - Gold Member – 2010 for the year 2010 HCL Service

Contribution Award for the year 2010

Leading Lights "Rising Star" award from Common Wealth Bank,

Australia for the year 2010

TECHNICAL CERTIFICATION

Cisco certified Network Associate (CCNA) – 2004

Microsoft Certified Application Developer (MCAD) – 2005

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank my family members for their support and encouragement. Without their support it would be impossible for me to publish this e-book. I would also like to thank my KaaShiv InfoTech team for their support to publish this e-book.

DISCLAIMER

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied, adapted, abridged or stored in any retrieval system, computer system, photographic or other system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. Any breach will entail legal action and permission without further notice.    

1. Which TCP/IP port does SQL Server run on? How can it be changed?SQL Server runs on port 1433. It can be changed from the Network Utility TCP/IP properties.

2. How to generate row number in SQL Without ROWNUMGenerating a row number – that is a running sequence of numbers for each row is not easy using plain SQL. In fact, the method I am going to show below is not very generic either. This method only works if there is at least one unique column in the table. This method will also work if there is no single unique column, but collection of columns that is unique SELECT name, sal, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEE i WHERE o.name >= i.name) row_numFROM EMPLOYEE oorder by row_num

3. What are the difference between clustered and a non-clustered index?

I. A clustered index is a special type of index that reorders the way records in the table are physically stored. Therefore table can have only one clustered index. The leaf nodes of a clustered index contain the data pages.

II. A non clustered index is a special type of index in which the logical order of the index does not match the physical stored order of therows on disk. The leaf node of a non clustered index does not consist of the data pages. Instead, the leaf nodes contain index rows.

4. What are the different index configurations a table can have?1. A table can have one of these index configurations:2. No indexes3. A clustered index4. A clustered and many non clustered indexes5. A non clustered index6. Many non clustered indexes

5. What are different types of Collation ? Sensitivity?7. Case sensitivity - A and a, B and b, etc.8. Accent sensitivity9. Kana Sensitivity - When Japanese kana characters Hiragana and

Katakana are treated differently, it is called Kana sensitive.10.Width sensitivity - A single-byte character (half-width) and the

same character represented as a double-byte character (full-width) are treated differently than it is width sensitive.

6. What is OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)?In OLTP - online transaction processing systems relational database design use the discipline of data modeling and generally follow the Codd rules of data normalization in order to ensure absolute data integrity. Using these rules complex information is broken down into its most simple structures (a table) where all of the individual atomic level elements relate to each other and satisfy the normalization rules.

7. What's the difference between a primary key and a unique key?Both primary key and unique key enforces uniqueness of the column on which they are defined. But by default primary key creates a clustered index on the column, where are unique creates a nonclustered index by default. Another major difference is that, primary key doesn't allow NULLs, but unique key allows one NULL only.

8. What is the difference between a Local and a Global temporary table?A local temporary table exists only for the duration of a connection or, if defined inside a compound statement, for the duration of the compound statement.A global temporary table remains in the database permanently, but the rows exist only within a given connection. When connection is closed, the data in the global temporary table disappears. However, the table definition remains with the database for access when database is opened next time.

9. What is the STUFF function and how does it differ from the REPLACE function?STUFF function is used to overwrite existing characters. Using this syntax, STUFF (string_expression, start, length, replacement_characters), string_expression is the string that will have characters substituted, start is the starting position, length is the number of characters in the string that are substituted, and replacement_characters are the new characters interjected into the string. REPLACE function to replace existing characters of all occurrences. Using the syntax REPLACE (string_expression, search_string, replacement_string), where every incidence of search_string found in the string_expression will be replaced with replacement_string.

10. What is PRIMARY KEY?A PRIMARY KEY constraint is a unique identifier for a row within a database table. Every table should have a primary key constraint to uniquely identify each row and only one primary key constraint can be created for each table. The primary key constraints are used to enforce entity integrity.

11. What is UNIQUE KEY constraint?A UNIQUE constraint enforces the uniqueness of the values in a set of columns, so no duplicate values are entered. The unique key constraints are used to enforce entity integrity as the primary key constraints.

12. What is FOREIGN KEY?A FOREIGN KEY constraint prevents any actions that would destroy links between tables with the corresponding data values. A foreign key in one table points to a primary key in another table. Foreign keys prevent actions that would leave rows with foreign key values when there are no primary keys with that value. The foreign key constraints are used to enforce referential integrity.

13. What is CHECK Constraint?A CHECK constraint is used to limit the values that can be placed in a column. The check constraints are used to enforce domain integrity.

14. Error severity 13 indicates what? Transactional deadlock errors. This level of error severity indicates a transaction deadlock error.

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Web Application DesigningProject DocumentationLive Inhouse Application DevelopmentWindows ADO.NET ApplicationTemplate Designing-Live Template Designing, CSS

15. In which order do you perform an upgrade to SQL Server 2008 for replicated databases? Distributor, Publisher, then Subscriber. You always perform an upgrade in this order: distributor, publisher and subscriber. 

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