state: himachal pradesh agriculture …...bilaaspur, hamiirpur, lahul&spiti, shimla, kullu,...

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State: HIMACHAL PRADESH Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: Chamba

1.0 District Agriculture profile

1.1

Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone

Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Western Himalayas, Warm Subhumid (To Humid With Inclusion Of Perhumid) Eco-Region. (14.2) Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Western Himalayan Region (I) Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Mid Hills Sub-Humid Zone (HP-2) List all the districts falling under the NARP Zone*(*>50% area falling in the zone)

Bilaaspur, Hamiirpur, Lahul&Spiti, Shimla, Kullu, Solan, Chamba, Mandi, Kangra and Sirmaur, Solan

Geographic coordinates of district headquarters Latitude Longitude Altitude

32011

’30

” and 33

0 13’6” N 75

0 49’ and 77

03’30” E 926m

Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS

Regional Horticulture Research Station, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry -Mashobra( Shimla)Phone No: 0177-2740261, 2740793 FAX-2740092,2740793

Mention the KVK located in the district with address

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Saru, Chamba , Himachal Pradesh – 176 310. Phone: 01899- 232219 (O), 01899- 232 144 (R). Dr. M.L. Bhardwaj, Sr. Programme Coordinator (09418144057) [email protected]

Name and address of the nearest Agromet Field Unit (AMFU, IMD) for agro-advisories in the Zone

IMD, Shimla

1.2 Rainfall Normal RF(mm)* Normal Onset

( specify week and month)

Normal Cessation

(specify week and month)

SW monsoon (June-Sep) 616.86 4th week of June 1st week of September NE Monsoon (Oct-Dec) 60.73 Winter (Jan- March) 215.56

Summer (Apr-May) 119.28

Annual 1012.425

Average rainfall from 1991 to 2010, KVK, Chamba

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1.3

Land use

pattern of the

district(latest

statistics)

Geographical

Area

Cultivable

area

Forest

area

Land under

non-

agricultural

use

Permanent

pastures

Cultivable

wasteland

Land under

Misc. tree

crops and

groves

Barren and

uncultivable

land

Current

fallows

Other

fallows

Area (‘000 ha)

692.4 45.3 272.0 11.7 353.0 7.2 0.015 5.5 2.4 1.0

Department of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of HP

1. 4

Major Soils (common names like red sandy

loam deep soils (etc.,)*

Area (‘000 ha) Percent (%) of total

Brown forest soils

Humus and iron podzols

Alpine humus mountain skeletal soils

1.5 Agricultural land use Area (‘000 ha) Cropping intensity %

Net sown area 41.9 159.2 Area sown more than once 24.8 Gross cropped area 66.7

1.6 Irrigation Area (‘000 ha)

Net irrigated area 5.2 Gross irrigated area 30 Rainfed area 36.7

Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000 ha) Percentage of total irrigated area Canals - - -

Tanks - - - Open wells - - -

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1.7 Area under major field crops & horticulture (as per latest figures)(2006-07)

1.7 Major field crops cultivated Area (‘000 ha)

Total

Irrigated

Rainfed

Maize 28.2 1.0 27.2

Paddy 2.7 2.7 - Wheat 21.3 3.6 17.6 Barley 3.1 0.3 2.7 Pulses (Black gram &Rajmash) 3.4 0.07 3.3 Oil seeds (Brown Sarson, Raya) 2.9 0.03 2.9

State Statistical Abstract of HP, 2008-09

Horticulture crops – Area (‘000 ha) (2007-08)

Bore wells - - -- Lift irrigation schemes - - - Micro-irrigation - - - Other sources (please specify) Kuhls and streams - - - Total Irrigated Area 5.2 100.0 Pump sets NA NA No. of Tractors NA NA

Groundwater availability and use* (Data

source: State/Central Ground water

Department /Board)

No. of blocks/ Tehsils

(%) area

Quality of water (specify the problem such as high levels of arsenic, fluoride, saline etc)

Over exploited - - - Critical - - - Semi- critical - - - Safe - - Wastewater availability and use - - Ground water quality Good, EC<750µ mhos/cm at 250 C

*over-exploited: groundwater utilization > 100%; critical: 90-100%; semi-critical: 70-90%; safe: <70%

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Fruits Total Irrigated Rainfed

Apple 11.5 - 11.5

Other temperate fruits 1.4 - 1.4

Walnut and Dry fruits 1.5 - 1.5

Citrus 0.7 - 0.7

Other fruits (Plum, Apricot etc.)

0.6 - 0.6

Horticulture crops –

Vegetables

Total Irrigated Rainfed

Peas 0.870 - 0.870

Tomato 0.123 - 0.123

Beans 0.447 - 0.447

Cabbage 0.064 - 0.064

Potato 0.7 - 0.7

District agricultural Plan, Vol II, Chamba

Medicinal and

Aromatic crops

Total Remarks

Kalazeera Less than 1 hectare The medicinal plants are naturally found in forests and local inhabitants traditionally collect them as a source of supplementary farm income. However, cultivation of medicinal plants is also encouraged in isolated blocks and different Lavander 5.8 hectare

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Dhoop Less than 1 hectare medicinal plant species are also cultivated by few of progressive farmers

Karu Less than 1 hectare

Ratanjot Less than 1 hectare

District agricultural Plan, Vol II, Chamba

Plantation crops Total Irrigated Rainfed

No plantation crops are

available in Chamba district

- - -

Fodder crops* - - -

Total fodder crop area - - -

Grazing land 353 (000 ha) - 353 (000 ha)

Sericulture etc - - -

Others (specify) - - -

1.8 Livestock Total (‘000)

Cattle 290.9 Buffaloes 41.4 Goat 184.8 Sheep 281.4 Others (Camel, Pig, Yak etc.) 6.4 Commercial dairy farms (Number) Not Available

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1.9 Poultry No. of farms Total No. of birds (‘000)

Commercial - - Backyard - 58.2

1.10 Fisheries (Data source: Chief Planning Officer)

A. Capture

i) Marine (Data Source: Fisheries Department)

Nil

No. of fishermen Boats Nets Storage

facilities (Ice

plants etc.) Mechanized Non-mechanized

Mechanized (Trawl nets, Gill nets)

Non-mechanized (Shore Seines,

Stake & trap nets)

322 - - - - -

ii) Inland (Data Source: Fisheries Department)

270 M.T

No. Farmer owned ponds No. of Reservoirs No. of village tanks

6 3 18

B. Culture

Water Spread Area (ha)

Yield

(t/ha)

Production (‘000 tons)

i) Brackish water (Data Source: MPEDA/ Fisheries Department) - - -

ii) Fresh water (Data Source: Fisheries Department)* - - -

Others

1.11 Production and Productivity of major crops

1.11 Name of crop Kharif

Rabi Summer

Total

Production ('000 t)

Productivity (kg/ha)

Production ('000 t)


Production ('000 t)


Production ('000 t) Productivity (kg/ha)

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Maize 74.09 2060.0 74.09 2060.0

Rice 3.69 1280.0 3.69 1280.0 Wheat 32.83 1585.00 32.83 1585.0 Barley 4.83 1365.4 4.83 1365.4 Pulses(Black gram and Rajmash)

1.25 260.66 1.25 260.6

Oil seeds(Brown sarson and Raya)

0.54 180.8 0.54 180.8

Horticulture - fruits Apple 9.414 460.0 9.414 460.0

Other Temperate fruits

0.518 300 0.518 300

Walnut and Dry fruits

0.322 210.0 0.322 210.0

Citrus 0.906 1530.0 0.90 1530.0

Other fruits (Plum, Apricot etc.)

1.99 1545.0 1.991 1545.0

1.12 Sowing window

for 5 major field

crops

(start and end of

normal sowing

period)

Maize Paddy Wheat Barley

Pulses

(Rajmash/

Black gram)

Oilseed Crops

(Gobhi Sarson,

Raya)

Potato

Vegetables

(Pea,Tomato,

Cabbage,

capsicum,

Cauliflower)

Kharif- Rainfed 1stweek of June–2nd week of July

- - - 2nd week of June -2ndweek of July

- 1st week of April 1st week of March - 4th week of June

Kharif-Irrigated - 2nd week of June -2nd week of July

- -

- - 1st week of April

1st week of March - 4th week of June

Rabi- Rainfed - -

4thweek of October -2ndweek of November

1st week of November - 3rd week of November

-

1st week of November - 3rd week of November

2nd week of January - 4th Week of January

1st week of October - November

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Rabi-Irrigated - -

4th week of October to 2nd Week of November

- - -

2nd week of January- 4th Week of January

1st week of October - November

What is the major contingency the district is prone to? (Tick mark) Regular Occasional None

Drought √

Flood √

Cyclone √

Hail storm √ Heat wave √

Cold wave √

Frost √

Sea water intrusion √

Pests and disease outbreak (specify) √

Others (specify) - - -

1.14 Include Digital maps of

the district for

Location map of district within State as Annexure I

Enclosed: Yes

Mean annual rainfall as Annexure 2 Enclosed: Yes

Soil map as Annexure 3 Enclosed: Yes

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Annexure I

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Annexure II

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Annexure III

New

Soil

Unit

Description Area

(ha)

SOILS OF GREATER HIMALAYAS

SOILS OF SUMMITS AND RIDGE TOPS

1 Rock outcrops covered with glaciers; associated with: Shallow, sandy-skeletal soils with severe erosion and strong stoniness

55375.54

SOILS OF MOUNTAINS AND VALLE GLACIERS

2 Rock outcrops and valley glaciers; associated with: Shallow, sandy-skeletal soils with severe erosion and moderate stoniness

1011.747

SOILS OF SIDE / REPOSED SLOPES

3 Rock outcrops; associated with: Medium deep, loamy-skeletal soils with severe erosion and moderate stoniness

14054.09

4 Rock outcrops; associated with: Shallow, loamy-skeletal soils with severe erosion and moderate stoniness

64564.31

5 Rock outcrops; associated with: Medium deep, loamy-skeletal, calcareous soils with severe erosion and strong stoniness

4469.156

6 Rock outcrops; associated with: Deep, loamy-skeletal soils with severe erosion and strong stoniness

133729.3

7 Shallow, loamy soils with severe erosion; associated with: severe erosion and strong stoniness

104038.7

8 Deep, loamy soils with very severe erosion; associated with: Deep, sandy-skeletal soils with very severe erosion and moderate stoniness

6614.506

SOILS OF GLACIO-FLUVIAL VALLEY 9 Deep, coarse-loamy soils with moderate erosion 31701.35

SOILS OF LESSER HIMALAYAS

SOILS OF SUMMITS AND RIDGE TOPS

10 Shallow to medium shallow, loamy soils with severe erosion 6533.494 SOILS OF SIDE / REPOSED SLOPES

11 Rock outcrops; associated with: Medium deep, loamy-skeletal soils with severe erosion and moderate stoniness

6292.202

12 Deep, loamy-skeletal soils with severe erosion and slight to moderate stoniness; associated with: Loamy soils

631.3674

13 Shallow, loamy-skeletal soils with severe erosion and strong stoniness; 107626.9

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associated with: Rock outcrops 14 Deep, loamy soils with severe erosion 7504.967 15 Shallow to medium deep, loamy soils with moderate to severe erosion and

slight stoniness 54811.21

16 Medium deep to deep loamy soils with moderate to severe erosion 18250.16 17 Deep, loamy over sandy soils with very slight erosion and moderate stoniness;

associated with: Shallow, loamy soils with moderate erosion and moderate stoniness

4902.286

SOILS OF SIDE / REPOSED SLOPES

18 Medium deep to deep, loamy-skeletal soils moderate to severe erosion; associated with: Loamy soils with moderate erosion

16312.34

19 Deep, loamy soils with moderate erosion and moderate stoniness; associated with: Medium, deep, loamy soils

14375.67

Total area 652799.3

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2.0 Strategies for weather related contingencies

2.1 Drought

2.1.1 Rainfed situation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Early season

drought (delayed

onset)

Major Farming

situatio

Normal Crop / Cropping system Change in crop /

cropping system

including variety

Agronomic

measures

Remarks on

Implementati

on

Delay by 2 weeks

2nd

week of July

Brown Forest Shallow to moderately deep gravelly sandy loam to sandy clay loam Soils (Scarce rainfall)

Maize – Wheat No Change Normal Agronomic measures recommended by SAU

-

Paddy-wheat+ Sarson

Maize/Blackgram/Rajmash – Wheat+sarson Vegetable- Vegetable


Early season

drought (delayed

onset)

Major Farming

situation

Normal Crop /

Cropping system

Change in crop / cropping

systemincluding variety

Agronomic measures Remarks on

Implementatio

n

Delay by 4 weeks

4th

week of July


Maize – Wheat

Maize: K-517, K-9451, K-25 and KH-2005 (K= Kanchan) Blackgram (Him-1, T-9)

• Hand weeding • Mulching between rows

with weeds and grasses @5 t/ha

-Link SAU, NSC Department of agriculture and other seed firms to get good quality

Paddy-Wheat+ Sarson

Paddy:RP-2421/ • Adopt closer spacing in rice

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Blackgram/ Rajmash

Blackgram: T-9 Rajmash: Jwala Intercropping with legumes like black gram (Him-1)

• Hand weeding • Mulching between rows

with weeds and grasses @5 t/ha

seed Awareness and training campaigns by extension agencies

KVK

Vegetable- Vegetable Pea- Tomato/Beans

No Change

• Hand weeding • Mulching between rows with

weeds and grasses @5 t/ha Potato -Peas

Potato: Kufri Jayoti


Early season

drought (delayed

onset)

Major Farming

situation

Normal Crop /

Cropping system

Change in crop /

cropping systemincluding

variety


Implementati

on

Delay by 6 weeks

2nd

week of August


Maize – Wheat

• Maize: K-517, K-9451, K-25 and KH-2005 (K= Kanchan)

• Intercropping with legumes like blackgram cv. Him-1

• Sowing of maize with 15-20% higher seed rate

• Dry sowing of maize • Adopt closer spacing in

• Mulching between rows with weeds and grasses @5 t/ha

Department of Agril, Awareness campaigns by extension agencies

Paddy-Wheat+ Sarson Paddy:RP-2421 • Adopt closer spacing in rice

Blackgram/Rajmash –Wheat + Sarson

Blackgram: T-9 Rajmash: Jwala

• Sowing of maize with 15-20% higher seed rate

• Adopt closer spacing • Dry sowing of maize • Intercropping with legumes like

black gram • Mulching between rows with

weeds and grasses @5 t/ha.

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No Change

• Hand weeding • Mulching between rows with

weeds and grasses @5 t/ha

Potato - Peas

Potato: Kufri Jayoti


Early season

drought (delayed

onset)

Major Farming

situation

Normal Crop / Cropping

system

Change in crop / cropping

systemincluding variety


Implementation

Delay by 8 weeks

4th

week of August


Maize – Wheat Toria /Oats Toria: DK-1 or Bhawani Oats: Palampur-1, Kent

• Sowing of Toria at 30 cm spacing and oats at 25 cm spacing . • Construction of rainwater harvesting structures i.e. LDPE farm ponds

Department of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, NREGA, RKVY, Technology mission , Pt. DeenDayalUpadhyayYojna etc.

Paddy-wheat+ Sarson Blackgram/Rajmash -Wheat+sarson Vegetable- Vegetable Pea- Tomato/Beans

Growing of marigold flowers (African Marigold) Marigold : Pusa Narangi

Potato - Peas

Toria /Oats Toria: DK-1 or Bhawani Oats: Palampur-1, Kent


Early season drought (Normal

onset)

Major Farming

situation

Normal Crop /

Cropping system

Crop management Soil nutrient and moisture

conservation measures

Remarks on

Implementation

Normal onset followed by 15-20 days dry spell after sowing leading to poor germination/crop

Brown Forest Shallow to moderately deep gravelly sandy loam to sandy clay loam

Maize – Wheat

• Hand weeding in maize • Reduction in plant population by 10-15 % by thinning • Intercropping of blackgram cv. Him-1 or UG-218 in

• Mulching between rows with weeds and grasses @5 t/ha • Foliar spray of urea @ 0.5%

NREGA, RKVY, watersheds,Technology mission , Pt. DeenDayalUpadhyayYojna for the support of farm

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stand etc.) Soils (Scarce rainfall) poor germinated areas • Re-sowing of maize where there is meager or no germination

• Construction of rainwater harvesting structures i.e. LDPE farm ponds

pond technology

Blackgram/Rajmash -Wheat+sarson

• Hand weeding in maize • Reduction in plant population by 10-15 % by thinning

Rice -wheat+ Sarson

• Hand weeding • Reduction in plant population by 10-15 % bythinning • Re-transplanting of rice where there is mortality

• Foliar spray of urea @ 0.5% to replace soil application • Construction of rainwater harvesting structures i.e. LDPE farm ponds


• Sowing with early cultivars of pea like Arkel and Matarageta • Gap filling with new plants

• Mulching between rows with weeds and grasses @5 t/ha

• Foliar spray of urea @ 0.5% to replace soil application

Potato - Peas Potato: KufriJayoti

• Hand weeding • Reducing plant

population by 15%


Mid season

drought (long

dry spell,

consecutive 2

weeks rainless

(>2.5 mm)

period)

Major

Farming

situation

Normal Crop /

Cropping system



Remarks on

Implementation

At vegetative

stage

Brown Forest Shallow to moderately

Maize/Blackgram/Rajmash -Wheat+sarson

• Hand weeding • Mulching between rows with weeds and grasses @5 t/ha • Foliar spray of urea @ 0.5%

• LinkNREGA, RKVY, watersheds,Technology mission , Pt.

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deep gravelly sandy loam to sandy clay loam Soils (Scarce rainfall)

Paddy-wheat+ Sarson

• Interculture DeenDayalUpadhyayYojna for the support of farm pond technology • Vegetable-

Vegetable Pea- Tomato/Beans

• Gap filling with new seedlings in tomato

Potato - Peas Potato: KufriJayoti

• Hand weeding • Reducing plant population

by 15%


Mid season

drought (long dry

spell)

Major

Farming

situation

Normal Crop /

Cropping system



Remarks on

Implementation

At flowering/

fruiting stage


Maize – Wheat

Maize: K-517, K-9451, K-25 and KH-2005 (K= Kanchan) Wheat: Raj-3765

• Foliar spray of urea @ 0.5% to replace soil application • Interculture

• Mulching between rows with weeds and grasses @5 t/ha • Construction of rainwater harvesting structures i.e. LDPE farm ponds • Life saving irrigation if possible

• LinkNREGA, RKVY, watersheds,Technology mission , Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Yojna for the support of farm pond technology

Paddy-wheat+ Sarson

Blackgram/Rajmash -Wheat+sarson Vegetable- Vegetable Pea- Tomato/Beans Potato - Peas

Potato: KufriJayoti

Fruit Based Apples Other temperate fruits Walnut and dry fruits Citrus Other fruits

• Fruit thinning up to 25 % by spraying Planofix @ 45 ml/ 200 l water

• Clean basin cultivation by manual weeding or by spray of glyphosate @ 1 ml / l

• Mulching with weeds and grasses @5 t/ha or black polyethylene mulch of 100 micron thickness

• Foliar spray of Urea @0.5%

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Terminal drought

(Early withdrawal of monsoon)

Major

Farming

situation

Normal Crop / Cropping

system

Crop management Rabi Crop Planning Remarks on

Implementation


Maize/ Blackgram/ Rajmash -Wheat+sarson

• Hand weeding in maize

• Life saving irrigation

If damage is severe, plan for land preparation for early Gobhisarson var. Neelam or Raya variety RCC-4 or Brown sarson var. KBS-3

• Providing improved species of fruit plants by the Department of Horticulture under Horticulture Technology Mission • LinkNREGA, RKVY, watersheds,Technology mission , Pt. DeenDayalUpadhyayYojna for the support of farm pond technology • Link SAU,NSC and department of agriculture for good quality seed and KVK for training needs of farmers

Paddy-wheat+ Sarson


• Life saving irrigation

• Sowing with early cultivars of pea like Arkel and Matarageta

Potato -Peas Potato: Kufri Jayoti

Fruit Based Apples Other temperate fruits Walnut and dry fruits Citrus Other fruits

• Spray of Ethephon @ 500 ml / 200 l water to enhance maturity • Clean basin

cultivation by manual weeding or by spray of glyphosate @ 1 ml / l

• Planning for introducing drought tolerant fruit plants like Harar, Amla, Karonda, pomegranate,

• In-situ planting of walnut and pecan

• In-situ moisture conservation by preparing V-shaped micro- catchments and planting on apex.

2.1.2 Drought - Irrigated situation


Major Farming

situation

Normal Crop/cropping

system

Change in crop/cropping

system


Implementation

21


Major Farming

situation


system


system


Implementation

Delayed release of water in canals due to low rainfall

Khul, undulating lands and brown forest soils

Paddy (sub merged conditions) Maize / Aerobic rice

Select short duration varieties of maize and aerobic rice Limited irrigation Alternate Furrow irrigation Drip irrigation Foliar application of urea@ 0.5 percent

• Awareness campaigns by extension agencies • Installation of drip irrigation systems under Pt. DeenDayalUpadhyayyojna and RKVY

Vegetables based Capsicum, Potato, French Bean, Cabbage, Chilli

Millets


Major Farming

situation


system


system


Implementation

Limited release of water in canals due to low rainfall


Vegetable based Capsicum, Potato, French Bean, Cabbage, Chilli

Continue vegetable based system

Limited irrigation Alternate Furrow irrigation Drip irrigation

• Installation of drip irrigation systems under Pt. DeenDayalUpadhyayyojna and RKVY • Awareness campaigns by extension agencies


Major Farming

situation


system


system


Implementation

Non release of water in canals under delayed onset of monsoon in catchment


Paddy (sub merged conditions)

Aerobic rice/ Millets In-situ moisture conservation technologies Water harvesting, recycling of rain water Management of disease and insects pest

• Awareness campaigns by extension agencies • Provision of seed material and agrochemicals

22


Major Farming

situation


system


system


Implementation

by Department of Agriculture


Major Farming

situation


system


system


Implementation

Lack of inflows into tanks due to insufficient /delayed onset of monsoon



Maize, Aerobic rice and vegetables (Tomato, chilli and Brinjal)

Limited irrigation Drip irrigation Spray 2% urea Control of insects and pests

• Awareness campaigns by extension agencies • Provision of seed material and agrochemicals by Department of Agriculture


Major Farming

situation


system


system


Implementation

Insufficient groundwater recharge due to low rainfall



Maize, Aerobic rice and vegetables (Tomato, chilliand Brinjal

Limited irrigation Hand weeding and mulching Spray 0.5% urea Drip irrigation Control of insects and pests

• Awareness campaigns by extension agencies • Provision of seed material and agrochemicals by Department of Agriculture

23

2.2 Unusual rains (untimely, unseasonal etc) (for both rainfed and irrigated situations) Condition Suggested contingency measure

Continuous high rainfall in a short

span leading to water logging

Vegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post harvest

Vegetables (Capsicum, Cabbage, Tomato, Beans, Cucurbits)

Provide drainage Use of shade nets Grow crops in protected structures Provide drainage

Drain out Harvesting at physiological maturity Use stakes and avoid touching of fruits to the ground

Grade and pack after safe storage at pack and grading houses

Horticulture Provide drainage Drain out excess water

Harvesting at physiological maturity

Grade and pack after safe storage at pack and grading house

Fruit crops (Apple, Plum, Apricot, Pears, Nut and Dry fruits)

Heavy rainfall with high speed

winds in a short span2

Pea Provide drainage Use of shade nets Grow crops under protected structures Provide drainage

Drain out Harvesting at physiological maturity Use of stakes for support

Grade and pack after safe storage at pack and grading houses

Tomato Beans Cucurbits Cauliflower

Horticulture Fruit crops (Apple, Plum, Apricot, Pears, Nut and Dry fruits)

Provide drainage Drain out excess water Use of shade nets

Drain out Harvesting at physiological maturity

Grade and pack after safe storage from insect pest at pack and grading houses

Outbreak of pests and diseases due

to unseasonal rains -

24

2.3 Floods

Condition Suggested contingency measureo

Transient water logging/ partial

inundation1

Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest

Continuous submergence

for more than 2 days2 Not applicable

Sea water intrusion3

2.4 Extreme events: Heat wave / Cold wave/Frost/ Hailstorm /Cyclone* Extreme event type Suggested contingency measure

r Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest

Heat Wave Not applicable

Cold wave

Horticulture Apple Raise nursery plants in poly

chambers

Light irrigation on foliage Heavy pruning during dormancy Coating of plants through tree spray oils

For improving fruit setting placement of bee hives Placement of pollenizer bouquets

Proper packing and grading of fruits for safe storage and transportation to destination APMC’s

Other temperate fruits

Frost

Pea Grow seedling in low poly tunnels Mist formation with light irrigation

Light irrigation Removal of affected pods/fruits Proper packing & grading of fruits Tomato

Horticulture Apple Use shade nets

Light irrigation in evening period Mist formation with light irrigation Use of foggers

Light irrigation

Removal of injured pods/fruits Proper packing & grading of fruits Mango

Litchi

Hailstorm Pea Use of anti hail nets In hail prone areas grow

these vegetable under shade net or in playhouses or

Use of shade nets to protect from hail injuries

Removal of injured pods/fruits Proper packing of graded fruits Tomato

Cucurbits

25

cauliflower protected structures

Use of plant growth regulators for injury recovery

Horticulture Apple Use of shade nets Use of anti hail nets Use of anti hail nets

wherever feasible Use of plant growth regulators for injury filling Remove hailed/ injured fruits Use of anti hail guns wherever feasible

Remove injured fruits Safe storage of graded fruit at pack house

Apricot Plum

Cyclone Not applicable

2.5 Contingent strategies for Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries 2.5.1 Livestock

Suggested contingency measures

Before the events During the event After the event

Drought

Feed and fodder availability Collect crop residues, collect tree fodder, use mangers, use chaff cutters , hay storage ,

Utilization of fodder from Perennial &reserve sources, Open grazing in forests and alpine slopes/ community lands and feeding of crop residues ; use of mangers and chaff cutters , feeding of household waste

Culling undesirable Livestock ( sheep and goats ) , Raising of fodder trees, replacement of unproductive animals with improved ones

Drinking water Storage of water in tanks , Traditional water ponds , rivers

Utilization of stored water, Stall drinking , rivers , traditional water ponds

Rejuvenation of water sources

Health and disease management

Advance preparation with medicines and vaccination, Local ethno pharmaceutical and modern medicines

Treatment of affected livestock by mass campaign, Modern veterinary care , veterinary camps , insulation

Proper veterinary care , awareness , capacity building of locals, health care management

Floods Not applicable

26

Feed and fodder availability Drinking water Health and disease management

Cyclone Not applicable Feed and fodder availability Drinking water Health and disease management

Cold wave Shelter/environment management

Brought back from high hill pasture lands to nearby pastures ; restricted open grazing

Stationary conditions in cowsheds , group living, dry grass flooring, gunny bags on windows, gunny bags wrapped on the belly of milking animals , restricted open grazing during sunny days only

Open grazing, grazing in open sun , massage of milking animals and other species, hot water bath of animals


Traditional herbs fed to animals Warm living conditions, syrup of lassi ( curd juice ) after roasting fed to animals , avoid exposure to cold and rains/ snow.

Open grazing in sunny days and feeding of medicinal herbs . In case of acute problem , veterinary care

2.5.2 Poultry (Backyard only)

Suggested contingency measures Convergence/linkages with

ongoing programs, if any

Before the eventa During the event After the event

Drought

Shortage of feed ingredients

Surplus storage of poultry feed ; No special preparations as these are kept as backyard activity

Utilization of surplus feed; No impact as these is kept in captivity. Moreover these are kept as backyard and household waste is sufficient for their keeping

Kept as backyard activity Availing Insurance Culling affected birds

Collaboration with Directorate of Animal Husbandary

Drinking water Storage of water in tanks Utilize stored water Kept as backyard activity and local drinking water is sufficient

Water storage structures can be constructed in collaboration with MNERAGA , HTM and other schemes of the Department of Rural Development

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Advance preparation with medicines and vaccination

Mass Vaccination, Locally managed with the help of veterinary care

Kept as backyard activity and local health care is practiced

Collaboration with Directorate of Animal Husbandry

Floods Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Shortage of feed ingredients

Drinking water Health and disease management

Cyclone Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Shortage of feed ingredients

Drinking water Health and disease management

Heat wave and cold wave Shelter/environment management

Proper Ventilation and warm space Proper aeration and fan , open spacing, water supply , warm space

Kept as backyard activity so no proper action is taken

Collaboration with Directorate of Animal Husbandry


Local Local and Veterinary care Kept as backyard activity and local knowledge about veterinary care is practiced

2.5.3 Fisheries/ Aquaculture ( It is a supportive activity only )

Suggested contingency measures

Before the event During the event After the event

1) Drought Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable

A. Capture Marine Inland (i) Shallow water depth due to insufficient rains/inflow (ii) Changes in water quality

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(iii) Any other B. Aquaculture Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable (i) Shallow water in ponds due to insufficient rains/inflow (ii) Impact of salt load build up in ponds / change in water quality (iii) Any other

2) Floods Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable

A. Capture

No specific action is taken as it is a supporting activity only and fishes are collected from natural ponds, rivers only .

Marine Inland (i) No. of boats / nets/damaged (ii) No.of houses damaged (iii) Loss of stock (iv) Changes in water quality (v) Health and diseases

B. Aquaculture Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable

(i) Inundation with flood water (ii) Water contamination and changes in water quality (iii) Health and diseases (iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed, chemicals etc) (v) Infrastructure damage (pumps, aerators, hutsetc) (vi) Any other

3. Cyclone / Tsunami Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable

A.Capture Marine (i) Average compensation paid due to loss of fishermen lives (ii) Avg. no. of boats / nets/damaged

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(iii) Avg. no. of houses damaged Inland B. Aquaculture (i) Overflow / flooding of ponds (ii) Changes in water quality (fresh water / brackish water ratio) (iii) Health and diseases (iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed, chemicals etc) (v) Infrastructure damage (pumps, aerators, shelters/hutsetc) (vi) Any other

4. Heat wave and cold wave Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable

A. Capture Marine Inland . B. Aquaculture Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable (i) Changes in pond environment (water quality) (ii) Health and Disease management (iii) Any other

• No specific action is taken as it is a supporting activity only and fishes are collected from natural ponds, rivers only.

state: himachal pradesh agriculture …...bilaaspur, hamiirpur, lahul&spiti, shimla, kullu,...

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