Statistical Analysis Systems

Find resources and info at:http://www.sas.com/technologies/analytics/statistics/index.html

Online tutorial available: try if you want

SAS available in Bowman-Oddy (BO) 3051 Monday - Thursday 9:00AM to 10:00PM Friday 9:00AM to 5:00PM Saturday CLOSED Sunday 1:00PM to 10:00PM

SAS available in LEC student computer room

Expect this to be a little confusing, takes a while to get used to

Take example programs and modify to your needs

Work in groups

Use Help function. Examples of syntax etc…… available

Following a flaming snowmobile crash, one statistician asked the other if she was OK. The second said “Well, my hair’s on fire and my toes are frostbitten, but on average I feel pretty good."

Three statisticians go deer hunting with bows and arrows. They spot a big buck and take aim. One shoots and his arrow flies off 3 meters to the right. The second shoots and her arrow flies off 3 meters to the left. The third statistician jumps up and down yelling, "We got him! We got him!"

SAS

3 main windows

Program editor: write edit program, can also do in Word or other

Log: Output of what was done, red=where you went wrong

Output: shows results of what you told SAS to do

Save Excel spreadsheet as *.csv (comma delimited file)

Possible to save and import other formats, but you are on your own to figure out code

Remove column headings from .csv file

Remember which columns are numerical and which are not

data start; infile 'C:\Documents and Settings\cmayer3\My Documents\research\sea grant prop 2003\05 data\all PAM Oneida data 05.csv' dlm=',' DSD; input day $ tank $ sub $ measment $ num light $ zm $ P $ Invert $ F Fm Yield ETR PAR; options ls=200; if zm='n' then delete; proc sort; by day measment light zm P Invert; proc print;

run;

Beginning of sample program

First task, read in data, make sure it’s OK!

; ends a line

Reads in file

Defines, names columnsSet line size to 200- wide easier with <

Delete some obs, note ‘ ‘

$ for non num

sort procedure- very impPrints to output window, check

, delimited file

data start; infile 'C:\Documents and Settings\cmayer3\My Documents\research\sea grant prop 2003\05 data\all PAM Oneida data 05.csv' dlm=',' DSD; input day $ tank $ sub $ measment $ num light $ zm $ P $ Invert $ F Fm Yield ETR PAR; options ls=200; if zm='n' then delete; proc sort; by day measment light zm P Invert; proc print;

data tanks; set start; proc sort; by tank day measment sub light P Invert; proc means noprint; by tank day measment sub light P Invert; var F Fm Yield ETR PAR; output out=one mean=F Fm Yield ETR PAR; proc print;

run;

New data step, read in ‘start’

Data must be sorted before other procedure can be done

Calc means by different categoriesVariables for which you calc means

Define the output dataset and look at it in output window

Any name you want

Any name you want

Name mean variables, same or diff than original

data start; infile 'C:\Documents and Settings\cmayer3\My Documents\research\sea grant prop 2003\05 data\all PAM Oneida data 05.csv' dlm=',' DSD; input day $ tank $ sub $ measment $ num light $ zm $ P $ Invert $ F Fm Yield ETR PAR; options ls=200; if zm='n' then delete; proc sort; by day measment light zm P Invert; proc print;

data tanks; set start; proc sort; by tank day measment sub light P Invert; proc means noprint; by tank day measment sub light P Invert; var F Fm Yield ETR PAR; output out=one mean=F Fm Yield ETR PAR; proc print;

data two; set one;options ls=200;proc sort; by day measment sub light P Invert;proc means noprint; by day measment sub light P Invert; var F Fm Yield ETR PAR; output out=allfact mean=F Fm Yield ETR PAR stderr=eF eFm eYield eETR ePAR; proc print;

run;

Read in means that you made before

Take means of means, exp: daily then weekly means or plot then forrest means

Calc stderr (later), std, other & give name

data start; infile 'C:\Documents and Settings\cmayer3\My Documents\research\sea grant prop 2003\05 data\all PAM Oneida data 05.csv' dlm=',' DSD; input day $ tank $ sub $ measment $ num light $ zm $ P $ Invert $ F Fm Yield ETR PAR; options ls=200; if zm='n' then delete; proc sort; by day measment light zm P Invert; proc print;

data tanks; set start; proc sort; by tank day measment sub light P Invert; proc means noprint; by tank day measment sub light P Invert; var F Fm Yield ETR PAR; output out=one mean=F Fm Yield ETR PAR; proc print; data two; set one;options ls=200;proc sort; by day measment sub light P Invert;proc means noprint; by day measment sub light P Invert; var F Fm Yield ETR PAR; output out=allfact mean=F Fm Yield ETR PAR stderr=eF eFm eYield eETR ePAR; proc print;

data seven; set one; options ls=120; if day='initial' then delete; if measment='actinic' then delete; if measment='ambient1' then delete; if measment='lightcur' then delete; if sub='sediment' then delete;

run;

Delete some obs, note ‘ ‘

data one; infile 'C:\Documents and Settings\cmayer3\My Documents\research\Oneida\Benthos till 2001.csv' dlm=',' DSD; length date $ 50 site $ 50 other $ 50; input date $ year month $ site $ chir volchir pupae olig iso amph leech snail dsnail clam dclam lzm dzm cerat trich odonate megal coleop hemip odipt ostra bryoz nem plan mite ephem nematom stonefly other $; proc sort; by year month; proc print;

data two; set one; options nocenter ps=30 ls=250; insect=odonate+megal+coleop+hemip+stonefly+cerat+trich+ephem; drop odonate megal coleop hemip odipt ostra bryoz dclam dsnail stonefly dzm lzm other olig nematom nem mite ; if year<1975 then delete; proc print;

data three; set two; dchir=chir/0.024025; dpupae=pupae/0.024025; diso=iso/0.024025; damph=amph/0.024025; dleech=leech/0.024025; dsnail=snail/0.024025; dclam=clam/0.024025; dinsect=insect/0.024025; proc print;

run;

Create new variable by + others can – x………

Get rid of columns (variables) (not obs as w/ delete

Create new variables

data nine; set deptstat; if depth='deep' then dpchir=chirm; if depth='deep' then dpiso=isom; if depth='deep' then dpamph=amphm; if depth='deep' then dpleech=leechm; if depth='deep' then dpsnail=snailm; if depth='deep' then dpclam=clamm; if depth='deep' then dpinsec=insecm;

if depth='shallow' then schir=chirm; if depth='shallow' then siso=isom; if depth='shallow' then samph=amphm; if depth='shallow' then sleech=leechm; if depth='shallow' then ssnail=snailm; if depth='shallow' then sclam=clamm; if depth='shallow' then sinsec=insecm; proc print;

IF Then statements

=, GE, LE, others

Very useful

Can do in Excel tooCreating new var based on category, useful, many options for big data sets.

data eleven; set ratios;

if year=1977 then schir=1718.90;

if year=1977 then siso=58.7746;

if year=1977 then samph=129.053;

if year=1977 then sleech=12.3406;

if year=1977 then ssnail=148.714;

if year=1977 then sclam=121.314;

if year=1977 then sinsec=13.0336;

proc print; data new;

No ‘’ for numerical values

Defining a variable as a constant

data new; infile 'C:\Documents and Settings\cmayer3\My Documents\research\Oneida\book chapter\annual means.csv' dlm=',' DSD;

input year msecchi mavtemp mbotdo mchla msrp mtp;

data new2; merge eleven new; by year; proc print;

data twelve; set new2; ratchir=schir/(dpchir+0.17); ratiso=siso/(dpiso+0.17); ratamph=samph/(dpamph+0.17); ratleech=sleech/(dpleech+0.17); ratsnail=ssnail/(dpsnail+0.17); ratclam=sclam/(dpclam+0.17); ratinsec=sinsec/(dpinsec+0.17); if year<1992 then mussel=0; if year ge 1992 then mussel=1; proc print;

data two; infile 'C:\Documents and Settings\cmayer3\My Documents\research\sea grant prop 2003\05 data\PP & fluor.csv' dlm=',' DSD; input day $ tank $ sub $ measment $ light $ zm $ P $ Invert$ NPP RSP GPP; proc sort; by tank day sub light zm P Invert; proc print;

data three; merge two one; by tank day sub light zm P Invert measment; proc print;

data four; set three; if measment ne 'ambient' then delete; if day='initial' then delete; if day='middle' then delete; if sub='zm' then delete; proc print;

data five; set four; proc sort; by day sub light zm P Invert; proc plot; by day sub light zm P Invert; plot ETR*NPP='*'; plot ETR*GPP='@' / overlay;

Plot procedure

Now run sample program & look at log and output

Export output to Excel

Exprot printout to Word to make look pretty