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Standards Australia Energy Storage Standards

Consultation Paper 1 19 May 2016

Please send all responses to: National Sector Manager Jessica Curtis [email protected]

Standards Australia 19 May 2016 Energy Storage Consultation Paper 1

CONTENTS

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3

Standards Australia.............................................................................................................................. 3

Background ......................................................................................................................................... 3

Consultation Paper and Process .......................................................................................................... 3

Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

Technologies ....................................................................................................................................... 5

Subject Areas .......................................................................................................................................... 6

Safety of installation ............................................................................................................................ 6

AS/NZS 5139 .................................................................................................................................. 6

Product standards ................................................................................................................................ 7

Grid Connection .................................................................................................................................. 7

Recycling, handling, and transport ...................................................................................................... 8

Handling and Transport ................................................................................................................... 8

Recycling ......................................................................................................................................... 8

Training ............................................................................................................................................... 9

International coordination ..................................................................................................................... 10

Current IEC TC 120 Work Program .............................................................................................. 10

Appendix A: Excerpt from Energy Storage Safety: Responsible installation, use and disposal of domestic and small commercial systems, prepared by CSIRO for the Clean Energy Council, 13 November 2015. Pages 40-48.

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INTRODUCTION

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Standards Australia is the nation’s peak standards body and Australia’s representative to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Standards are written by members of technical committees, who represent nominating organisations which include industry associations, government bodies, and universities.

Australian Standards are voluntary documents when published which can then be called up in regulation.

Standards Australia publishes additional lower consensus documents, including Technical Specifications and Handbooks.

BACKGROUND

Energy storage is being rapidly deployed in Australia, with constant innovations in technology. Industry and government have identified a gap in standards for battery storage systems, and the COAG Energy Council has asked Standards Australia to conduct stakeholder consultations and produce a roadmap for potential documents. Australian Standards documents can help provide clarity, support interconnectivity, and encourage safety.

Key industry groups, including the Australian Energy Storage Council and the Clean Energy Council have come forward with research papers and guidelines. These will form a key input to this work, as will research by the IEC, CSIRO, and other organisations. Industry guidelines and standards work together to support safety and innovation.

CONSULTATION PAPER AND PROCESS

This is the first consultation paper for Standards Australia’s roadmap work on energy storage. We are seeking feedback from all interested parties and look forward to your thoughts. We would ask for responses to specific questions (found in italics) to stay within scope, but welcome any additional information you would like to provide.

After the collection of input from this paper, we will solicit additional feedback on prioritisation of future work.

The goal is to provide a path forward for Australian Standards and other necessary documents to support the safe rollout of energy storage and encourage innovation. The output will include information on prioritisation of subject areas, scoping of potential projects within each area, and an engagement plan for international standards development.

Following the completion of consultations and the roadmap process, Standards Australia will constitute the appropriate committee(s) and accept project proposals for specific documents.

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The overarching structure of this consultation is as follows:

In addition to questions on the above subjects, Appendix A contains a list of subject areas identified with relevant standards by the Clean Energy Council and CSIRO in Energy Storage Safety Study, published 13 November 2015.

• If you know of any other Australian or international standards which could be relevant to this work, we would welcome that input in your response.

International Standards and Participation

IEC TC 120: Electrical Energy Storage Systems IEC TC 21: Secondary Cells and Batteries

Scope: Residential and small-scale storage, all current and emerging [xxx] technologies

SUBJECT AREAS

Safety and Installation

Product Standards

Grid Integration

Recycling, Handling, and Transport

Training

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SCOPE

Energy storage is a quickly changing technology with broad applications. However, in order to produce results in a short timeframe, it was necessary to identify a specific scope for this work with the understanding that broader work can be undertaken in the future.

Following consultations with industry and government, it was determined that the greatest present need for standards lay in small-scale commercial and residential energy storage, focusing on technologies which are present or likely to be deployed in the Australian market. Building on this, it was determined that the scope identified in the CEC/CSIRO study was appropriate.

Thus, this work focuses on stationary electrical energy storage systems of greater than 1 kWh and less than 200 kWh.

It is acknowledged that there will be aspects of this roadmap which can apply to other technologies and/or greater capacities, and it will be important to aim for performance-based, technology neutral documents wherever possible.

TECHNOLOGIES

A current suggestion is to create documents which could apply across all of the listed technologies (and any others which are similar) and use appendices when information needs to be technology specific.

• We ask you to keep this in mind when providing your responses, and identify which subject areas and documents you feel this would be most appropriate for.

The technologies below were included in the CEC/CSIRO study. We have included a summary of the level of standardisation identified in that report. For more detail, please see Appendix A.

• Lead acid: Well established standards • Lithium ion: In need of relevant standards • Nickel-based: Well established standards • Flow: In need of relevant standards • Sodium-ion: In need of relevant standards

For consideration:

• Are there any stationary technologies currently or soon to be deployed which are not listed here?

• Is the above an accurate summary of the state of standards for each technology? • If there is a subject area where it is identified that a technology neutral document is

impossible, thus necessitating technology specific documents, which technologies should be prioritised?

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SUBJECT AREAS

SAFETY OF INSTALLATION

Standards Australia technical committee EL-042, Renewable Energy Power Supply Systems & Equipment, is currently drafting standard AS/NZS 5139, Safety of battery systems for use in inverter energy systems. Information on this standard is outlined below.

AS/NZS 5139

This standard will set out the general installation and safety requirements of battery energy systems, where the battery is installed on-site in an enclosure or battery room, and is connected with a PCE (Power Conversion Equipment) to supply electric power to other parts of an electrical installation.

It will apply to battery energy systems that are constructed on site and battery energy systems that are integrated with inverter energy systems. The construction of these integrated systems is generally outside the scope of this document. The physical installation of the complete integrated system outlined in this standard shall be applicable for these systems.

The standard outlines the hazards that are associated with battery energy systems and defines installations methods that eliminate or minimise these risks. Some of the hazards covered are:

• Electric shock hazard • Energy hazard • Fire hazard • Chemical hazard • Explosion hazard

The installation requirements also cover topics including:

• Earthing requirements • Location of battery • Signage and labelling • Testing and commissioning.

AS/NZS 5139 is currently planned to supersede prior standards, such as AS 4086.1-1993 and AS 4086.2-1997 which only addresses off-grid systems.

• There will be a consultation specific to AS/NZS 5139 in the coming months. For the response to this paper, we ask you to identify if there are any topic areas under the subject area ‘safety of installation’ not being addressed by AS/NZS 5139 which we may need to consider additional documents for.

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PRODUCT STANDARDS

Product related standards will continually evolve in coming years, but at this point we would like to identify what documents are needed for the current rollout of energy storage.

The results from consultations to date have identified performance measurement and ability to deal with Australian-unique conditions (such as temperature) as the two most pressing topics.

• At this stage in technology development, is performance measurement standardisation possible? If so, does this need to be technology specific or can a document be drafted which applies across all types?

• How should environmental condition resilience be addressed in standards documents? Once again, can this be technology neutral?

• Is there an architecture for performance standards that would be beneficial to industry and regulators, allowing for future changes/new standards to be drafted in an orderly and strategic manner?

• Are there any other topic areas which can and need to be addressed in the short term?

GRID CONNECTION

It is acknowledged that the grid will be undergoing large scale transformation due to new technologies in the coming years. The context of this project focuses on direct connection of batteries to the grid, but we do welcome other feedback.

Current and soon to be published standards addressing grid connection of battery storage systems include:

• AS/NZS 4755.3.5 Demand response capabilities and supporting technologies for electrical products - Interaction of demand response enabling devices and electrical products - Operational instructions and connections for grid-connected electrical energy storage (EES) systems.

o This standard is currently being prepared for publication. • AS 4777.1-2005 Grid connection of energy systems via inverters - Installation requirements.

o An update to this standard is currently being prepared for publication, and is proposed to become a joint Australian and New Zealand Standard.

It has been identified that there is a need for standards documents to support non-DRED connection of energy storage to the grid. The proposed structure for this work is:

Australian Standards Handbook providing overview and direction to:

AS/NZS 4755.3.5 AS/NZS 4777.1

New Technical Specification for other connection

technologies

Other?

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For consideration:

• The new Technical Specification (TS) is yet to be scoped. Would it be possible to develop an entirely performance based TS, covering all new and potential connection technologies? If not, what technology types (in addition to DRED devices covered by 4755.3.5) would need to be covered in separate documents?

• What other documents and standards should be referenced in a Handbook on grid connection of battery storage systems?

RECYCLING, HANDLING, AND TRANSPORT

These issues have been identified as vital in the long term, but potentially less urgent when considering work which needs to be undertaken immediately due to previously existing guidelines.

• Where does this subject area fall in the broader priority list of needed document development to support battery storage? Is there a specific topic within it of particular urgency?

HANDLING AND TRANSPORT

As discussed in the Australian Energy Storage Council’s Australian Battery Code, there is a code of practice on Safety Data Sheets provided by Safe-Work Australia.1 Additionally, the CEC/CSIRO study identifies battery storage as being classified as dangerous goods, and thus the Australian Dangerous Goods Code provides some guidance. That report also identifies a number of transport related standards and documents.2

• Is the standards process the appropriate method to consider handling and transport of battery technologies?

• If so, what are the highest priority gaps?

RECYCLING

Consultations have identified recycling guidelines exist for lead-acid and nickel-based technologies. The Australian Battery Recycling Initiative in partnership with the CEC is leading conversations on best practice for the recycling of varied storage technologies.

• With best practice still being developed, how can Standards Australia best support the safe recycling of storage technologies?

• Would a handbook similar to that proposed in the “Grid Connection” subject area be of assistance here? If so, would Standards Australia be the appropriate organisation to facilitate the development of that document?

1 Energy Storage Council, The Australian Battery Guide v 0.9, May 2016 p 23 2 CSIRO Report for the Clean Energy Coucil, Energy Storage Safety: Responsible installation, use and disposal of domestic and small commercial systems, 13 November 2015 p 14-18

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http://safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/about/publications/pages/safety-data-sheets-hazardous-chemicals-cop


TRAINING

There are a number of industry organisations (example: Clean Energy Council, Energy Storage Council) and other groups such as Australian Industry Standards who are currently developing training guidelines or accreditation programs for installers.

• How can Australian Standards documents support the safe installation of storage? • Would it be beneficial to industry or regulators for Standards Australia to be involved in this

process? If so, how would you envision this?

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INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has a relevant committee: IEC TC 120, Electrical Energy Storage Systems. Below is a list of the standards they are in the process of drafting and the proposed publication dates.

The Australian technical committee which will be managing many of these standards is EL-061, Electrical Energy Storage. This committee is not heavily active at this time, but through this process will be rejuvenated. This committee also manages Australian inputs to and voting on the standards developed by TC 120.

• Should Standards Australia not move ahead with any of the specific documents/topic areas addressed previously due to this work, and wait on the international development?

CURRENT IEC TC 120 WORK PROGRAM

Standard Title Initiation Date

Current Stage

Forecast Publication Date

Electrical energy storage (EES) systems - Terminology 2014-05

2nd Committee Draft

2016-12

Electric Energy Storage (EES) systems - Unit parameters and testing methods of electrical energy storage (EES) system - Part 1: General specification

2014-05 2nd Committee Draft

2017-12

Planning and installation of electrical energy storage systems 2014-05 Approved

New Work 2017-10

Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems - Guidance on environmental issues 2014-05

2nd Committee Draft

2017-12

Safety considerations related to the integrated electrical energy storage (EES) systems

2014-05 2nd Committee Draft

2017-12

Safety considerations related to the integrated electrical energy storage (EES) systems - Batteries

Proposed New Work

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40 | Storage safety performance study

Table 13: Description of column headings in Tables 14 17

Column heading Description of standards

TRANSPORT Safe transportation; for example, packing, hazards, transport class, allowable transport methods

HANDLING Safe handling of batteries; for example, weight lifting methods, personal protection

HAZARDS Specifications related to each battery chemistry

SITE LOCATION Safe install location, taking into consideration the specific hazards of energy storage parameters, such as battery chemistry and electrical risks

SYSTEM DESIGN General overall system design comprising a number of individual component blocks, and how they interconnect functionally and safely; for example, battery cells, inverter, cabling and enclosure

BATTERY ENCLOSURE VENTILATION

Individual design parameters specified for the safe ventilation requirements unique to the specific battery chemistry

CELL/BATTERY/PACK Technical and safety parameters of cell or battery packs for best practices when designing for an operational storage system

INVERTER Design, operational, functional and safety performance specifications

WIRING/CABLING/PROTECTION Design rules specifying standards to ensure safe connection, routing, physical and electrical connection and interconnection practices of all electrical wiring

MAINTENANCE TESTING AND PERFORMANCE

Safety or operational performance requirements of storage components and systems

SIGNAGE Content and placement of hazard, safety and operational signage in the vicinity of storage system installations

SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION Specifications for the accompaniment of operational and technical instruction documentation with manufactured or custombuilt systems

RECYCLING/DISPOSAL Present best practices for recycling or disposal of each battery chemistry

Storage safety performance study | 41

Table 14: Lead-acid standards


Table 15: Lithium-ion standards

Storage safety performance study | 43

Table 16: Nickel-based standards


Table 17: Flow battery standards

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