state energy policy: implications for consumers and consumer policy carole makela
TRANSCRIPT
State Energy Policy: Implications for
Consumers and Consumer Policy
Carole Makela
Financial Incentives• Grants• Green Building Incentives• Loan Programs—Utilities, Government• Personal Tax Incentives—Credits, Deductions• Property Tax Incentives—Exemptions,
Exclusions, Credits• Rebates• Sales Tax Incentives—Exemptions, Holidays• Utility Rate Discounts
Policies and Regulations• Appliance Standards• Building Codes• Generation Disclosure Rules• Mandatory Utility Green Power• Net Metering• Public Benefit Funds• Solar and Wind Access
Summary of all State and Territories with Policies and Regulations
Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency
# of states/territories
Appliance Standards (Federal) ─ 12
Building Codes (Federal) ─ 53 (CO, WY)
Generation Disclosure 23 (CO) ─
Mandatory Utility Green Power 9 ─
Net Metering 48 (CO, WY) ─
Public Benefit Funds ─ 20 (CO)
Solar and Wind Access 35 (CO) ─
Summary of all States and Territories with Financial Incentives
Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency
# of states/territories
Personal Tax 20 10
Sales Tax 24 (CO, WY) 10
Property Tax 33 (CO) 5
Rebate* 39 (WY) 43
Grants* 26 21 (CO, WY)
Loans* 36 41 (WY)
Production Incentives 25 ─
Incentives may be state/territory, local, utility, or private.*Most programs are utility/city based.
PurposeExploration of state’s energy
related incentives and policies and regulations, 2008 legislation
2008 Legislation
Frequent issues addressed• Theft of metals (copper) and regulation of scrap
metal dealers• Net metering—flow of electricity (and its cost) to
and from customer generating it• Facilitating use of solar energy• Facilitating use of renewable energy• State agencies, building and purchasing
standards
Solar Water Heating and Efficiency Act—incentives for installing 200,000 solar units in 2007
HI Solar hot water heaters in all new residential construction
IA Office of Energy Independence and the Power Fund
ME, NH
Regulate outdoor wood boilers, regulate sale and use of high emission models
NM Solar energy research part and academy
NY Limit fame waste electric generation (for new metering) to 500 Kwh
SC Incentive program for purchase and installation of EE manufactured homes
VT Development of industrial hemp industry (fuel crop for biodiesel and cellulosic ethanol.
Unique State PoliciesCA Lighting Efficiency and Toxics Reduction Act—lighting levels, hazardous
substances per European Union standardsSolar Water Heating and Efficiency Act—incentive for installing 200,000 solar units in 2007
HI Solar hot water heaters in all new residential construction
IA Office of Energy Independence and the Power Fund
ME, NH
Regulate outdoor wood boilers, regulate sale and use of high emission models
NM Solar energy research park and academy
NY Limit farm waste electric generation (for net metering) to 500 Kwh
SC Incentive program for purchase and installation of EE manufactured homes
VT Development of industrial hemp industry (fuel crop for biodiesel and cellulosic ethanol, etc.)
Conclusions• Provide incentives for consumers to use
renewable energy and/or implement energy efficiencies
• Passed laws exceeded those which died/failed• CA and HI passed the most laws• CA and FL had the most that died/failed