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Case# 315291 (consolidated w/315631)

Statement of Additional Grounds for Review

State of Washington v.

Michael Orren Gorski

COPY

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COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION THREE FILED

OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON AUG 2 0 2015

STATE OF WASHINGTON

Respondent,

v.

IW&ne\. CR.\1en (ji:>RRI\1t. (your name)

Appellant.

)

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COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION III

STATE OF WASHINGTON BY-----~

No. 315;2.91 . . (. Mn •5<JL'u&:xtez:.\.-\l'i\'th '3 i·£5&3 I )

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL GROUNDS FOR REVIEW

I, Mldr\CteLO, Gol<l~, have received and reviewed the opening brief prepared by my attorney. Summarized below are the additional grounds for review that are not addressed in that brief. I understand the Court will review this Statement of Additional Grow1ds for Review when my appeal is considered on the merits.

Additional Ground 1

Additional Ground 2

If there are additional grounds, a brief sun1mary is attached to this statement.

Date: P?r il- 2,0 ~6 Form 23

RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 10.10

(a) Statement Permitted. A defendant/appellant in a review of a criminal case may file a prose statement of additional grounds for review to identify and discuss those matters which the defendant/appellant believes have not been adequately addressed by the brief filed by the defendant/appellant's counsel.

(b) Length and Legibility. The statement, which shall be limited to no more than 50 pages, may be submitted in handwriting so long as it is legible and can be reproduced by the clerk.

(c) Citations; Identification of Errors. Reference to the record and citation to authorities are not necessary or required, but the appellate court will not consider a defendant/appellant's statement of additional grounds for review if it does not inform the court of the nature and occurrence of alleged errors. Except as required in cases in which counsel files a motion to withdraw as set forth in RAP 18.3(a)(2), the appellate court is not obligated to search the record in support of claims made in a defendant/appellant's statement of additional grounds for review.

(d) Time for Filing. The statement of additional grounds for review should be filed within 30 days after service upon the defendant/appellant of the brief prepared by defendant/appellant's counsel and the mailing of a notice from the clerk of the appellate court advising the defendant/appellant of the substance of this rule. The clerk will advise all parties if the defendant/appellant files a statement of additional grounds for review.

(e) Report of Proceedings. If within 30 days after service of the brief prepared by defendant/appellant's counsel, defendant/appellant requests a copy of the verbatim report of proceedings from defendant/appellant's counsel, counsel should promptly serve a copy of the verbatim report of proceedings on the defendant/appellant and should file in the appellate court proof of such service. The pro se statement of additional grounds for review should then be filed within 30 days after service of the verbatim report of proceedings. The cost for producing and mailing the verbatim report of proceedings for an indigent defendant/appellant will be reimbursed to counsel from the Office of Public Defense in accordance with Title 15 of these rules.

(f) Additional Briefing. The appellate court may, in the exercise of its discretion, request additional briefing from counsel to address issues raised in the defendant/appellant's pro se statement.

GENERAL RULE 14 FORMAT FOR PLEADINGS AND OTHER PAPERS

(a) Format Requirements. All pleadings, motions, and other papers filed with the court shall be legibly written or printed. The use of letter-size paper (8-1/2 by 11 inches) is mandatory. The writing or printing shall appear on only one side of the page. The top margin of the first page shall be a minimum of three inches, the bottom margin shall be a minimum of one inch and the side margins shall be a minimum of one inch. All subsequent pages shall have a minimum of one inch margins. Papers filed shall not include any colored pages, highlighting or other colored markings. This rule applies to attachments unless the nature of the attachment makes compliance impractical.

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Rud:yan.l Ki.J2ling If.

If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you; If you can tmst yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too; If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies, Or, being hated, don't give way to hating, And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;

If you can dream - and not make dreams your master; If you can think - and not make thoughts your aim; If you can meet with triumph and disaster And treat those two imposters just the same; If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, Or watch the things you gave your life to broken, And stoop and build 'em up with wornout tools;

If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one hnn of pitch-and-toss, And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breath a word about your loss; If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone, And so hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: "Hold on";

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, Or walk with kings - nor lose the common touch; If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you; If all men cmmt with you, but none too much; If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds' worth of distance run -Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it, And - which is more - you'll be a Man my son!

Renee S. Townsley Clerk/ Administrat Ol'

(509) 456-3082 TDD #1-800-833-6388

Michael Orren Gorski, #230776 Washington State Penitentiary 1313 North 13th Ave. Walla Walla, WA 99362

The Court of Appeals of the

State o.f Washington Division III

August 6, 2015

CASE# 315291 (consolidated with #315631)

500 N Cedar ST Spolwne, WA 9920I-I90S

Fax (509) 4S6-4288 http://www. courts, wa.gov/courts

AUG 2 0 2015 COURT OF APPEAL"!

DIVISION lH STATE OF WAHHlNGTON

Dy

State of Washington v. Frank Eugene Brugnone (/Michael Gorski) YAKIMA COUNTY SUPERIOR COURT No. 111009861

Dear Appellant:

We received your "SAG of Appellant Michael Gorski" on August 4, 2015. In addition, we received your "Statement of Additional Grounds for Review" on August 5, 2015, referring this Court to your "SAG of Appellant Michael Gorski". Both documents are being returned to you as rejected for filing for non-compliance of General Rule 14. A copy of RAP 10.10 and General Rule 14 is enclosed.

Your attention is directed to the margin requirements and use of colored markings. Please correct the margins of your statement as well as remove all red print. This Court will accept blue or black ink.

The corrected statement of additional grounds, if any, is now due August 26, 2015. Please refer to the anchor case number 315291 on all documents filed with this Court related to the above matters.

RST:jld

c: . Susan Marie Gasch Gasch Law Office Email

David Brian Trefry Yakima County Prosecutors Office Email

Sincerely,

<::q.mu..,\JvawMh'(j) Renee S. Townsley Clerk/Administrator

Marie Jean Trombley Attorney at Law Email

... . . ·················· ··········· ·16Yt .. . .. ..... .. ~.S-rA1E.Of _'Wf\0\·\J),\Q:\OD . FILED

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WEEKlY ROI.INDI.IP FOR SEPTEMBER 26th, 20:1.4 Washington Supreme Court The open courts cases are summarized by guest editor King County DPA Erin Becker: Open Courts and Defendant Waivers Justice C. Johnson, joined by Justice Owens, h~at t[le

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''~losure of the ~without a Bo~-Ciub_~palvsis. i;. st~t;.~~~r for which a n;=VUJ~jJ js th': ~nix_ remedy1 and that the court must actually articulate and we1gh the factors on the record, not just say they have been met. A defendant can raise th!l Pl!PlLG.JriqJj::sue {or the first time on a[JRe.al, notwithstanding

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RAP 2.S(a)(3), and there is no such thing as a de minimis closure under Washington law. Further, the

doctrine of waiver is inconsistent with Bone-Club, which requires the court to inquire)JL~. w~~!~~r_a_m~one

.9iJieE_s; the def:n.c:J~r1~9_11_f2~etb~J?.'!.b.Ji~'~r[gbt However, a defendant may be able to waive his own righTifUfere is an affirmative and unequivocal personal expression of waiver from the defendant or the equivalent colloquy, as required for waiver of a jury trial. A defendant's waiver of his own presence at the in-chambers individual queStioning is not tantamount to a waiver of the right to a public trial. A waiver will not be effective unless the defendant was informed of his right to a public trial and the consequences of waiving the right. Justice Stephen§Joined by Justice Fairhurst concurred. They largely agreed, although wrote to clarify thafVIia~;r'tfi:he right to a public trial Is not inconsistent with Bone-Club.

Justice. McCloud, joined by Ju~ices J,. JojJilS.on and GQ!lkalez, dissented in part. They agreed that waiver couiCfriot be presumed from si](~ric€i"o'ftiie waiver o'faiiother right, agreed that a defendant can waive his

own right to a public trial, and Indicated that a waiver need not be as detailed as Justice C. Johnson's -~M_,_,,,-o ... M-.:::;::::;2'::"

opinion suggests. ----"--- = 2us~;,e Wigg_i~s, joined by C~~:t,Justice Mad!.;n, dissented. They agreed that the right to a public trial 'COUld be waived. However, theywroilftnafnot every closure constituted structural error, because not every error affects the fairness of the trial. Where the error is not structural, as here, RAP 2.5(a) should apply to preclude review. They would resolve the cases without reaching the merits on the grounds of waiver and/or failure to preserve the error.

(stai;v~f'raiiil~ey;-No. son?-2 csep. 2s, 2014). "....:::.:...:._:,_ . -~---~·-·-/

Open Courts and Jury Instructions and Questions The parties had a jury instructions conference in chambers, followed by an open court proceeding at which the parties could raise objections/take exception to the instructions. The defendant did not agree to this proceeding, and he was not present for it. Later, the deliberating jury asked two questions; the court answered in writing. There was no record made regarding whether or how the jury's questions were discussed before the court provided the written answer to the jury. Justice McCloud, writing for Chief Justice Madsen and Justices C. Johnson, Owens, Fairhurst, Stephens, Gonzalez, J. Johnson, applied the experience and logic test and settled precedent. They concluded that, under Sublett, the public trial right does not attach to the discussion of jury instructions during deliberations, so it doesn't attach to the discussion of jury instructions before deliberations either. With

respect to the issue of the court's answering the jury's two questions, the Court applied RAP 2.5(a)(3) to hold that, although a closure would have been prejudicial, the record does not show a closure-an error-occurred. Justice Wiggins concurred, writing that the logic and experience test should be discarded as it is incorrect

and harmful, but would resolve the case on the basis that the defendanLtCJ!lure to either object below or show that a closure occurred, so RAP 2.5(a) precludes revie{~te 11. Kos~;Jlo. 85306-1 (Sept. 25, 2014). '"-·----·-

Second, they apply the experience and logic test. Looking first at experience, sidebars have historically occurred outside the view of the public, would be practically difficult to have to move the jury in and out all the time, and there is no evidence the public has traditionally played a role. They emphasize that

whether an event is a sidebar is part of the experience prong inquiry; it is only a sidebar if it is limited in

content to the traditional subject area of sidebars, is done to avoid disrupting flow of trial, and is on the record or promptly memorialized.

As for the logic prong, they conclude that it is difficult to conceive of an interest served by ensuring public access to sidebars; that evidentiary rulings do not invoke concerns re perjury, transparency, or

appearance of fairness; that contemporaneous memorialization negates any concerns about secrecy; that

nothing is added by allol!'ing public to intrude on the huddle in real time; and that the evidentiary issues addressed are so complex and foreign to spectators and exclusively within the province of the trial judge that nothing is gained by opening them to the public. Wiggins again concurs on the theory that the experience and logic test should be rejected as incorrect

and harmful, but that review is not warranted because the defendant failed to object, citing RAP 2.5(a)(3). Justice Owens, joined by Justices Fairhurst and McCloud, dissented. They agreed that true sidebars that

occur In open court are fine, but disputed that these proceedings were really sidebars. Applying the

experience prong, they contended that judges don't typically leave the courtroom to discuss evidentiary challenges, and the court's convenience was not a good enough reason to violate the constitution. They conclude that where history or local practice conflict, the court must err on side of openness. Applying the logic prong, they contend that the purpose of openness is to ensure that judges and lawyers are accountable for what occurs in court, that they act with decorum, and that they consider the

consequences of their actions. These values are especially important in considering the admissibility of evidence, which can decide the outcome of the trial. Excluding the public from these hearings erodes

confidence in the outcome of the proceedings, and family members as well as students and practitioners

commonly attend trial and they want to see and understand the evidentiary arguments.~~~~~-~;~~llli!~!~ No. 85809-8 (Sept. 25, 2014). ---

closure was proper even in the absence of the court's weighing of the factors on the record. In Grisby, however, there was no justifiable reason for the closure. Wiggins dissented, again reiterating that not every closure is structural error, the closures here were not, so RAP Z.S(a)(3) should have precluded review when the defendants failed to object~tate v. Snearer;:) No. 862.16-8 (Sept. 25, 2014). . .. ·-····-·-----~

Open Courts and Juror Questionnaires The defendant's lawyer proposed a juror questionnaire and

in-chambers questioning. The trial court gave the jurors questionnaires, and told them that they were

under oath and that their responses were confidential and would be sealed. The court then conferred with counsel (but not the defendant) In chambers, and they mutually agreed to excuse four jurors on the

basis of their questionnaire responses alone, due to the four jurors' knowledge of the defendant's two prior trials, both of which had resulted in murder convictions later overturned on appeal.

Justice Gonzalez, joined by Chief Justice Madsen and Justices C. Johnson and J. Johnson, held that the

proceeding at -jssue''Was not substantially similar to the jury selection procedures at issue in Wise and Morris. Voir dire had not yet begun; it begins when the jurors are sworn to try the particular case, and when the judge identifies the parties and counsel and outlines the nature of the case pursuant to CrR 6.4(b ). Thus, whether the public trial right attached was an issue of first impression. They applied the

experience and logic test, and concluded that the right did not attach. 'As to experience, no cases show that the examination of jury questionnaires is done in public. Rather, it

was similar to the use of a screening tool in Beskurt. Thus, experience does not require an open proceeding. Under the logic prong, public access would have little role in reviewing questionnaires to

screen out those with prior knowledge of the case, so logic doesn't require an open proceeding. The

plurality repeatedly approves State v. Wilson, 174 Wn. App. 328 (Div. II 2013), which held that the public

trial was not implicated when a bailiff excused two jurors solely for illness-related reasons. The plurality alos held that review was not improvidently granted, even though the Court of Appeals had also reversed on the basis that Slert's right to be present was violated and the Court has not granted

review on that Issue, because maybe the Court of Appeals would reconsider and find that that error was

harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Justice Wiggins concurred in the result because, even though the logic and experience test is incorrect and harmful and the public trial right attaches to voir dire, the defendant did not object, error here would

not be structural, so RAP Z.S(a)(3) would preclude review.

Justice Stephens, joined by Justices Owens, Fairhurst, and McCloud, dissented, concluding that the

procedure at issue was functionally voir dire-the examination of jurors for their fitness to serve on the

particular case. The questionnaires substituted for voir dire. The jurors should have been questioned in

open court, and the conviction should be reversed. They also indicate that the sparseness of the record, at least as to whether the jurors had been sworn, was due to the trial court's failure to conduct a Bone­Club analysis, which would have created a fuller recor~te v. Siert;'Np. 87844-7 (Sept. 25, 2014).

' e

Open Courts and Side Bars The court held numerous sidebar conferences .during trial on both · >

ministerial and evidentiary issues. Due to the unusual configuration of the courtroom which prevented discussions at the bar without the jury overhearing, sidebar conferences were conducted in the hallway,

but were recorded. Justice J. Johnson, joined by Chief Justice Madsen and Justices C. Johnson, Stephens, and Gonzalez,

concluded that sidebars do not implicate the public trial right. First, they held that it was irrelevant that

the sidebars occurred in the hallway; they would reach the same result if the hearings were on the record

and in chambers.