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Standards and Tests:Small Wind Turbines

Brent Summerville PETechnical DirectorSmall Wind Certification Council

Commissioner’s Forum: Urban Wind TurbinesJuly 30, 2010, 1pm - 4pm

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SWCC: Small Wind Certification Council

New independent, third-party certification body to serve North America

Certify that small wind turbines (SWTs) meet the requirements of the new AWEA Small Wind Turbine Performance and Safety Standard

Used as state-level eligibility for incentives

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What is the AWEA Standard? AWEA Small Wind Turbine Performance and Safety

Standard (AWEA Standard 9.1 – 2009)

Incorporates, with modifications, existing IEC standards for small wind turbines (IEC 61400 series)

Written to ensure the quality of the wind turbine can be assessed while imposing only reasonable costs and difficulty

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Equipment Eligibility Per the AWEA standard and IEC standards:

Newly manufactured, electricity-producing wind turbines with a swept area up to 200 m2

200m2 ~ 16m diameter rotor ~ 50-65 kW

Horizontal and vertical axis turbines are eligible

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Certification based on… an evaluation of:

Wind turbine design (Structural Analysis)

Field testing

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Field Testing

SWCC Test Organization List now has 26 test organizations

4 new NREL supported Regional Test Centers

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NREL Independent Testing Project, Round 1

Gaia-Wind 11kW ARE 442 EW50 Windspire VT10

Joe Smithjoe.smith@nrel.gov

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IEC Tests Performed Power Performance – power curve,

annual energy production

Acoustic Noise – sound power level, sound pressure levels

Duration – operational time fraction, power degradation, inspections, dynamic behavior

Safety and Function - verification of designed behavior

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View Results at…www.nrel.gov/wind/smallwind/independent_testing.html

Upcoming event on Urban Wind Energy

August 11-12, 2010

Boulder, CO

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Beech Mtn Test SiteAppalachian StateNorth Carolina

Myres Hill Test SiteTUV-NELEast Kilbride, Scotland

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Beech Mtn Test SiteAppalachian StateNorth Carolina

Alternative Energy Institute Test SiteWest Texas A&MCanyon, Texas

Average turbulenceintensity of 0.10

Installed in Urban

Environment

Tested in Open Terrain

Higher turbulence; reduced performance; higher stresses on the

design; potentially inadequate design

Installed on a

Building

Tested on a Tower

Stresses and dynamic behavior assessed on ground-

mounted tower; dynamic loading and stresses on a

building are unknown

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http://www.caebridge.com/urban-wind-and-rooftop-turbine-placement

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Urban Studies MT2: the maintenance team for IEC

61400-2: Design requirements for small wind turbines

Research projects to better understand wind characteristics in the urban environment Turbulence Effects on reliability, performance and

structural design of SWTs

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How to accurately characterize turbulence

How does measured turbulence compare with models from -2

Murdoch University - Jonathan Whale

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Excerpts from Japanese study:

A Study of the Small Wind Turbine in an Urban site

Hideki Tokuyama Nasu Denki Tekko Co.Masafumi Kawakami Zephyr Co.Yasuhiro Takata NIKKO Co.

　　

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A Power performance of a Micro Wind Turbine for a Field Test on an Urban Site

2580

3300

In order to examine the power performance in the urban site, we perform a field test for a micro wind turbine.

This position is 8m in height from the ground. Surroundings of this place is the environment where is lined with buildings.

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Wind environment on an urban site Turbulence intensity

The turbulence intensity is calculated by using the set of 10 minutes data,

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Wind Speed (m/s)

TI

IEC- A

In a urban area, TI shows the tendency which becomes large. The value of TI becomes about 0.3.

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Conclusion Potential mismatch between conditions

of testing and certification of SWTs and the conditions seen by SWTs installed in the built environment

Research is underway to better understand urban conditions and how these conditions relate to the current design and testing standards

Research needed on safety issues and dynamic loading on buildings

Thanks

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Brent Summerville PETechnical Director, SWCCBrent@smallwindcertification.org