staircase pressurization fan cfm calculations
DESCRIPTION
staircase pressurization sizingTRANSCRIPT
PROCEDURE1- Classify your building as per the System Class sheet,2- Enter the data required from the building in the given data (entering data) table in Class A System sheet only, 3- You will get the result for all classes (class A, B, C, D & E),4- Just take only the result as per your building class as classified in the system class (A, B, C, D or E).
PROCEDURE
Enter the data required from the building in the given data (entering data) table in Class A System sheet only,
Just take only the result as per your building class as classified in the system class (A, B, C, D or E).
مالحـظــاتـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
النظام هذا على أمثلة(Examples)
تصنفالنظام
)System class)
السكنية الشقق من عدد على تحتوى أبنية لمجموعة التصميمية (blocks of flats) الظروفطابقين ذات الناس (maisonettes) أوشقق بها الموجود األماكن إفتراضأن على مبنية
(dwellings) لهذه الحريق بسبب مباشر تهديد حدث إذا الناسإال من األماكن هذه إجالء يتم لنالحريق , مصدر به حدث الذى المكان التصميمية القاعدة هذه اليشمل وبالطبع fire) األماكن
origin).
رقم 1ملحوظة : أ النظام إستخدام يتم مبانى (Class A system( لن من جزء تJكون الشقق أن لو
مختلفة نشاطات بها .جديدة
حريق مناطق إلى المبنى تقسيم مستوى التى (fire compartmentation( يكون باألبنيةالسكنية الشقق من عدد على طابقين (blocks of flats( تحتوى ذات (maisonettes( أوشقق
" " مناطق عن عبارة Lعادة هى التصميم مرحلة عند أ النظام تحت تJدرج التى األنظمة أى . هو أ للنظام الرئيسى الهدف ويكون الحريق أثناء الخاصة بأماكنهم للبقاء لألشخاص آمنةبه مكان أى فى حريق هناك يكون عندما الدخان من خالى بالمبنى سلم أى على الحفاظ
أ .(dwelling( أشخاص النظام أن الدخان (class A system( أى إلخراج مكافئة حماية يقدمالسلم بير . (staircase( من النظام فإن هنا ومن منها أفضل أو الطبيعية التهوية طريق عن
األمامى (class A system( أ المدخل باب إلى الدخان إنتشار فى للتحكم نموذج اليقدمالناس به الموجود المكان أو .(dwelling( للشقة
رقم 1ملحوظة :الدخان لهروب مانع تركيب األمامى (smoke seal( يجب المدخل front entrance( ألبواب
doors) شقة .أليرقم 2ملحوظة :
للشقق األمامى المدخل ألبواب الدخان فى للتحكم نظام عمل تتطلب التى المشاريع فىالناس بها التى لألماكن وبهذا , , (dwellings( أو أ النظام نطاق خارج يكون الوضع هذا فإن
الحريق بخصوص هندسى حل إلى األمر هذا يرجع أن .(fire engineering solutions( يجبرقم 3ملحوظة :
وذلك والمؤهل المخول الشخص مع يستشير أن النظام لهذا مصمم أى على إلزامىالصحيحة النظام تصميم أهداف .لتحديد
الدخان من المحمى المكان على يطل واحد باب من أكثر يكون أن مستبعد أمر إنه)protected space) بيرالسلم بين كان طرقة (staircase( سواء بير (corridor( وأى بين أو
ردهة وأى واحد (lobby( السلم آن فى Lمفتوحا .(simultaneously( سيكون
رقم 4ملحوظة :الهواء ( ضغط الدخان من المحمى السلم بير بين مفتوحة أبواب ثالثة هناك يكون عندما
) وبين إليه الدخان دخول لمنع يكفى بما المجاورة المناطق من أعلى السلم بير بداخلأجزاء إلى المJقسمة السكن التوصية , (compartmented accommodation( منطقة فإن
الحالة هذه فى تطبيقها يتم لن ذكرها .التالى
السكنية ( ( Residentialاألبنية
أ النظام) Class A
system)
( Sheltered housingالمالجئ (
لحماية أنظمتها تصميم يتم التى المبانى) أبواب buildingثالثة
designed for 3 door protection)
التى الساللم أو المناور حمايةأثناء المدنى الدفاع رجال سيستخدمها
اإلطفاء Protection of firefighting) عمليةshafts).
ب النظام) Class B system)
أ النظام من أى مع تJستخدم ال التى األنظمة التصنيفعلى هذا تطبيق Class A) يتمSystem) النظامب النظامث (Class B System) أو تستخدم (Class D System) أو والتى
إجالء ) (Evacuation) إجالء واحد وقت بالمبنىفى األشخاصالموجودين لجميع ) التالية األشياء من واحد توفر مع واحد jآن -:جماعىفى
ردهات- به المبنى ( (Lobbies) أ المبنى ) إرتفاع على قيود اليJجد كان jإرتفاع .وبأىردهات- ليسبه المبنى عن (Lobbies) ب اليزيد وإرتفاعه فقط واحد سلم 11وبه
.مترردهات- ليسبه المبنى عن (Lobbies) ت اليزيد وإرتفاعه سلم من أكثر متر 18وبه .
فإنه , بالمبنى األشخاصالمتواجدين لكل واحد وقت فى اإلجالء حالة وفىاإلخالء زمن واليتجاوز محدود لوقت بالمبنى الساللم كل إشغال يتم يJفترضأن
كل , من خالية الساللم كل تكون ذلك بعد ثم LسبقاJم عليه المدروسوالمJتفق. (evacuees) المبعدين المراحل أثناء ستقع اإلخالء عملية فإن وبالتالى المبنى من
السلم , لبير يهرب أن الممكن من الدخان وبعضمن الحريق لنشوب األولية . التضغيط نظام يقوم أن يجب ولكن عنه التغاضى (Pressurization System) ويمكن
السلم بير مثل المحمية األماكن من الدخان هذا بإبعاد تشغيله .بعددراية وعندهم بالمبنى األشخاصالمتواجدين تنبيه يتم أن النظام هذا ويJفترضمع
واحد jآن الجماعىفى اإلخالء عملية تفاصيل (Simultaneous Evacuation) علىباألشياء Lتماما مدركين يكونوا أن يجب كما هذه اإلخالء بخطة Lتماما ومدركيناألشخاص , لتواجد الزمنى الوقت تقليل يتم وبالتالى بهم المحيطة واألماكن
ممكن وقت أقل إلى الحريق حدوث لحظة من .بالمبنى
والتىسوف التجارية العقارات أو األبنيةواحد آن فى جماعى إجالء تستخدم
Commercial premises "using) للجميعsimultaneous evacuation")
ت النظام) Class C system)
بها (Class D System) والنظامث يكون أن المJحتمل من التى مJخصصللمبانى
الفنادق مثل نائمون فيها (hotels) مJستخدمين يبيتون التى الشبات دور (hostels) أو
التعليمى أو المؤسساتى الطابع ذات والتى (Institutional-type buildings) أوالمبانى
لألشخاصالمتواجدين ) الالزم الوقت الشباب ودور للفنادق مJشابه نهج لها
من الخروج قبيل المحمية المناطق إلى الوصول فى أطول وقت يأخذون بالمبنى
بأسرع المبنى إخالء عملية على أناسمJدربون بها التى باألبنية بالمقارنة المبنى
أو , المبنى بتفاصيل مدركين غير يكونوا الناسربما أن باإلضافة هذا ممكن وقت
المناطق إلى الوصول أو بالمبنى النهائي المخرج إلى للوصول مساعدة يحتاجون
) بها يحتموا لكى .المحميةالنظامث إستخدام Lأيضا L (Class D System) ويكون مناسبا الدخان إنتشار من للحماية
الهواء ضغط فارق بواسطة الدخان إنتشار من الحماية نظام وجود يكون عندما
(Pressure Differential System) سلم إستخدام لعدم تبرير عدم (Stairway) هو أو
ردهات حسب , (Lobbies) إستخدام إستخدامهما الطبيعى من والتى كالهما أو
للمبانى العالمية التوصيات
(hotelsالفنادق (
ث النظام) Class D system)
يبيتون التى الشابات أو الشباب بيوت( hostelsفيها (
/ المؤسساتية التعليمية األبنية(institutional-type buildings) ذلك واليشمل
ومتطلبات لتتوافق المJصممة األبنيةأ النظام
بها (Class D System) والنظامث يكون أن المJحتمل من التى مJخصصللمبانى
الفنادق مثل نائمون فيها (hotels) مJستخدمين يبيتون التى الشبات دور (hostels) أو
التعليمى أو المؤسساتى الطابع ذات والتى (Institutional-type buildings) أوالمبانى
لألشخاصالمتواجدين ) الالزم الوقت الشباب ودور للفنادق مJشابه نهج لها
من الخروج قبيل المحمية المناطق إلى الوصول فى أطول وقت يأخذون بالمبنى
بأسرع المبنى إخالء عملية على أناسمJدربون بها التى باألبنية بالمقارنة المبنى
أو , المبنى بتفاصيل مدركين غير يكونوا الناسربما أن باإلضافة هذا ممكن وقت
المناطق إلى الوصول أو بالمبنى النهائي المخرج إلى للوصول مساعدة يحتاجون
) بها يحتموا لكى .المحميةالنظامث إستخدام Lأيضا L (Class D System) ويكون مناسبا الدخان إنتشار من للحماية
الهواء ضغط فارق بواسطة الدخان إنتشار من الحماية نظام وجود يكون عندما
(Pressure Differential System) سلم إستخدام لعدم تبرير عدم (Stairway) هو أو
ردهات حسب , (Lobbies) إستخدام إستخدامهما الطبيعى من والتى كالهما أو
للمبانى العالمية التوصيات
ث النظام) Class D system)
سلم به اليJوجد مبنى وذلك (stairway) أىأماكن حماية نظام إستخدام على Lإعتمادا
هذه ضغط طريق عن بالمبنى معينةبالهواء (Pressurization System) األماكن
عن إرتفاعه يزيد مبنى حيث 18أى مترببعض الهواء ضغط طريقة إستخدام يتم
لكى (Pressurization System) األماكنالردهات عن اإلستغناء من يJمكننا
(Lobbies) األبنية ذلك واليشمل بالمبنىأى (Residential-type buildings) السكنية أوإطفاء (Shaft) بير ألغراض إستخدامه يتم
المدنى الدفاع رجال بواسطة الحريق
إجالء خطة تستخدم التى بالمبانى المستخدمة األنظمة التصنيف هذا يJغطىمراحل عدsة على تJنفذ لكى هذه (phased evacuation) مدروسة تأخذ أن يJتوقع والتى . هذا فإن وألغراضالتصميم لتنفيذها دقائق عشرة من أكثر كلى زمن الخطة
بكل دورين إجالء يتم أن وعلى مراحل ثالث من أكثر على المبنى إجالء حالة يJمثل.مرحلة
على اإلجالء عملية أثناء كبيرة زمنية أشخاصلمدة به المبنى يظل ويJفترضأن . حماية يتم أن ويجب مستمر تطور فى النار إضرام عملية تكون بينما مراحل عدsة
للناسبالهروب السماح يتم لكى وذلك الدخان من خالية وجعلها المبنى ساللمإجالء لعملية الحقة مرحلة فى الحريق دور غير األدوار من بأمان المبنى من
L أوال الحريق بدور .األشخاصالمتواجدين
بطريقة إجالء تستخدم التى األبنيةمراحل ( وعلى Lمسبقا لها Phasedمخطط
evacuation)
ج النظام) Class E
system)
Project no: Date: Sheet no.: 1 of 2Subject: Stairwell Pressurisation Class Class A System
Class A System: Protection of Escape Only staircasesGiven Data (Entering Data)
Allowance of duct work % age
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening OutwardsWidth of Single leaf doors in frame Opening OutwardsNumber of Double leaf doors with or without central rebateBuilding Total Height Each Floor HeightEach accommodation floor lengthEach accommodation floor widthFloor Area for Each Story (except stairwell)
Stairwell walls length per floorStairwell walls width per floor
Reference Data
TYPE OF DOOR
Single-leaf opening into a pressurized spaceSingle-leaf opening outwards from a pressurized spaceDouble Leaf DoorLift landing door
TightAverageLooseVery LooseTightAverageLooseTight
Number of Floors ( بالمبنى األدوار (عددNumber of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case) عدد
المضغوطة المنطقة على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبوابالسلم بير على أى بالهواء
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case), mWidth of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case), m
Number of Single leaf doors in frame Opening Outwards خارج على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبواب عدد المبنى
Building Exterior Walls Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks, and cracks around windows & doors) (A / Aw), A = Leakage area & Aw = wall areaStairwell Walls Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks but not cracks around doors) (A / Aw), A = Leakage area & Aw = wall areaFloors Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks and gaps around
AverageLoose
Preliminary Calculated DataExterior walls area for Each Story (except stairwell)
Each Story Leakage Area (except stairwell)
Stairwell Walls area per floor
Pressure Level : 25 Pa
1-
Where
is the total identified leakage rate from the pressurized space (m3 / s).
Where
= 0.23
P = Pressure Differential = 25 Pa
0.83 x 0.23 x 5
Although the effective leakage area is known, there are other leaks we are not aware of.To account for these leaks, Q is increased by 50%, hence:
0.9545 +50%
construction cracks and gaps around penetrations) (A / Af), A = Leakage area & Af = floor area
Stairwell Walls Leakage Area (except cracks around windows or doors) per floor
Air volume required when all doors are closed & maintain 50 )or 25) Pa inside the stairwell )Q = 0.83 x A E x 50 1/2 or 25 1/2 = 5.869A E or 2.9345A E):-
QS = 1.5 QL
QS is the total air supply rate required (m3 / s);
QL
QL = QD + QW + QLD + QT + QO
QD is the air leakage rate via gaps around closed doors (m3 / s)
QW is the air leakage rate via cracks around closed windows (m3 / s)
QLD is the air leakage rate via lift landing doors (m3 / s)
QT is the air leakage rate via mechanical extraction from toilet or other areas (m3 / s)
QO is the air leakage rate via other paths that may exist (m3 / s)
Q1P = Volume of Air Required (m3/s)
AE = Staircase leakage Area, (m2)
(m2)
Q1P =
Q1P =
1.43175Allowance for Leakage in Sheet Metal Ductwork 0
1.43175
1V-
Door Area = 2 x 0.8 =Air Velocity Across Door = 2 m/s
1.6 x 0.75
1.2
Allowance for Leakage in Sheet Metal Ductwork 0
1.2
2.63175
Fan External Static Pressure
Exhaust air flow rate =
Net area of the pressure relief damper =
Total Pressurization Fan Air Volume flow rate to maintain pressure criterion
QTP = Q1P => QTP =
QTP =
Air volume required to maintain 0.75 m/s through open door on Fire floor:-
Q1V = A x V => Q1V =
QTV =
QTV =
QTF =
Where:-
QTF = Total air volume flow rate of fan required to maintain a proper smoke control
1 of 2 Computed by: يحيى مصطفى الله إلى الفقير العبد
Checked by: Approved by:
Given Data (Entering Data)4
11
2
0.8
0
6
20.80
18 m5.5 m96 m64 m
70006 m4 m
Reference Data
0.010.020.030.06
0.000050.000170.000350.0012
0.0000140.000110.00035
0.0000066
m2
Leakage Area, m2
0.0000520.00017
Preliminary Calculated Data
1760
1.344110 m
0.0121
is the total identified leakage rate from the pressurized space (m3 / s).
n= 2 for doors & 1.6 for windows
n = Leakage Factor = 2 for doors & 1.6 for windows
: 0.9545
Although the effective leakage area is known, there are other leaks we are not aware of.
1.43175
m2
m2
m2
Air volume required when all doors are closed & maintain 50 )or 25) Pa inside the stairwell )Q = 0.83 x A E x 50 1/2 or 25 1/2 = 5.869A E or 2.9345A E):-
is the air leakage rate via mechanical extraction from toilet or other areas (m3 / s)
Q1P= 0.83 x AE x P1/n
Q1P = m3 / sec
Q1P = m3 / sec
%
= 3,033.88 cfm
1.6393.700787 fpm
1.2
1.2
%
= 2542.8 cfm
= 5,576.68 cfm
25 Plus Duct Pressure Drop Pa
1.2 2,542.66 cfm
Net area of the pressure relief damper = 0.289156626506
Total Pressurization Fan Air Volume flow rate to maintain pressure criterion:-
m3 / s
Air volume required to maintain 0.75 m/s through open door on Fire floor:-
m2
m3 / sec
Q1V = m3 / sec
m3 / sec
m3 / s
m3 / s
m3 / Sec
m2
= Total air volume flow rate of fan required to maintain a proper smoke control
Project no: Date: Sheet no.: 1 of 2Subject: Stairwell Pressurisation Class Class B System
Class B System: Protection of Escape Only staircasesGiven Data (Entering Data)
Allowance of duct work % age
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening OutwardsWidth of Single leaf doors in frame Opening OutwardsNumber of Double leaf doors with or without central rebateBuilding Total Height Each Floor HeightEach accommodation floor lengthEach accommodation floor widthFloor Area for Each Story (except stairwell)
Stairwell walls length per floorStairwell walls width per floor
Reference Data
TYPE OF DOOR
Single-leaf opening into a pressurized spaceSingle-leaf opening outwards from a pressurized spaceDouble Leaf DoorLift landing door
TightAverageLooseVery LooseTightAverageLoose
Number of Floors ( بالمبنى األدوار (عددNumber of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case) عدد
المضغوطة المنطقة على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبوابالسلم بير على أى بالهواء
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case)Width of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space
(stairwell in our case)
Number of Single leaf doors in frame Opening Outwards المبنى خارج على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبواب عدد
Building Exterior Walls Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks, and cracks around windows & doors) (A / Aw), A = Leakage area & Aw = wall areaStairwell Walls Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks but not cracks around doors) (A / Aw), A = Leakage area & Aw = wall area
TightAverageLoose
Preliminary Calculated DataExterior walls area for Each Story (except stairwell)Each Story Leakage Area (except stairwell)
Stairwell Walls area per floor
Pressure Level : 25 Pa
1P-
= 0.23
P = Pressure Differential = 25 Pa
Q1 = 0.83 x 0.23 x 25
Although the effective leakage area is known, there are other leaks we are not aware of.To account for these leaks, Q is increased by 50%, hence:
Q1 = 0.9545 +50%
Project no: Date: Sheet no.: 2 of 2Subject: Stairwell Pressurisation
1V-
Door Area = 2 x 0.8 =Air Velocity Across Door = 2 m/s
Floors Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks and gaps around penetrations) (A / Af), A = Leakage area & Af = floor area
Stairwell Walls Leakage Area (except cracks around windows or doors)
per floor
Air volume required when all doors are closed & maintain 50 )or 25) Pa inside the stairwell )Q = 0.83 x A E x 50 1/2 or 25 1/2 = 5.869A E or 2.9345A E):-
Q1P = Volume of Air Required (m3/s)
AE = Staircase leakage Area, (m2)
m2
Air volume required to maintain 2 m/s through open door on Fire floor for fire fighting purposes
1.6 x 2
3.2
Allowance for Leakage in Sheet Metal Ductwork 0
3.2
2V-
A1 = Area of the Door above the Fire Floor A2 = Area of Exhaust Vent
A1 = 1.6 A2 = 1.28
0.99951208
=> P = 14.878792278 Pa
1.344
1.029107338
3.29475107
3V-
P = Pressure required to exhaust the exhausted air to atmosphere = 14.8787922775
#REF!
#REF!
n= 2 for doors & 1.6 for windows
#REF!
Q1V = A x V => Q1V =
QTV =
QTV =
Air volume Through One Open Door into un-pressurized Space above Fire Floor
Pressure to Exhaust Q1V to atmosphere Via Fire Floor = [Q1V /)0.83 x A3 )]2
m2
A3 = [)1/)A1)2 + )1/A2)2)]-1/2
A3 = m2
P=[Q1V /)0.83 x A3 )]2
A4 = Leakage Area For Each Floor = m2
AE = [)1/)A1)2 + )1/A2)2)]-1/2 =
Q2V= 0.83 x AE x P1/n
Q2V= m3 / s
Air volume through open door to outside at the calculated adequate pressure to release flow rate from the above step )Q = 0.83 x A E x P 1/2):-
AE = Area of Door Opening Outward
AE = m2
AE = m2
Q= 0.83 x AE x P1/n
Q3V= m3 / s
1 of 2 Computed by: يحيى مصطفى الله إلى الفقير العبد
Checked by: Approved by:
Given Data (Entering Data)4
11
2
0.8
0
6
20.80
18 m5.5 m96 m64 m
70006 m4 m
Reference Data
0.010.020.030.06
0.000050.000170.000350.0012
0.0000140.000110.00035
m2
Leakage Area, m2
0.00000660.0000520.00017
Preliminary Calculated Data1760
1.344110 m
0.0121
n= 2 for doors & 1.6 for windows
n = Leakage Factor = 2 for doors
: 0.9545
Although the effective leakage area is known, there are other leaks we are not aware of.
Q1 = 1.43175 m3 / s
2 of 2 Computed by: يحيى مصطفى الله إلى الفقير العبد
Checked by: Approved by:
1.6393.700787 fpm
m2
m2
m2
Air volume required when all doors are closed & maintain 50 )or 25) Pa inside the stairwell )Q = 0.83 x A E x 50 1/2 or 25 1/2 = 5.869A E or 2.9345A E):-
Q1P= 0.83 x AE x P1/n
Q1V = m3 / sec
Air volume required to maintain 2 m/s through open door on Fire floor for fire fighting purposes:-
m2
3.2
3.2
%
= 6780.8 cfm
3.29475107032
Pa
#REF!
m3 / sec
Q1V = m3 / sec
m3 / sec
m3 / s
Air volume Through One Open Door into un-pressurized Space above Fire Floor:-
m2
Q2V = m3 / s
Air volume through open door to outside at the calculated adequate pressure to release flow rate from the above step )Q = 0.83 x A E x P 1/2):-
Q3V = m3 / s
Project no: Date: Sheet no.: 1 of 2Subject: Stairwell Pressurisation Class Class C System
Class C System: Protection of Escape Only staircasesGiven Data (Entering Data)
Allowance of duct work % age
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening OutwardsWidth of Single leaf doors in frame Opening OutwardsNumber of Double leaf doors with or without central rebateBuilding Total Height Each Floor HeightEach accommodation floor lengthEach accommodation floor widthFloor Area for Each Story (except stairwell)
Stairwell walls length per floorStairwell walls width per floor
Reference Data
TYPE OF DOOR
Single-leaf opening into a pressurized spaceSingle-leaf opening outwards from a pressurized spaceDouble Leaf DoorLift landing door
TightAverageLooseVery LooseTightAverageLoose
Number of Floors ( بالمبنى األدوار (عددNumber of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case) عدد
المضغوطة المنطقة على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبوابالسلم بير على أى بالهواء
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space
(stairwell in our case)Width of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space
(stairwell in our case)
Number of Single leaf doors in frame Opening Outwards المبنى خارج على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبواب عدد
Building Exterior Walls Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks, and cracks around windows & doors) (A / Aw), A = Leakage area & Aw = wall areaStairwell Walls Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks but not cracks around doors) (A / Aw), A = Leakage area & Aw = wall area
TightAverageLoose
Preliminary Calculated DataExterior walls area for Each Story (except stairwell)
Each Story Leakage Area (except stairwell)
Stairwell Walls area per floor
Floors Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks and gaps around penetrations) (A / Af), A = Leakage area & Af = floor area
Stairwell Walls Leakage Area (except cracks around windows or doors) per floor
1 of 2 Computed by: يحيى مصطفى الله إلى الفقير العبد
Checked by: Approved by:
Given Data (Entering Data)4
11
2
0.8
0
6
20.80
18 m5.5 m96 m64 m
70006 m4 m
Reference Data
0.010.020.030.06
0.000050.000170.000350.0012
0.0000140.000110.00035
m2
Leakage Area, m2
Project no: Date: Sheet no.:Subject: Stairwell Pressurisation Class Class D System
Class D System: Protection of Escape Only staircasesGiven Data (Entering Data)
Allowance of duct work % age
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening OutwardsWidth of Single leaf doors in frame Opening OutwardsNumber of Double leaf doors with or without central rebateBuilding Total Height Each Floor HeightEach accommodation floor length
Each accommodation floor width
Floor Area for Each Story (except stairwell)
Stairwell walls length per floor
Stairwell walls width per floor
Reference Data
TYPE OF DOOR
Single-leaf opening into a pressurized space
Single-leaf opening outwards from a pressurized space
Double Leaf Door
Lift landing door
Tight
Average
Number of Floors ( بالمبنى األدوار (عددNumber of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case) عدد
المضغوطة المنطقة على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبوابالسلم بير على أى بالهواء
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case)Width of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case)
Number of Single leaf doors in frame Opening Outwards خارج على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبواب عدد المبنى
Building Exterior Walls Leakage Area Ratio
(includes construction cracks, and cracks
around windows & doors) (A / Aw), A =
Leakage area & Aw = wall area
Loose
Very Loose
Tight
Average
Loose
Tight
AverageLoose
Preliminary Calculated DataExterior walls area for Each Story (except stairwell)Each Story Leakage Area (except stairwell)
Stairwell Walls area per floor
Pressure Level : 25 Pa
1P-
Volume of Air Required (m3/s)
Staircase leakage Area, (m2)
= 0.23
P = Pressure Differential = 25
0.83 x 0.23 x
Although the effective leakage area is known, there are other leaks we are not aware of.To account for these leaks, Q is increased by 50%, hence:
0.9545
2P-
Door Area = 2 x 0.8
1.6Pressure P in Stairwell = 10 Pa
Building Exterior Walls Leakage Area Ratio
(includes construction cracks, and cracks
around windows & doors) (A / Aw), A =
Leakage area & Aw = wall areaStairwell Walls Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks but not
cracks around doors) (A / Aw), A =
Leakage area & Aw = wall areaFloors Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks and gaps around penetrations) (A / Af), A = Leakage area & Af = floor area
Stairwell Walls Leakage Area (except cracks around windows or doors) per floor
Air volume required when all doors are closed & maintain 50 )or 25) Pa inside the stairwell )Q = 0.83 x A E x 50 1/2 or 25 1/2 = 5.869A E or 2.9345A E):-
Q1P =
AE =
(m2)
Q1P =
Q1P =
Air volume Through Open Door to Outside & maintaining 10 Pa inside staircase )Q =0.83 x A E x 101/2 = 2.6247 A E):-
AE = Door area
AE =
4.199504733 m3 / s
3P-
A1 = Area of Fire Floor Door A2=Leakage Area Per Floor
A1 = 1.6 A2 =
1.029107338
2.701088211 x 1 =
Allowance for Leakage in Sheet Metal Ductwork
Project no: Date: Sheet no.:Subject: Stairwell Pressurisation
Velocity Criterion:-
1V-
Door Area = 2 x 0.8Air Velocity Across Door = 0.75
1.6 x
Q2P= 0.83 x A1 x P1/n
Q2P =
Air volume Through One Open Doors into un-pressurized Space & maintaining 10 Pa inside staircase )Q= 0.83 x A E x 101/2 = 2.6247 A E):-
m2
AE = [)1/)A1)2 + )1/A2)2)]-1/2
AE = m2
Q= 0.83 x AE x P1/n
Q3P= m3 / sec
Total Pressurization Fan Air Volume flow rate to maintain pressure criterion )Q TP):-
QTP = Q1P + Q2P+Q3P => QTP =
QTP =Where:-
QTP = Total air volume flow rate required to maintain the pressure criterion
Air volume required to maintain 0.75 m/s through open door on Fire floor )Q = AE . V)
AE = Fire Floor Door Area
Q1V = A x V => Q1V =
Note:-
2V-
1.2 to atmosphere Via Fire Floor
A1 = Area of the Fire Floor Door A2 = Area of Exhaust Vent From Fire Floor
A1 = 1.6 A2 =
0.459756617
=> P = 9.888953
P = Pressure required to exhaust the exhausted air to atmosphere =
1.6
AE = 1.6
n= 2 for doors & 1.6 for windows
4.176122604
Allowance for Leakage in Sheet Metal Ductwork
ConclusionVelocity Criterion is Dominant
Fan External Static Pressu
Exhaust air flow rate =
Q1V should be exhausted to atmosphere to maintain 0.75 m/s thru the fire floor door
Air volume through open door to outside at the calculated adequate pressure to release flow rate from the above step )Q = 0.83 x A E x P 1/2):-
Pressure to Exhaust Q1V = m3 / sec
m2
AE = [)1/)A1)2 + )1/A2)2)]-1/2
AE = m2
P=[Q1V /)0.83 x AE )]2
AE = Area of Door Opening Outward
AE = m2
m2
Q= 0.83 x AE x P1/n
Q2V= m3 / sec
QTV = Q1V + Q2V => QTV =
QTV =
QTF =
Net area of the pressure relief damper =Where:-
QTF = Total air volume flow rate of fan required to maintain a proper smoke control
1 of 2 Computed by: يحيى مصطفى الله إلى الفقير العبد
Checked by: Approved by:
Given Data (Entering Data)4
11
2
0.8
Allowance of duct work % age0
6
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening Outwards 2Width of Single leaf doors in frame Opening Outwards 0.8Number of Double leaf doors with or without central rebate 0Building Total Height 18 mEach Floor Height 5.5 mEach accommodation floor length 96 m
Each accommodation floor width 64 mFloor Area for Each Story (except stairwell) 7000Stairwell walls length per floor 6 m
Stairwell walls width per floor 4 m
Reference Data
TYPE OF DOOR
Single-leaf opening into a pressurized space 0.01
Single-leaf opening outwards from a pressurized space 0.02
Double Leaf Door 0.03
Lift landing door 0.06
Tight 0.00005
Average0.00017
Number of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case) عدد
المضغوطة المنطقة على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبواب
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space
Width of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space
Number of Single leaf doors in frame Opening Outwards خارج على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبواب عدد
m2
Leakage Area, m2
Loose0.00035
Very Loose 0.0012Tight 0.000014
Average 0.00011Loose 0.00035
Tight 0.0000066Average 0.000052Loose 0.00017
Preliminary Calculated DataExterior walls area for Each Story (except stairwell) 1760Each Story Leakage Area (except stairwell) 1.344
Stairwell Walls area per floor 110 m
0.0121
n= 2 for doors & 1.6 for windows
Pa n = Leakage Factor = 2 for doors & 1.6 for windows
5 : 0.9545
Although the effective leakage area is known, there are other leaks we are not aware of.
+50% 1.43175
= 1.6
m2
m2
Stairwell Walls Leakage Area (except cracks around windows or m2
Air volume required when all doors are closed & maintain 50 )or 25) Pa inside the stairwell )Q = 0.83 x A E x 50 1/2 or 25 1/2 = 5.869A E or 2.9345A E):-
Q1P= 0.83 x AE x P1/n
Q1P = m3 / sec
Q1P = m3 / sec
Air volume Through Open Door to Outside & maintaining 10 Pa inside staircase )Q =0.83 x A E x 101/2 = 2.6247 A E):-
m2
4.1995047
A2=Leakage Area Per Floor
1.344
2.701088211
2.7010882
8.332342944 = 17656.235 cfm
0 %
8.332342944 = 17656.235 cfm
2 of 2 Computed by: يحيى مصطفى الله إلى الفقير العبد
Checked by: Approved by:
= 1.6m/s 394 fpm
0.75 1.2
Q2P = m3 / sec
Air volume Through One Open Doors into un-pressurized Space & maintaining 10 Pa inside staircase )Q= 0.83 x A E x 101/2 = 2.6247 A E):-
m2
m3 / sec
Q3P = m3 / sec
Total Pressurization Fan Air Volume flow rate to maintain pressure criterion )Q TP):-
m3 / sec
m3 / sec
= Total air volume flow rate required to maintain the pressure criterion
Air volume required to maintain 0.75 m/s through open door on Fire floor )Q = AE . V):-
m2
m3 / sec
1.2
to atmosphere Via Fire Floor
A2 = Area of Exhaust Vent From Fire Floor
0.48
Pa
9.888953404 Pa
4.1761226
5.376122604 = 11392 cfm
0 %
5.376122604 = 11392 cfm
8.332342944 = 17,656.23 cfm
Fan External Static Pressu 25 Plus Duct Pressure Drop Pa
Exhaust air flow rate = 6.9005929437 14,621.53 cfm
should be exhausted to atmosphere to maintain 0.75 m/s thru the fire floor door Q1V = m3 / sec
Air volume through open door to outside at the calculated adequate pressure to release flow rate from the above step )Q = 0.83 x A E x P 1/2):-
m2
Q2V = m3 / sec
m3 / sec
m3 / sec
m3 / sec
m3 / Sec
Net area of the pressure relief damper = 1.662793480404 m2
= Total air volume flow rate of fan required to maintain a proper smoke control
Project no: Date: Sheet no.:Subject: Stairwell Pressurisation Class Class E System
Class E System: Protection of Escape Only staircasesGiven Data (Entering Data)
Allowance of duct work % age
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening OutwardsWidth of Single leaf doors in frame Opening OutwardsNumber of Double leaf doors with or without central rebate
Building Total Height Each Floor HeightEach accommodation floor length
Each accommodation floor widthFloor Area for Each Story (except stairwell)
Stairwell walls length per floorStairwell walls width per floor
Reference Data
TYPE OF DOOR
Single-leaf opening into a pressurized space
Single-leaf opening outwards from a pressurized space
Double Leaf Door
Lift landing door
Tight
Average
Number of Floors ( بالمبنى األدوار (عددNumber of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case)
المضغوطة المنطقة على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبواب عددالسلم بير على أى بالهواء
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case)Width of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case)
Number of Single leaf doors in frame Opening Outwards المبنى خارج على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبواب عدد
Building Exterior Walls Leakage Area Ratio
(includes construction cracks, and cracks around
windows & doors) (A / Aw), A = Leakage area
& Aw = wall area
LooseVery Loose
Tight
Average
Loose
Tight
Average
Loose
Preliminary Calculated DataExterior walls area for Each Story (except stairwell)
Each Story Leakage Area (except stairwell)
Stairwell Walls area per floor
Pressure Level : 25 Pa
1P-
= 0.23
P = Pressure Differential = 25
0.83 x 0.23 x
Although the effective leakage area is known, there are other leaks we are not aware of.To account for these leaks, Q is increased by 50%, hence:
0.9545
2P-
Door Area = 2 x 0.8
Building Exterior Walls Leakage Area Ratio
(includes construction cracks, and cracks around
windows & doors) (A / Aw), A = Leakage area
& Aw = wall areaStairwell Walls Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction cracks but not cracks around doors) (A / Aw), A = Leakage area & Aw =
wall areaFloors Leakage Area Ratio (includes construction
cracks and gaps around penetrations) (A / Af), A
= Leakage area & Af = floor area
Stairwell Walls Leakage Area (except cracks around windows or doors) per
floor
Air volume required when all doors are closed & maintain 50 )or 25) Pa inside the stairwell )Q = 0.83 x A E x 50 1/2 or 25 1/2 = 5.869A E or 2.9345A E):-
Q1P = Volume of Air Required (m3/s)
AE = Staircase leakage Area, (m2)
(m2)
Q1P =
Q1P =
Air volume Through Open Door to Outside & maintaining 10 Pa inside staircase )Q =0.83 x A E x 10 1/2 = 2.6247 A E) :-
AE = Door area
1.6Pressure P in Stairwell = 10 Pa
4.199504732704
3P-
A1 = Area of Fire Floor Door A2=Leakage Area Per Floor
A1 = 1.6 A2 =
0.86252538809
2.263862155849 x 2 =
Allowance for Leakage in Sheet Metal Ductwork
Project no: Date: Sheet no.:Subject: Stairwell Pressurisation
1V-
Door Area = 2 x 0.8
AE = m2
Q2P= 0.83 x A1 x P1/n
Q2P = m3 / s
Air volume Through Two Open Doors into un-pressurized Space & maintaining 10 Pa inside staircase )Q= 0.83 x A E x 10 1/2 = 2.6247 A E):-
m2
AE = [)1/)A1)2 + )1/A2)2)]-1/2
AE = m2
Q= 0.83 x AE x P1/n
Q3P= m3 / s
Total Pressurization Fan Air Volume flow rate to maintain pressure criterion
QTP = Q1P + Q2P+Q3P => QTP =
QTP =Where:-
QTP = Total air volume flow rate required to maintain the pressure criterion
Velocity Criterion:-
Air volume required to maintain 0.75 m/s through open door on Fire floor )Q = A E . V):-
AE = Fire Floor Door Area
Air Velocity Across Door = 0.75
Q2 = 1.6 xNote:-
2V-
A1 = Area of the Door above the Fire Floor A2 = Area of Exhaust Vent
A1 = 1.6 A2 =
0.459756616906
=> P = 9.8889534
1.344
1.029107338277
2.686049010546
3V-
P = Pressure required to exhaust the exhausted air to atmosphere =
1.6
1.6
n= 2 for doors & 1.6 for windows
4.176122603564
QT =
Allowance for Leakage in Sheet Metal Ductwork
Q1V = A x V =>
Q1V should be exhausted to atmosphere in order to maintain 0.75 m/s thru the fire floor door
Air volume Through One Open Door into un-pressurized Space above Fire Floor
Pressure to Exhaust Q1V to atmosphere Via Fire Floor = [Q1V /)0.83 x A3 )]2
m2
A3 = [)1/)A1)2 + )1/A2)2)]-1/2
A3 = m2
P=[Q1V /)0.83 x A3 )]2
A4 = Leakage Area For Each Floor = m2
AE = [)1/)A1)2 + )1/A2)2)]-1/2 =
Q2V= 0.83 x AE x P1/n
Q2V= m3 / s
Air volume through open door to outside at the calculated adequate pressure to release flow rate from the above step )Q = 0.83 x A E x P 1/2):-
AE = Area of Door Opening Outward
AE = m2
AE = m2
Q= 0.83 x AE x P1/n
Q3V= m3 / s
QTV = Q1 + Q2+Q3 + Q4 =>
QTV =
Conclusion: Velocity Criterion is Dominant
Fan External Static Pressur
Exhaust air flow rate =
Net area of the pressure relief damper =Where:-
QTF =
QTF = Total air volume flow rate of fan required to maintain a proper smoke control
1 of 2 Computed by: يحيى مصطفى الله إلى الفقير العبد
Checked by: Approved by:
Given Data (Entering Data)4
11
2
0.8
Allowance of duct work % age0
6
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening Outwards 2Width of Single leaf doors in frame Opening Outwards 0.8Number of Double leaf doors with or without central rebate 0Building Total Height 18 mEach Floor Height 5.5 mEach accommodation floor length 96 mEach accommodation floor width 64 mFloor Area for Each Story (except stairwell) 7000Stairwell walls length per floor 6 mStairwell walls width per floor 4 m
Reference Data
TYPE OF DOOR
Single-leaf opening into a pressurized space 0.01
Single-leaf opening outwards from a pressurized space 0.02
Double Leaf Door 0.03
Lift landing door 0.06
Tight 0.00005
Average 0.00017
Number of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space (stairwell in our case)
المضغوطة المنطقة على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبواب عدد
Height of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space
Width of Single leaf doors in frame Opening into pressurized Space
Number of Single leaf doors in frame Opening Outwards المبنى خارج على تفتح والتى الواحدة الضلفة ذات األبواب عدد
m2
Leakage Area, m2
Loose 0.00035Very Loose 0.0012Tight 0.000014Average 0.00011Loose 0.00035
Tight 0.0000066Average 0.000052Loose 0.00017
Preliminary Calculated DataExterior walls area for Each Story (except stairwell) 1760Each Story Leakage Area (except stairwell) 1.344
Stairwell Walls area per floor 110 m
0.0121
n= 2 for doors & 1.6 for windows
Pa n = Leakage Factor = 2 for doors & 1.6 for windows
25 : 0.9545
Although the effective leakage area is known, there are other leaks we are not aware of.
+50% 1.43175
= 1.6
m2
m2
Stairwell Walls Leakage Area (except cracks around windows or doors) per m2
Air volume required when all doors are closed & maintain 50 )or 25) Pa inside the stairwell )Q = 0.83 x A E x 50 1/2 or 25 1/2 = 5.869A E or 2.9345A E):-
Q1P= 0.83 x AE x P1/n
Q1P = m3 / sec
Q1P = m3 / s
Air volume Through Open Door to Outside & maintaining 10 Pa inside staircase )Q =0.83 x A E x 10 1/2 = 2.6247 A E) :-
m2
4.1995047
A2=Leakage Area Per Floor
1.344
4.527724312
4.5277243
10.15897904 = 21526.877 cfm
0 %
10.15897904 = 21526.877 cfm
2 of 2 Computed by: يحيى مصطفى الله إلى الفقير العبد
Checked by: Approved by:
= 1.6
Q2P = m3 / s
Air volume Through Two Open Doors into un-pressurized Space & maintaining 10 Pa inside staircase )Q= 0.83 x A E x 10 1/2 = 2.6247 A E):-
m2
m3 / s
Q3P = m3 / s
Total Pressurization Fan Air Volume flow rate to maintain pressure criterion:-
m3 / s
m3 / s
= Total air volume flow rate required to maintain the pressure criterion
Air volume required to maintain 0.75 m/s through open door on Fire floor )Q = A E . V):-
m2
m/s 394 fpm
0.75 1.2
1.2
A2 = Area of Exhaust Vent
0.48
Pa
2.686049
9.888953404 Pa
4.1761226
9.493921614 = 20117.62 cfm
0 %
9.493921614 = 20117.62 cfm
m3 / s
should be exhausted to atmosphere in order to maintain 0.75 m/s thru the fire floor door Q1V = m3 / s
Air volume Through One Open Door into un-pressurized Space above Fire Floor:-
to atmosphere Via Fire Floor = [Q1V /)0.83 x A3 )]2
m2
Q2V = m3 / s
Air volume through open door to outside at the calculated adequate pressure to release flow rate from the above step )Q = 0.83 x A E x P 1/2):-
Q3V = m3 / s
m3 / s
m3 / s
10.15897904 = 21,526.88 cfm
Fan External Static Pressur 25 Plus Duct Pressure Drop Pa
Exhaust air flow rate = 8.7272290444 18,491.95 cfm
Net area of the pressure relief damper = 2.10294675769
m3 / s
m3 / Sec
m2
= Total air volume flow rate of fan required to maintain a proper smoke control
S/N SYSTEM CLASSFAN TOTAL FLOW EXHAUST AIR FLOW RATE
CFM CFM
1 A 2.631750 5,577 1.200000 2,5432 B3 C4 D 8.332343 17,656 6.900593 14,6225 E 10.158979 21,527 8.727229 18,492
m3 / Sec m3 / Sec