state of the art of geomatics in italy …geomatica.como.polimi.it/presentazioni/udine_ottobre...

Udine, 26th October 2011

STATE OF THE ART OF GEOMATICSIN ITALY:

FROM SCIENCE TO TECHNOLOGY

Fernando Sansó

DIIAR - Politecnico di Milano – Polo Territoriale di Como

The presentation is done according to the following tree

Positioning Navigation

Geomatics

Surface DeterminationGeodesy Geo Info Systems

Geometry Thematic 2D 4D Warping & Generalization

GeoservicesGravity field; heights

DIIAR - Politecnico di Milano Polo Territoriale di Como

STATE OF THE ART OF GEOMATICS IN ITALY: FROMSCIENCE TO TECHNOLOGY 2

Geodesy

Gravity Field Positioning

Surveying & NavigationReference Systems

& Monitoring

Global Local

Space Gravity MonitoringGeoid



Surface Determination

Image Analisys Geometry

Frequency Space (Remote Sensing

Classification)

(Interface : Vision and Artificial Intelligence)

Close Range Image Space

(Segmentation Recognition)

DTM/DSM



(Interface : Informatics) Geo-Information Systems

DB Merging GeoservicesRepresentation

Georefering Warping Generalization from 2D to 4D 3D Visualization GeoWeb



For each subject we will consider:

• conceptual framework• problems and research items on which there are

groups working (to the knowledge of the speaker)• realizations, if any (to the knowledge of the speaker)

No list of names (too boring)

The puzzle will not be complete



Geodesy: Heights

- need of an overall geoid Global gravity model only?

( )ζ+=+= *hNHh

(2159)2 coefficients! and spherical harmonics

sewing the various geoid patches.

EGM08cm10≈σ( )∑= λϑ

γ,1

mmYTN

- worldwide unification of the height datum

G1

G2



Realization

( ) cmN 5≈σ

The Italian geoid Italgeo05



Geodesy: Space Gravity Monitoring

To understand climate evolution and assess natural hazards

Ice melting

Atmospheric water vapour content

Earthquake



Geodesy: Reference Systems and Monitoring (1)

Combination of Global RS – Regional RS

Geodinamics: deformation as function of Reference System

from Global to National



Realization 1RDN (National Reference Network by IGM, Istituto Geografico Militare, and Universities).

National Network of 90 permanent GNSS stations implemented according to EUREF rules: continuous monitoring in progress.



Realization 2RING (National Deformation Network by INGV)

National Network of more than 150 permanent GNSS stations to study deformation related to crustal dynamics and relevant geophysical effects.



Geodesy: Reference Systems and Monitoring (2)

Local

Regional positioning services

Positioning Services by Private Companies

Local Monitoring(- combination of Positioning with

prior deformation models,- combination of Positioning with differentsensors)



“Real time”The reconstruction of an earthquake waveform by a standing alone GPS receiver (Fukushima Earthquake).



Troposheric Tomography by GPS to correct SAR dat on P.S. at mm level! (The Ivanchich landslide)

sliding area



Surveying and Navigation

• Theory, algoritms and SW development forpermanent GNSS networks, positioning services andnavigation (several items; in particular Quality Control ofRTK positioning).

• Exploring the limits of low cost receivers (100 €) embeddedin a positioning service.

in continuous evolution

Accuracy



A student's Lab with an Ublox/eBontek receivers referred to a permanent station.

ReferenceLab SW (GoGPS)Resident SW



Not to be forgotten: the true navigation!GBAS system scenery



SBAS system scenery



S.D.: Geometry DTM/DSMDTM = DEM + other

vector data usefulto describe theterrain morphology

DEMDSM

DDTM = Dense DTM

(high spatial resolution)

Problems:• find broken lines• identify synthetic/natural surfaces• interpolation algorithms

(e.g. gravimetry requires knowing DTM, flood riskprevention requires DTM without canopy, forestry requirescanopy and DTM i.e. mean height of the trees...)



A surface described bypixels (light or SAR) or bypoints (LiDAR)

S.D.: Geometry: the resolution problem

Research item: the “best” combination of differentobservation functionals with different accuracy and different

resolution, (mostly) with insufficient information on thestochastic model.

SAR Imaging

LiDAR



Photogrammetry Navigation

UAVSurface

Reconstruction

S.D.: Photogrammetry by complex takings



• UAV: Microdrones MD4‐200• Multispettral images with different payloads (Pentax Optio AD40, Sigma DP1, Tetracam ADC Lite)

Test area:Medolago (BG) – Parco Adda Nord

Objective:classification study for recognizing non‐native plants

Multispectral images from UAV



Georeferencing ortriangulation

S.D.: Geometry: space imaging

High resolution images: (Heros, Aster, Quickbird)validation/calibration



Realizations

• Imagery of the whole national area every 3 years by a private company (BLOM, once CGR)

• SAR imaging by Cosmo SkyMed (Italian Space Agency)

• Many realizations at regional or more local level formapping or other particular purposes

• No national authority for imaging only regional coordination (CISIS)



Cosmo Sky Med (SAR in X band) by Italian Space Agency

Realizations

PRISMA by ASI (Launch 2013)Environmental hyperspectral mission(parallel to ENMAP by DLR)



Coverage of rivers andcoast lines by LIDAR + Hyperspectral (MIVIS)data (flight 2011)

Extraordinary Plan for the Environmental Remote Sensing



Automatic Italian SW on LiDAR image classification

Object with single pulse (building)

Object with double pulse (high vegetation)

Terrain with double pulse (low vegetation)

Terrain with single pulse (terrain)



TerraScan automatic classification

Building

Unclassified

Vegetation

Terrain



• Project fidelity• Monitoring

S.D.: Geometry: Close Range

Deformations detected by laser scanning

TLS station

May 2006 VS Oct 2005

Nov 2006 VS May 2005

Traditional monitoring with

pendulum (middle section)

Cancano Dam (Valtellina, Italy)Surface monitoring of the Cancano Dam by combining total station, Laser tracking and LIDAR.



YX

Z

94 images70.000 tie pointsRMS (res.) = 0.7 pix

Piazza Navona

Automatic orientation of image sequences with ATiPE (PoliMi)



Cultural heritage archiving/restoring/virtual museum

A wealth of applications for obvious “Italian” reasons.

Bronze horse of the San Marco Basilica in Venice

San Marco Basilica in Venice



33

Multimodal guide for the fruition of cultural heritage.

The wooden ceiling of the Steri Palace in Palermo (Italy)


STATE OF THE ART OF GEOMATICS IN ITALY: FROMSCIENCE TO TECHNOLOGY

S.D.: Image Analysis: segmentation, learning

• The conceptual context

• Contour identification

• Locally adaptive filters (inhomogeneous R.F.)

• Markov Random Fields theory vs variational principles

• Object identification (contour + texture and Bayesianclassification on a finite catalogues)

• Expert systems for decision supportingDIIAR - Politecnico di Milano Polo Territoriale di Como


Challenges:

• quantifying the information of hyperspectral data(principal components analysis)

• unification of supervised and unsupervised classification(Bayesian approach)

• Markov random fields theory

S.D.: Image Analysis: frequency domain



Optical Remote Sensing challenges new data technologies- availability of long time series need for appropriate analysis methodologies- availability of new multi-dimensional data (hyperspectral, sub-daily frequence, …)

needs for new advanced algorithmsnew application fields- near-real time environmental indicators integration of multi-source data- quantitative monitoring of bio-physical parameters specialisation (time and space) of standard bio-optical models

Bio-physical ParametersEnvironmental Indicators

0-2020-4040-6060-8080-100>100 Sahel (Africa)

June

July

Aug.

Oct.

Growth Index

Lago Trasimeno (Italia)

Concentration of cyanobacteria

Low

High



TERRASAR-X

Δ ERSΔ ENVISAT

>5

<-5

mm

/yea

r

Analisi temporale InSAR delle deformazioni: area

di Napoli (1992-2008)COSMO -SkyMedENVISAT

Ricostruzione da dati InSARdel pattern di deformazione del sisma del 6 aprile 2009 L’Aquila

SAR applications to: l’Aquila earthquake, Pozzuoli subsidence



• Georeferencing• Warpring

… to estimate automatically the transformation between “corresponding” points.

Question: use of multiresolution analysis

GIS: DB merging



Automatic wraping of a cadastral map on a regional map

Cadastral map

Technical map

Affine transformation

Splinetransformation



GIS: data representation

• Generalization• From 2D 4D

Data in 3D space and time:how to derive spatial/temporal profilesetc.



EST-WA (1)(Environment Space and Time Web Analyzer)

•Metadata Viewer •2D Viewer•Data Filter

EST-WA2D 3D Geometry

Builder

Local cache

•4D Viewer (WWJ engine)

•2D Profile viewer

EST-WA3D

EST-WA

NetCDF data

NetCDF data

RemoteServer

http

DTMTexture



EST-WA (2)

EST-WA3D

EST-WA2D: METADATA VIEWEREST-WA2D: DATA FILTER



Users

Catalogues

Data

Processes

INTERNET

GIS: geoservices (cloud computing)



GIS Geoservices – GeoWeb

One server

Many clients

Many servers

One client



Web MappingWeb Map and Geodata

ServersWeb Map and Geodata Clients

INTERNET



Map mashing-upServers Clients

INTERNET



Based on the personal opinion of the speaker:SUMMARY 1

ITALY:

• we have a quite good understanding of research itemswith a inhomogeneous coverage

• we have a substational lack of rules and organizationfor the “national” uniform technical implementation ofadvanced ideas in geomatics



SUMMARY 2 – (key words)

Different data sourcesDimension of the informationComplexity

General Conceptual Problems we still have to face:

Preprocessing, Validation and

Calibration

Define “gross parameters” beforerefining

Assimilation, Fusion Optimal/sub-optimal algorithms

Information supply Visualization 3D – 4D



state of the art of geomatics in italy …geomatica.como.polimi.it/presentazioni/udine_ottobre...

Documents