ssn programs for resilience building and productive...
TRANSCRIPT
SSN PROGRAMS FOR
RESILIENCE BUILDING AND
PRODUCTIVE INCLUSION
Social Safety Nets Core Course 2018
Carlo del Ninno
Janet Heisey
Katharine McKee
May 8, 2018
PROGRAM FOR THIS SESSION
Designing an Integrated Package of
accompanying measures for Productive
Inclusion through the Sahel ASP Program
video
Overview and Introduction
BUILDING HOUSEHOLD RESILIENCE
Households use a variety of strategies to deal with risks of shocks Coping, income diversification, asset accumulation, formal and informal insurance
But large welfare cost of risk and shocks remainLarge and persistent welfare impacts on nutrition after drought in Southern Africa
Adverse coping mechanisms can have long term welfare effects on education
Potential expected profits are sacrificed for lower risk Cost from ex ante risk management might be higher than cost of shocks (Zimbabwe, Niger, Kenya,
etc)
The costs of not protecting the poor are high and last long into the future (Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, etc.)
8 May 2018
2
Why it is important ?
Improve the ability to cope with
shocks ex ante and manage
future risks beyond the short-
term
THE ROLE OF PRODUCTIVE INCLUSION
Boost resilience through livelihoods that support higher earnings and
productivity among the poor
The poor are mostly self-employed in agricultural or non-agricultural
employment and face multiple constraints
Constraints• Vulnerability
• No Access to FinanceFailing Credit Markets
• Shortage of Skills
• Lack of Information
• Psychosocial constraints
Remedies• Consumption support
• Savings promotion
• Capital injections
• training
• Coaching– life skills workshop, community
sensitization
The Whole is Greater than the Sum of its Parts: tackling
relevant constraints all at once build resilience for long lasting
impacts8 May 2018 3
INTEGRATED MODELS CAN BE EFFECTIVE
Combining cash transfers and productive interventions can improve earnings,
livelihoods diversification and resilience (“cash+”):
Encouraging evidence from Nicaragua (productive grant + training); Niger
(cash support + savings)…
The CGAP/BRAC integrated approach (Evaluation - Science 2015)
12 mth CT
Livestock
(goats,
chicken)
3-day
training +
house visits
over 24 mth
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
Endline 1 Endline 2
Impact on income after 2
years and after 3 years
8 May 2018 4
HAVE LONG-TERM INCOME AND REVENUES
IMPACT (WEST BENGAL)
Differences between benef. and non benef. increase over
time
Beneficiaries seem to be on a trajectory to exit poverty
13 16.6
48.5
25.2 37.7 5
9.7
57.3
5.2 8.7
4
61.2 7
8.3
207.5
27.8
7 52.1
107.9
64.4
4
9.4
5
18
E L 1 E L 2 E L 3 E L 1 E L 2 E L 3 E L 1 E L 2 E L 3
H H L I V E S T O C K R E V E N U E , MO N T H
H H N O N - F A R M MI C R O -E N T E R P R I S E I N C O ME ,
MO N T H
H H I N C O ME F R O M P A I D L A B O R , MO N T H
US
D 2
01
4 P
PP
Control TUP
2.7
7
3.3
7
4.7
4
2.9
8
3.6
6
6.3
3
E L 1 E L 2 E L 3
S E L F - R E P O R T E D E C O N O MI C S T A T U S 1 / 1 0
Beneficiaries
Non-
beneficiaries
2y 3y 7y
Beyond 2 or 3 years: what happens after 7 years?
Does the impact dissipate? Plateau?
8 May 2018 5
HOW TO ADAPT AND DELIVER THE
MODEL?
A few questions to reflect on:
How can productive inclusion programs be implemented at scale?
How to integrate them within social protection systems?
How to identify the relevant constraints that need to be addressed depending
on the country of intervention?
Productive Accompanying Measures to
Safety Nets in the Sahel ASP Program:
the case of Niger
Building Household Resilience
through Productive Inclusion
THE SAHEL ADAPTIVE SOCIAL PROTECTION
PROGRAM (ASPP)
• Objective: increase access to effective adaptive social protection systems for
poor and vulnerable populations in Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger,
and Senegal.
• Funded by a Multi Donor Trust Fund Supported by DFID (£43m), AFD (EU6m)
which complements a large bank IDA portfolio (US250m), and supports bank-
executed technical assistance and analytical activities
• Time frame: 2014-2019.
Country Project name
Number of
beneficiaries
Government
Funding
ASPP
Funding
IDA/IBRD
Funding
Burkina
Faso
Social Safety Net
Project
255,000 0 6 50
Chad Chad Safety Nets
Project
15,200
(households)
0 5 5
Mali Emergency Safety
Nets Project
450,000 0 10 70
Mauritania Mauritania Social
Safety Net System
25,000
(households)
10 4 15
Niger Niger Safety Net
Project
126,500
(households)
0 8.5 92.5
Senegal Senegal Safety Net
Operation
759,000 138 11.05 40.5
8 May 2018 8
HOW TO DESIGN A COMPREHENSIVE
PACKAGE OF ACCOMPANYING
MEASURES?
Collaborative effort• Between Sahel ASPP teams across countries (Burkina
Faso, Chad, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal)
• Support from regional WB team and thematic experts
Multi-country impact evaluation• To assess impact and draw lessons
9
DIAGNOSTIC
DESIGN
IMPLEMENTATION
Qualitative Quantitative Constraints Stakeholder
study assessment survey engagement
Literature review of Regional and country Regional
evaluative evidence consultations workshop
March 2016 July 2016
August 2016 October 2016
Preparation of Operational/implementation Procurement/Launch
activities arrangements recruitments
November 2016 March/April 2017
Policy Questions/ Survey instruments Baseline survey Follow-Up Survey
EVALUATION
Regional effort to design and learn from implementation of productive accompanying measures
August 2016 July 2017
8 May 2018 10
Diagnostic and Analysis of constraints to more Productive Employment
• Qualitative tools
‒ Toolkit used in Liberia and Côte d’Ivoire, adapted to assess constraints to more productive livelihoods for safety nets beneficiaries in the Sahel
‒ Focus groups + key informant interviews
‒ Contrasts: male//female; extreme poor//less poor; connected to//distant from markets
‒ Themes: quality of Income-generating activities, constraints to productivity, priorities for interventions
‒ Coverage: 5 countries
• Quantitative tools
‒ Quantitative survey module with specialized quantitative tool to analyze constraints
‒ Coverage: 3 countries
8 May 2018 11
Consultations and Regional workshop to prioritize constraints and design productive
accompanying measures based on local experience and studies
Diagnostic: Identification of constraints by country
BURKINA MALI MAURITANIA NIGER SENEGAL CHAD
Access to capital 1 1 1 1 2 2
Skills (technical and
micro-
entrepreneurship)
2 3 2 3 3 4
Access to markets 4 4 5 3
Access to inputs 3 2 5 1
Behaviors and
aspirations
4 4 1 5
Social norms 5 2 4
Others Risk
management
5
Basic
infrastructure
3
Cost of
production
factors (rent,
utilities)
5
Substantial overlap in constraints by country, points to core cross-cutting issues
to tackle across countries
8 May 2018 12
1. Creation of beneficiary groups and coaching• Creation of beneficiary groups (if not existing already)
• Identification of coaches (community-level resource person) to accompany
beneficiaries‒ Coaches facilitate mobilization
‒ Coaches provide technical assistance to groups and individuals
2. Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLA/AVEC)• Adaptation of VSLA/AVEC model to integrate as part of safety nets programs.
3. Community sensitization on aspirations and social norms• Projection of a video documentary on individual successful with their
productive investment
• 1-2 discussions on aspirations and inclusion with the whole community
8 May 2018 13
Design
The ASPP package of accompanying measures (1)
4. Life skills training• Group-based, 7 half-days course, targeted to illiterate populations
• Addresses topics such as self-esteem and personal initiative, aspirations and social
norms
5. Microentrepreneurship training• Group-based, 7 half-days course, targeted to illiterate populations
• Cross-cutting transferable skills to manage agricultural / non-agricultural activities
• Includes a simple planning tool for the use of the cash grant
6. Cash grants• One-off transfer of ~70% of yearly per capita consumption (80 000 FCFA)
• Delivered in cash to individual beneficiaries: flexibility and practicality
7. Access to markets• Facilitation of group-buying of inputs
8 May 2018 14
Design
The ASPP package of accompanying measures (2)
Multi-country impact evaluation ongoing in 4 countries (Burkina Faso, Mauritania,
Niger, Senegal).
Objectives: learning jointly about the effectiveness and optimal design of the
productive package
Key Questions:
1. How effective is the package?‒ Measure value-added beyond providing cash transfers only
2. Are psycho-social interventions needed to facilitate productive inclusion of poor
households?‒ Measure value-added of package with and without community sensitization on social
norms and life skills training
3. What is the most cost-effective package?‒ Test with and without complementary cash grants
Multi-country Impact Evaluation (ongoing)
8 May 2018 15
T1: Social Package
(core measures+
psycho-social
sensitization and
training)
T2: Capital Package
(Core measures+ cash
grants)
T3: Complete Package
(Core measures +
psycho-social
sensitization and training
+ cash grants)
T0: Control without
productive measures
(No accompanying
measures)
3. Community
Sensitization
4. Life Skills
Training
7. Facilitation
de l’accès aux
marchés
5.
Formation
GERME
2. AVEC1 Coaching
7. Facilitation
de l’accès aux
marchés
5.
Formation
GERME
2. AVEC1 Coaching
6. Cash Grant 3. Community
Sensitization
4. Life Skills
Training
7. Facilitation
de l’accès aux
marchés
5.
Formation
GERME
2. AVEC1 Coaching
6. Cash Grant
8 May 2018 16
Options being piloted and tested
– all delivered to existing cash transfer beneficiaries
NIGER: CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM
Cash transfer program supports chronic poor and vulnerable households by
providing regular income transfers and encourage investments in human
capital.
Monthly transfers of $20 (10.000 FCFA) per month for 24 months (Equivalent to
15% of poverty line)
Geographical selection of poorest communes, and proxy-means test to identify
chronic poor households in selected villages
Transfers are provided directly to women
• In polygamous households transfers are given to first wife
17
NIGER: CASH TRANSFERS + ACCOMPANYING
MEASURES
A “behavioral change component” (BCC, Volet
Comportemental) seeks to foster behavioral
changes among parents and encourage
investments in young children’s human
capital
“Productive Accompanying Measures” to
encourage the formation of women’s groups
and informal saving mechanisms • Seek to facilitate investments in income-generating
activities and diversification
8 May 2018 18
Implementation/Delivery arrangements
• Implementation modalities vary in each country. The regional ASPP activity
provides technical assistance, facilitate development of tools and training of
trainers
• In Niger, the Safety Nets Unit includes a national office, offices in each region, and
staff at the commune level (field operators).
• Field operators facilitate the selection of community-level resource people
(coaches) by the communities, and train/supervise them.
• Community-level resource people facilitate savings group, coach beneficiaries and
facilitate access to inputs.
• Community sensitizations are contracted to specialized facilitators
• Micro-entrepreneurship and life skills trainings are contracted to specialized
NGOs/trainers
• Cash grants payments are performed through the payment system for the cash
transfer program8 May 2018 19
Beneficiaries
Cellule Filets Sociaux Regional
Antenna
Communal Field Workers
Community
Resource
Person
(Coach)
NGOTraining
providers
contract
trainpay
train
coach,
facilitate savingschose
SuperviseKey Coverage/Delivery
Parameters
17 communes
249 villages
15700 beneficiaries
28 Communal Field
Workers
250 Community Resource
People
6 facilitators for
community sensitization
70 trainers for micro-
entrepreneurship and life-
skills training
20
Delivery model in Niger