RD-RI57 169 ORRNMA CUBAN NEWS AND-PROPAGRNDRARNALYSIS FOR THE 1/PERIOD 1-31 JANUARY ±985(U) JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFFWASHINGTON DC SPECIRL OPERATIONS DIV JAN 85Fa51

KR

SSFEDFG5/@ N

..........

02

"LU l b_.E ly st las psucnal v nguc u _6 paa 18b. n un mhs Is stuaci6n? 4Qui~n Cdon aqi o alli de una tecnolo- y probabletneete, oM~tAl YW4) 0 puode asogurar quo d1 o que no? sla modems. on el tratarniento v vio pequefto. PsY quien dice tender un corral rscupraci6n do residuales emAie-' desprende de Ia i

ta tieric la impre- an un estero do esta desembo- re ser do interts Para el riodistica, que Ia Isir mangle, con- to de eso a iii generalia ishpedof10 A 1 7 rsd oetch- el monto do Jos recurso aexi- cuencia de Is cont'6AiY 57 WIU4U 1Wuiduos, go Is bacon prohibitiva. Creo qua clcdn del meollo de

o, cncuanto a Bus Volvamnoe al bib do auestras es 'P2 rt a niiatra mass de gaillo que lievanperjudi~iales, io reflexiones. Hablemos Hie lo quo "iacoo ravolucionarios, elno les

imprescindible pars vierte I aer, qulo u pensar en esta solucl6n m4.Rica Por otro ldagniud da- proble- [a gente maira con Josoios u do souir con divisas al exterior. quo an 6pocas doairertos". com2phra, y ya esth. no son infrecuente

Apr-_ AA afta Rs to a to# 48 mil metros perlodista quiere a gotg dal del dio se conf

bra

nael

la

.- Iicirajento exac- Seh nnid una solicitu o.- Te cswcontarnmna- de nyuda a poises hermanos y, repdo pare Is agricultura, pro- eg hubiera pres

nui y i~iat coouasgrniad n "con meiore6 resultadOs qua brarse, puesto queSatielan- firms del exterior, ambas refe- con el agua que norialmente no es rico, 4no

ec.01MoI ridas a plantas de trataniento, se ttplea". so el proceso inv~onopoibles soluciones defi- El segundo olernento: elite pro- nueve canal -cn

nitiruvas. Incluso en Ia conversa- blenma tecnico do los vertiniien, ta el veritiientopesur,dad Ckuba, so uranet posibIl' y no en1

iuicd oI I dun cierto espea ahora, cua~i y dIa fau nol oga de r~as no obIn etpsible solucj6n ideal,.i e"noul" ~cs o or ocM 'tC moni el P El periodista respctla ei~ acia hacer su aporte en alto con la epwrio ticnico local, que coc~ u~ onvdores ra- Evidebannte nte,L we dads cstas soluclones Coro las ii .w aoe ic aiqu a

Lc~riO qu puican eslve deintiv- eiUho otros problemnas de consider clone5 in'ua'en mentc el pr ~ ~ co p leiidad comparables? ZPor bidddeu gu

tlo ga pe ' '~ zlo quir~6 udefinitivas",t~e"~Acira ealga a] ais roo avanantes orue

,lConroras a),O os~i~ad qibls?~,Acu~toascndrlaIa no, a quo conozcan de cerca el ro: en espera de

Si)C,,1i et qwbvesJA qu~o scd er a I pnsm '~ta que recorran finitivas ilevamnosieE11 Ia del. jrio, para~opn'~dO~ iPais Bararet ts i n c aI uLJ l5 ita o

'irvosinan de potencialrtente it a c edi6 al veriodiste- con 1 l1HWdetectan en otas lugares, wn soalndlot~, E~0* c4 tramina* ao nno vdd ci6n del machuelo, el det ~ AI~Q

-t i,~ria al pais C(ontinuemnos Ia reflexi6n. Se- de Isaecologfa de ese lugar qj;-I. Lo que este n los documentos del proceso qud no promover uri co mente blcI ;, d:uteI is bitral, Is lanta sugerida por cientifico-t6d a terv &nido'IsC1/ada, es elk estudjo SeIs citada fi allfdicadas, que

~n~n nmeiato~~al 16 milones de d6lares ZMbs d5zxoia y de,!j'ibilida'di de adquirirla en pbt "%U. ell Jri -ua ga dei pritW,"s socialistas. probablement AWb ocaittos p en ciavo SacI S i

* Cl ""L~ia econ61nicamne mtis co paae pooao aaccta algiln . t Ta etect rbe a Iositiva delIasi6 ien e, pero su cocto se manten- ma. y C arlao .nrur.~ ia. igtialmente, en tin tango No P cmnos senta s M tendemos qe

Sdel prumIC\U(.io, comno corresponde a este rar mna (recturSOS)M ma meram te--ifl 5 I ' d roeos uepr o del ciel (de los fondos socia- tornb se mue e

rnas, en general, no generan va- les), Pa Uinft"M060Mip i -A-e--s-u.riPtesrernnerativos inniediatos de ese tu eu46"

dhzf,* r~ Ct L:) on los ctuaics amortizar la in- puede n cwbgig g~krae, 1 Mi los vnsi6n. El periodista considers tinica v iqm w ~ h g icac,6n, por lo1.111Y bue- que estas variantes no puoden ficil qu aparet 9avrt d cpls;C Iivr pescando constituirse comao arquetipo do gica), si e afla soluciones Este bi a,

hu.nma. soluci6n a los problenias do con- parcial .8 yc aa atitan:~u poren- tominaci6n, que subsisten entre mentarias. rlocae VI'11' Tr c .tterfas nosotros par diversas cau~s (par Esoe:u -tr~rcos- mecnrlsal

Esto s: I Elf

CUBAN NEWSAND

ANALYSIS

A-

This document has boon applomedfot public tel~a.. and uol. itndistribution is unilimited.

This document is a research pape*:t j.p ed. for the Joint Special OperationsAgency, Organisatton of the Joiat, h Lef o Staff. As such, the views andconclusions contained in this document are those of the research staff anddo not necessarily represent the views policies or the official positioneither expressed or i t$ of .he Joint Chitfs: f ftaff 5r the Department

of Defense.

This document is approved for public release; distribution is unlinited.Additional copies of this report say be obtained from:

Defense Technical Information CenterCameron StationAlexandria, Virginia 22314

4N

Cos~nts or recomeondatiano regarding this report should be directed to theJoint Special Operations Agency, Organisation of the Joint Chiefs of StaffWashington, D.C. 20301; or by calling (202) 697-3455; (Autovon: 227-3455).

Ao"esionI /orIwIs GRAMIDTIC TAB~UnannouncedA

AvSilabilitY C0401AVail a/Or

I Special

Cubm Due and Pronasenda Analyais for Jauary 1965

Executive Stiary

During January 1985, the editors of the Cuban newspaper Granna -- the author-itative publication of the Communist Party of Cuba - allocated 38 percent ofits total space to international news and comment. The United States was theprimary subject of the space devoted to international news (with 26 percent ofthe foreign coverage).

Gramas editorials, feature stories and news items are carefully selected andorchestrated to reflect the propaganda goals and objectives of the CommunistParty of Cuba; almost half of all the critical news coverage (in Granma)severely attacked the policies of the Reagan administration. Cuban propagandathemes about the government in Washington, and events in the United Stateshighlighted and stressed the following topics:

e mrican Military/Political Hegemony (Yankee Imperialism).* Star Wars, the Arms Race and the Geneva Talks.* American Domestic Politics, the Economy and the Budget.

Headlines and abstracts from Grnma clearly indicate the overall provocativetone, blend, and emphasis of Cuban propaganda pertaining to policies andactions of the Reagan administration. It is clearly apparent from the tone

and scope of the content below that Cuban propaganda guidance and objectives(pertaining to the U.S.) originate in the Politburo in Moscow.

On the Subject of American Military/Political Hegemony.

* The CIA leads the way. The Reagan administration is determined tooverthrow the government in Afghanistan. The CIA coordinates allmilitary aid and assistance provided to the counterrevolutionaries byother governments.

e The government of India has uncovered a vast spy ring that works forthe United States and other Western governments. The CIA was behindthe spy rinz.

* The "death manual." Newsweek magazine has confirued that Americanmercenaries distributed the CIA (published) death mnual to thecontras in Nicaragua.

* Military actions in Nicaragua intensify.

- The Nicaraguan army has killed over 95 contras during the past twoweeks.

-1

- CIA trained and supported contras have destroyed 13 civilianvehicles and attacked seven industrial and social centers inNicaragua.

o No gjaceful Solution. Reagan insists on a military solution to thepolitical problems in Central America.

* The Pentagon plans to store nuclear weapons in Bermuda.

- More economic exploitation. The British Foreign Office has givenAmerican companies permission to ezplore and develop gas fields in theFalkland Islands.

* The United States has spent over $20 million occupying Grenada andtraining its police force.

o The Pentagon is constructing new navy and nuclear bases in SouthAfrica. Reagan supports the aggressive and racist goverment of SouthAfrica.

* The U.S. Army is training its Special Forces in West Germany to usesmall nuclear mines (250 tons of TNT).

9 The Voice of America has installed (and activated) a new powerfulradio transmitter in Puerto Rico. The purpose of this propagandatransmitter is to spread lies and cause subversion in Cuba and otherLatin American countries.

"* The Heritage Foundation is the (real) leader of the propagandaprograms for the White Rouse.

On the Subject of Stat Wars. the Arms Race and the Geneva Talks.

" The critical houri Everything depends on the White House - the Sovi'stUnion has agreed to a total freese of nuclear weapons. Moscow hasdone its part, now it is up to Washington.

S.e The Geneva talks are critical to the future of mankind. The peopleand govermnts of the world demand that progress be made to controlnuclear- and space weapons-it is up to the United States to meet the

.,* challenge..

o Hard-line delegation. The American delegation for arms control andthe Geneva talks are old tine hard liners. Reagan does not supportarms control.

" A eios feud has developed between the American Secretary of State(S YultS) wnd the Secretary of Defense (Weinberger) in regard to theAmerican policy at the arms control talks in Geneva.

-Z-2

' .,,,. j , r -r W e ', " W*T

- a.?. .- )-vp # , .%. ' '. v .. % . - • V %,. -' ** *% * - " % 4 *', . * A . .'.

o The militarization of sace - n obstacle to peace.

- The Pentagon insists on obtaining military supremacy over theU.S.S.R.

- The Reagan administration will spend over $26 billion on researchand developmsnt of its Star Wars program.

* The mission of the American Space Shuttle Discovery is to launchmilitary weapons into space. The Pentagon's secret space mission isdangerous to the peace of the world.

o Star Wars has create-I new threats to the peace of the world.Unfortunately, an irreversible situation will develop, if Reaganinsists on his Star Wars program.

o Prominent scientists from the Soviet Union, United States, France,Italy, Great Britian and last Germany will confer in Vatican City inorder to review the crisis in regard to Reagan's Star Wars program.The situation is serious to the peace of the world.

* Peace movements in London continue to demonstrate against- the Americanand NATO positions about the arm race. People all over the worldsupport the Soviet position on disarmament.

On the Subiect of American Domestic Politics, the Budiet and the Economy.

The editors of Granma bombarded their readers with articles critical of theeconomic and social policies of the government in Washington. Cubanpropagandists continued to headline human rights problems in the United Statesand the political chaos in the Reagan White Rouse.

9 Discrimination continues. The politics of the Reagan administrationis considered deplorable by the black commity in America. The blackpopulation has an unemployment rate of 16 percent compared to 6.5percent of the white population.

o Jesse Jackson insists that the domestic and foreign policies of theAmerican government are bankrupt. He also stated that Reagan supportsFascism and the apartheid government in Pretoria, South Africa.

e Violence is comon in American prisons. For example, in Texas 394prisoners were seriously injured (in fights) and 25 were urdered.

* II involved in a murder. A member of the British Parliament insiststhat the niI conspired with British intelligence to kill an anti-nuclear demonstrator.

. o Over 66 Americans freeze to death in sub-zero weather--they did nothave adequate housing or fuel.

3-3

d

.1

J

* Spoil.d and poisoned surplus food. The United States sent poisonedcorn to several countries in Africa. The press in Kenya claims thatWashington is providing African countries with spoiled and poisonedfoods.

The countries of Latin America received 18 percent of the total foreigncoverage in Grams. The following headlines and abstracts provide the tone,blend and emphasis of Cuban propaganda pertaining to Latin America.

o The revolutionaries in 31 Salvador have initiated a military offensiveagainst the government.

- They have defeated and crushed goverument troops.

- They have sabotaged electric generators and other vital publicservices.

s Pledw of solidarity between the revolutionaries of El Salvador andCuba. (Meeting in Havana)*

- The Salvadorian revolutionary delegation (to Havana) reported thatthe United States is interfering with the progress of therevolution.

- The military tyranny (in 1l Salvador) which is in the service ofthe imperialistic forcep has killed over 20,000 innocent farmers.

" The White House refuses to cooperate with NicaraS in seeking apeaceful solution to the political/military situation in Nicaragua.The government in Managua will not be intimidated!

" Demonstrationsp strikes and violence. The people of the DominicanRepublic demonstrated against the govermsnt' s announcement ofincreased food and fuel prices.

a The Mexican economy has been severely hurt by Reagan's economicpolicies.

" Guerrilla attacks on government installations continue countlessly in

LEI." Artwntina and India are hopeful that the smit of six nations for

peace and disarmament will help deter the threat of nuclear war.

s, After 12 years of constant struggle against revolutionary forces, thegovertment of Guatemala has made little progress in defeating theguerrillas.

5, 1-4

S.

.5

% . 5%A . ' . , .,.5 * ... 5 % % 5 - %

" Tension in Jamaica continues-- eight die and many are injured as aresult of riots, after the goverment announced price increases inbasic commodities.

" During the war in the Falkland Islands, a secret agreement betweenGreat Britian and Chile permitted the British to use a Chilean airforce base for British spy planes.

During January 1985, the editors of Grame allocated 14 percent of the total*space (about international affairs) to the Soviet Union. The distribution of

Granna's coverage to the U.S.S.R.9 by general propaganda topic is shown belov:

Topic Subiect Percent

1. The U.S.S.R. supports world peace andnuclear disarment .......................... 382

2. Soviet-Cuban economic/technical assistance......... 19%3. Progress and advances in the Soviet society and

economic systeu 1824. Soviet-Cuban relations and friendship.............. 1225. Diplomatic and foreign relations of the U.S.S.R.... 0726. Soviet-Cuban military relations and friendship..... 06%

1002

Of the total space in Granma, the editors in Havana allocated 62 percent toissues, comments and editorieals about Cuban domestic subjects and the foreignrelations of the Castro goverment. A statistical view of the major subjectsabout Cuba as they appeared in Gramma during Janury 1985 is outlined below:

Topic Subject Percent

1. Art, Theater and Sports............................ 3122. The Cuban Economy, Industry and Technology......... 25Z3. The Military, Civil Defense and the History of

the Revolution .................................... 13%4. Domestic Politics and Coaunists Ideology .......... 1225. Diplomatic and Foreign Relations of the U.S.S.R .... 0726. Soviet-Cuban Military Relations and Friendships .... 06%

1002

--5'

..

.4.

'.* % .. 4 . . . . * ** . . . . . 7*4 .... . . . . -

TASLK OF /zT

4 3Vme mad Proqema Amalpwis for the Pori"d Pats,

S.. .......................... Oee.g ...... e...

Cuban Coverage of the United States~........... 2

U.S. military/Political Uguy,........... 3

The Arne Race and Star War 0)00-. 0-000 ................ 9

American Domestic Politics, the Economy and the

Cuban Print Media Coverage of Latin America and the

15

Cuban Print Media Coverage of the U.8.S.1 9...... G*..*. 21

Cuban Print Media Coverage of Other Countries,*.e..... 24

_am IM. SWmm a, OW AMinsc JSM AM VIXTT .tMwza:.... 30

EcmimIndustry and Te~o~............. 30

Military Civil Defense and the listory 6f the Revolutionj. 32

Domestic Politics and Cimnist Ideology.................0 33

Educatiou, Social Services and Public fealth., ............ . 35

Cuban foreign Nelation 3.*............... 36

A. A Selection of Propaganda Cartoons......oo.............. A-1

i

LIST Of TABLES

Palo

Table 1 - Foreign Uovernments that Received Significant Coverage ..... 2

Table 2 - Cuban Propaganda About the United States........... 3

Table 3 - United States Military/Political Hegemony (by topic) ....... 3

Table 4 - The Arm Race and Star .... ........... ... 9

Table 5 - American Politicsl Economy and Budget............. 12

Table 6 - Coverage of Latin America and the Caribbean (by country)... 15

Table 7 - Coverage of the U.S.S.R (by topic) ................. 22

Table 8 - Coverage of Cuban Issues and Policies............ 31

This report contains an analysis and summary of communist propaganda themesnd topics from the Cuban newspaper Granma -- the official publication of the

Cammunist Party of Cuba. With a circulation of 560,000 copies this authorita-tive newspaper is distributed widely in Cuba and abroad. Gramna is publishedin Spanish, French and English. The information in this report reflects theoverall substance, tone and propaganda emphasis for January 1985 - a total of656 news items and feature stories have been analyzed.

The importance of the daily press in a communist society cannot be overesti-mated. Lenin repeatedly noted that "The newspaper is not only a collectivepropagandist and a collective agitator -- it is also a collective organizer."Today print nmedia reinforces the content of radio and television for conveyingthe "party line" and organizing the masses behind those issues that are impor-tant to the Conmmist Party.

Since the newspaper is a written record it can be used as an authoritativeguide for the political cadre in their indoctrination and propaganda opera-tions. Grassa articulates the policies and position of the Cuban government(and Comunist Party) on important domestic and world issues. It addressesthose matters that are essential to the political socialization of the masses.

The symbolic importance of Grama to the Cuban Communist Party is evident --Gram was the name of the ship that transported Fidel Castro to Cuba for theorganization of the revolution. Fidel Castro has continued to exhibit a keeninterest in directing Cuban propaganda operations. The Cuban leaderoccasionally visits the editorial office of the Communist Party's daily news-paper (Grana&) to direct the placement and provide personal guidance in regardto the substance and tone of propaganda articles. He has also written unat-tributed editorials in Gram.

Most of the conmentary and articles selected to be featured in the communistpress are aimed at: (1) mobilizing popular support for comanist (domesticand foreign) programs and policies; (2) improving the efficiency in carryingout existing policies and/or programs, and (3) criticizing shortcomings in theimplementation of approved domestic policies of the government and the Party.

i -1-

?ART I

C UBA P 3.PTIS AID IPORTIG Of UITrRMT1oUAL ENTS AND ISSUES

In January 1985, 38 percent of the total space in Granma reported events andactivities that occurred in foreign countries or were international in scope.Selected foreign governments that received substantial media attention byHavana in January 1985 are listed in Table 1. (Percent reflects the squarecentimeters of space devoted to Country/Government of the total of foreigncoverage ,)

TABLE 1January December

Rank Country/Government 1985 1984

1. United States .......... ......... ........ 26% 26%2. U•S.S.R. ..... ..... .... . .. . 14Z 13%3. India ..................................... 05Z 0424. 2l Salvador.................................. 042 03Z5. Nicaragua.................................... 042 03269 Prance 032 01%7. United Kingdom ............................... 03Z 022

" 8. Pln 022 01%

9. Dominican Rep c ........................... 021 --%10. Ethiopia ...................... 02 042X11. Cambodia..**......... 02% -Z

12. South Africa ................................ 012 01213. West Germany ................................ 012 01%14. Israel. ................. 9. 9..........99 ....99 012 01%

CMMN PRINT MIA COVERAGE 0 THE M MlT STATES

Granma's news and feature stories are carefully selected and orchestrated tosatisfy the propaganda goals and objectives of the Coimmnist Party of Cuba andthe Castro government. Consequently, the Cuban press highlights articles thatcontained highly negative views of the policies and activities of the UnitedStates government. In fact, 48 percent of all critical coverage in grasmapointedly attacked the United States and the Reagan adinistration.

A statistical view of major Cuban propaganda themes, pertaining to the UnitedStates for the month of January 1985, is contained in Table 2 (percent is thesquare centimeters of space devoted to Topic/Theme of the total of UnitedStates coverage).

-4~-2-

. . .. , . .... ..... . . . . .. ..... ...

Nb AI

TASU 2

Cuban Provaasnda 0Abu the United states

Primary Topic/Theme January 1985

1. American Mlitary/Politiceal Hegemony (YankeeImperilism........ ................ ....... ........... 381

2. Star Wer*, the Arm Race and the Geneva Talkso.... .... 37Z

3. American Domestic Politics, Economy a"d Budgt........ 252

"Yankee Imperialisi" ad "Taufte as, Nemw" are presrved ad fashionable slo-gans of national cinidst partie in all rqIm of the world. Comuis tpropaganda orgenisation repesftay m e mdM bwow aeu' foreign policy isjbased on the desire of the Waft ftia" to * iwo military, political andeconomic hegemony. Is Cube, te eW dath Camist Party newspaperGraus emuphasized, the folleuiug boas M 3. beg a a (see Table 3).(Percent is the square cestmtus ad t. thi We opaumede subject of thetotal of U.S. Military/Pliti*4 ep U)s

United Statft K11m~etal rs

1. * rican Spies, Ispionage and CIA PeramilitaryActiitis ........ 362

2. Political/Military Events in Central ad LatinAwr..... as a so** **so a *s ee.. ........ 341

3. The Pentagon - Military Ezercises and Activities .... 161

4o The Propaganda Va.................. 6

5. American Foreign Military Assistance Program....... 061

1001

-3-

Spies, Esnionase and CIA Paramilitarv Activities

The following headlines and abstracts from Creams indicate the provocativetone, blend, and emphasis of Cuban propaganda concerning the activities of theCIA and Amrican supported espionage.

Afghanis tan

" The CIA leads the may. The Reagan administration is determined tooverthrow the govermu -t of Af bnis tan. A recent report publishedin Cabal has documiented the scope of the secret operations whichwere being conducted by the American CUA in Afghanistan.

* The CIA has coordinated the military aid and assistance being pro-vided to the counterrevolutionaries by other foreign govarnsents.During 1984, the CIA has given the counterinsurgents over $75million dollars in military aids Japan has provided $62 million inaid, the United Kinado $15 million and West Germany $19 million.

" The CIA has provided the counterzovolutionaries in Afghanistan withnow weapons including artillery and som avauced. weapons.

Indis

" The governeent of India revealed that is has uncovered a vast y.a thtat worked for the United States and Western goverments.

- The evidence clearly indicates that the CIA was behind the spyring.

- Six diplomats from the United States, France and West Germany arebeing investigated in regard to the spy ring.

0 Indian security agents are conducting an investigation of the Indianspy vial in the capitals of Western turope. The principal suspectbehind the espionage ring is the Amrican CIA.

Is Prior to the assassination of Indira Gandhi, the Amierican CIA pre-pared a report that out lined the consequsincee of her death on thepolicies of a new Indian govemoient. The new prime minister (RajivGandhi) considers the CIA report to be it Wa toos end rrnaeat.

CIA Paramilitary -Operations

0 'The "death manual." *ewsweek maegazine has confirmed that Amricanmercenaries distributed the CIA (published) death manual to the con-tras in Nicaragua.

-4-

" The Nicaraguan goverment has exposed the plans and activities ofthe CIA in supporting an increased level of sabotage and contraoperations in Nicaragua.

* The Nicaraguan army bas been put on a full alert in order to counterthe new CUA plan of aggression. Over 2,000 CIA trained and sup-ported mercenaries have entered Nicaragua through Honduras.

2MTh CUA has delivered large stocks of military weapons and otherwasupplies to the counterrevolutionaries in Ethionia.

0 Bom ftinea; Pigs. Nine Canadian citizens sue the CIA for beingforced to be the subject of "inuman experiments."

B etween 1957 and 196 2, they were the subjects for experimentsinvolving drogp and shock treatment and other tests performed byDr. Even Cameron of the Allen Memorial Institute of Montreal.

Political adMilitary Events -in Central and Latin America

The following headlines and abstracts from gnaw indicate the overall tome,blend and emphasis of Cuban propaganda articles pertaining to Central andLatin Americat

0 Aerics vrote2s. Many thousands of Americans continue to protest&eagan's militaristic policies in Nicaregua. Peace movements in theU. S. will conduct muss protest rallies if feagan authorises silittryOperations against the g*Verment in Managua.

a Military actions in Nicaragua intensify.

- The Nicaraguan army has killed over 95 contra# during the pasttwo weekt.

- CIA trained and supported contras have destroyed 13 civilianvehicles and attacked seven industrial and social centers inNicaragua.

0 The Reagan administration applies additional pressure on the U.SSg.~ggeito appropriate more money to support the. cont tea and theWar in Nicaragua.

* No peaceful solution. leagan insists on a military solution to theproblm in Central America. The U.S. refuses to continue talks inMexico (with Nicaragua). The Americans only want to se a militarysolution to the problem in Central America.

0 Nicaragua appeals to the International, Court of Justice in anattempt to deter American aggression and international terror.

-5-

- Reagan will not cooperate with international justice.

- Americans admitted to their aggression in Nigaragua, in that theyrefused to argue their case before an international tribunal.

" Nicaragua will not give in to blackmail. The government ofNicaragua strongly desires a peaceful settlement to the politicalproblems in Central America, but they will not give in to militarypresslure.

" The U.S. Congress is of the opinion that the Reagan administration-is violating the law by providing help to the contras in Nicaragua.

More protests in Panama. University and other students stronglyprotest (to the goveruant of Panama) about the joint military exer-cises being conducted by U.S. and Panamanian military forces.

" The Commander in Chief of the American Southern (military) Commandhas been relieved of his command due to changes in the Reagan admi-nistration.

* * The government of Peru has transferred its assets from Americanbanks to other countries because the U.S. government might order theseizure of its funds.

" The American government has seriously injured the Mexican economy byreducing the amount of-its steel imports.

" The United Nations organization has reported that Latin American

countries (with the exception of Cuba) have a ulti-billion dollar

foreign debt. The huge debt is due to American economic hegemonyand imperialism.

" The Reagan administration is applying unnecessary harsh pressure onBrsl to settle its foreign debt (with the U.S.).

" Due to a depression in the American economy, development in LatinAmerican countries will suffer.

" The United States has spent over $20 million occupying and trainingthe Grenada police force. In addition, the Pentagon has developed aparailitary force that can be used to restore order in case of arevolution in Grenada.

* The Pentagon plans to store nuclear wespon in Bermuda.

" More aid for the American puppet in El Salvador. President Reaganhas requested that the U.S. Congress provide $750 million to assistthe dictatorial government of Jose Napoleon Duarte of E1 Salvador.

-6-

" An American Air Force Lighter plane crashed during military trainingexercises in MK .

" More ecamc eggloitation and hegemony. U.S. industry isinterested in exploiting oil and Sao fields in Latin America. As apart of the Amirican and British plan for exploiting and dominatingthe Falkland' Islandsp American industries will be able to exploreand develop gas fields in the llan Island#.

* The British Foreign office has given the U.S. permission to conductoil research in the Falkland. Islands.

" The Mexican government has accused Washington in leading acompsiracy of violence which is being carried out by right-winggroups along the U.S. - Mexican borefr.

Other Items About American Political. Military Negemony

TePentagon. Moign Military Assistance,* and Mutual Security Aaremnts,,

" The Pentagon will provide ftidaE with military assistance whichwill include equipment and training. It is hoped that this aid willnot lead to loss of sovereignty on the pert of the loxambique

* The Americans have installed new military bases in South Clad. Thiscan lead to serious political problems in Africa.

" The ki; government has cancelled 60 agreements with the Pentagonconce~Ig the use of military bases and facilities in Greece.

" The United States is constructing new navy and nuclear kases in

§Z10 AI~a S earmn supports the aggressive and racis t govermnIIIet

" Wes has M agreed to permit U.S. Army Special Forces to bearmed with small =-clear weasns.

" The Pentagon is training its Special Forces troops in Vest Germanyto use small nuclear mines and other devices.* The nuclear weaponsam be carried in a back pack, 'and they hae equivalent power of 250tw of TNT.

" A military tern. from the U.S. Navy arrived in Beijing, China toformalise an agremIIII~nt in the sale of high-tech equipment to theChines

The Proiaaanda War.

4 The Voice of America has installed a new powerful radio transmitterin Puexto Rico. The purpose of this propaganda transmitter is tospread lies and cause subversion in Cuba and other Latin Americancountries.

* The HeritaMe Foundation is the (real) leader of the propaganda pro-grow for the U.S. Government.

- The Heritage Foundation continues to blackmail UNESCO and otherorganizations in the United Nations.

- The Heritaie Foudtion is a far-right organization that controlsall major propaganda decisions made in the White House.

Some other items.

" Since the days of President Kisenhower, the American government hasattempted to. obtain military sweriority over the U.S.S.R.

" The Pentagon has assembled a rapid deployment forces (15,000 men),equipped with nuclear weapons. This aggressive force will be usedto start short and dirty warsp such as the invasion of Grenada.

" Violations of North Korean Air Space. The government of North Koreareported that U.S. Air Force aircraft continue to violate its airspace.

" The New Zealand goverement refuses to give in to Washington inregard to U.S Navy ships docking with nuclear weapons in NewZealand.

* The U.S. and NATO have started large provocative military maneuversin Vast Germany.

- Over 65,000 troops, 21,000 military vehicles and 600 Americanhelicopters are in the field.

- The basic objective of the military exercises is to attack theWrsaw Bloc contries.

-8-.- .- v-.

M MEu eM

Is JAMMar 1985, the editors of the leading Cuban newspaper allocated 37 per-*eut of its coverage of the United States to the subject of the arms race andsaw Umitation (See Table 2). I n feature stories and editorials, the world-wide commist "ae~ and nows services synchronized their rhetoric in regardto the. topic of Sla fM and the Amrican VMclear 9M buildun. The editorsof amgihasise4 the follwing. topics (percent is the square centimeters

of sprn fe thi pro age subject of the total of the Arms ace*, Nii-tarism, Codth mmnea Talks):

MISE 4

TeArM$ !Mc and Star Name

Janary DecemberTopic 19$5 1984

1. Peace movements and arm control........... 600 32 242

2. Star we"s and Space........................... 302 402

3. Production of nuclear ad other

weapon, syetin.................. 072 192

4. Obodcal, and Siological Weapos ............... a17

The following abstracts ad headlines from indicate Ravens's overallpropaganda tone and argoments concersing the arm race ad ars lisi tationtopics:

On the Sub ect of Peace Mvements and the Genev Talk&

" The exit all .bm l erting depens on the White louse - The SovietUnion has speed to a totalfrgg of nuclear weapons.* Moscow hasdoe its part, am it is up to Wash--*--On*

* The ment meeting between, 2hults and Growyk willI be the one of "thebig decision.' It is Rean's tura to compinise.

" The gone"a talks awe critical to the future of mankind. The peoplead Soverats of the wrld dessed that progress be sad. to controlunclear and space weapoe-it is up to the United States to meet thechallenge.

o lard-line delemation. The Amierican delegation of arm control and theGeneva talks are old tie hard liners. Reagan does not favor armcontrol.

-9-

a R.egan will net be reasonable in regard to the Soviet position on armsossirel. The White Rouse will insist that the U.S. policy on armcontrol prevail.

a The Pentagon admits that the gaited States is likely to ignore theprevisions of the SALT It Treaty.

*Delegates fres the Mediterranan and Middle last Cammist Partiesstrongly condomed the erms race caused by the U.S. and VATO.

* The Soviet Union insists that ay imrovement in the relations betweenthe U.S.$.& end the gnited States mast be based on parity and aserious respect for the national interests of both countries.

* The Ne okTm reported that the Amrican deegation to Genevawill take a hard lie which the Soviets will certainly reject.

" Shuits and Gramyko met in Geneva to discuss the Geneva Talks and pos-sibilities for a mneaingful disarmmnt agenda. The internationalpress and world public opinion demand that Reagan stop the Star Warsprogram and the arm race.

* Kenneth Adelusa, the Director of the American agency for arm control,visited Romania to discuss international relations and arms controliOsse.

" The White goose is pessimistic in regard to any agreement betweenShultz and Gromyko in regard to arm control. The Amricans willinsist on a tough position and will not give in to Soviet proposals.

" The U.S. Senate bee requested that the Reagan administration adopt amore reasonable and flenible position in regard to the Geneva Talks.

" A serious fend has developed between the American. Secretary of State(Shults) and the Secretary of Defense (Weinberger) in regard to thearm control talks in Geneva. lach insists that his point of viewprevail in Geneva.

s, Peace Movements in London demonstrated against the American and NATOposition in regard to the arms rae. People all over the world sup-port the Soviet position on disarmament.

a An international conference to protest war and the arm race will con-ven in levana.

f orty nations from all over the world will attend this conferencefor peace.

-10-

- The agenda will consist of a discussion of nuclear, biological/chemical warfare and conventional weapons.

The participants will discuss the economic consequences of thearms race to developing countries.

The aggression of American and NATO political propaganda will alsobe discussed.

" The Reagan administration has little regard for the desires of theAmerican people for peace--most Americans are against the nuclear armsrace. The money being allocated for the arms race should be used tofight cancer and other diseases. The Cuban people cannot understandthe capitalistic mind.

, Reagan discusses arms control, the economy and the budget with leadersfrom the U.S. Congress and the Geneva arms control delegation.

On the Subject of Space and Star Wars

* The Reagan administration will not compromise in regard to itsposition on continuing the Star Wars program. This position canseriously destroy all prospects for success in Geneua.

*" The mission of the American Space Shuttle Discovery is to launch mili-tary weapons into space. The Pentagon's secret space mission is dan-gerous to the peace of the world.

* The militarixation of space - an obstacle to peace.

- The Pentagon insists on obtaining military supremacy over theU.S.S.R.

- The Reagan administration will spend over $26 billion on researchand development for the Star Wars project (during the next fiveyears).

* The Space Shuttle Discovery will launch several military spy satel-lites-final arrangements have been completed for this military sis-sion.

0 The Space Shuttle Discovery has been launched on a secret militarymission-it will release a spy satellite over the U.S.S.R. NASA worksfor the Pentagon in regard to space missions and Star Wars.

0 Reagan defends his position on Star Wars and the arms race. ThePentagon will get its way in regard to obtaining superiority over theSoviets.

-11-

* Star War* haa created new threats to the peace of the world. Unf or-tusatelyp an irreversible situation will develop, if Reagan insists onhis Star Wers program.

* The Soviet Astronaut Shatalov stated that he does not favor the mili-tarisatios of space - weapons in space will detract from the peacefuluse of space (by all nations of the world).

* Prominent scientists. from the Soviet Union,, France, Italy, GreatBritain and last Germany will confer in Vatican City in order toreview the crisis in regard to Reagan' s Star Wars program. The situ--ation is serious to the peace of the world.

* The Gra Pr in the West German parliament has rejected and pro-tested the pasitin of losn in regard to supporting Reagan' s Star Warsprogram. The money should be need to improve the enviroent for allthe people of the world.

aMEMNM Imimc SEEim ume M -MThe editors of f bombarded their readers with articles critical of theeconmic end amYpolicies of the government in Washington. Cuban propagaw-diets continued to discuss hums rights problems in the United States and thepolitical chaos in the Reqa White louse. The data in Table 5 reflects thedistribution of space (in Or&*=s) concerning the following topics and othercoverage for January 1983.

TASLI 5

1. The American Nconomy and Budget ...... 53Z2. Other Topics .............................. 2423. luain RighIts and Freedom ....... 000***.. 13Z4. Awrican Domestic Politics ................ 102

The following paragraphs -contain selected exemplee of the tone, blend andemphasis of Cuban propaganda pertaining to the general topics listed above:

TeAmerican Icomav and the Sudeet

" Iverybody wants a piece of teaction. Monopolies and the forcedtake-over of corporations is the economic strategy for the 1930s.Capitalistic monopolies will prevail in the U.S..

e The U.S. Rouse of Representatives strongly opposes the Reagan budetwhich would reduce social security benefits.* The congress has #S-gested that the White Rouse reduce the military budget.

-12-

* The American economy is in a depression. Retail sales have droppeddrastically.

" The U.S. goverment has failed in its economic responsibilities per-taining to the operation of the Panama Canal. M any of the costs thatare charged to the administration of the canal should be paid by theAmerican government.

* The U.S. budget deficit will be $218 billion in 1985.

* The Xerox Corporation will close several of its plants in California.

" The tax revenues received from American corporations decreased 19 per-cent while their profits during the period increased over 50 percent.

* American farmers are in a depression. The Reagan administrationclaims that the economy is improving, but farmers in Nebraska are indeep economic trouble.

" The majority of small businesses in the U.S. are being threatened bybankruptcy.

01 The majority of American economists have serious doubts over Reagan'seconomic policies.

% The American Congress will take no serious actions to reduce the bud-get deficit.

" Congress and the White House disagree on the means to lower the budgetdeficit.

" Economic predictions for the future.

- Computers will replace much of the American labor force.

- Soil erosion in the U.S. will dramatically reduce the productionof agricultural products.

- The number of old people in the U.S. will increase dramatically.

" The White House will reduce the federal budget for medical research--this will have a serious impact on research for cancer and heartdisease, etc.

Human Rights and Freedom

" Discrimination continues. The politics of the Reagan administrationis considered deplorable by the black comunist in America. The blackpopulation has an unemployment rate of 16 percent compared to 6.5 per-

cent of the white population.

-13-

* Demonstrations continue in New York and other cities against racialdiscrimination in South Africa, and the Reagan administration supportof the government in South Africa.

* Jesse Jackson insists that the domestic and foreign policies of theAmerican governet is bankrupt. He also stated that Reagan supportsFascism and the aparthied government in Pretoria.

" Violence is comon in American prisons. For example, 394 prisonerswere seriously injured (in fights) and 25 were murdered in Texasprisons.

* The City of Los Angeles has the highest crime rats of any city in theworld-over 2,000 people were murdered in 1983. The crime rate inAmerican cities continues to increase.

" Crime in the U.S. continues to increase. There are over 720,000criminals in American jails.

S FBI involved in a murder. A member of the British Parliament insiststhat the FI conspired with British intelligence to kill an anti-nuclear demonstrator. Apparently the victim had secret information inregard to the sinking (by the British) of an Argentine cruiser duringthe war in the Palkland Islands.

" The Reagan administration is trying to avoid a public debate con-cerning its human rights policies.

• Pope John Paul 11 meets with Jesse Jackson to discuss the human rightssituation in South Africa.

* Over 66 Americans freeze to death during a cold winter--they did not

have adequate housing.

Domestic Politics and Other Topics

vice President Bush and Mr. Mclarlane visited Honduras. Mclarlane wasfired from one job in the White House because of internal arguments.

e There ware many resignations in the Reagan administration as a resultof differences between the President and his advisors.

" The United States sent poisoned corn to several countries in Africa.The press in Kenya claims that Washington is providing Africancountries with spoiled and poisoned surplus foods.

* The Union Carbide plant in West Virginia had a toxic leak which wassimilar to the tragedy in Bophal, India.

" The PentAon building is invaded by huge numbers of cockroaches.

-14-

" The Chinese and Japanese governments criticize the American decisionto quit the WASO organization.

" The U.S. military-indus trial complex supported the election of thosecandidates that favor the arms race--especially the production of 141nuclear missiles.

* The US.S.R. and the United States will exchange opinions in regard tothe political situation in the Middle last.

COSM vM MnTA COovuR OF LAM wMCA AM TUE CAIZDAN

The countries of Latin America, (South America, Central America, Mexico andthe Caribbean) received 18 percent of the total foreign coverage in Grra inJanuary 1965. Table 5 reflects the percent of space allocated, by the editors

4of Grrz' to the selected countries of Latin America. The following show"the distribution (of the 18 percent of foreign coverage) on an individualcountry basis:

TABLE 6

Country January 1985

1. ........... Reulc............ 0000 9900 9999099.. 01Z* 19 ...4.. Brazil....... ............. 031

1. Mexc.... 999 ... *............ 041

S 1. Argentin.................9.............. 0119 ota 041

The maoiyo0h3roaad rilsdeoe oE avao Gam)wr

15*-15-Toa

The~ maoiyo h rpgnaatce dvtdt 1Slao Gam)wr

- They have defeated and crushed government troops.

- They have sabotaged electric generators and other vital publicservices.

0 The struggle between the Salvadorian revolutionaries and the armedforces of Salvador continues relentlessly.

* The guerrillas in El Salvador intensify their revolutionary actions.

* The revolutionaries destroyed the key bridge over the Torola River.

* The Salvadorian armed forces were overwhelmed by the revolutionariesin Operation Torola V.

• The guerrilla forces killed 32 government soldiers and obtained con-trol of the roads leading to Santa Rosa.

• The Salvadorian guerrillas have destroyed the railroad system.

* A Pledge of solidarity was made between the revolutionaries of ElSalvador and Cuba. (Meeting in Havana.)

- The Salvadorian revolutionary delegation (to Havana) reported thatthe United States is interfering with the progress of the revolu-tion.

- The military tyranny, (in El Salvador) which is in the service ofthe imperialistic forces, has killed over 20,000 innocent farmers.

, The Catholic Church in El Salvador insists that a dialogue betweenthe government and the revolutionary forces could lead to peace.

* A guerrilla group (FMIJ) accused government troops of looting,burning civilian property, and terrorizing the civilian population.

0 The Salvadorian president does not have full authority over the mili-tary and right wing groups. His lack of authority makes it difficultfor him to conduct a meaningful dialogue with the revolutionaryforces.

• Political violence continues. The leader of the Popular DemocraticUnity Party, Dr. Jose Simon Parada, was kidnapped by governmentsecurity forces. Violence continues between political parties on theleft and right.

• Salvadorian military forces killed over 2,000 innocent civiliansduring 1984.

-16-

Nicaragua

The majority of the propaganda space devoted to Nicaragua concerned Americansupport for the contras and the activities of the Nicarguan army (and people)

*in fighting the counterinsurgepts. Inasmuch as the articles, dealing with theactivities of the contras and the war in Nicaragua, have already been discus-sed, this section will only describe other propaganda topics.

* The government of Nicaragua will make every respectable effort tosolve the crisis in Central America through diplomacy and peacefulnegotiations. However, the goveriment will not be intimidated by theUnited States.

* A Cuban agricultural mission worked in Nicaragua for four years--theyestablished several agricultural-industrial centers dealing with theproduction of sugar products.

* The Nicaraguan minister of the Interior emphasized the desire of thegoverment for a peaceful solution to the problems in CentralAmerica.

0 The White House refuses to cooperate with Nicaragua in seeking apeaceful solution to the political/military situation in Nicaragua.

Dominican Republic

* The president of the Dominican Republic announced new increases inthe cost of gasoline and other petroleum products, and a surcharge onthe price of electricity.

. The people of the Dominican Republic protested the unreasonable eco-nomic measures imposed by the International Monetary Fund. Theserestrictions have severely hurt the poor people in the DominicanRepublic.

* Demonstrations, strikes and violence. The people of the DominicanRepublic demonstrated against the government's announcement ofincreased food and fuel prices.

o More riots and the destruction of civilian property. The people con-tinue to demonstrate against the increase in basic prices for foodand fuel.

0 The police and military forces continue to conduct raids and opera-tions to destroy insurgent political groups.

0 The Dominican Republic has a severe shortage in medical supplies andservices.

-17-

4:* *,*', *.* ---

Brazil

o The new president of Brauil insists that his goverment will employall diplomatic means to insure that America will not invadeNicaragua.

* There has been a serious increase in the number of crimes and socialproblems in San Paulo.

e Floods in Brazil cause considerable death and destruction of pro-perty.

0 Chile declined an invitation to attend the inauguration of the Presi-dent elect of Brazil.

e Many people in Brazil would like to see the reestablishment of diplo-

matic relations with Cuba.

Mexico

" The Secretary of Energy of the goverument of Mexico urges that tradewith socialist countries be increased.

- Capitalist countries continually restrict their scope of tradewith Mexico.

- Trade with the socialist block countries would be to the advantage

of the goverme nt of Mexico.

* The Mexican government attempts to work with the Salvadorian govern-mat in order to find a peaceful solution to the problems in CentralAmerica.

" The Mexican president, Miguel Do La Madrid, criticied the highinterest rates of American banks, the money spent on fuel and thearms race. The huge sums of money spent on weapons should be used tosupport the underdeveloped countries.

* The Mexican economy has been severely hurt by Reagan's economic poli-,* cies.

Bolivia

" Former Bolivian military officers living in Spain were arrested afterbeing implicated in a conspiracy to overthrow the goverment ofBolivia.

" The Bolivian elections will be postponed.

-18-

* The Bolivian Commnist Party celebrated its 25th anniversary.

" Bolivia reaffirmed its treaties with Cuba in the field of educationand health.

Per

" Guerrilla terrorist attacks on government installations continue inPeru.

" The government of Peru announced that its military forces willcontinue to fight all guerrilla groups.

" The military command of Peru stated that it will abide by the resultsof the national elections.

e Conference on human righto (in Peru). An agenda for discussing humanrights included the following topics:

- The torture and imprisonment of innocent people.

- The violation of constitutional rights of citizens.

- The accounting for missing persons.

- An nesty for political prisoners.

• Since the government of Peru assumed power, over 6,000 civilians havedisappeared.

• The civil guard of Peru killed 11 more civilians - in factp over 40people have been killed by the military recently.

" The Press in Peru continue to investigate the murder (two years ago)of eight journalists.

• The gover-ment of Peru has increased the price of all goods and ser-vices in an attempt to lower the foreign debt.

W orkers strike against the government's policies to increase the con-trolled price of public transportation and gasoline.

* The government of Peru has announced that it is transferring itsassets from American to other banks because it fears siezure of itsdeposits in the United States.

* Arientina

• The unemployment rate in Argentina is more than 10 percent of thework force.

-19

-4*

1. .;

" G"orment employee continue to strike in their demand for higher

" Arnentina end Indi re hopefull that the summit of six nations forMce and dismmnM will help deter the threat of nuclear var.

s Argentina and Cuba re increasing their comercial relations. arL-tim negotiations betwen the two countries will be epanded.

" The government of Uruguay intend, to release political prisonersunder a now mseety law.

* There have been nu assssination attempts in Uruguay against left-vin political party leaders.

" Under its new consititution, the government of Uruguay intend, toOuilow the detention of political prisoners.

* Guerrilla forces in Guatemala kill 18 government soldiers in fiercebat tles.

" The military regime of Guatemala continues to suffer loses from theO"gerilla ay of the poor" - another 19 become combat casualties.

* After 12 year. of constant struggle against revolutionary forces, thegoveriment has made little progress in defeating the guerrillas.

" A new Social-Democratic Party has been formed in Guatemala.

Columbia

* The government of Columbia and the members of the revolutionaryforces have agreed to continue the armistice.

" A Columbian army headquarters was attacked by a combined commandoforce (formed by the Revolutionary Armed Forces and the NationalLiberation Amy). Tw6 cmmwIos were killed. government forces didnot report any casualties.

e The Columbian revolutionary comand accused the government ofviolating the truce agreement.

-20-

" The National Liberation and the Comission of Peace continued theirdiscussions in regard to a political solution to the situation inColumnbia.

* The crime rate continues to increase iu Columbia.

.9 Tension in Jamaica continues - 8 die as a result of riots,. af ter thegovernment announced price increases in basic commodities.

*Protests and riots continue in Jamica-4 die and 15 are injured bypolice actions.

* The people of J amaica continue to protest. The poor people are f rue-trated due to the depressed economic situation in Jamaica.

CMile

* Owring the war in the Falkland Islands a secret agreement betweenGreat Britain and Chile, permitted the British to use a Chilean airforce base for British spy planes.

" The Plnochet regime continues to harass and censor the news media.Many nawspaper reporters have disappeared.

eThe Comnist Party of Chile pledges that it will continue to fightuntil the dictatorial regime of Pinochet is destroyed.

e Bolivia strongly criticizes the dictatorial *policies of the govern-mnt of Chile.

- PW MM Rom Wv -s s.s.s.Owring January 1985, the editors of 1rm allocated 14 percent of its space(about international affairs) to events, topics and issues of the SovietOnion. The following table shows the distribution of Grima' s coverage of theVe...9. by general propaganda topic and/or subject. (Percent is the squarecentimesters of spae for the Topic/Subject of the total for the U.8.8.1).

-21-

TAILS 7

Toiic/Subiect January 1985

1. The U.S.S.R. supports world peace and nucleardisauinnt................................... 381

2. Soviet-Cuban econuticteebuical. assistanceand relatims....................... 191

3. Progress and adacsin the Soviet society andeconomic ..... ..... 0............ . 8

4. Soviet-Cubaurelations and friendship................... 121

5. Diplmtic and foreign relations of the U.BS............ 071

6. Soviet-Cuban military relations and friendship ........... 062

Total 1001

The following abstracts and headlines indicate the editorial tone, blood andemphasis of Cuban propaganda in regard to the Soviet Union on select topics.

e The purpose of the friendship visit of a Sovie nava fleet to Cuba isto strengthen the friendship between the U.S.,S.R. end the gover um-ntand people of Cuba.

o Moscow provided the goverment in Navana with the latest technicalequipment for the development and dissgemination of oemanda. Theequipment was provided to train propagandist (jurit tEudente) ofthe Comunist Party of Cuba.

" 1g ranking officials (professionals) from the 9.S,8S.R will attendthe Geneva disarmment talks.

" The Soviet leader has made it very clear that it is imperative to thesurvival of the world that the people of the world support the Sovietposition on disrmament (ad an end to nuclear weapons).

" The India Ocean should be a sucler tro (peace) sone. Represents-tives, from the socialist states metinoscow to support Soviet pro-posals for nuclear disarmament and peace.

* In a speech in Moscow, a high level Cuban Comnist Party memberemphasised that the goverment of Cuba will continue its economicdevelopment based on socialist principles in spite of the Americaneconomic blockade that has existed for 24 years.

-22-

* Moscow is recruiting more C to attend nine new agricul-tural engineering courses in the Soviet Union.

* The U.S.S.R. is ephsising more intellectual and humanistic coursesin this educational system.

s, Prawja reprints Fidel Castro's speech on economic efficiency.

e The Soviet Union completed over 200 major construction and/or major

modernisation projects in 1983. They included:

- the construction of hydroelectric power plants

- the construction of gas pipelines

- the construction of modern iron and steel facilities

- the development and assembly of industrial robots

- the development of new equipment for the extraction of petroleum

- now machines for agriculture, textiles and sugar refining.

A A new industrial experiment. Major industries in the U.S.S.R. will begiven more economic freedom in order to stimulate production and ini-tiative.

• The U.S.S.R. will provide more scholarships to Cuban students in thefields of surveying and agriculture.

* Soviet and Cuban geologists have prepared and published the first geo-logical map of Cuba-it is the first of its kind in Latin America.

* The Cuban Minister of loreign Trade is in Moscow to discuss bilateraleconomic exchanges for 19835.

• Moscow celebrates the 132nd anniversary of the birth of Jose Marti-a19th Century Cuban revolutionary hero.

" Econmic cooperation between the Soviet Union and Cuba will beimcred during 1985.

" SavAt transportation specialists arrived in Cuba to study and work onthe improvement of the lavana metro System.

" The Cuban government has signed and ratified an agreement with Moscowfor mutual cooperation in the field of Iublic health. Soviet doctorswill be permitted to practice in Cuba. The agreement will includefacilities for the advance treatment of cardiology patients.

-23-

0 Cuban scientists will work with Soviet scientists in various disci-plines including biology and the social sciences.

* The U.S.S.R. is the leader in the development and use of nuclear powerfor industry and other cammercial requirements. The Soviet Union isexperimenting with the use of ocean tides for the generation of power.

a A recent book published in the Soviet Union outlines the cooperationbetween Cuba and the U.S.S.R. in comerce, industry and foreignaffairs.

• The govOment of the U.S.S.R provided Ethiopia with a complete bospi-tal. The hospital will be able to provide medical treatment andassistance to over 51,000 refugees (in Ethiopia).

India

Events in India received five percent of the foreign coverage in the Cubanpress (in January 1985 - see Table 1). The topic that received primary mediacoverage was the uncovering of a major foreign spy ring. The followingabstracts and headlines indicate the tone and scope of Cuban propagandarelated to India.

0 Indian security officers reveal the scope of the foreign spy ring.

- Two goverument employees and two French citisens were implicatedin the espionage network.

- Six diplomats from the U.S., France and West Germany were part ofthe espionage ring.

- The American CIA ws in control of the spy ring.

- Security officials continue to conduct a nation-wide search forall Indian goverment officials connected with the internationalspy ring.

Thousands of Indians demonstrated and protested against the Union CarbideCorporation-they demanded fair and quick compensation to the victims ofthe poison gas disaster.

" %ore than 130 cases of stillborn deaths and abortions have beenreported in Bhopal-they were the result of the poison gas leak in theUnion Carbide plant.

" India, as the head of the non-aligned countries, has a primaryresponsibility to oppose the arms race and the Star Wars program.

-24-

a India urges all world leaders and governmeent of ficiale to stop nuclearweapons testing and exercises. Nuclear disarumsut is essential forthe survival of mankind.

* The Indian government has announced the creation of a took force tosolve the problims between the Mos lems and Hindus.

* The Indian govermnt strongly supports peace and does not desire anyconf lict with Pakistan. The policy of the govermennt is to have an

indpedet foreign policy favorable toward nonaligned countries andworld peace.

rance

s, High ranking officials of the French and Cuban coiunist parties dis-cussed the relationship between the two parties and the internationalsituation in regard to Central America and Yankee Imperialism.

o Cultural-scientific and technical cooperation between France and Cuba.

- The French (governmnt) Foreign Minister for Mutual Cooperationend Development arrived in Havaa to review technical and scien-tific relations between the two countries.

- Topics discussed between France and Cuba included: (1) Cuban-French relationsl (2) the economic crisis in Latin Amrica,, (3)the political/military crisis in Central Amrica, (4) the Genervatalks and ways to peace, and (5) =800C and the role of France inthe Unmited Nat ions Organization.

s, The French problems in Xev Caledonia.

- bs French governent decided to reinforce its military forces inAlew Caledonia in order to insure order and public safety.

s, Cuba celebrated with Poland the 40th Anniversary of the liberation ofPoland from Nazisa.

* Polish security officers Involved in the muarder of the Catholic priesttestified that Captain Piorowski was the leader and the man whomuardered the priest.

-25-

C -t~1I

United Xinjldou

* Tb. British press decided not to report any information in regard tothe International Anti-nuclear trial which is in session in London.NATO and the United States are accused of nuclear proliferation (andblaekmail) in Western Europe.

* British pacifists continue their vigil outside of the American nuclearbase at Greenham. Cmon, England. They brave the severe cold tomaintain their protests.

" The British police arrest more anti-nuclear demonstrators in London.

s The coal Ume strike in Great Britian. (A series of articles.)

- British miners refuse to give in to the demands of the goveruemnt--they will remain on strike.

- The British railroad union announced a 24 hour strike in order tosupport the demands of the coal miners.

- The An Church in England support the demands of the coalminers for justice.

- The British government continues to harass the miners. They usepropaganda and economic pressure in order to break the spirit andunity of the miners.

- The conservative British government refuses to communicate withthe leaders of the coal strike.

* The British parliament intends to reexamine the sinking of the Argen-tinian cruiser General elzramd. The cruiser was needlessly attackedby the British Navy during the war in the Yalkand Islands.

South Africa

" The South African Army conducts provocative military exercises inNamibia -- 40 kilometers from Angola.

The exercise is called Irom list and several thousand soldiers areinvolved in the maneuvers.

- The exercise is a prelude for a possible invasion of Angola.

" mlore violence. In demonstrations (by the people of South Africa)against apartheid, the police killed one demonstrator and wounded fiveothers.

-26-

" The SabotaMe continues. A counterrevolutionary army supported by thegoverment of South Africa destroyed the power lines that supplyelectricity to the capital city of Mosambique--Mobuto.

" The president of the African National Congress will meet with theSouth African gover nent if they are serious about ending theapartheid system.

" Zimbabwe has extended it emergency period due to guerrilla attacksfrom South Africa.

" undreds of civilians were arrested by the South African policebecause they protested the high cost of housing.

" The goverment of Tansania refused to accept the proposal, by theSouth African goveruent, to link the independence of Namibia with thepull-out of Cubans from Angola.

Israel

e Overatiom Moses involved the kidnapping of thousands of Ethiopian Jewswho were sent to the Sinai.

- The Israeli goverument kidnapped the Ethiopians based on theexcuse they were being rescued from drought and starvation.

- The United States government assisted the Israeli* in this eviloperation.

- This is just another way for the state of Israel to expand itsterritory.

" Israel unilateraly suspended its negotiations with Lebanon in regardto the evacuation of Israeli troops from the south.

* The Israeli army continues its acts of terror and murder in Southern

Lebanon.

Nosembique

e The Pentagon is providing military aid to the goverme nt ofNosambique.

e The government of Mosambique insists that American military aid will

not affect its sovereignty.

e The armed forces of Mosambique reported that they killed over 100 con-

tree during December.

" A bus is attacked by bandits--27 innocent civilians were killed.

-27-

MUMM.- - .uI C

* The American Undersecretary of State for Africa visited Mozambique--hediscussed the situation in South Africa and United States-Mozambiquerelations.

* The U.S. government will send 40,000 tons of corn to Mozambique.

South Korea

* South Korean and American military forces conduct provocative and veryextensive military exercises along the North Korean border.

* Five Korean civilians were killed and 11 seriously injured by SouthKorean police during peaceful political demonstrations. The govern-ment of South Korea refuses to recognize political opposition parties.

* The two Koreas cannot get together because of the political tensioncaused by the American military occupation of South Korea.

Thailand

0 Thailand continues its agaression against Kawuchea. The leader ofKampuchea congratulates the army for the successful operations againstThai military forces. He urges the people to unite behind the govern-ment and the army.

C-

* Thailand's continuing aggression toward Indochina.

- Thailand's army occupies Laos.

- The Thai army trains contras to operate in Kampuchea.

The Bangkok government continues to oppress and restrict the move-ment of Vietnamese residents (in Thailand).

0 Thailand is being used to stage American military aggression againstIndochina.

* Guerrillas trained in Thailand continue to attack frontier villages inKampuchea--many peasants have been killed and their homes and propertydestroyed.

* China'9

- The negotiations between the government of the U.S.S.R. and China wereconcluded successfully. There will be an expansion of trade andfriendly relations between the two governments.

- Vietnam has requested that the Chinese military cease their attacks on

the border towns. Vietnam desires peace with China and is willing to*negotiate all outstanding issues.

-28-

%

- ,.* , : . . , % ., , C 94 4 * ,', . C. .- . . ,. . . % . = .% % . =

* Vietnam has unilaterally established a truce with China.

West Germany

0 U.S. Army installations in West Germany are constantly being attackedby revolutionary groups.

H lelmut" Kohl, the Chancellor of West Germany, participated in aRevonchist reunion with Sileuians.

- This group claims territory (for Germany) that belongs to Poland.

- The Coimunist Party of Germany and the press emphasized that theactions of Kohl were alarming and provocative.

- Germany has no right to claim territory that belongs to Poland.

, The government of West Germany refuses to consider steps to decreaseenvIronmental pollution. Air contamination is critical and dangerousto the health of all citizens.

* An official of the West German parliament stated that prior to theestablishing diplomatic relations with Cuba, the West German foreignminister should travel to Cuba.

'

*1

.4

--29-

-,*.,-..-. P-%•9P-,... '-..9-.. '.-.-.-,- .- %'... %,..a- \ :%V

PART 11

COVERAE OC UU ISSUES AND POLICIES

Of the total space in Granma, the editors in Havana allocated 62 percent toissues, comment and editorials about domestic subjects and the foreignrelations of the Castro government. A statistical view of major subjectsabout Cuba as they appeared in Granma during January 1985 is shown in Table 8,below. (Percent is the square centimeters of space of the total coverage oftopics related to Cuba.)

Table 8

Topic/Subject January 1985

1. Art, Theater and Sports........................... 31%

2. Cuban Economy, Industry and Technology ............. 25Z

3. Military, Civil Defense and the History ofthe Revolution ............... ... o.............. 13%

4. Domestic Politics and Communist Ideology.......... 121

5. Education, Social Services and Public Health...... 10Z

6. Cuban Foreign Relations." 09%Total 100%

The following paragraphs are intended to provide the reader with briefabstracts, headlines or slogans pertaining to the above topics with theexception of art, theater and sports. In Cuba, as in all ciunist societies,the tone, blend and emphasis of art, theater and even recreation are used tosupport the propaganda goals of the communist party.

The Cuban Economy, Industry and Technology.

" Castro's guidance (for 1985) to all managers of Cuban industries.

- Production methods and techniques must be radically improved.

- Managers should investigate new means to increase profits.

- Cuban products should be used instead of imports.

- Machinery must be used more efficiently.

q

-30-

M ORU S C CA

- Each industry should be profitable.- The focus for Cuban economic policy in 1985 must emphasise:

- the conservation of all fuels and onergy, and

- an all-out effort to increase exports.S *i- te * c W assistance and cooperation, Cuba has agreemeats

with 30 countries to provide technical assistance and training. moreyoung Cubans than ever before are being trained in socialistcountries.

• The national inventory of #pare parts for Cuban industries and tradeswill be completed by February 1965.

0 Cuban run received an international award for its high quality at anEast German trade fair. Over $25 million in run products wereexported (in 1984).

* Top priority must be given to all export industries.

- The quality of all export products mist be improved,

- Management and workers mut do their utmost to provide aualityoroducts and meet export schedules.

* Cuban economists presented the government with a master plan toincrease exports by $500 million in the iintdiate future.

• A critical shortage of plastic bags prevented farmers from exportingtheir green pepper crop.

• More training and experts are needed to insure continued qualityexports of Cuban tobacco products.

" Although the sugar harvest was favorablet too much sugar cane was leftin the fields to waste.

" Only four provinces fullfilled their quotas in the sugar harvest.

Some of the reasons for the poor harvest weres

- Too much rain.

- Farmers need better machinery to condition the soil for plantingof sugar crop.

- The workers were late in harvesting the sugar crop.

-31-

9 Agriculture, and the auger industry in particular, must do much betterto conserve electricity and petroleum products.

9 Cuban fisherman and farmers mst have courage in order to achievetheir production quotas - Cubans should give their utmost to theirsocialist country.

owring the period of 1981-84p Cuba recorded the highest increase inthe production of bea y industrial products than any country in LatinAmerica.

SLarge industrial plants that use more electricity and petroleum pro-ducts than planned (authorised) will be inspected to insure that allenergy sources we rationed.

* Increasing Cuban eorts is a battle for workers and stevedores.

- Port workers must have a better attitude and work more offi-ciently.

- The unloading and storing of products for exports mast be donequickly and more efficiently.

Port workers must help to improve the situation in all Cuban ports.They mt abide by schedules and time tables; they should work moreefficiently and they must conserve fuel and energy.

e Cuban port workers must be more careful in regard to the unloading offrovm uroducts. The dimge to frosen foods has been excessive. Ifneeded, overtime pay should be autborised.

" Cuban stevedores in Havana increased their productivity by formingchain line operations.

" In order to make socialism work, all Cubans mut do mor with less anddo it better.

Military. Civil Defense and the History of the Revolution.

Activities of the Cuban Navy and Merchant Marine.

- The role of the Cuban Navy is to defend the nation regardless ofcost (to the death).

- Another Cuban training ship was launched in Santiago. This is thethird ship of fourteen planned by Cuban dockyards.

- The Cuban merchant marines trained (graduated) 67 navy officers inpolitical work propaganda.

-32-

The Cubs merchant marine* must be expanded in order to reduce adependncy on foreign ships in the export of Cuban products.

s The second national conference of the society of Militarism andPatriotim.

- 273 delegations attended the conference.

The primary subject was to develop programs and methods to preparethe Cuban people to defend the nation.

All Cubans mst be trained in civil defense.

a The entire population should be encouraged to join local civil defenseunits.

Children in the second grade and above should join civil defenseunits with their parents.

it is important that the entire Cuban population be involved inthe construction and maintenance of civil defense sheolers andtrowdhn and key defense positions.

0 Officers of the Cuban armed revolutionary forces received medals andcitations for strengthening the combat fraternity.

e Veterans of the revolution were awarded medals and citations in recog-nition of their combat actions during the Cuban revolution.

A A role model was identified -- Frank Pais - A Cuban Revolutionary.

e The Society of Militarism and Patriotism emphasised the theme that allcitisens must be trained in the proper use of weapons in order todefend the country.

" The Cuban people and military forces honor the 40th anniversary of theSoviet victory over Masts.

" The local militia mst be prepared (i.e., conduct drills) in civiliandefense. Rach member of the militia (and his femily) should constructtrenches and defensive, positions.

Dometic Politics and Comnist Ideoloav.

• Celebration and activities related to the 132nd anniversary of thebirth of Jose Marti - a 19th Century Cuban revolutionary and nationalhero.

- The XXV National Youth Seminar will be dedicated to the life andworks of Jose Marti.

-33-

- A national reading and literacy campaign will be dedicated to thelife of Jose Marti.

- All segments of the Cuban society will discuss the life and worksof Joe Marti*

0 The Cuban Comunist Party is the hope and guide for the future.

- Members of the Camist Party must be the guardians of theircountry end the revolution.

- The Coanist Party moat not only serve Cuba but socialism andcomnim around the world.

- The Cuban Comnist Party must s trees unity of thought and ideas.

e The actions of Cuban womn in support of comunism and the revolution.

- Women and children are willing to die for the revolution.

- Castro congratulates the Ntim 1 ittee of thVederation ofCubes Wome for supporting socialism during the past 25years.

e The meeting of the Third Rangres of the Comaiist Party of Cuba wasnheld; key objectives includedt

- A critical analysis of the accomplishentes of the Lenuit partyduring 1984.

- A review of the objectives of Cuban economic development plans tothe year 2000.

- The Cuban people should be informed and proud of the accomplish-ments of the cmmnist party.

e Members of the Provisicial Comittee of the Cuban Comnist Party wereurged to study carefully the contents of Castro's speeches in regardto the economy.

9 The Comuniet Party and socialism continue to flourish in Cuba inspite of Yankee Imperialism end all of the efforts of Washington todestroy the revolution.

9 lavana. school students received awards and honors for their role inindoctrinating 80,000 young peasants to #Accet and wders tand thepbilosophy of the revolution, culture and politics.

-34

Ifucatigg, Social Services and Public Healtho PhySical education teachers must create new values for sports in the

Cuban society.

- Cuban youth must demonstrate that they were born to win.

- Cubansmust be physically prepared to fight in the trenches.

a The Cuban youth will be the leaders in the Year 2000 - they mset beprepared to fight for the revolution.

0 Youth organizsations and schools start each work day in honor of Jose-arti, and reiterate their support of Castro and his programs.

0 The young people of Cuba pledge their loyalty to the ideals of Castro.

- The youth will do their utmost to support Castro's programs andideals.

- Castro can depend on the youth of Cuba to support his progrsms.

* conservation and cost reduction programs in the schools are essential.

- The cost of food programs in the schools should be reduced.

- All school supplies should be'recycled, including old books.

0 Many Cuban teachers are not adeguately prepared to teach the subjectsthat are essential to progress (in the future).

0 The Cuban goverment is updating thousands of housing units to providethe inhabitants with adequate latrines and electricity.

0 Social orker mst do more with less and do it better.

o The. Director of the World Health Ortaniaation visited Cuba. He046"asised that:

- Cuba has set the standard for other third world countries.

- Be reviewed Cuban goverment health programs, and congratulatedthe Cuban Soaer nt on the training of public health specialiststo aid the people.

- He applauded the reduction of infant mortality in Cuba.

o Hospitals and public health workers must do better to stop wastingresources and energy--must conserve in all areas.

-35-

A ViwM of Cuba loEia 161ations.

" Castro' ep..ach to the Cuban National Agggblv received wide mediacoverage in the Soviet Union, and other socialist countries.

" Dr. It. Beofne Dea= of Cornell University in New York (1981 Nobeltrime winner in chemistry) stated that he hoped that his presence inCuba will improve the scientific relations between the 'United Statesand Cube.

* The Augaigle isadbI Assocation. The second group ofAmeralan arive i Cub to work on comwnity development projects.

During their visit they will$

- Lears and understand the meaning of the Cuban revolution.

- Neip in the harvesting of the citrus crop.

- 'Work on social projects.

e A amfriendship, society has beew fowmed betwen Cuba and EMaas* The Cuban National Assmly sent a message of support and solidarity

to M . ?be Cuban govwrmut deplores the vicious attacks onMUM made by the American govrmnt.

" A delegation from. the Cuban Communist party traveled to " a-s toparticipate in the celebration of the 11 Anniversary of theAfahanistan Powular Decocratic Party.

" The Afghanistan Ambassador in Cuba outlined his govement's hope forpeace ad the friendly relations with the 0.8.3.3. and other socialistcountries.

* Cuba pledges its solidarity to the Salvadorips RAVOINSiowarie.* In ameeting in Eavana the delegation of revolutionaries from Z1 Salvadorreported that (1) the Americans are interfering in the progress of therevolution; (2) the military tyranny of the San Salvador govermenthas caused the deaths of 20,000 peasants.

" Cuba and 3mer signed mutual assistance agreements in the technicalsciences and economics.

" The President of North Korea was presented the key to the city oflavn.

" Cuba will export more sugar and coffee to Libya.

" Aqggtj-ij and Cuba will significantly increase their comercial

relations and contacts.

-36-

* 9

* Sweden end Cube signed protocol and comercial agreemeuts to refinancethe Cuban debt with Sweden.

" As part of a mutual agreement between public health agencies in theSoviet Union and Cuba, Soviet doctors will join the staffs of Cubanhospitals.

* Goveriments from all over the world sent Castro messages of congratu-latiou on the 26th Anniversary of the Cuban Revolution.

d

-'37-

APPMTU A

A Selectiam of ProveAWmia CutOOM

Political cartoons are used in Granna to underscore propaganda theme andtopics. in most propaganda campaigns the cartoon is an importantcommunication technique, because it attracts attention add generally is pop-ular with the audience.

During January 1985, the editors of Grne published the following cartoonsabout United States militarism, impeR-alism and hegemony, the arms race andthe American society.

A-1

Gorniko and Shultz have a very difficultroad to travel, concerning the Genevanegotiatione.

A-2

J

.4

~1

* -Um

II

Socialists countries prefer to spend theirmoney on helping and feeding the poorrather than spending it on military

weapons8.

A-3

A weak and tired Latin America is carrying

a heavy load (foreign debt). M4eanwhile,the U.S. continues to be vicious and greedy

* about it.

A-4

huuhi hey Is OTAN maulebramlitar dIirighia a eiisayar Wh primerpilpe ceutr $I camps 88oslahisa

NATO is conducting military maneuvers (air landbattles) directed at preparing for a first attackon the Socialist bloc.

A-5

The U.S. is greedy and vicious and is notconcerned about the hunger and the poor in theworld.

A-6

The International Monetary Fund is killing theLatin American economy.

A- 7

La ChI

The U.S. has "SECRET" plans for the next

DISCOVERY mission.

A-8

FILMED

9--85

DTIC