STAAR Review

I want you to Pass the STAAR Test

Political

MachinesBoss Tweed “Gilded

Age”Civil Service Reform

• Western expansion

• Homestead Act• Klondike Gold

rush• Railroads (TCRR)

ImmigrationPush/Pull Factors

Urbanization(living conditions)

Quotas

Assimilation

Indian Wars

Dawes ActAmerican Indian Citizenship Act

Free Enterprise

Industrialization

Labor Unions

Andrew Carnegie/ John D. Rockefeller

Entrepreneurship

Populism

Cattle Boom

Shipping Cost

• Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

• Nativism• Americanization

American Imperialism

Pros• Military protection &

increased naval strength– Alfred Thayer Mahan- argued

need for powerful navy• Economic support

– Increased need for raw materials & markets to sell manufactured goods

• Open Door Policy• Dollar Diplomacy• Example: Panama Canal

cons• Need for

dominance/superiority– Sanford B. Dole (Hawaii)

• Missionaries• Social Darwinism

Spanish American War

(SPAM)

Who When Where

Why How Significance

Pulitzer & Hurst

War – USA vs. Spain

1898-USS Maine is sent to Cuba to protect US economic interests-explosion of Main is seen as a direct attack on US

Cuba-Havana-San Juan Hill Philippines-Manila Bay(Colonies of Spain)

USS Maine sinking-US blames Spanish for mysterious explosionDeLome Letter-called President McKinley “weak” outraged Americans

Land- US Volunteer force led by TR & “Rough Riders”Sea- US defeats Spanish navy in a few hoursMedia- uses of yellow journalism

US won Puerto Rico, Guam, & bought Philippines for $20 million

Result – US is recognized as a world power

Progressive Era ReformsProblem Muckraker Reform National, State,

or Local

Economic1.Monopolies & trusts2.Tariffs3.Banks4.Lost Revenue

Ida TarbellTheodore Roosevelt “Trust Buster” Woodrow WilsonPanic of 1907

1. Interstate commerce act, Clayton anti-trust Act, Fed Trade Commission Act

2. Underwood Tariff

3. Federal Reserve4. 16th

Amendment- graduated income tax

NATIONAL

Social1.Lynching2.Equality for AA3.Suffrage4.Working conditions5.Living conditions6.Consumer protections

1. Ida Tarbell2. Book T.

Washington WEB DuBois

3. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B Anthony

4. Triangle Shirt waist Factory

5. Jacob Riis- Jan Addams

6. Upton Sinclair

2. NAACP3. 19th amendment –women’s suffrage4. Safety legislation5. Tenement House Commission – Hull house6. Meat Inspection Act – Pure Food & Drug Act

1. NATIONAL2. NATIONAL3. NATIONAL4. LOCAL/STATE5. LOCAL/STATE6. NATIONAL

Progressive Era Reforms

Problem Muckraker Reform National, State, or Local

Political1.Government corruption-political machines/bosses-spoils system

Lincoln SteffensRobert Lafollette

City-manager/ commission initiative –voters introduce billReferendum- refer bill to voteRecall- removal from officeDirect primarySecret ballot17th amendment- direct election of senatorsPendleton Act/Civil Service Commission

Local

State

National

environmentAbuse of natural resources

Teddy RooseveltWoodrow Wilson

National Park Service Act (1916) Created national park system

National

Who Technological Innovations Effects of Technological Innovations

Causes How Significance

World War I1914-1918

Central Powers vs. Allied Powers

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) led by Gen. Pershing

Alvin York – medal of Honor winner

Machine Gun Tanks & Airplanes Poison Gas Submarines (U-

Boats)

Western Front Trench Warfare Battle of Argonne

Forest turning point of the war

Stalemate Massive death toll

MAIN

ilitarismlliance system

mperialismationalismAssassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Sinking of the Lusitania(Unrestricted submarine warfare)

Zimmerman Telegram

Treaty of Versailles Germany had to pay reparations and accept war guilt clause

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points- created League of Nations (peace keeping organization)

The Roaring Twenties(The Great American Mullet)

“Business in the front”• Political

– Harding & Teapot Dome Scandal– “Return to Normalcy”

• Social– Race Relations

• Eugenics• Marcus Garvey• KKK• Great Migration• Nativism/Red Scare• Immigration Quota/Citizenship

Act 1924• Economic

– Economic boom• Mass production/assembly line• Henry Ford• Laissez-faire• Buying on Credit

“Party in the Back”• Social

– Adventure• Charles Lindbergh• Glenn Curtiss

– Changing role of women• Flappers

– Cultural values• Prohibition• Organized crime• Scopes “monkey” trial

– Clarence Darrow (Evolution) William Jennings Bryan (Creation)

– Art & Literature• Harlem Renaissance• Ten Pan Alley

Great Depression to New Deal

America’s Road to Recovery*Overproduction *Speculation & buying on the margin (stock market)*Buying on credit *Shaky banking practices

October 29, 1929 “Black Tuesday” Stock market CrashPeople who invested in market couldn’t repay loans -> bank failures ->”run on the

bank” Demand for goods decreased ->factories close ->unemployment

• Laissez-faire attitude & “rugged individualism *believed gov’t shouldn’t intervene in eco aid

• Reconstruction finance corp -> small loans would “trickle down” avg American (failure)• Hoovervilles (shack and shanty towns) sprung up around towns/citiesIn the great plains region *series of droughts +1million must move west

+overuse of water resources + depleting nutrients from top soil = dried up crops + topsoil = dust

*Hoover passes act to send Mexican-American immigrants back to Mexico*Forcibly he moved (even if already US Citizen) * reason: need for any employment

1932 *Promises a NEW DEAL for Americans * Brian Trust & fireside chats *Eleanor Roosevelt (Wife)-political activist

*new view on gov’t responsibility to its citizens Relief- short term measures – “quick aid” Recovery – eco stimulus – create demand & productionReform-change gov’t system- “complete overhaul”

• Some thought 3R’s went too far –conservatives felt FDR had too much control• Some thought 3R’s didn’t go far enough- Huey P Long’s “Share our Wealth”

*Some New Deal programs were deemed unconstitutional*FDR fears more rejection by Supreme Court & attempts to pass law to appoint new SC Justices (fails)

FDR’S New DealRelief

(Short-term)Is like:

Recovery(Stimulus)

Is like:

Reform (Systematic)

Is like:Band-Aid Cast New Limb

Bank Holiday- closed all banks until they were financially stableEmergency mortgage LoansWork ReliefCivilian Conservation Corps (CCC)Public Works Admin (PWA)Works Progress Admin (WPA)

National Recovery Admin (NRA)- set price & production controls & minimum wageAgricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) – paid farmers to plant less; gov’t bought farm surplus (in effort to control prices)

Social Security Admin (SSA)- provides unemployment insurance retirement pensions- workers pay in contributionsSecurities & Exchange Commission (SEC)- watches stock market activity & prevents fraudFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)- Insures bank deposits up to $250,000

*All of these programs are still in effect today

Decreased spending/demand

Decreased hours/wages

Unemployment

Increased demand/spending

Increased employment

Increased wages/hours

August 1945 Atomic Bombs dropped

1942Battle of Midway

Dec. 7, 1941

Attack on Pearl

Harbor

June 6, 1944 D-Day

Invasion

Hideki TojoFlying TigersBataan Death MarchIsland HoppingNavajo Code TalkersChester NimitzDouglas McArthurGeorge Marshall

Isolationism WarAppeasementCash & CarryLend-LeasePearl Harbor9066 + Interment campsWar information/ propagandaWar bonds +rationing+ victory gardens = patriotismVolunteer/enlist/mobilizationVernon J. Baker

Adolf Hitler dictatorBenito Mussolini aggressionJoseph StalinGeorge PattonDwight EisenhowerOmar BradleyD-Day InvasionsLiberation of CampsTuskegee AirmenHolocaust

USA/Europe

Truman, MarshallChurchill, ThatcherRegan United

Nations

Soviet Union/USSR

StalinKhrushchevGorbachevYelstin

Free Market Economy Capitalism

•Economic freedoms•Private ownership of business & property•Supply & demand determine prices•Multi-party system•Freedom of the press, expression & religion

Command Economy

• no economic freedoms• state-owned industries

(education, transportation, etc)

• gov’t controlled radio, TV, news

• State ownership of business production

• Communist party control (one party/leader)

Truman DoctrineMarshall PlanContainmentDomino TheoryNATO/ Collective Security

Warsaw PactSatellite NationIron CurtainBerlin Wall

Iron Curtain

Space RaceMoon-landingArms race

HUACRed ScareJoseph McCarthyRosenberg TrialsVerona PapersPresidentsTruman – start CW KoreaEisenhower- Korea-VietnamKennedy- Cuban MC, VietnamNixon-Vietnam, China, USSRFord (X)Carter (X)Reagan- USSRBush – Fall of Wall end of CW

Berlin AirliftGermany/BerlinBerlin WallDissolution of SU

Soviet UnionDétenteStar Wars

Space RaceSputnikArms Race

Mao Zedong

KoreaKorean War

Vietnam WarDomino TheoryGulf of Tonkin ResolutionEscalationTet Offensive VietnamizationFall of SaigonWar Powers Resolution

Fidel CastroBay of Pigs InvasionCuban Missile Crisis

Baby Boom

Interstate Highway Act

Housing Boom

Fear of Communism

GI Bill

Increased $ in math & science education

Polio Vaccine

Blue white collar jobs

Tin

y

LittleBoxes

American Dream

Levittown - Suburbs

ProsperityFree TimeIncreased

Consumption &Spending

Pop CultureRock & Roll

Beat GenerationBeatniks

Civil Rights Acts19571964Voting Rights Act196324th Amendment

George Wallace O

rval Faubus

S. Democrats

Lester Maddox

13- Free14- Citizens15-VotePlessey v FergusonBrown v Board of EdThurgood Marshall

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks

Little Rock 9

Sit-ins

Freedom Rides

MLK jrNon-violentLetter from Birmingham Jail

Selma March

March on Washington “I have a dream”

Affirmative Action

Non-violentCivil disobediencePassive resistanceSNCC/SCLCIntegrationMontgomery Bus BoycottMarch on WashingtonSelma MarchEqual Rights*1968 assassinated

Non-violent (transitional)MuslimSegregationNation of IslamMecca Pilgrimage

*1965 assassinated

MilitantCommunity- based political organizationSegregationBlack power

Stokely CarmichaelHuey NewtonBobby Seale

Feminist movement

Betty Friedan

Title IX

Roe v Wade

NOW

Equal Pay Act

Cesar Chaves

Dolores Huerta

Hector P. Garcia

Chicano Mural Movement

AIM –American Indian Movement

Red Power

-Civil Rights Acts

-Voting Rights Acts

-Medicare/Medicaid

-War on Poverty

-Job Corps

Doves

Hawks

-26th Amendment/ Draft

-Role of media

-Credibility gap

-Silent majority

“ask not what your country can do for

you but what you can do for your

country”-Peace Corps-Space Race-moon landing-$ math & Science education

-Rebellion

-Rock n’ Roll

-Divergent Thinking

Break from traditional

lifestyle

-hippies

-commune living

-recreational drugs

JFK LBJ Hippy

Nixon

Nixon

Nixon

Nixon

Nixon

Nixon

Nixon

Nixon

Ford

Ford

Carter

Carter

Carter

Carter

Regonomics

Peace Through Strength -Star WarsIran-Contra Affair

War on Terror

Sandra Day O’Connor

Sun Belt

End of the Cold War (1991)

Persian Gulf War

Rust Belt

Use the Jarrett Book page 341 to summarize these

NAFT

GATT

2008 Financial Crisis-Emergency Economic Stabilization Act

2009 American Recovery & Reinvestment Act

Balkan Crisis

Third Parties & Ross Perot

2000 Election -Al Gore2001 Terrorist AttackPatriot Act -TSA -Homeland SecurityWar on Terror -al-Qaeda-Iraq-Bin Laden

2008 Election

Sona Soto Mayor

Contract w/America & Newt Gingrich

Scandal & Impeachment

NCLB

Illegal Immigration

Hurricane Katrina

Hillary Clinton

Oprah Winfrey

Communication, Tech,& Science

-Satellite

-Cell Phone

-PC

-Robotics

-GPS

-Genetic engineering

-IT

Computer movement

JIT

Time-Study Analysis

E-Commerce

Out-Sourcing

Global Marketplace

Free Enterprise/ capitalism (free market economy)Business cycle

Small business v Big business

Bill Gates/ PC

Sam Walton/ Wal-Mart

Estee Lauder

Robert Johnson

Lionel Sosa

Gilded AgeBoss Tweed

IndustrializationChild Labor

UrbanizationHow the other ½ lives

ImmigrationNativism West. expansion

Manifest Destiny

AssimilationAmericanization SPAM

1898USS Maine

Am. ImperialismPanama Canal & TR

Progressive EraTR MuckrakerMeat inspection

WWI1914-1918

Roaring 20’sFlappers

G. DepressionS M Crash 1929

G. DepressionMigrant mother

New DealSocial Security Administration

WWII1939-1945

Cold WarRed Scare

Baby boomHousing Boom

Civil RightsRosa Parks

Space RaceSputnik 1957

Space RaceMoon landing

Civil Rights1968 MLK assassination

Civil RightsCaesar ChavezChicano mvmt

1960sAnti- War movement

1970sWatergate crisis

1980sEra of Conservatism

1991- Fall of Communism

2001Terrorist Attacks

2008 Obama 1st black President

Benjamin Rush- Father of American Medicine

John Jay- wrote some of the Federalist Papers

John Peter Muhlenberg- Minister who recruited soldiers Jonathan Trumbull Sr- only colonial governor to side with colonists

George Washington- commander of Continental Army

John Hancock- signer of DOI

John Witherspoon- President of Princeton University

Charles Carroll- helped financed the Revolution

John Locke- Unalienable rights

Thomas Jefferson- writer of the DOI

ReligionAssemblyPressPetitionSpeech

Right to bear arms

No quartering of troops

No unreasonable search & seizure*just cause*warrant -no self incrimination-no double jeopardy-grad jury (must show cause for fed. Trial)-just compensation (for gov’t to take property-trail by jury-right to a lawyer-right to confront your accusers -speedy trial

Criminal cases

-trial by jury Civil cases

-no cruel & unusual punishment-no excessive bailRights of the people are no limited to those in the Constitution All powers not specified in the Constitution are given to the states

Creates a balance of power among 3 branches

L

E

J

Approve judges

Appoints judges

Declares executive actions unconstitutional

Overrides veto

Veto legislation

Declares legislation unconstitutional

Division of power based on location

Federal State Local

Divides Gov’t powers into 3 branches1.Legislavtive (H.R/Sen) -law making body2. Executive (President) -executes the law3. Judicial (S. Court) -judges the law

The gov’t only has the powers granted in the Constitution (9th & 10th amendments)

A democratic gov’t chose by the people

People hold supreme power

Representative form of gov’t

Ex. Elect reps.

Rights of the people found in the Bill of Rights

-all have the same right to participate in

government

-a society of equals-ability to own land allowed people to be viewed as equals

-freedom-protections against a tyrannical gov’t-rule of law(gov’t is not above the law)

-free to choose-private association

-no gov’t control

-no government control or influence on the economy

“hands-off”

Alexis de TocquevilleDiscusses how democracy in America is a unique case and unlike democracy in Europe