statistical annex of european economy€¦ · autumn 2019 . x x. x x: european commission ....

Economic and Financial Affairs

Statistical Annex of European Economy

AUTUMN 2019

X X

X X

European Commission Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs

Statistical Annex of European Economy

AUTUMN 2019

For inquiries concerning the data, please contact: A. Avdoulos tel. +32 (0)2 29 933 63 email: [email protected] N. Doyle tel. +32 (0)2 29 934 60 email: [email protected]

Cut-off date: 24 October 2019

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NOTES ON THE STATISTICAL ANNEX 7

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 8

POPULATION AND LABOUR MARKET1. Total population (National accounts) 102. Employment, persons; all domestic industries (National accounts) 123. Unemployment rate; total 14

OUTPUT4. Gross domestic product at current market prices 165. Gross domestic product at current market prices 186. Gross domestic product at current market prices 207. Gross domestic product at current market prices 228. Gross domestic product at current market prices per head of population 249. Gross domestic product at current market prices per head of population 2610. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels 2811. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels per person employed 3012. Industrial production; construction excluded 32

NATIONAL FINAL USES13. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices 3414. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices per head of population 3615. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices per head of population 3816. Private final consumption expenditure at 2015 reference levels 4017. Final consumption expenditure of general government at current prices 4218. Final consumption expenditure of general government at 2015 reference levels 4419. Gross fixed capital formation at current prices; total economy 4620. Gross fixed capital formation at 2015 reference levels; total economy 4821. Changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables at current prices; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 5022. Domestic demand including stocks at current prices …………………………………………………………………………………… 5223. Domestic demand including stocks at 2015 reference levels …………………………………………………………………………………… 54

PRICES24. Price deflator gross domestic product at market prices …………………………………………………………………………………… 5625. Price deflator private final consumption expenditure …………………………………………………………………………………… 5826. Price deflator exports of goods and services …………………………………………………………………………………… 6027. Price deflator imports of goods and services …………………………………………………………………………………… 6228. Terms of trade goods and services (National accounts) …………………………………………………………………………………… 64

WAGE COSTS29. Nominal compensation per employee; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 6630. Real compensation per employee, deflator GDP; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 6831. Real compensation per employee, deflator private consumption; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 7032. Adjusted wage share; total economy; as percentage of GDP at current factor cost …………………………………………………………………………………… 7233. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 7434. Real unit labour costs; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 7635. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 78

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FOREIGN TRADE AND CURRENT BALANCE36. Exports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts) 8037. Exports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels 8238. Intra EU exports of goods 8439. Extra EU exports of goods 8640. Imports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts) 8841. Imports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels 9042. Intra EU imports of goods 9243. Extra EU imports of goods 9444. Balance on current transactions with the rest of the world (National accounts) 96

SAVING45. Gross national saving 9846. Gross saving; private sector 10047. Gross saving; general government 102

MONEY INTEREST RATES AND EXCHANGE RATES48. Nominal short-term interest rates 10449. Nominal long-term interest rates 10650. ECU-EUR exchange rates 10851. Conversion rates between the euro and the former national currencies of the Euro-Zone 11152. Nominal effective exchange rates 112

GENERAL GOVERNMENT (% OF GDP AT MARKET PRICES)53. Taxes linked to imports and production (indirect taxes); general government 11454. Current taxes on income and wealth (direct taxes); general government 11655. Net social contributions; general government 11856. Actual social contributions; general government 12057. Other current revenue including sales; general government 12258. Total current revenue; general government 12459. Final consumption expenditure of general government 12660. Collective consumption expenditure 12861. Social transfers in kind 13062. Compensation of employees; general government 13263. Intermediate consumption; general government 13464. Social benefits other than social transfers in kind; general government 13665. Social transfers in kind supplied to households via market producers; general government 13866. Interest; general government 14067. Subsidies; general government 14268. Other current expenditure; general government 14469. Total current expenditure; general government 14670. Gross saving; general government 14871. Capital transfers received; general government 15072. Total revenue; general government 15273. Gross fixed capital formation; general government 15474. Other capital expenditure, including capital transfers; general government 15675. Total expenditure; general government 15876. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-); general government 16077. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) excluding interest; general government 16278. General government consolidated gross debt 164………………………………………………………………………………………

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MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS79. Belgium 16680. Germany 16781. Estonia 16882. Ireland 16983. Greece 17084. Spain 17185. France 17286. Italy 17387. Cyprus 17488. Latvia 17589. Lithuania 17690. Luxembourg 17791. Malta 17892. Netherlands 17993. Austria 18094. Portugal 18195. Slovenia 18296. Slovakia 18397. Finland 18498. EA-19 18599. EA-12 186100. Bulgaria 187101. Czechia 188102. Denmark 189103. Croatia 190104. Hungary 191105. Poland 192106. Romania 193107. Sweden 194108. EU-27 195109. United Kingdom 196110. EU-28 197111. EU-15 198116. Albania 199114. Montenegro 200112. North Macedonia 201115. Serbia 202113. Turkey 203118. Japan 204117. United States 205

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SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL AANNNNEEXX

LLoonngg--tteerrmm mmaaccrrooeeccoonnoommiicc sseerriieess

NNootteess oonn tthhee ssttaattiissttiiccaall aannnneexx GGeenneerraall rreemmaarrkkss TThhiiss eeddiittiioonn ooff EEuurrooppeeaann EEccoonnoommyy ggiivveess iinn iittss ssttaattiissttiiccaall aannnneexx uuppddaatteedd ttiimmee sseerriieess ooff aannnnuuaall ddaattaa.. UUnnlleessss ootthheerrwwiissee ssttaatteedd,, ddaattaa ffoorr MMeemmbbeerr SSttaatteess aarree bbaasseedd oonn tthhee EESSAA 22001100 ssyysstteemm.. FFoorr tthhee mmaajjoorriittyy ooff MMeemmbbeerr SSttaatteess,, ddaattaa ssttaarrtt iinn 11999955,, tthhee eexxcceeppttiioonnss bbeeiinngg FFrraannccee,, wwhheerree ddaattaa ssttaarrtt iinn 11996600,, DDeennmmaarrkk iinn 11996666,, FFiinnllaanndd iinn 11997755,, GGeerrmmaannyy iinn 11999911,, SSwweeddeenn iinn 11999933,, UUKK iinn 11999977 aanndd LLuuxxeemmbboouurrgg iinn 22000000.. EESSAA 11999955 aanndd EESSAA 11997799 ddaattaa aarree uusseedd ffoorr tthhee eeaarrlliieerr yyeeaarrss.. DDaattaa ffoorr TTuurrkkeeyy,, MMoonntteenneeggrroo,, NNoorrtthh MMaacceeddoonniiaa,, SSeerrbbiiaa aanndd AAllbbaanniiaa aarree iinncclluuddeedd iinn tthhiiss ppuubblliiccaattiioonn.. FFoorr tthhee UUSSAA aanndd JJaappaann tthhee ddeeffiinniittiioonnss aarree aass iinn tthhee SSNNAA 22000088.. DDaattaa ssoouurrcceess aarree EEuurroossttaatt,, nnaattiioonnaall ppuubblliiccaattiioonnss,, tthhee OOEECCDD aanndd tthhee EEuurrooppeeaann CCeennttrraall BBaannkk.. FFiigguurreess ffoorr 22001199 ttoo 22002211 aarree ffoorreeccaassttss mmaaddee bbyy CCoommmmiissssiioonn ssttaaffff uussiinngg tthhee ddeeffiinniittiioonnss aanndd llaatteesstt ffiigguurreess aavvaaiillaabbllee ffrroomm nnaattiioonnaall ssoouurrcceess.. TThheessee sseerriieess aarree nnoott ffuullllyy ccoommppaarraabbllee wwiitthh tthhee ccoorrrreessppoonnddiinngg ffiigguurreess ffoorr eeaarrlliieerr yyeeaarrss;; hhoowweevveerr,, tthhee ddiissccoonnttiinnuuiittiieess ooff tthhee lleevveellss ooff tthheessee sseerriieess hhaavvee bbeeeenn eelliimmiinnaatteedd.. TThhee ffoorreeccaassttss aarree bbaasseedd oonn ddaattaa aavvaaiillaabbllee uupp ttoo 2244 OOccttoobbeerr 22001199..

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Symbols and abbreviations

- nil : not available HU Hungary% percent or percentage MT MaltaMio million NL NetherlandsMrd 1000 million AT AustriaEUR euro PL PolandECU European currency unit PT PortugalPPS purchasing power standard RO RomaniaGDP gross domestic product, at market prices SI SloveniaESA European system of accounts SK SlovakiaSNA System of national accounts FI FinlandULC Unit labour costs SE Sweden

UK United KingdomD-W Germany prior to unification in 1990 EU-28 European Union AL AlbaniaEU-27 European Union excluding UK ME MontenegroEA-19 euro area MK North MacedoniaEU-15 former EU-15 RS SerbiaEA-12 former euro area TR Turkey

BE Belgium JP JapanBG Bulgaria US United StatesCZ CzechiaDK DenmarkDE GermanyEE EstoniaIE IrelandEL GreeceES SpainFR FranceHR Croatia IT ItalyCY CyprusLV LatviaLT LithuaniaLU Luxembourg

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Population and labour market

1. Total population (National accounts)

(1000)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3)

1960 9153 55433 1221 2835 8332 30263 46640 50200 573 2121 2779 332 333 11487 7047 8858 1585 4068 4430 247689 235010

1965 9464 58619 1305 2877 8550 31962 49830 52112 591 2266 2971 350 323 12295 7271 8999 1649 4371 4564 260368 246892

1970 9656 60651 1371 2951 8793 33761 51944 53822 614 2359 3140 358 327 13032 7467 8680 1725 4538 4606 269795 255720

1975 9801 61829 1441 3178 9047 35758 53932 55441 502 2456 3302 365 309 13660 7579 9093 1794 4739 4711 278936 264394

1980 9859 61566 1489 3402 9643 37491 55157 56434 509 2512 3413 364 321 14148 7549 9766 1901 4980 4780 285284 270159

1985 9857 61024 1541 3541 9934 38470 56663 56593 542 2579 3545 367 341 14488 7565 10024 1942 5162 4902 289078 273427

1990 9968 63253 1582 3506 10197 38867 58256 56719 580 2663 3698 382 360 14947 7678 9983 1998 5299 4986 294923 278743

1991 64074 296573 280382

1991 10006 79973 1574 3526 10320 38966 58548 56759 595 2651 3704 387 364 15068 7755 9960 1999 5303 5014 312472 2962811992 10047 80500 1545 3549 10399 39158 58839 56797 611 2614 3700 392 367 15182 7841 9952 1996 5305 5042 313839 2976991993 10086 80946 1506 3563 10460 39361 59095 56832 626 2563 3683 398 371 15290 7906 9965 1992 5325 5066 315035 2989691994 10116 81147 1474 3571 10513 39549 59315 56843 639 2521 3657 404 375 15381 7936 9992 1989 5347 5088 315857 2998551995 10137 81308 1448 3601 10562 39719 59530 56844 651 2485 3629 410 378 15459 7948 10026 1989 5363 5108 316595 3006521996 10157 81466 1425 3626 10609 39884 59742 56860 661 2457 3602 414 380 15530 7959 10064 1990 5374 5125 317325 3014361997 10181 81510 1406 3664 10661 40050 59955 56890 671 2433 3575 420 383 15611 7968 10109 1986 5383 5140 317997 3021591998 10202 81446 1393 3714 10721 40214 60176 56907 679 2410 3549 425 385 15707 7977 10160 1982 5391 5154 318593 3028031999 10226 81422 1379 3755 10762 40370 60487 56916 687 2391 3524 431 387 15812 7992 10218 1984 5396 5166 319304 3035572000 10251 81457 1401 3804 10806 40554 60903 56942 694 2368 3500 437 390 15926 8012 10290 1989 5401 5176 320301 304558

2001 10287 81517 1393 3864 10862 40766 61348 56980 702 2338 3471 442 393 16046 8042 10363 1992 5380 5188 321372 3057042002 10333 81578 1384 3932 10902 41424 61796 57100 710 2310 3443 447 396 16149 8082 10420 1995 5379 5201 322978 3073622003 10376 81549 1375 3997 10928 42196 62235 57413 718 2288 3415 452 399 16225 8118 10459 1996 5379 5213 324732 3091612004 10421 81456 1366 4067 10955 42859 62695 57845 728 2263 3377 459 401 16282 8169 10484 1997 5382 5228 326436 3109212005 10479 81337 1359 4160 10987 43663 63168 58191 739 2239 3323 466 404 16320 8225 10503 2001 5387 5246 328195 3127452006 10548 81173 1351 4270 11020 44361 63609 58428 751 2219 3270 473 405 16346 8268 10522 2008 5391 5266 329679 3142852007 10626 80992 1343 4400 11049 45236 64003 58787 767 2201 3231 481 407 16382 8295 10543 2019 5397 5289 331447 3160822008 10710 80764 1338 4496 11078 45983 64361 59242 787 2178 3198 489 409 16446 8322 10558 2022 5406 5313 333101 3177622009 10797 80483 1336 4539 11107 46368 64692 59578 808 2142 3163 498 412 16530 8341 10568 2042 5418 5339 334161 3188402010 10896 80284 1333 4560 11121 46562 65011 59830 829 2097 3097 508 414 16615 8361 10573 2049 5430 5363 334935 319684

2011 10994 80275 1330 4579 11105 46736 65330 60060 851 2059 3028 519 416 16693 8389 10558 2053 5398 5388 335760 3206252012 11068 80426 1325 4597 11045 46766 65651 60339 864 2034 2988 532 420 16755 8426 10515 2057 5406 5414 336628 3215342013 11125 80646 1320 4620 10965 46593 65991 60646 862 2013 2958 545 426 16804 8477 10457 2060 5413 5439 337361 3223102014 11180 80983 1316 4652 10892 46455 66312 60789 853 1994 2932 558 435 16865 8544 10401 2062 5419 5463 338105 3230952015 11239 81687 1313 4696 10821 46410 66581 60731 848 1977 2905 569 445 16940 8630 10358 2063 5422 5481 339116 3241422016 11295 82349 1316 4749 10776 46450 66828 60628 852 1959 2868 584 456 17030 8740 10326 2065 5431 5495 340195 3252492017 11349 82657 1316 4802 10755 46533 67063 60537 860 1941 2828 597 469 17131 8795 10300 2066 5438 5508 340945 3260272018 11404 82906 1319 4861 10728 46729 67274 60422 870 1926 2802 609 482 17232 8838 10284 2072 5446 5516 341718 3268012019 11459 83111 1323 4917 10670 47009 67376 60403 876 1911 2783 622 494 17334 8881 10280 2084 5454 5525 342513 3275872020 11517 83284 1327 4956 10610 47338 67554 60379 884 1897 2765 634 504 17421 8924 10278 2091 5460 5532 343354 328426

2021 11575 83430 1329 4994 10551 47717 67739 60350 892 1884 2747 646 512 17497 8966 10278 2095 5467 5538 344205 329280

1) 1960-91 D_W 2) ; 1960-91 including D_W 3) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

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1. Total population (National accounts)

(1000)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3)

1960 7867 9605 4562 4175 9984 29575 18474 7485 339416 52368 391784 299425 1609 : 1392 : 27506 93674 180760

1965 8204 9783 4741 4317 10148 31379 19101 7734 355774 54345 410119 313711 1865 : 1500 : 31149 98447 194347

1970 8490 9861 4938 4449 10338 32596 20247 8043 368757 55627 424384 324328 2135 : 1629 : 35321 104926 205089

1975 8721 10062 5060 4550 10541 33944 21290 8192 381296 56232 437528 333878 2405 : 1756 : 40026 112423 215981

1980 8862 10308 5124 4638 10711 35500 22204 8310 390941 56320 447261 339913 2672 : 1891 : 44439 117827 227726

1985 8961 10341 5113 4741 10649 37124 22730 8350 397085 56556 453641 343446 2965 : 2017 : 50307 121894 238506

1990 8718 10337 5140 4818 10374 38031 23198 8559 404098 57253 461351 349695 3273 : 1882 : 55120 124516 250181

1991 405497 462928 351584

1991 8632 10312 5154 4728 10373 38109 22998 8617 421396 57431 478827 367483 3225 : 1900 : 56055 124940 2535301992 8540 10323 5171 4614 10369 38173 22791 8668 422488 57586 480074 369124 3179 : 1985 : 56986 125341 2569221993 8472 10333 5189 4639 10358 38221 22760 8719 423726 57725 481450 370601 3194 : 1999 : 57913 125718 2602821994 8444 10337 5206 4691 10343 38252 22727 8781 424638 57872 482510 371713 3235 : 1947 : 58837 126063 2634551995 8406 10331 5230 4659 10329 38275 22681 8827 425333 58025 483358 372734 3266 : 1964 : 59756 126375 2665881996 8363 10315 5262 4581 10311 38289 22608 8841 425895 58164 484059 373703 3304 : 1982 : 60671 126654 2697141997 8312 10304 5285 4533 10290 38292 22546 8846 426405 58314 484719 374604 3339 : 1997 : 61582 126903 2729581998 8257 10295 5303 4537 10267 38284 22503 8851 426888 58475 485363 375432 3364 : 2008 : 62464 127127 2761541999 8211 10283 5321 4527 10238 38270 22458 8858 427470 58684 486154 376420 3216 : 2017 7540 63364 127336 2793282000 8170 10273 5338 4498 10211 38256 22435 8872 428354 58886 487240 377654 3061 605 2026 7516 64252 127534 282398

2001 7913 10224 5357 4295 10188 38251 22408 8896 428904 59113 488017 379070 3060 607 2035 7503 65133 127724 2852252002 7869 10201 5376 4305 10159 38232 21676 8925 429720 59366 489086 381029 3051 609 2031 7500 66008 127903 2879552003 7824 10202 5390 4305 10130 38195 21574 8958 431310 59637 490947 383147 3040 611 2027 7481 66873 128068 2906262004 7781 10207 5403 4306 10107 38180 21452 8994 432865 59950 492815 385267 3027 613 2033 7463 67723 128214 2932622005 7740 10234 5419 4311 10087 38161 21320 9030 434496 60413 494909 387606 3011 613 2037 7441 68566 128336 2959932006 7699 10267 5437 4312 10071 38132 21194 9081 435872 60827 496699 389629 2993 614 2040 7412 69395 128433 2988182007 7660 10323 5460 4314 10056 38116 20883 9148 437406 61319 498725 392009 2970 615 2044 7382 70215 128505 3016962008 7623 10430 5493 4312 10038 38116 20538 9220 438870 61824 500694 394299 2947 616 2047 7350 71052 128551 3045432009 7585 10491 5523 4310 10023 38483 20367 9299 440242 62261 502503 395923 2928 618 2051 7321 72039 128567 3072402010 7534 10517 5547 4303 10000 38517 20247 9378 440978 62760 503738 397369 2913 619 2055 7291 73142 128552 309780

2011 7348 10497 5570 4290 9972 38526 20148 9449 441559 63285 504844 398929 2905 620 2059 7237 74224 128505 3120332012 7306 10509 5591 4276 9920 38534 20060 9519 442344 63705 506049 400350 2900 621 2061 7202 75176 128426 3142552013 7265 10511 5613 4262 9893 38502 19989 9600 442996 64106 507102 401629 2895 621 2064 7167 76148 128313 3164212014 7224 10525 5643 4247 9866 38484 19916 9696 443706 64597 508303 403031 2889 622 2067 7132 77182 128163 3187172015 7178 10543 5682 4225 9843 38455 19820 9799 444661 65110 509771 404733 2881 622 2070 7095 78218 127975 3210262016 7128 10565 5729 4191 9814 38427 19707 9923 445679 65648 511327 406549 2876 622 2072 7058 79278 127749 3233172017 7076 10590 5767 4154 9788 38422 19592 10058 446391 66040 512431 407892 2873 622 2075 7021 80313 127484 3254102018 7025 10626 5794 4105 9776 38413 19472 10175 447105 66436 513541 409206 2866 622 2076 6983 81407 127223 3274362019 6974 10669 5819 4085 9756 38402 19349 10272 447839 66838 514676 410516 2860 622 2079 6946 82502 126968 3298142020 6922 10706 5843 4069 9736 38372 19226 10370 448599 67225 515823 411864 2855 624 2081 6910 83609 126587 332206

2021 6871 10733 5866 4060 9717 38342 19104 10470 449369 67614 516983 413230 2849 632 2083 6873 84731 126208 334615

1) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-91 including D_W 3) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

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2. Employment, persons; all domestic industries (National accounts)

(Annual percentage change)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2)

1961-1970 0.5 0.2 : 0.0 -0.8 0.6 0.6 -0.5 : : : 0.6 : 1.9 -0.4 0.2 : : 0.4 : 0.2

1971-1980 0.2 0.3 : 0.9 0.7 -0.6 0.6 0.7 : : : 1.2 : 0.9 0.7 0.1 : : 0.3 : 0.4

1981-1990 0.2 1.0 : -0.2 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.6 : : : 1.7 : 1.2 0.2 0.2 : : 0.4 : 0.7

1991 0.3 2.8 -2.8 -0.3 -1.8 1.2 0.2 1.9 : -0.8 2.4 4.0 1.9 1.9 1.2 2.8 : : -5.5 : 1.41992 -0.1 -1.3 -6.0 0.3 1.4 -1.4 -0.6 -0.7 : -7.3 -2.2 2.8 1.3 1.4 0.4 -1.6 : : -6.7 : -0.91993 -0.6 -1.3 -7.9 1.5 0.8 -2.8 -1.0 -2.7 : -6.9 -4.2 1.8 0.9 0.4 -0.5 -2.0 : : -5.7 : -1.51994 -0.4 0.0 -3.3 3.1 1.9 -0.5 0.5 -1.6 : -10.1 -5.8 2.7 0.5 0.7 0.0 -1.0 : : -1.6 : -0.21995 1.6 0.4 -6.2 4.1 0.9 1.9 1.0 -0.2 : -10.4 -1.9 2.6 3.2 2.3 -0.4 -0.7 : : 2.0 : 0.71996 0.3 0.0 -2.4 3.7 -0.6 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 2.6 1.6 2.1 0.4 1.7 -2.0 2.1 1.7 0.6 0.61997 0.7 0.0 0.0 3.9 -0.4 3.7 0.8 0.3 0.6 4.5 0.6 3.4 0.3 3.1 0.7 2.6 -1.8 -1.0 3.4 1.0 1.01998 1.8 1.2 -1.9 6.6 4.4 4.4 1.7 1.0 1.6 -0.4 -0.8 4.4 -0.2 2.4 1.0 2.8 -0.1 -0.5 2.0 1.8 2.01999 1.4 1.6 -4.5 6.5 0.0 4.6 2.4 1.1 1.8 -1.8 -2.2 4.8 0.7 2.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 -2.5 2.1 1.9 2.12000 2.0 2.2 0.9 4.5 0.3 5.0 2.5 2.0 1.7 -3.4 -4.3 5.3 -1.2 1.8 0.9 2.2 1.6 -2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5

1991-2000 0.7 0.6 -3.4 3.4 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.2 : -3.7 -1.8 3.4 0.9 1.9 0.5 0.8 : : -0.7 : 0.8

2001 1.4 -0.3 0.6 3.1 0.4 3.2 1.4 2.0 2.2 1.6 -3.8 5.7 1.8 2.0 0.7 1.7 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.32002 0.2 -0.5 0.0 1.6 2.4 2.5 0.5 1.7 2.1 1.5 3.6 2.9 0.3 0.7 -0.1 0.4 1.6 0.1 1.2 0.8 0.72003 -0.1 -1.1 2.1 1.9 1.4 3.2 0.0 1.5 3.6 0.6 2.2 1.8 -0.4 -0.6 0.7 -1.0 -0.3 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.42004 1.0 0.3 -0.4 3.4 2.4 3.7 0.1 0.6 4.0 0.2 -1.1 2.4 0.4 -1.1 0.6 -0.7 0.3 -0.2 0.5 0.8 0.82005 1.4 -0.1 2.3 4.9 0.9 4.2 0.7 0.6 3.6 0.9 0.8 2.8 1.3 0.7 1.2 -0.5 -0.5 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.02006 1.1 0.7 4.9 4.6 1.8 4.1 1.1 2.0 1.9 5.8 -0.3 3.8 1.5 2.2 1.8 0.4 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.72007 1.7 1.7 0.2 4.4 1.3 3.2 1.4 1.2 4.4 3.8 2.0 4.4 2.2 2.9 1.8 0.0 3.4 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.92008 1.8 1.4 -0.2 -0.6 1.3 0.1 0.5 0.2 3.5 -0.8 -1.3 4.8 2.5 1.6 1.9 0.4 2.5 3.2 2.2 0.9 0.82009 -0.2 0.2 -10.2 -7.8 -0.6 -6.3 -1.1 -1.6 0.0 -14.3 -7.7 1.0 0.0 -0.9 -0.5 -2.7 -1.6 -2.0 -2.5 -1.9 -1.72010 0.6 0.4 -4.9 -4.1 -2.6 -1.7 0.1 -0.6 0.6 -6.7 -5.2 1.8 1.7 -0.7 0.8 -1.4 -2.1 -1.5 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4

2001-2010 0.9 0.3 -0.7 1.0 0.9 1.6 0.5 0.7 2.6 -0.9 -1.1 3.1 1.1 0.7 0.9 -0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6

2011 1.3 1.2 6.5 -2.2 -6.9 -2.5 0.8 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.6 2.9 2.9 0.9 1.6 -1.9 -1.7 1.8 1.6 0.1 0.02012 0.4 1.1 1.6 -0.5 -6.3 -4.0 0.3 -0.3 -3.5 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.8 -0.2 1.0 -4.1 -0.9 0.1 0.9 -0.4 -0.52013 -0.3 0.8 1.2 2.9 -2.6 -2.4 0.2 -1.8 -5.6 2.3 1.4 1.8 3.8 -1.2 0.3 -2.9 -1.1 -0.8 -0.8 -0.5 -0.62014 0.4 0.9 0.8 2.7 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.1 -2.0 -1.4 2.0 2.6 5.4 -0.1 1.0 1.4 0.4 1.4 -0.4 0.7 0.62015 0.9 0.9 2.9 3.6 0.7 2.8 0.2 0.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 2.6 4.1 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.3 2.0 -0.1 1.0 1.02016 1.3 1.2 0.3 3.7 0.5 2.1 0.6 1.4 4.7 -0.3 2.3 3.0 4.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.4 0.5 1.3 1.32017 1.6 1.4 2.7 3.0 1.5 2.7 1.0 1.2 5.3 0.0 -0.7 3.4 8.1 2.2 1.7 3.3 3.0 2.2 1.0 1.6 1.62018 1.4 1.4 1.2 3.2 1.7 2.2 1.0 0.9 4.1 1.6 1.4 3.7 5.4 2.5 1.7 2.3 3.2 2.0 2.6 1.5 1.52019 1.3 0.8 0.7 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.0 0.5 2.5 -0.4 0.2 3.7 4.0 1.8 1.1 1.0 2.3 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.12020 0.9 0.1 0.0 1.7 2.2 1.0 0.7 0.1 2.2 0.0 0.1 3.4 3.0 0.6 0.7 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5

2011-2020 0.9 1.0 1.8 2.0 -0.7 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.6 1.0 3.0 4.4 0.9 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.7

2021 0.8 0.2 -0.1 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.5 0.3 1.8 0.2 0.0 3.1 2.5 0.3 0.6 0.5 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

1) 1961-91 D_W 2) Former Euro area 12; 1961-91 including D_W

13


2. Employment, persons; all domestic industries (National accounts)


BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2)

1961-1970 : : 1.2 : : : : 0.7 : 0.3 : 0.3 : : : : 1.0 1.4 1.8

1971-1980 : : 0.4 : : : : 0.8 : 0.2 : 0.4 : : : : 1.9 0.8 2.1

1981-1990 : : 0.5 : : : : 0.7 : 0.7 : 0.7 : : : : 1.6 0.9 1.8

1991 : : -1.0 : : : -0.5 -1.5 : -3.0 : 0.5 : : : : 4.0 2.0 -0.91992 : : -0.8 : : : -3.0 -4.5 : -1.9 : -1.1 : : : : 0.9 1.1 0.51993 : : -1.6 : : -1.9 -3.8 -4.7 : -0.8 : -1.5 : : : : -4.9 0.4 1.31994 : 1.1 2.0 : : -1.6 -0.5 -1.0 : 0.8 : 0.0 : : : : 8.1 0.1 2.21995 : 0.7 0.6 : : 0.9 -5.2 1.6 : 1.2 : 0.8 : : : : 2.9 0.3 1.41996 2.7 0.5 1.0 0.0 -0.2 1.2 -3.3 -0.8 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.7 -1.9 : : : 3.0 0.1 1.31997 -3.1 -0.7 1.4 0.1 1.0 1.4 0.8 -1.3 0.8 1.8 1.0 1.1 -0.8 : : : 0.1 0.7 2.21998 -1.0 -1.7 1.4 -0.2 0.9 1.2 -3.0 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.8 -2.0 : 3.4 : 2.7 -1.1 1.41999 -4.3 -2.2 0.8 0.0 2.0 -3.9 -1.2 2.1 1.0 1.4 1.0 2.0 -1.8 : -0.6 : 1.2 -1.3 1.52000 -2.4 -0.8 0.7 -0.1 0.6 -1.6 -0.8 2.5 1.5 1.2 1.5 2.2 0.3 : 0.3 : -2.1 -0.7 2.5

1991-2000 : : 0.5 : : : -2.1 -0.6 : 0.2 : 0.6 : : : : 1.5 0.2 1.3

2001 -0.8 -0.3 1.0 -0.6 0.2 -2.2 -1.1 2.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.2 -13.9 : -2.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.4 0.02002 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.9 -0.2 -3.0 -10.2 0.0 -0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.7 0.0 : 3.2 -3.4 -0.8 -1.2 -0.32003 3.0 -0.8 -0.9 2.5 1.9 -1.2 0.0 -0.6 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.7 : 0.1 -2.7 -1.0 0.1 0.92004 2.6 -0.2 -0.5 0.8 -1.1 1.1 -1.7 -0.7 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.5 : -6.6 0.4 -7.2 0.6 1.12005 2.7 1.9 1.4 1.0 -0.7 2.2 -1.5 0.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.1 : 4.9 -6.7 2.2 0.8 1.72006 3.3 1.3 2.3 3.2 0.8 3.2 0.7 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.6 0.3 -0.5 4.6 -3.8 1.8 0.7 1.92007 3.2 2.1 2.3 3.2 -0.7 4.5 0.4 2.3 2.0 0.8 1.8 1.7 28.1 19.3 3.0 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.12008 2.4 2.2 1.2 2.1 -1.7 3.8 -0.1 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.8 -6.3 3.1 7.9 6.3 2.1 -0.2 -0.42009 -1.7 -1.8 -3.1 -0.7 -1.9 0.4 -3.7 -2.1 -1.8 -1.6 -1.8 -1.7 3.3 -2.7 4.4 -7.3 0.4 -1.2 -3.72010 -3.9 -1.0 -2.3 -3.8 -0.7 -2.7 -3.2 0.6 -0.9 0.2 -0.8 -0.3 0.6 -1.6 -3.6 -8.4 6.2 -0.2 -0.6

2001-2010 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.8 -0.4 0.6 -2.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 : 1.5 -2.5 0.5 0.0 0.2

2011 -2.2 -0.3 0.0 -3.9 0.0 0.6 -2.3 2.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 -0.7 -6.4 1.4 -6.0 6.7 -0.1 0.62012 -2.5 0.4 -0.7 -3.6 0.9 0.1 1.4 0.7 -0.3 1.1 -0.1 -0.2 -10.6 2.6 1.2 -1.1 3.0 -0.4 1.82013 -0.4 0.3 0.0 -2.6 1.3 -0.1 -0.9 1.0 -0.4 1.2 -0.2 -0.2 -4.3 0.4 5.6 3.7 2.8 0.6 1.02014 0.4 0.6 0.9 2.7 4.6 1.7 0.8 1.4 0.9 2.4 1.1 1.0 : 7.1 2.4 10.8 1.6 0.6 1.62015 0.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 2.2 1.5 -1.3 1.5 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.1 : 2.5 1.9 0.6 2.7 0.4 1.72016 0.5 1.6 1.5 0.3 3.7 0.8 -1.1 1.9 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 : 1.1 1.6 5.6 2.2 1.0 1.72017 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.2 1.9 1.3 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.5 : 2.3 2.4 2.8 3.6 1.0 1.22018 -0.1 1.3 1.8 1.8 2.4 0.3 0.2 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.5 : 2.3 0.4 1.4 1.9 1.0 1.62019 0.6 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 : 3.0 4.4 1.8 -1.8 0.5 1.12020 0.0 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 : 1.1 2.2 1.2 2.6 0.2 1.0

2011-2020 -0.2 0.9 0.9 0.0 1.9 0.6 -0.1 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.8 : 1.5 2.3 2.0 2.5 0.5 1.3

2021 -0.2 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 : 2.1 2.5 1.2 2.8 0.3 0.5

1) EU excluding UK 2) Former EU-15; 1961-91 including D_W

14


3. Unemployment rate; totalMember States: definition EUROSTAT

(Percentage of active population)


1960-1970 1.9 0.6 : 5.4 5.0 2.4 1.7 4.8 : : : 0.0 : 0.9 1.5 2.5 : : 1.8 : 2.3

1971-1980 4.6 2.2 : 7.7 2.2 5.4 3.4 6.1 : : : 0.7 : 4.4 1.3 5.2 : : 3.8 : 4.0

1981-1990 9.5 6.0 : 14.7 6.4 16.7 7.9 8.6 : : : 2.5 : 8.3 3.3 8.0 : : 4.6 : 8.5

1991 4.2 7.7

1991 6.4 5.6 : 14.7 7.1 15.5 8.1 8.5 : 0.5 0.3 1.6 4.6 5.7 3.6 5.0 : : 6.6 : 7.91992 7.1 6.6 : 15.4 7.9 17.0 9.0 8.8 : 2.9 1.4 2.1 5.0 5.7 3.6 5.0 : : 11.7 : 8.51993 8.6 7.8 : 15.6 8.6 20.8 10.1 9.7 : 6.6 4.8 2.6 5.5 6.5 4.0 6.3 : : 16.3 : 10.21994 9.8 8.4 : 14.3 8.9 22.0 10.4 10.6 : 12.9 4.2 3.2 5.4 7.2 4.3 7.6 : : 16.6 : 10.91995 9.7 8.2 9.7 12.3 9.2 20.7 10.2 11.2 : 14.7 6.8 2.9 4.6 8.3 4.2 7.9 : 12.0 15.4 : 10.71996 9.5 8.9 10.1 11.7 9.6 19.9 10.5 11.2 : 15.7 7.7 2.9 5.2 7.7 4.7 8.0 6.9 10.8 14.6 : 10.91997 9.2 9.6 9.6 9.9 9.8 18.4 10.7 11.2 5.2 15.3 6.5 2.7 6.3 6.5 4.7 7.5 6.9 11.3 12.7 : 10.81998 9.3 9.4 9.2 7.5 11.1 16.4 10.3 11.3 5.1 14.0 13.2 2.7 6.5 5.1 4.7 6.1 7.4 12.7 11.4 10.4 10.31999 8.4 8.6 11.3 5.9 12.0 13.6 10.0 10.9 5.4 14.1 14.6 2.4 7.1 4.2 4.2 5.5 7.4 16.5 10.2 9.7 9.52000 6.9 7.9 14.6 4.5 11.2 11.9 8.6 10.0 4.8 14.3 16.4 2.2 6.7 3.7 3.9 5.1 6.7 18.9 9.8 8.9 8.5

1991-2000 8.5 8.1 : 11.2 9.5 17.6 9.8 10.3 : 11.1 7.6 2.5 5.7 6.1 4.2 6.4 : : 12.5 : 9.8

2001 6.6 7.8 13.0 4.2 10.7 10.6 7.8 9.0 3.9 13.5 17.4 1.9 7.6 3.1 4.0 5.1 6.2 19.5 9.1 8.3 7.92002 7.5 8.6 11.2 4.7 10.3 11.5 7.9 8.5 3.5 12.5 13.8 2.6 7.0 3.7 4.4 6.2 6.3 18.8 9.1 8.6 8.32003 8.2 9.7 10.3 4.8 9.7 11.5 8.5 8.4 4.1 11.6 12.4 3.8 7.6 4.8 4.8 7.4 6.7 17.7 9.0 9.1 8.92004 8.4 10.4 10.1 4.7 10.6 11.0 8.9 8.0 4.6 11.7 10.9 5.0 7.2 5.7 5.5 7.8 6.3 18.4 8.8 9.3 9.12005 8.5 11.2 8.0 4.6 10.0 9.2 8.9 7.7 5.3 10.0 8.3 4.6 6.9 5.9 5.6 8.8 6.5 16.4 8.4 9.1 9.02006 8.3 10.1 5.9 4.8 9.0 8.5 8.8 6.8 4.6 7.0 5.8 4.6 6.8 5.0 5.3 8.9 6.0 13.5 7.7 8.4 8.42007 7.5 8.5 4.6 5.0 8.4 8.2 8.0 6.1 3.9 6.1 4.3 4.2 6.5 4.2 4.9 9.1 4.9 11.2 6.9 7.5 7.52008 7.0 7.4 5.5 6.8 7.8 11.3 7.4 6.7 3.7 7.7 5.8 4.9 6.0 3.7 4.1 8.8 4.4 9.6 6.4 7.6 7.62009 7.9 7.6 13.5 12.6 9.6 17.9 9.1 7.7 5.4 17.5 13.8 5.1 6.9 4.4 5.3 10.7 5.9 12.1 8.2 9.6 9.52010 8.3 7.0 16.7 14.6 12.7 19.9 9.3 8.4 6.3 19.5 17.8 4.6 6.8 5.0 4.8 12.0 7.3 14.5 8.4 10.2 10.0

2001-2010 7.8 8.8 9.9 6.7 9.9 12.0 8.5 7.7 4.5 11.7 11.0 4.1 6.9 4.6 4.9 8.5 6.1 15.2 8.2 8.8 8.6

2011 7.2 5.8 12.3 15.4 17.9 21.4 9.2 8.4 7.9 16.2 15.4 4.8 6.4 5.0 4.6 12.9 8.2 13.7 7.8 10.2 10.12012 7.6 5.4 10.0 15.5 24.5 24.8 9.8 10.7 11.9 15.0 13.4 5.1 6.2 5.8 4.9 15.8 8.9 14.0 7.7 11.4 11.32013 8.4 5.2 8.6 13.8 27.5 26.1 10.3 12.1 15.9 11.9 11.8 5.9 6.1 7.3 5.4 16.4 10.1 14.2 8.2 12.0 12.02014 8.5 5.0 7.4 11.9 26.5 24.5 10.3 12.7 16.1 10.8 10.7 6.0 5.7 7.4 5.6 14.1 9.7 13.2 8.7 11.6 11.62015 8.5 4.6 6.2 10.0 24.9 22.1 10.4 11.9 15.0 9.9 9.1 6.5 5.4 6.9 5.7 12.6 9.0 11.5 9.4 10.9 10.92016 7.8 4.1 6.8 8.4 23.6 19.6 10.1 11.7 13.0 9.6 7.9 6.3 4.7 6.0 6.0 11.2 8.0 9.7 8.8 10.0 10.12017 7.1 3.8 5.8 6.7 21.5 17.2 9.4 11.2 11.1 8.7 7.1 5.6 4.0 4.9 5.5 9.0 6.6 8.1 8.6 9.1 9.22018 6.0 3.4 5.4 5.8 19.3 15.3 9.1 10.6 8.4 7.4 6.2 5.5 3.7 3.8 4.9 7.0 5.1 6.5 7.4 8.2 8.32019 5.5 3.2 5.1 5.2 17.3 13.9 8.5 10.0 7.2 6.6 6.2 5.3 3.6 3.5 4.6 6.3 4.4 5.8 6.7 7.6 7.72020 5.4 3.4 5.4 5.0 15.4 13.3 8.2 10.0 6.3 6.4 6.2 5.3 3.5 3.7 4.6 5.9 4.2 5.7 6.5 7.4 7.5

2011-2020 7.2 4.4 7.3 9.8 21.8 19.8 9.5 10.9 11.3 10.3 9.4 5.6 4.9 5.4 5.2 11.1 7.4 10.2 8.0 9.8 9.9

2021 5.3 3.5 5.8 5.0 14.0 12.8 8.0 10.0 5.7 6.4 6.2 5.3 3.6 4.1 4.6 5.6 4.2 5.6 6.4 7.3 7.4


15


3. Unemployment rate; totalMember States: definition EUROSTAT

(Percentage of active population)


1960-1970 : : 1.2 : : : : 1.9 : 1.6 : 2.1 : : : : 8.3 1.3 4.8

1971-1980 : : 3.6 : : : : 2.6 : 3.8 : 3.9 : : : : 6.7 1.8 6.4

1981-1990 : : 6.9 : : : : 3.3 : 9.6 : 8.5 : : : : 6.6 2.5 7.1

1991 7.8

1991 : 4.1 7.9 : : : 3.1 3.9 : 8.6 : 7.9 : : : : 7.0 2.1 6.81992 : 3.1 8.6 : : 13.3 8.3 6.5 : 9.8 : 8.4 : : : : 7.2 2.2 7.51993 : 4.4 9.6 : : 14.0 10.6 10.2 : 10.2 : 10.1 : : : : 7.6 2.5 6.91994 : 4.3 7.7 : : 14.4 11.1 10.6 : 9.3 : 10.5 : : : : 7.3 2.9 6.11995 10.0 4.1 6.7 : 9.9 13.2 9.7 10.0 : 8.5 : 10.2 : : : : 6.6 3.1 5.61996 9.5 3.9 6.3 : 9.9 12.1 7.0 10.7 : 7.9 : 10.3 : : 31.9 : 5.8 3.4 5.41997 11.9 4.8 5.2 : 9.1 10.9 6.1 11.0 : 6.8 : 10.1 : : 36.0 : 6.1 3.4 4.91998 10.9 6.5 4.9 : 8.7 10.2 6.3 9.3 : 6.1 : 9.5 : : 34.5 : 6.3 4.1 4.51999 12.3 8.7 5.2 : 6.9 13.4 7.1 7.9 : 5.9 : 8.8 : : 32.4 : 7.1 4.7 4.22000 16.4 8.8 4.3 15.6 6.3 16.1 7.6 6.7 9.4 5.4 8.9 7.9 : : 32.2 12.1 7.6 4.7 4.0

1991-2000 : 5.3 6.6 : : : 7.7 8.7 : 7.9 : 9.4 : : : : 6.9 3.3 5.6

2001 19.6 8.1 4.5 16.0 5.6 18.3 7.4 5.8 9.2 5.0 8.7 7.3 : : 30.5 12.2 7.4 5.0 4.72002 18.2 7.3 4.6 15.3 5.6 20.0 8.3 6.0 9.6 5.1 9.0 7.7 : : 31.9 13.3 8.3 5.4 5.82003 13.7 7.8 5.4 14.1 5.8 19.8 7.7 6.6 9.8 5.0 9.2 8.1 : : 36.7 14.6 7.7 5.3 6.02004 12.1 8.3 5.5 13.8 6.1 19.1 8.0 7.4 9.9 4.7 9.3 8.3 : : 37.1 18.5 8.0 4.7 5.52005 10.1 7.9 4.8 13.0 7.2 17.9 7.1 7.7 9.7 4.8 9.0 8.2 : 30.4 37.3 20.8 9.5 4.4 5.12006 9.0 7.1 3.9 11.6 7.5 13.9 7.2 7.1 8.7 5.4 8.2 7.8 : 29.6 36.0 20.9 9.0 4.1 4.62007 6.9 5.3 3.8 9.9 7.4 9.6 6.4 6.1 7.5 5.3 7.2 7.1 : 19.4 34.9 18.1 9.1 3.8 4.62008 5.6 4.4 3.7 8.6 7.8 7.1 5.6 6.2 7.3 5.6 7.0 7.2 : 17.2 33.8 13.6 10.0 4.0 5.82009 6.8 6.7 6.4 9.3 10.0 8.1 6.5 8.3 9.2 7.6 9.0 9.1 : 19.2 32.2 16.1 13.0 5.1 9.32010 10.3 7.3 7.7 11.8 11.2 9.7 7.0 8.6 9.9 7.8 9.6 9.6 : 19.7 32.0 19.2 11.1 5.0 9.6

2001-2010 11.2 7.0 5.0 12.3 7.4 14.4 7.1 7.0 9.1 5.6 8.6 8.0 : : 34.2 16.7 9.3 4.7 6.1

2011 11.3 6.7 7.8 13.7 11.0 9.7 7.2 7.8 9.9 8.1 9.7 9.6 : 19.7 31.4 23.0 9.1 4.6 8.92012 12.3 7.0 7.8 15.8 11.0 10.1 6.8 8.0 10.9 7.9 10.5 10.6 : 19.7 31.0 23.9 8.4 4.3 8.12013 13.0 7.0 7.4 17.4 10.2 10.3 7.1 8.0 11.4 7.5 10.9 11.1 : 19.5 29.0 22.1 9.0 4.0 7.42014 11.4 6.1 6.9 17.2 7.7 9.0 6.8 7.9 10.9 6.1 10.2 10.5 : 18.0 28.0 19.2 9.9 3.6 6.22015 9.2 5.1 6.3 16.1 6.8 7.5 6.8 7.4 10.1 5.3 9.4 9.8 : 17.6 26.2 17.7 10.3 3.4 5.32016 7.6 4.0 6.0 13.4 5.1 6.2 5.9 6.9 9.1 4.8 8.6 9.0 : 17.7 24.1 15.3 10.9 3.1 4.92017 6.2 2.9 5.8 11.0 4.2 4.9 4.9 6.7 8.2 4.3 7.6 8.2 : 16.1 24.3 13.5 10.9 2.8 4.42018 5.2 2.2 5.1 8.4 3.7 3.9 4.2 6.3 7.3 4.0 6.8 7.5 : 15.5 22.6 12.7 11.0 2.4 3.92019 4.4 2.1 4.9 6.9 3.4 3.5 3.9 6.8 6.8 3.8 6.3 7.0 : 14.7 19.4 10.5 13.7 2.4 3.72020 4.1 2.2 4.8 5.8 3.4 3.6 4.2 7.1 6.7 4.0 6.2 6.9 : 14.3 18.4 8.9 13.3 2.3 3.7

2011-2020 8.5 4.5 6.3 12.6 6.7 6.9 5.8 7.3 9.1 5.6 8.6 9.0 : 17.3 25.4 16.7 10.7 3.3 5.7

2021 4.0 2.3 4.7 4.9 3.4 3.5 4.3 7.2 6.5 4.1 6.2 6.8 : 13.9 17.4 7.2 12.9 2.3 3.7


16

Output

4. Gross domestic product at current market prices

(National currency)


Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EUR EUR

BEF DEM EEK IEP GRD ESP FRF ITL CYP LVL LTL LUF MTL NLG ATS PTE SIT SKK FIM

1960 15.0 162 : 0.9 0.4 5 47 13 0.18 : : 0.89 0.13 23.0 12.6 0.5 : : 2.8 : 225

1965 22.3 245 : 1.4 0.7 9 76 22 0.26 : : 1.19 0.14 37.3 19.0 0.8 : : 4.7 : 367

1970 33.8 361 : 2.3 1.2 17 126 36 0.43 : : 1.87 0.25 62.7 29.0 1.2 : : 8.0 : 602

1975 60.1 551 : 5.5 2.7 40 236 76 0.49 : : 2.95 0.44 115.0 50.7 2.6 : : 18.1 : 1162

1980 91.9 789 : 13.6 7.1 100 452 210 1.46 : : 4.52 1.04 176.1 77.2 8.3 : : 33.7 : 2039

1985 127.0 984 : 25.9 19.4 185 758 444 2.84 : : 6.97 1.26 216.8 104.3 23.1 : : 58.2 : 3031

1990 170.1 1307 : 37.9 45.5 329 1054 729 4.90 0.11 0.04 10.96 1.95 263.0 137.5 56.4 0.88 9.5 91.0 : 4439

1991 1416 4739

1991 178.2 1586 : 39.3 56.2 360 1092 797 5.13 0.25 0.13 12.12 2.14 277.9 147.5 64.6 1.56 11.0 86.9 : 49011992 187.1 1702 : 41.8 65.0 388 1131 839 5.95 1.74 1.03 12.80 2.32 289.6 155.8 72.6 4.53 11.4 84.8 : 51651993 192.7 1751 1.51 45.1 73.2 402 1142 865 6.30 2.55 3.52 14.14 2.50 298.0 160.9 76.0 6.39 14.1 85.7 5259 52201994 203.1 1830 2.08 48.5 83.0 427 1180 915 7.02 3.55 5.13 15.20 2.73 313.1 169.0 82.4 8.25 17.0 90.7 5484 54381995 210.5 1895 2.86 54.8 93.1 461 1218 988 7.68 4.05 7.76 15.78 3.04 329.5 176.6 89.0 10.56 19.8 98.5 5743 56891996 214.3 1921 3.68 60.2 103.0 489 1252 1046 7.98 4.66 9.71 16.71 3.20 344.6 182.5 94.4 12.15 22.0 102.1 5988 59281997 224.1 1961 4.57 69.4 114.7 519 1293 1092 8.37 5.38 11.72 17.50 3.40 369.0 188.7 102.3 13.84 24.5 110.8 6132 60631998 232.6 2014 5.09 80.3 125.3 556 1352 1139 9.06 6.00 13.02 18.18 3.60 394.3 196.3 111.4 15.35 26.7 120.5 6382 63081999 242.3 2059 5.41 92.6 133.8 596 1401 1175 9.73 6.26 12.71 20.87 3.80 419.5 203.9 119.6 17.23 28.6 126.9 6674 65972000 256.4 2109 6.18 108.4 141.2 648 1479 1242 10.59 6.85 13.37 23.08 4.14 452.0 213.6 128.4 18.85 31.7 136.4 7025 6938

2001 264.3 2173 6.99 122.0 152.2 701 1538 1304 11.42 7.45 14.19 23.77 4.26 481.9 220.5 135.8 21.15 34.4 144.6 7354 72612002 273.3 2198 7.83 136.0 163.5 750 1588 1350 11.88 8.38 15.20 25.09 4.51 501.1 226.7 142.6 23.55 37.3 148.5 7604 75022003 281.2 2212 8.75 145.6 178.9 802 1631 1395 12.85 9.54 16.67 26.19 4.76 512.8 231.9 146.1 25.61 41.5 151.7 7823 77142004 296.8 2263 9.78 156.1 193.7 859 1704 1452 13.86 11.03 18.24 27.94 4.85 529.3 242.3 152.2 27.63 46.2 158.8 8156 80362005 310.0 2288 11.34 170.2 199.2 927 1766 1494 14.82 13.59 21.00 30.03 5.15 550.9 254.1 158.6 29.11 50.5 164.7 8448 83132006 325.2 2385 13.56 185.0 217.9 1004 1848 1553 16.00 17.09 24.08 33.81 5.39 584.5 267.8 166.3 31.47 56.4 172.9 8897 87432007 343.6 2500 16.40 197.2 232.7 1076 1941 1615 17.51 22.59 29.04 37.18 5.76 619.2 284.0 175.5 35.07 63.2 187.1 9391 92082008 351.7 2546 16.64 187.8 242.0 1110 1992 1638 19.01 24.39 32.70 38.13 6.13 647.2 293.8 179.1 37.93 68.6 194.3 9623 94202009 346.5 2446 14.21 170.1 237.5 1069 1936 1577 18.68 18.88 26.93 36.98 6.14 624.8 288.0 175.4 36.25 64.1 181.7 9275 90902010 363.1 2564 14.86 167.7 226.0 1073 1995 1611 19.41 17.97 27.96 40.18 6.60 639.2 295.9 179.6 36.36 68.1 188.1 9535 9344

2011 376.0 2694 16.83 170.8 207.0 1064 2058 1649 19.80 20.32 31.23 43.16 6.83 650.4 310.1 176.1 37.06 71.2 198.0 9799 95962012 386.2 2745 18.05 175.1 191.2 1031 2089 1624 19.44 21.93 33.33 44.11 7.17 653.0 318.7 168.3 36.25 73.5 201.0 9837 96272013 392.9 2811 19.03 179.7 180.7 1020 2117 1613 17.99 22.80 34.98 46.50 7.65 660.5 323.9 170.5 36.45 74.4 204.3 9934 97212014 403.0 2927 20.18 194.8 178.7 1032 2150 1627 17.41 23.65 36.54 49.82 8.51 671.6 333.1 173.1 37.63 76.3 206.9 10168 99482015 416.7 3030 20.78 262.8 177.3 1078 2198 1655 17.83 24.43 37.32 52.07 9.66 690.0 344.3 179.7 38.85 79.8 211.5 10524 102962016 430.4 3134 21.69 271.7 176.5 1114 2234 1696 18.87 25.07 38.89 54.87 10.35 708.3 357.3 186.5 40.37 81.0 217.5 10817 105812017 446.4 3245 23.78 297.1 180.2 1162 2295 1737 20.04 26.80 42.27 56.81 11.30 738.1 370.3 195.9 42.99 84.5 225.8 11201 109492018 459.8 3344 26.04 324.0 184.7 1202 2353 1765 21.14 29.15 45.26 60.05 12.32 774.0 385.7 203.9 45.75 89.7 234.5 11561 112922019 472.3 3427 27.78 345.0 189.5 1242 2416 1777 22.06 30.81 48.68 62.93 13.21 806.5 398.9 210.8 48.18 94.4 240.9 11874 115892020 486.1 3532 29.22 362.4 195.5 1278 2477 1801 22.98 32.33 51.49 65.79 14.04 829.0 411.2 217.7 50.68 99.1 248.0 12204 11904

2021 500.8 3630 30.74 379.8 202.6 1314 2537 1833 23.91 33.93 54.00 68.84 14.87 849.7 423.8 225.1 53.27 104.0 255.3 12535 12220

1) 1960-91 D_W 2) 1960-1998 ECU; ; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-1998 ECU; Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

17

Output


(National currency)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3) Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd BGN CZK DKK HRK HUF PLN RON SEK EUR GBP EUR EUR ALL EUR MKD RSD TRY JPY USD

1960 : : 44 : : : : 81 : 26 : 315.0 : : : : 0 16621 542

1965 : : 75 : : : : 126 : 37 : 496.0 : : : : 0 34121 742

1970 : : 128 : 346 : : 192 : 56 : 786.0 : : : : 0 76145 1073

1975 : : 233 : 502 : : 337 : 115 : 1465 : : : : 0 153990 1685

1980 : : 401 : 750 0 0 587 : 260 : 2624 : : : : 0 249345 2857

1985 : : 664 : 1075 1 0 964 : 414 : 3966 : : : : 0 334121 4339

1990 0.10 674 856 0.3 2172 63 0 1522 : 669 : 5687 : : 0.5 : 1 454645 5963

1991 6076

1991 0.20 870 891 0.4 2597 90 0 1632 : 705 : 6238 : : 1.0 : 1 481999 61581992 0.30 976 923 2.5 3059 129 1 1635 : 731 : 6491 : : 12.4 : 2 493665 65201993 0.40 1201 928 37.1 3689 174 2 1644 5759 769 6745 6509 : : 62.2 : 3 496672 68591994 0.80 1370 993 89.5 4538 252 5 1754 6028 809 7071 6805 : : 154.0 : 5 501538 72871995 1.30 1586 1036 117.1 5836 345 8 1893 6338 850 7364 7059 : : 178.3 60 11 512542 76401996 2.20 1818 1088 128.6 7122 431 11 1943 6637 907 7751 7419 334 : 185.6 117 20 525807 80731997 19.00 1959 1146 146.7 8835 522 26 2034 6819 952 8195 7827 331 : 195.7 152 40 534143 85781998 26.50 2146 1186 161.8 10443 606 37 2138 7111 996 8584 8178 385 : 205.1 195 72 527877 90631999 25.00 2242 1242 166.3 11638 673 55 2250 7431 1040 9010 8598 444 : 219.8 226 107 519652 96312000 28.10 2379 1327 180.2 13324 747 81 2394 7870 1096 9667 9198 501 1.076 248.6 434 171 526706 10252

2001 31.0 2568 1372 194.2 15399 780 117 2490 8242 1139 10074 9546 563 1.308 252.4 867 245 523005 105822002 34.1 2682 1410 211.5 17434 811 152 2584 8539 1191 10433 9868 610 1.373 258.6 1103 359 515986 109362003 36.6 2810 1437 232.4 19134 846 192 2687 8768 1257 10585 10019 678 1.525 268.7 1295 468 515401 114582004 41.2 3062 1506 250.6 21077 933 245 2812 9168 1320 11113 10491 738 1.686 280.8 1526 577 520965 122142005 47.0 3265 1586 269.8 22549 990 287 2913 9561 1396 11603 10881 804 1.832 308.4 1847 674 524133 130372006 53.6 3513 1682 294.2 24316 1070 343 3100 10113 1475 12276 11467 873 2.170 334.8 2181 789 526880 138152007 63.5 3840 1739 322.5 25701 1188 426 3298 10739 1550 13004 12062 966 2.689 372.9 2523 880 531688 144522008 72.8 4024 1801 347.7 27217 1286 540 3397 11086 1590 13082 12012 1081 3.103 414.9 2908 995 520716 147132009 73.1 3930 1722 331.4 26458 1372 531 3330 10588 1548 12325 11372 1144 2.994 414.6 3052 999 489501 144492010 74.4 3962 1811 329.1 27269 1445 528 3570 10978 1602 12846 11828 1240 3.125 437.3 3251 1160 500354 14992

2011 80.7 4034 1847 333.5 28371 1567 559 3719 11323 1660 13235 12168 1301 3.265 464.2 3612 1394 491409 155432012 82.2 4060 1895 330.8 28848 1629 594 3733 11390 1712 13502 12422 1333 3.181 466.7 3810 1570 494957 161972013 81.9 4098 1930 331.8 30290 1657 635 3808 11517 1782 13615 12518 1350 3.362 501.9 4121 1810 503176 167852014 83.9 4314 1981 331.6 32694 1720 669 3981 11782 1862 14091 12961 1395 3.458 527.6 4161 2044 513876 175272015 89.3 4596 2036 339.6 34785 1800 713 4248 12213 1917 14854 13664 1434 3.655 559.0 4312 2339 531320 182252016 95.1 4768 2100 351.3 35896 1861 765 4416 12549 1995 14984 13764 1472 3.954 594.8 4521 2609 535986 187152017 102.3 5047 2178 365.6 38835 1989 858 4621 13047 2072 15410 14085 1551 4.299 616.6 4754 3111 545104 195192018 109.7 5329 2223 381.8 42662 2115 944 4834 13479 2140 15898 14480 1631 4.663 660.3 5069 3724 548907 205802019 118.7 5607 2301 400.6 46510 2264 1054 5004 13877 2210 16383 14873 1713 4.844 695.6 5352 4246 555875 214142020 126.0 5862 2377 421.2 49567 2412 1141 5133 14294 2289 16901 15303 1814 5.061 730.3 5687 4854 561046 22195

2021 133.0 6093 2463 442.2 52502 2568 1230 5291 14731 2365 17423 15731 1920 5.299 771.7 6045 5517 569116 22933

1) 1960-1998 ECU; EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-1998 ECU; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-1998 ECU; Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

18

Output


(Mrd EUR 1))


1960 11.4 71 : 1.9 4.1 12 59 37 0.27 : : 0.68 0.14 12.6 6.3 3.3 : : 5.0 : 225

1965 16.8 112 : 2.9 7.2 24 95 64 0.40 : : 0.90 0.16 21.2 9.4 4.9 : : 8.1 : 367

1970 26.7 189 : 4.3 12.9 41 145 111 0.60 : : 1.48 0.25 37.3 15.0 8.1 : : 11.1 : 602

1975 53.2 353 : 7.7 22.9 95 291 183 0.63 : : 2.61 0.40 80.9 32.4 16.8 : : 23.7 : 1162

1980 91.4 611 : 15.8 40.8 167 505 341 1.84 : : 4.49 0.99 140.6 59.1 23.8 : : 38.7 : 2039

1985 114.0 865 : 28.5 62.5 238 731 594 3.07 : : 6.26 1.31 190.3 91.8 35.6 : : 73.8 : 3031

1990 161.7 1245 : 38.9 77.0 423 1000 928 4.93 : : 10.42 2.07 250.7 131.1 62.4 : : 111.4 : 4439

1991 1350 4739

1991 170.2 1512 : 40.3 85.1 467 1027 1006 5.23 : : 11.58 2.30 265.0 140.6 72.5 10.08 : 103.3 : 49011992 181.5 1648 : 43.3 89.7 487 1083 1018 5.96 1.37 1.67 12.42 2.41 280.6 150.8 83.4 10.32 : 86.8 : 51651993 192.1 1768 1.53 44.4 92.9 448 1129 909 6.32 2.26 2.39 14.09 2.40 301.9 162.5 80.9 11.55 11.8 76.1 5259 52201994 206.6 1859 2.12 48.2 98.2 447 1176 925 7.04 3.75 3.75 15.46 2.61 319.7 171.7 83.9 12.94 13.4 87.2 5484 54381995 220.3 1978 2.98 52.9 104.7 470 1225 898 7.60 4.12 5.12 16.51 2.83 346.0 184.4 91.0 16.34 15.3 102.6 5743 56891996 220.0 1968 3.77 59.8 114.9 506 1265 1034 7.89 4.69 6.60 17.16 3.00 354.9 187.0 96.6 16.95 17.1 104.1 5988 59281997 223.0 1953 4.55 73.1 126.4 521 1282 1096 8.41 5.73 8.92 17.41 3.33 367.9 187.9 103.3 18.32 19.3 112.0 6132 60631998 231.0 2001 5.06 80.5 129.1 553 1343 1135 9.15 6.38 10.03 18.06 3.55 391.5 195.0 110.7 19.78 20.3 119.7 6382 63081999 242.3 2059 5.41 92.6 139.9 596 1401 1175 9.84 7.03 10.29 20.87 3.84 419.5 203.9 119.6 21.23 19.5 126.9 6674 65972000 256.4 2109 6.18 108.4 143.0 648 1479 1242 10.80 8.61 12.49 23.08 4.39 452.0 213.6 128.4 21.87 22.4 136.4 7025 6938

2001 264.3 2173 6.99 122.0 152.2 701 1538 1304 11.60 9.34 13.68 23.77 4.54 481.9 220.5 135.8 23.25 23.9 144.6 7354 72612002 273.3 2198 7.83 136.0 163.5 750 1588 1350 12.08 10.14 15.17 25.09 4.74 501.1 226.7 142.6 24.97 26.3 148.5 7604 75022003 281.2 2212 8.75 145.6 178.9 802 1631 1395 12.87 10.46 16.67 26.19 4.79 512.8 231.9 146.1 26.25 30.1 151.7 7823 77142004 296.8 2263 9.78 156.1 193.7 859 1704 1452 13.94 11.66 18.24 27.94 4.87 529.3 242.3 152.2 27.69 34.8 158.8 8156 80362005 310.0 2288 11.34 170.2 199.2 927 1766 1494 15.04 13.72 21.00 30.03 5.14 550.9 254.1 158.6 29.12 39.4 164.7 8448 83132006 325.2 2385 13.56 185.0 217.9 1004 1848 1553 16.26 17.25 24.08 33.81 5.39 584.5 267.8 166.3 31.48 45.6 172.9 8897 87432007 343.6 2500 16.40 197.2 232.7 1076 1941 1615 17.59 22.68 29.04 37.18 5.76 619.2 284.0 175.5 35.07 56.3 187.1 9391 92082008 351.7 2546 16.64 187.8 242.0 1110 1992 1638 19.01 24.40 32.70 38.13 6.13 647.2 293.8 179.1 37.93 66.1 194.3 9623 94202009 346.5 2446 14.21 170.1 237.5 1069 1936 1577 18.68 18.81 26.93 36.98 6.14 624.8 288.0 175.4 36.25 64.1 181.7 9275 90902010 363.1 2564 14.86 167.7 226.0 1073 1995 1611 19.41 17.82 27.96 40.18 6.60 639.2 295.9 179.6 36.36 68.1 188.1 9535 9344

2011 376.0 2694 16.83 170.8 207.0 1064 2058 1649 19.80 20.22 31.23 43.16 6.83 650.4 310.1 176.1 37.06 71.2 198.0 9799 95962012 386.2 2745 18.05 175.1 191.2 1031 2089 1624 19.44 22.10 33.33 44.11 7.17 653.0 318.7 168.3 36.25 73.5 201.0 9837 96272013 392.9 2811 19.03 179.7 180.7 1020 2117 1613 17.99 22.85 34.98 46.50 7.65 660.5 323.9 170.5 36.45 74.4 204.3 9934 97212014 403.0 2927 20.18 194.8 178.7 1032 2150 1627 17.41 23.65 36.54 49.82 8.51 671.6 333.1 173.1 37.63 76.3 206.9 10168 99482015 416.7 3030 20.78 262.8 177.3 1078 2198 1655 17.83 24.43 37.32 52.07 9.66 690.0 344.3 179.7 38.85 79.8 211.5 10524 102962016 430.4 3134 21.69 271.7 176.5 1114 2234 1696 18.87 25.07 38.89 54.87 10.35 708.3 357.3 186.5 40.37 81.0 217.5 10817 105812017 446.4 3245 23.78 297.1 180.2 1162 2295 1737 20.04 26.80 42.27 56.81 11.30 738.1 370.3 195.9 42.99 84.5 225.8 11201 109492018 459.8 3344 26.04 324.0 184.7 1202 2353 1765 21.14 29.15 45.26 60.05 12.32 774.0 385.7 203.9 45.75 89.7 234.5 11561 112922019 472.3 3427 27.78 345.0 189.5 1242 2416 1777 22.06 30.81 48.68 62.93 13.21 806.5 398.9 210.8 48.18 94.4 240.9 11874 115892020 486.1 3532 29.22 362.4 195.5 1278 2477 1801 22.98 32.33 51.49 65.79 14.04 829.0 411.2 217.7 50.68 99.1 248.0 12204 11904

2021 500.8 3630 30.74 379.8 202.6 1314 2537 1833 23.91 33.93 54.00 68.84 14.87 849.7 423.8 225.1 53.27 104.0 255.3 12535 12220

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

19

Output


(Mrd EUR 1))


1960 : : 6.0 : : : : 14.8 : 69 : 315 : : : : 9.6 44 514

1965 : : 10.2 : : : : 22.8 : 96 : 496 : : : : 15.4 89 694

1970 : : 16.7 : : : : 36.3 : 132 : 786 : : : : 24.7 207 1050

1975 : : 32.7 : : : : 65.5 : 205 : 1465 : : : : 51.8 427 1358

1980 : : 51.2 : 17.6 42.8 27.6 99.9 : 434 : 2624 : : : : 72.3 791 2052

1985 : : 82.8 : 48.3 167.1 113.5 147.9 : 704 : 3966 : : : : 104.2 1850 5686

1990 14.59 25.0 108.9 : 16.6 32.0 19.6 202.4 : 937 : 5687 : : : : 162.5 2475 4683

1991 6076

1991 5.83 25.1 112.6 : 18.3 44.9 16.0 218.3 : 1006 : 6238 : : : : 168.3 2895 49701992 5.72 26.5 118.2 : 17.7 43.2 9.4 217.0 : 990 : 6491 : : : : 168.5 3006 50231993 13.45 35.2 122.3 8.86 34.3 82.1 23.9 180.2 5759 986 6745 6509 : : : : 211.8 3816 58571994 11.86 40.1 131.7 12.55 36.3 93.2 26.6 191.4 6028 1043 7071 6805 : : 3.00 : 149.9 4134 61261995 14.52 45.7 141.4 17.12 35.5 108.7 28.6 202.9 6338 1026 7364 7059 : : 3.60 : 178.4 4167 58411996 9.71 52.8 147.8 18.65 36.8 126.0 29.0 228.2 6637 1115 7751 7419 2.52 : 3.66 : 197.0 3808 63581997 10.01 54.5 153.2 21.02 41.7 140.4 31.4 235.1 6819 1376 8195 7827 1.96 : 3.45 22.65 231.0 3897 75641998 13.44 59.5 158.1 22.70 43.4 154.7 37.1 239.8 7111 1473 8584 8178 2.28 : 3.36 17.38 244.8 3605 80841999 12.80 60.8 167.0 21.93 46.0 159.3 33.7 255.4 7431 1579 9010 8598 3.02 : 3.63 18.20 239.6 4283 90362000 14.44 66.8 178.0 23.57 51.2 186.4 40.6 283.5 7870 1798 9667 9198 3.78 1.076 4.09 7.46 296.9 5295 11100

2001 15.91 75.4 184.0 25.96 60.0 212.4 45.1 269.0 8242 1832 10074 9546 4.37 1.308 4.14 14.48 222.6 4812 118152002 17.48 87.1 189.8 28.53 71.8 210.1 48.7 282.0 8539 1893 10433 9868 4.61 1.373 4.24 18.18 249.6 4370 115662003 18.80 88.2 193.4 30.71 75.4 192.3 51.1 294.5 8768 1817 10585 10019 4.93 1.525 4.39 19.88 276.1 3935 101302004 21.09 96.0 202.4 33.42 83.8 206.1 60.4 308.2 9168 1945 11113 10491 5.78 1.686 4.58 20.99 324.7 3875 98192005 24.04 109.6 212.8 36.45 90.9 246.2 79.2 313.8 9561 2042 11603 10881 6.48 1.832 5.03 22.25 401.7 3830 104792006 27.41 123.9 225.5 40.16 92.0 274.6 97.2 335.0 10113 2163 12276 11467 7.09 2.170 5.47 25.93 436.3 3608 110022007 32.44 138.3 233.4 43.95 102.3 313.9 127.6 356.5 10739 2265 13004 12062 7.81 2.689 6.09 31.56 492.8 3297 105452008 37.22 161.3 241.6 48.14 108.2 366.2 146.6 353.3 11086 1997 13082 12012 8.80 3.103 6.77 35.71 521.8 3416 100042009 37.40 148.7 231.3 45.15 94.4 317.1 125.2 313.6 10588 1737 12325 11372 8.66 2.994 6.77 32.49 461.9 3756 103592010 38.04 156.7 243.2 45.16 99.0 361.8 125.4 374.3 10978 1867 12846 11828 9.00 3.125 7.11 31.55 581.0 4305 11309

2011 41.25 164.0 247.9 44.83 101.6 380.2 131.9 411.9 11323 1912 13235 12168 9.27 3.265 7.54 35.43 596.5 4429 111662012 42.03 161.4 254.6 43.98 99.7 389.4 133.1 428.8 11390 2112 13502 12422 9.59 3.181 7.58 33.71 678.5 4829 126072013 41.89 157.7 258.7 43.78 102.0 394.7 143.8 440.2 11517 2098 13615 12518 9.62 3.362 8.15 36.44 714.3 3881 126382014 42.88 156.7 265.8 43.43 105.9 411.2 150.5 437.5 11782 2310 14091 12961 9.97 3.458 8.56 35.48 703.4 3663 131932015 45.68 168.5 273.0 44.61 112.2 430.3 160.3 454.2 12213 2641 14854 13664 10.27 3.655 9.07 35.71 773.0 3956 164262016 48.62 176.4 282.1 46.64 115.3 426.6 170.4 466.3 12549 2435 14984 13764 10.72 3.954 9.66 36.73 780.2 4459 169082017 52.31 191.7 292.8 48.99 125.6 467.3 187.8 479.6 13047 2363 15410 14085 11.57 4.299 10.01 39.16 754.9 4302 172792018 56.09 207.8 298.3 51.47 133.8 496.4 202.9 471.2 13479 2419 15898 14480 12.79 4.663 10.73 42.86 652.5 4210 174272019 60.71 218.0 308.2 54.02 142.9 526.2 222.4 470.7 13877 2506 16383 14873 13.91 4.844 11.31 45.41 666.3 4564 191392020 64.42 227.5 318.3 56.66 149.2 560.7 240.1 474.0 14294 2607 16901 15303 14.71 5.061 11.88 48.38 749.1 4694 20080

2021 68.00 236.5 329.7 59.49 158.0 597.0 258.8 488.5 14731 2693 17423 15731 15.57 5.299 12.55 51.43 851.3 4762 20748

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 including D W 4) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

20

Output


(Mrd PPS)


1960 9.7 76 : 2.0 5.1 20 46 46 : : : 0.57 : 14.9 7.6 4.1 : : 4.0 : 237

1965 15.1 118 : 3.0 9.6 36 75 76 : : : 0.83 : 23.0 11.3 6.9 : : 6.2 : 381

1970 23.9 179 : 4.7 17.6 61 123 132 : : : 1.23 : 37.4 18.3 11.0 : : 9.8 : 619

1975 45.4 323 : 9.5 35.9 127 237 243 : : : 2.27 : 70.3 35.4 21.9 : : 19.7 : 1169

1980 81.5 585 : 18.2 67.6 213 429 455 : : : 3.89 : 122.7 63.9 43.5 : : 35.6 : 2119

1985 119.3 875 : 28.8 95.2 318 649 683 : : : 6.16 : 181.3 96.0 64.4 : : 57.1 : 3173

1990 169.0 1252 : 43.8 123.1 483 932 963 6.90 20.63 29.84 10.74 : 260.1 135.6 105.6 22.44 : 82.2 : 4560

1991 1379 4903

1991 180.3 1545 : 46.8 133.0 518 987 1024 7.29 18.89 29.49 12.23 3.60 279.2 147.0 114.4 21.42 : 81.0 : 50681992 188.2 1618 : 49.7 137.7 538 1031 1060 8.22 13.19 23.87 12.80 3.87 291.9 154.3 121.3 20.82 33.5 80.5 : 52841993 187.4 1611 7.87 51.3 136.2 535 1030 1057 8.32 11.74 20.10 13.40 4.07 297.1 155.9 121.1 21.52 36.1 80.4 5386 52761994 196.8 1679 7.88 55.2 141.4 558 1073 1098 8.97 12.22 18.47 14.17 4.38 311.3 162.5 125.1 23.07 39.0 85.0 5614 55001995 191.3 1618 7.82 57.5 137.0 544 1040 1070 9.35 11.49 18.10 13.64 4.41 304.7 158.3 121.4 22.80 39.2 84.1 5453 53401996 196.7 1679 8.30 63.5 145.9 577 1087 1116 9.75 12.11 19.59 14.60 4.72 324.2 166.4 127.9 24.23 43.0 87.6 5707 55861997 208.6 1740 9.63 71.8 157.9 619 1151 1172 10.29 13.58 21.82 15.51 5.10 350.6 174.9 137.8 26.20 46.9 96.7 6030 58971998 215.0 1798 10.11 80.4 167.2 664 1216 1231 11.01 14.69 23.82 16.30 5.36 376.3 184.0 146.6 27.51 49.5 105.0 6341 61991999 227.0 1883 10.21 88.4 173.4 703 1283 1271 11.78 15.41 24.05 19.02 5.69 403.8 192.5 158.0 29.56 50.4 111.6 6662 65152000 249.7 1960 11.55 100.6 184.9 768 1393 1351 12.95 16.63 25.94 21.16 6.25 444.9 206.3 170.3 31.38 53.7 121.5 7130 6971

2001 257.3 2030 12.45 109.3 197.7 814 1465 1388 13.93 18.30 28.49 21.43 6.29 462.5 207.5 175.8 32.79 57.9 125.3 7424 72542002 268.8 2068 13.83 118.9 211.8 867 1514 1409 14.36 19.95 31.04 22.53 6.66 477.9 216.5 182.2 34.68 61.5 127.8 7667 74852003 272.1 2093 15.27 122.9 221.4 896 1487 1419 14.78 21.38 34.98 23.01 7.03 469.7 221.3 184.9 35.72 64.6 128.4 7731 75372004 282.6 2187 16.75 133.2 235.9 949 1541 1442 15.97 23.37 37.25 24.84 7.25 493.1 233.4 190.4 38.44 69.2 138.0 8058 78502005 295.5 2229 19.15 143.0 238.9 1024 1638 1485 17.43 26.33 41.03 26.98 7.64 522.0 244.9 202.9 40.56 76.0 142.9 8422 81942006 307.6 2328 21.54 156.4 260.3 1128 1709 1561 18.65 28.92 44.63 30.51 7.79 554.6 257.6 214.8 42.70 84.1 150.1 8906 86572007 322.0 2459 24.51 169.6 266.8 1210 1799 1643 20.78 32.89 50.87 33.24 8.35 592.9 269.4 223.5 45.83 94.0 164.8 9431 91532008 320.7 2453 24.12 157.1 270.1 1208 1786 1652 21.65 33.50 52.43 33.48 8.47 603.3 271.7 222.5 47.29 100.9 168.3 9434 91452009 310.0 2294 20.91 143.6 256.5 1132 1707 1556 20.83 27.57 43.65 31.15 8.20 560.3 259.7 212.7 42.73 94.6 154.2 8875 86162010 332.2 2438 22.21 151.1 239.6 1129 1787 1595 21.22 28.24 47.50 33.22 8.82 572.8 268.9 220.6 43.63 103.8 159.9 9203 8927

2011 341.0 2577 24.82 155.0 219.0 1124 1846 1640 21.39 30.76 52.15 35.99 8.98 587.0 281.5 213.3 44.81 106.1 166.4 9475 91862012 355.1 2636 26.19 160.8 211.1 1122 1870 1642 20.79 32.74 55.67 36.77 9.35 598.7 296.1 210.1 45.17 110.1 167.3 9606 93062013 358.1 2666 26.77 162.7 210.3 1111 1917 1607 19.24 33.56 57.98 38.17 9.73 608.0 298.6 214.7 45.37 111.2 165.8 9662 93582014 371.4 2807 28.24 175.4 215.6 1149 1963 1622 18.89 35.05 60.88 41.55 10.70 612.2 307.5 220.4 46.94 115.8 168.2 9970 96542015 391.6 2928 29.07 244.1 218.8 1219 2044 1685 20.21 36.91 62.94 44.42 12.11 640.5 324.0 231.0 49.07 122.0 175.2 10478 101452016 394.6 2967 29.60 244.0 213.9 1237 2046 1729 21.31 36.90 63.32 45.81 12.71 636.3 329.4 233.3 49.88 121.8 176.0 10587 102522017 403.4 3039 31.33 263.4 217.1 1280 2090 1761 22.38 38.56 66.54 46.57 13.72 659.4 335.1 238.4 52.74 123.9 181.8 10864 105152018 415.9 3117 33.66 286.0 224.9 1314 2151 1790 23.73 41.35 70.07 48.79 14.58 687.5 347.5 243.3 55.72 130.2 189.2 11186 108172019 427.0 3178 35.27 306.7 232.3 1359 2212 1819 24.78 43.03 73.86 50.79 15.54 709.7 358.2 251.8 58.00 135.7 194.7 11486 111002020 438.2 3263 36.62 322.8 241.6 1402 2277 1857 25.86 44.87 76.87 52.95 16.46 730.7 369.2 260.4 60.58 141.5 200.1 11819 11416

2021 449.6 3349 38.09 338.4 250.2 1444 2342 1900 26.88 46.80 79.95 55.16 17.35 751.6 380.2 269.0 63.19 147.6 205.2 12153 11734


21

Output


(Mrd PPS)


1960 : : 5.5 : : : : 10.4 : 62 : 315 : : : : 15 54 297

1965 : : 8.7 : : : : 16.4 : 90 : 496 : : : : 23 102 464

1970 : : 13.4 : : : : 24.9 : 129 : 786 : : : : 40 216 687

1975 : : 23.2 : : : : 45.3 : 227 : 1465 : : : : 85 429 1251

1980 : : 40.7 : : : : 75.0 : 390 : 2624 : : : : 147 817 2300

1985 : : 65.1 : : : : 114.8 : 612 : 3966 : : : : 260 1408 3781

1990 : 117.7 85.1 : : 213.8 110.3 157.3 : 884 : 5687 : : 10.04 : 414 2186 5417

1991 6073

1991 57.30 111.4 90.4 : 78.7 208.3 100.5 162.9 : 917 : 6238 : : 9.87 : 438 2367 56711992 54.60 112.0 94.7 : 79.2 219.6 94.3 165.5 : 946 : 6491 : : 9.48 : 477 2453 60351993 54.10 114.0 95.2 : 79.1 229.0 96.2 163.0 : 975 : 6509 : : 8.82 : 518 2470 62331994 56.00 118.8 102.1 : 82.9 245.4 101.8 172.5 : 1030 : 6805 : : 8.82 : 499 2536 66001995 54.70 119.6 99.9 30.92 79.8 249.1 103.5 170.2 6361 1003 7364 6613 : : 8.28 : 508 2472 64321996 48.80 128.2 106.4 33.68 82.1 271.8 110.6 178.9 6668 1084 7751 6954 : : 8.64 : 559 2628 68821997 41.30 131.0 113.7 36.98 87.3 297.7 108.3 188.2 7035 1160 8195 7359 7.39 : 9.01 : 619 2736 74051998 44.10 132.7 118.4 38.28 92.3 316.6 107.9 196.7 7388 1195 8584 7710 8.17 : 9.46 : 482 2740 78361999 41.60 137.5 123.8 38.72 97.1 338.1 109.7 210.9 7760 1250 9010 8100 9.42 : 10.08 : 476 2798 84032000 46.00 145.5 134.1 41.70 106.1 357.2 115.0 229.0 8304 1363 9667 8697 10.45 3.210 10.93 39.70 531 2984 8985

2001 48.40 155.7 137.0 43.55 116.9 368.7 125.3 230.0 8649 1425 10074 9046 11.43 3.610 10.69 42.30 514 3033 91892002 52.40 159.3 141.5 46.84 126.8 386.9 133.7 235.8 8950 1483 10433 9345 12.22 3.760 11.10 46.50 522 3083 93952003 55.50 168.1 140.8 49.46 132.9 397.4 138.3 240.1 9053 1532 10585 9450 12.88 3.850 11.33 48.50 539 3135 97242004 60.00 179.5 150.5 52.87 138.8 431.2 163.1 255.9 9490 1623 11113 9879 13.89 4.110 12.33 53.60 616 3282 103382005 67.00 190.6 157.3 56.03 146.4 450.9 174.0 261.2 9925 1677 11603 10290 15.02 4.380 13.59 58.10 686 3439 110832006 71.70 201.6 167.9 62.16 153.0 478.2 202.6 281.5 10524 1752 12276 10859 16.25 5.320 14.67 62.60 776 3503 114392007 79.60 221.8 175.5 68.71 157.9 527.7 235.7 306.2 11204 1800 13004 11435 17.82 6.320 15.74 68.30 852 3641 119162008 84.90 228.5 179.2 70.97 164.2 551.7 272.4 305.8 11292 1791 13082 11421 19.17 6.740 17.02 73.40 893 3522 116282009 80.30 219.2 169.4 65.60 157.6 558.5 257.7 284.0 10667 1658 12325 10727 19.63 6.120 17.17 69.80 840 3233 109892010 84.10 221.8 182.6 65.03 165.1 612.9 262.9 302.8 11100 1746 12846 11158 21.47 6.460 17.87 71.40 965 3430 11475

2011 86.80 228.1 186.6 67.05 172.3 656.3 272.2 317.3 11461 1774 13235 11463 22.38 6.770 18.16 75.00 1089 3451 117282012 89.70 230.8 189.4 68.25 173.6 685.8 287.1 326.0 11657 1845 13502 11667 23.08 6.500 18.57 75.80 1164 3588 122442013 88.50 235.5 192.8 68.19 178.1 690.9 290.7 325.5 11732 1883 13615 11759 22.49 6.790 19.30 77.00 1242 3650 123332014 93.50 250.4 199.3 69.00 186.3 717.9 302.8 336.4 12126 1966 14091 12155 23.99 7.050 20.48 77.10 1365 3677 129242015 99.00 267.1 209.6 72.70 197.3 766.8 322.2 360.7 12773 2081 14854 12797 25.25 7.640 21.62 79.60 1513 3861 136992016 102.20 270.9 211.3 74.50 194.1 766.4 342.2 356.9 12906 2079 14984 12898 24.84 8.090 22.43 80.20 1519 3800 136192017 106.00 284.5 221.3 76.59 201.6 802.7 368.4 368.5 13293 2117 15410 13221 26.24 8.510 22.49 81.50 1599 3757 137852018 111.00 299.1 226.3 79.67 215.2 843.0 389.1 383.8 13733 2165 15898 13592 27.13 9.120 24.13 86.20 1637 3835 145772019 116.70 311.3 234.3 83.25 228.6 890.3 411.1 393.9 14156 2227 16383 13955 28.40 9.540 25.27 90.30 1667 3927 151362020 122.20 323.4 241.8 86.87 238.8 935.4 432.7 404.6 14605 2296 16901 14359 29.93 9.990 26.52 95.20 1746 4009 15669

2021 127.70 335.4 249.6 90.40 249.3 981.5 454.0 416.5 15058 2366 17423 14765 31.49 10.440 27.83 100.30 1836 4097 16166

1) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 including D_W

22

Output


(National currency; annual percentage change)


1961-1970 8.5 8.4 : 9.9 11.7 14.3 10.4 11.1 9.5 : : 7.7 7.0 10.5 8.7 9.1 : : 10.9 : 10.0

1971-1980 10.5 8.1 : 19.2 19.9 19.2 13.6 19.1 12.9 : : 9.2 15.3 10.9 10.3 21.4 : : 15.4 : 13.0

1981-1990 6.3 5.2 : 10.8 20.4 12.6 8.8 13.3 12.9 : : 9.3 6.5 4.1 6.0 21.2 : : 10.5 : 8.9

1991 4.8 8.4 : 3.8 23.5 9.7 3.6 9.3 4.7 129.5 209.3 10.6 9.8 5.6 7.2 14.7 77.6 15.0 -4.5 : 7.31992 5.0 7.3 : 6.2 15.6 7.7 3.6 5.3 16.0 600.9 721.3 5.6 8.4 4.2 5.6 12.4 191.3 3.9 -2.4 : 5.91993 3.0 2.9 : 8.0 12.6 3.5 1.0 3.1 5.9 46.0 240.3 10.4 7.5 2.9 3.3 4.6 41.0 23.8 1.1 : 2.81994 5.4 4.5 37.4 7.5 13.4 6.4 3.3 5.8 11.5 39.2 45.9 7.5 9.4 5.1 5.0 8.4 29.1 20.5 5.9 5.1 5.01995 3.6 3.6 37.4 13.0 12.1 7.8 3.3 8.0 9.4 14.0 51.3 3.8 11.4 5.2 4.5 8.1 28.0 16.3 8.6 5.3 5.11996 1.8 1.4 28.6 9.8 10.7 6.2 2.8 5.8 3.9 15.3 25.1 5.9 5.1 4.6 3.4 6.0 15.0 11.5 3.6 3.5 3.41997 4.6 2.1 24.3 15.2 11.3 6.1 3.2 4.4 4.9 15.3 20.7 4.7 6.2 7.1 3.4 8.5 13.9 11.0 8.5 4.1 4.11998 3.8 2.7 11.5 15.8 9.2 7.1 4.6 4.3 8.2 11.5 11.1 3.9 6.0 6.8 4.0 8.8 11.0 9.1 8.7 4.7 4.61999 4.2 2.2 6.3 15.3 6.8 7.1 3.6 3.2 7.4 4.4 -2.4 14.8 5.7 6.4 3.8 7.4 12.2 7.1 5.3 4.0 4.02000 5.8 2.4 14.2 17.0 5.6 8.8 5.5 5.6 8.9 9.4 5.2 10.6 8.8 7.8 4.8 7.4 9.4 10.8 7.5 5.3 5.2

1991-2000 4.2 3.7 : 11.1 12.0 7.0 3.4 5.5 8.0 51.4 78.5 7.7 7.8 5.6 4.5 8.6 35.9 12.8 4.1 : 4.7

2001 3.1 3.0 13.1 12.5 7.7 8.2 4.0 5.0 7.8 8.7 6.2 3.0 3.0 6.6 3.2 5.7 12.2 8.5 6.0 4.7 4.72002 3.4 1.2 11.9 11.5 7.4 6.9 3.2 3.5 4.0 12.6 7.1 5.6 5.8 4.0 2.8 5.0 11.4 8.6 2.7 3.4 3.32003 2.9 0.6 11.8 7.1 9.4 7.0 2.7 3.3 8.2 13.8 9.6 4.4 5.5 2.3 2.3 2.5 8.8 11.1 2.2 2.9 2.82004 5.6 2.3 11.8 7.3 8.3 7.1 4.5 4.1 7.9 15.7 9.4 6.7 2.0 3.2 4.5 4.2 7.9 11.3 4.6 4.3 4.22005 4.5 1.1 16.0 9.0 2.9 7.9 3.6 2.8 7.0 23.1 15.2 7.5 6.1 4.1 4.8 4.1 5.4 9.3 3.7 3.6 3.52006 4.9 4.2 19.6 8.7 9.3 8.2 4.7 4.0 7.9 25.8 14.6 12.6 4.6 6.1 5.4 4.9 8.1 11.6 5.0 5.3 5.22007 5.7 4.8 20.9 6.6 6.8 7.1 5.0 4.0 9.4 32.2 20.6 10.0 6.9 5.9 6.0 5.5 11.4 12.1 8.2 5.5 5.32008 2.4 1.9 1.5 -4.8 4.0 3.2 2.6 1.4 8.6 8.0 12.6 2.6 6.4 4.5 3.4 2.1 8.1 8.6 3.8 2.4 2.32009 -1.5 -4.0 -14.6 -9.4 -1.8 -3.6 -2.8 -3.7 -1.8 -22.6 -17.6 -3.0 0.2 -3.5 -1.9 -2.1 -4.4 -6.6 -6.4 -3.6 -3.52010 4.8 4.9 4.6 -1.4 -4.8 0.3 3.0 2.2 3.9 -4.9 3.8 8.7 7.5 2.3 2.7 2.4 0.3 6.2 3.5 2.8 2.8

2001-2010 3.5 2.0 9.2 4.5 4.8 5.2 3.0 2.6 6.2 10.1 7.7 5.7 4.8 3.5 3.3 3.4 6.8 8.0 3.3 3.1 3.0

2011 3.5 5.0 13.2 1.8 -8.4 -0.8 3.2 2.3 2.0 13.1 11.7 7.4 3.5 1.7 4.8 -2.0 1.9 4.6 5.2 2.8 2.72012 2.7 1.9 7.3 2.5 -7.6 -3.1 1.5 -1.5 -1.8 7.9 6.7 2.2 4.9 0.4 2.7 -4.4 -2.2 3.2 1.5 0.4 0.32013 1.7 2.4 5.4 2.6 -5.5 -1.0 1.4 -0.7 -7.4 4.0 5.0 5.4 6.7 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.02014 2.6 4.1 6.0 8.4 -1.1 1.2 1.5 0.9 -3.3 3.7 4.5 7.2 11.3 1.7 2.9 1.5 3.2 2.6 1.3 2.4 2.32015 3.4 3.5 3.0 34.9 -0.8 4.4 2.3 1.7 2.4 3.3 2.1 4.5 13.5 2.7 3.3 3.8 3.2 4.6 2.2 3.5 3.52016 3.3 3.4 4.4 3.4 -0.4 3.4 1.6 2.4 5.9 2.6 4.2 5.4 7.1 2.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 1.6 2.8 2.8 2.82017 3.7 3.5 9.6 9.4 2.1 4.3 2.7 2.4 6.2 6.9 8.7 3.5 9.2 4.2 3.6 5.1 6.5 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.52018 3.0 3.1 9.5 9.1 2.5 3.5 2.5 1.7 5.5 8.8 7.1 5.7 9.0 4.9 4.2 4.1 6.4 6.2 3.8 3.2 3.12019 2.7 2.5 6.7 6.5 2.6 3.3 2.7 0.7 4.4 5.7 7.6 4.8 7.2 4.2 3.4 3.4 5.3 5.2 2.8 2.7 2.62020 2.9 3.1 5.2 5.0 3.2 2.9 2.5 1.4 4.2 5.0 5.8 4.5 6.3 2.8 3.1 3.3 5.2 5.0 2.9 2.8 2.7

2011-2020 3.0 3.3 7.0 8.0 -1.4 1.8 2.2 1.1 1.7 6.1 6.3 5.1 7.8 2.6 3.3 1.9 3.4 3.8 2.8 2.5 2.5

2021 3.0 2.8 5.2 4.8 3.6 2.8 2.4 1.8 4.1 4.9 4.9 4.6 5.9 2.5 3.1 3.4 5.1 5.0 2.9 2.7 2.7

1) 1961-91 D_W 2) Weighted in common currency 3) Weighted in common currency; Former Euro area 12; 1961-91 including D_W

23

Output




1961-1970 : : 11.3 : : : : 9.1 : 7.9 : 9.6 : : : : 12.0 16.4 7.1

1971-1980 : : 12.1 : 8.0 : : 11.8 : 16.6 : 13.5 : : : : 38.2 12.6 10.3

1981-1990 : : 7.9 : 11.2 72.9 3.4 10.0 : 9.9 : 9.1 : : : : 54.0 6.2 7.6

1991 199.0 29.0 4.1 43.9 19.6 44.4 156.9 7.2 : 5.5 : 6.9 : : 81.8 : 60.3 6.0 3.31992 48.0 12.3 3.6 521.2 17.8 42.1 173.6 0.2 : 3.6 : 5.3 : : 1182.0 : 73.5 2.4 5.91993 48.8 23.0 0.6 1355.7 20.6 35.5 232.3 0.5 : 5.3 : 3.1 : : 401.7 : 81.3 0.6 5.21994 75.8 14.1 7.0 141.1 23.0 44.5 148.4 6.7 6.9 5.2 6.7 5.1 : : 147.5 : 95.2 1.0 6.21995 67.0 15.8 4.3 30.8 28.6 36.9 44.9 8.0 6.4 5.0 6.2 5.2 : : 15.8 : 100.7 2.2 4.81996 71.4 14.6 5.0 9.9 22.0 25.1 49.6 2.6 4.5 6.7 4.8 3.9 : : 4.1 96.6 90.3 2.6 5.71997 770.2 7.7 5.3 14.1 24.0 21.0 123.9 4.7 6.3 5.0 6.1 4.2 -0.9 : 5.4 29.6 95.2 1.6 6.21998 39.0 9.6 3.5 10.3 18.2 16.2 45.1 5.1 5.3 4.6 5.2 4.6 16.2 : 4.8 28.6 81.1 -1.2 5.71999 -5.4 4.5 4.7 2.8 11.4 11.1 49.0 5.2 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.1 15.3 : 7.2 15.8 49.1 -1.6 6.32000 12.3 6.1 6.9 8.4 14.5 11.0 46.7 6.4 5.8 5.4 5.7 5.3 13.0 : 13.1 92.1 59.3 1.4 6.5

1991-2000 83.2 13.4 4.5 90.6 19.9 28.1 97.3 4.6 : 5.1 : 4.8 : : 84.9 : 77.8 1.5 5.6

2001 10.2 7.9 3.4 7.8 15.6 4.4 45.2 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.8 4.5 12.4 21.5 1.5 99.7 43.8 -0.7 3.22002 9.9 4.4 2.8 8.9 13.2 3.9 29.7 3.8 3.7 4.5 3.8 3.6 8.3 5.0 2.5 27.1 46.4 -1.3 3.42003 7.5 4.8 1.9 9.9 9.8 4.4 26.0 4.0 3.2 5.6 3.6 3.4 11.0 11.0 3.9 17.4 30.2 -0.1 4.82004 12.5 9.0 4.8 7.8 10.2 10.3 27.5 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.7 4.3 8.8 10.6 4.5 17.9 23.3 1.1 6.62005 14.1 6.6 5.3 7.7 7.0 6.2 17.2 3.6 3.9 5.8 4.2 3.9 9.0 8.7 9.9 21.0 16.8 0.6 6.72006 14.0 7.6 6.1 9.0 7.8 8.0 19.5 6.4 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.3 8.5 18.4 8.6 18.1 17.1 0.5 6.02007 18.4 9.3 3.4 9.6 5.7 11.0 24.2 6.4 5.9 5.1 5.8 5.3 10.6 23.9 11.4 15.7 11.6 0.9 4.62008 14.7 4.8 3.6 7.8 5.9 8.3 26.8 3.0 3.1 2.6 3.0 2.4 11.9 15.4 11.3 15.3 13.0 -2.1 1.82009 0.5 -2.3 -4.4 -4.7 -2.8 6.7 -1.7 -2.0 -3.2 -2.7 -3.1 -3.3 5.9 -3.5 -0.1 4.9 0.4 -6.0 -1.82010 1.7 0.8 5.2 -0.7 3.1 5.3 -0.5 7.2 3.0 3.5 3.1 3.1 8.4 4.4 5.5 6.5 16.1 2.2 3.8

2001-2010 10.2 5.2 3.2 6.2 7.4 6.8 20.6 4.1 3.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 9.5 11.3 5.8 22.3 21.1 -0.5 3.9

2011 8.4 1.8 2.0 1.3 4.0 8.4 5.9 4.2 3.0 3.6 3.1 2.9 4.9 4.5 6.1 11.1 20.2 -1.8 3.72012 1.9 0.6 2.6 -0.8 1.7 4.0 6.2 0.4 0.6 3.2 1.0 0.8 2.5 -2.6 0.5 5.5 12.6 0.7 4.22013 -0.4 0.9 1.8 0.3 5.0 1.7 7.0 2.0 1.2 4.1 1.6 1.6 1.3 5.7 7.5 8.2 15.3 1.7 3.62014 2.4 5.3 2.7 -0.1 7.9 3.8 5.2 4.5 2.6 4.5 2.9 2.8 3.4 2.8 5.1 1.0 13.0 2.1 4.42015 6.5 6.5 2.8 2.4 6.4 4.6 6.6 6.7 3.8 3.0 3.6 3.5 2.8 5.7 5.9 3.6 14.4 3.4 4.02016 6.4 3.7 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.4 7.4 3.9 2.9 4.1 3.2 3.1 2.7 8.2 6.4 4.9 11.5 0.9 2.72017 7.6 5.9 3.7 4.1 8.2 6.9 12.1 4.6 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.6 5.4 8.7 3.7 5.2 19.2 1.7 4.32018 7.2 5.6 2.1 4.4 9.9 6.3 10.1 4.6 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.2 5.1 8.5 7.1 6.6 19.7 0.7 5.42019 8.2 5.2 3.5 4.9 9.0 7.0 11.7 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.8 5.0 3.9 5.3 5.6 14.0 1.3 4.12020 6.1 4.6 3.3 5.1 6.6 6.5 8.2 2.6 3.1 3.6 3.2 2.9 5.9 4.5 5.0 6.2 14.3 0.9 3.6

2011-2020 5.4 4.0 2.8 2.5 6.2 5.3 8.0 3.7 2.8 3.6 2.9 2.7 3.9 4.9 5.3 5.8 15.4 1.2 4.0

2021 5.6 3.9 3.6 5.0 5.9 6.5 7.8 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1 2.8 5.9 4.7 5.7 6.3 13.6 1.4 3.3

1) Weighted in common currency; EU excluding UK 2) Weighted in common currency 3) Weighted in common currency; Former EU-15; 1961-91 including D_W

24

Output

8. Gross domestic product at current market prices per head of population

(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))


1960 118.8 122.3 : 64.1 46.9 37.6 120.1 70.5 45.0 : : 193.9 41.3 104.5 85.1 35.3 : : 107.2 : 90.9

1965 112.4 120.9 : 63.0 53.2 47.6 120.5 77.9 42.6 : : 162.6 30.7 109.1 82.0 34.8 : : 112.4 : 93.9

1970 114.1 128.2 : 60.7 60.3 49.5 115.3 84.7 40.0 : : 170.1 31.9 118.1 83.1 38.5 : : 99.4 : 97.1

1975 123.8 130.3 : 55.4 57.6 60.2 122.9 75.1 28.6 : : 162.7 29.5 134.9 97.4 42.0 : : 114.8 : 100.1

1980 120.0 128.5 : 60.3 54.8 57.8 118.6 78.4 46.9 : : 159.5 39.9 128.7 101.4 31.6 : : 104.9 : 97.8

1985 100.2 122.7 : 69.7 54.5 53.6 111.8 90.9 49.1 : : 148.0 33.2 113.7 105.1 30.7 : : 130.3 : 96.0

1990 99.8 121.1 : 68.2 46.5 66.9 105.5 100.6 52.2 : : 167.8 35.4 103.1 105.0 38.4 : : 137.4 : 97.9

1991 98.5 121.9 : 66.2 47.7 69.3 101.5 102.6 50.9 : : 173.1 36.6 101.7 104.9 42.1 29.2 : 119.2 : 97.8

1991 100.2 111.4 : 67.4 48.6 70.6 103.3 104.4 51.8 : : 176.3 37.2 103.6 106.8 42.9 29.7 : 121.4 : 97.41992 102.7 116.4 : 69.3 49.0 70.8 104.7 101.9 55.5 3.0 2.6 180.0 37.4 105.1 109.4 47.6 29.4 : 97.9 : 98.71993 108.4 124.4 5.8 71.0 50.6 64.8 108.8 91.1 57.5 5.0 3.7 201.6 36.7 112.4 117.1 46.2 33.0 12.6 85.5 95.0 99.41994 111.6 125.2 7.8 73.7 51.0 61.8 108.3 88.9 60.1 8.1 5.6 209.2 38.1 113.6 118.2 45.9 35.5 13.7 93.6 94.8 99.11995 114.7 128.4 10.9 77.6 52.3 62.5 108.6 83.4 61.6 8.8 7.5 212.9 39.5 118.2 122.5 47.9 43.4 15.1 106.1 95.8 99.91996 109.1 121.7 13.3 83.0 54.6 64.0 106.7 91.6 60.1 9.6 9.2 208.5 39.7 115.1 118.3 48.4 42.9 16.0 102.4 95.1 99.11997 104.9 114.7 15.5 95.5 56.7 62.2 102.4 92.2 60.0 11.3 11.9 198.5 41.7 112.8 112.8 48.9 44.1 17.2 104.3 92.3 96.01998 103.9 112.8 16.7 99.4 55.3 63.2 102.5 91.5 61.9 12.2 13.0 195.0 42.3 114.4 112.2 50.0 45.8 17.3 106.7 92.0 95.61999 103.7 110.7 17.2 108.0 56.9 64.6 101.4 90.4 62.7 12.9 12.8 211.8 43.3 116.1 111.7 51.2 46.8 15.8 107.6 91.5 95.12000 102.7 106.3 18.1 117.0 54.3 65.6 99.7 89.5 63.9 14.9 14.7 216.9 46.3 116.5 109.5 51.2 45.1 17.0 108.2 90.1 93.5

2001 102.0 105.8 19.9 125.3 55.6 68.3 99.6 90.9 65.7 15.9 15.7 213.6 45.9 119.2 108.9 52.0 46.3 17.6 110.7 90.9 94.32002 102.1 104.0 21.8 133.5 57.9 69.9 99.2 91.3 65.8 16.9 17.0 217.0 46.2 119.8 108.3 52.8 48.3 18.9 110.2 90.9 94.32003 103.6 103.7 24.3 139.3 62.6 72.7 100.2 92.9 68.5 17.5 18.7 221.4 46.0 120.9 109.2 53.4 50.3 21.4 111.3 92.1 95.42004 104.6 102.0 26.3 141.0 64.9 73.6 99.8 92.2 70.3 18.9 19.8 223.7 44.6 119.4 108.9 53.3 50.9 23.7 111.5 91.8 94.92005 105.4 100.2 29.7 145.7 64.6 75.7 99.6 91.4 72.5 21.8 22.5 229.7 45.4 120.2 110.0 53.8 51.8 26.1 111.8 91.7 94.72006 104.7 99.8 34.1 147.2 67.2 76.9 98.7 90.3 73.6 26.4 25.0 242.9 45.2 121.5 110.1 53.7 53.3 28.7 111.6 91.7 94.52007 105.1 100.3 39.7 145.6 68.4 77.3 98.6 89.3 74.5 33.5 29.2 251.4 46.0 122.8 111.3 54.1 56.5 33.9 115.0 92.1 94.72008 107.8 103.5 40.8 137.1 71.7 79.2 101.6 90.7 79.3 36.8 33.6 255.8 49.1 129.2 115.9 55.7 61.6 40.1 120.0 94.8 97.32009 111.7 105.8 37.0 130.5 74.5 80.3 104.2 92.2 80.5 30.6 29.6 258.4 51.8 131.6 120.2 57.8 61.8 41.2 118.5 96.6 99.32010 112.0 107.3 37.4 123.6 68.3 77.4 103.1 90.5 78.6 28.5 30.3 265.9 53.5 129.2 118.9 57.1 59.6 42.1 117.8 95.6 98.2

2011 112.1 110.0 41.5 122.3 61.1 74.6 103.3 90.0 76.3 32.2 33.8 272.4 53.8 127.7 121.2 54.7 59.2 43.3 120.5 95.7 98.12012 112.5 110.0 43.9 122.8 55.8 71.1 102.5 86.8 72.5 35.0 36.0 267.5 55.0 125.6 121.9 51.6 56.8 43.8 119.7 94.2 96.52013 113.3 111.8 46.3 124.8 52.9 70.3 102.9 85.3 67.0 36.4 38.0 273.6 57.6 126.1 122.6 52.3 56.8 44.1 120.5 94.5 96.82014 112.1 112.4 47.7 130.2 51.0 69.1 100.8 83.2 63.5 36.9 38.8 277.5 60.8 123.8 121.3 51.7 56.8 43.8 117.8 93.5 95.72015 109.8 109.9 46.9 165.8 48.5 68.8 97.8 80.7 62.3 36.6 38.1 270.8 64.2 120.7 118.2 51.4 55.8 43.6 114.3 91.9 94.12016 112.5 112.4 48.7 169.0 48.4 70.8 98.7 82.6 65.5 37.8 40.1 277.4 67.1 122.9 120.8 53.3 57.7 44.1 116.9 93.9 96.12017 113.9 113.7 52.3 179.2 48.5 72.3 99.1 83.1 67.5 40.0 43.3 275.6 69.9 124.8 121.9 55.1 60.3 45.0 118.7 95.1 97.32018 113.9 114.0 55.8 188.4 48.7 72.7 98.8 82.6 68.7 42.8 45.7 278.7 72.2 126.9 123.3 56.0 62.4 46.6 120.1 95.6 97.62019 113.8 113.8 57.9 193.7 49.0 72.9 99.0 81.2 69.5 44.5 48.3 279.3 73.8 128.4 124.0 56.6 63.8 47.8 120.4 95.7 97.62020 113.6 114.1 59.3 196.8 49.6 72.6 98.7 80.3 70.0 45.9 50.1 279.1 75.0 128.1 124.0 57.0 65.2 48.9 120.7 95.7 97.6

2021 113.7 114.3 60.7 199.8 50.4 72.3 98.4 79.8 70.5 47.3 51.6 280.0 76.4 127.6 124.2 57.5 66.8 50.0 121.1 95.7 97.5

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 D_W 4) ; 1960-91 including D_W 5) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

25

Output


(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))


1960 : : 125.5 : : : : 187.8 : 126.0 : 100.0 : : : : 33.2 44.4 270.2

1965 : : 135.6 : : : : 186.6 : 112.1 : 100.0 : : : : 31.4 56.9 225.8

1970 : : 139.5 : : : : 186.3 : 97.6 : 100.0 : : : : 28.8 81.3 211.1

1975 : : 147.1 : : : : 182.1 : 83.2 : 100.0 : : : : 29.5 86.5 143.3

1980 : : 129.5 : 21.3 15.6 16.1 155.6 : 99.8 : 100.0 : : : : 21.1 87.0 116.7

1985 : : 140.3 : 39.2 39.0 43.2 153.4 : 107.7 : 100.0 : : : : 17.9 131.5 206.5

1990 10.3 14.9 130.3 : 9.9 5.2 5.2 145.4 : 100.6 : 100.0 : : : : 18.1 122.2 115.1

1991 3.9 14.1 126.4 : 10.2 6.8 4.0 146.6 : 101.4 : 100.0 : : : : 17.4 134.1 113.4

1991 4.0 14.4 128.7 : 10.4 6.9 4.1 149.2 : 103.2 : 100.0 : : : : 17.7 136.5 115.51992 3.8 14.6 130.0 : 9.7 6.4 2.4 142.4 : 97.8 : 100.0 : : : : 16.8 136.4 111.21993 9.0 19.4 134.2 10.9 18.8 12.2 6.0 117.7 77.4 97.3 79.8 100.0 : : : : 20.8 172.8 128.11994 7.7 21.2 138.2 14.6 19.2 13.3 6.4 119.1 77.5 98.5 80.1 100.0 : : 8.4 : 13.9 179.1 127.01995 9.1 23.4 142.8 19.4 18.1 15.0 6.7 121.4 78.7 93.3 80.4 100.0 : : 9.7 : 15.8 174.1 115.71996 5.9 25.8 141.5 20.5 18.0 16.6 6.5 130.0 78.5 96.6 80.7 100.0 3.8 : 9.3 : 16.4 151.5 118.71997 5.8 25.3 138.7 22.2 19.4 17.6 6.7 127.2 76.5 112.9 80.9 100.0 2.8 : 8.3 : 18.0 147.0 132.61998 7.5 26.5 136.9 23.0 19.4 18.6 7.6 124.4 76.5 115.6 81.2 100.0 3.1 : 7.7 : 18.0 130.2 134.41999 6.8 25.9 137.4 21.2 19.7 18.2 6.6 126.3 76.1 117.8 81.1 100.0 4.1 : 7.9 10.6 16.6 147.3 141.62000 7.3 26.7 136.9 21.5 20.6 20.0 7.4 131.2 75.4 125.4 81.5 100.0 5.1 7.3 8.3 4.1 19.0 170.5 161.4

2001 8.0 29.3 136.4 24.0 23.4 22.0 8.0 120.1 76.3 123.1 82.0 100.0 5.7 8.6 8.1 7.7 13.6 149.6 164.52002 8.6 33.0 136.3 25.6 27.3 21.2 8.7 122.0 76.7 123.2 82.4 100.0 5.8 8.7 8.1 9.4 14.6 131.9 155.12003 9.2 33.1 137.2 27.3 28.5 19.3 9.1 125.7 77.7 116.5 82.5 100.0 6.2 9.5 8.3 10.2 15.8 117.5 133.32004 10.0 34.5 137.6 28.5 30.4 19.8 10.3 125.8 77.8 119.2 82.8 100.0 7.0 10.1 8.3 10.3 17.6 111.0 123.02005 11.1 38.2 139.9 30.1 32.1 23.0 13.2 123.8 78.4 120.4 83.5 100.0 7.7 10.6 8.8 10.7 20.9 106.3 126.12006 12.1 41.0 140.9 31.6 31.0 24.5 15.6 125.4 78.8 120.9 84.0 100.0 8.1 12.0 9.1 11.9 21.4 95.5 125.12007 13.8 43.5 138.9 33.1 33.0 26.8 19.9 126.7 79.8 120.0 84.7 100.0 8.5 14.2 9.7 13.9 22.8 83.4 113.62008 16.0 50.8 144.4 36.6 35.4 31.5 23.4 125.8 82.9 106.0 85.8 100.0 9.8 16.5 10.9 15.9 24.1 87.2 107.82009 17.2 49.3 145.8 36.5 32.8 28.7 21.4 117.4 83.7 97.1 85.4 100.0 10.3 16.9 11.5 15.4 22.3 101.7 117.42010 17.0 50.1 147.3 35.3 33.3 31.6 20.8 134.1 83.6 100.0 85.7 100.0 10.4 16.9 11.6 14.5 26.7 112.5 122.6

2011 18.4 51.2 145.9 34.3 33.4 32.4 21.5 142.9 84.1 99.1 85.9 100.0 10.5 17.3 12.0 16.1 26.3 113.0 117.32012 18.5 49.5 146.7 33.2 32.4 32.6 21.4 145.2 83.0 106.8 86.0 100.0 10.7 16.5 11.9 15.1 29.1 121.2 129.32013 18.5 48.2 147.9 33.0 33.1 32.9 23.1 147.1 83.4 105.0 86.1 100.0 10.7 17.4 12.7 16.3 30.1 97.0 128.12014 18.5 46.3 146.4 31.8 33.4 33.2 23.5 140.3 82.6 111.2 86.2 100.0 10.7 17.3 12.9 15.5 28.3 88.9 128.72015 18.8 47.3 142.3 31.3 33.8 33.1 24.0 137.3 81.4 120.1 86.3 100.0 10.6 17.4 13.0 14.9 29.3 91.6 151.62016 20.1 49.3 145.4 32.9 34.7 32.8 25.5 138.8 83.2 109.6 86.6 100.0 11.0 18.8 13.8 15.4 29.1 103.1 154.52017 21.4 52.4 147.0 34.2 37.2 35.2 27.8 138.1 84.6 103.6 87.1 100.0 11.7 20.0 14.0 16.2 27.2 97.7 153.82018 22.6 55.3 145.5 35.4 38.7 36.5 29.4 130.9 85.2 102.9 87.5 100.0 12.6 21.2 14.6 17.3 22.7 93.5 150.42019 24.0 56.4 146.2 36.5 40.4 37.8 31.7 126.5 85.5 103.5 87.9 100.0 13.4 21.5 15.0 18.0 22.3 99.2 160.22020 25.0 57.2 146.6 37.5 41.2 39.3 33.6 123.0 85.8 104.4 88.2 100.0 13.9 21.8 15.4 18.8 24.1 99.8 162.7

2021 26.0 57.9 147.6 38.5 42.7 40.9 35.6 122.6 86.1 104.6 88.5 100.0 14.4 22.0 15.8 19.7 26.4 99.1 162.9

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 4) 1960-91 including D_W

26

Output


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 100.8 130.8 : 68.2 58.4 62.2 93.9 87.9 : : : 163.3 : 123.3 102.1 44.1 : : 86.4 : 95.7

1965 101.2 127.2 : 65.6 71.2 71.8 95.2 92.3 : : : 150.9 : 118.5 98.5 48.7 : : 86.5 : 97.7

1970 101.9 122.0 : 65.3 82.5 74.8 97.4 101.3 : : : 141.6 : 118.2 100.9 52.2 : : 87.8 : 99.9

1975 105.5 119.0 : 68.0 90.4 80.7 100.0 99.7 : : : 141.3 : 117.2 106.4 54.9 : : 95.3 : 100.8

1980 107.0 123.1 : 69.1 90.9 73.4 100.8 104.4 : : : 138.3 : 112.3 109.6 57.7 : : 96.3 : 101.6

1985 104.8 124.2 : 70.4 83.0 71.7 99.2 104.5 : : : 145.4 : 108.4 109.9 55.7 : : 100.9 : 100.5

1990 104.2 121.7 : 76.8 74.2 76.3 98.4 104.4 73.2 47.6 49.6 172.9 : 107.0 108.6 65.0 69.0 : 101.3 : 100.6

1991 104.3 124.6 : 76.8 74.6 77.0 97.6 104.5 70.9 41.3 46.1 182.9 57.2 107.3 109.7 66.5 62.0 : 93.5 : 101.2

1991 106.1 113.8 : 78.1 75.9 78.4 99.3 106.3 72.1 42.0 46.9 186.1 58.2 109.1 111.7 67.6 63.1 : 95.2 : 100.81992 106.5 114.3 : 79.6 75.3 78.1 99.7 106.2 76.5 28.7 36.7 185.5 59.9 109.3 111.9 69.3 59.3 35.9 90.8 : 100.91993 105.8 113.3 29.8 82.0 74.1 77.4 99.2 105.9 75.7 26.1 31.1 191.8 62.3 110.6 112.3 69.2 61.5 38.6 90.3 97.3 100.51994 106.3 113.0 29.2 84.5 73.5 77.0 98.8 105.5 76.6 26.5 27.6 191.6 63.8 110.6 111.9 68.4 63.4 39.9 91.3 97.1 100.21995 106.4 112.2 30.4 90.1 73.1 77.2 98.5 106.1 81.0 26.1 28.1 187.7 65.8 111.1 112.3 68.3 64.6 41.2 92.8 97.1 100.11996 104.1 110.8 31.3 94.1 73.9 77.7 97.7 105.5 79.2 26.5 29.2 189.3 66.8 112.2 112.4 68.3 65.4 43.0 91.9 96.6 99.61997 104.3 108.7 34.9 99.7 75.4 78.7 97.8 104.9 78.1 28.4 31.1 188.1 67.8 114.3 111.7 69.4 67.1 44.3 95.8 96.5 99.31998 102.6 107.5 35.4 105.5 75.9 80.4 98.4 105.3 79.0 29.7 32.7 186.7 67.7 116.7 112.3 70.3 67.6 44.7 99.3 96.9 99.71999 103.2 107.5 34.4 109.5 74.9 80.9 98.6 103.8 79.7 30.0 31.7 204.9 68.2 118.7 111.9 71.8 69.2 43.4 100.4 97.0 99.72000 105.8 104.5 35.8 114.9 74.3 82.2 99.3 103.0 81.0 30.5 32.2 210.3 69.6 121.3 111.8 71.8 68.5 43.2 101.9 96.7 99.4

2001 104.8 104.3 37.5 118.5 76.3 83.7 100.1 102.0 83.2 32.8 34.4 203.3 67.0 120.8 108.1 71.1 69.0 45.1 101.2 96.8 99.42002 106.1 103.4 40.8 123.3 79.2 85.4 99.9 100.6 82.5 35.2 36.8 205.7 68.6 120.7 109.2 71.3 70.9 46.6 100.2 96.8 99.32003 106.3 104.0 45.0 124.7 82.1 86.1 96.8 100.2 83.5 37.9 41.5 206.3 71.5 117.4 110.5 71.7 72.5 48.7 99.9 96.5 98.82004 105.7 104.7 47.8 127.7 84.0 86.3 95.9 97.2 85.6 40.3 43.0 211.2 70.4 118.1 111.4 70.8 75.1 50.1 102.9 96.3 98.52005 106.2 103.2 53.1 129.5 81.9 88.4 97.7 96.1 88.9 44.3 46.5 218.2 71.3 120.5 112.2 72.8 76.4 53.1 102.6 96.7 98.72006 104.7 102.9 57.2 131.5 84.7 91.3 96.4 95.9 89.1 46.8 49.0 231.5 69.0 121.7 111.8 73.3 76.3 56.0 102.3 96.9 98.82007 103.9 104.1 62.6 132.1 82.8 91.7 96.4 95.8 92.9 51.2 54.0 237.0 70.4 124.1 111.3 72.7 77.8 59.7 106.8 97.5 99.32008 103.4 104.9 62.2 120.6 84.2 90.7 95.8 96.2 95.0 53.1 56.6 236.3 71.5 126.7 112.7 72.8 80.7 64.4 109.4 97.8 99.42009 106.0 105.2 57.8 116.7 85.2 90.1 97.4 96.4 95.1 47.5 50.9 230.7 73.4 125.1 114.9 74.3 77.2 64.4 106.6 98.0 99.72010 108.6 108.1 59.3 118.0 76.7 86.4 97.9 94.9 91.1 47.9 54.6 233.1 75.8 122.8 114.5 74.3 75.8 68.1 106.2 97.8 99.4

2011 107.9 111.7 65.0 117.8 68.6 83.7 98.3 95.0 87.5 52.0 59.9 241.1 75.1 122.4 116.8 70.3 76.0 68.4 107.4 98.2 99.72012 110.1 112.5 67.8 120.1 65.6 82.3 97.8 93.4 82.6 55.3 63.9 237.4 76.4 122.6 120.6 68.6 75.4 69.9 106.0 97.9 99.32013 109.9 112.9 69.3 120.3 65.5 81.4 99.2 90.5 76.2 56.9 67.0 239.0 78.0 123.6 120.3 70.1 75.2 70.2 104.1 97.8 99.22014 110.1 114.9 71.2 125.0 65.6 82.0 98.1 88.5 73.5 58.3 68.8 246.8 81.6 120.4 119.3 70.3 75.5 70.9 102.1 97.8 99.12015 110.2 113.4 70.0 164.4 64.0 83.1 97.1 87.7 75.4 59.0 68.5 246.7 86.0 119.6 118.8 70.5 75.2 71.2 101.1 97.7 99.02016 110.1 113.6 70.9 162.0 62.6 83.9 96.5 89.9 78.9 59.4 69.6 247.2 87.9 117.8 118.8 71.2 76.1 70.7 101.0 98.1 99.32017 109.7 113.4 73.5 169.2 62.3 84.8 96.1 89.8 80.3 61.3 72.6 240.7 90.3 118.7 117.5 71.4 78.8 70.3 101.8 98.3 99.52018 109.8 113.2 76.8 177.2 63.1 84.7 96.3 89.2 82.1 64.6 75.3 241.3 91.1 120.1 118.4 71.2 81.0 72.0 103.3 98.6 99.62019 109.6 112.5 78.4 183.5 64.0 85.0 96.6 88.6 83.2 66.2 78.1 240.3 92.5 120.4 118.6 72.1 81.9 73.2 103.7 98.6 99.72020 109.1 112.4 79.2 186.8 65.3 85.0 96.7 88.2 83.9 67.8 79.7 239.4 93.7 120.3 118.7 72.7 83.1 74.3 103.8 98.7 99.7

2021 108.7 112.3 80.2 189.7 66.4 84.7 96.7 88.1 84.4 69.5 81.5 239.1 94.9 120.2 118.7 73.3 84.4 75.6 103.7 98.8 99.7

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

27

Output


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 : : 114.6 : : : : 132.1 : 113.4 : 100.0 : : : : 52.5 54.8 156.1

1965 : : 115.8 : : : : 133.8 : 104.3 : 100.0 : : : : 47.5 65.8 151.0

1970 : : 112.0 : : : : 127.9 : 95.5 : 100.0 : : : : 46.9 84.9 138.2

1975 : : 104.7 : : : : 125.9 : 92.1 : 100.0 : : : : 48.4 87.0 132.0

1980 : : 102.9 : : : : 116.8 : 89.7 : 100.0 : : : : 42.7 89.8 130.8

1985 : : 110.3 : : : : 119.1 : 93.7 : 100.0 : : : : 44.7 100.0 137.3

1990 : 70.0 101.8 : : 34.6 29.2 113.0 : 95.0 : 100.0 : : 32.8 : 46.2 107.9 133.1

1991 38.4 62.6 101.5 : 43.9 31.7 25.3 109.5 : 92.4 : 100.0 : : 30.1 : 45.3 109.7 129.5

1991 39.1 63.6 103.3 : 44.7 32.2 25.7 111.4 : 94.0 : 100.0 : : 30.6 : 46.0 111.6 131.81992 36.4 61.7 104.2 : 43.4 32.7 23.5 108.6 : 93.4 : 100.0 : : 27.2 : 47.6 111.3 133.61993 36.3 62.8 104.5 : 43.5 34.1 24.1 106.4 : 96.1 : 100.0 : : 25.1 : 51.0 111.9 136.41994 36.3 62.8 107.2 : 43.8 35.0 24.5 107.3 : 97.2 : 100.0 : : 24.7 : 46.3 109.9 136.91995 36.7 65.2 107.6 37.4 43.6 36.7 25.7 108.7 84.3 97.4 85.9 100.0 : : 23.7 : 47.9 110.3 136.01996 31.3 66.8 108.6 39.5 42.8 38.1 26.3 108.8 84.1 100.1 86.0 100.0 : : 23.4 : 49.5 111.5 137.11997 25.3 64.7 109.5 41.5 43.2 39.6 24.5 108.3 84.0 101.3 86.1 100.0 11.3 : 23.0 : 51.2 109.8 138.11998 26.0 62.8 108.7 41.1 43.8 40.3 23.3 108.2 84.3 99.5 86.1 100.0 11.8 : 22.9 : 37.6 105.0 138.21999 23.6 62.1 108.1 39.7 44.1 41.1 22.7 110.7 84.4 99.0 86.1 100.0 13.6 : 23.2 : 34.9 102.1 139.82000 24.4 61.5 109.1 40.3 45.1 40.5 22.3 112.1 84.2 100.5 86.2 100.0 14.8 23.1 23.4 22.9 35.9 101.6 138.2

2001 25.6 63.8 107.2 42.5 48.1 40.4 23.4 108.3 84.5 101.0 86.5 100.0 15.7 24.9 22.0 23.6 33.1 99.5 135.02002 27.2 63.7 107.3 44.4 50.9 41.3 25.2 107.7 84.9 101.8 87.0 100.0 16.3 25.1 22.3 25.3 32.3 98.3 133.02003 28.8 66.8 105.9 46.6 53.2 42.2 26.0 108.7 85.1 104.1 87.4 100.0 17.2 25.5 22.7 26.3 32.7 99.3 135.72004 30.1 68.6 108.7 47.9 53.6 44.0 29.6 110.9 85.5 105.6 87.9 100.0 17.9 26.1 23.7 28.0 35.5 99.8 137.52005 32.6 70.2 109.4 49.0 54.7 44.5 30.7 109.0 86.0 104.6 88.3 100.0 18.8 26.9 25.1 29.4 37.7 101.0 141.02006 33.4 70.5 110.8 51.7 54.5 45.0 34.3 111.2 86.6 103.3 88.7 100.0 19.5 31.1 25.8 30.3 40.1 97.9 137.42007 35.6 73.7 110.2 54.6 53.8 47.5 38.7 114.7 87.8 100.6 89.4 100.0 20.6 35.2 26.4 31.7 41.6 97.1 135.42008 38.4 75.6 112.6 56.8 56.5 50.0 45.8 114.5 88.8 100.0 90.2 100.0 22.5 37.7 28.7 34.5 43.4 94.6 131.82009 39.1 77.1 113.2 56.2 58.0 53.6 46.7 112.7 89.4 98.3 90.5 100.0 24.7 36.6 30.9 35.2 43.0 92.8 132.02010 39.8 75.1 117.2 53.8 58.8 56.7 46.2 115.0 89.6 99.1 90.8 100.0 26.2 37.2 31.0 34.9 47.0 95.0 131.9

2011 41.1 75.6 116.6 54.4 60.1 59.3 47.0 116.9 90.3 97.5 91.2 100.0 26.8 38.0 30.7 36.1 51.1 93.4 130.82012 42.1 75.4 116.2 54.8 60.0 61.1 49.1 117.5 90.4 99.4 91.6 100.0 27.3 36.0 30.9 36.1 53.1 95.9 133.72013 41.6 76.5 117.3 54.6 61.5 61.3 49.7 115.8 90.4 100.3 91.7 100.0 26.5 37.3 31.9 36.7 55.7 97.1 133.12014 42.9 78.9 117.1 53.9 62.6 61.9 50.4 115.0 90.6 100.9 91.9 100.0 27.5 37.6 32.8 35.8 58.6 95.1 134.52015 43.6 80.1 116.7 54.4 63.4 63.1 51.4 116.4 90.9 101.1 92.2 100.0 27.7 38.8 33.0 35.5 61.2 95.4 135.02016 45.2 80.8 116.3 56.0 62.3 62.9 54.7 113.4 91.3 99.8 92.4 100.0 27.2 41.0 34.1 35.8 60.4 93.8 132.82017 46.2 82.9 118.4 56.9 63.5 64.5 58.0 113.0 91.9 98.9 92.8 100.0 28.2 42.2 33.5 35.8 61.4 90.9 130.72018 47.6 84.7 117.6 58.4 66.3 66.1 60.2 113.6 92.5 98.1 93.2 100.0 28.5 44.1 35.0 37.2 60.5 90.8 134.02019 49.2 85.8 118.5 60.0 68.9 68.2 62.5 112.8 93.0 98.0 93.6 100.0 29.2 45.1 35.8 38.2 59.4 91.0 135.02020 50.7 86.6 118.7 61.2 70.3 69.9 64.6 111.9 93.4 98.0 94.0 100.0 30.1 46.0 36.6 39.5 59.9 90.8 135.3

2021 52.0 87.5 119.1 62.3 71.8 71.6 66.5 111.3 93.8 97.9 94.3 100.0 30.9 46.2 37.4 40.8 60.6 90.9 135.2

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 including D_W

28

Output

10. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 4.9 4.4 : 4.2 8.5 7.3 5.7 6.4 : : : 3.5 : 5.1 4.7 5.8 : : 4.8 : 5.5

1971-1980 3.4 2.9 : 4.7 4.6 3.5 3.6 3.4 : : : 2.6 : 3.0 3.6 4.9 : : 4.0 : 3.3

1981-1990 2.0 2.3 : 3.6 0.7 2.9 2.5 2.2 : : : 5.0 : 2.2 2.2 3.6 : : 3.1 : 2.4

1991 1.8 5.1 : 1.9 3.1 2.5 1.0 1.4 0.7 -12.6 -5.7 8.6 : 2.4 3.4 3.4 -8.9 : -5.9 : 2.51992 1.5 1.9 : 3.3 0.7 0.9 1.6 0.7 9.7 -32.1 -21.3 1.8 4.7 1.7 2.1 3.1 -5.5 : -3.3 : 1.41993 -1.0 -1.0 : 2.7 -1.6 -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 0.7 -11.4 -16.2 4.2 4.5 1.3 0.5 -0.7 2.8 7.1 -0.7 : -0.71994 3.2 2.4 -1.6 5.8 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.1 5.9 2.2 -9.8 3.8 5.7 3.0 2.4 1.5 5.3 6.2 3.9 2.4 2.41995 2.4 1.5 4.5 9.8 2.1 2.8 2.1 2.7 9.9 -0.9 3.3 1.4 6.2 3.1 2.7 2.3 4.1 5.8 4.2 2.3 2.31996 1.3 0.8 4.9 7.4 2.9 2.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 2.5 5.1 1.4 4.0 3.5 2.3 3.5 3.2 6.6 3.7 1.6 1.61997 3.8 1.8 13.0 10.9 4.5 3.7 2.3 1.8 2.6 8.9 8.3 5.7 4.9 4.3 2.1 4.4 5.0 5.9 6.3 2.6 2.61998 2.0 2.0 4.3 8.7 3.9 4.4 3.6 1.8 6.1 6.4 7.5 6.0 3.4 4.7 3.6 4.8 3.3 4.1 5.5 3.0 3.01999 3.5 1.9 -0.4 10.5 3.1 4.5 3.4 1.6 5.0 2.8 -1.1 8.5 4.1 5.0 3.6 3.9 5.3 -0.1 4.4 2.9 2.92000 3.7 2.9 10.1 9.4 3.9 5.2 3.9 3.8 6.0 5.6 3.8 8.2 6.4 4.2 3.4 3.8 3.7 1.2 5.8 3.8 3.8

1991-2000 2.2 1.9 : 7.0 2.4 2.8 2.1 1.6 4.7 -3.7 -3.1 4.9 : 3.3 2.6 3.0 1.7 : 2.3 : 2.2

2001 1.1 1.7 6.0 5.3 4.1 3.9 2.0 2.0 4.0 6.3 6.5 2.5 0.6 2.3 1.3 1.9 3.2 3.3 2.6 2.2 2.12002 1.7 -0.2 6.8 5.9 3.9 2.7 1.1 0.3 3.7 7.1 6.8 3.8 3.0 0.2 1.7 0.8 3.5 4.5 1.7 0.9 0.92003 1.0 -0.7 7.6 3.0 5.8 3.0 0.8 0.1 2.6 8.4 10.5 1.6 2.5 0.2 0.9 -0.9 3.0 5.5 2.0 0.6 0.62004 3.6 1.2 6.8 6.7 5.1 3.1 2.8 1.4 5.0 8.3 6.6 3.6 0.4 2.0 2.7 1.8 4.4 5.3 4.0 2.3 2.22005 2.3 0.7 9.5 5.7 0.6 3.7 1.7 0.8 4.9 10.7 7.7 3.2 3.8 2.1 2.2 0.8 3.8 6.6 2.8 1.7 1.62006 2.6 3.8 9.7 5.1 5.7 4.1 2.4 1.8 4.7 11.9 7.4 5.2 1.8 3.5 3.5 1.6 5.7 8.5 4.0 3.2 3.12007 3.7 3.0 7.6 5.3 3.3 3.6 2.4 1.5 5.1 10.0 11.1 8.4 4.0 3.8 3.7 2.5 7.0 10.8 5.3 3.0 2.92008 0.4 1.0 -5.1 -4.5 -0.3 0.9 0.3 -1.0 3.6 -3.3 2.6 -1.3 3.3 2.2 1.5 0.3 3.5 5.6 0.8 0.4 0.42009 -2.0 -5.7 -14.4 -5.1 -4.3 -3.8 -2.9 -5.3 -2.0 -14.2 -14.8 -4.4 -2.5 -3.7 -3.8 -3.1 -7.5 -5.5 -8.1 -4.5 -4.42010 2.9 4.2 2.7 1.8 -5.5 0.2 1.9 1.7 2.0 -4.5 1.5 4.9 3.5 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.3 5.7 3.2 2.1 2.1

2001-2010 1.7 0.9 3.4 2.8 1.8 2.1 1.3 0.3 3.3 3.7 4.3 2.7 2.0 1.4 1.5 0.7 2.7 5.0 1.8 1.2 1.1

2011 1.7 3.9 7.4 0.3 -9.1 -0.8 2.2 0.7 0.4 6.3 6.0 2.5 1.3 1.6 2.9 -1.7 0.9 2.9 2.5 1.7 1.72012 0.7 0.4 3.1 0.2 -7.3 -3.0 0.3 -3.0 -3.4 4.1 3.8 -0.4 2.8 -1.0 0.7 -4.1 -2.6 1.9 -1.4 -0.9 -0.92013 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.4 -3.2 -1.4 0.6 -1.8 -6.6 2.3 3.6 3.7 4.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.9 -1.0 0.7 -0.9 -0.2 -0.32014 1.6 2.2 3.0 8.6 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.0 -1.9 1.9 3.5 4.3 8.7 1.4 0.7 0.8 2.8 2.8 -0.4 1.4 1.42015 2.0 1.7 1.8 25.2 -0.4 3.8 1.1 0.8 3.4 3.3 2.0 4.3 10.8 2.0 1.0 1.8 2.2 4.8 0.6 2.1 2.12016 1.5 2.2 2.6 3.7 -0.2 3.0 1.1 1.3 6.7 1.8 2.6 4.6 5.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 3.1 2.1 2.6 1.9 1.92017 2.0 2.5 5.7 8.1 1.5 2.9 2.3 1.7 4.4 3.8 4.2 1.8 6.7 2.9 2.5 3.5 4.8 3.0 3.1 2.5 2.52018 1.5 1.5 4.8 8.2 1.9 2.4 1.7 0.8 4.1 4.6 3.6 3.1 6.8 2.6 2.4 2.4 4.1 4.0 1.7 1.9 1.92019 1.1 0.4 3.2 5.6 1.8 1.9 1.3 0.1 2.9 2.5 3.8 2.6 5.0 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.6 2.7 1.4 1.1 1.12020 1.0 1.0 2.1 3.5 2.3 1.5 1.3 0.4 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 4.2 1.3 1.4 1.7 2.7 2.6 1.1 1.2 1.2

2011-2020 1.4 1.6 3.5 6.3 -1.3 1.1 1.3 0.1 1.2 3.3 3.6 2.9 5.6 1.4 1.5 0.7 1.9 2.7 1.0 1.3 1.2

2021 1.0 1.0 2.4 3.2 2.0 1.4 1.2 0.7 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.6 3.8 1.3 1.4 1.7 2.7 2.7 1.0 1.2 1.2


29

Output

10. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 4.8 : : : : 4.6 : 3.1 : 5.0 : : : : 5.7 10.1 4.3

1971-1980 : : 2.2 : : : : 2.1 : 2.1 : 3.1 : : : : 4.1 4.4 3.2

1981-1990 : : 2.1 : : : : 2.1 : 2.9 : 2.5 : : : : 5.2 4.6 3.3

1991 : -9.7 1.4 : : -7.0 -13.1 -1.1 : -1.1 : 1.8 : : -6.2 : 0.9 3.3 -0.11992 -7.3 -2.3 2.0 : -2.1 2.5 -8.7 -1.2 : 0.4 : 1.2 : : -6.6 : 6.0 0.8 3.51993 -1.5 1.3 0.0 : -0.6 3.7 1.5 -2.1 : 2.5 : -0.2 : : -7.5 : 8.0 0.2 2.81994 1.8 2.3 5.3 : 2.9 5.3 3.9 4.0 : 3.8 : 2.7 : : -1.8 : -5.5 0.9 4.01995 2.9 6.1 3.0 : 1.5 7.0 7.1 4.0 : 2.5 : 2.4 : : -1.1 : 7.2 2.7 2.71996 5.1 4.2 2.9 5.9 0.1 6.1 3.9 1.6 1.8 2.5 1.9 1.8 : : 1.2 6.3 7.0 3.1 3.81997 -14.2 -0.6 3.3 6.6 3.1 6.5 -4.8 3.1 2.7 3.9 2.8 2.8 -10.9 : 1.4 7.2 7.5 1.1 4.41998 4.3 -0.3 2.2 1.9 3.9 4.6 -2.0 4.3 3.0 3.6 3.1 3.1 8.8 : 3.4 3.3 3.1 -1.1 4.51999 -8.3 1.4 2.9 -0.9 3.1 4.6 -0.4 4.3 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.1 12.9 : 4.3 -9.4 -3.4 -0.3 4.82000 4.8 4.3 3.7 3.8 4.5 4.6 2.5 4.9 3.9 3.4 3.8 3.8 6.9 : 4.5 6.1 6.6 2.8 4.1

1991-2000 : 0.6 2.7 : : 3.7 -1.2 2.1 : 2.5 : 2.2 : : -0.9 : 3.7 1.3 3.4

2001 3.8 2.9 0.8 3.5 4.1 1.2 5.2 1.5 2.1 3.0 2.3 2.3 8.3 1.1 -3.1 6.9 -6.0 0.4 1.02002 6.0 1.7 0.5 5.3 4.7 2.0 5.7 2.2 1.1 2.3 1.3 1.2 4.5 1.9 1.5 6.4 6.4 0.1 1.72003 5.2 3.6 0.4 5.6 4.1 3.6 2.3 2.2 0.9 3.3 1.3 1.1 5.5 2.5 2.2 4.4 5.6 1.5 2.92004 6.4 4.9 2.7 3.9 4.8 5.1 10.4 4.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.3 5.5 4.4 4.7 9.0 9.6 2.2 3.82005 7.2 6.5 2.3 4.1 4.2 3.5 4.7 2.9 1.9 3.2 2.1 1.9 5.5 4.2 4.7 5.5 9.0 1.7 3.52006 6.8 6.9 3.9 4.9 4.0 6.2 8.0 4.6 3.5 2.8 3.3 3.1 5.9 8.6 5.1 5.1 7.1 1.4 2.92007 6.6 5.6 0.9 5.3 0.2 7.0 7.2 3.4 3.1 2.4 3.0 2.8 6.0 6.8 6.5 6.4 5.0 1.7 1.92008 6.1 2.7 -0.5 2.0 1.1 4.2 9.3 -0.2 0.6 -0.3 0.5 0.2 7.5 7.2 5.5 5.7 0.8 -1.1 -0.12009 -3.4 -4.8 -4.9 -7.3 -6.7 2.8 -5.5 -4.2 -4.3 -4.2 -4.3 -4.4 3.4 -5.8 -0.4 -2.7 -4.7 -5.4 -2.52010 0.6 2.3 1.9 -1.5 0.7 3.6 -3.9 6.2 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.2 3.7 2.7 3.4 0.7 8.5 4.2 2.6

2001-2010 4.5 3.2 0.8 2.5 2.1 3.9 4.2 2.2 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.3 5.6 3.3 3.0 4.7 4.0 0.6 1.7

2011 2.4 1.8 1.3 -0.3 1.8 5.0 2.0 3.1 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.5 3.2 2.3 2.0 11.1 -0.1 1.62012 0.4 -0.8 0.2 -2.3 -1.5 1.6 2.1 -0.6 -0.7 1.5 -0.4 -0.5 1.4 -2.7 -0.5 -0.7 4.8 1.5 2.22013 0.3 -0.5 0.9 -0.5 2.0 1.4 3.5 1.1 -0.1 2.1 0.3 0.2 1.0 3.5 2.9 2.9 8.5 2.0 1.82014 1.9 2.7 1.6 -0.1 4.2 3.3 3.4 2.7 1.6 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 3.6 -1.6 5.2 0.4 2.52015 4.0 5.3 2.3 2.4 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 3.4 3.9 1.8 6.1 1.2 2.92016 3.8 2.5 2.4 3.5 2.2 3.1 4.8 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.2 0.6 1.62017 3.5 4.4 2.3 2.9 4.3 4.9 7.1 2.4 2.7 1.9 2.6 2.4 3.8 4.7 0.2 2.0 7.5 1.9 2.42018 3.1 3.0 1.5 2.6 5.1 5.1 4.0 2.3 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.8 4.1 5.1 2.7 4.4 2.8 0.8 2.92019 3.6 2.5 2.0 2.9 4.6 4.1 4.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 0.3 0.9 2.32020 3.0 2.2 1.5 2.6 2.8 3.3 3.6 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 3.7 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.1 0.4 1.8

2011-2020 2.6 2.3 1.6 1.4 2.9 3.6 3.8 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.4 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.1 5.2 1.0 2.2

2021 2.9 2.1 1.6 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 3.6 2.8 3.3 3.7 3.5 0.6 1.6


30

Output

11. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels per person employed



1961-1970 4.4 4.2 : 4.2 9.3 6.7 5.3 6.9 : : : 2.9 : 3.9 5.1 5.6 : : 4.4 : 5.3

1971-1980 3.2 2.6 : 3.7 3.9 4.2 3.0 2.4 : : : 1.4 : 2.3 2.8 4.9 : : 3.6 : 2.9

1981-1990 1.8 1.3 : 3.8 -0.3 1.9 2.0 1.6 : : : 3.2 : 1.5 2.0 3.5 : : 2.7 : 1.7

1991 1.5 2.2 : 2.3 4.9 1.4 1.0 0.6 : -11.9 -7.9 4.5 : 1.1 2.2 0.6 : : -0.4 : 1.41992 1.7 3.3 : 3.0 -0.7 2.4 2.4 1.5 : -26.7 -19.5 -0.9 3.4 0.4 1.6 4.8 : : 3.6 : 2.31993 -0.3 0.3 : 1.2 -2.4 1.9 0.9 2.4 : -4.8 -12.6 2.4 3.6 1.1 1.1 1.4 : : 5.4 : 1.11994 3.7 2.4 1.8 2.6 0.1 2.9 2.2 3.2 : 13.7 -4.2 1.1 5.2 2.9 2.4 2.6 : : 5.7 : 2.61995 0.8 1.1 11.4 5.5 1.2 0.9 1.5 2.7 : 10.6 5.3 -1.1 3.0 1.3 3.0 3.1 : : 2.1 : 1.61996 1.1 0.8 7.5 3.6 3.5 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.7 2.0 4.2 -1.2 2.4 1.1 2.0 1.8 5.3 4.4 1.9 1.1 1.11997 3.1 1.8 13.0 6.7 4.9 0.1 1.8 1.6 2.0 4.3 7.6 2.2 4.6 1.2 1.4 1.7 7.0 7.0 2.8 1.7 1.71998 0.2 0.8 6.3 2.0 -0.5 0.2 2.1 1.1 4.5 6.8 8.3 1.6 3.6 1.7 2.5 1.9 3.4 4.6 3.4 1.2 1.11999 2.1 0.3 4.2 3.8 3.0 -0.1 1.2 1.1 3.1 4.7 1.1 3.5 3.4 2.5 2.0 2.3 3.7 2.5 2.3 1.2 1.02000 1.7 0.7 9.2 4.8 3.6 0.4 1.2 2.0 4.2 9.3 8.5 2.8 7.7 2.6 2.4 1.6 2.0 3.2 3.6 1.6 1.4

1991-2000 1.5 1.4 : 3.5 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.7 : 0.0 -1.4 1.5 : 1.6 2.1 2.2 : : 3.0 : 1.5

2001 -0.3 2.0 5.4 2.1 3.8 0.7 0.1 0.2 1.8 4.6 10.7 -3.0 -1.1 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.6 2.7 1.0 1.0 0.92002 1.5 0.3 6.8 4.3 1.4 0.5 0.3 -0.8 1.6 5.6 3.0 0.9 2.7 0.4 1.7 0.4 1.9 4.4 0.5 0.3 0.32003 1.1 0.4 5.3 1.1 4.3 0.3 0.8 -0.4 -0.9 7.8 8.1 -0.2 2.9 1.3 0.3 0.0 3.3 4.4 1.8 0.5 0.42004 2.6 0.9 7.2 3.2 2.6 0.5 2.6 1.0 1.0 8.1 7.7 1.2 0.1 2.7 2.1 2.5 4.0 5.5 3.4 1.6 1.62005 0.9 0.9 7.1 0.8 -0.3 0.2 1.0 0.8 1.2 9.8 6.9 0.4 2.5 1.8 1.0 1.2 4.3 4.9 1.2 0.9 0.82006 1.4 3.1 4.6 0.4 3.8 0.6 1.0 0.1 2.8 5.8 7.7 1.3 0.3 1.2 1.7 1.2 4.1 6.3 2.1 1.5 1.52007 2.0 1.3 7.4 0.9 1.9 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.6 6.0 8.9 3.8 1.7 1.0 1.9 2.5 3.5 8.6 3.0 1.2 1.12008 -1.3 -0.4 -4.9 -3.9 -1.6 0.9 -0.2 -0.6 0.1 -2.5 4.0 -5.8 0.8 0.4 -0.4 0.0 1.0 2.3 -1.4 -0.3 -0.32009 -1.9 -5.8 -4.7 3.0 -3.8 2.7 -1.8 -2.6 -2.0 0.1 -7.7 -5.3 -2.5 -2.5 -3.3 -0.4 -6.0 -3.6 -5.7 -2.5 -2.62010 2.2 3.8 8.0 6.1 -3.0 3.1 2.0 2.6 1.4 2.3 7.0 3.0 1.8 1.9 1.1 3.2 3.5 7.3 3.8 2.9 2.7

2001-2010 0.8 0.6 4.1 1.8 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.1 0.7 4.7 5.5 -0.4 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 2.2 4.2 0.9 0.7 0.6

2011 0.4 2.7 0.8 2.6 -2.4 2.0 1.7 0.6 0.1 4.7 5.4 -0.4 -1.6 1.0 1.3 0.3 2.6 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.72012 0.3 -0.7 1.5 0.8 -1.1 2.1 0.2 -1.6 0.1 2.6 1.9 -2.7 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 -1.7 1.8 -2.2 -0.1 -0.12013 0.8 -0.4 0.1 -1.6 -0.6 2.0 0.4 0.6 -1.0 0.0 2.2 1.8 0.8 1.1 -0.3 2.0 0.1 1.5 -0.1 0.5 0.52014 1.2 1.3 2.2 5.7 -0.2 0.4 0.6 -0.2 0.1 3.3 1.4 1.7 3.2 1.6 -0.3 -0.6 2.3 1.3 0.1 0.8 0.72015 1.1 0.8 -1.0 20.8 -1.2 0.6 0.8 0.1 1.8 1.8 0.6 1.7 6.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.9 2.8 0.6 1.0 1.02016 0.3 1.0 2.3 0.0 -0.7 0.2 0.6 0.0 2.0 2.1 0.3 1.5 1.3 0.1 0.8 0.4 1.3 -0.3 2.2 0.5 0.52017 0.3 1.1 3.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.9 -0.9 3.8 5.0 -1.6 -1.2 0.7 0.8 0.2 1.8 0.8 2.0 1.0 1.02018 0.1 0.2 3.5 4.8 0.2 -0.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.2 -0.6 1.3 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.9 2.0 -0.9 0.4 0.32019 -0.1 -0.3 2.5 3.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.2 -0.5 0.4 2.9 3.6 -1.1 1.0 -0.1 0.5 1.0 0.3 1.8 0.4 0.0 0.02020 0.1 0.9 2.1 1.8 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 2.6 2.3 -0.8 1.1 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2 2.4 0.7 0.7 0.7

2011-2020 0.4 0.7 1.7 4.1 -0.6 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.3 2.7 2.5 -0.1 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.3 0.6 0.6

2021 0.2 0.9 2.5 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 2.5 2.4 -0.5 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.4 2.5 0.7 0.8 0.7

1) 1961-91 D_W 2) Weighted by total employment 3) Weighted by total employment; Former Euro area 12; 1961-91 including D_W

31

Output

11. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels per person employed



1961-1970 : : 3.5 : : : : 3.9 : 2.8 : 4.7 : : : : 4.7 8.6 2.4

1971-1980 : : 1.7 : : : : 1.3 : 1.9 : 2.7 : : : : 2.1 3.7 1.0

1981-1990 : : 1.6 : : : : 1.4 : 2.2 : 1.8 : : : : 3.5 3.7 1.5

1991 : : 2.4 : : : -12.6 0.4 : 2.0 : 1.5 : : : : -3.0 1.3 0.81992 : : 2.8 : : : -5.9 3.4 : 2.4 : 2.4 : : : : 5.0 -0.3 3.01993 : : 1.7 : : 5.7 5.5 2.7 : 3.4 : 1.5 : : : : 13.6 -0.2 1.41994 : 1.2 3.3 : : 7.0 4.5 5.0 : 3.0 : 2.8 : : : : -12.6 0.8 1.81995 : 5.4 2.4 : : 6.0 13.0 2.3 : 1.3 : 1.6 : : : : 4.2 2.4 1.31996 2.3 3.7 1.9 5.9 0.3 4.8 7.4 2.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.2 : : : : 3.9 3.0 2.41997 -11.5 0.1 1.9 6.5 2.1 5.0 -5.7 4.4 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 -10.2 : : : 7.5 0.4 2.21998 5.4 1.4 0.8 2.1 3.0 3.4 1.0 2.5 1.8 2.6 1.9 1.4 11.0 : 0.0 : 0.4 0.0 3.01999 -4.1 3.7 2.1 -1.0 1.1 8.9 0.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.2 15.0 : 5.0 : -4.6 1.1 3.22000 7.3 5.1 3.0 3.9 3.8 6.2 3.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.6 6.6 : 4.2 : 8.9 3.5 1.6

1991-2000 : : 2.2 : : : 0.9 2.8 : 2.2 : 1.7 : : : : 2.1 1.2 2.1

2001 4.6 3.2 -0.2 4.1 3.9 3.5 6.3 -0.6 1.4 2.1 1.6 1.0 25.7 : -0.9 6.5 -5.7 0.8 1.02002 5.7 1.0 0.4 4.3 4.9 5.2 17.7 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.5 4.5 : -1.6 10.1 7.3 1.3 2.02003 2.1 4.4 1.3 3.0 2.1 4.8 2.4 2.8 0.7 2.3 1.1 0.9 4.8 : 2.1 7.3 6.6 1.5 1.92004 3.8 5.1 3.2 3.0 6.0 4.0 12.3 5.1 2.0 1.3 1.9 1.6 4.9 : 12.0 8.6 18.1 1.6 2.72005 4.3 4.5 0.9 3.1 5.0 1.3 6.3 2.8 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.1 5.4 : -0.2 13.2 6.6 0.9 1.82006 3.3 5.4 1.6 1.7 3.2 2.9 7.3 2.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 5.6 9.2 0.5 9.2 5.2 0.7 1.02007 3.3 3.4 -1.4 2.1 1.0 2.4 6.8 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.1 -17.3 -10.5 3.4 5.4 3.4 0.9 0.82008 3.6 0.5 -1.7 -0.1 2.9 0.4 9.4 -0.9 -0.3 -1.1 -0.5 -0.5 14.7 4.0 -2.3 -0.6 -1.3 -0.9 0.32009 -1.7 -3.1 -1.8 -6.6 -4.9 2.4 -1.9 -2.2 -2.4 -2.7 -2.5 -2.6 0.1 -3.2 -4.6 4.9 -5.1 -4.3 1.22010 4.6 3.3 4.3 2.4 1.3 6.4 -0.7 5.5 3.3 1.7 3.1 2.7 3.1 4.4 7.2 10.0 2.1 4.4 3.1

2001-2010 3.4 2.8 0.7 1.7 2.5 3.3 6.4 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 4.6 : 1.5 7.4 3.5 0.7 1.6

2011 4.7 2.1 1.4 3.7 1.8 4.4 4.4 0.7 1.9 1.0 1.8 1.6 3.2 10.3 0.9 8.5 4.2 -0.1 1.02012 2.9 -1.2 0.9 1.4 -2.3 1.5 0.6 -1.4 -0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 13.4 -5.1 -1.6 0.4 1.8 1.9 0.42013 0.8 -0.8 0.9 2.2 0.7 1.5 4.4 0.1 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.6 5.6 3.1 -2.5 -0.8 5.5 1.4 0.82014 1.5 2.2 0.7 -2.7 -0.4 1.6 2.6 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 : -5.0 1.2 -11.2 3.5 -0.2 0.92015 3.6 3.8 1.0 1.1 1.6 2.3 5.2 2.9 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.0 : 0.9 2.0 1.2 3.3 0.8 1.22016 3.3 0.8 0.9 3.2 -1.5 2.2 6.0 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 : 1.8 1.3 -2.2 0.9 -0.3 -0.12017 1.7 2.8 0.6 0.7 2.4 3.6 4.6 0.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 : 2.4 -2.1 -0.7 3.7 1.0 1.12018 3.2 1.6 -0.3 0.8 2.7 4.8 3.7 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.3 : 2.7 2.3 3.0 0.9 -0.2 1.32019 3.0 1.4 0.7 1.6 2.7 3.9 3.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 : 0.1 -1.1 1.4 2.2 0.4 1.22020 3.0 1.6 0.6 1.5 2.6 3.5 3.4 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 : 1.9 1.0 2.5 0.5 0.2 0.8

2011-2020 2.8 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.0 2.9 3.9 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 : 1.2 0.1 0.1 2.6 0.5 0.9

2021 3.1 1.6 0.9 1.3 2.8 3.4 3.1 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.7 : 0.7 0.8 2.5 0.7 0.3 1.1

1) Weighted by total employment; EU excluding UK 2) Weighted by total employment 3) Weighted by total employment; Former EU-15; 1961-91 including D_W

32

Output

12. Industrial production; construction excluded



1961-1970 5.0 5.7 : : : : 5.4 7.0 : : : 2.4 : 7.3 5.6 5.0 : : 7.5 : :

1971-1980 2.2 1.9 : : 6.9 5.1 2.9 3.5 : : : 0.0 : 2.9 4.0 6.5 : : 4.6 : :

1981-1990 1.9 1.9 : 6.3 1.0 1.9 1.3 1.2 : : : 3.7 : 1.4 2.8 4.8 : : 2.8 : 1.7

1991 -1.9 2.9 : 3.4 -1.0 -0.8 -0.1 -0.9 : : : 0.3 : 1.8 1.7 0.0 : : -8.7 : 0.5

1992 -0.4 -1.3 : 9.1 -1.0 -2.8 -0.8 -0.2 : : : -0.8 : -0.2 -1.2 -2.3 : : 0.9 : -1.01993 -5.1 -7.4 : 5.5 -2.9 -4.7 -3.8 -2.5 : : : -4.3 : -1.1 -1.6 -4.8 : : 5.1 : -4.31994 2.1 2.7 : 12.0 1.3 7.3 3.8 5.3 : : : 5.9 : 4.9 4.0 -0.2 : : 11.3 : 4.21995 6.5 1.0 : 19.4 1.8 4.7 3.0 5.4 : : : 1.4 : 2.9 5.1 4.7 : : 6.4 : 3.41996 0.5 -0.1 : 8.1 0.9 -0.7 1.1 -0.9 : : : 0.1 : 2.4 1.0 5.3 : : 1.4 : 0.31997 4.7 2.9 : 17.5 1.9 6.8 4.4 3.3 : : : 5.8 : -0.5 6.4 2.6 : : 6.6 : 3.81998 3.4 4.2 : 19.7 9.0 5.4 4.3 1.9 : : : -0.1 : 1.9 8.1 5.7 : : 5.8 : 4.11999 0.9 1.4 -3.4 14.8 1.9 2.7 2.9 0.1 : : -12.7 11.5 : 3.0 6.0 3.0 -0.5 : 3.8 : 2.12000 5.4 5.1 14.6 14.3 7.1 4.0 4.3 3.2 4.4 : -0.2 4.3 : 5.4 9.1 0.5 6.2 : 8.4 : 4.7

1992-2000 1.9 0.9 : 13.3 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.7 : : : 2.5 : 2.0 4.0 1.5 : : 5.5 : 1.9

2001 4.5 -0.1 8.8 11.0 -3.4 -1.1 1.1 -0.8 4.7 10.6 11.9 5.0 -6.2 1.3 3.1 1.9 2.9 3.4 0.0 0.4 0.42002 0.3 -1.1 8.5 8.2 0.1 -0.1 -1.1 -1.3 1.7 6.9 5.9 4.9 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.5 2.4 7.1 1.4 -0.4 -0.52003 1.6 0.5 11.0 5.7 0.6 1.5 -0.9 -1.0 0.0 7.8 14.6 5.3 4.6 -1.5 1.8 -1.1 1.5 15.6 0.0 0.2 0.02004 7.1 4.3 10.4 1.2 0.6 1.9 2.5 1.0 1.8 7.1 11.6 5.6 -0.9 4.7 7.1 -4.0 4.8 3.6 5.2 3.0 2.92005 3.3 3.0 10.9 4.0 -1.5 0.2 0.1 -1.9 0.5 7.2 7.1 2.2 -5.5 0.4 3.9 5.1 3.5 -0.9 -0.9 0.9 0.92006 6.1 5.3 9.9 3.1 0.8 3.7 0.7 3.1 0.4 6.5 5.9 2.2 7.0 2.0 7.1 -0.7 5.7 15.8 10.1 3.6 3.52007 7.9 5.7 6.5 5.2 2.3 2.4 1.3 2.5 4.8 1.2 2.7 -0.3 7.6 4.3 5.9 -1.2 7.2 16.8 4.6 3.7 3.62008 4.1 0.6 -5.2 -2.2 -4.2 -7.1 -2.6 -3.2 4.5 -3.2 3.5 -5.0 -4.3 0.7 2.2 -5.5 2.4 15.6 1.2 -1.5 -1.62009 -11.2 -16.3 -24.0 -4.5 -9.7 -16.2 -12.8 -18.7 -9.3 -18.2 -14.2 -16.1 -14.5 -7.7 -11.8 -10.5 -17.4 -12.9 -18.0 -14.6 -14.62010 9.4 11.2 23.4 8.5 -6.1 0.9 4.8 6.9 -1.8 14.9 6.2 9.1 8.7 7.7 7.0 1.5 7.2 12.3 5.6 6.9 6.8

2001-2010 3.1 1.1 5.3 3.9 -2.1 -1.6 -0.8 -1.6 0.7 3.7 5.2 1.0 -0.5 1.2 2.6 -1.5 1.8 7.2 0.7 0.1 0.0

2011 4.6 7.1 20.0 -0.4 -5.8 -2.1 2.6 0.4 -7.8 9.1 6.6 1.4 -0.1 -0.7 6.3 -1.6 1.3 5.7 1.7 2.8 2.82012 -1.7 -0.8 1.1 -1.5 -2.1 -6.6 -2.6 -6.0 -9.8 6.1 4.0 -4.9 5.5 -0.6 -0.1 -5.6 -1.2 2.8 -2.1 -2.6 -2.72013 -0.5 -0.1 4.1 -2.2 -3.3 -1.9 -0.9 -3.0 -13.5 -0.8 3.0 -3.2 -4.8 0.6 0.7 1.0 -1.0 1.6 -3.1 -0.9 -1.02014 1.4 1.3 3.9 20.9 -2.0 1.6 -1.1 -1.1 -0.6 -1.1 0.2 4.3 -6.0 -2.8 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.1 -1.8 0.5 0.42015 -0.7 1.4 0.3 36.9 1.0 3.3 1.7 1.7 5.2 3.6 4.4 1.4 -0.4 -3.6 2.4 2.4 5.6 6.7 -0.9 2.2 2.12016 4.5 1.3 3.4 1.8 2.6 1.5 0.7 1.4 9.3 5.4 2.8 0.2 -7.4 1.4 2.9 1.8 7.1 4.7 4.2 1.6 1.52017 2.7 2.8 4.1 -2.2 4.8 2.9 2.0 3.1 7.1 8.3 7.0 2.1 8.6 1.1 4.8 3.4 7.7 3.2 3.2 2.6 2.52018 1.4 1.0 4.0 -0.1 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.5 5.4 1.5 4.8 -0.6 1.6 1.5 3.7 0.1 4.4 4.4 2.8 1.2 1.1


33

Output

12. Industrial production; construction excluded



1961-1970 : : 6.2 : : : : 6.2 : 2.5 : : : : : : : 13.6 4.9

1971-1980 : : 2.1 : : : : 0.9 : 0.8 : : : : : : : 4.1 3.0

1981-1990 : : 2.8 : -0.3 : : 1.9 : 1.6 : 1.7 : : : : : 4.0 2.2

1991 : -21.9 0.1 : -18.3 -16.0 : -2.3 : -3.3 : -0.3 : : : : 3.2 1.9 -1.5

1992 : -8.0 3.1 : -9.7 3.5 : 0.2 : 0.4 : -0.6 : : : : 4.6 -5.8 2.91993 : -5.3 -3.7 : 3.9 4.8 : 0.4 : 2.1 : -3.1 : : : : 5.9 -3.5 3.31994 : 2.1 10.2 : 9.6 13.1 : 11.6 : 5.3 : 4.7 : : : : -6.3 1.3 5.31995 : 8.7 4.0 : 4.7 : : 9.9 : 1.8 : 3.3 : : : : 8.6 3.3 4.61996 : 2.0 1.4 : 3.3 : : 0.9 : 1.4 : 0.6 : : : : 5.9 2.3 4.51997 : 4.5 4.8 : 11.0 6.3 : 4.5 : 1.4 : 3.4 : : : : 9.6 3.5 7.21998 : 1.6 2.9 : 12.5 8.4 : 4.7 : -0.9 : 3.2 : : : : 1.3 -6.6 5.81999 : -3.2 0.2 -1.2 10.4 6.4 : 2.8 : 1.0 : 1.9 : : : : -3.7 0.3 4.42000 : 5.3 7.8 1.4 17.0 -2.0 : 5.2 : 1.8 : 4.3 : : : : 6.0 5.4 3.9

1992-2000 : 0.7 3.3 : 6.7 : : 4.4 : 1.6 : 1.9 : : : : 3.4 0.0 4.7

2001 2.2 7.4 2.4 6.0 3.8 0.6 3.9 -1.1 0.6 -1.6 0.3 0.0 : : : : -8.7 -6.3 -3.12002 4.6 2.0 1.4 5.0 3.2 1.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 -1.4 -0.4 -0.6 : : : : 9.5 -1.1 0.42003 13.1 3.6 0.0 3.3 6.9 8.9 -0.8 1.4 0.6 -0.5 0.4 0.0 : : : : 8.7 3.4 1.32004 12.9 10.5 -1.4 3.3 7.7 12.9 2.7 5.7 3.4 0.6 3.0 2.6 : : : : 9.9 4.7 2.72005 6.9 4.0 2.9 4.5 6.8 4.4 -3.1 2.4 1.2 -0.6 1.0 0.8 : : : : 14.0 1.4 3.32006 6.0 8.2 3.4 4.1 9.8 12.1 9.3 3.1 4.0 0.5 3.5 3.0 : : 5.8 4.2 7.4 4.3 2.32007 9.6 10.7 -3.5 5.0 8.0 9.5 10.2 3.4 4.0 0.3 3.5 2.9 : : 3.9 4.1 7.0 2.8 2.52008 0.6 -1.8 -2.3 1.2 0.0 2.6 2.8 -2.6 -1.3 -2.4 -1.4 -1.8 : : 5.1 1.5 -0.6 -3.2 -3.52009 -18.3 -13.6 -14.4 -9.3 -17.8 -4.0 -5.5 -17.9 -14.2 -8.8 -13.5 -13.9 : : -8.6 -12.6 -10.0 -21.0 -11.52010 2.0 8.6 2.1 -1.4 10.6 11.2 5.5 9.4 7.0 3.2 6.5 6.2 : : -4.9 1.2 13.2 15.0 5.5

2001-2010 3.6 3.7 -1.1 2.1 3.6 5.8 2.3 0.1 0.4 -1.1 0.1 -0.2 : : : : 4.7 -0.4 -0.1

2011 5.8 5.9 1.2 -1.1 5.6 6.7 7.5 2.6 3.1 -0.6 2.6 2.2 : -10.2 7.0 2.5 15.4 -2.9 3.12012 -0.3 -0.9 -0.2 -5.6 -1.7 1.2 2.4 -2.1 -2.2 -2.7 -2.3 -2.6 : -7.1 -2.8 -2.3 4.2 0.7 3.02013 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -1.8 1.1 2.3 7.9 -4.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -1.0 : 10.6 3.3 5.6 6.6 -0.9 2.02014 1.8 5.0 0.6 1.2 7.6 3.5 6.0 -1.7 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.5 : -11.4 4.7 -7.4 5.8 1.7 3.12015 2.9 4.3 0.1 2.7 7.4 4.8 2.8 3.6 2.4 1.2 2.2 2.0 : 7.9 4.9 7.3 6.2 -1.3 -1.02016 2.7 3.4 4.2 5.3 0.9 2.8 3.1 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.5 : -2.9 3.4 5.2 3.4 0.1 -1.92017 3.4 6.5 2.0 1.4 4.7 6.6 7.9 4.3 3.0 1.1 2.8 2.4 : -4.2 0.2 3.9 8.9 2.8 1.62018 1.1 3.0 2.1 -1.0 3.6 5.9 3.5 2.4 1.6 0.9 1.5 1.1 : 22.4 5.4 1.3 1.7 1.0 4.1


34

National final uses

13. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices

(Percentage of gross domestic product at market prices)


1960-1970 56.0 55.7 : 73.6 65.7 67.2 56.2 59.2 75.4 : : 50.8 73.2 53.7 58.9 68.4 : : 58.0 : 57.7

1971-1980 53.1 55.8 : 66.4 57.9 64.7 54.3 58.5 72.1 : : 49.8 71.1 51.6 55.9 64.3 : : 53.1 : 56.3

1981-1990 56.0 56.6 : 60.9 62.4 63.3 56.0 58.3 60.9 : : 51.1 64.9 50.6 57.2 64.5 : : 51.6 : 57.1

1991 54.4 56.1

1991 54.8 56.0 : 57.9 66.0 61.3 55.1 57.9 63.7 43.1 53.8 46.5 60.5 49.8 55.4 65.4 54.2 : 53.2 : 56.61992 54.1 56.0 : 57.7 67.6 62.0 55.1 58.9 60.7 37.1 64.9 44.8 60.0 49.6 56.1 65.0 54.5 : 54.0 : 56.81993 53.7 56.7 58.2 56.2 68.0 61.9 55.4 58.4 57.2 49.5 70.0 43.0 59.0 49.7 56.0 66.0 57.8 56.6 53.9 56.9 56.91994 53.3 56.2 58.6 56.0 67.9 61.7 55.0 58.9 56.0 55.0 65.0 42.8 58.4 49.4 55.7 65.5 56.0 53.8 52.6 56.6 56.61995 53.1 55.8 55.9 52.7 68.0 61.0 54.7 58.9 61.9 65.5 63.9 42.8 60.4 49.2 54.9 64.7 59.0 53.3 51.0 56.2 56.21996 53.5 56.3 57.9 53.1 68.0 60.5 55.1 58.5 63.0 68.0 64.2 41.7 62.7 50.0 55.5 65.0 58.4 53.9 51.5 56.5 56.51997 52.7 56.2 57.9 50.4 66.7 60.2 54.1 59.1 62.5 66.9 61.3 41.5 62.1 49.8 54.8 63.9 57.3 52.5 50.1 56.2 56.21998 52.9 55.7 57.3 48.8 67.0 59.7 54.0 59.7 62.4 63.7 61.2 41.4 62.1 50.1 54.3 63.0 56.9 53.4 49.1 56.0 56.01999 52.1 56.2 56.0 47.6 66.7 59.6 53.6 60.4 61.4 65.1 65.0 39.1 62.9 50.8 53.6 63.3 57.4 54.4 48.8 56.2 56.22000 52.3 56.3 54.2 47.2 66.9 59.6 53.9 60.5 61.9 62.5 65.0 37.9 62.9 50.3 53.9 63.4 56.3 54.6 47.8 56.2 56.2

1991-2000 53.2 56.1 : 52.8 67.3 60.7 54.6 59.1 61.1 57.6 63.4 42.1 61.1 49.9 55.0 64.5 56.8 : 51.2 : 56.4

2001 52.4 56.5 54.6 45.8 66.2 59.3 54.1 59.5 61.6 61.8 65.3 38.9 64.1 49.7 54.1 62.8 55.5 55.9 47.6 56.1 56.02002 51.5 55.7 55.3 44.8 66.1 58.7 54.0 59.1 61.8 61.5 64.5 39.0 61.1 50.0 53.5 62.7 54.9 56.0 48.3 55.7 55.62003 51.2 56.5 55.1 44.7 64.8 57.9 54.2 59.4 60.9 61.4 64.4 39.1 61.2 50.0 54.1 63.2 55.0 54.2 49.7 55.9 55.92004 50.2 56.1 55.3 44.0 64.0 58.2 54.1 59.0 61.5 62.7 65.2 37.8 63.1 49.4 53.9 63.6 53.8 56.0 49.4 55.6 55.62005 50.2 56.5 54.2 43.9 66.2 58.1 54.4 59.3 61.6 61.6 64.7 36.3 63.0 48.8 53.8 64.4 53.3 55.0 49.6 55.9 55.82006 50.0 55.7 54.0 44.1 64.2 57.8 54.2 59.4 61.4 64.4 64.4 34.0 63.5 47.2 53.2 64.6 51.1 54.9 49.8 55.4 55.42007 49.6 54.0 52.2 45.5 64.8 57.6 54.1 59.1 63.9 60.0 63.6 32.3 60.5 46.3 52.0 64.9 50.8 54.2 48.6 54.7 54.72008 50.7 54.2 53.1 48.7 67.4 57.5 54.5 59.4 66.8 58.0 65.0 32.9 58.8 45.6 51.8 66.2 51.1 55.8 49.3 55.1 55.02009 51.4 56.4 52.9 47.7 68.1 56.9 55.4 60.4 63.7 60.4 68.1 34.2 61.0 45.7 53.5 64.8 55.0 59.7 52.1 56.1 56.12010 51.4 55.1 52.1 47.6 69.4 58.1 55.4 60.7 65.8 63.1 64.0 32.2 57.8 45.4 53.5 65.9 56.2 57.2 52.6 56.0 55.9

2001-2010 50.9 55.7 53.9 45.7 66.1 58.0 54.4 59.5 62.9 61.5 64.9 35.7 61.4 47.8 53.3 64.3 53.7 55.9 49.7 55.6 55.6

2011 51.5 54.4 50.1 46.4 69.9 58.5 55.0 61.1 65.8 61.4 62.4 31.3 58.7 45.6 53.4 65.9 56.5 55.7 53.2 55.7 55.72012 51.9 54.9 50.7 45.5 69.9 59.5 54.7 61.3 66.9 60.8 62.2 32.2 57.1 45.5 53.5 66.5 57.5 56.1 54.0 55.9 55.82013 52.5 54.6 51.3 45.0 70.8 59.0 54.6 60.9 67.0 61.9 62.4 31.7 55.2 45.5 53.7 65.4 56.1 55.5 54.2 55.6 55.62014 51.8 53.4 50.5 43.0 70.2 59.4 54.3 60.6 69.0 61.3 62.0 30.9 51.1 45.3 53.4 66.1 55.0 55.1 54.5 55.1 55.02015 51.3 52.9 51.3 33.0 69.4 58.5 54.0 60.8 67.9 60.2 62.6 30.1 48.0 45.0 52.7 65.6 54.0 54.0 54.4 54.4 54.32016 51.4 52.6 51.7 33.8 69.2 58.2 54.3 60.1 66.0 60.2 63.0 29.7 46.2 44.6 52.3 65.4 53.9 55.1 54.3 54.2 54.12017 51.4 52.3 50.3 32.2 68.7 58.4 54.0 60.3 65.5 59.8 62.1 29.8 44.1 44.3 52.2 64.6 52.7 55.9 53.2 53.9 53.82018 51.6 52.1 49.7 31.0 68.0 58.3 53.9 60.3 65.2 58.9 61.8 29.8 43.8 44.1 51.8 64.8 52.3 55.9 52.8 53.7 53.62019 51.5 52.2 49.4 30.5 66.9 57.4 53.8 60.5 65.2 59.3 60.5 29.9 43.0 44.1 51.6 64.4 52.0 55.5 52.3 53.5 53.42020 51.4 51.8 49.5 30.4 66.2 56.9 53.8 60.5 64.8 59.9 60.2 29.9 42.6 44.2 51.7 64.4 51.9 55.4 52.1 53.3 53.2

2011-2020 51.6 53.1 50.4 37.1 68.9 58.4 54.2 60.6 66.3 60.4 61.9 30.5 49.0 44.8 52.6 65.3 54.2 55.4 53.5 54.5 54.5

2021 51.4 51.6 49.4 30.3 65.3 56.7 53.9 60.4 64.6 60.5 60.0 29.9 42.3 44.4 51.6 64.3 52.0 55.2 52.1 53.2 53.1


35

National final uses

13. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices



1960-1970 : : 58.2 : : : : 53.8 : 63.9 : 58.7 : : : : 71.8 51.1 59.8

1971-1980 : : 53.7 : : : : 50.4 : 61.0 : 56.7 : : : : 69.0 50.7 60.6

1981-1990 : : 52.1 : : 55.9 60.3 49.0 : 61.7 : 57.5 : : : : 65.3 52.8 62.7

1991 56.8

1991 47.5 50.0 49.9 : : 58.2 62.4 49.3 : 62.6 : 57.2 : : : : 66.0 51.1 64.01992 57.6 52.0 50.0 : 57.8 60.6 64.4 49.7 : 63.4 : 57.5 : : : : 65.0 51.8 64.41993 64.5 50.4 49.8 : 59.8 61.9 65.4 50.6 : 64.1 : 57.7 : : : : 64.6 52.6 64.91994 65.0 49.7 50.9 : 58.2 61.4 65.2 49.6 : 63.9 : 57.4 : : : : 65.4 53.5 64.81995 57.5 49.0 50.6 66.5 54.0 59.2 69.5 47.8 55.9 64.0 57.0 57.0 : : 71.4 71.0 65.7 53.5 65.01996 73.8 49.6 50.2 64.0 53.1 61.1 73.1 47.8 56.2 64.4 57.4 57.3 94.1 : 73.1 73.4 62.9 53.3 65.01997 65.4 51.5 49.9 65.6 51.5 62.0 72.8 47.7 56.0 65.6 57.6 57.5 97.9 : 73.8 71.4 63.6 53.4 64.51998 56.1 50.6 50.1 62.5 51.9 61.8 77.5 47.2 55.8 66.3 57.6 57.5 94.6 : 73.3 76.1 64.7 53.7 64.81999 65.1 51.0 48.7 61.3 54.3 62.4 72.3 47.3 55.9 66.6 57.8 57.7 86.5 : 70.7 78.5 66.2 54.8 65.22000 66.5 50.6 47.1 61.6 54.4 63.6 68.8 47.3 55.9 66.5 57.9 57.8 82.7 85.0 75.5 76.4 67.3 54.4 66.0

1991-2000 61.9 50.4 49.7 : : 61.2 69.1 48.4 : 64.7 : 57.4 : : : : 65.1 53.2 64.9

2001 68.6 49.9 46.7 62.2 54.0 64.4 69.2 46.8 55.8 66.4 57.7 57.6 78.2 91.0 71.9 76.4 65.4 55.2 66.82002 68.3 49.9 46.9 63.1 54.6 66.3 68.7 46.9 55.5 66.0 57.4 57.2 80.0 98.2 77.3 73.7 64.4 55.9 67.12003 68.0 49.9 47.2 61.1 56.3 64.9 68.5 46.7 55.7 65.5 57.4 57.2 80.3 90.1 79.7 70.8 65.9 55.7 67.42004 68.4 48.9 47.7 60.1 55.0 64.2 70.2 46.1 55.4 65.4 57.2 57.0 77.2 88.8 81.0 75.2 65.0 55.5 67.22005 68.8 47.8 47.8 60.0 54.8 62.9 71.1 46.4 55.6 64.9 57.3 57.1 76.9 84.8 80.2 74.9 64.1 55.6 67.12006 66.9 47.0 47.4 58.7 53.3 61.9 68.8 45.3 55.1 64.0 56.7 56.5 77.6 93.8 79.0 75.9 62.3 55.9 67.02007 68.5 46.1 47.5 58.6 54.4 60.2 67.4 44.8 54.5 63.8 56.1 56.0 81.8 88.1 77.3 75.3 62.6 55.7 67.22008 65.6 47.4 47.4 58.1 53.6 61.8 63.9 45.1 54.9 64.2 56.3 56.1 83.1 89.9 78.6 75.2 61.6 56.6 67.82009 63.0 48.6 48.5 58.3 53.6 61.6 63.1 47.5 55.9 64.6 57.1 57.0 80.9 82.0 76.7 75.2 62.0 58.5 68.12010 63.6 49.0 47.6 58.7 52.5 61.6 63.8 46.8 55.6 64.2 56.9 56.8 78.1 81.8 75.5 75.5 63.1 57.8 67.9

2001-2010 67.0 48.4 47.5 59.9 54.2 63.0 67.5 46.3 55.4 64.9 57.0 56.8 79.4 88.9 77.7 74.8 63.6 56.2 67.4

2011 62.2 49.1 47.9 59.6 52.8 61.5 63.4 46.5 55.4 64.3 56.7 56.5 78.3 81.6 73.9 75.5 63.2 58.3 68.52012 65.3 49.2 48.0 60.1 53.8 61.5 63.6 46.8 55.6 64.6 57.0 56.9 78.0 82.7 73.9 75.5 62.4 58.6 68.02013 62.2 49.4 47.7 60.0 52.3 60.9 61.1 47.0 55.3 64.9 56.8 56.7 80.0 81.0 71.8 72.9 61.9 59.0 67.42014 62.5 48.1 47.2 58.7 50.2 60.0 61.5 46.6 54.7 64.5 56.3 56.3 80.8 80.2 69.8 73.5 60.8 58.4 67.52015 61.9 46.8 47.1 57.7 48.9 58.4 61.8 45.7 54.0 64.5 55.9 55.8 80.7 79.2 68.8 72.0 60.4 56.6 67.42016 60.4 47.0 46.9 57.0 49.8 58.5 62.5 45.3 53.8 65.1 55.7 55.6 81.0 76.8 66.9 70.9 59.8 55.7 68.12017 60.1 47.4 46.7 57.3 49.5 58.3 63.0 45.0 53.6 65.0 55.3 55.3 79.7 74.8 65.9 70.8 59.0 55.5 68.22018 59.7 47.5 47.2 57.5 48.7 58.1 62.4 44.6 53.4 65.5 55.3 55.2 79.6 73.4 64.3 69.3 56.7 55.6 68.02019 59.8 47.5 46.7 57.4 48.4 57.7 62.6 44.2 53.2 65.1 55.0 55.0 79.3 73.6 63.4 69.1 57.3 55.4 68.12020 59.8 47.8 46.8 57.0 48.6 57.7 63.3 44.5 53.1 64.9 54.9 54.8 78.6 73.1 62.8 68.7 56.9 55.0 68.4

2011-2020 61.4 48.0 47.2 58.2 50.3 59.3 62.5 45.6 54.2 64.8 55.9 55.8 79.6 77.6 68.2 71.8 59.8 56.8 67.9

2021 60.0 47.9 46.8 56.7 48.9 57.5 63.9 44.5 53.1 65.2 54.9 54.8 78.0 72.3 62.1 68.2 56.2 54.8 68.7


36

National final uses

14. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices per head of population

(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))


1960 118.1 114.2 : 82.9 57.0 42.9 114.2 70.9 60.8 : : 156.8 48.2 91.9 85.1 42.2 : : 104.3 : 88.7

1965 106.4 114.5 : 78.2 58.3 55.6 114.4 78.7 52.0 : : 145.3 38.4 100.0 83.5 40.6 : : 114.3 : 92.3

1970 105.0 123.2 : 75.4 64.8 56.6 111.1 87.9 52.2 : : 137.5 43.7 110.6 81.3 44.5 : : 96.1 : 96.2

1975 114.6 129.0 : 63.2 58.3 68.0 117.1 78.2 39.4 : : 148.1 36.4 120.9 96.4 49.2 : : 106.4 : 99.5

1980 114.5 128.5 : 70.3 57.5 66.1 113.2 80.5 53.1 : : 147.4 44.4 117.9 99.9 35.3 : : 94.9 : 97.6

1985 99.6 121.6 : 73.4 56.0 58.8 109.8 92.1 52.8 : : 136.0 39.8 100.6 105.2 34.4 : : 117.7 : 95.6

1990 95.6 117.5 : 69.3 54.5 72.6 103.0 102.2 53.8 : : 137.9 38.8 90.2 103.8 42.7 : : 121.6 : 97.0

1991 94.9 116.8 : 67.4 55.4 74.8 98.3 104.5 57.0 : : 141.6 38.9 89.1 102.3 48.5 27.8 : 111.5 : 96.6

1991 96.0 109.2 : 68.3 56.1 75.7 99.5 105.8 57.7 : : 143.3 39.4 90.2 103.6 49.1 28.1 : 112.9 : 96.41992 96.7 113.5 : 69.6 57.7 76.3 100.4 104.4 58.6 1.9 2.9 140.3 39.0 90.7 106.8 53.8 27.9 : 92.0 : 97.61993 100.9 122.3 5.8 69.2 59.7 69.6 104.5 92.3 57.0 4.3 4.5 150.5 37.6 96.8 113.8 52.9 33.1 12.4 79.9 93.7 98.11994 103.6 122.5 8.0 71.9 60.4 66.4 103.7 91.2 58.6 7.8 6.3 155.8 38.7 97.7 114.7 52.3 34.7 12.9 85.7 93.5 97.71995 106.9 125.9 10.7 71.8 62.5 66.9 104.3 86.2 66.9 10.1 8.4 159.9 41.9 102.1 118.1 54.5 44.9 14.1 94.9 94.5 98.51996 101.8 119.6 13.4 77.0 64.7 67.5 102.7 93.5 66.1 11.4 10.3 151.9 43.5 100.5 114.7 54.9 43.8 15.0 92.1 93.8 97.71997 96.1 112.1 15.6 83.7 65.8 65.2 96.4 94.9 65.3 13.1 12.8 143.3 45.0 97.7 107.5 54.4 44.0 15.7 90.9 90.3 93.91998 95.7 109.2 16.6 84.4 64.4 65.6 96.2 95.1 67.1 13.5 13.8 140.4 45.7 99.7 106.0 54.8 45.3 16.1 91.1 89.6 93.21999 93.6 107.9 16.7 89.2 65.9 66.8 94.3 94.7 66.7 14.5 14.4 143.4 47.3 102.2 103.8 56.2 46.6 14.9 91.1 89.2 92.72000 93.0 103.6 17.0 95.5 62.9 67.7 92.9 93.8 68.5 16.1 16.5 142.2 50.4 101.5 102.1 56.2 44.0 16.1 89.5 87.7 91.0

2001 92.9 103.8 18.9 99.7 63.9 70.3 93.6 93.9 70.3 17.0 17.8 144.2 51.1 103.0 102.3 56.8 44.7 17.1 91.4 88.5 91.82002 92.0 101.4 21.1 104.5 67.0 71.7 93.6 94.4 71.0 18.2 19.2 147.9 49.3 104.8 101.4 57.9 46.4 18.5 93.0 88.5 91.72003 92.8 102.4 23.5 108.9 70.9 73.6 95.0 96.5 73.0 18.8 21.0 151.3 49.3 105.6 103.3 59.0 48.3 20.3 96.7 90.1 93.22004 92.2 100.5 25.5 108.8 72.9 75.3 94.7 95.4 75.8 20.8 22.7 148.4 49.3 103.5 102.9 59.5 48.1 23.3 96.6 89.6 92.62005 92.6 99.2 28.2 112.0 74.8 77.0 94.9 95.0 78.2 23.5 25.5 146.0 50.0 102.8 103.7 60.7 48.4 25.1 97.2 89.7 92.62006 92.7 98.3 32.6 114.9 76.3 78.6 94.7 94.8 79.9 30.1 28.5 145.9 50.7 101.4 103.6 61.3 48.1 27.9 98.3 89.8 92.52007 93.2 96.8 37.0 118.4 79.3 79.6 95.3 94.2 85.1 35.9 33.2 145.1 49.7 101.7 103.4 62.7 51.3 32.9 99.8 90.0 92.52008 97.4 100.0 38.6 118.9 86.1 81.1 98.6 96.1 94.4 38.0 38.9 150.0 51.5 105.1 107.0 65.7 56.0 39.9 105.5 93.1 95.42009 100.7 104.8 34.4 109.3 89.0 80.2 101.3 97.8 89.9 32.4 35.4 154.9 55.4 105.5 112.8 65.7 59.7 43.1 108.5 95.2 97.72010 101.5 104.2 34.4 103.6 83.5 79.2 100.6 96.8 91.1 31.7 34.2 150.9 54.5 103.5 112.1 66.3 59.0 42.5 109.3 94.3 96.7

2011 102.2 105.8 36.7 100.4 75.5 77.2 100.4 97.3 88.8 34.9 37.3 151.0 55.8 103.1 114.4 63.7 59.2 42.6 113.3 94.3 96.62012 102.7 106.3 39.1 98.2 68.6 74.4 98.7 93.5 85.3 37.5 39.3 151.5 55.3 100.5 114.6 60.3 57.4 43.2 113.8 92.6 94.82013 104.9 107.7 41.9 99.2 66.0 73.1 99.3 91.7 79.3 39.8 41.8 152.9 56.1 101.3 116.1 60.4 56.2 43.2 115.3 92.7 94.92014 103.2 106.7 42.8 99.5 63.7 72.9 97.3 89.7 77.9 40.2 42.7 152.5 55.2 99.7 115.1 60.8 55.5 42.8 114.1 91.5 93.62015 101.0 104.0 43.1 98.1 60.3 72.0 94.7 87.9 75.7 39.5 42.6 146.2 55.2 97.3 111.5 60.3 53.9 42.2 111.4 89.5 91.52016 104.0 106.4 45.3 102.6 60.2 74.1 96.4 89.3 77.7 40.9 45.4 148.1 55.7 98.6 113.6 62.8 56.0 43.7 114.2 91.5 93.52017 106.0 107.6 47.6 104.3 60.3 76.4 96.9 90.6 80.0 43.3 48.7 148.7 55.8 100.1 115.2 64.4 57.4 45.5 114.3 92.8 94.82018 106.5 107.7 50.2 105.9 60.0 76.8 96.5 90.2 81.1 45.6 51.1 150.3 57.3 101.5 115.7 65.8 59.1 47.2 114.8 93.0 94.92019 106.5 108.0 52.1 107.6 59.7 76.1 96.8 89.4 82.5 48.0 53.1 152.2 57.8 102.9 116.5 66.3 60.3 48.2 114.5 93.1 94.92020 106.5 107.8 53.5 109.2 59.9 75.4 96.9 88.5 82.7 50.2 55.0 152.4 58.2 103.4 116.9 66.9 61.8 49.4 114.6 93.0 94.7

2021 106.6 107.7 54.8 110.5 60.1 74.8 96.8 88.0 83.0 52.2 56.5 152.8 58.9 103.4 116.9 67.5 63.4 50.3 115.2 92.9 94.5

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 D_W 4) ; 1960-91 including D_W 5) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

37

National final uses


(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 3) 4)

1960 : : 125.8 : : : : 176.3 : 137.5 : 100.0 : : : : 40.8 39.0 274.0

1965 : : 132.3 : : : : 169.3 : 122.1 : 100.0 : : : : 38.6 51.1 229.5

1970 : : 136.5 : : : : 168.5 : 104.1 : 100.0 : : : : 34.9 68.0 225.8

1975 : : 138.4 : : : : 157.4 : 90.7 : 100.0 : : : : 34.9 77.8 153.1

1980 : : 122.1 : : 17.9 16.7 133.3 : 104.5 : 100.0 : : : : 27.8 80.4 124.7

1985 : : 127.8 : : 35.0 43.4 128.2 : 114.6 : 100.0 : : : : 20.7 120.6 224.0

1990 : 14.0 114.6 : : 4.3 6.2 122.9 : 110.0 : 100.0 : : : : 20.6 111.5 130.0

1991 3.3 12.4 111.0 : : 7.0 4.4 127.2 : 111.7 : 100.0 : : : : 20.2 120.6 127.8

1991 3.3 12.6 112.4 : : 7.1 4.5 128.8 : 113.0 : 100.0 : : : : 20.4 122.0 129.41992 3.8 13.2 113.1 : 9.8 6.8 2.6 123.0 : 107.9 : 100.0 : : : : 19.0 123.0 124.51993 10.1 16.9 115.9 : 19.5 13.1 6.8 103.3 : 108.2 : 100.0 : : : : 23.3 157.6 144.31994 8.7 18.3 122.6 : 19.4 14.2 7.3 102.9 : 109.7 : 100.0 : : : : 15.9 167.0 143.31995 9.2 20.1 126.7 22.7 17.2 15.6 8.1 101.8 77.2 104.9 80.5 100.0 : : 12.1 : 18.2 163.5 131.91996 7.5 22.3 123.9 22.9 16.6 17.7 8.3 108.5 77.0 108.5 80.8 100.0 6.3 : 11.9 : 18.0 140.8 134.71997 6.6 22.7 120.5 25.4 17.4 18.9 8.5 105.7 74.5 128.8 81.1 100.0 4.8 : 10.6 : 19.9 136.5 149.01998 7.3 23.4 119.4 25.0 17.5 20.0 10.2 102.1 74.2 133.3 81.3 100.0 5.1 : 9.8 : 20.2 121.7 151.61999 7.7 22.9 116.1 22.5 18.5 19.7 8.2 103.5 73.8 136.0 81.3 100.0 6.2 : 9.6 14.4 19.0 139.9 160.12000 8.3 23.4 111.5 22.9 19.4 22.0 8.8 107.4 73.0 144.3 81.6 100.0 7.3 10.7 10.8 5.4 22.1 160.5 184.3

2001 9.5 25.4 110.7 25.9 21.9 24.7 9.6 97.6 74.0 142.0 82.2 100.0 7.7 13.5 10.1 10.2 15.4 143.5 190.72002 10.2 28.7 111.9 28.2 26.0 24.6 10.4 100.0 74.5 142.1 82.7 100.0 8.2 14.9 10.9 12.1 16.4 128.9 182.12003 10.9 28.9 113.3 29.1 28.1 21.9 10.9 102.8 75.7 133.4 82.7 100.0 8.7 15.0 11.5 12.6 18.2 114.5 157.12004 11.9 29.6 115.2 30.1 29.4 22.3 12.7 101.9 75.6 136.8 83.1 100.0 9.5 15.7 11.8 13.6 20.1 108.1 145.12005 13.3 32.0 117.1 31.6 30.8 25.3 16.5 100.7 76.4 136.8 83.7 100.0 10.3 15.8 12.4 14.0 23.4 103.6 148.22006 14.3 34.1 118.2 32.9 29.3 26.8 18.9 100.3 76.8 136.9 84.2 100.0 11.1 19.9 12.7 16.0 23.5 94.3 148.32007 16.8 35.8 117.9 34.7 32.1 28.8 23.9 101.4 77.7 136.8 85.0 100.0 12.5 22.4 13.4 18.7 25.5 82.9 136.32008 18.7 42.9 121.9 38.0 33.8 34.7 26.7 101.1 81.1 121.4 86.0 100.0 14.5 26.5 15.2 21.4 26.5 88.0 130.32009 19.0 42.1 124.0 37.3 30.9 31.0 23.7 97.9 82.1 110.2 85.6 100.0 14.6 24.3 15.5 20.4 24.3 104.4 140.32010 19.0 43.2 123.6 36.5 30.8 34.2 23.4 110.7 82.0 113.2 85.9 100.0 14.3 24.4 15.5 19.3 29.7 114.5 146.8

2011 20.2 44.4 123.6 36.1 31.2 35.2 24.1 117.4 82.4 112.6 86.2 100.0 14.5 24.9 15.7 21.4 29.4 116.4 142.02012 21.3 42.8 124.0 35.0 30.7 35.2 23.9 119.5 81.2 121.3 86.2 100.0 14.6 24.0 15.4 20.0 31.9 125.0 154.52013 20.3 42.0 124.5 34.9 30.6 35.4 24.9 121.9 81.4 120.2 86.3 100.0 15.1 24.8 16.0 21.0 32.9 101.0 152.52014 20.5 39.6 122.8 33.2 29.8 35.4 25.7 116.3 80.3 127.4 86.3 100.0 15.4 24.7 16.0 20.2 30.6 92.2 154.32015 20.9 39.7 120.1 32.3 29.6 34.7 26.5 112.4 78.7 138.7 86.3 100.0 15.3 24.7 16.0 19.2 31.6 92.8 182.92016 21.9 41.7 122.6 33.7 31.1 34.5 28.7 113.0 80.5 128.3 86.6 100.0 16.0 25.9 16.6 19.6 31.3 103.3 189.22017 23.3 45.0 124.3 35.4 33.3 37.2 31.6 112.3 82.1 121.9 87.2 100.0 16.8 27.1 16.7 20.7 29.1 98.1 189.82018 24.4 47.5 124.3 36.9 34.1 38.4 33.3 105.8 82.5 122.1 87.6 100.0 18.2 28.2 17.0 21.8 23.3 94.2 185.42019 26.1 48.8 124.1 38.1 35.6 39.7 36.1 101.7 82.8 122.5 88.0 100.0 19.4 28.8 17.3 22.7 23.3 99.9 198.32020 27.3 49.8 125.2 39.0 36.6 41.4 38.8 99.8 83.1 123.6 88.4 100.0 19.9 29.1 17.6 23.6 25.0 100.1 202.9

2021 28.4 50.6 126.2 39.8 38.1 42.9 41.5 99.5 83.4 124.4 88.7 100.0 20.4 29.1 17.9 24.5 27.1 99.1 204.3

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 4) 1960-91 including D_W

38

National final uses


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 99.8 121.7 : 87.8 70.6 70.7 88.8 88.1 : : : 131.6 : 108.0 101.7 52.5 : : 83.7 : 93.8

1965 95.2 119.7 : 80.9 77.5 83.3 89.8 92.6 : : : 133.9 : 107.9 99.6 56.5 : : 87.4 : 96.3

1970 93.0 116.2 : 80.5 87.9 84.7 93.0 104.1 : : : 113.5 : 109.7 98.0 59.8 : : 84.2 : 99.1

1975 96.5 116.4 : 76.5 90.5 90.0 94.2 102.7 : : : 127.0 : 103.8 104.1 63.6 : : 87.3 : 100.0

1980 101.3 122.1 : 80.0 94.6 83.2 95.5 106.3 : : : 126.8 : 102.1 107.1 64.0 : : 86.5 : 101.5

1985 103.7 122.4 : 73.8 84.9 78.3 97.0 105.3 : : : 133.0 : 95.4 109.6 62.0 : : 90.7 : 100.2

1990 99.4 117.6 : 77.7 86.6 82.5 95.6 105.6 75.0 60.8 47.5 141.4 : 93.1 106.9 71.9 63.9 : 89.3 : 99.7

1991 100.2 119.0 : 78.0 86.4 82.9 94.3 106.1 79.2 31.2 43.5 149.0 60.7 93.7 106.7 76.3 58.9 : 87.3 : 100.1

1991 101.4 111.2 : 78.9 87.4 83.8 95.4 107.3 80.1 31.5 44.0 150.8 61.4 94.8 107.9 77.2 59.6 : 88.3 : 99.81992 99.9 111.0 : 79.7 88.2 83.9 95.2 108.3 80.4 18.5 41.2 144.0 62.3 94.0 108.8 78.0 56.0 : 85.0 : 99.81993 97.9 110.8 29.9 79.5 87.0 82.7 94.8 106.7 74.6 22.3 37.5 142.4 63.4 94.8 108.6 78.7 61.4 37.7 84.0 96.1 99.21994 98.1 110.0 29.6 81.9 86.4 82.3 94.1 107.7 74.3 25.2 31.1 141.8 64.5 94.6 107.9 77.5 61.5 37.2 83.1 95.8 98.81995 98.3 109.1 29.6 82.7 86.6 82.0 93.8 108.8 87.3 29.7 31.3 139.9 69.2 95.2 107.4 76.9 66.3 38.2 82.4 95.8 98.71996 96.5 108.2 31.4 86.7 87.1 81.5 93.4 107.0 86.6 31.2 32.5 137.0 72.6 97.3 108.2 77.0 66.3 40.2 82.2 95.3 98.11997 95.3 106.0 35.1 87.3 87.3 82.3 91.9 107.7 84.8 33.0 33.1 135.5 73.1 98.8 106.2 76.9 66.8 40.4 83.3 94.7 97.41998 94.4 104.0 35.2 89.4 88.4 83.4 92.2 109.3 85.6 32.9 34.8 134.3 73.1 101.6 106.0 76.9 66.8 41.5 84.7 94.9 97.61999 93.1 104.7 33.4 90.4 86.6 83.6 91.6 108.8 84.8 33.8 35.7 138.7 74.4 104.5 104.1 78.8 68.9 41.0 85.0 95.0 97.72000 95.9 101.9 33.7 93.9 86.1 84.9 92.7 108.1 86.9 33.0 36.3 138.1 75.8 105.8 104.4 78.9 66.9 40.9 84.5 94.8 97.4

2001 95.5 102.4 35.6 94.4 87.8 86.3 94.2 105.6 89.2 35.3 39.1 137.4 74.8 104.5 101.8 77.6 66.6 43.8 83.7 94.9 97.32002 95.7 100.8 39.5 96.7 91.7 87.7 94.4 104.1 89.2 37.9 41.5 140.4 73.4 105.7 102.3 78.3 68.1 45.7 84.6 94.8 97.12003 95.0 102.6 43.3 97.4 92.9 87.0 91.7 103.9 88.7 40.6 46.7 140.8 76.4 102.4 104.4 79.1 69.6 46.1 86.6 94.7 96.92004 93.1 103.0 46.3 98.5 94.2 88.2 90.8 100.5 92.2 44.3 49.2 140.0 78.0 102.3 105.2 79.0 70.8 49.2 89.1 94.4 96.42005 93.3 102.2 50.4 99.4 94.8 89.9 93.0 99.8 95.8 47.7 52.7 138.6 78.6 102.9 105.6 82.1 71.2 51.1 89.2 94.9 96.92006 92.6 101.3 54.6 102.6 96.2 93.2 92.4 100.6 96.7 53.2 55.8 138.9 77.4 101.6 105.2 83.6 68.9 54.3 90.1 95.4 97.22007 92.2 100.4 58.4 107.4 95.9 94.4 93.2 101.2 106.1 54.9 61.3 136.8 76.1 102.7 103.5 84.2 70.7 57.8 92.8 95.9 97.52008 93.1 101.0 58.7 104.3 100.7 92.6 92.7 101.6 112.7 54.7 65.4 138.1 74.7 102.7 103.8 85.6 73.2 63.9 95.8 96.2 97.62009 95.1 103.7 53.4 97.4 101.5 89.6 94.2 101.8 105.9 50.2 60.6 137.7 78.2 99.9 107.4 84.1 74.2 67.2 97.1 96.6 98.12010 98.0 104.5 54.2 98.5 93.4 88.0 95.0 101.1 105.1 53.0 61.3 131.6 76.9 97.9 107.5 85.9 74.7 68.3 98.0 96.5 97.9

2011 97.9 106.9 57.2 96.2 84.4 86.2 95.2 102.2 101.3 56.1 65.8 133.0 77.5 98.3 109.7 81.5 75.6 67.1 100.5 96.7 98.12012 100.2 108.2 60.2 95.7 80.4 85.8 93.7 100.3 96.8 58.9 69.7 133.9 76.4 97.8 113.0 79.9 75.9 68.7 100.4 96.4 97.72013 101.4 108.3 62.5 95.2 81.5 84.4 95.2 96.9 89.8 61.9 73.4 133.0 75.7 98.8 113.5 80.6 74.2 68.4 99.2 96.1 97.32014 101.1 108.8 63.7 95.2 81.6 86.3 94.4 95.0 89.8 63.3 75.6 135.2 73.8 96.6 112.9 82.3 73.5 69.2 98.6 96.0 97.12015 101.3 107.3 64.3 97.2 79.5 87.0 93.9 95.5 91.7 63.6 76.7 133.1 73.9 96.4 112.0 82.8 72.7 68.9 98.5 95.7 96.82016 101.4 107.2 65.8 98.1 77.6 87.5 93.9 96.8 93.2 64.0 78.6 131.5 72.8 94.2 111.4 83.5 73.6 69.8 98.3 95.9 97.02017 101.5 106.8 66.5 98.0 77.0 89.1 93.5 97.4 94.7 66.0 81.2 129.2 71.8 94.8 110.5 83.0 74.7 70.7 97.5 96.1 97.12018 102.1 106.4 68.8 99.1 77.4 89.0 93.6 97.0 96.5 68.6 83.8 129.5 71.8 95.5 110.5 83.3 76.3 72.6 98.2 96.1 97.02019 102.1 106.3 70.1 101.5 77.6 88.4 94.0 97.1 98.3 71.1 85.5 130.3 72.1 96.1 110.9 84.1 77.0 73.5 98.1 96.3 97.12020 101.9 105.7 71.1 103.1 78.5 87.9 94.5 96.9 98.7 73.8 87.1 130.1 72.4 96.7 111.4 84.9 78.4 74.8 98.1 96.3 97.1

2021 101.5 105.4 72.0 104.4 78.8 87.2 94.8 96.8 99.0 76.4 88.8 129.9 72.9 97.0 111.2 85.6 79.7 75.8 98.2 96.3 97.0

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

39

National final uses


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 : : 114.3 : : : : 123.5 : 123.3 : 100.0 : : : : 64.1 47.9 157.7

1965 : : 112.3 : : : : 120.5 : 112.9 : 100.0 : : : : 58.1 58.7 152.4

1970 : : 108.6 : : : : 114.7 : 101.0 : 100.0 : : : : 56.2 70.3 146.5

1975 : : 97.4 : : : : 107.5 : 99.2 : 100.0 : : : : 56.5 77.3 139.3

1980 : : 96.2 : : : : 99.3 : 93.2 : 100.0 : : : : 55.9 82.4 138.7

1985 : : 100.1 : : : : 99.1 : 99.2 : 100.0 : : : : 51.3 91.3 148.2

1990 : 65.7 89.1 : : 28.6 34.8 95.0 : 103.4 : 100.0 : : : : 52.2 98.0 149.7

1991 32.0 54.8 88.9 : : 32.3 27.7 94.7 : 101.5 : 100.0 : : : : 52.4 98.3 145.5

1991 32.4 55.5 90.0 : : 32.7 28.0 95.8 : 102.6 : 100.0 : : : : 53.0 99.5 147.21992 36.3 55.6 90.3 : 43.5 34.3 26.3 93.5 : 102.7 : 100.0 : : : : 53.7 99.9 149.01993 40.4 54.7 89.8 : 44.9 36.4 27.2 92.9 : 106.4 : 100.0 : : : : 56.8 101.5 152.71994 40.8 54.0 94.5 : 44.1 37.3 27.6 92.2 : 107.7 : 100.0 : : : : 52.4 101.8 153.51995 36.7 55.7 94.7 43.3 41.0 37.8 31.1 90.5 83.0 108.6 86.0 100.0 : : 29.5 : 54.8 102.7 153.81996 40.1 57.5 94.5 43.8 39.4 40.4 33.3 90.2 83.1 111.8 86.5 100.0 : : 29.7 : 54.0 103.0 154.51997 28.7 57.9 95.0 47.3 38.6 42.6 30.9 89.8 82.5 115.3 86.5 100.0 19.1 : 29.4 : 56.5 101.7 154.81998 25.4 55.2 94.7 44.6 39.5 43.3 31.5 88.7 82.7 114.6 86.5 100.0 19.5 : 29.2 : 42.3 98.0 155.71999 26.6 55.0 91.3 42.2 41.5 44.4 28.4 90.7 82.7 114.3 86.6 100.0 20.4 : 28.4 : 40.1 97.0 158.02000 28.2 53.9 89.0 43.0 42.6 44.7 26.6 91.8 82.5 115.8 86.6 100.0 21.3 34.0 30.6 30.3 41.9 95.8 157.9

2001 30.6 55.4 87.1 46.0 45.1 45.2 28.2 88.2 82.9 116.7 87.0 100.0 21.3 39.4 27.5 31.3 37.6 95.6 156.82002 32.5 55.6 88.2 49.0 48.6 47.9 30.2 88.4 83.5 117.6 87.7 100.0 22.9 43.2 30.2 32.6 36.3 96.1 156.32003 34.1 58.2 87.4 49.7 52.3 47.8 31.1 88.7 83.7 119.1 88.0 100.0 24.1 40.1 31.6 32.5 37.6 96.5 159.62004 36.1 58.7 90.9 50.5 51.7 49.5 36.5 89.7 84.1 121.1 88.6 100.0 24.2 40.7 33.6 36.9 40.4 97.2 162.12005 39.2 58.8 91.5 51.4 52.5 49.0 38.3 88.6 84.7 118.8 88.8 100.0 25.3 40.0 35.3 38.5 42.3 98.3 165.62006 39.5 58.5 92.9 53.7 51.4 49.2 41.7 89.0 85.3 117.0 89.2 100.0 26.7 51.6 36.0 40.7 44.1 96.7 162.82007 43.6 60.6 93.5 57.2 52.3 51.1 46.6 91.9 86.4 114.7 89.9 100.0 30.1 55.5 36.5 42.7 46.6 96.7 162.52008 44.8 63.6 94.8 58.7 53.8 54.8 52.0 91.7 87.4 114.1 90.7 100.0 33.1 60.3 40.1 46.1 47.5 95.2 158.82009 43.0 65.5 95.9 57.3 54.4 57.6 51.5 93.6 88.0 111.0 90.9 100.0 35.0 52.4 41.5 46.2 46.6 94.9 157.12010 44.4 64.5 97.9 55.5 54.2 61.2 51.8 94.5 88.3 111.6 91.2 100.0 36.0 53.3 41.0 46.2 52.0 96.2 157.2

2011 45.0 65.3 98.4 57.0 55.9 64.1 52.5 95.6 89.0 110.4 91.6 100.0 36.9 54.6 39.9 48.0 56.8 95.8 157.62012 48.2 65.0 97.9 57.7 56.6 65.8 54.8 96.4 89.1 112.4 92.0 100.0 37.3 52.1 40.0 47.8 58.1 98.5 159.22013 45.5 66.5 98.3 57.6 56.5 65.6 53.4 95.5 88.8 114.4 92.0 100.0 37.3 53.1 40.3 47.0 60.6 100.7 157.72014 47.5 67.2 97.9 56.1 55.6 65.8 54.9 95.0 88.8 115.2 92.1 100.0 39.4 53.4 40.6 46.7 63.1 98.4 160.72015 48.3 67.2 98.4 56.2 55.5 65.9 56.8 95.3 88.7 116.7 92.3 100.0 40.1 55.0 40.7 45.7 66.1 96.6 162.92016 48.9 68.1 97.7 57.3 55.6 65.9 61.3 92.0 89.0 116.5 92.6 100.0 39.5 56.4 40.9 45.5 64.8 93.6 162.12017 50.0 70.7 99.5 58.7 56.6 67.7 65.8 91.5 89.7 115.7 93.0 100.0 40.4 56.8 39.7 45.6 65.3 90.8 160.42018 51.2 72.5 100.0 60.6 58.2 69.2 67.7 91.4 90.1 115.9 93.4 100.0 40.9 58.4 40.6 46.4 61.9 91.0 164.42019 53.3 73.9 100.1 62.3 60.4 71.2 70.8 90.3 90.6 115.5 93.9 100.0 42.0 60.2 41.0 47.8 61.7 91.2 166.42020 55.0 75.2 100.9 63.4 62.1 73.2 74.2 90.3 91.1 115.6 94.3 100.0 42.9 61.0 41.7 49.3 61.9 90.7 168.0

2021 56.7 76.2 101.3 64.2 63.8 74.8 77.2 90.0 91.5 115.9 94.7 100.0 43.8 60.8 42.2 50.6 61.9 90.4 168.9

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 including D_W

40

National final uses

16. Private final consumption expenditure at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 3.7 5.1 : 3.4 7.1 7.3 5.4 6.4 : : : 4.4 : 6.2 4.1 5.3 : : 5.2 : 5.6

1971-1980 4.0 3.4 : 4.1 5.2 3.8 3.7 3.6 : : : 4.1 : 3.3 4.1 4.9 : : 3.3 : 3.6

1981-1990 2.0 2.1 : 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 : : : 2.9 : 1.2 2.3 4.0 : : 3.6 : 2.3

1991 3.0 4.4 : 1.8 2.8 2.9 0.7 2.6 : : : 7.0 : 2.7 3.0 8.3 -10.9 : -3.0 : 2.71992 1.9 2.9 : 2.9 2.3 2.2 1.1 1.6 : : : -2.3 : 0.7 3.5 3.6 -3.6 : -4.2 : 1.91993 -0.4 0.1 : 2.9 -0.7 -1.9 -0.1 -3.0 : : : 2.0 : 0.8 0.1 0.6 13.8 : -2.7 : -0.81994 2.4 1.4 0.9 4.4 2.0 1.1 1.7 1.5 : : : 4.0 : 2.0 2.0 0.8 4.0 : 2.6 : 1.61995 1.6 1.5 5.1 3.4 2.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 24.4 : : 1.9 : 2.7 0.9 1.7 9.1 5.4 4.9 : 1.71996 2.0 1.6 9.8 7.1 2.7 2.5 2.0 1.0 3.7 5.6 6.3 2.0 7.1 4.9 2.9 3.5 2.8 7.8 3.8 2.1 2.01997 1.5 0.7 13.2 6.4 4.5 2.8 0.5 3.5 2.5 5.4 5.6 2.6 1.6 4.2 0.4 3.4 2.9 3.8 3.5 1.9 1.81998 3.1 1.4 3.6 7.8 4.6 4.4 4.0 3.4 7.2 1.0 4.8 2.2 2.5 5.6 2.9 4.8 2.9 5.0 4.8 3.2 3.21999 2.1 2.6 0.4 9.4 3.5 4.8 3.5 2.8 4.2 3.4 5.0 6.0 6.1 6.0 2.4 5.3 6.6 -0.7 3.3 3.3 3.32000 2.8 1.7 7.0 10.6 2.5 4.4 3.7 2.7 8.0 2.2 7.1 4.3 7.4 3.7 3.1 3.7 -0.1 2.5 2.1 2.9 2.9

1991-2000 2.0 1.8 : 5.6 2.7 2.5 1.9 1.7 : : : 2.9 : 3.3 2.1 3.6 2.5 : 1.5 : 2.0

2001 0.9 1.2 6.9 4.6 3.6 3.9 2.5 0.6 5.5 5.1 4.2 3.8 2.4 2.0 1.3 0.9 2.9 5.3 2.7 1.8 1.82002 0.6 -1.4 9.7 3.7 5.1 3.1 2.1 0.0 3.1 6.0 6.2 4.4 -1.0 1.2 0.7 1.3 2.4 5.7 2.5 0.7 0.72003 0.7 0.4 9.7 2.9 4.5 2.4 1.5 0.7 4.4 8.0 11.3 2.3 4.5 -0.1 1.7 -0.3 3.5 0.9 4.1 1.2 1.12004 1.1 0.6 8.1 3.6 3.6 4.1 2.0 1.0 7.2 10.4 10.9 0.9 1.9 0.8 2.3 2.6 2.5 7.3 3.8 1.7 1.62005 1.4 0.8 9.7 7.1 3.2 4.1 2.4 1.4 3.9 10.2 11.6 -0.1 2.8 0.9 2.2 1.6 2.1 4.5 3.2 2.0 1.92006 1.8 1.4 12.8 6.7 2.8 4.0 2.1 1.3 3.9 19.6 9.1 2.8 2.9 -0.2 2.1 1.5 1.3 6.3 3.9 2.0 1.92007 2.1 -0.2 8.4 6.6 4.1 3.4 2.6 1.2 9.7 10.2 12.4 2.3 0.7 1.9 1.1 2.5 6.5 7.9 3.5 1.8 1.72008 1.4 0.3 -4.5 0.3 3.6 -0.7 0.5 -1.1 8.2 -7.9 3.9 1.3 -0.2 0.9 0.9 1.4 2.9 7.0 2.0 0.3 0.22009 0.6 -0.1 -13.7 -5.1 -1.7 -3.6 0.3 -1.5 -6.5 -16.2 -17.4 1.2 1.8 -1.9 0.9 -2.3 2.1 -0.2 -2.9 -1.1 -1.02010 3.0 0.7 -0.9 0.4 -6.5 0.4 1.9 1.1 4.6 1.8 -3.7 1.2 -0.2 0.1 1.0 2.4 1.0 0.8 3.0 0.9 0.9

2001-2010 1.4 0.4 4.3 3.0 2.2 2.1 1.8 0.5 4.3 4.2 4.4 2.0 1.5 0.6 1.4 1.1 2.7 4.5 2.6 1.1 1.1

2011 0.9 1.9 3.5 -1.6 -9.7 -2.5 0.6 0.1 -0.9 3.7 4.3 1.5 2.9 0.1 1.3 -3.7 0.8 -1.9 2.9 0.1 0.12012 1.5 1.5 4.4 -0.9 -8.0 -3.3 -0.4 -3.7 -2.8 3.6 3.1 2.9 -0.4 -1.1 0.5 -5.3 -2.2 0.4 0.4 -1.1 -1.12013 1.7 0.4 3.6 0.3 -2.6 -2.9 0.5 -2.4 -7.0 5.7 4.4 2.0 2.0 -1.0 -0.1 -1.0 -3.9 -1.2 -0.5 -0.6 -0.72014 0.6 1.1 3.6 2.5 0.6 1.7 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.1 3.8 4.1 2.4 0.4 0.3 2.4 1.6 1.9 0.6 0.9 0.92015 1.6 1.9 5.0 3.1 -0.2 2.9 1.5 1.8 2.8 2.5 4.1 1.8 5.0 2.0 0.5 2.0 2.0 2.8 1.9 1.9 1.82016 1.9 2.3 4.6 5.4 0.0 2.7 1.8 1.2 4.4 1.5 4.0 3.4 2.4 1.1 1.6 2.6 4.4 3.9 2.4 2.0 1.92017 1.8 1.3 2.8 3.1 0.9 3.0 1.4 1.5 4.5 3.1 3.5 2.2 3.3 2.1 1.4 2.1 2.3 4.3 1.0 1.7 1.72018 1.5 1.3 4.3 3.4 1.1 1.8 0.9 0.8 3.3 4.2 3.7 3.3 7.3 2.3 1.1 3.1 3.4 3.9 1.8 1.4 1.32019 1.0 1.3 3.4 2.7 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.4 3.8 3.2 3.3 3.1 4.2 1.5 1.5 2.3 3.0 1.8 0.6 1.1 1.12020 1.2 1.1 3.0 2.5 1.5 1.0 1.4 0.5 2.7 3.6 3.2 2.7 3.8 1.7 1.5 1.9 2.9 2.4 1.1 1.2 1.1

2011-2020 1.4 1.4 3.8 2.0 -1.7 0.5 1.0 0.0 1.0 3.2 3.7 2.7 3.3 0.9 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.8

2021 1.3 1.1 2.6 2.4 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.6 2.5 3.5 3.1 2.5 3.7 1.5 1.3 1.9 3.0 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.1


41

National final uses

16. Private final consumption expenditure at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 4.7 : : : : 3.7 : 2.5 : 4.8 : : : : 4.9 9.0 4.4

1971-1980 : : 1.9 : : : : 1.6 : 2.4 : 3.3 : : : : 5.1 4.7 3.2

1981-1990 : : 1.4 : : : : 1.7 : 3.7 : 2.5 : : : : 3.1 4.0 3.5

1991 : -17.5 1.6 : : 6.6 -16.3 0.2 : -0.5 : 2.0 : : : : 2.7 2.2 0.21992 1.0 4.4 2.6 : : 2.4 -7.5 -1.5 : 0.9 : 1.7 : : : : 3.2 2.1 3.71993 -0.8 1.4 -0.9 : : 5.4 0.9 -2.9 : 3.0 : -0.2 : : : : 8.6 1.0 3.51994 -2.6 3.8 6.7 : : 3.9 2.4 1.9 : 3.3 : 2.0 : : : : -5.4 2.3 3.91995 -0.5 5.5 1.7 : : 3.7 12.9 1.0 : 2.2 : 1.8 : : : : 4.8 2.5 3.01996 3.4 7.5 2.5 1.8 -2.4 8.6 7.6 1.9 2.2 3.7 2.5 2.3 : : 3.0 2.5 8.5 2.1 3.51997 -32.5 2.9 2.9 11.9 2.0 7.3 -4.6 3.1 2.0 5.1 2.5 2.4 -18.0 : 3.1 4.1 8.4 0.7 3.81998 -2.0 -0.6 2.4 -1.2 4.8 4.9 6.0 3.4 3.2 4.3 3.4 3.4 -5.4 : 3.3 2.8 0.6 -0.6 5.31999 7.3 3.1 -0.1 -2.9 6.7 5.5 -4.2 4.0 3.3 4.5 3.5 3.5 2.9 : 3.6 -9.4 -0.4 1.2 5.32000 9.3 1.6 0.4 3.2 3.1 2.9 1.5 5.4 2.9 4.5 3.3 3.3 6.2 : 11.2 5.1 4.5 1.6 5.1

1991-2000 : 1.0 1.9 : : 5.1 -0.5 1.6 : 3.1 : 2.2 : : : : 3.5 1.5 3.7

2001 7.7 2.9 0.2 4.1 4.5 2.0 8.3 0.8 1.9 3.5 2.2 2.1 4.0 : -10.1 1.6 -6.7 1.9 2.52002 5.8 3.0 1.4 8.0 7.9 3.9 7.1 2.2 1.0 3.2 1.5 1.3 7.2 : 9.9 9.2 4.0 1.2 2.62003 6.4 4.8 1.3 3.9 8.4 1.6 8.4 1.8 1.4 3.4 1.8 1.6 10.4 : 4.5 2.7 8.1 0.7 3.22004 9.4 3.5 4.6 4.0 2.0 4.2 15.8 2.8 2.0 3.2 2.2 2.0 3.7 : 7.5 12.7 9.6 1.3 3.82005 7.5 3.3 3.7 3.9 2.9 1.8 11.2 3.4 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.1 6.4 : 7.2 2.4 6.3 1.2 3.62006 8.5 3.8 2.9 3.3 1.5 4.8 10.2 3.0 2.3 1.6 2.1 1.9 6.9 : 3.7 10.5 3.7 1.0 3.12007 11.3 4.2 1.8 6.3 1.0 5.6 13.8 3.9 2.2 2.4 2.2 1.9 12.7 11.8 7.6 7.7 5.3 0.9 2.22008 3.4 2.9 0.5 1.3 -1.3 6.8 8.7 0.7 0.6 -0.4 0.4 0.1 10.1 11.2 4.8 4.5 0.3 -1.0 -0.22009 -4.4 -0.6 -3.4 -7.4 -6.7 3.6 -6.4 1.2 -1.1 -2.7 -1.4 -1.3 0.7 -14.2 -3.3 -3.3 -3.7 -0.7 -1.32010 0.3 1.1 0.8 -1.5 -2.8 2.7 -5.0 4.3 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.6 2.0 3.8 -0.6 10.8 2.4 1.7

2001-2010 5.5 2.9 1.4 2.5 1.7 3.7 7.0 2.4 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.3 6.3 : 3.4 4.6 3.6 0.9 2.1

2011 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 3.1 1.4 1.9 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 1.8 0.5 -5.4 1.4 12.3 -0.4 1.92012 3.3 -1.2 0.5 -3.0 -2.4 0.7 2.0 0.6 -0.9 1.6 -0.5 -0.5 0.1 -3.9 1.2 -1.7 3.2 2.0 1.52013 -2.6 0.5 0.3 -1.8 0.0 0.3 0.1 1.8 -0.5 2.7 0.1 0.1 1.8 1.6 1.9 -1.7 7.9 2.4 1.52014 2.9 1.8 0.9 -1.6 2.3 2.4 4.7 2.9 1.1 2.3 1.3 1.2 2.8 2.9 2.2 -0.1 3.0 -0.9 3.02015 3.8 3.7 2.3 1.1 3.8 3.0 6.0 3.5 2.1 3.0 2.2 2.1 1.2 2.2 4.4 -0.3 5.4 -0.2 3.72016 3.5 3.6 2.1 3.5 4.9 3.9 7.9 2.0 2.2 3.6 2.5 2.3 2.1 5.4 3.9 1.3 3.7 -0.1 2.72017 3.8 4.3 2.1 3.6 4.7 4.5 10.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.2 3.9 0.7 1.9 6.2 1.1 2.62018 4.4 3.2 2.2 3.5 4.8 4.2 5.2 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4 3.2 4.6 2.9 3.1 0.0 0.3 3.02019 6.1 2.8 1.5 3.6 4.9 4.0 5.8 0.8 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.1 3.1 3.6 3.1 3.3 0.0 0.6 2.62020 3.8 2.4 2.0 3.1 3.8 3.8 5.2 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.3 2.9 2.4 2.9 3.8 2.9 -0.2 2.2

2011-2020 3.1 2.1 1.4 1.2 2.7 3.0 4.8 1.9 1.1 2.0 1.2 1.1 2.1 2.3 1.7 1.1 4.4 0.5 2.5

2021 3.7 2.2 1.8 2.9 3.4 3.4 5.0 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.3 2.9 2.0 2.9 3.5 3.0 0.5 2.1


42

National final uses

17. Final consumption expenditure of general government at current prices



1960-1970 15.8 14.6 : 13.8 12.7 8.9 15.9 14.5 7.5 : : 11.3 15.1 17.2 13.4 10.7 : : 13.6 : 14.6

1971-1980 20.6 18.5 : 17.9 14.2 11.2 19.2 16.0 10.2 : : 14.3 15.9 21.3 16.2 12.3 : : 16.7 : 17.7

1981-1990 22.4 19.3 : 18.9 17.5 15.2 22.0 18.3 11.9 : : 16.2 15.5 22.6 18.4 14.2 : : 19.4 : 19.6

1991 17.8 19.4

1991 20.9 18.7 : 18.3 16.5 16.9 21.7 19.6 14.2 9.0 11.9 15.3 16.0 21.9 18.2 16.8 17.2 23.8 23.9 : 19.61992 21.0 19.2 : 18.7 15.9 17.8 22.3 19.5 14.7 10.4 14.3 15.9 16.5 22.4 18.5 17.0 18.4 29.6 24.3 : 20.01993 21.3 19.4 20.6 18.5 16.6 18.3 23.4 19.4 13.0 17.5 17.0 15.8 17.6 22.7 19.3 17.6 19.1 28.1 23.3 20.4 20.41994 21.1 19.3 23.3 18.3 16.0 17.8 23.2 18.7 12.8 17.5 21.5 15.4 17.8 22.5 19.4 17.4 18.3 24.0 22.4 20.1 20.11995 21.3 19.4 24.6 17.2 17.8 17.6 23.2 17.4 12.4 23.6 24.0 15.9 18.0 22.4 19.6 17.5 17.8 23.8 21.9 20.0 20.01996 21.7 19.7 22.6 16.6 17.6 17.5 23.5 17.6 13.1 22.0 24.1 16.1 19.1 21.4 19.6 17.7 17.7 25.3 22.2 20.1 20.11997 21.2 19.4 20.4 16.1 17.7 17.0 23.4 17.7 14.8 21.1 24.2 16.3 18.4 21.0 19.6 17.6 17.6 23.0 21.3 19.8 19.81998 21.1 19.1 20.7 15.5 17.5 16.9 22.6 17.5 16.1 22.7 25.9 15.8 18.3 20.8 19.6 17.8 17.6 23.2 20.6 19.5 19.51999 21.3 19.2 22.1 14.9 18.0 16.8 22.6 17.5 16.1 22.6 23.7 15.3 17.8 20.6 19.8 18.0 17.8 21.1 20.3 19.5 19.52000 21.0 19.0 19.8 14.7 18.3 16.7 22.3 17.7 15.1 21.0 22.4 14.8 17.7 20.6 19.2 18.9 18.5 20.7 19.7 19.4 19.4

1991-2000 21.2 19.2 : 16.9 17.2 17.3 22.8 18.3 14.2 18.7 20.9 15.7 17.7 21.6 19.3 17.6 18.0 24.3 22.0 : 19.8

2001 21.3 18.9 18.8 15.4 18.7 16.5 22.1 18.4 15.9 20.6 21.1 15.8 19.0 21.0 19.0 19.2 18.8 20.9 19.9 19.5 19.52002 22.1 19.2 18.3 15.8 19.2 16.6 22.7 18.5 16.6 20.7 20.6 16.2 18.8 22.1 18.8 19.6 18.7 20.4 20.6 19.8 19.82003 22.5 19.3 18.0 16.0 19.0 16.8 23.1 19.0 17.9 21.0 19.6 16.8 18.8 22.9 19.0 20.1 18.8 20.7 21.1 20.1 20.12004 22.2 18.8 17.5 16.1 19.2 17.2 23.0 19.2 16.6 19.9 19.2 17.0 19.1 22.5 18.9 20.4 18.8 18.8 21.2 20.0 20.02005 22.1 18.8 17.0 16.0 20.0 17.3 23.1 19.6 16.5 17.9 18.5 17.1 18.1 22.3 19.3 21.0 18.9 18.5 21.4 20.1 20.12006 21.9 18.3 16.0 16.2 20.2 17.4 22.8 19.5 16.9 17.2 19.1 15.9 18.6 23.2 19.3 20.3 18.7 18.8 21.3 19.9 19.92007 21.6 17.9 16.1 16.9 20.5 17.7 22.4 19.0 16.4 17.6 17.4 15.2 17.9 23.2 18.7 19.6 17.5 17.1 20.8 19.6 19.72008 22.7 18.3 18.7 18.8 20.7 18.8 22.6 19.6 17.1 19.7 18.7 15.7 19.7 23.5 19.3 19.8 18.2 17.5 21.6 20.1 20.22009 24.2 20.0 21.1 20.1 23.3 20.6 24.1 20.7 18.8 19.1 21.2 17.5 19.8 26.0 20.7 21.3 20.2 20.0 24.1 21.8 21.82010 23.7 19.6 20.1 18.8 22.2 20.6 24.0 20.6 18.5 18.4 19.9 17.0 19.5 26.2 20.5 20.6 20.4 19.2 23.7 21.6 21.6

2001-2010 22.4 18.9 18.1 17.0 20.3 18.0 23.0 19.4 17.1 19.2 19.5 16.4 18.9 23.3 19.3 20.2 18.9 19.2 21.6 20.2 20.3

2011 24.0 19.1 18.7 18.3 21.8 20.7 23.7 19.8 19.1 18.2 18.4 16.7 19.7 25.8 19.9 19.7 20.6 18.3 23.4 21.1 21.22012 24.3 19.3 18.5 17.7 21.7 20.0 24.0 19.8 18.8 17.4 17.5 17.4 20.2 26.0 19.9 18.3 20.4 17.7 24.1 21.2 21.22013 24.3 19.6 19.0 16.9 20.4 19.9 24.1 19.8 18.5 17.6 16.7 17.3 19.3 25.8 19.9 18.8 19.6 18.0 24.5 21.3 21.32014 24.2 19.6 19.1 16.0 20.3 19.6 24.1 19.5 16.8 17.5 16.6 16.7 18.9 25.7 19.8 18.4 18.9 18.4 24.5 21.1 21.22015 23.6 19.6 20.0 12.3 20.3 19.5 23.8 19.1 16.4 18.1 17.2 16.5 17.5 25.0 19.8 17.9 18.8 18.6 24.4 20.7 20.82016 23.2 19.8 20.4 12.3 20.1 19.1 23.7 19.0 15.3 18.1 17.0 15.9 16.1 24.7 19.7 17.6 19.1 18.9 23.7 20.7 20.72017 23.1 19.9 19.9 12.0 19.8 18.6 23.7 18.8 15.0 18.1 16.3 16.4 15.4 24.3 19.5 17.2 18.4 18.9 22.8 20.5 20.62018 23.1 19.9 19.6 11.9 19.1 18.6 23.4 19.0 14.9 17.8 16.5 16.7 16.3 24.2 19.3 17.0 18.3 18.6 22.7 20.4 20.52019 23.1 20.3 19.7 12.1 19.6 18.7 23.1 19.1 16.3 17.8 16.7 17.1 17.7 24.5 19.3 17.2 18.5 19.2 23.0 20.6 20.62020 23.2 20.4 19.6 12.1 19.2 18.8 22.9 19.1 18.2 17.8 16.7 17.4 17.8 24.8 19.3 17.4 18.5 19.6 23.4 20.6 20.6

2011-2020 23.6 19.7 19.4 14.2 20.2 19.3 23.7 19.3 16.9 17.8 17.0 16.8 17.9 25.1 19.6 18.0 19.1 18.6 23.6 20.8 20.9

2021 23.3 20.5 19.5 12.0 18.9 18.8 22.7 18.9 18.6 17.9 16.7 17.5 17.8 24.7 19.3 17.5 18.4 19.8 23.6 20.6 20.6


43

National final uses

17. Final consumption expenditure of general government at current prices



1960-1970 : : 17.4 : : : : 17.6 : 16.2 : 15.1 : : : : 7.2 11.5 16.6

1971-1980 : : 23.9 : : : : 24.2 : 18.4 : 18.2 : : : : 9.3 13.6 16.7

1981-1990 : : 25.2 : : 13.1 5.0 25.9 : 17.8 : 19.6 : : : : 7.8 14.2 16.0

1991 19.4

1991 17.4 18.3 24.2 : : 24.6 13.6 26.3 : 17.5 : 19.6 : : : : 10.3 13.7 16.31992 18.6 20.7 24.2 : 25.8 23.3 12.8 27.5 : 18.1 : 20.0 : : : : 10.8 14.1 16.11993 17.3 20.9 25.3 : 27.7 21.9 11.0 27.6 : 17.6 : 20.2 : : : : 10.9 14.6 15.61994 15.8 21.4 24.4 : 25.5 18.9 12.3 26.6 : 17.3 : 20.0 : : : : 9.7 15.0 15.21995 15.3 20.4 24.1 25.0 22.9 18.9 12.2 25.7 20.2 17.1 19.8 19.8 : : 17.3 18.4 9.0 15.4 14.91996 13.8 19.7 24.1 22.5 21.6 18.5 11.7 26.0 20.3 16.7 19.8 19.8 9.5 : 16.9 18.3 9.7 15.4 14.51997 12.1 20.3 23.6 21.7 21.3 18.1 12.7 25.5 20.0 16.1 19.4 19.4 10.4 : 18.4 21.2 10.3 15.6 14.21998 18.3 19.3 24.1 22.7 20.9 17.7 11.9 25.6 19.7 16.1 19.1 19.1 10.8 : 18.8 19.9 10.6 16.0 14.01999 19.6 20.2 24.4 23.5 21.3 17.9 16.7 25.6 19.8 16.6 19.3 19.3 11.1 : 19.1 18.9 12.7 16.5 14.02000 19.8 19.9 23.9 21.3 21.2 18.1 16.9 24.7 19.7 16.8 19.1 19.1 9.7 15.5 16.9 19.3 12.0 16.9 14.0

1991-2000 16.8 20.1 24.2 : : 19.8 13.2 26.1 : 17.0 : 19.6 : : : : 10.6 15.3 14.9

2001 19.4 19.8 24.3 19.2 21.1 18.7 15.8 24.9 19.7 17.4 19.3 19.3 10.6 17.8 23.8 21.5 12.7 17.5 14.52002 19.2 21.3 24.9 18.9 21.9 18.6 14.8 25.6 20.1 18.2 19.8 19.8 11.3 17.6 20.8 24.0 12.9 18.1 15.02003 20.1 22.3 25.0 18.4 23.0 18.9 16.0 25.9 20.4 18.9 20.1 20.2 11.1 18.9 18.1 24.2 12.7 18.2 15.22004 19.4 21.0 24.9 18.4 22.1 18.3 14.7 25.2 20.2 19.5 20.1 20.2 11.2 18.6 17.4 22.6 12.4 18.1 15.22005 18.2 20.7 24.5 18.3 22.2 18.3 16.2 25.1 20.3 19.7 20.2 20.3 11.0 21.2 16.2 19.5 12.3 18.1 15.12006 18.1 20.2 24.2 18.3 22.0 18.5 15.9 24.8 20.1 19.8 20.0 20.1 10.5 19.1 16.5 20.4 13.0 18.0 15.02007 16.7 19.4 24.3 18.9 20.8 18.1 15.4 24.3 19.8 19.6 19.8 19.9 10.5 19.9 16.8 20.7 13.5 17.9 15.22008 17.2 19.4 25.1 18.5 21.4 18.6 15.9 24.7 20.3 20.4 20.3 20.5 10.4 22.2 18.6 20.1 13.7 18.4 16.02009 16.7 21.0 27.9 20.3 22.1 18.7 16.1 26.1 21.9 22.0 21.9 22.1 11.1 21.9 19.1 19.5 15.8 19.6 16.82010 16.6 20.8 27.4 20.2 21.6 19.1 15.5 25.1 21.6 21.7 21.6 21.8 11.2 22.1 18.3 19.1 15.0 19.5 16.7

2001-2010 18.2 20.6 25.3 18.9 21.8 18.6 15.6 25.2 20.4 19.7 20.3 20.4 10.9 19.9 18.6 21.2 13.4 18.3 15.5

2011 15.9 20.2 26.6 20.2 20.7 18.1 14.3 25.0 21.2 21.0 21.1 21.4 11.0 21.1 18.1 18.9 13.7 20.2 16.22012 15.9 19.8 26.5 20.3 20.1 17.9 14.5 25.8 21.2 20.8 21.2 21.4 10.8 21.1 18.6 19.0 14.2 20.3 15.52013 17.2 20.2 26.0 20.2 19.8 18.1 14.1 26.3 21.3 20.1 21.1 21.4 11.0 19.5 17.5 17.9 14.1 20.2 15.12014 16.9 19.7 25.8 20.6 20.1 18.2 14.2 26.2 21.2 19.8 21.0 21.2 11.5 19.4 17.1 18.1 14.1 20.2 14.62015 16.1 19.2 25.5 19.9 19.8 18.0 13.7 25.8 20.8 19.5 20.6 20.8 11.1 19.2 17.0 16.4 13.9 19.8 14.42016 15.6 19.3 25.0 19.4 20.1 17.9 15.1 26.4 20.8 19.1 20.5 20.7 11.3 19.6 15.4 16.0 14.8 19.9 14.32017 15.6 19.2 24.6 19.5 20.3 17.7 15.7 26.1 20.6 18.7 20.3 20.5 11.5 18.4 14.9 16.2 14.5 19.7 14.12018 16.5 20.0 24.6 19.7 19.7 17.8 16.6 26.0 20.5 18.5 20.2 20.4 11.1 18.5 15.2 16.6 14.8 19.7 14.12019 16.8 20.5 24.4 20.1 19.0 17.9 17.2 25.9 20.6 18.8 20.3 20.5 11.1 18.2 15.0 17.0 15.4 19.9 14.12020 16.8 20.5 24.4 20.3 18.7 18.3 17.3 25.9 20.7 19.2 20.4 20.6 10.9 18.0 14.9 17.3 15.1 20.1 14.2

2011-2020 16.3 19.8 25.3 20.0 19.8 18.0 15.3 25.9 20.9 19.5 20.7 20.9 11.1 19.3 16.4 17.3 14.5 20.0 14.7

2021 16.6 20.6 24.3 20.1 18.5 18.5 17.3 25.8 20.6 19.2 20.4 20.6 10.8 17.7 14.6 17.6 14.8 20.0 14.0


44

National final uses

18. Final consumption expenditure of general government at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 5.5 4.4 : 4.5 6.3 4.3 5.5 5.9 : : : 3.4 : 3.1 3.1 8.5 : : 5.1 : 5.0

1971-1980 4.1 4.3 : 6.3 6.2 5.5 4.8 4.1 : : : 3.0 : 4.2 3.4 7.7 : : 5.0 : 4.5

1981-1990 1.0 0.8 : 0.1 1.4 5.0 2.8 3.2 : : : 4.4 : 2.1 1.6 4.9 : : 3.7 : 2.3

1991 3.6 3.3 : 2.7 -1.5 6.0 3.5 2.3 : : : 4.0 : 2.6 3.0 10.6 -0.3 : 1.8 : 3.31992 1.5 5.6 : 3.0 -3.0 3.5 3.3 1.5 : : : 3.2 : 2.5 3.0 1.0 -1.7 : -3.2 : 3.21993 -0.2 0.8 : 0.1 2.6 2.7 3.5 -1.0 : : : 5.2 : 2.2 3.8 0.5 5.3 -1.1 -3.8 : 1.31994 1.4 3.4 4.2 4.1 -1.1 0.5 0.3 -1.3 : : : 1.0 : 2.0 3.0 2.3 2.1 -10.7 0.2 : 1.31995 1.5 2.2 13.5 3.9 5.6 2.4 0.0 -3.1 -10.9 : : 4.7 : 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 3.6 3.0 : 0.91996 1.6 2.7 -2.7 3.5 5.3 1.1 2.3 0.4 7.2 -5.3 0.1 6.1 8.4 -1.2 1.1 2.9 2.8 7.1 2.1 1.9 1.81997 1.2 0.9 -0.5 6.7 -3.2 2.6 1.0 0.1 11.0 3.6 4.5 2.6 -1.1 3.2 2.7 2.3 4.5 0.2 3.4 1.2 1.21998 1.8 2.4 4.4 7.3 2.6 3.5 -0.7 1.8 14.7 12.0 5.1 2.7 -4.0 4.0 3.0 6.7 3.8 3.9 2.1 1.9 1.81999 2.3 1.2 1.1 5.6 3.6 3.8 1.6 1.1 3.5 0.6 -4.4 7.2 -0.6 2.2 3.3 3.5 4.3 -7.3 1.7 1.8 1.82000 2.3 1.6 -3.3 8.4 3.6 4.5 1.8 3.4 -3.2 -3.2 0.1 3.9 5.4 3.3 0.2 4.3 3.8 2.8 1.3 2.4 2.4

1991-2000 1.7 2.4 : 4.5 1.4 3.1 1.7 0.5 : : : 4.1 : 2.3 2.6 3.6 2.7 : 0.8 : 1.9

2001 2.1 0.6 2.5 10.1 4.8 3.8 1.0 5.5 7.6 4.8 1.5 7.6 0.7 4.5 -0.3 3.7 2.9 3.5 2.3 2.4 2.42002 3.3 1.2 3.1 6.8 2.7 3.8 1.8 1.3 5.0 4.1 2.1 4.8 3.0 4.4 0.8 2.6 3.2 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.02003 1.9 0.7 3.8 2.9 3.0 4.8 1.9 1.4 7.8 3.4 3.4 4.1 2.9 2.8 1.0 1.8 2.7 6.0 1.3 1.8 1.82004 2.4 -0.6 2.4 1.6 4.1 6.3 2.2 0.6 -1.8 3.2 4.2 3.5 0.1 -0.5 1.5 2.8 3.6 -5.0 1.5 1.3 1.32005 0.4 0.6 2.9 4.4 4.1 5.6 1.3 0.6 2.3 3.3 3.6 2.7 -1.6 1.2 2.3 2.8 2.8 5.9 1.9 1.5 1.52006 0.8 1.1 4.7 5.0 6.8 4.9 1.3 -0.5 7.2 5.9 2.1 1.9 4.9 8.3 3.3 -0.3 3.2 8.0 1.2 2.0 2.02007 1.9 1.7 6.0 6.7 5.4 6.2 1.8 0.5 3.4 3.0 1.9 3.8 0.9 3.1 1.4 0.6 1.8 0.2 1.3 2.2 2.22008 3.1 3.7 4.5 1.4 -2.3 6.0 1.1 1.3 6.4 2.3 0.2 1.4 12.3 3.2 3.7 0.7 5.2 6.3 1.6 2.6 2.62009 1.6 3.2 -3.1 -2.5 2.0 4.2 2.4 -0.1 6.3 -9.8 -1.3 3.7 -3.3 4.7 2.5 2.5 2.0 6.0 1.6 2.4 2.42010 0.4 1.4 -0.7 -4.5 -4.2 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.7 -8.3 -3.2 1.4 1.6 0.9 0.0 -1.4 0.0 1.4 -0.2 0.8 0.8

2001-2010 1.8 1.4 2.6 3.1 2.6 4.7 1.6 1.1 4.4 1.0 1.4 3.5 2.1 3.2 1.6 1.6 2.7 3.4 1.5 1.9 1.9

2011 0.5 1.0 2.3 -1.8 -7.0 0.0 1.1 -2.0 1.6 2.7 -0.4 0.8 3.4 -0.4 0.1 -3.7 -0.1 -2.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.12012 1.2 1.3 3.1 -2.6 -6.0 -4.2 1.6 -1.8 -2.4 0.4 1.3 3.5 5.7 -1.2 0.1 -3.6 -2.4 -2.0 0.6 -0.3 -0.32013 0.1 1.4 2.7 -0.8 -6.4 -2.1 1.5 -1.1 -4.8 1.2 0.7 3.8 -0.4 0.0 0.8 -2.1 -2.0 1.5 1.3 0.2 0.22014 1.2 1.7 1.3 3.8 -1.4 -0.7 1.3 -0.6 -7.5 2.1 0.3 1.9 6.6 0.6 0.8 -0.6 -0.2 4.4 -0.1 0.8 0.82015 0.3 2.8 3.0 1.9 1.6 2.0 1.0 -0.6 0.5 3.0 0.2 1.6 3.7 -0.1 0.9 0.8 2.3 5.3 1.1 1.3 1.22016 0.4 4.1 2.4 3.4 -0.7 1.0 1.4 0.7 -0.9 2.9 0.1 1.0 -3.0 1.3 1.8 0.8 2.5 1.9 1.4 1.9 1.92017 0.3 2.4 1.1 3.5 -0.4 1.0 1.5 -0.2 2.1 3.2 -0.3 4.7 2.5 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.2 1.3 1.32018 0.9 1.4 0.9 4.4 -2.5 1.9 0.8 0.4 3.5 4.0 0.5 4.1 12.6 1.6 0.9 0.9 3.2 0.2 1.5 1.1 1.12019 1.2 2.1 1.1 6.2 3.4 2.0 0.9 0.4 8.7 2.8 1.4 3.2 12.7 1.8 0.9 0.8 2.0 3.0 2.4 1.6 1.52020 1.2 2.0 0.9 3.0 0.3 1.5 1.0 0.2 11.7 2.3 0.8 2.9 3.6 2.6 1.3 0.7 1.9 3.5 2.5 1.5 1.4

2011-2020 0.7 2.0 1.9 2.1 -2.0 0.2 1.2 -0.5 1.1 2.5 0.5 2.7 4.6 0.7 0.9 -0.6 0.7 1.6 1.0 0.9 0.9

2021 1.2 1.9 1.1 2.2 0.1 1.4 0.8 0.3 3.7 3.0 0.5 3.1 3.6 2.1 1.1 0.7 1.8 2.6 0.4 1.3 1.2


45

National final uses

18. Final consumption expenditure of general government at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 6.1 : : : : 5.7 : 2.4 : 4.5 : : : : 6.5 4.8 3.5

1971-1980 : : 3.4 : : : : 3.2 : 2.4 : 4.1 : : : : 4.3 4.8 1.0

1981-1990 : : 0.5 : : : : 1.6 : 0.8 : 2.0 : : : : 8.8 3.8 2.8

1991 : -3.5 1.7 : : 9.6 10.6 4.2 : 3.0 : 3.2 : : : : 3.7 4.1 1.71992 -14.9 6.7 0.7 : -1.1 5.9 2.2 2.3 : 1.0 : 2.8 : : : : 3.6 2.7 0.71993 -12.5 1.5 4.3 : 9.8 2.4 2.7 0.2 : -0.6 : 1.0 : : : : 8.6 3.2 -0.11994 -11.9 3.7 2.0 : -7.4 1.2 11.0 -1.0 : 1.1 : 1.2 : : : : -5.5 3.5 0.51995 -8.1 -1.6 2.2 : -6.7 4.8 1.0 0.4 : 1.4 : 1.0 : : : : 6.8 3.9 0.31996 -23.7 -0.4 3.0 -2.8 -2.8 2.7 0.2 -0.2 1.7 0.7 1.6 1.7 : : 0.2 3.8 8.6 2.3 0.41997 -29.7 3.3 0.5 3.1 -1.0 2.9 4.3 -0.5 1.1 -2.6 0.7 0.6 -11.7 : -2.4 13.4 4.1 1.4 1.81998 43.9 -2.5 3.1 3.9 -2.5 2.0 -7.1 3.8 1.9 3.7 2.2 2.2 -9.1 : 3.8 6.2 7.8 1.2 1.91999 -6.3 3.1 3.3 2.4 1.7 3.2 18.8 1.8 1.9 4.0 2.2 2.2 -0.2 : 4.4 -1.4 5.1 3.5 2.72000 2.2 -0.6 2.9 -3.4 4.2 7.9 -1.7 -0.8 2.3 3.3 2.5 2.4 -10.0 : -2.6 12.5 4.5 3.9 1.5

1991-2000 : 0.9 2.4 : : 4.2 4.0 1.0 : 1.5 : 1.8 : : : : 4.7 3.0 1.2

2001 1.0 2.6 1.9 -4.2 4.0 3.8 -3.8 0.2 2.3 4.6 2.6 2.6 9.7 : 35.5 9.0 0.4 3.4 3.52002 0.5 8.1 2.1 5.9 5.5 2.0 -2.5 2.1 2.1 4.5 2.5 2.5 5.3 : -15.8 9.5 5.7 2.7 3.82003 8.1 6.0 0.2 2.1 5.1 3.5 -12.4 0.5 1.8 3.8 2.1 2.1 -0.7 : -14.3 3.8 0.5 1.8 1.82004 4.8 -1.8 1.5 3.2 0.9 3.8 1.1 -0.3 1.3 4.3 1.8 1.8 4.3 : -0.7 7.8 6.6 1.2 1.52005 0.7 1.0 1.2 3.1 2.0 3.5 7.2 0.2 1.5 4.0 2.0 1.9 -1.5 : 1.1 -3.3 3.6 0.8 0.82006 5.6 0.6 2.5 5.2 1.8 5.5 -2.4 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 -2.4 : 5.2 7.5 10.2 0.1 1.22007 -1.0 0.6 1.2 6.5 -4.3 3.0 2.2 0.6 2.1 1.1 1.9 1.9 3.4 10.8 3.7 0.9 7.0 1.2 1.62008 1.9 1.1 3.3 -0.7 3.1 4.4 5.9 1.3 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 4.4 1.6 10.2 3.5 3.5 -0.1 2.42009 -5.9 2.8 3.0 2.1 0.7 3.5 -4.1 2.3 2.3 1.3 2.2 2.2 3.7 0.6 0.2 -1.7 8.1 2.0 4.12010 2.1 0.5 1.6 -0.6 -0.2 3.1 -1.6 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.8 4.0 -0.4 -3.6 0.0 1.7 1.9 0.1

2001-2010 1.7 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.8 3.6 -1.2 1.0 1.9 2.8 2.0 2.0 3.0 : 1.3 3.6 4.7 1.5 2.1

2011 2.3 -3.2 -0.6 -0.4 0.4 -1.8 -1.2 0.9 -0.2 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.7 -0.3 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.9 -3.02012 -1.8 -2.0 0.8 -0.8 -1.4 -0.3 7.5 1.1 -0.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.0 2.4 0.4 6.8 1.7 -1.52013 0.7 2.5 -0.1 0.6 3.1 2.5 -2.9 1.6 0.4 -0.4 0.3 0.2 2.9 1.3 0.5 -2.1 8.0 1.5 -1.92014 -0.1 1.1 1.9 1.8 5.2 4.3 3.5 1.2 1.0 2.0 1.1 1.0 6.4 1.4 3.0 0.9 3.1 0.5 -0.82015 1.8 1.9 1.7 -1.0 1.9 2.3 -0.3 2.2 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.4 -1.1 1.9 3.9 -3.7 3.9 1.5 1.82016 2.2 2.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.2 3.7 2.0 1.0 1.8 1.8 4.7 0.8 -4.9 1.2 9.5 1.4 1.82017 4.3 1.3 0.7 2.7 2.4 2.9 4.2 0.1 1.3 0.3 1.2 1.1 2.9 -1.4 -2.5 3.3 5.0 0.3 0.62018 5.3 3.9 0.9 2.9 0.9 3.6 1.5 0.4 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.0 -1.1 6.3 6.2 3.7 6.6 0.8 1.72019 4.8 3.1 0.8 3.3 0.3 5.2 3.1 0.2 1.6 3.1 1.8 1.7 2.6 1.4 3.1 2.9 3.3 2.0 2.32020 2.6 1.9 1.3 2.9 0.6 5.7 3.5 0.0 1.6 2.3 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.8 2.4 2.9 1.4 1.7

2011-2020 2.2 1.3 0.7 1.2 1.4 2.6 2.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.0 5.0 1.3 0.3

2021 1.4 2.1 1.0 1.3 0.8 4.9 2.1 0.1 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.3 2.2 1.6 2.2 2.5 2.8 0.6 0.6


46

National final uses

19. Gross fixed capital formation at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 25.7 24.9 : 20.3 24.5 24.4 25.2 25.2 26.0 : : 23.4 18.1 26.9 27.6 23.1 : : 27.0 : 25.2

1971-1980 25.5 22.5 : 26.1 30.2 25.1 25.1 25.6 35.8 : : 23.9 17.5 23.6 28.5 29.4 : : 28.9 : 24.6

1981-1990 20.3 20.3 : 20.8 24.6 22.6 22.4 23.2 35.6 : : 21.5 20.4 21.6 24.6 28.9 : : 27.7 : 22.1

1991 21.7 22.8

1991 22.4 24.9 : 17.7 24.2 25.0 23.2 22.1 31.9 5.8 21.4 25.4 22.3 22.3 26.4 27.1 23.1 29.5 25.9 : 23.81992 22.1 25.2 : 17.4 22.9 23.0 22.1 21.5 33.6 10.4 21.9 21.5 20.7 22.0 26.0 27.0 20.9 34.3 22.2 : 23.21993 21.3 24.1 24.4 16.0 21.7 21.2 20.7 19.4 29.6 12.8 22.0 23.8 22.1 21.3 25.5 24.3 21.1 31.3 19.1 21.9 21.91994 20.8 24.1 27.1 17.1 20.0 21.0 20.4 19.0 26.9 13.9 22.0 22.5 22.3 20.7 26.2 23.4 22.5 27.7 18.7 21.7 21.71995 21.2 23.5 26.5 18.0 20.0 21.9 20.1 19.4 25.2 14.2 20.4 21.7 23.9 20.9 25.3 23.3 23.1 26.1 19.3 21.6 21.61996 21.2 23.0 27.1 19.8 20.8 21.7 19.9 19.2 24.1 17.8 20.6 19.8 24.6 21.6 25.8 23.8 23.9 33.0 20.5 21.4 21.41997 21.9 22.7 28.6 21.1 20.2 22.1 19.5 19.2 24.6 17.7 22.4 20.7 22.9 21.7 25.4 26.0 25.2 35.1 21.4 21.3 21.31998 21.8 22.8 31.4 22.6 23.7 23.3 19.9 19.5 19.7 23.9 23.9 22.0 24.1 21.8 25.5 27.3 26.1 36.9 22.2 21.8 21.71999 22.2 23.0 25.9 24.2 24.5 24.7 20.8 19.9 21.3 22.9 22.0 22.7 22.0 22.9 25.0 27.6 27.7 30.7 22.4 22.3 22.32000 22.5 23.1 26.7 23.8 24.6 25.9 21.5 20.7 20.1 25.1 19.1 20.2 22.5 22.5 25.6 28.0 27.4 26.1 23.1 22.8 22.7

1991-2000 21.7 23.6 : 19.8 22.3 23.0 20.8 20.0 25.7 16.4 21.6 22.0 22.7 21.8 25.7 25.8 24.1 31.1 21.5 : 22.2

2001 22.4 21.8 27.4 24.0 24.7 25.9 21.5 20.7 19.0 27.2 20.5 21.5 20.4 22.1 24.8 27.4 26.4 28.9 22.9 22.3 22.32002 20.7 20.1 30.5 23.6 23.6 26.2 21.0 21.4 20.9 24.4 20.7 21.0 16.5 21.1 23.5 25.9 24.6 27.6 21.6 21.6 21.62003 20.5 19.5 32.7 24.9 25.3 27.1 21.0 20.9 20.3 24.8 21.5 20.4 20.8 20.6 24.1 23.8 25.0 24.4 21.8 21.5 21.52004 21.5 19.1 31.7 27.0 24.4 27.8 21.4 21.0 20.6 28.8 22.9 20.3 20.6 20.3 23.6 23.4 26.0 23.8 22.3 21.6 21.62005 22.2 19.1 32.9 29.8 20.8 29.0 21.8 21.3 21.5 31.2 23.4 19.1 22.0 20.4 23.1 23.1 26.6 26.2 22.9 22.0 21.92006 22.3 19.8 36.8 31.0 23.7 30.0 22.5 21.6 25.1 34.1 25.9 17.6 22.0 21.0 22.6 22.5 27.7 25.6 22.8 22.6 22.52007 23.3 20.1 36.4 28.7 26.0 29.9 23.2 21.7 25.5 36.4 28.6 18.4 22.4 23.3 22.9 22.5 28.7 25.4 24.2 23.1 23.02008 24.1 20.3 31.1 24.8 23.8 27.8 23.6 21.3 27.2 32.0 26.0 20.3 19.6 22.1 23.3 22.9 29.4 24.8 24.5 22.8 22.72009 22.8 19.3 22.6 21.1 20.8 23.1 22.1 20.1 23.4 22.4 17.9 18.4 18.2 21.3 22.4 21.2 24.1 20.8 23.0 21.0 21.02010 22.1 19.5 21.1 17.5 17.6 21.8 22.1 20.0 22.5 19.2 16.9 17.6 21.4 19.7 21.6 20.6 21.1 21.1 22.3 20.6 20.6

2001-2010 22.2 19.9 30.3 25.2 23.1 26.9 22.0 21.0 22.6 28.0 22.4 19.5 20.4 21.2 23.2 23.3 26.0 24.9 22.8 21.9 21.9

2011 23.0 20.4 26.2 16.6 15.3 20.0 22.4 19.7 19.0 22.0 18.5 19.2 17.9 20.1 22.5 18.4 19.9 23.3 22.6 20.7 20.62012 23.0 20.3 28.5 19.6 12.6 18.5 22.5 18.3 15.5 25.3 17.4 20.2 18.1 18.8 22.6 15.8 19.0 20.3 23.1 20.1 20.12013 22.2 19.9 27.7 18.6 12.2 17.4 22.0 17.2 14.1 23.1 18.5 19.5 17.4 18.4 23.0 14.8 19.6 20.4 22.0 19.5 19.52014 22.8 20.0 25.6 20.6 11.5 17.8 21.8 16.7 12.9 22.6 18.9 20.0 17.3 17.6 22.7 15.0 19.1 20.4 21.5 19.5 19.52015 23.0 20.0 24.3 24.1 11.6 18.0 21.5 16.9 12.6 22.0 19.6 18.2 24.8 22.1 22.7 15.5 18.7 23.7 21.2 19.9 19.92016 23.2 20.3 23.3 35.6 12.1 18.0 21.8 17.2 17.8 19.5 19.9 18.1 23.6 20.0 23.1 15.5 17.4 21.0 22.7 20.3 20.32017 23.1 20.5 24.8 31.4 12.9 18.7 22.5 17.4 21.1 20.7 20.0 18.8 20.5 20.1 23.5 16.8 18.3 21.3 23.2 20.6 20.62018 23.8 21.2 23.9 23.4 11.1 19.4 22.9 17.7 19.1 22.5 20.5 16.8 19.0 20.3 23.9 17.6 19.2 21.2 23.7 20.8 20.82019 24.3 21.8 25.2 32.8 12.0 19.8 23.3 18.2 21.3 22.8 20.9 17.0 20.2 21.1 24.4 18.5 20.0 20.8 23.7 21.6 21.62020 24.3 22.0 25.1 33.6 13.3 20.1 23.5 18.4 22.4 22.3 20.9 17.0 21.6 21.3 24.4 19.0 20.7 20.7 23.6 21.9 21.9

2011-2020 23.3 20.6 25.5 25.6 12.5 18.8 22.4 17.8 17.6 22.3 19.5 18.5 20.0 20.0 23.3 16.7 19.2 21.3 22.7 20.5 20.5

2021 24.4 22.3 25.3 34.4 14.4 20.3 23.6 18.7 23.2 21.9 20.9 16.8 22.2 21.4 24.4 19.6 21.5 20.7 23.8 22.1 22.1


47

National final uses

19. Gross fixed capital formation at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 : : 24.1 : : : : 28.0 : 19.4 : 24.2 : : : : 15.2 33.4 22.1

1971-1980 : : 23.7 : 35.5 : : 24.6 : 21.0 : 24.1 : : : : 18.1 34.2 22.3

1981-1990 : : 20.0 : 25.3 20.4 28.7 24.3 : 20.7 : 21.9 : : : : 21.0 30.5 22.8

1991 22.5

1991 19.8 26.1 19.6 : 22.7 18.3 14.2 24.7 : 21.0 : 23.3 : : : : 22.7 33.0 20.11992 17.7 27.4 18.7 : 21.6 15.7 19.0 22.2 : 19.4 : 22.5 : : : : 22.5 31.7 19.81993 14.1 27.9 18.1 : 20.5 14.9 17.7 19.7 : 18.6 : 21.3 : : : : 25.3 30.5 20.11994 15.0 29.5 18.3 : 21.9 16.8 20.1 19.7 : 18.3 : 21.0 : : : : 23.5 29.5 20.41995 16.7 33.3 19.5 14.4 21.8 17.4 21.2 20.0 21.5 18.0 21.0 21.0 : : 20.7 11.1 22.7 29.5 20.91996 4.5 33.9 19.6 18.4 22.9 19.4 22.9 20.5 21.4 18.6 21.0 20.9 21.8 : 21.7 10.8 23.9 30.4 21.31997 9.7 31.9 20.8 21.7 23.2 22.2 21.8 20.3 21.4 17.0 20.7 20.5 20.1 : 21.7 11.7 25.2 29.4 21.61998 14.6 30.4 21.6 21.0 24.1 24.0 18.8 21.2 21.9 17.5 21.1 20.9 21.5 : 21.8 12.0 23.5 28.2 22.31999 16.3 29.4 20.9 21.2 25.1 24.3 18.0 21.9 22.4 17.5 21.5 21.4 23.5 : 20.8 11.1 19.9 27.8 22.82000 16.7 30.6 21.5 20.0 25.5 23.7 19.1 22.6 22.8 17.8 21.9 21.8 31.9 17.6 20.3 12.2 22.3 27.4 23.1

1991-2000 14.5 30.0 19.9 : 22.9 19.7 19.3 21.3 : 18.4 : 21.5 : : : : 23.2 29.8 21.2

2001 19.3 30.5 21.3 20.4 24.9 20.5 21.0 23.0 22.4 17.9 21.5 21.4 36.7 18.3 22.0 12.2 18.1 26.5 22.52002 19.0 29.2 20.6 22.3 24.7 18.4 21.5 22.3 21.7 17.9 21.0 20.9 36.1 15.3 21.3 15.1 19.6 25.0 21.52003 19.8 28.7 20.7 25.8 23.6 18.2 22.7 21.9 21.6 17.5 20.9 20.8 35.9 13.9 20.1 17.1 20.8 24.5 21.62004 21.0 28.1 20.7 25.7 24.1 18.3 22.3 22.1 21.7 17.3 20.9 20.8 37.8 17.9 21.2 19.5 25.4 24.1 22.12005 25.7 28.2 21.2 25.4 23.9 18.9 23.4 22.7 22.0 17.4 21.2 21.1 37.9 18.8 19.0 19.4 26.7 24.6 22.92006 27.4 28.0 23.3 26.6 23.5 20.4 26.6 23.5 22.8 17.7 21.9 21.7 38.1 22.8 20.1 21.2 28.7 24.7 23.02007 28.3 29.5 23.5 26.8 23.7 22.5 35.3 24.5 23.4 18.0 22.5 22.1 36.4 32.9 22.7 23.8 28.1 24.1 22.42008 33.0 29.0 22.9 28.1 23.4 23.1 37.3 24.8 23.2 17.4 22.4 21.9 33.9 39.2 25.8 23.7 26.8 24.0 21.32009 27.8 27.1 20.2 25.2 22.7 21.4 26.0 22.7 21.3 15.9 20.5 20.3 32.7 27.3 24.6 18.7 22.4 22.4 18.82010 22.3 26.9 18.1 21.2 20.2 20.3 26.1 22.7 20.8 15.8 20.0 19.9 28.4 21.6 23.1 17.7 24.9 21.3 18.4

2001-2010 24.4 28.5 21.2 24.8 23.5 20.2 26.2 23.0 22.1 17.3 21.3 21.1 35.4 22.8 22.0 18.8 24.1 24.1 21.5

2011 21.0 26.5 18.2 20.2 19.7 20.7 27.2 23.2 20.8 15.4 20.1 19.9 29.4 19.5 23.5 17.5 28.1 21.9 18.82012 21.2 25.9 18.8 19.6 19.2 19.8 27.4 23.0 20.4 15.5 19.6 19.4 26.5 19.8 23.4 20.2 27.3 22.4 19.62013 21.3 25.1 19.1 19.7 20.8 18.8 24.8 22.7 19.8 15.7 19.2 19.0 26.1 20.2 23.7 16.5 28.5 23.3 19.82014 21.1 25.1 19.2 19.2 22.1 19.7 24.3 23.5 19.8 16.4 19.2 19.1 24.2 19.0 23.4 15.9 28.9 24.0 20.32015 20.9 26.5 19.9 19.6 22.3 20.1 24.8 23.8 20.2 16.9 19.6 19.4 24.4 20.1 23.8 16.8 29.7 23.8 20.42016 18.5 24.9 20.9 20.0 19.7 18.0 22.9 24.2 20.4 17.2 19.9 19.9 24.4 24.7 24.4 16.9 29.3 23.3 20.22017 18.4 24.8 21.2 20.1 22.2 17.5 22.4 25.2 20.7 17.2 20.2 20.2 24.5 26.9 23.9 17.7 30.1 23.8 20.52018 18.8 25.5 22.4 20.1 25.2 18.2 21.2 25.9 21.0 17.0 20.4 20.4 23.4 29.2 24.1 20.1 29.9 24.2 20.72019 18.1 25.0 21.8 21.1 28.6 18.9 21.8 25.2 21.7 16.9 21.0 20.9 22.9 29.2 26.4 21.3 28.4 24.4 20.42020 18.1 24.5 22.0 22.0 28.4 18.8 21.9 24.6 21.9 16.6 21.1 21.1 22.4 29.0 28.5 21.9 29.1 24.5 20.3

2011-2020 19.7 25.4 20.3 20.2 22.8 19.0 23.9 24.1 20.7 16.5 20.0 19.9 24.8 23.8 24.5 18.5 28.9 23.6 20.1

2021 18.2 24.4 21.9 23.0 28.2 18.7 21.9 24.4 22.1 16.3 21.2 21.2 22.0 28.6 30.5 22.7 30.4 24.7 20.3


48

National final uses

20. Gross fixed capital formation at 2015 reference levels; total economy



1961-1970 5.8 4.2 : 9.6 8.4 11.3 7.6 6.4 : : : 3.4 : 7.1 5.9 6.9 : : 4.4 : 6.3

1971-1980 2.3 1.6 : 5.7 1.7 1.6 2.7 1.8 : : : 2.6 : 0.0 3.9 4.5 : : 2.9 : 1.9

1981-1990 2.3 1.9 : 0.5 -1.3 5.3 2.6 1.4 : : : 3.9 : 2.8 1.9 5.1 : : 4.3 : 2.3

1991 -4.1 5.3 : -7.0 7.4 1.7 -0.5 0.8 : : : 15.8 : 1.3 8.3 4.7 -11.5 : -16.9 : 1.41992 1.1 4.5 : 0.0 -5.9 -4.1 -1.5 -1.8 : : : -15.1 : 1.8 0.1 7.8 -12.9 : -13.8 : 0.21993 -2.5 -4.5 : -5.1 -4.7 -8.9 -5.4 -10.4 : : : 20.6 : -1.6 -1.2 -9.0 10.7 13.0 -12.5 : -6.01994 0.4 3.6 9.2 11.8 -1.4 1.9 1.6 -0.4 : : : 0.0 : 2.0 5.1 0.5 14.1 -2.5 0.8 : 2.11995 3.4 -0.2 5.6 15.1 3.1 7.7 1.3 5.7 -0.6 : 14.9 -1.5 : 5.9 0.2 4.2 16.8 0.6 12.5 : 2.51996 0.6 -0.4 19.7 16.4 9.1 2.4 0.8 2.5 -4.2 34.1 21.1 -4.2 -8.4 6.7 4.4 5.2 8.1 28.7 10.0 1.8 1.61997 6.7 0.5 23.5 15.8 3.5 5.5 0.8 2.0 4.2 5.1 25.6 6.3 -4.5 6.4 0.7 14.2 12.2 13.5 10.9 2.6 2.51998 2.3 4.0 22.9 13.4 22.6 10.8 6.4 4.0 -15.2 43.0 21.2 11.0 -3.4 6.8 3.4 11.7 8.0 8.4 10.7 6.0 6.01999 4.1 4.3 -14.3 14.1 7.4 9.9 7.8 4.4 14.9 4.5 -5.9 17.9 4.0 10.0 1.2 6.1 13.4 -15.1 4.5 5.9 6.02000 5.0 2.1 14.2 5.1 2.9 7.5 6.6 6.8 -1.0 22.1 -6.9 -4.3 17.5 2.3 5.8 4.1 2.4 -12.2 6.2 4.6 4.7

1991-2000 1.6 1.9 : 7.6 4.1 3.3 1.7 1.2 : : : 4.1 : 4.1 2.8 4.8 5.6 : 0.6 : 2.1

2001 1.6 -2.6 13.0 5.8 5.4 4.2 2.3 2.7 0.0 19.3 12.7 6.1 -8.4 1.3 -1.1 1.0 2.0 13.0 1.8 1.0 0.92002 -4.1 -6.1 23.6 5.6 -0.3 4.1 -0.9 3.9 11.4 -3.9 11.1 1.6 -17.0 -4.1 -2.9 -3.4 -0.4 -0.3 -3.0 -1.4 -1.42003 -0.1 -1.6 17.7 8.0 15.1 6.5 1.9 -0.6 1.9 10.8 14.1 0.8 33.6 -1.7 3.8 -7.3 5.8 -4.4 2.8 1.1 1.02004 9.0 -0.4 5.5 9.8 3.0 4.6 3.5 1.6 5.8 28.4 15.8 6.0 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.2 5.5 5.9 4.7 2.4 2.32005 5.7 0.9 15.4 16.8 -11.9 7.0 2.9 1.6 6.5 20.9 11.5 -1.0 16.1 3.3 0.3 0.1 3.6 16.9 3.3 2.8 2.62006 1.9 7.5 22.8 7.2 19.4 7.2 3.6 2.5 20.9 14.3 19.6 3.3 2.6 7.0 1.2 -0.8 10.2 6.8 1.4 5.4 5.32007 7.3 3.6 10.3 0.0 15.9 3.9 5.5 1.5 7.5 22.4 22.3 12.5 5.6 14.8 4.6 3.1 11.9 10.1 10.3 5.1 4.92008 1.9 1.6 -13.1 -11.6 -7.2 -4.3 0.9 -3.2 8.4 -10.2 -4.0 11.9 -9.2 -3.0 1.6 0.4 7.0 3.7 0.6 -1.1 -1.22009 -6.6 -9.5 -37.2 -16.9 -13.9 -17.3 -9.1 -9.7 -13.6 -34.6 -38.9 -12.4 -11.8 -8.6 -7.2 -7.5 -22.1 -19.7 -12.0 -11.0 -10.62010 0.0 5.3 -2.2 -15.0 -19.3 -5.4 2.1 -0.2 -1.4 -19.7 1.5 3.5 26.4 -6.8 -2.6 -1.1 -13.4 8.1 2.3 -0.3 -0.3

2001-2010 1.6 -0.3 3.8 0.3 -0.2 0.8 1.2 -0.1 4.4 2.7 4.8 3.0 2.7 0.0 -0.2 -1.6 0.5 3.5 1.1 0.3 0.3

2011 5.2 7.4 35.6 -1.1 -20.5 -7.6 2.1 -1.4 -11.7 23.8 20.1 13.7 -16.4 4.9 6.6 -12.6 -4.9 14.2 3.9 1.6 1.52012 0.6 -0.2 11.9 17.3 -23.5 -7.4 0.2 -9.7 -19.7 16.1 -1.8 6.1 1.5 -6.3 0.9 -16.7 -8.5 -10.1 -0.3 -3.2 -3.12013 -2.3 -1.3 1.5 -4.1 -8.4 -3.8 -0.8 -6.4 -15.6 -5.9 8.3 1.2 1.3 -1.6 1.6 -4.8 3.4 1.3 -4.6 -2.4 -2.42014 5.4 3.2 -2.7 18.5 -4.7 4.1 0.0 -2.2 -10.9 -0.3 5.7 9.5 7.0 -2.4 -0.4 2.3 -0.1 2.8 -1.8 1.4 1.42015 3.7 1.8 -3.2 52.9 0.7 4.9 1.0 1.8 -0.2 -1.2 4.9 -7.7 55.7 29.0 2.3 5.9 -1.2 21.6 0.3 4.8 4.72016 3.8 3.8 0.9 50.6 4.7 2.4 2.7 4.0 48.9 -8.2 3.4 4.6 -0.3 -7.3 4.1 2.5 -3.7 -9.3 8.9 4.0 4.22017 1.3 2.4 12.5 -6.7 9.1 5.9 4.7 3.3 24.1 11.3 8.2 5.6 -7.2 4.2 4.0 11.5 10.4 3.9 4.0 3.5 3.42018 4.0 3.5 1.7 -21.1 -12.2 5.3 2.8 3.2 -6.6 15.8 8.4 -5.9 -1.8 3.2 3.9 5.8 9.4 3.7 3.3 2.3 2.32019 3.4 2.5 8.9 44.3 10.1 2.5 2.7 2.7 14.7 4.5 8.0 4.5 10.0 5.6 2.9 6.5 6.1 1.0 0.7 4.3 4.32020 1.7 1.5 2.1 4.5 12.5 2.5 1.9 1.5 8.3 1.3 4.4 2.9 9.5 1.8 1.2 4.8 6.0 2.6 0.4 2.0 2.0

2011-2020 2.7 2.4 6.4 12.9 -4.0 0.8 1.7 -0.4 1.3 5.3 6.8 3.3 4.6 2.7 2.7 0.1 1.5 2.8 1.4 1.8 1.8

2021 1.6 1.6 3.4 3.9 8.1 2.1 1.4 1.6 6.0 1.9 3.5 1.6 5.5 1.5 1.1 5.0 5.9 2.8 1.5 1.9 1.8


49

National final uses

20. Gross fixed capital formation at 2015 reference levels; total economy



1961-1970 : : 7.7 : : : : 5.1 : 5.3 : 6.2 : : : : 8.1 15.7 4.7

1971-1980 : : 0.5 : : : : 0.6 : 1.1 : 1.7 : : : : 2.1 3.5 3.3

1981-1990 : : 3.3 : : : : 4.1 : 4.1 : 2.7 : : : : 10.2 5.7 3.5

1991 : -24.9 -2.3 : : -4.5 -31.6 -8.8 : -7.9 : -0.6 : : : : 0.4 2.5 -4.11992 : 5.1 -0.5 : -2.6 2.4 11.0 -10.6 : -1.6 : -0.5 : : : : 6.4 -2.2 4.11993 : 6.2 -2.6 : 2.0 2.9 8.3 -16.9 : 0.8 : -5.4 : : : : 26.4 -2.7 5.11994 : 11.3 6.9 : 12.5 9.2 20.7 7.6 : 1.6 : 2.3 : : : : -16.0 -1.5 6.11995 16.1 20.8 10.6 : -4.3 16.6 6.9 8.0 : -0.5 : 2.4 : : : : 9.1 3.5 5.21996 -67.7 9.8 5.3 34.4 4.6 19.7 8.4 5.1 2.3 4.7 2.6 2.2 : : 6.5 10.4 14.1 6.5 7.71997 150.5 -5.2 10.2 24.9 8.7 22.3 -1.4 1.9 3.1 -1.6 2.5 2.1 -20.6 : -4.3 23.0 14.8 -2.0 7.21998 32.6 -1.1 6.6 2.2 11.4 14.2 -4.7 7.8 6.2 7.7 6.4 6.3 12.8 : -2.6 3.6 -3.9 -4.0 9.31999 22.4 -2.6 -0.3 -3.2 8.0 6.8 -1.9 6.0 5.7 2.2 5.2 5.3 37.3 : -1.4 -17.6 -14.5 -1.0 8.32000 16.5 8.4 8.2 -3.1 6.0 2.2 5.9 6.4 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.8 42.6 : -1.5 4.9 21.9 0.5 6.4

1991-2000 : 2.0 4.1 : : 8.9 1.2 0.3 : 0.9 : 1.8 : : : : 5.0 -0.1 5.5

2001 19.8 5.6 -0.5 6.0 2.7 -10.6 10.5 2.3 0.9 2.3 1.1 1.2 22.7 : 9.7 4.5 -27.0 -1.7 -0.42002 8.1 2.2 -2.3 14.1 7.7 -6.1 7.3 -1.6 -1.3 3.5 -0.6 -0.7 5.2 : -0.1 29.7 17.8 -5.1 -1.72003 12.9 1.8 1.6 23.5 1.2 1.2 10.3 2.6 1.3 2.4 1.5 1.3 7.9 : -4.5 21.4 19.4 -0.8 4.22004 13.8 3.9 3.5 5.4 7.9 6.7 9.6 5.4 2.7 1.4 2.5 2.2 11.8 : 7.9 19.0 31.9 0.1 6.02005 26.7 6.4 5.9 3.9 3.6 8.3 11.5 4.9 3.2 4.9 3.5 3.1 7.1 : -10.3 5.6 19.6 3.1 6.12006 13.0 5.9 13.7 10.1 0.7 15.4 26.5 9.0 6.1 3.5 5.8 5.3 7.6 : 6.7 15.6 15.4 0.4 2.72007 13.1 13.5 0.7 7.2 4.6 19.0 51.0 8.3 6.1 3.7 5.8 4.8 4.6 79.8 17.5 25.5 5.5 -1.9 -0.62008 22.0 2.5 -2.5 9.2 1.2 8.8 17.8 0.5 -0.3 -5.3 -1.0 -1.8 4.4 31.6 17.8 8.1 -2.7 -3.8 -4.22009 -17.7 -10.1 -13.0 -14.4 -9.1 -2.7 -33.9 -12.6 -11.3 -12.4 -11.5 -11.0 1.0 -28.9 2.7 -22.5 -20.5 -9.7 -12.62010 -17.6 1.3 -5.7 -15.2 -9.5 0.0 -2.8 6.5 -0.4 3.6 0.0 0.3 -8.5 -18.5 -4.0 -6.5 22.5 -1.6 2.2

2001-2010 8.3 3.1 -0.1 4.4 0.9 3.6 8.7 2.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 6.1 : 4.0 8.9 6.4 -2.2 0.0

2011 -4.4 0.9 0.4 -2.7 -1.3 8.8 6.1 5.9 2.0 -1.1 1.6 1.3 5.9 -7.2 13.3 4.7 23.8 1.7 4.62012 1.8 -3.1 3.7 -3.3 -3.0 -1.8 3.1 -1.3 -2.8 2.0 -2.3 -2.3 -7.9 -2.4 6.5 13.9 2.7 3.5 6.92013 0.5 -2.5 2.7 1.4 9.8 -1.1 -5.6 0.5 -2.0 3.5 -1.3 -1.4 -2.0 10.7 3.5 -12.0 13.8 4.9 3.62014 3.5 3.9 3.1 -2.8 12.3 10.0 3.3 6.1 2.1 6.6 2.7 2.3 -4.5 -2.5 4.0 -3.4 5.1 3.1 5.12015 2.7 10.2 5.5 3.8 4.8 6.1 7.5 5.8 5.0 3.7 4.8 4.6 3.5 11.9 10.5 4.9 9.3 1.6 3.22016 -6.6 -3.1 7.6 6.5 -10.6 -8.2 -0.2 4.1 3.3 3.6 3.3 4.1 2.4 38.4 9.9 5.4 2.2 -0.3 1.92017 3.2 3.7 4.6 3.8 18.7 4.0 3.6 5.6 3.7 1.6 3.4 3.2 5.5 18.7 6.0 7.3 8.2 3.0 3.72018 5.4 7.2 6.5 4.1 17.1 8.9 -3.3 4.6 2.9 -0.1 2.5 2.1 2.9 14.7 -7.2 17.8 -0.6 1.1 4.12019 1.8 1.1 -0.8 8.8 17.0 8.0 8.0 -1.9 4.2 0.9 3.8 3.4 2.8 3.2 8.6 9.3 -9.0 1.4 0.82020 3.0 1.0 2.5 7.5 2.1 3.3 3.4 -1.7 2.0 0.5 1.8 1.6 3.4 2.6 9.3 6.9 3.3 0.9 1.1

2011-2020 1.0 1.8 3.6 2.6 6.3 3.6 2.5 2.7 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.1 8.1 6.3 5.2 5.6 2.1 3.5

2021 3.3 2.1 1.9 7.2 2.6 3.5 2.8 0.2 1.9 0.6 1.7 1.6 3.5 1.5 8.7 7.6 5.1 0.7 1.2


50

National final uses

21. Changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 0.9 1.8 : 1.4 2.1 2.0 1.9 0.7 1.1 : : 0.8 2.4 1.7 1.7 2.0 : : 0.9 : 1.6

1971-1980 0.9 1.3 : 1.4 3.4 1.2 1.3 0.3 2.9 : : -1.7 2.1 0.2 1.4 2.7 : : 1.3 : 1.1

1981-1990 0.3 0.2 : 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.5 : : 1.7 1.7 0.0 0.4 1.7 : : 0.7 : 0.3

1991 0.7 0.5

1991 0.1 0.9 : 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.5 24.9 : 2.4 0.0 0.5 0.5 -0.3 -3.7 6.9 -1.8 : 0.51992 0.1 0.1 : -0.6 -0.3 0.7 -0.1 0.3 3.0 27.1 : 2.7 0.0 0.7 0.3 -0.3 -1.0 -4.8 -1.2 : 0.11993 0.3 -0.1 2.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 -1.2 -0.2 1.4 -4.1 : 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -0.9 0.5 -5.3 -0.6 : -0.41994 0.8 0.2 0.6 -0.4 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.1 4.9 3.8 : 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.0 0.8 -5.6 1.1 : 0.21995 0.6 0.8 -0.1 0.8 2.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.4 1.4 2.4 -0.7 7.1 0.8 1.5 0.9 2.3 -2.4 1.1 0.7 0.71996 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.7 2.6 0.5 -0.2 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.5 -0.3 3.0 1.0 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.0 -0.3 0.3 0.31997 0.4 0.7 2.1 1.2 2.2 0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.5 3.4 2.2 0.5 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.5 1.0 -0.2 0.4 0.5 0.51998 0.6 1.2 0.3 1.6 1.5 0.7 0.8 0.2 -0.6 1.8 0.5 1.3 -1.9 1.1 0.6 1.0 1.1 -2.4 0.8 0.8 0.81999 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.5 -0.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 -1.4 -0.7 -0.6 0.5 -0.5 0.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 -1.4 0.0 0.6 0.72000 1.3 1.4 1.8 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.1 0.5 -0.5 -0.4 2.0 4.1 0.0 0.3 0.8 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

1991-2000 0.5 0.6 : 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.1 5.8 : 0.9 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 -1.3 0.0 : 0.4

2001 0.2 1.2 2.1 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 -1.1 0.7 -1.5 0.2 -1.9 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.3 1.7 0.3 0.7 0.72002 0.1 0.7 2.4 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 -0.5 3.6 -0.1 -1.3 -0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.9 2.5 0.5 0.4 0.42003 0.5 0.9 2.4 0.8 2.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 -0.6 5.4 0.3 0.1 -1.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.6 1.5 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.52004 1.2 0.7 2.9 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.3 1.4 4.2 -0.2 0.0 -1.5 0.0 0.5 0.4 2.8 2.9 0.6 0.6 0.52005 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.7 -0.1 0.9 3.8 0.7 1.9 -0.7 0.0 0.8 0.2 1.9 3.5 1.7 0.5 0.42006 1.6 0.8 3.0 0.9 2.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 -0.5 5.0 0.8 0.7 -0.7 0.0 1.0 0.4 2.5 2.9 1.2 0.7 0.72007 1.3 1.3 3.6 0.5 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.6 -1.2 5.1 3.5 0.8 -1.4 0.1 1.7 0.6 4.4 2.8 1.4 1.0 0.92008 1.8 1.1 0.5 -0.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.8 3.2 1.8 0.4 2.1 0.2 1.2 0.7 3.4 3.7 0.8 0.8 0.72009 -0.6 -0.7 -1.7 -0.9 -2.5 0.2 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 -0.3 -5.5 -2.2 2.6 -0.6 0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.3 -1.5 -0.6 -0.62010 1.0 0.5 0.5 -0.3 -0.5 0.5 -0.2 0.6 1.6 0.8 1.2 0.3 2.2 0.5 1.0 0.6 1.3 2.7 -0.2 0.4 0.4

2001-2010 0.9 0.7 1.6 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 3.1 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.7 0.3 1.8 2.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

2011 1.5 1.3 -0.8 0.5 -0.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 -0.1 3.4 3.4 0.3 1.5 -0.1 1.7 0.2 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.9 0.92012 0.7 -0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.5 0.7 0.9 2.3 -0.8 -0.1 0.0 1.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.1 -0.12013 0.3 0.2 -0.7 0.2 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 -0.3 -1.2 0.9 1.0 -0.5 1.7 0.2 0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.12014 0.3 0.3 1.3 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.5 0.52015 0.7 0.0 0.5 1.7 -1.3 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.6 1.1 0.0 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.52016 1.0 -0.1 2.1 1.8 -0.6 0.8 0.8 0.4 -0.7 1.3 -0.7 0.9 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.3 1.1 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.52017 1.0 0.2 1.8 2.0 -0.4 0.8 0.9 0.5 -1.2 1.2 -0.8 -0.2 -1.2 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.7 1.8 0.7 0.6 0.62018 1.7 0.6 2.4 0.4 2.0 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.0 1.0 -0.7 0.7 0.1 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.9 2.2 1.3 0.7 0.72019 1.2 0.1 1.9 0.0 2.0 0.9 0.5 -0.7 0.0 1.0 -0.7 0.7 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.5 1.6 3.3 1.5 0.3 0.32020 1.2 0.2 1.9 0.0 1.9 0.9 0.5 -0.9 0.0 0.9 -0.7 0.7 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.4 1.5 3.2 1.5 0.3 0.3

2011-2020 0.9 0.2 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.0 -0.2 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.3 1.0 1.7 0.8 0.4 0.4

2021 1.1 0.2 1.8 0.0 1.9 0.9 0.5 -0.9 0.0 0.9 -0.7 0.7 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.2 1.4 3.0 1.4 0.3 0.3


51

National final uses

21. Changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 : : 1.8 : : : : 2.4 : 1.0 : 1.5 : : : : 0.5 3.1 0.9

1971-1980 : : 0.9 : 3.6 : : 1.5 : 0.5 : 1.0 : : : : -0.1 1.1 0.7

1981-1990 : : 0.5 : 3.3 7.4 3.3 0.1 : 0.1 : 0.3 : : : : -0.1 0.5 0.4

1991 0.2

1991 4.4 -1.1 0.0 : -0.5 0.4 13.7 -0.8 : -0.7 : 0.3 : : : : 0.7 0.7 0.01992 3.7 -1.5 0.3 : -3.8 -1.5 12.2 0.0 : -0.3 : 0.1 : : : : 0.1 0.2 0.21993 2.3 -0.5 -0.7 : 1.1 -0.3 11.0 -0.3 : 0.0 : -0.3 : : : : -0.3 0.1 0.31994 -4.4 0.8 0.4 : 2.1 -0.3 4.5 1.0 : 0.5 : 0.2 : : : : 1.8 0.0 0.91995 1.1 0.4 1.2 2.4 1.4 2.2 2.2 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 : : 4.2 2.5 -0.6 0.3 0.41996 -3.3 1.7 0.5 1.7 1.9 2.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 : : 2.7 4.2 0.5 0.5 0.41997 0.0 0.4 1.2 4.0 3.0 1.5 -0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 : : 3.6 3.2 0.9 0.5 0.81998 4.1 -0.1 1.1 0.6 4.6 1.2 -0.4 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 : : 4.8 -3.2 0.4 0.3 0.71999 3.6 -0.2 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.2 -2.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 : : 3.1 -4.0 1.4 -0.7 0.62000 2.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 2.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 : 5.5 1.6 -3.0 1.5 -0.1 0.5

1991-2000 1.4 0.1 0.5 : 1.4 0.8 4.1 0.4 : 0.3 : 0.4 : : : : 0.6 0.2 0.5

2001 2.1 1.1 0.5 1.7 1.4 0.1 1.7 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 : 5.9 -4.6 5.1 0.1 0.0 -0.42002 1.6 0.9 0.7 3.5 0.9 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 : 4.1 -0.5 3.8 1.6 -0.4 0.22003 2.3 0.3 0.2 2.2 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 : 2.1 -2.1 2.8 1.6 -0.1 0.12004 2.5 1.2 1.0 1.7 2.8 1.9 1.9 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.5 : -0.5 -0.2 6.6 -0.2 0.3 0.52005 2.1 0.9 1.0 2.4 1.4 1.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 : -0.3 0.8 3.3 0.4 0.1 0.42006 4.6 2.1 1.0 3.1 2.3 1.3 0.9 0.0 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 : 1.1 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.52007 5.3 2.6 1.8 3.0 0.5 2.7 -4.0 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.9 : 1.9 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.22008 3.9 2.1 1.0 3.3 1.3 1.6 -4.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.7 0.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.7 2.1 0.6 -0.22009 0.8 -0.5 -1.1 0.0 -2.4 -0.9 1.2 -1.5 -0.6 -1.0 -0.7 -0.7 1.8 -0.4 1.2 0.0 0.6 -1.0 -1.02010 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.9 0.1 1.4 -0.1 2.1 0.0 0.4

2001-2010 2.5 1.1 0.6 2.1 1.0 0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.4 : 1.6 0.0 2.6 1.0 0.0 0.1

2011 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.8 2.0 -0.2 3.4 0.8 3.2 0.2 0.32012 0.8 0.3 0.7 -0.4 0.1 1.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.8 5.6 -0.9 1.0 0.2 0.42013 -0.2 -0.4 0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 2.0 -0.6 5.1 0.9 1.2 -0.1 0.62014 0.4 0.7 0.9 -0.5 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.2 6.9 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.52015 0.1 1.5 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.4 -0.1 6.6 1.8 -1.3 0.2 0.72016 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.7 1.7 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.4 8.1 1.0 -1.1 0.1 0.12017 1.5 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.6 2.3 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 3.3 11.0 1.8 0.9 0.1 0.22018 2.5 0.7 0.9 1.3 2.1 2.5 2.9 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.7 2.7 8.9 2.6 -0.3 0.2 0.32019 1.6 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.6 2.2 2.6 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.9 2.6 7.4 2.4 -3.0 0.3 0.32020 1.5 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.6 2.1 2.4 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.0 3.0 7.1 2.1 -2.9 0.3 0.2

2011-2020 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.4 7.0 1.3 -0.2 0.1 0.4

2021 1.5 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.6 2.0 2.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.2 2.9 6.7 1.8 -2.8 0.3 0.2


52

National final uses

22. Domestic demand including stocks at current prices



1960-1970 100.4 97.8 : 107.7 107.6 103.4 99.2 99.4 107.4 : : 86.3 113.6 99.0 101.1 104.5 : : 101.0 : 99.5

1971-1980 100.2 98.1 : 110.8 106.7 102.6 99.9 100.3 116.6 : : 86.2 111.2 97.1 101.7 109.0 : : 100.7 : 99.8

1981-1990 99.6 96.5 : 100.4 107.1 101.7 100.8 100.1 106.9 : : 89.9 108.3 95.4 100.5 109.5 : : 99.5 : 99.3

1991 94.6 98.9

1991 98.4 100.5 : 94.7 110.4 104.2 100.3 99.9 109.0 93.5 91.0 88.4 106.9 94.9 100.4 109.3 91.0 106.4 101.2 : 100.61992 97.7 100.5 : 92.0 109.1 103.9 99.3 100.1 109.3 96.1 96.1 84.1 103.1 95.3 100.8 108.9 93.4 107.4 99.4 : 100.31993 96.9 99.9 103.4 89.1 109.1 101.7 98.3 97.0 98.9 87.5 107.3 82.4 105.6 93.6 100.7 107.4 99.3 107.7 95.8 98.9 98.91994 96.4 99.8 109.7 89.8 107.2 101.1 98.5 96.7 98.8 100.6 105.5 80.4 106.1 93.4 101.3 107.5 98.2 97.5 94.7 98.7 98.71995 96.1 99.6 106.9 88.8 108.3 101.1 98.4 96.3 100.9 104.8 110.6 79.7 109.4 93.4 101.3 106.4 102.2 100.7 93.2 98.5 98.51996 96.8 99.3 108.1 90.2 108.9 100.2 98.2 95.5 100.4 109.0 109.3 77.4 109.4 94.0 101.4 107.1 101.2 113.2 93.9 98.3 98.21997 96.1 98.9 109.1 88.7 106.8 99.8 97.0 96.3 101.4 109.1 110.1 78.9 104.9 93.6 100.6 108.0 101.1 110.4 93.2 97.9 97.81998 96.4 98.8 109.7 88.4 109.7 100.5 97.3 97.0 97.5 112.1 111.4 80.5 102.6 93.9 100.0 109.2 101.7 111.0 92.7 98.1 98.01999 96.0 99.4 104.0 87.3 108.9 101.9 97.6 98.2 97.4 109.8 110.0 77.6 102.3 94.6 99.6 110.4 104.3 104.8 91.5 98.7 98.62000 97.1 99.8 102.4 86.4 111.0 103.0 98.7 99.2 97.6 108.0 106.2 75.0 107.2 93.5 99.0 111.0 103.7 102.4 91.4 99.2 99.2

1991-2000 96.8 99.7 : 89.5 108.9 101.7 98.4 97.6 101.1 103.0 105.8 80.4 105.7 94.0 100.5 108.5 99.6 106.1 94.7 : 98.9

2001 96.4 98.4 103.0 85.4 110.6 102.3 98.4 98.7 95.4 110.4 105.5 76.5 101.7 93.4 98.2 110.2 101.0 107.4 90.7 98.5 98.52002 94.4 95.7 106.5 84.7 110.1 102.0 98.0 99.2 98.8 110.2 105.7 74.9 95.6 93.2 96.0 108.2 99.0 106.4 90.9 97.5 97.52003 94.6 96.2 108.3 86.5 111.1 102.2 98.6 99.5 98.5 112.6 105.8 76.3 99.1 93.4 97.5 106.4 100.3 100.5 93.0 98.0 98.02004 95.1 94.8 107.5 87.4 108.5 103.7 99.0 99.4 100.1 115.6 107.0 75.1 101.3 92.3 96.8 107.9 101.4 101.6 93.4 97.8 97.72005 96.0 94.8 104.6 90.2 108.3 104.8 99.9 100.1 100.5 114.5 107.2 74.4 102.4 91.5 97.0 108.8 100.6 103.1 95.7 98.4 98.32006 96.0 94.6 109.8 92.3 110.5 105.7 100.2 100.8 102.9 120.7 110.3 68.1 103.4 91.4 96.1 107.8 100.0 102.1 95.1 98.7 98.62007 95.9 93.2 108.3 91.6 112.5 105.8 100.7 100.3 104.8 119.0 113.1 66.7 99.4 92.9 95.3 107.6 101.3 99.6 94.9 98.5 98.32008 99.3 93.9 103.4 92.1 112.6 104.7 101.2 100.8 112.8 112.9 111.6 69.3 100.2 91.5 95.6 109.6 102.1 101.8 96.1 98.8 98.72009 97.7 95.0 94.9 88.1 109.8 100.9 100.8 100.6 105.3 101.6 101.7 67.8 101.5 92.4 96.9 106.9 98.6 100.2 97.7 98.4 98.32010 98.3 94.7 93.6 83.6 108.6 101.0 101.3 101.9 108.3 101.5 102.0 67.1 100.9 91.9 96.6 107.6 98.9 100.3 98.4 98.5 98.4

2001-2010 96.4 95.1 104.0 88.2 110.3 103.3 99.8 100.1 102.8 111.9 107.0 71.6 100.6 92.4 96.6 108.1 100.3 102.3 94.6 98.3 98.2

2011 100.1 95.1 94.2 81.8 106.8 99.7 101.9 101.4 103.8 105.0 102.7 67.5 97.8 91.5 97.4 104.2 98.8 99.3 100.6 98.4 98.42012 99.9 93.9 98.4 83.4 104.4 97.9 101.3 98.9 101.9 104.4 99.4 69.0 95.4 90.3 97.3 100.5 96.6 94.5 101.5 97.1 97.12013 99.2 94.2 97.3 80.7 102.8 96.1 101.0 97.6 98.4 103.5 98.5 68.0 93.7 89.8 97.3 98.9 95.3 94.4 101.1 96.5 96.52014 99.2 93.4 96.5 81.3 102.4 96.9 101.1 97.1 99.1 102.0 98.2 67.6 87.7 88.9 96.7 99.9 93.2 95.2 100.9 96.1 96.12015 98.6 92.4 96.1 71.0 99.9 97.0 100.6 97.0 97.4 100.9 101.0 66.0 90.4 92.5 96.3 99.3 92.0 96.9 100.5 95.5 95.52016 98.8 92.6 97.5 83.5 100.7 96.0 100.6 96.7 98.3 99.0 99.2 64.6 86.2 89.8 96.2 98.9 91.5 97.1 101.2 95.6 95.52017 98.6 92.9 96.7 77.6 101.0 96.4 101.1 97.0 100.4 99.8 97.6 64.8 78.8 89.2 96.5 99.0 91.1 97.8 99.9 95.6 95.62018 100.2 93.8 95.5 66.7 100.3 97.3 100.8 97.5 99.2 100.2 98.1 64.0 79.1 89.0 96.2 99.9 91.7 98.0 100.3 95.7 95.62019 100.1 94.3 96.1 75.4 100.5 96.8 100.6 97.1 102.8 100.8 97.4 64.7 81.0 89.8 96.4 100.7 92.0 98.8 100.4 96.0 95.92020 100.1 94.4 96.0 76.1 100.7 96.7 100.7 97.1 105.4 100.9 97.1 65.0 82.0 90.3 96.5 101.2 92.6 99.0 100.6 96.1 96.0

2011-2020 99.5 93.7 96.4 77.8 102.0 97.1 101.0 97.7 100.7 101.7 98.9 66.1 87.2 90.1 96.7 100.2 93.5 97.1 100.7 96.2 96.2

2021 100.2 94.7 96.0 76.7 100.5 96.7 100.7 97.1 106.4 101.3 96.9 64.8 82.3 90.7 96.4 101.7 93.3 98.7 100.9 96.2 96.1


53

National final uses

22. Domestic demand including stocks at current prices



1960-1970 : : 101.8 : : : : 100.9 : 100.5 : 99.8 : : : : 92.9 99.7 99.4

1971-1980 : : 102.2 : 104.6 : : 100.4 : 100.9 : 100.0 : : : : 96.3 99.5 100.3

1981-1990 : : 97.8 : 98.6 98.0 96.1 99.2 : 100.3 : 99.4 : : : : 94.0 98.1 101.8

1991 99.0

1991 88.5 93.3 93.8 : 100.9 102.7 103.4 99.4 : 100.4 : 100.4 : : : : 99.8 98.5 100.51992 97.8 98.5 93.1 : 100.2 99.4 107.8 99.3 : 100.7 : 100.2 : : : : 98.4 98.0 100.51993 99.5 98.7 92.5 : 108.2 99.7 104.4 97.6 : 100.4 : 98.9 : : : : 100.5 97.9 100.91994 93.0 101.3 94.1 : 106.4 98.1 101.5 96.9 : 100.0 : 98.8 : : : : 100.4 98.1 101.31995 90.6 103.1 95.3 108.3 100.0 97.8 105.0 94.6 98.4 99.7 98.6 98.5 : : 109.2 103.1 96.9 98.7 101.21996 88.8 104.9 94.3 106.5 99.5 101.3 107.9 94.7 98.2 99.8 98.5 98.3 125.4 : 109.7 106.7 97.0 99.6 101.21997 87.3 104.2 95.6 112.9 99.0 103.8 106.8 94.0 97.9 99.5 98.2 97.9 128.5 : 112.9 107.5 99.9 98.9 101.21998 93.2 100.3 96.9 106.8 101.6 104.7 107.8 94.7 98.2 100.6 98.6 98.4 126.9 : 114.3 104.8 99.1 98.2 101.81999 104.6 100.4 94.0 106.1 102.7 105.8 104.7 95.0 98.7 101.4 99.2 98.9 121.1 : 109.4 104.6 100.2 98.4 102.72000 105.3 101.8 93.3 103.0 103.7 106.3 105.3 95.2 99.2 101.7 99.7 99.5 124.3 120.6 114.3 104.9 103.1 98.6 103.7

1991-2000 94.9 100.6 94.3 : 102.2 101.9 105.5 96.1 : 100.4 : 99.0 : : : : 99.5 98.5 101.5

2001 109.3 101.3 92.9 103.5 101.3 103.6 107.7 94.9 98.5 102.2 99.2 99.0 125.6 130.4 113.1 115.2 96.2 99.3 103.52002 108.0 101.3 93.1 107.9 102.0 103.4 105.7 94.8 97.7 102.6 98.6 98.3 127.4 131.4 118.9 116.7 98.5 98.6 103.92003 110.2 101.2 93.2 107.4 103.9 102.7 107.8 94.8 98.1 102.2 98.8 98.5 127.3 122.8 115.8 114.9 101.1 98.3 104.42004 111.2 99.2 94.4 106.0 104.0 102.7 109.1 93.4 97.9 102.5 98.7 98.4 126.2 122.5 119.5 124.0 102.6 98.0 105.12005 114.7 97.7 94.5 106.1 102.3 101.1 110.3 94.0 98.4 102.4 99.1 98.9 125.9 124.0 116.2 117.1 103.4 98.5 105.52006 117.1 97.3 95.9 106.7 101.1 102.1 112.1 93.6 98.8 102.1 99.3 99.0 126.2 136.9 117.0 118.0 104.9 98.6 105.62007 118.8 97.6 97.1 107.3 99.5 103.5 114.1 94.3 98.7 102.0 99.3 98.9 128.6 142.7 117.9 121.0 104.8 98.1 105.02008 119.7 97.8 96.5 108.0 99.6 105.0 112.9 94.7 99.2 102.2 99.6 99.1 129.3 153.3 125.1 121.8 104.3 99.6 104.92009 108.3 96.1 95.5 103.7 96.0 100.9 106.4 94.9 98.4 101.6 98.8 98.7 126.5 130.8 121.6 113.3 100.8 99.4 102.72010 102.9 96.9 93.1 100.4 94.7 102.0 106.4 95.1 98.4 102.0 98.9 98.8 119.6 125.7 118.3 112.2 105.0 98.5 103.4

2001-2010 112.0 98.6 94.6 105.7 100.4 102.7 109.3 94.5 98.4 102.2 99.0 98.7 126.3 132.0 118.3 117.4 102.2 98.7 104.4

2011 99.6 96.2 93.6 100.5 93.9 102.0 105.8 95.6 98.3 100.9 98.7 98.6 120.7 122.0 118.9 112.8 108.1 100.5 103.72012 103.2 95.2 94.0 99.5 93.2 100.4 105.1 95.4 97.1 101.2 97.8 97.6 117.1 124.4 121.5 113.8 104.9 101.5 103.52013 100.4 94.2 93.4 99.5 93.0 98.1 100.8 96.0 96.5 101.3 97.2 97.2 119.1 120.1 118.1 108.2 105.8 102.3 102.92014 101.0 93.6 93.0 98.1 93.7 98.6 100.4 96.5 96.2 101.4 97.0 97.0 117.9 119.8 117.2 108.1 103.9 102.5 102.92015 99.0 94.0 93.2 97.6 92.0 96.9 100.6 96.0 95.6 101.4 96.6 96.6 117.6 118.5 116.2 107.0 102.6 100.4 102.92016 95.0 92.3 93.3 97.2 91.3 96.0 100.9 96.3 95.5 101.6 96.5 96.6 117.5 122.5 114.9 104.8 102.9 99.0 102.82017 95.7 92.5 92.9 97.8 92.7 95.8 102.1 96.8 95.6 101.2 96.5 96.5 116.3 123.4 113.8 106.6 104.5 99.1 102.92018 97.4 93.6 95.0 98.6 95.6 96.6 103.2 97.6 95.8 101.3 96.7 96.6 114.9 123.9 112.6 108.5 101.1 99.7 103.12019 96.3 93.7 93.6 99.8 96.6 96.6 104.2 96.3 96.1 101.1 96.8 96.8 114.2 123.6 113.6 109.7 98.1 99.9 103.02020 96.3 93.5 93.9 100.5 96.3 96.8 104.8 95.9 96.2 101.0 96.9 96.8 113.0 123.1 114.8 110.0 98.3 99.8 103.2

2011-2020 98.4 93.9 93.6 98.9 93.8 97.8 102.8 96.2 96.3 101.2 97.1 97.0 116.8 122.1 116.1 108.9 103.0 100.5 103.1

2021 96.3 93.5 93.8 100.9 96.3 96.7 105.3 95.4 96.2 101.0 97.0 96.9 112.1 121.5 115.6 110.3 98.5 99.8 103.4


54

National final uses

23. Domestic demand including stocks at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 4.6 4.7 : 4.6 8.8 7.8 5.9 6.4 : : : 3.6 : 5.7 4.5 6.4 : : 5.2 : 5.7

1971-1980 3.6 2.9 : 4.6 4.2 3.5 3.5 3.2 : : : 3.0 : 2.7 3.8 5.1 : : 3.8 : 3.3

1981-1990 1.7 1.9 : 1.7 1.3 3.4 2.5 2.4 : : : 4.0 : 1.8 2.1 4.2 : : 3.4 : 2.3

1991 1.7 4.7 : 0.2 3.5 3.0 0.4 2.3 : : : 8.6 : 2.1 3.5 5.9 -8.7 : -8.1 : 2.41992 1.8 2.7 : -0.1 -0.6 1.0 0.7 0.7 : : : -4.3 : 1.6 2.3 5.2 -2.4 : -5.7 : 1.41993 -0.9 -1.2 : 1.0 -1.0 -3.3 -1.4 -4.4 : : : 4.6 : -0.8 0.1 -1.4 10.8 6.7 -4.7 : -2.01994 2.4 2.5 2.6 5.1 1.1 1.5 2.4 1.5 : : : 2.4 : 2.8 3.2 2.4 5.5 -4.8 3.8 : 2.31995 2.1 1.6 5.1 7.0 3.5 3.1 1.7 1.8 10.2 : : 0.7 : 3.3 2.6 2.1 9.5 10.0 6.0 : 2.11996 1.5 0.4 9.8 8.3 4.2 2.1 1.0 0.7 0.9 6.3 8.7 1.7 2.8 4.1 2.0 3.6 2.9 16.8 3.2 1.3 1.31997 2.8 1.0 15.0 9.2 2.9 3.4 1.0 2.8 3.4 5.5 12.1 4.6 -0.1 4.7 1.2 5.4 5.2 4.5 5.8 2.1 2.11998 2.4 2.4 7.1 9.6 6.9 5.9 4.1 3.1 2.8 11.6 8.4 5.8 -1.1 5.5 2.9 6.9 4.4 3.7 6.1 3.7 3.71999 2.6 2.8 -4.0 8.7 2.6 6.0 3.8 2.9 5.4 2.4 -1.0 8.4 5.8 5.2 2.8 5.6 8.4 -6.2 2.3 3.5 3.62000 3.7 2.0 8.6 9.1 4.9 5.1 4.3 3.4 6.3 1.6 1.9 3.8 10.8 3.1 2.4 3.2 1.3 0.5 4.1 3.4 3.4

1991-2000 2.0 1.9 : 5.7 2.8 2.7 1.8 1.5 : : : 3.6 : 3.1 2.3 3.9 3.5 : 1.1 : 2.0

2001 0.3 0.2 8.2 5.3 4.0 3.8 1.8 1.9 3.0 9.3 5.7 2.7 -5.8 3.0 0.4 1.6 1.5 7.7 1.9 1.6 1.62002 0.0 -2.4 12.6 4.9 4.0 3.4 1.1 1.1 5.7 5.9 7.4 1.7 -2.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 2.4 3.6 1.3 0.3 0.22003 0.9 0.3 11.2 4.8 7.4 3.7 1.3 0.6 4.2 11.4 10.7 4.1 8.2 0.1 2.3 -2.2 4.7 -0.6 3.1 1.3 1.32004 3.5 -0.3 6.8 4.4 2.6 4.6 3.0 1.0 7.5 12.1 12.0 2.7 1.5 0.5 2.0 3.1 4.9 6.2 3.7 1.8 1.72005 2.8 0.2 7.7 9.9 0.1 5.0 2.2 0.9 3.7 9.3 8.5 2.8 5.5 1.5 2.1 1.3 1.7 8.3 4.1 1.9 1.82006 2.0 3.0 17.5 7.1 7.8 5.1 2.3 1.7 6.6 18.3 8.7 1.1 3.2 3.4 2.4 0.8 4.8 6.2 2.2 3.1 3.02007 3.7 1.6 9.2 4.0 5.4 4.0 3.3 1.3 7.4 12.5 14.9 5.6 0.9 5.2 2.7 2.5 9.1 7.0 4.8 2.9 2.82008 2.0 1.0 -8.7 -4.0 -0.6 -0.6 0.5 -1.2 11.0 -8.8 3.1 3.8 3.4 0.7 1.1 1.1 3.5 6.5 1.0 0.2 0.22009 -1.6 -3.3 -20.5 -8.4 -6.5 -6.2 -2.5 -4.1 -8.3 -22.8 -24.0 -5.7 -1.4 -2.6 -1.7 -3.5 -9.0 -7.7 -6.4 -4.0 -3.72010 2.2 3.1 0.9 -3.8 -6.7 -0.4 2.1 1.9 4.6 -4.6 2.0 5.8 4.7 -0.1 0.5 1.8 -0.8 5.3 3.4 1.5 1.5

2001-2010 1.6 0.3 3.9 2.3 1.6 2.2 1.5 0.5 4.4 3.5 4.3 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.6 2.2 4.1 1.9 1.1 1.0

2011 2.4 3.3 9.0 -0.6 -11.1 -3.1 2.1 -0.5 -4.3 11.8 6.0 4.5 -1.8 0.4 2.8 -5.6 -0.2 0.7 4.0 0.8 0.72012 0.6 -0.9 7.8 2.6 -9.9 -5.0 -0.4 -5.7 -5.1 1.8 -0.2 2.5 -0.4 -2.2 0.1 -7.2 -5.5 -4.1 -0.8 -2.4 -2.42013 0.0 1.1 1.3 -1.4 -4.3 -2.9 0.7 -2.7 -9.6 1.8 2.4 2.6 3.2 -0.6 -0.1 -1.9 -1.9 0.0 -1.0 -0.5 -0.52014 1.8 1.7 3.4 8.4 0.9 1.9 1.5 0.2 -1.2 -0.1 3.7 5.8 2.8 0.1 0.5 2.1 1.3 3.5 0.1 1.4 1.32015 2.2 1.6 1.7 16.3 -1.3 4.1 1.5 1.3 2.1 2.5 7.0 0.6 14.1 6.9 1.2 2.4 1.7 6.4 1.4 2.4 2.32016 2.2 3.0 5.0 20.6 0.5 2.1 1.5 1.8 8.0 1.7 1.9 2.8 1.1 -0.7 2.2 2.2 3.0 1.9 3.5 2.4 2.42017 1.2 2.4 4.5 -0.6 1.6 3.1 2.3 1.6 7.2 4.9 2.8 2.1 -1.2 2.3 2.1 3.3 4.2 3.3 1.6 2.2 2.22018 2.2 2.1 3.8 -8.6 0.5 2.7 1.0 1.1 2.5 6.1 3.4 2.3 7.9 2.1 1.7 3.3 4.7 3.6 2.7 1.6 1.52019 1.1 1.2 3.9 17.3 2.1 1.3 1.2 -0.3 6.7 3.4 4.0 3.5 7.2 2.3 1.7 2.8 3.1 3.2 1.3 1.5 1.42020 1.3 1.5 2.3 3.4 2.5 1.4 1.4 0.5 5.3 2.8 3.1 2.8 5.2 1.9 1.4 2.3 3.3 2.6 1.2 1.4 1.4

2011-2020 1.5 1.7 4.2 5.4 -2.0 0.5 1.3 -0.3 1.0 3.6 3.4 2.9 3.7 1.2 1.4 0.3 1.3 2.1 1.4 1.1 1.0

2021 1.3 1.4 2.5 3.0 1.9 1.3 1.2 0.7 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.4 4.2 1.6 1.2 2.3 3.3 2.3 1.2 1.3 1.3


55

National final uses

23. Domestic demand including stocks at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 5.4 : : : : 4.5 : 2.9 : 5.1 : : : : 5.7 10.1 4.2

1971-1980 : : 1.7 : : : : 1.6 : 1.9 : 3.0 : : : : 4.7 4.1 2.9

1981-1990 : : 1.6 : : : : 2.1 : 3.3 : 2.5 : : : : 4.7 4.5 3.5

1991 : -17.4 0.4 : : 1.9 -17.5 -2.0 : -2.4 : 1.4 : : : : 0.6 2.7 -0.71992 : 4.5 1.9 : -2.7 0.7 -8.5 -1.4 : 1.4 : 1.3 : : : : 4.8 0.5 3.61993 : 3.9 -0.9 : 8.5 5.7 0.6 -5.1 : 2.4 : -1.4 : : : : 12.5 0.2 3.31994 : 7.4 6.7 : 2.1 4.1 -0.6 3.5 : 3.6 : 2.6 : : : : -10.2 1.2 4.41995 5.3 8.1 4.4 : -4.7 7.0 10.8 2.5 : 1.3 : 2.0 : : : : 9.2 3.3 2.51996 -5.4 8.1 2.3 4.5 -0.7 9.3 4.9 1.1 1.5 2.8 1.7 1.5 : : 1.6 5.1 8.1 3.6 3.91997 -20.0 -0.9 4.8 14.5 3.6 8.6 -3.9 2.0 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.3 -18.0 : 3.0 6.9 8.6 0.1 4.71998 13.8 -1.7 3.3 -2.5 7.2 6.1 2.3 4.8 3.8 4.9 4.0 4.0 -2.8 : 3.5 -2.3 1.1 -1.5 5.61999 5.3 1.3 -0.4 -2.4 4.0 5.4 -3.1 3.4 3.4 4.0 3.5 3.6 8.5 : 1.4 -9.0 0.7 -0.1 5.52000 7.2 4.2 3.6 0.7 4.0 3.3 4.6 4.4 3.4 4.2 3.6 3.6 11.8 : 9.3 7.7 7.2 2.3 4.8

1991-2000 : 1.5 2.6 : : 5.2 -1.3 1.3 : 2.5 : 2.1 : : : : 4.1 1.2 3.7

2001 8.2 3.9 0.2 4.3 2.2 -1.3 8.0 0.7 1.6 3.5 2.0 1.9 9.2 : -2.6 11.4 -12.0 1.2 1.22002 5.2 3.6 1.0 10.7 6.7 1.5 4.7 1.1 0.5 3.4 1.1 0.9 6.4 : 5.8 10.7 11.5 -0.6 2.32003 8.6 3.6 0.6 6.4 6.0 2.5 5.5 1.9 1.5 3.2 1.8 1.7 8.7 : -0.5 4.7 7.7 0.8 3.22004 8.8 3.5 4.3 3.7 5.0 6.3 13.9 2.3 2.1 2.9 2.3 2.0 6.0 : 7.9 16.1 9.0 1.4 4.32005 9.8 3.4 3.5 4.4 1.5 2.4 8.4 2.9 2.0 3.5 2.3 2.2 5.9 : 3.4 -0.7 9.3 1.4 3.52006 11.0 5.0 5.1 6.0 1.8 7.2 13.1 4.3 3.4 2.1 3.1 2.9 6.3 : 4.9 9.9 7.3 0.6 2.92007 10.1 6.6 1.9 6.3 -1.1 9.3 15.4 4.8 3.3 2.2 3.1 2.7 9.5 20.9 8.1 13.1 7.1 0.6 1.22008 6.9 2.0 -0.2 3.3 0.5 5.3 9.0 0.1 0.6 -1.3 0.2 -0.1 9.6 15.0 9.1 5.9 0.6 -1.3 -1.22009 -10.7 -5.4 -6.2 -10.5 -9.7 -0.2 -10.8 -3.7 -4.1 -4.4 -4.2 -3.9 1.1 -17.3 -2.2 -8.6 -11.3 -4.0 -3.72010 -4.2 1.8 0.7 -4.4 -0.7 4.2 -3.6 6.2 1.6 2.8 1.8 1.8 -0.7 -1.4 1.0 -3.3 18.2 2.4 3.2

2001-2010 5.1 2.7 1.1 2.9 1.1 3.7 6.1 2.0 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.2 6.2 : 3.4 5.6 4.3 0.2 1.7

2011 1.3 -0.1 1.0 -0.2 -0.2 4.2 1.9 3.1 1.0 0.0 0.8 0.7 2.8 -1.6 0.5 3.0 12.8 0.7 1.52012 2.4 -2.1 0.9 -3.4 -3.0 -0.5 0.8 -0.8 -2.1 1.9 -1.5 -1.6 -2.0 -1.8 3.4 -1.7 0.5 2.3 2.22013 -2.7 -0.6 0.8 -0.5 2.0 -0.6 -0.3 1.7 -0.4 2.6 0.1 0.1 1.1 1.6 1.3 -0.3 13.0 2.4 1.62014 3.2 3.4 1.9 -1.4 5.3 4.8 3.7 3.4 1.7 3.2 1.9 1.8 1.2 2.5 4.4 -0.8 3.3 0.4 2.72015 2.9 5.9 2.8 2.2 2.4 3.3 5.3 4.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 1.4 3.1 5.3 -0.2 5.2 0.8 3.62016 1.6 1.1 2.5 3.8 1.7 2.3 5.1 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.0 8.2 4.9 1.4 4.5 0.0 1.82017 4.4 3.5 2.2 3.6 5.2 4.9 8.4 2.5 2.5 1.2 2.2 2.0 2.6 7.6 0.3 3.8 7.2 1.4 2.62018 5.8 4.0 3.1 3.9 7.3 5.3 5.6 2.5 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.6 2.3 6.6 0.4 6.4 -1.3 0.8 3.12019 4.1 2.4 0.6 4.6 5.5 4.6 5.6 -0.1 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.4 3.2 3.1 4.1 4.4 -4.8 1.1 2.42020 3.4 1.9 1.9 3.9 2.7 4.0 4.4 0.2 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4 3.1 2.7 4.3 4.1 3.1 0.4 1.9

2011-2020 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.6 2.9 3.2 4.0 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.7 3.2 2.9 2.0 4.2 1.0 2.3

2021 3.2 2.1 1.6 3.5 2.7 3.6 3.9 0.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4 3.1 1.8 4.1 4.1 3.6 0.6 1.7


56

Prices

24. Price deflator gross domestic product at market prices



1961-1970 3.4 3.8 : 5.5 3.0 6.5 4.4 4.4 : : : 4.1 : 5.2 3.8 3.1 : : 5.9 : 4.3

1971-1980 6.9 5.1 : 13.8 14.6 15.1 9.7 15.1 : : : 6.5 : 7.7 6.4 15.7 : : 11.0 : 9.4

1981-1990 4.3 2.8 : 7.0 19.6 9.4 6.2 10.8 : : : 4.1 : 1.8 3.6 16.9 : : 7.1 : 6.3

1991 2.9 3.1 : 1.8 19.8 6.9 2.5 7.7 3.9 162.6 227.9 1.8 : 3.1 3.6 10.9 94.9 : 1.5 : 4.71992 3.4 5.3 : 2.8 14.8 6.7 2.0 4.5 5.8 932.2 943.0 3.7 3.6 2.5 3.5 9.0 208.2 : 0.9 : 4.41993 4.0 3.9 : 5.2 14.4 4.5 1.6 3.9 5.1 64.8 306.2 6.0 2.8 1.6 2.8 5.3 37.1 15.6 1.8 : 3.51994 2.1 2.0 39.7 1.7 11.2 3.9 0.9 3.6 5.3 36.2 61.6 3.5 3.5 2.1 2.5 6.8 22.6 13.4 1.9 2.6 2.51995 1.2 2.0 31.4 2.9 9.8 4.9 1.1 5.2 -0.5 15.1 46.4 2.3 4.8 2.1 1.8 5.6 23.0 9.9 4.2 2.9 2.81996 0.5 0.6 22.5 2.3 7.6 3.5 1.4 4.5 2.6 12.4 19.0 4.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 2.4 11.5 4.5 -0.1 1.9 1.81997 0.8 0.3 9.9 3.9 6.6 2.4 0.9 2.6 2.2 5.9 11.5 -1.0 1.3 2.6 1.3 3.9 8.4 4.8 2.1 1.5 1.41998 1.8 0.7 6.9 6.5 5.1 2.6 1.0 2.4 2.0 4.8 3.4 -2.0 2.5 2.1 0.4 3.8 7.4 4.9 3.1 1.6 1.61999 0.6 0.3 6.7 4.4 3.6 2.5 0.2 1.5 2.3 1.5 -1.3 5.8 1.6 1.3 0.3 3.4 6.5 7.2 0.9 1.0 1.02000 2.0 -0.5 3.7 6.9 1.6 3.3 1.6 1.8 2.7 3.6 1.3 2.2 2.2 3.4 1.4 3.4 5.6 9.5 1.6 1.4 1.4

1991-2000 1.9 1.8 : 3.8 9.3 4.1 1.3 3.8 3.1 57.2 84.2 2.7 : 2.2 1.8 5.4 33.6 : 1.8 : 2.5

2001 2.0 1.3 6.8 6.9 3.5 4.1 2.0 3.0 3.7 2.3 -0.3 0.5 2.4 4.2 1.9 3.7 8.7 5.1 3.3 2.5 2.52002 1.6 1.4 4.8 5.2 3.3 4.1 2.1 3.3 0.3 5.1 0.3 1.7 2.8 3.8 1.1 4.2 7.6 3.9 0.9 2.5 2.42003 1.9 1.3 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.9 1.9 3.1 5.4 4.9 -0.8 2.7 2.9 2.2 1.3 3.4 5.6 5.3 0.2 2.3 2.22004 1.9 1.1 4.7 0.5 3.1 3.9 1.6 2.7 2.7 6.8 2.7 3.0 1.5 1.2 1.7 2.4 3.4 5.7 0.6 1.9 1.92005 2.1 0.4 5.9 3.1 2.2 4.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 11.2 6.9 4.2 2.2 2.0 2.5 3.3 1.5 2.5 0.9 1.9 1.82006 2.3 0.4 9.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 2.2 2.1 3.1 12.4 6.7 7.0 2.7 2.6 1.9 3.2 2.2 2.9 0.9 2.0 2.02007 1.9 1.8 12.4 1.2 3.4 3.4 2.6 2.5 4.1 20.1 8.6 1.5 2.8 2.1 2.2 3.0 4.2 1.1 2.8 2.4 2.42008 1.9 0.9 6.9 -0.3 4.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 4.7 11.7 9.7 3.9 3.0 2.3 2.0 1.7 4.5 2.9 3.0 2.0 1.92009 0.5 1.8 -0.2 -4.6 2.6 0.1 0.1 1.7 0.3 -9.7 -3.3 1.4 2.7 0.2 1.9 1.1 3.4 -1.2 1.8 0.9 0.92010 1.9 0.6 1.8 -3.1 0.7 0.2 1.1 0.4 1.9 -0.4 2.3 3.6 3.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 -1.0 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.7

2001-2010 1.8 1.1 5.6 1.6 3.0 3.0 1.8 2.3 2.8 6.2 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.1 1.7 2.7 4.0 2.9 1.5 1.9 1.9

2011 1.8 1.1 5.4 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.9 1.6 1.6 6.4 5.4 4.8 2.2 0.2 1.8 -0.3 1.0 1.7 2.6 1.1 1.02012 2.0 1.5 4.0 2.3 -0.4 -0.1 1.2 1.5 1.7 3.6 2.8 2.6 2.1 1.4 2.1 -0.4 0.5 1.3 3.0 1.3 1.32013 1.3 2.0 4.0 1.2 -2.4 0.4 0.8 1.1 -0.9 1.6 1.4 1.7 2.0 1.3 1.6 2.2 1.6 0.5 2.6 1.2 1.22014 1.0 1.9 2.9 -0.1 -1.8 -0.2 0.6 0.9 -1.4 1.8 0.9 2.7 2.4 0.3 2.2 0.7 0.5 -0.2 1.6 0.9 0.92015 1.3 1.7 1.1 7.8 -0.3 0.5 1.1 0.9 -0.9 0.0 0.1 0.2 2.4 0.8 2.3 2.0 1.0 -0.2 1.7 1.4 1.42016 1.7 1.2 1.7 -0.3 -0.2 0.3 0.5 1.1 -0.8 0.9 1.6 0.8 1.4 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.8 -0.5 0.2 0.8 0.92017 1.7 1.0 3.6 1.1 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.7 1.7 3.0 4.3 1.7 2.4 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.92018 1.5 1.5 4.5 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.4 4.0 3.3 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.3 1.32019 1.6 2.0 3.4 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.4 0.6 1.5 3.1 3.6 2.2 2.1 2.5 1.9 1.4 2.7 2.4 1.4 1.5 1.52020 1.9 2.0 3.0 1.5 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.5 2.3 3.3 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 2.4 2.3 1.8 1.5 1.5

2011-2020 1.6 1.6 3.4 1.6 -0.2 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.5 2.7 2.6 2.1 2.1 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.2

2021 2.0 1.7 2.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.1 1.2 1.7 1.6 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.5 1.4


57

Prices

24. Price deflator gross domestic product at market prices



1961-1970 : : 6.2 : : : : 4.2 : 4.7 : 4.4 : : : : 6.0 5.7 2.7

1971-1980 : : 9.7 : : : : 9.6 : 14.1 : 10.1 : : : : 32.8 7.8 6.9

1981-1990 : : 5.7 : : : : 7.7 : 6.8 : 6.4 : : : : 46.4 1.5 4.2

1991 : 42.8 2.7 : : 55.3 195.6 8.5 : 6.6 : 5.1 : : 93.8 : 58.8 2.6 3.41992 59.6 14.8 1.7 : 20.3 38.6 199.7 1.3 : 3.1 : 4.1 : : 1272.0 : 63.7 1.6 2.31993 51.1 21.4 0.6 : 21.3 30.6 227.3 2.7 : 2.7 : 3.3 : : 442.1 : 67.8 0.4 2.41994 72.7 11.5 1.6 : 19.5 37.2 139.0 2.6 : 1.3 : 2.3 : : 151.9 : 106.5 0.1 2.11995 62.4 9.1 1.3 : 26.7 28.0 35.3 3.8 : 2.4 : 2.7 : : 17.1 : 87.2 -0.5 2.11996 63.1 10.0 2.0 3.8 21.9 18.0 44.0 1.0 2.7 4.1 2.9 2.1 : : 2.9 85.0 77.8 -0.5 1.81997 914.1 8.4 2.0 6.9 20.3 13.7 135.3 1.5 3.6 1.1 3.2 1.4 11.2 : 3.9 20.9 81.5 0.5 1.71998 33.3 9.9 1.2 8.3 13.8 11.0 48.1 0.8 2.2 1.0 2.0 1.4 6.7 : 1.4 24.4 75.7 0.0 1.11999 3.2 3.0 1.7 3.7 8.1 6.2 49.5 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.4 1.0 2.1 : 2.7 27.9 54.3 -1.3 1.42000 7.2 1.8 3.0 4.4 9.6 6.1 43.2 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.5 5.6 : 8.2 81.0 49.3 -1.4 2.2

1991-2000 : 12.8 1.8 : : 23.5 99.7 2.4 : 2.5 : 2.5 : : 86.6 : 71.5 0.1 2.1

2001 6.1 4.9 2.5 4.2 11.0 3.1 38.0 2.5 2.8 1.0 2.5 2.2 3.8 20.2 4.7 86.8 52.9 -1.1 2.22002 3.8 2.7 2.3 3.5 8.1 1.8 22.7 1.5 2.6 2.1 2.5 2.4 3.6 3.0 0.9 19.5 37.6 -1.5 1.62003 2.3 1.2 1.5 4.1 5.4 0.8 23.2 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 5.2 8.4 1.7 12.5 23.3 -1.6 1.92004 5.6 3.9 2.1 3.7 5.1 4.9 15.5 0.3 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.0 3.2 5.9 -0.2 8.1 12.4 -1.1 2.72005 6.5 0.1 2.9 3.4 2.6 2.6 12.0 0.7 1.9 2.5 2.0 1.9 3.3 4.3 4.9 14.7 7.1 -1.0 3.12006 6.8 0.7 2.1 4.0 3.7 1.7 10.6 1.8 2.1 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.5 9.0 3.3 12.4 9.4 -0.9 3.02007 11.1 3.5 2.4 4.1 5.4 3.7 15.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.4 4.4 16.0 4.6 8.7 6.2 -0.7 2.72008 8.1 2.1 4.1 5.7 4.8 3.9 16.0 3.3 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.2 4.1 7.6 5.5 9.1 12.0 -1.0 1.92009 4.1 2.6 0.5 2.8 4.2 3.8 4.1 2.4 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.1 2.4 2.4 0.3 7.9 5.4 -0.6 0.82010 1.1 -1.4 3.2 0.8 2.4 1.7 3.5 1.0 0.8 1.5 0.9 0.8 4.5 1.6 2.0 5.7 7.0 -1.9 1.2

2001-2010 5.5 2.0 2.4 3.6 5.2 2.8 15.8 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 3.7 7.7 2.8 16.8 16.5 -1.1 2.1

2011 5.9 0.0 0.6 1.7 2.2 3.2 3.8 1.1 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.2 2.3 1.2 3.7 8.9 8.2 -1.7 2.12012 1.5 1.5 2.4 1.5 3.2 2.3 4.0 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.2 1.0 6.2 7.4 -0.8 1.92013 -0.7 1.4 0.9 0.8 3.0 0.3 3.4 0.9 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.3 0.3 2.1 4.5 5.1 6.3 -0.3 1.82014 0.5 2.5 1.0 0.0 3.6 0.5 1.7 1.7 1.0 1.8 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.4 2.6 7.4 1.7 1.92015 2.4 1.2 0.4 0.0 2.5 0.8 2.6 2.2 1.4 0.6 1.2 1.3 0.6 2.2 2.0 1.8 7.8 2.1 1.02016 2.5 1.3 0.7 -0.1 1.0 0.3 2.5 1.5 0.9 2.1 1.1 1.1 -0.6 5.1 3.5 1.5 8.1 0.3 1.02017 3.9 1.4 1.4 1.1 3.7 1.9 4.7 2.2 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.5 3.8 3.4 3.0 11.0 -0.2 1.92018 4.0 2.5 0.6 1.7 4.5 1.1 5.9 2.2 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.4 0.9 3.2 4.3 2.1 16.4 -0.1 2.42019 4.5 2.6 1.5 1.9 4.2 2.9 7.3 2.4 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 0.8 2.1 2.4 13.6 0.4 1.72020 3.0 2.3 1.8 2.4 3.7 3.1 4.5 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.6 2.2 1.4 1.7 2.4 10.9 0.5 1.8

2011-2020 2.8 1.7 1.1 1.1 3.1 1.6 4.0 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.2 2.1 2.8 3.6 9.7 0.2 1.7

2021 2.6 1.8 1.9 2.5 3.0 3.1 4.4 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.2 1.8 2.3 2.5 9.8 0.8 1.7


58

Prices

25. Price deflator private final consumption expenditure



1961-1970 3.1 2.7 : 5.1 2.4 5.8 4.2 4.1 : : : 2.5 : 4.1 3.5 2.6 : : 4.7 : 3.7

1971-1980 6.8 5.2 : 14.0 13.9 15.0 9.7 15.1 : : : 6.5 : 7.3 6.2 15.5 : : 11.2 : 9.5

1981-1990 4.2 2.6 : 7.1 19.0 9.2 6.3 10.2 : : : 4.8 : 2.2 3.5 16.2 : : 6.3 : 6.3

1991 2.8 2.9 : 2.7 19.7 6.4 2.7 7.3 : : : 3.4 : 3.6 3.2 10.2 105.3 : 4.7 : 4.71992 1.8 4.2 : 3.0 15.7 6.6 2.5 5.4 : : : 4.3 : 3.1 3.4 7.8 204.0 : 3.4 : 4.51993 2.5 4.0 : 2.2 14.1 5.3 1.5 5.5 : : : 4.0 : 2.2 3.0 5.5 31.5 : 3.6 : 4.01994 2.3 2.2 37.0 2.7 11.0 4.9 0.9 5.1 : : : 2.6 : 2.6 2.3 6.8 20.3 : 0.7 : 3.01995 1.5 1.3 24.7 2.8 9.0 4.8 1.0 6.3 -2.8 : : 2.0 : 2.1 2.2 5.1 23.4 9.2 0.3 : 2.81996 0.6 0.7 21.4 3.3 7.8 2.8 1.6 4.1 2.1 13.5 18.2 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.4 2.9 10.9 4.5 1.0 2.0 1.91997 1.4 1.1 9.8 2.8 4.6 2.8 0.8 2.0 1.6 7.7 9.3 1.4 3.7 2.3 1.6 3.0 8.6 4.4 1.9 1.7 1.61998 1.1 0.3 6.5 3.9 4.9 1.6 0.2 1.9 0.7 5.1 5.8 1.4 3.3 1.8 0.3 2.5 7.0 5.7 1.6 1.1 1.01999 0.4 0.6 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.1 -0.5 1.7 1.4 3.0 -1.2 2.2 1.0 1.8 0.1 2.5 6.3 9.8 1.4 1.0 0.92000 3.4 0.9 3.3 4.8 3.2 4.2 2.3 3.1 1.7 2.9 -1.7 2.9 1.2 3.0 2.1 3.7 7.5 8.3 3.0 2.4 2.4

1991-2000 1.8 1.8 : 3.1 9.1 4.1 1.3 4.2 : : : 2.5 : 2.4 1.9 5.0 33.5 : 2.2 : 2.7

2001 2.3 2.1 6.6 4.4 2.8 3.6 2.0 2.6 1.6 2.3 2.4 1.8 2.7 3.2 2.4 3.8 7.6 5.6 2.7 2.5 2.52002 1.0 1.3 3.3 5.1 2.2 2.7 0.8 2.9 1.2 5.6 -0.4 1.4 1.9 3.4 1.0 3.5 7.5 2.9 1.6 1.9 1.92003 1.5 1.5 1.6 3.9 2.5 3.2 1.7 3.1 2.2 5.1 -1.6 2.2 1.1 2.3 1.5 3.6 5.2 6.6 1.0 2.2 2.22004 2.5 1.1 3.7 1.8 3.3 3.5 2.1 2.4 1.6 7.0 -0.2 2.3 3.2 1.3 1.7 2.3 3.0 7.2 0.3 2.0 2.02005 2.9 1.1 3.7 1.6 3.0 3.3 1.8 2.0 3.1 9.8 2.4 3.3 3.0 1.8 2.4 3.8 2.2 2.7 1.1 2.0 1.92006 2.8 1.3 5.5 2.5 3.2 3.5 2.2 2.7 3.6 10.0 4.7 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.1 3.5 2.4 4.9 1.4 2.3 2.32007 2.7 1.9 7.9 3.0 3.6 3.4 2.1 2.2 3.8 11.7 5.9 2.3 1.3 2.0 2.5 3.4 4.1 2.6 1.9 2.4 2.32008 3.2 2.0 8.0 1.6 4.3 3.6 2.8 3.2 4.7 13.4 10.9 3.1 3.7 2.1 2.1 2.8 5.6 4.5 3.4 2.8 2.72009 -0.8 0.1 -1.4 -6.4 0.9 -1.0 -1.5 -0.6 0.3 -3.7 4.3 -0.5 2.0 -1.5 0.3 -1.9 0.9 0.1 1.9 -0.7 -0.72010 1.9 1.7 3.9 -2.1 3.6 2.0 1.1 1.6 2.7 -2.5 1.3 1.2 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.6

2001-2010 2.0 1.4 4.2 1.5 3.0 2.8 1.5 2.2 2.5 5.7 2.9 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.7 4.0 3.8 1.7 1.9 1.9

2011 2.9 1.8 5.2 0.9 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.9 3.0 6.1 4.4 3.0 2.1 2.1 3.2 1.7 1.8 3.9 3.3 2.2 2.22012 2.0 1.4 4.1 1.4 0.4 2.0 1.4 2.6 2.6 3.2 3.1 2.0 2.6 1.3 2.4 1.8 1.7 3.4 2.8 1.8 1.82013 1.1 1.4 3.1 1.3 -1.8 1.0 0.7 1.1 -0.2 0.1 0.9 1.7 1.0 2.1 2.1 0.8 2.1 1.3 2.4 1.1 1.12014 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 -2.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.7 1.7 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.9 2.0 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 1.3 0.5 0.52015 0.9 0.5 -0.4 0.6 -1.7 -0.1 0.3 0.2 -2.0 -1.0 -1.0 0.1 1.7 0.2 1.5 0.9 -0.6 -0.1 0.2 0.3 0.32016 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.3 -0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 -1.5 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.3 0.4 0.42017 2.0 1.5 3.6 1.1 0.6 1.6 0.8 1.2 0.9 3.0 3.5 1.8 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.32018 1.9 1.5 3.7 1.7 0.3 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.7 2.8 2.6 2.1 0.7 2.0 2.1 1.3 2.2 2.3 1.1 1.4 1.42019 1.4 1.2 2.6 2.1 0.5 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.6 3.1 2.0 2.2 1.2 2.5 1.7 0.5 1.6 2.5 1.2 1.2 1.22020 1.6 1.2 2.3 2.0 0.6 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.8 2.5 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.2 2.2 2.4 1.4 1.2 1.2

2011-2020 1.6 1.2 2.5 1.2 -0.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.5 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.1

2021 1.7 1.4 2.4 2.0 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 2.3 1.4 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.4 1.3


59

Prices

25. Price deflator private final consumption expenditure



1961-1970 : : 5.3 : : : : 4.0 : 4.3 : 3.9 : : : : 5.9 5.6 2.4

1971-1980 : : 9.8 : : : : 9.6 : 13.8 : 10.2 : : : : 32.9 8.8 7.0

1981-1990 : : 5.5 : : : : 7.8 : 6.3 : 6.3 : : : : 47.0 1.8 4.4

1991 : 46.6 2.8 : : 67.8 182.9 10.5 : 7.4 : 5.3 : : : : 60.7 2.8 3.31992 77.6 11.9 1.2 : : 44.4 205.5 2.4 : 3.9 : 4.3 : : : : 65.6 1.7 2.71993 68.0 17.7 1.1 : : 31.5 234.5 5.5 : 3.3 : 3.8 : : : : 65.9 1.0 2.51994 81.9 8.2 2.6 : : 37.9 141.9 2.7 : 1.6 : 2.7 : : : : 108.9 0.5 2.11995 48.6 8.3 1.8 : : 27.2 36.7 3.0 : 2.9 : 2.8 : : : : 92.4 -0.4 2.11996 112.9 7.9 1.7 3.7 23.0 18.9 46.4 0.8 2.9 3.4 3.0 2.1 : : 3.5 98.3 67.8 0.0 2.11997 1042.0 8.7 1.9 4.7 17.9 14.4 133.8 1.4 4.1 1.8 3.7 1.6 25.7 : 3.2 21.0 82.1 1.2 1.71998 21.6 8.4 1.5 6.3 13.7 10.5 45.8 0.5 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.1 18.6 : 0.8 33.4 83.0 0.0 0.81999 2.4 2.1 1.9 3.8 9.3 6.3 45.0 1.4 1.5 0.4 1.3 0.8 2.4 : -0.3 31.9 53.2 -0.7 1.52000 4.9 3.5 2.8 5.5 11.3 9.9 37.5 0.9 2.8 0.6 2.4 2.0 1.7 : 8.6 77.9 54.9 -0.9 2.5

1991-2000 : 11.8 1.9 : : 25.7 98.5 2.9 : 2.7 : 2.7 : : : : 72.7 0.5 2.1

2001 5.6 3.5 2.3 4.7 9.6 3.6 34.7 2.1 2.8 0.3 2.3 2.0 2.2 : 7.6 96.5 49.7 -1.1 1.92002 3.4 1.4 1.9 2.3 6.1 3.0 20.3 1.7 2.1 0.6 1.8 1.6 3.5 : 0.3 12.4 38.7 -1.4 1.32003 0.7 0.1 1.2 2.3 4.5 0.5 16.0 1.9 2.2 1.3 2.0 2.0 0.9 : 2.5 9.8 23.4 -1.0 1.92004 3.4 3.1 1.2 2.1 5.5 4.6 12.8 0.5 2.2 1.6 2.1 1.9 0.9 : -1.2 11.1 10.9 -0.6 2.52005 6.8 1.1 1.7 3.3 3.6 2.2 6.8 0.9 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 : 1.5 17.7 8.3 -0.4 2.82006 2.2 1.8 2.2 3.4 3.3 1.5 4.8 0.7 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 : 3.2 8.3 9.8 0.0 2.72007 8.9 2.9 1.7 2.9 6.7 2.2 6.9 1.4 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.3 3.4 4.1 1.3 6.6 6.6 -0.4 2.52008 6.3 4.7 2.9 5.6 5.8 4.1 10.7 3.0 3.1 3.7 3.2 2.9 3.3 5.9 7.9 10.2 10.8 0.7 3.02009 0.8 0.9 1.3 3.3 4.2 2.7 3.8 2.1 -0.3 0.7 -0.1 -0.3 2.3 2.6 0.9 8.4 5.0 -2.2 -0.12010 2.4 0.5 2.5 1.5 3.8 2.5 5.9 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 3.0 2.2 0.0 7.6 6.6 -1.4 1.7

2001-2010 4.0 2.0 1.9 3.1 5.3 2.7 11.9 1.5 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.8 2.4 : 2.3 16.8 16.1 -0.8 2.0

2011 3.4 1.7 2.3 2.4 3.9 4.9 3.8 1.4 2.3 3.7 2.6 2.4 3.3 3.7 9.7 9.7 7.3 -0.6 2.52012 3.5 2.2 2.4 3.2 6.3 3.3 4.5 0.5 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.9 -0.7 7.3 7.7 -0.6 1.92013 -2.6 0.8 0.8 1.9 2.0 0.4 2.6 0.6 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.2 2.1 1.9 2.5 6.2 6.1 -0.1 1.32014 0.0 0.6 0.6 -0.5 1.1 -0.1 1.1 0.9 0.5 1.5 0.7 0.7 1.5 -1.0 0.1 1.8 7.7 2.0 1.52015 1.6 0.1 0.4 -0.5 -0.1 -1.1 1.0 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 1.5 2.0 0.0 1.9 7.8 0.4 0.22016 0.4 0.5 0.5 -1.2 0.2 -0.4 0.7 0.9 0.4 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 -0.4 -0.4 2.0 6.6 -0.5 1.02017 3.2 2.4 1.2 1.0 2.7 2.0 2.7 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.4 3.0 10.8 0.2 1.82018 2.0 2.5 0.9 1.2 3.1 1.5 3.7 2.2 1.5 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.2 14.9 0.5 2.12019 2.2 2.5 0.9 1.0 3.4 2.3 5.8 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 0.5 0.7 1.9 15.3 0.3 1.52020 2.3 2.6 1.6 1.3 3.1 2.7 4.0 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.9 10.3 0.4 1.9

2011-2020 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.0 2.5 1.5 3.0 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.6 3.7 9.4 0.2 1.6

2021 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.5 3.0 2.6 3.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.9 9.0 0.6 1.8


60

Prices

26. Price deflator exports of goods and services



1961-1970 2.4 1.7 : 1.9 1.0 6.6 2.1 1.1 : : : 2.0 : 1.3 2.3 1.5 : : 4.8 : 2.0

1971-1980 6.9 5.0 : 14.3 14.9 13.2 8.8 16.1 : : : 5.9 : 6.9 4.9 16.1 : : 11.6 : 8.4

1981-1990 3.9 2.0 : 4.4 15.6 7.9 4.5 7.8 : : : 4.1 : 0.4 2.2 13.1 : : 4.0 : 4.0

1991 -0.6 1.4 : -0.3 14.0 1.5 -0.8 4.5 : : : 1.2 : 0.3 0.9 1.1 104.7 : -0.4 : 1.21992 -1.1 1.0 : -2.0 10.1 2.9 -2.2 1.2 : : : 1.8 : -1.9 -0.1 -1.9 187.9 : 6.2 : 0.11993 -1.3 0.1 : 6.8 9.1 5.0 -1.9 11.0 : : : 5.7 : -2.5 0.4 1.7 30.4 0.0 6.4 : 1.71994 1.3 0.6 43.0 0.2 8.6 4.6 -0.5 4.0 : : : 3.1 : 0.6 1.5 4.7 17.3 10.7 1.4 : 1.41995 1.6 1.2 24.3 1.9 8.7 5.9 -0.9 8.8 -7.4 : : 1.5 : 0.7 1.7 3.7 9.1 8.4 4.9 : 2.51996 -1.3 -0.4 16.6 -0.5 5.4 1.9 0.5 0.2 2.7 13.7 12.2 6.2 4.2 0.7 0.9 -0.6 13.4 4.3 -0.5 0.4 0.21997 1.1 0.9 13.8 1.1 2.7 3.4 1.1 1.3 3.4 0.4 4.4 2.5 -0.9 2.7 0.7 3.4 5.2 6.1 -1.0 1.5 1.41998 -1.3 -0.7 3.1 3.2 5.0 0.7 -1.6 1.2 1.5 5.2 -6.9 0.5 -2.3 -1.6 -0.1 1.3 2.8 -5.2 -1.0 -0.4 -0.41999 -0.1 -0.9 0.1 2.2 1.4 0.1 -1.6 0.5 2.2 -0.6 -0.3 6.0 -0.5 -1.5 0.1 0.5 2.2 -1.1 -5.0 -0.6 -0.62000 5.8 3.0 8.2 5.3 6.4 6.7 2.5 4.1 4.6 0.5 9.6 8.8 9.4 5.7 1.7 5.4 10.5 17.4 3.5 4.2 4.1

1991-2000 0.4 0.6 : 1.8 7.1 3.2 -0.6 3.6 : : : 3.7 : 0.3 0.8 1.9 29.8 : 1.4 : 1.2

2001 1.4 0.6 5.8 -0.4 3.4 1.5 -0.2 2.5 3.2 3.1 -2.2 -3.4 -2.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 8.0 4.9 -1.5 0.8 0.72002 -1.2 -0.6 3.0 -0.6 2.3 0.5 -1.4 1.4 -1.4 3.0 -4.2 -0.9 2.4 -1.8 0.1 0.3 4.5 0.9 -2.8 -0.6 -0.62003 -1.3 -0.6 0.1 -2.7 1.7 -0.3 -1.7 -0.1 3.1 8.0 -2.0 -0.7 2.1 -1.0 0.0 -1.3 2.8 1.5 -1.5 -0.8 -0.92004 2.1 -0.2 1.9 0.3 2.0 1.8 0.5 1.1 3.0 10.0 7.7 6.1 0.0 0.8 1.1 1.8 3.0 1.8 -0.5 0.8 0.82005 3.7 1.0 3.6 2.1 2.4 4.1 1.8 2.1 1.6 10.1 8.6 7.6 2.6 3.1 2.0 1.7 2.8 1.6 1.2 2.2 2.22006 2.6 1.0 5.6 1.7 3.3 4.4 2.0 2.1 1.2 8.3 5.1 8.5 5.3 2.9 2.5 4.5 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.22007 2.2 0.6 6.2 0.1 2.7 2.5 1.9 2.4 3.5 11.7 5.8 5.6 1.2 1.4 1.9 1.9 2.5 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.62008 3.9 1.0 6.5 3.1 4.3 2.7 3.2 2.8 2.7 8.3 12.5 -0.5 2.2 4.4 2.6 2.7 1.4 1.3 -0.2 2.5 2.52009 -5.5 -2.5 -2.2 -4.0 -2.1 -2.7 -3.7 -2.3 0.2 -4.4 -14.1 -3.8 0.1 -5.8 -2.8 -4.9 -1.1 -5.2 -5.9 -3.6 -3.52010 4.6 2.3 3.5 2.8 5.7 3.5 2.3 2.3 1.3 5.8 10.6 4.7 4.3 4.6 3.0 3.3 2.2 2.9 3.8 3.1 3.0

2001-2010 1.2 0.3 3.4 0.2 2.5 1.8 0.4 1.4 1.8 6.3 2.5 2.2 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 2.9 1.2 -0.5 0.8 0.8

2011 5.3 2.6 5.1 -0.6 5.8 4.3 2.9 4.0 1.3 8.8 11.2 5.3 6.8 4.7 4.1 5.1 4.2 3.9 4.5 3.6 3.52012 2.8 1.8 2.0 4.1 2.5 2.3 1.4 2.0 2.1 4.1 3.3 4.2 1.0 2.4 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 2.1 2.12013 0.0 -0.6 0.7 -1.1 -1.5 -0.7 -0.2 -0.2 1.5 1.3 -1.7 2.4 0.4 -0.8 0.0 -0.9 -0.7 -1.8 -1.0 -0.5 -0.42014 -1.9 -0.2 0.0 0.5 -2.1 -1.7 -0.7 0.0 -1.9 -1.0 -2.3 2.7 1.4 -1.9 -0.1 -1.2 -0.1 -3.3 -0.9 -0.7 -0.72015 -2.8 0.8 -1.2 7.4 -6.2 0.5 0.8 -0.4 -0.9 -0.4 -5.1 3.8 1.5 -1.9 -0.3 -1.3 -0.1 -1.4 -1.5 0.3 0.32016 -1.1 -0.8 0.1 -1.7 -3.4 -1.2 -1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -1.8 -2.5 -1.1 1.2 -2.8 -0.5 -1.6 -1.4 -1.5 -2.4 -1.3 -1.32017 2.2 1.7 3.8 0.3 5.0 2.6 0.8 1.6 0.8 3.3 4.2 5.0 2.8 2.6 1.7 3.0 2.5 2.2 3.3 1.9 1.82018 2.1 0.9 2.4 -0.2 3.3 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.0 3.3 3.5 2.3 2.8 2.2 1.5 2.1 2.5 1.8 4.0 1.4 1.32019 1.0 0.6 0.7 -0.1 2.3 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.5 0.9 3.0 2.1 2.5 1.1 1.0 1.6 0.7 2.2 1.4 0.9 0.82020 1.3 0.3 1.2 0.5 1.9 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 2.9 2.1 2.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 2.0 1.2 0.9 0.8

2011-2020 0.9 0.7 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.6 1.9 1.5 2.9 2.3 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.8

2021 1.4 0.4 1.4 0.5 2.1 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.1 1.0 0.9


61

Prices

26. Price deflator exports of goods and services



1961-1970 : : 3.1 : : : : 1.9 : 3.6 : 2.3 : : : : 4.8 0.6 2.2

1971-1980 : : 9.0 : : : : 10.0 : 13.7 : 9.3 : : : : 36.2 5.4 8.9

1981-1990 : : 3.7 : : : : 5.6 : 4.6 : 4.1 : : : : 45.2 -2.2 1.4

1991 : 55.8 1.4 : : 20.6 231.7 2.0 : 2.1 : 1.3 : : : : 61.0 -3.3 1.11992 : 6.9 1.4 : 10.1 29.2 314.8 -2.8 : 1.0 : 0.1 : : : : 62.5 -2.9 -0.51993 : 6.1 -1.7 : 12.9 27.2 148.8 8.7 : 9.4 : 3.0 : : : : 59.9 -7.1 0.11994 : 4.8 -0.4 : 18.6 31.7 125.8 3.7 : 1.6 : 1.5 : : : : 164.8 -3.4 1.21995 : 6.4 0.9 : 33.9 19.6 37.3 7.1 : 3.5 : 2.7 : : : : 73.0 -2.3 2.21996 97.9 6.0 1.5 4.7 19.5 8.2 45.6 -4.6 1.0 2.0 1.2 0.3 : : 2.0 91.2 69.0 3.4 -1.31997 730.6 5.7 2.7 8.9 15.6 14.0 114.7 -0.2 4.0 -4.8 2.9 0.5 6.4 : 7.9 3.4 87.0 1.8 -1.81998 42.3 4.2 -2.1 4.0 13.1 13.1 20.4 -1.3 0.1 -3.7 -0.4 -0.9 -2.4 : 6.7 37.5 60.1 1.1 -2.41999 17.2 1.0 -0.5 4.6 4.8 5.8 60.8 -1.7 -0.1 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -2.2 : 2.7 15.0 51.5 -8.7 -0.82000 14.9 3.8 8.2 9.6 10.0 1.3 45.9 2.3 4.4 1.8 4.0 3.8 -2.8 : 8.9 32.6 42.1 -4.0 1.9

1991-2000 : 9.2 1.1 : : 16.7 98.2 1.2 : 1.3 : 1.2 : : : : 70.6 -2.6 0.0

2001 4.8 0.3 1.6 3.7 3.0 1.3 30.1 2.5 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.9 3.3 : 4.8 205.5 87.9 2.5 -0.82002 -2.6 -4.8 -1.1 1.3 -4.1 4.7 20.1 -1.9 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7 2.7 : -3.0 3.5 25.1 -1.4 -0.82003 3.3 0.1 -1.1 2.3 0.1 6.2 17.3 -2.5 -0.6 2.1 -0.2 -0.5 -1.1 : 8.9 5.6 10.9 -3.7 1.52004 7.5 2.7 2.0 3.4 -1.0 7.9 18.8 -0.4 1.1 0.0 0.9 0.7 -2.1 : -1.0 16.5 13.0 -1.4 3.62005 8.6 -2.2 5.5 2.5 -0.5 -2.4 2.3 2.6 2.1 3.1 2.2 2.4 -9.1 : 5.6 14.7 -0.2 1.4 3.52006 17.0 -1.3 2.8 4.2 6.4 2.3 7.9 3.4 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.3 1.7 : 5.1 15.9 13.3 3.2 3.22007 10.3 0.3 1.2 4.1 -3.9 2.7 2.5 2.0 1.6 -0.1 1.4 1.4 4.1 1.1 14.2 3.3 1.9 2.3 3.82008 12.2 -4.3 5.0 5.6 1.0 -0.7 18.0 4.1 2.5 8.3 3.2 3.3 5.1 4.3 14.4 6.7 17.1 -3.9 4.72009 -8.5 0.5 -8.4 -0.6 2.2 11.4 3.7 1.3 -2.8 3.2 -2.1 -2.7 0.8 -4.0 -11.9 9.9 3.2 -11.8 -6.02010 9.4 -1.1 9.5 2.1 1.9 0.3 7.2 -0.6 3.0 4.9 3.2 3.3 0.8 4.8 3.4 11.6 3.4 -1.7 4.1

2001-2010 6.0 -1.0 1.6 2.8 0.5 3.3 12.4 1.0 1.0 2.4 1.1 1.0 0.5 : 3.8 21.5 15.5 -1.5 1.6

2011 12.9 0.7 1.3 6.2 3.6 6.8 7.9 -0.9 3.5 4.9 3.6 3.4 2.8 4.2 8.2 7.6 15.4 -2.3 6.32012 2.5 3.1 3.0 2.4 3.1 3.8 6.1 -1.2 2.1 0.2 1.9 1.7 1.1 0.8 -5.0 11.4 4.2 -1.8 0.82013 -2.9 1.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -5.1 -2.4 -0.5 2.8 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 1.4 -3.1 1.9 7.3 10.4 0.22014 -0.7 4.0 -0.8 -0.2 1.0 0.0 0.6 2.0 -0.4 -1.6 -0.5 -0.7 -0.3 0.6 -0.9 2.2 11.5 3.0 0.12015 -1.2 -1.3 0.7 -0.4 -0.3 1.1 1.6 2.1 0.3 -3.8 -0.1 -0.1 -1.6 4.9 -0.1 1.9 7.7 0.8 -4.92016 -1.9 -2.4 -4.0 -0.8 -1.5 0.2 -7.1 -1.3 -1.4 4.2 -0.8 -0.6 -2.0 -1.5 1.4 0.6 6.9 -8.5 -2.02017 6.8 -0.6 1.9 2.5 1.2 1.6 4.9 3.1 1.9 4.5 2.2 2.2 1.6 8.0 4.8 1.0 20.1 4.1 2.62018 3.2 -0.6 1.6 1.8 2.6 1.6 4.8 4.5 1.5 3.0 1.7 1.6 2.3 6.0 1.2 -1.1 32.4 1.1 3.42019 2.4 1.2 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.3 4.3 3.9 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 5.2 2.6 1.3 20.6 0.9 0.42020 2.5 0.2 1.8 2.5 1.8 2.3 3.5 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.7 3.0 1.3 1.8 11.0 1.1 1.4

2011-2020 2.3 0.6 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.9 2.1 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.0 0.9 0.6 3.2 1.0 2.8 13.4 0.8 0.8

2021 2.7 0.2 1.5 2.6 1.5 2.0 3.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.0 2.0 2.2 1.3 1.8 9.6 2.1 1.3


62

Prices

27. Price deflator imports of goods and services



1961-1970 2.3 0.0 : 2.0 0.8 3.0 2.1 1.0 : : : 1.8 : 0.8 2.2 0.4 : : 4.5 : 1.3

1971-1980 7.6 6.2 : 15.7 16.8 14.8 10.3 19.2 : : : 7.2 : 7.7 5.7 17.9 : : 13.3 : 10.1

1981-1990 3.5 1.0 : 4.1 14.7 5.0 4.0 5.6 : : : 4.5 : 0.4 2.2 11.3 : : 3.0 : 3.2

1991 -0.7 2.8 : 2.4 12.3 -1.5 0.1 0.5 : : : 2.5 : 0.1 1.0 -0.3 116.2 : 3.3 : 1.11992 -2.8 -2.1 : -1.2 12.3 1.2 -2.8 2.2 : : : 2.7 : -1.4 0.6 -5.3 186.1 : 7.7 : -0.81993 -2.8 -1.6 : 4.5 7.4 6.1 -3.4 15.8 : : : 3.2 : -2.4 0.8 0.4 23.1 2.1 8.2 : 1.41994 1.8 -0.2 43.6 2.4 5.6 5.8 0.1 5.2 : : : 2.1 : 0.3 1.2 3.0 14.4 12.3 -0.5 : 1.51995 1.7 -0.2 19.6 3.8 7.5 4.4 0.1 11.9 -2.3 : : 1.3 : 0.3 1.3 1.6 6.6 7.3 0.1 : 2.31996 -0.5 -0.1 16.8 -0.5 3.0 0.1 1.5 -2.3 2.5 14.4 3.6 3.6 4.7 0.8 2.4 1.6 11.6 9.5 0.3 0.4 0.21997 1.5 2.5 8.0 0.8 2.0 3.3 1.2 0.9 3.8 8.7 0.4 6.1 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.7 4.8 3.7 0.5 1.9 1.81998 -1.8 -2.7 1.8 2.3 4.1 -2.2 -2.9 -1.6 0.5 0.5 -4.2 2.8 1.1 -2.8 0.3 -1.4 1.8 -1.7 -2.8 -2.0 -2.01999 0.9 -1.5 0.4 2.4 1.0 0.4 -1.8 0.6 1.3 -3.9 -4.1 3.2 -2.6 -0.8 0.6 -0.6 1.9 0.6 -2.0 -0.5 -0.52000 7.6 7.4 5.4 5.5 8.4 10.6 5.3 10.1 4.6 6.4 4.1 10.8 8.7 5.7 2.7 8.4 14.0 13.2 7.4 7.3 7.3

1991-2000 0.4 0.4 : 2.2 6.3 2.8 -0.3 4.2 : : : 3.8 : 0.1 1.3 1.0 29.1 : 2.1 : 1.2

2001 1.3 0.6 1.3 -1.7 2.6 -0.2 -0.5 0.9 1.2 1.7 -1.8 -3.0 -1.2 -0.8 0.3 0.4 6.2 6.1 -2.9 0.2 0.12002 -1.8 -2.6 -0.9 -2.7 0.8 -2.3 -3.1 -0.1 1.1 5.7 -4.5 -1.5 1.8 -2.6 -0.6 -1.5 2.5 1.1 -2.7 -2.0 -2.12003 -1.0 -2.4 -1.6 -1.7 -0.1 -1.6 -1.6 -1.0 -0.2 5.9 -2.0 -1.8 0.5 -1.0 -0.8 -1.6 2.1 1.8 0.0 -1.5 -1.52004 2.9 -0.3 1.1 6.0 2.1 2.2 1.5 2.1 1.8 7.3 -0.8 6.3 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.1 4.2 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.52005 4.4 2.8 1.7 0.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 4.9 4.4 11.1 7.5 7.9 2.1 2.7 2.8 2.8 5.0 1.6 4.7 3.3 3.32006 3.3 2.8 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.9 3.6 5.2 2.4 9.0 8.2 6.2 4.9 2.7 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.6 5.6 3.6 3.52007 2.0 0.1 4.1 -0.4 2.2 1.6 0.7 1.2 2.8 6.7 4.9 6.8 0.5 1.7 2.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.12008 6.6 2.8 6.3 2.0 5.5 4.4 3.8 5.4 4.1 10.2 8.6 -1.8 2.7 4.6 3.9 5.1 2.7 3.0 1.7 4.0 3.92009 -8.3 -6.7 -2.6 -2.7 -1.4 -7.0 -6.1 -7.6 -0.2 -4.6 -10.7 -5.3 0.2 -6.6 -4.6 -9.3 -4.4 -4.1 -7.1 -6.4 -6.52010 6.4 4.7 5.6 6.3 5.3 6.5 3.7 6.6 1.9 5.7 9.9 4.0 3.2 6.4 4.7 4.7 6.5 3.7 6.0 5.3 5.3

2001-2010 1.5 0.1 1.8 0.8 2.3 1.0 0.5 1.7 1.9 5.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 0.8 1.3 0.7 2.9 2.0 0.7 0.9 0.8

2011 6.8 5.3 4.7 -2.5 6.4 8.2 5.4 6.8 2.2 5.6 12.1 4.7 6.8 6.3 6.0 7.1 5.7 5.4 6.1 5.8 5.72012 2.8 2.0 2.5 6.0 4.2 3.4 1.7 3.4 1.7 7.1 4.2 4.2 1.4 2.4 1.9 1.0 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.52013 -0.3 -1.6 -0.2 -1.0 -3.1 -2.0 -1.4 -1.9 1.3 0.7 -1.4 2.4 0.1 -1.2 -0.1 -2.6 -1.5 -1.4 -1.7 -1.3 -1.42014 -2.2 -1.5 -1.5 2.5 -3.7 -0.9 -1.9 -2.5 -2.0 -0.2 -3.1 1.9 0.6 -1.8 -1.1 -2.1 -1.1 -3.4 -1.6 -1.5 -1.52015 -3.8 -1.5 -1.6 2.6 -10.5 0.0 -2.3 -2.7 -1.6 -1.0 -7.5 5.0 1.5 -3.0 -1.8 -4.3 -1.4 -1.1 -4.0 -1.9 -1.92016 -1.7 -2.5 -0.8 -1.4 -3.0 -1.6 -2.2 -3.9 -1.0 -4.7 -4.1 -1.6 1.1 -3.4 -1.3 -3.2 -2.2 -1.1 -2.4 -2.4 -2.42017 2.8 2.6 2.8 1.7 5.4 3.4 2.1 3.2 0.1 2.9 3.9 5.7 2.0 2.8 3.0 3.8 3.0 2.8 3.8 2.8 2.82018 3.2 1.8 2.0 1.2 5.3 2.7 2.0 2.6 1.5 1.4 4.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.4 3.4 2.3 2.32019 0.8 0.0 0.6 1.0 2.1 1.2 0.5 0.8 1.4 0.6 1.9 2.2 2.7 1.2 1.2 1.5 0.2 2.7 1.8 0.8 0.72020 1.0 -0.7 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 2.2 1.3 0.6 0.5

2011-2020 0.9 0.4 0.9 1.1 0.3 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.3 1.1 2.9 2.1 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7

2021 1.1 0.2 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 2.2 1.3 0.9 0.9


63

Prices

27. Price deflator imports of goods and services



1961-1970 : : 1.8 : : : : 2.3 : 3.4 : 1.7 : : : : 4.7 1.0 1.7

1971-1980 : : 9.8 : : : : 12.0 : 14.0 : 10.8 : : : : 36.8 11.4 13.7

1981-1990 : : 3.1 : : : : 5.5 : 4.5 : 3.5 : : : : 45.9 -4.1 0.9

1991 : 79.8 2.0 : : 31.7 209.7 0.8 : 0.8 : 1.1 : : : : 60.2 -5.1 -0.81992 : 3.7 -0.9 : 10.0 21.7 353.9 -2.5 : 0.2 : -0.8 : : : : 63.1 -4.7 0.11993 : 0.8 -1.4 : 9.7 18.7 146.1 15.0 : 8.9 : 2.9 : : : : 48.9 -8.4 -0.81994 : -0.4 0.6 : 15.6 27.0 142.1 3.0 : 3.1 : 1.8 : : : : 163.3 -4.7 0.91995 : 6.4 0.8 : 32.7 18.0 37.6 4.7 : 6.0 : 2.9 : : : : 85.0 -1.8 2.71996 183.0 1.8 0.2 3.6 20.4 11.0 53.6 -3.8 1.3 0.4 1.1 0.1 : : 2.6 159.2 80.4 8.4 -1.71997 763.9 5.2 2.6 4.9 13.4 15.7 106.7 0.4 4.2 -5.5 2.9 0.7 14.9 : 10.1 14.4 74.1 6.2 -3.51998 35.3 -1.1 -1.8 1.4 12.0 10.8 14.6 -1.0 -1.3 -3.6 -1.7 -2.2 1.6 : 7.7 58.0 62.5 -2.8 -5.41999 9.5 1.7 -0.2 6.8 5.4 7.1 58.1 1.2 0.1 -0.6 0.0 -0.5 -6.9 : -0.4 13.1 47.7 -8.4 0.62000 9.1 7.0 7.5 9.7 12.3 7.9 37.4 4.1 7.4 2.4 6.7 6.4 -4.2 : 8.6 36.9 56.4 1.6 4.4

1991-2000 : 8.7 0.9 : : 16.7 97.7 2.1 : 1.1 : 1.2 : : : : 71.8 -2.1 -0.4

2001 4.2 -2.5 1.7 2.8 2.4 1.3 30.2 4.0 0.5 -0.4 0.4 0.2 1.7 : 0.6 204.9 91.7 2.3 -2.62002 -2.6 -8.1 -2.2 -0.5 -5.2 5.4 16.7 0.1 -1.8 -2.8 -2.0 -2.1 4.0 : 1.0 2.2 21.9 -1.0 -1.32003 0.1 0.0 -1.9 0.0 0.4 6.7 14.5 -2.1 -1.1 0.9 -0.8 -1.2 2.5 : 6.0 2.7 7.4 -0.6 3.02004 4.1 1.5 1.1 0.7 -0.9 4.6 11.4 0.7 1.6 -0.5 1.3 1.1 -2.3 : -0.5 16.3 10.5 3.0 4.82005 9.5 0.0 3.6 2.2 1.3 -3.6 -2.3 4.6 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 0.2 : 1.9 15.7 0.2 8.3 5.92006 10.2 0.7 3.5 2.8 7.8 2.4 0.0 3.3 3.5 2.3 3.4 3.3 2.3 : 6.5 4.5 18.5 11.0 3.82007 7.3 -0.8 1.7 2.9 -4.3 1.1 -7.6 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 3.8 -4.6 9.6 -3.0 0.2 6.6 3.52008 11.0 -3.1 3.1 4.3 1.9 0.8 14.7 4.4 3.8 11.9 4.8 5.0 2.5 6.4 16.7 8.9 20.7 5.8 10.02009 -10.5 -1.5 -8.6 -1.7 1.4 8.0 3.3 0.3 -5.4 1.3 -4.6 -5.3 2.4 -6.3 -9.4 6.1 1.1 -21.4 -11.12010 8.4 0.9 6.9 1.4 1.9 1.8 5.8 -0.2 4.9 3.6 4.7 5.0 6.2 3.8 2.1 19.5 5.9 4.3 5.5

2001-2010 3.9 -1.3 0.8 1.5 0.6 2.8 8.2 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.1 1.0 2.3 : 3.2 19.7 15.6 1.4 2.0

2011 8.7 2.3 3.3 5.9 5.0 8.5 6.1 -0.2 5.5 6.5 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.7 11.8 6.8 24.4 5.8 7.62012 4.9 3.7 2.4 3.0 4.1 5.1 7.4 -1.2 2.6 -0.2 2.3 2.0 0.5 2.5 -6.0 15.0 5.1 -0.6 0.22013 -2.4 0.5 -0.4 0.2 -0.5 -1.1 -6.0 -2.6 -1.4 0.9 -1.1 -1.1 0.6 -1.6 -3.2 -1.6 4.9 11.5 -1.42014 -1.9 2.5 -2.4 -0.6 0.3 -1.9 -0.9 1.8 -1.3 -3.5 -1.6 -1.7 -0.4 -1.1 -2.8 0.2 11.6 3.5 -0.82015 -2.6 -1.7 0.3 -0.9 -1.0 -1.3 -1.2 1.4 -1.7 -5.2 -2.1 -2.1 -0.1 2.2 -3.5 3.9 5.6 -7.5 -8.12016 -5.1 -3.4 -4.7 -2.2 -2.2 -0.3 -6.8 -1.6 -2.5 3.2 -1.7 -1.6 -1.2 -2.3 -3.4 0.5 2.9 -13.2 -3.62017 6.7 0.4 1.4 2.3 1.8 1.4 4.8 4.0 2.7 5.4 3.0 3.2 -0.9 2.5 2.8 1.2 27.3 8.6 2.22018 1.9 -0.6 3.2 1.1 3.8 2.8 3.8 6.0 2.4 3.2 2.5 2.5 -1.4 2.7 3.5 -0.9 35.8 5.2 2.92019 -0.5 1.3 2.3 1.7 2.1 1.4 3.4 3.7 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.8 -0.2 3.2 2.5 1.4 30.3 1.0 -0.52020 1.8 0.0 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 3.1 2.1 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 2.2 1.4 1.8 11.7 1.1 1.3

2011-2020 1.1 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.3 1.7 0.2 2.7 15.4 1.3 -0.1

2021 2.2 0.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 3.0 1.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.8 10.2 2.1 1.3


64

Prices

28. Terms of trade goods and services (National accounts)

(2015 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI 1)

1960 106.0 81.5 : 120.0 91.6 56.7 109.0 111.1 : : : 109.6 : 99.4 114.5 76.1 : : 123.1

1965 104.5 83.9 : 123.6 94.3 61.1 110.7 113.3 : : : 100.8 : 103.4 118.7 79.6 : : 132.0

1970 106.7 96.4 : 118.4 93.8 79.8 108.8 111.9 : : : 112.3 : 104.7 115.3 84.6 : : 126.5

1975 103.8 93.3 : 111.8 82.6 74.2 102.0 90.9 : : : 102.6 : 101.2 113.6 76.9 : : 126.7

1980 99.5 86.2 : 104.6 79.7 69.6 95.0 86.0 : : : 98.9 : 97.6 107.0 72.0 : : 109.2

1985 96.2 82.7 : 108.9 78.2 64.1 91.3 88.7 : : : 96.8 : 99.5 105.3 69.7 : : 109.5

1990 103.3 94.7 : 107.9 86.0 91.5 100.1 105.4 : : : 95.4 : 97.3 107.0 84.5 94.5 : 119.7

1991 103.4 93.4 : 105.1 87.2 94.3 99.1 109.6 : : : 94.3 : 97.5 106.8 85.7 89.4 : 115.41992 105.2 96.3 : 104.3 85.6 95.8 99.7 108.6 : : : 93.4 : 97.0 106.1 88.8 90.0 119.6 113.71993 106.8 98.0 73.8 106.6 87.0 94.8 101.2 104.0 : : : 95.6 : 96.9 105.7 89.9 95.3 117.2 111.91994 106.3 98.8 73.4 104.3 89.4 93.7 100.6 102.9 104.2 : : 96.6 : 97.2 106.0 91.4 97.8 115.5 114.01995 106.2 100.2 76.3 102.4 90.4 95.0 99.5 100.0 98.8 101.1 76.3 96.9 100.4 97.7 106.4 93.3 100.1 116.8 119.51996 105.4 99.8 76.1 102.4 92.5 96.7 98.5 102.5 99.0 100.5 82.6 99.4 100.0 97.6 104.8 91.3 101.7 111.2 118.51997 105.1 98.2 80.2 102.8 93.1 96.8 98.4 103.0 98.6 92.8 86.0 96.1 98.0 98.8 103.7 91.9 102.1 113.8 116.81998 105.7 100.2 81.2 103.7 93.9 99.7 99.7 105.9 99.7 97.1 83.5 93.9 94.7 100.0 103.3 94.5 103.0 109.8 118.91999 104.7 100.9 81.0 103.5 94.2 99.4 100.0 105.8 100.5 100.5 86.8 96.4 96.7 99.3 102.8 95.5 103.3 108.0 115.42000 102.9 96.8 83.2 103.4 92.5 95.9 97.3 100.0 100.6 94.9 91.4 94.7 97.3 99.2 101.7 92.8 100.1 111.9 111.2

2001 102.9 96.8 86.9 104.7 93.3 97.6 97.6 101.6 102.5 96.2 91.1 94.3 96.1 100.7 102.0 92.9 101.8 110.7 112.82002 103.6 98.7 90.4 106.9 94.6 100.4 99.3 103.1 100.0 93.7 91.4 94.9 96.8 101.5 102.7 94.6 103.7 110.4 112.62003 103.3 100.5 91.9 105.8 96.3 101.7 99.3 104.0 103.3 95.6 91.4 95.9 98.3 101.5 103.5 94.9 104.4 110.1 110.82004 102.5 100.7 92.6 100.1 96.2 101.4 98.4 103.0 104.4 98.0 99.2 95.7 97.2 101.1 103.0 94.5 103.2 109.8 108.42005 101.7 98.9 94.4 101.8 95.3 102.3 97.1 100.3 101.6 97.1 100.3 95.4 97.8 101.4 102.1 93.5 101.0 109.8 104.72006 101.0 97.3 96.6 100.8 95.3 102.8 95.6 97.3 100.4 96.5 97.4 97.4 98.2 101.5 101.0 94.1 100.4 108.3 101.42007 101.2 97.7 98.6 101.3 95.7 103.7 96.7 98.5 101.2 101.1 98.3 96.3 98.8 101.2 100.6 94.5 101.3 107.0 101.32008 98.5 96.1 98.7 102.4 94.6 102.0 96.1 96.1 99.8 99.3 101.9 97.6 98.3 101.0 99.3 92.3 100.0 105.3 99.42009 101.5 100.4 99.1 100.9 94.0 106.7 98.6 101.6 100.2 99.5 98.0 99.1 98.2 101.9 101.2 96.8 103.5 104.1 100.62010 99.7 98.2 97.2 97.5 94.3 103.7 97.2 97.6 99.6 99.6 98.6 99.8 99.3 100.1 99.6 95.5 99.4 103.3 98.6

2011 98.3 95.6 97.6 99.4 93.8 100.0 94.9 95.1 98.7 102.6 97.8 100.3 99.2 98.6 97.8 93.7 98.0 101.9 97.02012 98.3 95.5 97.1 97.7 92.4 98.9 94.6 93.7 99.0 99.7 96.9 100.3 98.9 98.6 97.3 94.3 97.0 100.7 96.02013 98.7 96.5 98.0 97.6 93.9 100.3 95.7 95.3 99.2 100.3 96.7 100.3 99.2 99.0 97.5 96.0 97.8 100.2 96.72014 99.0 97.7 99.5 95.6 95.4 99.5 96.9 97.7 99.3 99.4 97.5 101.1 100.0 98.9 98.4 96.9 98.7 100.3 97.42015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 100.6 101.7 100.9 99.7 99.6 100.4 101.0 103.3 100.3 103.0 101.7 100.5 100.1 100.6 100.8 101.6 100.8 99.6 100.02017 100.0 100.8 101.9 98.3 99.2 99.6 99.7 101.7 101.1 103.5 102.0 99.9 100.9 100.4 99.6 100.8 100.4 99.1 99.42018 98.9 99.9 102.2 97.0 97.3 98.0 98.4 101.0 100.6 105.3 101.0 100.1 101.2 100.1 98.9 100.5 100.3 98.5 99.92019 99.1 100.6 102.4 96.0 97.4 97.9 98.8 100.9 100.7 105.7 102.1 100.0 101.0 100.0 98.8 100.7 100.7 98.1 99.52020 99.4 101.6 102.8 95.5 97.6 97.8 98.8 101.1 100.7 105.9 103.3 99.9 100.8 100.0 98.7 100.7 100.8 97.9 99.4

2021 99.7 101.8 103.0 95.1 98.2 97.8 98.9 101.0 100.9 105.9 104.2 99.9 100.7 100.0 98.5 100.6 100.7 97.7 99.2

1) 1961-91 D_W

65

Prices

28. Terms of trade goods and services (National accounts)

(2015 = 100)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK AL ME MK RS TR JP US

1960 : : 79.6 : : : : 138.7 90.4 : : : : 123.1 215.0 133.8

1965 : : 83.5 : : : : 131.5 91.5 : : : : 127.7 214.4 135.5

1970 : : 90.4 : : : : 133.7 92.6 : : : : 123.6 206.8 140.2

1975 : : 87.4 : : : : 128.6 80.6 : : : : 89.8 162.1 113.0

1980 : : 83.9 : : : : 112.3 89.7 : : : : 118.3 118.3 90.8

1985 : : 82.9 : : : : 109.3 90.5 : : : : 118.2 119.4 102.5

1990 : 91.2 89.2 : : 93.3 62.2 113.6 91.0 : : : : 112.2 144.2 94.8

1991 : 79.1 88.8 : 96.0 85.4 66.6 114.9 92.2 : : : : 112.8 146.9 96.71992 : 81.5 90.8 : 96.2 90.7 60.9 114.5 92.9 : : : : 112.4 149.6 96.11993 : 85.8 90.5 : 99.0 97.2 61.6 108.3 93.3 : : : : 120.7 151.9 97.01994 : 90.3 89.6 : 101.5 100.8 57.4 109.0 91.9 : : : : 121.4 153.9 97.21995 99.9 90.3 89.8 82.7 102.4 102.2 57.3 111.5 89.8 : : 92.1 149.1 113.5 153.1 96.71996 69.8 94.1 91.0 83.6 101.6 99.6 54.3 110.6 91.1 131.4 : 91.5 110.0 106.3 146.0 97.21997 67.2 94.5 91.1 86.8 103.6 98.1 56.4 109.8 91.8 121.7 : 89.7 99.5 114.2 139.9 98.91998 70.6 99.6 90.8 89.1 104.6 100.1 59.2 109.6 91.7 116.9 : 88.9 86.5 112.5 145.5 102.01999 75.6 98.9 90.5 87.3 104.0 98.9 60.3 106.5 92.8 122.8 : 91.7 87.9 115.4 145.0 100.72000 79.6 96.0 91.1 87.2 101.9 92.9 64.0 104.7 92.2 124.5 : 91.9 85.2 104.9 137.0 98.3

2001 80.1 98.8 91.0 87.9 102.6 92.9 64.0 103.2 93.9 126.5 : 95.7 85.4 102.8 137.3 100.22002 80.1 102.3 92.1 89.5 103.8 92.3 65.8 101.1 96.0 125.0 : 91.9 86.5 105.4 136.8 100.72003 82.7 102.4 92.8 91.6 103.5 91.8 67.4 100.7 97.2 120.6 : 94.5 88.9 108.9 132.6 99.22004 85.4 103.5 93.6 94.0 103.3 94.8 71.9 99.5 97.7 120.9 : 94.0 89.1 111.4 127.0 98.12005 84.7 101.3 95.3 94.3 101.6 95.9 75.2 97.6 97.7 109.7 : 97.4 88.3 110.9 118.9 95.92006 89.9 99.2 94.7 95.5 100.2 95.8 81.2 97.7 97.5 109.0 90.2 96.2 97.9 106.0 110.6 95.32007 92.5 100.3 94.1 96.6 100.6 97.4 90.1 99.1 96.4 109.3 95.5 100.2 104.3 107.8 106.2 95.62008 93.5 99.1 95.8 97.8 99.7 96.0 92.7 98.8 93.2 112.0 93.7 98.2 102.3 104.6 96.4 90.92009 95.7 101.1 96.1 98.9 100.5 99.0 93.1 99.8 94.9 110.4 95.9 95.4 105.9 106.7 108.2 96.12010 96.6 99.1 98.4 99.5 100.5 97.6 94.4 99.4 96.1 104.8 96.9 96.7 98.9 104.3 102.0 94.9

2011 100.3 97.5 96.6 99.7 99.1 96.1 96.0 98.7 94.6 101.9 94.6 93.6 99.7 96.7 94.2 93.72012 98.0 97.0 97.1 99.1 98.2 94.9 94.9 98.8 94.9 102.5 93.0 94.6 96.6 95.9 93.1 94.32013 97.5 98.1 98.1 99.1 98.7 95.9 95.8 99.0 96.7 101.4 95.8 94.7 100.0 98.1 92.2 95.82014 98.6 99.6 99.6 99.5 99.3 97.7 97.3 99.3 98.5 101.5 97.5 96.6 101.9 98.0 91.7 96.62015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 103.4 101.0 100.7 101.4 100.7 100.5 99.7 100.3 100.9 99.2 100.8 105.0 100.1 103.9 105.4 101.72017 103.6 100.0 101.2 101.7 100.1 100.7 99.9 99.4 100.1 101.6 106.1 107.0 100.0 98.0 101.1 102.02018 104.8 100.0 99.7 102.4 99.0 99.5 100.9 98.0 99.9 105.4 109.5 104.6 99.7 95.5 97.1 102.52019 107.8 99.8 99.8 103.1 98.9 100.5 101.8 98.1 101.2 107.1 111.6 104.7 99.6 88.4 97.0 103.42020 108.6 100.0 100.0 104.3 99.1 101.3 102.2 97.3 102.2 108.4 112.5 104.6 99.6 87.8 96.9 103.6

2021 109.1 100.2 100.2 105.5 99.1 102.2 102.6 96.9 103.1 109.2 113.1 104.5 99.6 87.4 96.9 103.6

66

Wage costs

29. Nominal compensation per employee; total economy



1961-1970 7.9 8.6 : 9.8 9.4 14.1 9.8 10.7 : : : 6.7 : 10.6 8.6 10.3 : : 9.8 : 9.8

1971-1980 12.3 8.3 : 18.6 18.3 20.4 13.5 18.4 : : : 10.6 : 10.6 10.0 20.3 : : 15.2 : 12.8

1981-1990 5.3 3.3 : 9.2 19.6 10.4 7.0 11.7 : : : 5.9 : 2.3 4.9 18.7 : : 9.8 : 6.8

1991 7.4 5.9 : 4.5 15.3 10.1 3.8 8.9 : : : 5.4 9.3 4.8 6.6 16.7 : : 6.3 : 6.51992 5.3 10.3 : 7.8 11.5 11.3 4.1 5.7 : : : 6.5 6.8 4.7 6.1 18.7 : : 2.0 : 7.51993 4.6 4.1 : 5.5 9.8 7.4 2.7 4.5 : 138.1 : 5.7 10.2 3.3 4.6 7.3 : : 0.6 : 4.21994 4.4 2.9 56.5 2.2 10.9 3.7 1.4 3.4 : 63.9 67.7 3.9 6.4 3.0 4.1 5.3 : : 3.2 : 3.01995 1.0 3.4 42.6 3.0 13.0 3.7 2.5 4.3 : 8.8 67.5 1.4 9.0 1.6 3.5 10.3 : : 3.9 : 3.31996 1.9 1.0 28.7 4.1 9.3 3.4 2.4 6.4 4.7 24.2 33.0 2.7 2.1 1.6 1.4 6.1 13.6 12.9 2.4 2.6 2.41997 3.1 0.6 20.1 7.1 13.7 2.8 1.7 4.2 5.5 6.4 23.0 2.0 5.1 2.3 0.8 5.7 12.4 16.7 1.5 2.1 1.91998 1.4 1.0 13.5 8.2 5.9 2.5 1.9 -0.9 2.9 9.0 15.5 1.1 3.1 3.4 2.6 5.9 8.6 9.8 4.7 1.6 1.41999 3.5 1.1 8.7 5.0 6.5 1.9 2.0 2.7 4.5 8.6 2.6 4.5 3.7 4.4 1.9 5.1 8.4 6.6 3.4 2.3 2.12000 2.0 1.6 11.9 7.9 5.2 3.3 2.3 2.2 6.0 9.4 -0.4 5.5 6.8 5.8 2.3 6.0 10.1 13.3 3.8 2.8 2.5

1991-2000 3.4 3.2 : 5.5 10.1 5.0 2.5 4.1 : : : 3.9 6.2 3.5 3.4 8.6 : : 3.2 : 3.5

2001 3.7 2.0 10.0 7.9 5.6 2.8 2.3 2.9 3.7 4.1 7.1 3.2 5.0 3.3 1.5 4.2 11.6 5.7 3.7 2.7 2.52002 4.1 1.2 10.1 5.0 10.7 3.6 3.1 3.3 4.8 4.4 5.0 3.9 3.6 5.1 2.1 3.6 8.3 8.8 1.7 2.8 2.72003 2.0 1.8 11.2 6.5 7.6 2.7 2.8 4.3 7.9 12.2 8.9 1.3 6.3 4.0 1.7 3.2 7.8 7.9 2.1 2.7 2.72004 1.8 0.3 12.3 5.2 4.4 3.9 3.4 3.5 2.2 14.9 12.1 3.9 2.9 2.7 2.1 3.3 7.7 7.9 3.5 2.4 2.32005 1.8 0.4 10.5 5.3 8.5 3.4 3.0 2.9 6.6 26.3 13.8 3.8 1.3 1.7 2.0 4.7 6.0 8.7 3.4 2.3 2.22006 3.5 1.1 14.8 4.4 3.1 4.2 2.8 2.5 4.2 22.5 20.7 4.2 4.4 1.5 3.1 1.8 5.4 8.0 3.3 2.4 2.32007 3.5 1.0 25.8 5.7 4.6 4.3 2.4 2.5 1.9 34.9 14.1 4.2 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.4 6.1 8.7 3.2 2.6 2.52008 3.7 2.3 10.4 3.9 3.7 7.1 2.7 3.7 3.2 17.7 14.1 2.8 4.1 4.0 3.3 2.6 7.2 6.7 4.2 3.5 3.52009 1.1 0.4 -2.9 -1.2 3.1 3.9 1.6 2.2 5.6 -10.9 -9.3 1.7 3.0 2.8 1.6 2.4 1.8 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.72010 1.5 2.6 2.7 -2.5 -2.0 2.1 2.9 2.7 0.8 -6.6 -0.3 1.9 2.0 0.8 1.1 2.0 3.9 5.4 2.0 2.3 2.2

2001-2010 2.7 1.3 10.3 4.0 4.9 3.8 2.7 3.1 4.1 11.1 8.3 3.1 3.6 2.9 2.1 3.1 6.6 7.0 2.9 2.6 2.5

2011 3.1 3.0 1.9 0.4 -3.8 0.3 2.6 1.1 2.3 2.3 6.1 1.9 3.3 2.4 2.1 -1.9 1.6 2.0 3.4 2.1 2.12012 3.1 2.6 5.8 1.0 -3.0 -0.4 2.4 0.3 1.7 7.5 4.2 1.8 3.3 2.3 2.7 -3.1 -1.0 2.5 2.7 1.9 1.92013 2.4 1.9 5.7 -0.4 -7.5 1.3 1.7 1.3 -5.3 5.5 5.4 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.2 3.5 0.5 2.6 1.4 1.7 1.72014 1.0 2.9 6.6 0.4 -2.0 0.3 1.3 0.0 -3.7 8.5 4.6 3.5 1.4 1.7 1.9 -1.8 1.2 2.0 0.9 1.4 1.32015 0.1 2.8 3.7 2.3 -2.4 0.6 1.0 1.0 -1.4 7.7 5.8 1.8 5.5 -0.2 1.9 0.3 1.5 3.7 1.4 1.3 1.32016 0.6 2.3 5.7 2.2 -0.9 -0.6 1.3 0.1 -0.9 7.3 6.4 0.8 2.9 1.2 2.4 1.2 3.1 2.2 0.9 1.2 1.22017 1.8 2.6 7.0 2.5 0.5 0.7 2.0 0.7 1.0 7.6 9.5 3.0 -0.7 1.0 1.6 2.3 3.0 5.4 -1.1 1.7 1.72018 1.9 2.9 10.2 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.8 2.2 0.5 8.5 7.7 3.3 2.3 1.7 2.9 2.5 3.9 5.6 0.7 2.2 2.12019 1.7 3.3 7.3 3.5 0.4 2.4 -0.2 1.0 3.4 6.1 7.0 3.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.2 3.6 7.1 3.1 2.0 1.92020 1.8 2.5 5.8 3.7 1.1 2.2 1.4 1.1 3.1 5.0 4.4 2.5 3.4 3.2 2.0 2.8 3.6 5.4 3.0 2.1 2.0

2011-2020 1.8 2.7 5.9 1.8 -1.7 0.8 1.5 0.9 0.0 6.6 6.1 2.4 2.6 1.8 2.2 0.9 2.1 3.8 1.6 1.8 1.7

2021 2.1 2.5 5.8 3.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.0 3.0 4.8 4.0 2.3 3.0 2.5 1.9 2.8 3.6 4.9 3.2 2.2 2.1


67

Wage costs

29. Nominal compensation per employee; total economy



1961-1970 : : 10.6 : : : : 8.5 : 7.0 : 9.1 : : : : : : 5.2

1971-1980 : : 11.7 : : : : 11.4 : 16.1 : 13.2 : : : : : : 7.7

1981-1990 : : 6.8 : : : : 8.5 : 8.4 : 7.1 : : : : : 3.9 5.6

1991 : : 4.3 : : : 127.4 6.6 : 9.8 : 7.1 : : : : 85.3 4.9 4.61992 : : 3.9 : : 56.8 187.8 5.5 : 5.4 : 7.1 : : : : 63.4 1.3 5.41993 : : 2.2 : : 31.5 207.6 2.8 : 4.2 : 4.1 : : : : 75.0 0.8 3.01994 : 19.7 0.6 : : 41.3 132.6 6.3 : 0.1 : 2.5 : : : : 53.8 1.4 2.61995 : 13.8 3.5 : : 34.1 54.3 2.3 : 3.7 : 3.4 : : : : 67.0 1.2 3.21996 71.8 17.1 4.0 13.8 21.3 27.2 51.0 6.8 3.6 3.4 3.6 2.7 : : : : 93.4 1.0 3.71997 857.7 10.4 3.1 15.2 22.0 20.5 91.5 5.9 3.9 5.9 4.1 2.6 : : : : 101.8 2.0 4.21998 59.0 8.5 4.0 14.2 16.1 13.9 92.2 -1.6 2.8 3.8 3.0 1.8 : : 3.0 : 74.2 -0.7 5.91999 6.7 6.2 4.0 7.0 8.1 14.4 40.8 3.8 3.7 6.1 4.2 2.9 : : 6.2 : 53.0 -0.9 4.72000 9.9 7.4 3.1 8.0 16.2 10.4 70.1 6.9 4.0 5.5 4.3 3.2 : : 4.9 : 45.6 0.1 5.5

1991-2000 : : 3.3 : : : 98.8 4.5 : 4.8 : 3.7 : : : : 70.4 1.1 4.3

2001 13.4 8.4 4.0 1.8 16.1 10.0 55.2 4.3 3.7 5.1 4.0 3.1 : : 0.0 : 38.5 -1.5 3.22002 6.0 7.8 3.8 10.6 11.4 2.5 16.5 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.7 : : 4.2 : 40.6 -2.7 1.82003 4.1 7.7 3.6 7.3 10.5 1.6 27.4 3.6 3.1 5.0 3.5 3.2 : : 8.3 : 30.3 -1.2 2.82004 6.2 7.9 3.1 4.7 11.9 2.4 13.8 4.2 2.3 5.4 2.9 2.9 : : -3.0 : 22.3 -1.1 4.72005 9.3 3.9 3.4 6.1 8.3 2.0 29.1 3.3 2.5 4.2 2.9 2.7 : : -2.0 : 9.0 0.2 3.32006 6.3 5.9 3.5 3.0 5.3 2.1 12.7 3.0 2.4 5.9 3.0 3.1 : : 10.2 : 10.7 -0.6 3.92007 12.7 6.1 3.7 5.3 6.4 5.7 8.6 5.5 2.8 5.6 3.2 3.2 : : -3.0 : 10.6 -0.7 3.92008 16.8 4.1 3.9 5.1 7.7 8.3 36.4 4.0 3.9 0.5 3.2 2.9 : : 8.2 : 9.8 0.3 2.52009 8.1 -0.6 2.8 -0.2 -3.3 3.4 -3.6 2.3 1.7 0.9 1.5 1.6 : : 3.6 : 6.0 -3.9 0.12010 9.9 3.5 3.2 1.9 1.2 8.9 10.9 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.4 : : 4.6 : 8.4 0.0 2.6

2001-2010 9.2 5.4 3.5 4.5 7.4 4.7 19.7 3.6 2.8 3.8 3.0 2.8 : : 3.0 : 18.0 -1.1 2.9

2011 6.8 2.7 1.4 3.7 4.2 5.3 -2.8 3.1 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.1 : : 1.1 : 9.4 0.3 3.02012 7.7 1.7 1.8 0.4 3.0 3.6 3.4 3.1 1.8 1.3 1.8 1.8 : : -2.0 : 12.4 0.1 2.22013 8.8 -0.3 1.6 -0.9 0.4 1.7 4.1 2.0 1.6 3.2 1.9 2.0 : : -4.2 : 10.3 -0.3 2.02014 5.6 2.6 1.5 -5.2 0.6 2.2 6.9 2.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 : : 5.0 : 14.8 0.9 2.92015 5.6 3.0 1.7 0.4 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.6 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.3 : : 2.1 : 12.8 0.5 3.12016 5.8 4.0 1.5 1.3 2.4 4.8 15.0 2.6 1.5 3.2 1.8 1.6 : : 6.4 : 20.2 1.1 0.92017 10.5 6.4 1.7 -1.1 7.0 5.8 14.8 2.1 2.1 3.2 2.3 1.9 : : 0.9 : 8.8 0.5 3.12018 9.7 8.0 2.0 2.2 6.2 8.2 16.3 3.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.3 : : 5.0 : 17.0 1.2 3.32019 7.8 5.2 2.3 2.6 7.8 8.1 13.0 3.1 2.5 4.0 2.8 2.3 : : 4.0 : 17.5 0.9 3.32020 6.6 4.7 2.7 2.5 6.5 8.2 9.2 2.9 2.6 3.3 2.7 2.3 : : 3.4 : 10.8 1.0 2.9

2011-2020 7.5 3.8 1.8 0.5 4.0 4.9 8.0 2.7 2.0 2.5 2.1 1.9 : : 2.1 : 13.3 0.6 2.7

2021 5.4 4.4 3.0 2.2 6.4 7.6 7.1 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.7 2.3 : : 2.4 : 10.0 1.0 2.5


68

Wage costs

30. Real compensation per employee, deflator GDP; total economy



1961-1970 4.3 4.6 : 4.1 6.3 7.1 5.2 6.0 : : : 2.5 : 5.2 4.6 7.0 : : 3.7 : 5.2

1971-1980 5.1 3.0 : 4.2 3.1 4.6 3.5 2.8 : : : 3.9 : 2.7 3.4 4.0 : : 3.8 : 3.1

1981-1990 1.0 0.5 : 2.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 : : : 1.7 : 0.5 1.2 1.5 : : 2.5 : 0.4

1991 4.4 2.7 : 2.7 -3.7 2.9 1.2 1.1 : : : 3.6 : 1.6 2.9 5.2 : : 4.7 : 1.81992 1.8 4.7 : 4.8 -2.9 4.3 2.1 1.1 : : : 2.7 3.1 2.1 2.5 8.9 : : 1.1 : 3.01993 0.6 0.2 : 0.3 -4.0 2.8 1.1 0.6 : 44.5 : -0.2 7.2 1.6 1.8 1.9 : : -1.1 : 0.71994 2.3 0.8 12.0 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 -0.2 : 20.3 3.7 0.4 2.8 0.9 1.5 -1.4 : : 1.3 : 0.51995 -0.2 1.4 8.5 0.1 2.9 -1.2 1.3 -0.9 : -5.5 14.4 -0.9 4.0 -0.5 1.6 4.4 : : -0.3 : 0.51996 1.4 0.5 5.0 1.8 1.5 -0.1 1.0 1.8 2.0 10.5 11.8 -1.7 1.1 0.6 0.4 3.6 1.9 8.0 2.5 0.7 0.61997 2.3 0.3 9.2 3.1 6.7 0.5 0.8 1.6 3.2 0.5 10.4 3.0 3.7 -0.3 -0.4 1.8 3.7 11.4 -0.5 0.6 0.51998 -0.4 0.3 6.2 1.6 0.8 -0.1 1.0 -3.3 0.9 4.0 11.7 3.2 0.7 1.3 2.2 2.0 1.1 4.7 1.5 0.0 -0.21999 2.9 0.8 1.9 0.6 2.8 -0.6 1.8 1.1 2.2 7.0 3.9 -1.2 2.1 3.1 1.7 1.7 1.8 -0.5 2.5 1.3 1.12000 0.0 2.1 7.9 1.0 3.5 -0.1 0.7 0.4 3.2 5.6 -1.6 3.3 4.5 2.3 0.9 2.5 4.3 3.5 2.1 1.3 1.1

1991-2000 1.5 1.4 : 1.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.3 : : : 1.2 : 1.3 1.5 3.0 : : 1.4 : 1.0

2001 1.6 0.7 3.0 1.0 2.1 -1.2 0.3 -0.1 0.1 1.8 7.4 2.8 2.5 -0.8 -0.4 0.4 2.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.12002 2.5 -0.1 5.0 -0.2 7.1 -0.5 1.1 0.1 4.5 -0.7 4.6 2.2 0.8 1.2 0.9 -0.6 0.7 4.7 0.7 0.3 0.32003 0.1 0.4 7.0 2.5 4.0 -1.2 0.9 1.1 2.4 6.9 9.8 -1.3 3.4 1.8 0.4 -0.2 2.1 2.4 1.9 0.5 0.52004 -0.1 -0.8 7.3 4.6 1.3 0.0 1.7 0.9 -0.5 7.6 9.1 0.9 1.4 1.5 0.3 0.8 4.2 2.1 2.9 0.5 0.42005 -0.3 -0.1 4.4 2.1 6.1 -0.7 1.1 0.9 4.5 13.6 6.5 -0.4 -0.9 -0.3 -0.5 1.3 4.4 6.0 2.4 0.4 0.42006 1.3 0.7 5.3 0.9 -0.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 1.1 8.9 13.1 -2.7 1.6 -1.0 1.2 -1.3 3.1 5.0 2.3 0.4 0.42007 1.6 -0.7 11.9 4.5 1.1 0.8 -0.1 0.0 -2.2 12.3 5.1 2.6 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.5 1.9 7.5 0.4 0.2 0.12008 1.7 1.3 3.3 4.2 -0.7 4.7 0.3 1.2 -1.4 5.3 4.0 -1.1 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.9 2.6 3.7 1.2 1.5 1.52009 0.5 -1.5 -2.8 3.6 0.5 3.8 1.5 0.5 5.3 -1.3 -6.2 0.3 0.3 2.6 -0.2 1.3 -1.5 3.8 0.3 0.9 0.82010 -0.4 1.9 0.8 0.6 -2.6 2.0 1.9 2.3 -1.1 -6.2 -2.5 -1.7 -1.8 -0.1 0.2 1.4 5.0 4.9 1.7 1.6 1.6

2001-2010 0.8 0.2 4.5 2.4 1.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.2 4.6 4.9 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.4 2.5 4.0 1.4 0.6 0.6

2011 1.3 1.9 -3.3 -1.1 -4.5 0.3 1.6 -0.5 0.7 -3.8 0.7 -2.7 1.1 2.2 0.2 -1.6 0.5 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.12012 1.1 1.1 1.7 -1.2 -2.7 -0.3 1.2 -1.2 0.1 3.8 1.3 -0.7 1.2 0.9 0.6 -2.7 -1.4 1.2 -0.2 0.6 0.62013 1.2 0.0 1.6 -1.6 -5.2 0.9 0.9 0.1 -4.4 3.8 4.0 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.6 1.2 -1.1 2.0 -1.1 0.4 0.42014 0.0 1.0 3.5 0.5 -0.2 0.5 0.7 -1.0 -2.3 6.6 3.7 0.7 -0.9 1.4 -0.3 -2.5 0.8 2.2 -0.7 0.4 0.42015 -1.2 1.0 2.6 -5.1 -2.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 7.7 5.7 1.6 3.0 -1.0 -0.3 -1.7 0.5 4.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.12016 -1.2 1.1 3.9 2.5 -0.7 -0.9 0.8 -1.0 -0.1 6.4 4.7 0.0 1.5 0.8 0.7 -0.5 2.4 2.7 0.7 0.4 0.32017 0.1 1.5 3.2 1.4 -0.1 -0.7 1.5 0.0 -0.7 4.5 5.1 1.2 -3.0 -0.3 0.5 0.8 1.4 4.1 -1.8 0.8 0.72018 0.3 1.3 5.4 1.3 0.8 -0.1 1.0 1.3 -0.8 4.3 4.2 0.7 0.2 -0.5 1.2 0.9 1.7 3.5 -1.4 0.9 0.82019 0.1 1.2 3.9 2.7 -0.4 1.0 -1.5 0.5 1.9 2.9 3.3 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.9 1.8 0.9 4.6 1.7 0.4 0.42020 -0.1 0.5 2.7 2.2 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 1.6 2.6 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.7 0.3 1.3 1.2 3.0 1.2 0.6 0.5

2011-2020 0.2 1.1 2.5 0.1 -1.5 0.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.5 3.8 3.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 -0.3 0.7 2.8 -0.1 0.5 0.5

2021 0.1 0.8 3.0 2.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 -0.1 1.3 2.6 1.6 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.2 1.2 1.2 2.7 1.2 0.7 0.7


69

Wage costs

30. Real compensation per employee, deflator GDP; total economy



1961-1970 : : 4.2 : : : : 4.1 : 2.2 : 4.5 : : : : : : 2.4

1971-1980 : : 1.8 : : : : 1.7 : 1.7 : 2.9 : : : : : : 0.8

1981-1990 : : 1.0 : : : : 0.7 : 1.5 : 0.6 : : : : : 2.4 1.4

1991 : : 1.6 : : : -23.1 -1.8 : 2.9 : 1.9 : : : : 16.7 2.3 1.21992 : : 2.2 : : 13.1 -4.0 4.1 : 2.2 : 2.9 : : : : -0.2 -0.3 3.11993 : : 1.6 : : 0.6 -6.0 0.2 : 1.5 : 0.8 : : : : 4.3 0.3 0.61994 : 7.4 -0.9 : : 3.0 -2.7 3.6 : -1.2 : 0.2 : : : : -25.5 1.3 0.51995 : 4.3 2.2 : : 4.8 14.1 -1.4 : 1.2 : 0.6 : : : : -10.8 1.8 1.11996 5.3 6.4 2.0 9.7 -0.5 7.9 4.9 5.8 0.9 -0.7 0.7 0.5 : : : : 8.7 1.5 1.81997 -5.6 1.9 1.1 7.7 1.5 6.0 -18.6 4.3 0.3 4.8 0.9 1.2 : : : : 11.2 1.5 2.41998 19.3 -1.3 2.7 5.5 2.0 2.6 29.8 -2.4 0.6 2.8 1.0 0.4 : : 1.5 : -0.9 -0.7 4.71999 3.4 3.1 2.3 3.1 -0.1 7.7 -5.8 2.9 2.2 5.1 2.7 1.9 : : 3.4 : -0.8 0.4 3.22000 2.5 5.6 0.1 3.4 6.0 4.0 18.8 5.4 2.2 3.6 2.4 1.7 : : -3.0 : -2.5 1.5 3.2

1991-2000 : : 1.5 : : : -0.5 2.0 : 2.2 : 1.2 : : : : -0.7 1.0 2.2

2001 6.8 3.3 1.4 -2.3 4.5 6.7 12.5 1.8 0.9 4.1 1.5 0.9 : : -4.5 : -9.4 -0.4 0.92002 2.1 5.0 1.4 6.9 3.0 0.6 -5.0 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 : : 3.2 : 2.2 -1.3 0.22003 1.8 6.5 2.0 3.0 4.8 0.9 3.4 1.9 0.7 2.7 1.1 1.0 : : 6.6 : 5.7 0.4 0.92004 0.5 3.9 1.0 0.9 6.5 -2.4 -1.4 3.9 0.2 2.7 0.7 0.9 : : -2.8 : 8.7 0.0 1.92005 2.6 3.8 0.4 2.6 5.6 -0.5 15.2 2.6 0.6 1.7 0.8 0.7 : : -6.5 : 1.8 1.2 0.22006 -0.4 5.2 1.4 -0.9 1.5 0.4 1.9 1.2 0.3 3.0 0.7 0.9 : : 6.7 : 1.2 0.3 0.82007 1.4 2.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 2.0 -6.2 2.5 0.1 2.9 0.6 0.7 : : -7.3 : 4.1 0.0 1.22008 8.0 2.0 -0.3 -0.6 2.8 4.2 17.6 0.7 1.5 -2.3 0.7 0.7 : : 2.6 : -2.0 1.3 0.52009 3.9 -3.1 2.3 -2.9 -7.2 -0.4 -7.4 -0.1 0.5 -0.7 0.3 0.5 : : 3.3 : 0.6 -3.3 -0.72010 8.7 5.0 0.0 1.0 -1.2 7.2 7.1 1.6 2.2 1.5 2.1 1.5 : : 2.5 : 1.3 1.9 1.5

2001-2010 3.5 3.4 1.1 0.9 2.0 1.8 3.4 1.8 0.7 1.6 0.9 0.8 : : 0.3 : 1.3 0.0 0.8

2011 0.8 2.7 0.7 2.0 1.9 2.0 -6.3 2.0 1.0 -0.3 0.8 0.9 : : -2.5 : 1.1 2.0 0.92012 6.1 0.3 -0.5 -1.2 -0.2 1.2 -0.6 2.1 0.4 -0.4 0.3 0.5 : : -2.9 : 4.7 0.9 0.32013 9.5 -1.7 0.7 -1.7 -2.5 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.6 : : -8.3 : 3.8 0.0 0.22014 5.1 0.1 0.4 -5.2 -2.9 1.7 5.1 0.6 0.3 -0.7 0.1 0.2 : : 3.5 : 6.9 -0.8 1.12015 3.1 1.8 1.3 0.3 -0.5 0.9 -0.6 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 : : 0.1 : 4.6 -1.6 2.12016 3.2 2.7 0.8 1.4 1.5 4.4 12.2 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.5 : : 2.8 : 11.2 0.9 -0.12017 6.3 4.9 0.3 -2.1 3.1 3.9 9.7 -0.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.8 : : -2.4 : -2.0 0.7 1.22018 5.4 5.3 1.4 0.5 1.6 7.0 9.9 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.9 : : 0.6 : 0.5 1.3 0.92019 3.1 2.6 0.9 0.6 3.5 5.1 5.3 0.7 0.7 2.1 1.0 0.7 : : 1.8 : 3.4 0.5 1.62020 3.5 2.3 0.9 0.0 2.7 5.0 4.4 1.3 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.7 : : 1.7 : -0.1 0.5 1.1

2011-2020 4.6 2.1 0.7 -0.6 0.8 3.2 3.8 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 : : -0.6 : 3.3 0.4 0.9

2021 2.7 2.5 1.0 -0.3 3.3 4.4 2.6 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.8 : : 0.1 : 0.1 0.2 0.8


70

Wage costs

31. Real compensation per employee, deflator private consumption; total economy



1961-1970 4.6 5.7 : 4.4 6.9 7.8 5.4 6.3 : : : 4.1 : 6.3 4.9 7.5 : : 4.8 : 5.8

1971-1980 5.1 2.9 : 4.0 3.9 4.7 3.5 2.9 : : : 3.8 : 3.1 3.6 4.1 : : 3.6 : 3.0

1981-1990 1.0 0.7 : 1.9 0.5 1.1 0.7 1.4 : : : 1.1 : 0.1 1.4 2.1 : : 3.3 : 0.5

1991 4.5 2.9 : 1.8 -3.7 3.4 1.1 1.5 : : : 2.0 : 1.2 3.3 5.8 : : 1.6 : 1.71992 3.4 5.8 : 4.7 -3.6 4.5 1.5 0.3 : : : 2.1 : 1.6 2.7 10.2 : : -1.4 : 2.91993 2.0 0.1 : 3.2 -3.8 2.0 1.2 -0.9 : : : 1.7 : 1.1 1.5 1.7 : : -2.8 : 0.21994 2.1 0.7 14.2 -0.5 0.0 -1.1 0.4 -1.7 : : : 1.3 : 0.4 1.8 -1.4 : : 2.6 : 0.01995 -0.5 2.1 14.3 0.3 3.7 -1.1 1.5 -1.9 : : : -0.6 : -0.5 1.2 4.9 : : 3.5 : 0.61996 1.2 0.4 6.0 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.8 2.2 2.5 9.5 12.6 1.4 0.3 0.3 -0.1 3.2 2.4 8.1 1.4 0.6 0.51997 1.6 -0.5 9.4 4.2 8.7 0.1 0.8 2.2 3.9 -1.2 12.6 0.6 1.3 0.0 -0.7 2.6 3.5 11.8 -0.4 0.4 0.31998 0.2 0.7 6.5 4.2 1.0 0.8 1.7 -2.8 2.2 3.7 9.2 -0.3 -0.1 1.6 2.4 3.3 1.5 3.9 3.0 0.5 0.41999 3.1 0.5 5.1 1.9 3.6 -0.2 2.5 1.0 3.0 5.5 3.8 2.3 2.7 2.6 1.8 2.6 2.0 -2.9 1.9 1.4 1.22000 -1.4 0.7 8.3 3.0 1.9 -0.9 0.0 -0.8 4.3 6.3 1.4 2.6 5.4 2.7 0.2 2.2 2.4 4.6 0.7 0.4 0.2

1991-2000 1.6 1.3 : 2.3 0.9 0.8 1.2 -0.1 : : : 1.3 : 1.1 1.4 3.5 : : 1.0 : 0.8

2001 1.3 -0.1 3.2 3.4 2.7 -0.7 0.3 0.3 2.1 1.7 4.6 1.4 2.3 0.1 -0.9 0.3 3.8 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.12002 3.1 -0.1 6.5 -0.1 8.3 0.9 2.3 0.4 3.6 -1.2 5.4 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.0 0.1 0.8 5.7 0.0 0.8 0.82003 0.5 0.3 9.5 2.5 5.0 -0.5 1.1 1.2 5.6 6.7 10.6 -0.9 5.1 1.6 0.2 -0.4 2.5 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.52004 -0.7 -0.7 8.3 3.3 1.0 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.5 7.4 12.2 1.6 -0.2 1.4 0.3 0.9 4.6 0.7 3.2 0.4 0.32005 -1.0 -0.7 6.6 3.7 5.4 0.0 1.2 0.9 3.4 15.1 11.2 0.5 -1.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 3.7 5.8 2.3 0.3 0.32006 0.8 -0.2 8.9 1.8 -0.1 0.7 0.6 -0.1 0.6 11.3 15.4 1.7 1.9 -1.2 0.9 -1.6 2.9 3.0 1.9 0.1 0.12007 0.8 -0.8 16.6 2.6 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.2 -1.8 20.8 7.8 1.9 2.4 1.1 0.4 0.1 2.0 6.0 1.2 0.2 0.12008 0.5 0.3 2.2 2.3 -0.7 3.4 -0.1 0.4 -1.4 3.8 2.9 -0.3 0.4 1.8 1.2 -0.2 1.5 2.1 0.8 0.7 0.72009 1.9 0.3 -1.5 5.6 2.1 4.9 3.1 2.8 5.3 -7.5 -13.1 2.2 1.0 4.4 1.3 4.4 1.0 2.5 0.2 2.5 2.52010 -0.4 0.9 -1.2 -0.4 -5.4 0.2 1.8 1.1 -1.8 -4.2 -1.5 0.7 -0.2 -0.8 -0.7 0.2 2.4 4.4 0.6 0.7 0.7

2001-2010 0.7 -0.1 5.8 2.5 1.9 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.6 5.1 5.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.5 2.5 3.1 1.2 0.6 0.6

2011 0.3 1.2 -3.1 -0.5 -5.9 -2.0 0.7 -1.8 -0.7 -3.6 1.6 -1.1 1.2 0.3 -1.1 -3.5 -0.2 -1.8 0.1 -0.1 -0.12012 1.1 1.2 1.6 -0.3 -3.5 -2.4 0.9 -2.2 -0.8 4.2 1.0 -0.2 0.6 1.0 0.3 -4.8 -2.6 -0.9 -0.1 0.1 0.12013 1.4 0.5 2.5 -1.7 -5.8 0.3 1.0 0.2 -5.1 5.4 4.5 0.6 1.0 -0.2 0.1 2.7 -1.6 1.2 -1.0 0.5 0.52014 0.2 2.0 5.8 -0.6 0.5 0.2 1.2 -0.3 -3.0 6.7 4.6 3.0 1.0 0.8 -0.2 -2.0 1.7 2.1 -0.3 0.9 0.92015 -0.7 2.3 4.1 1.8 -0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 8.8 6.8 1.7 3.7 -0.4 0.5 -0.6 2.1 3.9 1.3 1.1 1.02016 -0.8 1.6 5.0 1.9 -0.2 -0.8 1.1 0.0 0.6 6.1 5.4 0.5 2.3 0.7 1.0 0.2 3.8 2.6 0.6 0.8 0.82017 -0.1 1.1 3.2 1.5 0.0 -0.9 1.1 -0.5 0.1 4.4 5.8 1.1 -1.7 -0.4 -0.4 0.7 1.3 3.9 -1.8 0.4 0.42018 0.0 1.4 6.3 0.4 1.0 -0.4 0.3 1.2 -1.1 5.5 4.9 1.1 1.5 -0.2 0.8 1.2 1.7 3.2 -0.4 0.7 0.72019 0.3 2.0 4.6 1.4 -0.1 1.4 -1.4 0.4 2.8 3.0 4.9 1.0 1.2 0.0 1.1 2.7 2.0 4.5 1.8 0.8 0.72020 0.2 1.3 3.4 1.6 0.5 1.1 0.2 0.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.8 2.1 1.7 0.4 1.6 1.4 3.0 1.6 0.9 0.9

2011-2020 0.2 1.5 3.3 0.5 -1.4 -0.3 0.6 -0.2 -0.4 4.3 4.2 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.9 2.1 0.2 0.6 0.6

2021 0.4 1.1 3.3 1.8 1.1 0.7 0.7 -0.2 1.7 2.4 2.6 0.3 1.6 1.1 0.3 1.4 1.3 2.5 1.7 0.8 0.8


71

Wage costs

31. Real compensation per employee, deflator private consumption; total economy



1961-1970 : : 5.0 : : : : 4.3 : 2.6 : 5.0 : : : : : : 2.7

1971-1980 : : 1.7 : : : : 1.6 : 2.0 : 2.8 : : : : : : 0.7

1981-1990 : : 1.2 : : : : 0.6 : 2.0 : 0.8 : : : : : 2.0 1.2

1991 : : 1.4 : : : -19.6 -3.6 : 2.2 : 1.7 : : : : 15.3 2.1 1.21992 : : 2.7 : : 8.5 -5.8 3.1 : 1.4 : 2.7 : : : : -1.3 -0.4 2.71993 : : 1.1 : : 0.0 -8.0 -2.5 : 0.9 : 0.3 : : : : 5.5 -0.3 0.51994 : 10.6 -1.9 : : 2.5 -3.8 3.5 : -1.5 : -0.2 : : : : -26.3 0.9 0.51995 : 5.1 1.6 : : 5.4 12.8 -0.7 : 0.7 : 0.6 : : : : -13.2 1.6 1.11996 -19.3 8.5 2.3 9.7 -1.3 7.0 3.2 6.0 0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.6 : : : : 15.2 1.0 1.51997 -16.1 1.6 1.2 10.0 3.5 5.4 -18.1 4.4 -0.2 4.1 0.4 0.9 : : : : 10.8 0.9 2.41998 30.7 0.1 2.5 7.4 2.1 3.1 31.8 -2.0 1.0 2.4 1.3 0.7 : : 2.2 : -4.8 -0.7 5.11999 4.2 4.0 2.1 3.1 -1.1 7.6 -2.9 2.4 2.2 5.6 2.8 2.0 : : 6.5 : -0.2 -0.2 3.22000 4.8 3.8 0.3 2.4 4.4 0.4 23.7 6.0 1.2 4.8 1.9 1.2 : : -3.4 : -6.0 1.1 2.9

1991-2000 : : 1.3 : : : 0.1 1.6 : 2.0 : 1.0 : : : : -1.3 0.6 2.1

2001 7.4 4.7 1.6 -2.7 5.9 6.2 15.3 2.2 0.9 4.8 1.7 1.1 : : -7.1 : -7.5 -0.5 1.22002 2.5 6.3 1.9 8.2 5.0 -0.5 -3.1 1.5 0.9 1.9 1.1 1.1 : : 3.9 : 1.4 -1.3 0.52003 3.4 7.6 2.3 4.9 5.8 1.1 9.8 1.7 0.8 3.6 1.4 1.2 : : 5.7 : 5.6 -0.1 0.92004 2.7 4.7 1.9 2.6 6.1 -2.1 0.9 3.7 0.1 3.7 0.8 1.0 : : -1.7 : 10.3 -0.5 2.12005 2.3 2.8 1.6 2.7 4.5 -0.1 20.8 2.4 0.5 1.9 0.8 0.7 : : -3.4 : 0.7 0.6 0.42006 4.0 4.1 1.3 -0.4 1.9 0.6 7.5 2.3 0.1 3.1 0.6 0.7 : : 6.8 : 0.8 -0.6 1.12007 3.5 3.2 2.0 2.3 -0.3 3.4 1.6 4.0 0.3 3.3 0.8 0.9 : : -4.2 : 3.7 -0.3 1.42008 9.9 -0.6 1.0 -0.5 1.8 4.0 23.3 1.0 0.8 -3.1 0.0 0.0 : : 0.3 : -0.9 -0.4 -0.52009 7.2 -1.4 1.5 -3.4 -7.3 0.7 -7.1 0.2 2.0 0.2 1.7 2.0 : : 2.6 : 1.0 -1.7 0.22010 7.3 3.0 0.8 0.3 -2.6 6.3 4.7 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 0.8 : : 4.5 : 1.7 1.4 0.9

2001-2010 5.0 3.4 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.9 7.0 2.0 0.8 2.1 1.0 0.9 : : 0.6 : 1.6 -0.3 0.8

2011 3.3 1.0 -1.0 1.2 0.3 0.4 -6.3 1.7 -0.1 -1.8 -0.4 -0.3 : : -7.9 : 1.9 0.9 0.42012 4.1 -0.4 -0.5 -2.8 -3.1 0.2 -1.0 2.6 -0.1 -0.7 -0.2 0.1 : : -1.3 : 4.4 0.7 0.32013 11.7 -1.1 0.8 -2.8 -1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.5 1.4 0.6 0.7 : : -6.5 : 4.0 -0.2 0.62014 5.6 2.0 0.9 -4.8 -0.4 2.3 5.7 1.4 0.8 -0.4 0.6 0.7 : : 4.9 : 6.6 -1.1 1.42015 4.0 2.9 1.3 0.9 2.1 2.9 1.0 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.0 : : 2.1 : 4.6 0.1 2.92016 5.3 3.4 1.0 2.5 2.2 5.2 14.1 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.2 0.9 : : 6.8 : 12.8 1.7 -0.12017 7.1 4.0 0.4 -2.0 4.1 3.7 11.8 0.3 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.6 : : -0.4 : -1.8 0.3 1.32018 7.5 5.4 1.1 1.0 3.0 6.6 12.2 1.3 1.2 0.3 1.1 0.6 : : 3.3 : 1.8 0.7 1.22019 5.5 2.7 1.4 1.5 4.3 5.7 6.8 1.3 1.1 2.7 1.4 1.1 : : 3.2 : 1.9 0.6 1.92020 4.2 2.0 1.0 1.2 3.3 5.4 5.0 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.0 : : 2.3 : 0.4 0.6 1.0

2011-2020 5.8 2.2 0.6 -0.4 1.4 3.3 4.9 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 : : 0.5 : 3.6 0.4 1.1

2021 3.3 2.3 1.1 0.7 3.3 4.9 3.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.9 : : 0.8 : 0.9 0.4 0.7


72

Wage costs

32. Adjusted wage share; total economy; as percentage of GDP at current factor cost 1)


1960-1970 62.5 67.8 : 73.9 71.3 69.6 73.5 71.5 : : : 51.0 : 67.9 72.8 71.8 : : 73.8 : 70.2

1971-1980 69.1 70.4 : 72.0 57.4 71.4 73.7 68.6 : : : 58.0 : 74.0 73.2 81.0 : : 71.6 : 71.4

1981-1990 69.3 67.4 : 67.6 59.6 67.4 71.2 65.0 : : : 58.6 : 69.2 69.2 64.7 : : 70.3 : 68.2

1991 65.5 66.1

1991 69.4 64.2 : 63.2 55.8 66.9 67.0 64.0 : : : 55.7 : 67.9 67.7 65.0 : : 74.0 : 65.71992 69.6 65.3 : 64.9 55.0 68.7 66.6 63.7 : 37.3 : 57.8 : 69.0 68.3 68.2 : : 71.9 : 66.11993 70.5 65.5 57.3 63.6 53.5 68.1 66.7 62.9 : 59.1 41.9 57.2 : 69.8 68.8 67.9 : : 67.4 : 66.11994 69.9 64.7 63.8 63.3 53.2 66.4 66.1 60.9 : 63.9 46.6 56.5 : 68.2 68.7 65.7 : : 64.8 : 65.01995 69.0 64.7 61.7 60.1 54.3 65.0 66.2 59.0 59.3 55.1 51.7 56.7 60.4 67.7 67.0 66.5 77.2 47.2 62.8 64.6 64.61996 69.5 64.4 60.7 58.8 53.6 64.5 66.3 59.5 59.7 59.6 55.1 56.2 58.8 67.2 66.5 67.7 75.2 48.9 63.6 64.4 64.41997 69.4 63.6 58.8 56.8 54.6 65.1 65.7 60.1 60.1 57.9 57.9 57.0 58.7 66.1 65.7 67.7 72.5 50.3 62.1 63.9 64.01998 68.9 63.3 57.7 56.8 55.1 65.3 64.9 59.4 58.1 56.8 59.8 58.4 56.4 65.5 65.2 68.0 71.4 51.1 60.8 63.5 63.61999 69.6 64.0 56.1 55.0 55.6 65.2 65.3 59.3 57.6 57.3 61.4 56.0 56.5 66.1 65.2 67.7 70.6 49.4 61.0 63.9 63.92000 68.4 65.0 55.9 53.1 55.7 64.9 64.6 58.4 57.6 55.0 55.1 56.6 55.1 65.8 64.0 68.2 71.6 49.8 59.7 63.7 63.8

1991-2000 69.4 64.5 : 59.6 54.6 66.0 65.9 60.7 : : : 56.8 : 67.3 66.7 67.3 : : 64.8 : 64.7

2001 69.4 64.1 54.7 52.0 54.9 63.5 64.4 58.1 56.9 53.5 53.2 59.7 57.6 65.1 63.5 68.3 71.5 48.3 59.0 63.1 63.22002 70.1 63.8 53.9 49.7 57.8 62.9 64.9 58.5 58.9 49.9 54.2 60.1 56.2 65.6 63.0 68.0 70.9 48.8 59.4 63.2 63.32003 69.4 64.0 54.6 50.6 57.2 62.1 65.0 59.0 62.3 49.8 54.6 59.4 56.3 65.8 62.9 67.7 70.0 48.1 59.8 63.2 63.32004 67.7 62.8 54.7 51.7 56.2 62.2 64.6 59.0 61.9 49.5 54.7 59.8 57.9 65.1 61.7 66.7 70.2 46.4 59.2 62.6 62.62005 66.6 62.3 53.3 52.6 60.0 61.9 64.9 59.5 64.3 51.3 54.3 59.5 56.4 63.8 60.8 67.3 70.1 47.4 60.0 62.4 62.52006 66.3 60.8 54.1 53.3 58.1 61.7 64.6 60.0 63.8 53.0 57.2 56.7 57.2 62.4 60.2 66.0 68.9 46.1 60.1 61.8 61.92007 65.8 60.1 56.4 55.0 57.7 61.2 63.8 59.7 63.2 55.7 55.5 56.2 56.6 62.1 59.6 64.5 67.7 45.7 58.3 61.2 61.32008 67.6 61.1 60.2 58.8 58.3 62.1 63.9 60.1 61.7 58.9 55.6 58.6 56.4 62.7 60.7 64.8 68.2 45.8 59.6 61.9 62.02009 69.1 64.0 63.0 58.2 60.2 61.8 66.0 61.3 64.6 57.9 56.2 62.1 58.4 65.5 62.8 64.7 70.8 49.3 63.7 63.8 63.92010 67.2 62.7 58.0 55.3 61.1 62.4 65.7 61.4 63.0 53.7 51.1 59.2 56.0 64.1 62.3 64.0 72.2 48.1 62.4 63.2 63.3

2001-2010 67.9 62.6 56.3 53.7 58.2 62.2 64.8 59.7 62.1 53.3 54.7 59.1 56.9 64.2 61.7 66.2 70.1 47.4 60.2 62.7 62.7

2011 67.8 62.4 55.6 53.1 60.0 61.2 66.1 60.8 62.7 49.5 48.8 57.9 58.0 64.6 61.8 63.1 71.4 48.2 62.9 63.0 63.12012 68.6 63.7 55.9 52.1 58.9 60.2 66.9 61.5 62.9 50.0 48.4 59.3 58.2 65.4 62.5 61.5 71.9 47.6 64.4 63.6 63.82013 68.8 63.8 56.7 52.3 56.3 59.9 67.5 61.0 60.5 52.1 49.1 58.6 57.7 65.3 63.1 61.0 71.3 48.0 64.1 63.7 63.92014 67.9 63.5 57.8 49.9 57.3 60.2 67.4 60.7 59.9 54.2 50.3 58.2 55.4 65.7 63.0 60.2 70.4 48.6 63.6 63.5 63.72015 66.3 63.7 60.3 38.4 57.3 60.1 66.6 60.7 58.5 57.7 53.1 57.5 53.1 64.2 62.7 59.4 70.3 49.3 62.9 63.0 63.22016 65.6 63.8 61.6 39.5 57.9 59.2 66.9 59.7 57.3 60.3 55.4 56.6 53.2 64.8 62.4 59.0 70.9 50.9 62.2 62.9 63.02017 65.5 64.0 61.3 38.0 57.9 58.7 67.3 59.6 58.1 60.5 55.5 58.2 52.4 64.2 62.1 59.6 70.4 52.7 59.7 62.9 63.02018 65.7 64.8 62.3 36.5 57.9 58.9 67.6 60.4 57.9 61.7 56.5 59.2 51.9 64.0 62.2 60.3 70.8 53.4 59.6 63.3 63.42019 65.7 65.8 63.3 36.4 57.4 59.6 66.4 61.1 58.5 61.9 56.2 60.3 51.5 64.5 62.3 60.8 71.1 54.8 60.1 63.6 63.72020 65.5 65.5 63.6 36.5 57.5 59.9 66.8 61.2 59.1 61.9 55.7 61.2 51.7 65.1 62.1 60.9 71.0 55.4 60.3 63.6 63.7

2011-2020 66.8 64.1 59.8 43.3 57.8 59.8 67.0 60.7 59.5 57.0 52.9 58.7 54.3 64.8 62.4 60.6 70.9 50.9 62.0 63.3 63.4

2021 65.5 65.4 63.9 36.6 57.3 59.9 66.9 60.9 59.5 62.0 55.4 61.7 51.6 65.3 61.7 60.9 70.8 55.3 60.6 63.6 63.7

1) Compensation per employee as percentage of GDP at factor cost per person employed. 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

73

Wage costs

32. Adjusted wage share; total economy; as percentage of GDP at current factor cost 1)


1960-1970 : : 67.6 : : : : 66.6 : 65.4 : 68.9 : : : : : : 67.4

1971-1980 : : 70.3 : : : : 68.3 : 65.4 : 70.3 : : : : : : 66.7

1981-1990 : : 67.9 : : : : 62.8 : 62.5 : 67.0 : : : : : 71.7 65.3

1991 65.6

1991 : : 66.0 : : : 74.5 64.4 : 63.5 : 65.3 : : : : 93.4 68.0 65.91992 : : 65.1 : : 70.1 71.7 63.2 : 63.3 : 65.6 : : : : 88.5 68.5 66.01993 : 47.2 65.4 : : 68.5 69.1 60.8 : 61.9 : 65.3 : : : : 81.8 68.6 65.31994 : 49.6 63.1 : : 66.2 64.6 59.7 : 59.5 : 64.1 : : : : 69.0 69.1 64.61995 41.8 48.8 63.1 71.9 59.4 65.5 65.6 57.6 64.2 59.6 63.6 63.7 : : : : 60.0 68.7 64.41996 43.3 50.2 63.4 73.3 58.6 67.5 63.5 60.4 64.2 58.1 63.4 63.4 : : : : 63.0 67.8 63.91997 46.3 50.6 63.3 74.2 57.6 68.0 55.6 60.4 63.7 59.9 63.1 63.2 : : 73.4 : 65.9 68.7 64.01998 53.4 48.9 65.2 77.4 57.2 67.0 74.1 59.6 63.5 60.2 62.9 62.9 : : 74.2 : 64.7 68.6 65.01999 58.3 48.9 65.2 80.5 56.9 66.6 69.6 60.0 63.8 62.4 63.5 63.5 : : 73.5 : 67.8 68.3 64.92000 56.4 49.1 62.9 81.2 58.5 64.7 79.9 60.6 63.6 63.3 63.5 63.6 : : 70.3 : 61.9 66.7 65.9

1991-2000 : : 64.3 : : : 68.8 60.7 : 61.2 : 64.1 : : : : 71.6 68.3 65.0

2001 57.4 48.9 64.0 76.2 58.0 66.8 84.6 62.3 63.2 64.3 63.4 63.4 : : 67.5 : 59.7 66.0 65.82002 55.0 51.0 64.7 78.2 56.7 64.4 68.5 62.1 63.1 63.5 63.2 63.3 : : 72.7 : 57.3 64.4 64.82003 56.0 51.9 65.1 77.9 58.8 62.0 69.6 61.4 63.1 63.7 63.2 63.3 : : 72.4 : 57.2 63.6 64.22004 55.2 51.9 63.9 75.6 59.1 57.9 60.6 60.5 62.4 64.7 62.8 63.0 : : 62.6 : 52.6 62.6 63.82005 54.7 51.5 64.0 75.1 59.0 56.9 66.8 60.5 62.2 64.1 62.6 62.8 : : 59.2 : 50.4 62.9 62.82006 53.0 51.1 63.9 73.2 57.5 55.5 63.1 59.3 61.5 64.8 62.2 62.4 : : 62.1 : 48.4 62.7 62.72007 51.3 50.8 65.7 72.1 58.1 55.6 55.3 60.2 61.0 65.7 61.9 62.2 : : 56.2 : 48.1 62.1 63.02008 53.8 51.5 66.0 71.5 58.1 57.5 59.0 61.4 61.7 64.7 62.2 62.6 : : 58.7 : 47.5 63.5 63.12009 55.1 51.5 68.3 73.6 57.0 54.9 55.0 62.7 63.4 65.6 63.8 64.3 : : 63.2 : 50.3 64.1 61.92010 57.1 52.4 65.5 73.1 56.2 55.9 60.3 60.1 62.8 66.5 63.3 63.8 : : 60.6 : 50.8 62.6 60.9

2001-2010 54.9 51.2 65.1 74.7 57.8 58.7 64.3 61.0 62.4 64.7 62.9 63.1 : : 63.5 : 52.2 63.5 63.3

2011 54.7 52.9 65.1 71.6 56.0 54.7 54.9 60.5 62.5 66.1 63.0 63.5 : : 58.8 : 49.2 63.9 60.82012 56.9 53.9 64.1 70.7 57.4 54.1 54.3 62.8 63.1 65.5 63.5 64.1 : : 57.5 : 50.5 63.3 60.72013 61.7 53.6 64.1 68.6 55.6 53.8 52.1 63.4 63.2 65.9 63.6 64.2 : : 53.7 : 50.0 62.4 60.42014 63.3 52.0 63.8 66.8 54.3 53.9 53.3 62.7 63.0 65.3 63.3 63.9 : : 54.9 : 50.9 62.5 60.52015 63.5 51.3 64.1 66.6 53.4 53.4 50.7 61.3 62.4 65.0 62.9 63.5 : : 53.6 : 51.7 61.3 60.92016 63.2 52.3 64.1 65.6 54.6 54.6 52.6 62.2 62.4 65.3 62.9 63.4 : : 55.0 : 56.7 62.1 60.92017 66.0 53.6 63.8 64.0 55.1 55.3 54.5 62.1 62.4 65.5 62.9 63.4 : : 54.1 : 53.2 61.9 61.02018 66.9 55.4 65.1 64.1 54.9 56.7 57.9 62.6 62.9 65.9 63.4 63.8 : : 51.0 : 52.8 62.8 60.72019 66.7 55.9 65.0 63.5 55.3 57.2 58.7 62.3 63.1 67.0 63.7 64.2 : : 54.3 : 52.9 63.1 60.92020 67.0 56.3 65.1 62.3 55.4 58.3 59.3 62.5 63.2 67.4 63.9 64.3 : : 54.6 : 52.6 63.4 61.0

2011-2020 63.0 53.7 64.4 66.4 55.2 55.2 54.8 62.2 62.8 65.9 63.3 63.8 : : 54.8 : 52.1 62.7 60.8

2021 66.9 56.8 65.1 61.2 55.7 58.8 59.0 62.8 63.2 67.8 63.9 64.4 : : 54.1 : 52.4 63.3 60.9

1) Compensation per employee as percentage of GDP at factor cost per person employed. 2) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

74

Wage costs

33. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(National currency; 2015 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU NL MT AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 2) 3) 4)

1960 14.5 22.8 : 7.8 1.5 3.0 11.0 3.6 : : : 11.5 14.7 : 19.2 1.9 : : 7.8 : 10.0

1965 16.8 27.9 : 9.7 1.5 4.2 13.6 4.6 : : : 13.7 20.5 : 23.7 2.2 : : 10.5 : 12.5

1970 20.1 34.2 : 13.2 1.6 5.8 16.8 5.1 : : : 16.5 27.6 : 26.5 3.0 : : 12.9 : 15.3

1975 34.6 48.7 : 25.3 2.6 10.8 27.2 10.1 : : : 29.2 46.0 : 41.2 6.4 : : 25.2 : 25.0

1980 46.9 58.7 : 50.0 5.7 24.8 44.1 21.8 : : : 39.4 60.5 : 52.0 11.9 : : 37.2 : 38.7

1985 59.0 65.2 : 75.3 16.7 38.8 65.3 42.0 : : : 48.8 64.1 : 61.9 27.2 : : 55.9 : 54.5

1990 65.3 71.3 : 83.5 35.3 55.3 71.2 56.4 : : : 51.1 65.6 : 68.7 46.8 : : 73.0 : 64.7

1991 69.1 73.9 : 85.3 38.8 60.0 73.2 61.1 : : : 51.5 68.0 61.5 71.7 54.3 : : 78.0 : 68.11992 71.5 78.9 : 89.3 43.6 65.2 74.4 63.6 : 9.8 : 55.4 70.9 63.5 74.9 61.5 : : 76.8 : 71.51993 75.1 81.8 16.3 93.1 49.1 68.7 75.7 64.9 : 24.6 16.6 57.2 72.4 67.6 77.5 65.1 : : 73.3 : 73.71994 75.6 82.3 25.0 92.7 54.4 69.3 75.1 65.1 : 35.5 29.1 58.8 72.4 68.3 78.8 66.8 : : 71.7 : 74.01995 75.8 84.2 32.0 90.5 60.7 71.2 75.8 66.1 71.5 34.9 46.3 60.3 72.6 72.3 79.1 71.5 49.1 52.0 72.9 75.0 75.41996 76.4 84.4 38.3 91.0 64.2 72.6 76.5 69.8 74.3 42.6 59.1 62.7 73.0 72.2 78.7 74.5 53.0 56.2 73.3 76.2 76.61997 76.4 83.4 40.7 91.3 69.6 74.6 76.4 71.6 76.8 43.4 67.5 62.5 73.7 72.5 78.3 77.4 55.6 61.3 72.3 76.7 77.01998 77.3 83.5 43.4 96.9 74.0 76.3 76.3 70.2 75.7 44.3 72.0 62.2 74.9 72.2 78.4 80.4 58.5 64.4 73.2 76.9 77.21999 78.3 84.2 45.3 98.0 76.5 77.9 76.9 71.3 76.7 46.0 73.0 62.8 76.3 72.4 78.3 82.6 61.1 67.0 74.0 77.9 78.22000 78.5 85.0 46.4 101.0 77.7 80.1 77.7 71.4 78.0 46.1 67.1 64.5 78.7 71.7 78.2 86.2 65.9 73.6 74.1 78.8 79.1

2001 81.6 85.0 48.4 106.8 79.1 81.8 79.4 73.3 79.5 45.8 64.9 68.6 80.7 76.2 78.9 89.6 71.7 75.7 76.1 80.2 80.52002 83.8 85.8 49.9 107.6 86.3 84.4 81.6 76.3 82.1 45.3 66.1 70.7 84.5 76.8 79.2 92.5 76.2 78.9 77.0 82.3 82.62003 84.5 87.0 52.7 113.3 89.0 86.3 83.3 80.0 89.4 47.2 66.6 71.8 86.7 79.4 80.3 95.4 79.6 81.6 77.2 84.3 84.62004 83.8 86.5 55.2 115.4 90.6 89.2 83.9 82.1 90.4 50.1 69.2 73.7 86.7 81.6 80.3 96.1 82.4 83.4 77.3 85.1 85.32005 84.6 86.1 57.0 120.6 98.6 92.0 85.6 83.8 95.3 57.7 73.7 76.2 86.6 80.7 81.1 99.3 83.7 86.5 78.9 86.4 86.62006 86.4 84.4 62.6 125.4 98.0 95.3 87.1 85.9 96.6 66.8 82.6 78.4 86.9 84.0 82.2 99.9 84.7 87.9 79.8 87.3 87.42007 87.7 84.2 73.3 131.4 100.5 98.8 88.5 87.6 97.8 85.0 86.6 78.6 88.8 85.6 83.1 100.9 86.9 88.0 79.9 88.6 88.72008 92.1 86.5 85.1 142.0 105.9 104.9 91.0 91.3 100.8 102.6 94.9 85.8 92.0 88.4 86.2 103.6 92.2 91.8 84.5 92.1 92.12009 94.9 92.2 86.6 136.3 113.4 106.2 94.1 95.8 108.6 91.3 93.3 92.2 97.0 93.3 90.6 106.5 99.9 97.7 91.5 96.3 96.32010 94.2 91.1 82.3 125.1 114.6 105.2 95.0 95.9 108.0 83.4 86.9 91.2 96.0 93.5 90.6 105.3 100.3 95.9 90.0 95.7 95.8

2011 96.8 91.3 83.2 122.5 113.0 103.5 95.8 96.4 110.3 81.5 87.5 93.3 97.4 98.2 91.2 103.1 99.3 96.8 92.2 96.1 96.12012 99.5 94.4 86.7 122.8 110.8 100.9 97.9 98.4 112.1 85.4 89.4 97.6 100.0 101.4 94.0 99.8 100.1 97.4 96.9 97.9 98.02013 101.2 96.6 91.6 124.3 103.2 100.2 99.1 99.0 107.3 90.0 92.2 98.1 100.8 102.7 96.4 101.3 100.5 98.4 98.4 99.0 99.02014 101.0 98.1 95.5 118.0 101.3 100.1 99.7 99.2 103.2 94.5 95.1 99.9 100.9 101.0 98.5 100.1 99.4 99.1 99.2 99.6 99.62015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 100.3 101.3 103.3 102.2 99.7 99.2 100.7 100.2 97.1 105.1 106.1 99.3 101.1 101.6 101.6 100.8 101.8 102.5 98.8 100.7 100.62017 101.8 102.8 107.3 99.8 100.3 99.8 101.3 100.0 99.0 108.9 110.6 103.9 101.4 102.2 102.4 102.9 103.0 107.1 95.8 101.4 101.32018 103.7 105.6 114.3 97.2 101.4 101.0 102.3 102.2 99.6 114.7 116.5 107.9 103.2 103.2 104.7 105.3 106.1 110.9 97.4 103.3 103.22019 105.5 109.4 119.7 97.6 102.1 103.7 101.9 103.8 102.6 118.3 120.3 112.5 105.8 104.7 107.1 107.7 109.7 116.7 100.0 105.4 105.22020 107.4 111.2 124.0 99.4 103.1 105.4 102.8 104.6 105.3 121.1 122.8 116.3 108.5 107.1 108.5 109.5 112.3 120.2 102.3 106.9 106.7

2021 109.4 113.0 128.0 101.3 104.6 107.0 104.1 105.2 107.9 123.7 124.7 119.6 110.1 108.9 109.7 111.2 114.7 123.1 104.8 108.4 108.2

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) Weighted in common currency 4) Weighted in common currency; Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

75

Wage costs

33. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(National currency; 2015 = 100)


1960 : : 8.2 : : : : 8.2 : 5.7 : 9.1 : : : : : : 17.7

1965 : : 11.3 : : : : 10.2 : 6.8 : 11.3 : : : : : : 18.2

1970 : : 15.8 : : : : 12.7 : 8.6 : 13.9 : : : : : : 23.1

1975 : : 27.3 : : : : 19.5 : 17.5 : 23.4 : : : : : : 30.8

1980 : : 40.3 : : : : 32.9 : 31.7 : 37.1 : : : : : 120.6 44.0

1985 : : 54.2 : : : : 45.1 : 41.5 : 51.6 : : : : : 122.3 55.1

1990 : : 66.2 : : : 0.0 64.7 : 57.1 : 63.2 : : : : 0.1 123.4 65.4

1991 : : 67.4 : : : 0.1 68.7 : 61.5 : 66.7 : : : : 0.2 127.9 67.81992 : : 68.2 : : 24.5 0.3 70.1 : 63.3 : 69.7 : : : : 0.3 129.9 69.41993 : 41.8 68.5 : : 30.5 0.8 70.2 : 63.8 : 71.6 : : : : 0.5 131.2 70.51994 : 49.4 66.8 : : 40.3 1.9 71.1 : 62.0 : 71.5 : : : : 0.9 132.1 71.01995 1.5 53.4 67.5 56.0 29.5 50.9 2.6 71.1 70.4 63.5 69.2 72.8 : : : : 1.4 130.6 72.41996 2.5 60.3 68.9 60.2 35.6 61.8 3.6 74.1 72.3 64.6 70.9 74.1 : : : : 2.6 128.1 73.31997 27.4 66.5 69.8 65.1 42.6 71.0 7.3 75.1 74.5 67.1 73.1 74.9 : : 80.4 : 5.0 130.2 74.71998 41.4 71.1 72.0 72.8 48.0 78.2 14.0 72.1 75.3 67.9 73.9 75.1 : : 82.8 : 8.6 129.3 76.81999 46.0 72.8 73.3 78.6 51.3 82.1 19.5 73.3 76.5 70.6 75.4 76.4 : : 83.7 : 13.8 126.7 77.92000 47.1 74.4 73.4 81.8 57.4 85.3 32.1 76.5 77.8 72.8 76.9 77.7 : : 84.3 : 18.5 122.6 80.8

2001 51.1 78.2 76.5 79.9 64.2 90.6 46.9 80.4 79.7 74.9 78.8 79.3 : : 85.0 : 27.1 119.8 82.62002 51.2 83.4 79.0 84.8 68.2 88.3 46.5 81.2 81.7 75.7 80.6 81.1 : : 90.1 : 35.5 115.1 82.42003 52.2 86.0 80.8 88.3 73.7 85.6 57.8 81.8 83.7 77.7 82.6 83.1 : : 95.6 : 43.4 112.0 83.12004 53.4 88.3 80.7 89.7 77.9 84.4 58.6 81.1 84.4 80.9 83.8 84.3 : : 82.8 : 45.0 109.0 84.72005 56.0 87.8 82.7 92.3 80.4 85.0 71.1 81.6 85.8 82.6 85.2 85.6 : : 81.3 : 46.0 108.3 86.02006 57.6 88.2 84.2 93.6 82.0 84.3 74.7 81.8 86.6 85.9 86.5 86.9 : : 89.2 : 48.4 106.9 88.42007 62.8 90.5 88.6 96.5 86.3 87.1 75.9 85.3 88.2 89.2 88.4 88.7 : : 83.7 : 51.7 105.2 91.22008 70.8 93.8 93.6 101.5 90.4 93.9 94.7 89.6 92.1 90.7 91.9 91.8 : : 92.6 : 57.5 106.5 93.22009 77.9 96.2 98.0 108.4 91.9 94.7 93.1 93.7 96.0 94.1 95.7 95.9 : : 100.5 : 64.2 107.0 92.22010 81.8 96.3 97.0 107.8 91.7 97.0 103.9 91.1 95.7 95.3 95.6 95.6 : : 98.1 : 68.1 102.4 91.7

2011 83.4 96.9 97.0 107.8 93.8 97.8 96.7 93.3 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 : : 98.2 : 71.5 102.8 93.52012 87.3 99.9 97.9 106.8 99.0 99.8 99.4 97.5 98.0 96.9 97.8 97.8 : : 97.9 : 79.1 100.9 95.22013 94.3 100.4 98.5 103.5 98.6 100.0 99.1 99.3 99.0 99.1 99.1 99.0 : : 96.2 : 82.6 99.2 96.22014 98.1 100.8 99.2 100.8 99.6 100.6 103.2 100.3 99.7 99.9 99.7 99.7 : : 99.8 : 91.6 100.3 98.12015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : 100.0 : 100.0 100.0 100.02016 102.4 103.1 100.6 98.2 104.0 102.5 108.5 102.0 101.0 102.7 101.3 101.1 : : 105.0 : 119.1 101.5 101.02017 111.3 106.8 101.7 96.4 108.6 104.7 119.1 104.2 102.0 105.0 102.5 102.1 : : 108.3 : 125.0 101.0 103.02018 118.3 113.5 104.0 97.8 112.4 108.1 133.6 107.4 104.3 107.8 104.9 104.1 : : 111.1 : 144.9 102.4 105.12019 123.8 117.8 105.7 98.8 118.0 112.4 145.3 109.8 106.6 111.8 107.5 106.5 : : 116.8 : 166.6 103.0 107.22020 128.2 121.4 107.9 99.7 122.5 117.5 153.3 111.8 108.5 114.7 109.5 108.3 : : 119.6 : 183.7 103.8 109.4

2021 131.1 124.7 110.1 100.5 126.8 122.3 159.2 114.2 110.2 117.5 111.4 110.0 : : 121.5 : 200.6 104.5 111.0

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) Weighted in common currency; EU excluding UK 3) Weighted in common currency 4) Weighted in common currency; Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

76

Wage costs

34. Real unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(2015 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU NL MT AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 2) 3) 4)

1960 93.3 102.7 : 183.2 152.8 113.5 110.4 123.3 : : : 93.4 97.8 : 117.1 124.6 : : 120.9 : 120.0

1965 92.9 105.0 : 180.7 126.4 118.5 111.6 119.5 : : : 99.0 106.0 : 117.0 126.3 : : 124.7 : 120.8

1970 92.5 106.8 : 181.7 115.2 118.0 109.6 113.2 : : : 89.8 110.5 : 111.0 142.2 : : 113.0 : 119.3

1975 106.8 112.0 : 190.0 103.6 123.1 114.5 122.5 : : : 116.5 118.4 : 120.1 171.7 : : 122.4 : 125.2

1980 110.5 111.3 : 189.1 107.3 122.8 114.3 117.6 : : : 114.9 115.5 : 117.1 130.7 : : 114.6 : 121.6

1985 105.6 106.0 : 169.6 115.8 111.9 109.3 115.0 : : : 104.3 105.2 : 110.8 113.2 : : 114.2 : 114.1

1990 101.5 102.7 : 160.5 111.0 111.7 101.1 109.3 : : : 99.6 104.5 110.9 108.4 107.8 : : 113.1 : 107.6

1991 104.4 103.2 : 161.2 101.9 113.4 101.4 109.8 : : : 98.7 105.1 112.5 109.1 112.8 : : 118.9 : 108.01992 104.6 104.6 : 164.0 99.7 115.5 101.0 109.3 : 69.2 : 102.3 106.9 112.2 110.1 117.1 : : 116.0 : 108.71993 105.5 104.5 96.9 162.6 98.0 116.5 101.2 107.4 : 105.0 81.8 99.7 107.4 116.1 110.9 117.7 : : 108.9 : 108.21994 104.1 103.0 106.6 159.3 97.7 113.0 99.5 103.8 : 111.1 88.6 99.0 105.3 113.4 109.9 113.1 : : 104.4 : 105.91995 103.1 103.3 103.8 151.2 99.4 110.7 99.3 100.2 106.0 95.0 96.3 99.2 103.5 114.6 108.4 114.6 110.7 95.9 101.9 104.8 104.81996 103.4 103.0 101.4 148.6 97.6 109.1 98.9 101.3 107.3 102.9 103.3 98.6 102.9 113.1 106.8 116.6 107.1 99.1 102.5 104.4 104.31997 102.6 101.4 98.1 143.6 99.3 109.5 98.0 101.3 108.5 99.2 105.9 99.3 101.3 112.1 104.9 116.7 103.8 103.1 99.1 103.2 103.11998 102.0 100.9 97.9 143.0 100.5 109.3 96.8 97.0 104.8 96.6 109.3 100.9 100.8 108.9 104.6 116.7 101.5 103.3 97.3 101.9 101.91999 102.7 101.4 95.7 138.6 100.3 108.7 97.4 97.0 103.8 98.8 112.3 96.3 101.4 107.5 104.2 116.0 99.6 100.3 97.5 102.0 102.02000 101.0 102.8 94.6 133.6 100.2 108.2 97.0 95.5 102.8 95.5 101.9 96.7 101.1 104.3 102.7 117.0 101.8 100.6 96.1 101.8 101.7

2001 102.9 101.5 92.4 132.1 98.6 106.2 97.1 95.2 101.1 92.9 98.8 102.5 99.5 108.1 101.7 117.3 101.9 98.5 95.4 101.0 100.92002 103.9 101.1 90.9 126.5 104.1 105.2 97.8 96.0 104.0 87.4 100.3 103.8 100.4 106.1 100.9 116.1 100.7 98.7 95.6 101.0 100.92003 102.9 101.1 92.4 128.2 103.8 103.6 98.0 97.5 107.5 86.7 101.9 102.7 100.8 106.5 101.0 115.8 99.5 96.9 95.8 101.0 101.02004 100.2 99.5 92.4 129.9 102.5 103.0 97.1 97.4 105.8 86.3 103.2 102.4 99.6 107.9 99.2 113.9 99.6 93.7 95.2 99.8 99.82005 99.0 98.6 90.1 131.7 109.1 102.0 97.2 97.5 109.3 89.3 102.8 101.6 97.6 104.4 97.7 114.0 99.8 94.7 96.4 99.4 99.32006 98.9 96.3 90.7 132.3 104.7 101.7 96.9 97.8 107.5 92.0 107.9 97.6 95.4 105.7 97.2 111.2 98.8 93.6 96.6 98.3 98.22007 98.5 94.4 94.5 137.0 103.9 102.0 95.9 97.3 104.5 97.4 104.1 96.5 95.5 104.9 96.1 109.0 97.2 92.7 94.2 97.3 97.32008 101.5 96.1 102.7 148.5 104.9 105.8 96.3 99.1 102.9 105.3 104.1 101.4 96.7 105.1 97.8 110.0 98.8 94.0 96.6 99.1 99.12009 104.0 100.6 104.8 149.3 109.6 106.9 99.6 102.3 110.6 103.7 105.8 107.4 101.9 108.1 100.9 111.8 103.5 101.1 102.8 102.6 102.52010 101.3 98.7 97.7 141.6 110.0 105.8 99.5 102.0 107.9 95.1 96.4 102.6 99.8 104.3 100.0 109.9 105.0 98.8 100.7 101.3 101.3

2011 102.3 98.0 93.7 136.6 107.6 104.1 99.4 100.9 108.5 87.3 92.1 100.2 101.1 107.2 98.9 107.8 102.9 98.1 100.6 100.7 100.72012 103.2 99.8 93.9 133.9 105.8 101.6 100.3 101.3 108.4 88.3 91.5 102.2 102.4 108.4 99.9 104.9 103.2 97.5 102.6 101.4 101.52013 103.6 100.1 95.3 133.8 100.9 100.5 100.8 100.8 104.7 91.6 93.2 101.0 101.9 107.7 100.8 104.1 101.9 98.0 101.6 101.4 101.42014 102.3 99.8 96.5 127.2 100.9 100.6 100.9 100.1 102.2 94.5 95.2 100.1 101.7 103.4 100.8 102.1 100.4 98.9 100.9 101.0 101.12015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 98.6 100.1 101.6 102.5 100.0 98.9 100.1 99.0 97.9 104.2 104.4 98.5 100.6 100.2 99.9 99.1 101.1 103.0 98.6 99.8 99.82017 98.4 100.6 101.8 99.0 99.9 98.1 100.3 98.2 98.1 104.9 104.4 101.3 99.7 98.4 99.6 99.6 100.7 106.4 94.9 99.6 99.52018 98.7 101.8 103.7 95.7 100.5 98.2 100.5 99.5 97.3 106.3 106.4 102.7 99.2 97.4 100.1 100.4 101.4 107.9 94.5 100.1 100.02019 98.9 103.3 105.1 95.3 100.4 99.5 98.8 100.5 98.8 106.3 106.1 104.8 99.4 96.7 100.6 101.2 102.1 110.9 95.6 100.5 100.42020 98.7 102.9 105.8 95.6 100.5 99.8 98.5 100.4 100.0 106.3 104.8 106.3 100.3 97.0 100.2 101.4 102.1 111.6 96.1 100.4 100.3

2021 98.6 102.8 106.2 96.0 100.3 99.8 98.5 99.8 100.8 106.3 104.0 107.1 100.7 96.7 99.6 101.3 101.9 111.8 96.6 100.3 100.2

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to nominal GDP per person employed. 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) Weighted in common currency 4) Weighted in common currency; Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

77

Wage costs

34. Real unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(2015 = 100)


1960 : : 104.0 : : : : 106.0 : 113.5 : 118.5 : : : : : : 111.1

1965 : : 109.0 : : : : 108.1 : 112.6 : 117.9 : : : : : : 106.9

1970 : : 110.5 : : : : 108.3 : 107.1 : 115.6 : : : : : : 111.7

1975 : : 113.6 : : : : 107.7 : 117.6 : 122.1 : : : : : : 108.0

1980 : : 111.3 : : : : 112.6 : 105.2 : 117.8 : : : : : 127.7 109.1

1985 : : 103.4 : : : : 102.9 : 97.0 : 110.2 : : : : : 119.2 105.7

1990 : : 105.2 : : : 184.9 105.3 : 98.2 : 105.6 : : : : 159.3 112.8 107.5

1991 : : 104.3 : : : 162.8 103.1 : 99.2 : 106.1 : : : : 191.6 113.9 107.91992 : : 103.8 : : 133.3 166.1 103.8 : 99.0 : 106.6 : : : : 182.0 113.9 108.01993 : 90.8 103.7 : : 126.8 148.0 101.2 : 97.1 : 105.9 : : : : 167.0 114.5 107.11994 : 96.3 99.5 : : 122.1 137.9 99.9 : 93.2 : 103.2 : : : : 142.4 115.2 105.71995 69.2 95.3 99.3 108.3 111.9 120.7 139.2 96.2 108.5 93.1 105.8 102.2 : : : : 121.9 114.5 105.41996 71.3 97.9 99.4 112.2 111.1 124.2 135.8 99.3 107.9 91.0 105.0 101.6 : : : : 127.5 112.8 104.91997 76.0 99.6 98.6 113.4 110.4 125.5 117.2 99.1 106.2 93.5 103.9 101.0 : : 134.6 : 131.9 114.1 105.01998 86.0 96.9 100.5 117.2 109.3 124.5 150.5 94.4 104.9 93.7 102.9 99.9 : : 136.7 : 130.3 113.4 106.81999 92.8 96.4 100.7 122.0 108.1 123.1 140.5 95.1 105.0 96.6 103.6 100.6 : : 134.6 : 135.4 112.6 106.82000 88.6 96.8 97.9 121.5 110.4 120.5 161.7 97.9 104.8 97.8 103.7 100.7 : : 125.2 : 121.2 110.5 108.4

2001 90.5 96.9 99.5 114.0 111.1 124.2 171.1 100.3 104.3 99.7 103.6 100.6 : : 120.7 : 116.4 109.1 108.42002 87.5 100.7 100.4 116.8 109.1 118.8 138.1 99.8 103.3 98.6 102.5 100.4 : : 126.7 : 110.9 106.4 106.42003 87.2 102.7 101.2 116.8 112.0 114.3 139.5 98.9 103.3 99.0 102.6 100.4 : : 132.2 : 109.9 105.3 105.42004 84.4 101.5 99.0 114.5 112.6 107.4 122.4 97.7 101.5 100.4 101.3 99.8 : : 114.7 : 101.1 103.6 104.62005 83.1 100.8 98.6 114.0 113.2 105.4 132.7 97.6 101.0 100.1 100.8 99.3 : : 107.4 : 96.6 104.0 103.02006 80.0 100.6 98.3 111.0 111.3 102.9 126.0 96.2 99.6 101.3 99.9 98.7 : : 114.1 : 92.9 103.5 102.82007 78.6 99.7 101.0 110.0 111.2 102.4 110.6 97.6 98.5 102.6 99.3 98.3 : : 102.3 : 93.5 102.7 103.32008 81.9 101.2 102.5 109.4 111.2 106.3 118.9 99.2 100.3 101.4 100.5 99.5 : : 107.4 : 92.8 105.0 103.52009 86.6 101.2 106.7 113.7 108.4 103.3 112.3 101.4 103.3 103.4 103.3 102.7 : : 116.2 : 98.3 106.1 101.62010 89.9 102.8 102.3 112.2 105.7 104.0 121.1 97.6 102.2 103.2 102.3 101.5 : : 111.1 : 97.5 103.5 99.9

2011 86.6 103.4 101.7 110.4 105.8 101.6 108.6 98.9 101.3 101.9 101.4 100.9 : : 107.3 : 94.6 105.7 99.82012 89.3 105.0 100.2 107.7 108.2 101.3 107.3 102.3 101.9 101.1 101.8 101.4 : : 105.8 : 97.3 104.5 99.72013 97.1 104.1 100.0 103.5 104.7 101.3 103.4 103.2 101.7 101.5 101.7 101.5 : : 99.6 : 95.7 103.1 99.02014 100.5 102.0 99.7 100.8 102.1 101.4 105.9 102.5 101.3 100.5 101.2 101.0 : : 101.8 : 98.8 102.4 99.22015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : 100.0 : 100.0 100.0 100.02016 99.9 101.8 99.9 98.2 103.0 102.2 105.9 100.5 99.9 100.6 100.0 100.0 : : 101.5 : 110.2 101.2 100.02017 104.4 103.9 99.5 95.4 103.7 102.5 111.0 100.4 99.7 100.9 99.9 99.8 : : 101.2 : 104.2 101.0 100.12018 106.7 107.8 101.2 95.1 102.7 104.6 117.6 101.3 100.3 101.6 100.5 100.4 : : 99.5 : 103.7 102.5 99.62019 106.9 109.0 101.4 94.3 103.5 105.8 119.2 101.1 100.7 103.4 101.1 101.0 : : 102.5 : 104.9 102.6 100.02020 107.4 109.7 101.7 92.9 103.6 107.3 120.4 101.4 100.6 104.0 101.1 101.0 : : 103.2 : 104.3 102.9 100.2

2021 107.0 110.8 101.8 91.4 104.1 108.4 119.8 101.9 100.5 104.5 101.1 101.1 : : 102.5 : 103.8 102.8 100.0

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to nominal GDP per person employed. 2) Weighted in common currency; EU excluding UK 3) Weighted in common currency 4) Weighted in common currency; Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

78

Wage costs

35. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)Performance relative to the rest of 37 industrial countries; double export weights

(USD; 2015 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 2) 3)

1995 108.7 127.7 49.6 124.5 97.5 101.6 106.4 82.5 102.2 54.0 44.9 86.9 92.8 103.4 113.9 99.8 105.8 58.5 107.5 116.21996 105.8 122.6 55.9 126.4 100.6 102.7 105.9 94.1 107.1 62.4 57.3 87.3 89.7 100.3 109.2 103.2 99.9 60.4 103.0 116.41997 99.6 112.6 55.8 126.8 103.8 98.8 99.9 95.0 105.0 64.5 71.2 82.3 90.0 95.8 104.0 103.1 98.0 65.8 96.5 104.31998 100.2 111.8 59.2 126.9 101.6 99.9 99.4 91.6 100.3 64.9 75.9 81.4 89.9 96.7 103.3 104.9 99.3 65.6 96.0 102.91999 98.7 109.2 60.1 122.4 103.2 98.8 96.8 89.8 97.4 68.7 78.3 80.4 87.5 96.0 101.1 104.9 97.1 60.0 93.7 98.42000 93.8 102.7 58.3 116.6 95.9 96.4 91.8 84.3 93.6 72.6 78.9 79.3 83.7 94.4 96.3 104.3 95.2 65.7 87.6 88.1

2001 96.2 100.6 60.3 121.8 95.6 96.9 92.5 85.4 94.4 71.1 77.3 83.0 88.1 95.6 95.5 106.7 96.5 64.6 89.1 88.72002 98.0 101.2 61.5 123.5 104.3 99.1 94.9 89.1 96.8 67.0 81.3 84.4 88.7 99.2 94.7 108.8 97.3 66.6 90.2 92.82003 101.1 106.3 65.9 136.8 109.2 103.2 99.7 96.5 106.9 64.4 83.9 86.3 93.0 103.6 97.2 113.7 98.4 71.1 93.5 103.72004 100.4 106.1 69.1 140.8 111.0 106.6 100.6 99.7 106.9 65.5 87.4 88.2 96.4 103.5 97.3 113.8 99.4 75.6 94.1 106.02005 99.7 103.1 69.8 145.1 117.5 107.7 100.8 99.5 110.8 70.4 90.6 89.8 93.6 101.8 96.4 115.5 98.5 79.4 94.5 104.22006 101.0 99.6 75.0 148.9 115.3 110.4 101.6 101.1 111.1 79.7 99.2 91.3 97.1 101.1 97.2 114.3 98.7 83.0 94.5 103.72007 101.7 98.5 85.7 156.3 116.3 113.6 102.5 102.4 109.4 98.2 100.3 90.4 100.2 102.4 97.4 113.9 99.5 90.0 93.6 105.32008 105.1 98.8 95.3 170.3 119.1 118.8 103.7 104.5 111.2 113.4 104.7 96.4 102.7 104.3 97.9 114.2 101.6 97.7 96.8 109.62009 105.3 103.6 96.3 160.1 124.6 117.3 104.4 107.1 117.0 99.4 102.8 101.1 104.3 107.5 100.1 114.6 107.5 106.6 102.9 115.52010 102.2 98.7 90.0 142.2 122.2 113.5 102.6 103.8 113.1 89.3 94.3 98.2 101.0 104.1 97.8 111.6 106.1 102.3 97.7 106.1

2011 104.5 98.0 89.4 138.7 120.7 111.1 102.9 103.8 115.3 86.8 94.4 99.7 105.5 105.0 97.7 109.2 104.7 102.7 98.8 105.72012 103.1 97.2 88.9 131.6 113.2 104.3 100.8 101.6 113.6 88.6 92.7 100.4 105.0 103.7 97.2 102.9 102.4 100.3 98.9 101.42013 105.9 101.5 93.6 135.5 107.0 104.6 104.0 104.0 112.1 92.9 95.6 101.3 107.9 105.1 100.3 105.2 103.0 101.3 102.0 107.72014 105.1 103.0 97.6 127.3 105.1 104.1 104.4 103.9 107.4 97.0 98.0 102.7 105.8 104.6 102.2 103.4 101.7 101.5 103.2 108.52015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 100.1 101.0 102.7 102.5 98.8 99.0 100.3 99.6 96.6 104.2 105.5 98.9 100.5 101.1 100.9 100.9 101.0 102.0 98.1 100.92017 101.9 102.9 106.6 100.6 99.9 99.8 101.2 99.7 99.1 107.4 109.5 103.2 101.5 101.4 101.2 103.0 101.6 105.8 95.2 103.12018 103.1 105.7 112.7 98.3 100.9 100.5 102.0 101.9 99.6 111.8 114.1 106.2 102.9 102.3 102.4 104.7 103.1 107.7 96.7 106.62019 101.7 105.8 115.1 94.3 98.3 100.1 97.8 99.8 99.4 112.0 114.3 107.7 99.8 101.7 101.2 103.9 103.5 110.0 96.0 104.02020 101.2 104.8 116.9 93.6 96.7 99.5 96.3 98.1 99.8 111.9 113.9 109.1 99.6 102.1 100.2 103.5 103.8 110.8 96.1 102.3

2021 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) 1960-1992 including LU 3) Euro area relative to 18 industrial countries (BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK TR CH NO US CA MX JP AU NZ)

79

Wage costs

35. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)Performance relative to the rest of 37 industrial countries; double export weights

(USD; 2015 = 100)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK EU-28 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 2)

1995 47.6 57.0 94.8 88.4 75.9 93.3 60.9 101.1 75.3 99.9 : : : : 101.2 221.7 85.31996 30.0 63.5 94.5 91.0 76.5 103.3 56.7 114.0 76.9 103.0 : : : : 107.5 186.5 89.21997 36.9 66.1 91.3 96.2 82.4 107.5 53.6 109.0 91.4 97.3 : : : : 117.3 176.2 95.01998 53.4 69.7 94.2 104.0 81.0 112.4 83.3 101.1 94.8 98.5 : : : : 118.5 161.9 101.21999 58.0 68.8 93.1 103.0 80.5 105.8 68.9 99.4 97.1 93.2 : : : : 120.8 182.8 99.72000 57.0 69.9 87.3 102.5 83.8 111.2 89.1 101.5 101.2 83.4 : : : : 117.3 191.8 105.8

2001 62.2 75.4 90.3 100.6 93.4 127.3 99.0 95.7 100.4 85.1 : : : : 90.7 166.3 111.02002 61.5 88.2 93.2 106.1 104.1 116.1 80.4 97.4 100.6 90.7 : : : : 89.3 149.7 108.02003 62.9 88.8 97.9 107.9 108.7 98.9 83.5 102.4 97.1 102.6 : : : : 93.9 142.9 97.32004 64.3 90.9 98.3 110.2 115.8 94.4 78.0 102.6 104.7 109.1 : : : : 93.1 139.0 91.82005 64.8 94.9 98.9 112.6 118.6 105.2 103.6 99.1 104.1 108.4 : : : : 98.5 132.7 89.82006 66.1 99.6 99.7 114.2 112.6 106.8 110.9 98.2 107.7 110.2 : : : : 95.2 120.6 90.12007 70.8 102.7 103.7 116.0 122.8 111.5 116.8 101.4 111.3 116.2 : : : : 101.6 108.6 86.22008 77.0 114.6 107.6 119.9 123.8 125.9 127.8 100.3 94.9 118.2 : : : : 103.9 118.6 81.42009 83.2 108.5 111.1 122.1 110.7 100.3 106.1 92.6 84.8 114.5 : : : : 99.7 135.2 82.52010 84.6 111.8 106.0 120.0 110.0 109.4 116.7 96.9 86.9 105.1 : : : : 111.5 137.0 79.8

2011 87.1 115.1 104.2 117.1 110.9 106.3 108.0 103.7 85.9 104.6 : : : : 99.6 143.4 76.02012 88.4 112.1 100.1 110.7 109.3 102.9 101.7 107.2 88.8 99.4 : : : : 106.6 142.5 79.12013 96.8 109.1 101.9 107.0 106.3 102.9 102.7 111.3 88.2 107.7 : : : : 103.6 112.7 81.12014 100.7 102.6 102.8 103.2 102.6 103.4 106.2 106.9 94.1 110.5 : : : : 99.4 104.9 84.72015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : : : 100.0 100.0 100.02016 101.0 103.5 100.4 98.2 102.5 97.6 106.6 100.9 90.0 97.6 : : : : 107.4 113.7 103.12017 110.2 109.6 101.8 97.1 107.1 101.9 115.0 101.4 86.0 100.7 : : : : 91.2 107.4 103.62018 116.7 118.1 103.8 98.0 105.8 103.8 125.6 97.7 87.8 106.8 : : : : 76.5 106.9 101.22019 118.6 118.4 102.1 96.0 105.4 103.7 130.2 93.2 88.0 103.2 : : : : 75.1 109.8 103.02020 119.7 119.2 102.0 94.7 104.7 106.2 134.2 91.2 88.6 101.4 : : : : 79.7 109.8 102.5

2021 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) EU-28 relative to 9 industrial countries (TR CH NO US CA MX JP AU NZ)

80

Foreign trade and current balance

36. Exports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 33.0 19.2 : 28.2 9.9 8.1 14.8 13.0 46.7 : : 85.8 76.4 46.1 21.4 15.4 : : 21.2 : 18.8

1965 36.7 18.2 : 30.8 7.7 7.9 13.6 14.4 49.2 : : 79.8 70.2 41.4 22.1 17.9 : : 19.1 : 18.0

1970 44.3 21.4 : 32.7 7.9 12.0 16.0 15.3 54.2 : : 87.9 64.7 43.1 27.4 18.5 : : 24.2 : 20.8

1975 46.0 24.2 : 37.8 14.1 12.3 18.8 18.9 50.8 : : 91.5 107.9 47.5 28.1 15.1 : : 22.2 : 23.6

1980 50.1 26.3 : 43.8 19.3 14.3 21.0 20.4 64.7 : : 87.6 118.6 50.4 31.7 21.1 : : 30.8 : 26.1

1985 62.5 32.4 : 53.3 16.1 20.9 23.3 21.3 69.7 : : 107.5 94.5 59.9 34.9 29.2 : : 28.0 : 29.9

1990 61.6 32.3 : 54.6 14.8 15.7 21.0 18.5 73.7 35.0 38.7 97.8 111.1 54.4 35.7 28.7 79.8 24.6 22.1 : 27.4

1991 33.5 27.5

1991 60.2 23.7 : 55.5 14.2 15.8 21.3 17.2 67.4 25.9 22.1 97.7 113.4 55.1 34.6 25.4 73.5 42.9 21.3 : 24.61992 58.8 22.2 : 58.3 14.9 16.2 21.3 17.6 71.2 58.6 17.4 96.7 119.8 53.4 33.2 23.4 55.5 65.1 25.5 : 24.31993 56.1 20.3 64.2 63.3 14.0 17.7 20.8 20.5 67.7 53.7 61.4 97.0 124.3 52.6 31.5 23.0 51.7 52.5 31.4 24.7 24.41994 58.4 21.1 69.2 67.9 14.4 20.3 21.7 21.9 68.0 34.1 41.2 100.2 126.0 54.7 32.2 24.6 52.7 55.3 34.0 26.1 25.81995 60.1 22.0 66.0 73.4 14.4 21.8 22.6 24.7 66.8 34.7 37.1 102.5 122.3 57.2 33.5 26.8 45.4 53.9 35.8 27.7 27.41996 61.2 22.9 61.4 74.8 14.3 23.0 23.1 23.7 70.2 40.6 41.9 106.5 114.1 57.4 34.2 26.5 46.1 49.3 36.3 28.1 27.81997 64.8 25.4 70.5 77.2 16.2 25.7 25.5 24.1 69.2 39.8 45.0 115.8 110.6 60.4 37.0 27.2 47.6 53.6 37.8 30.4 30.11998 64.2 26.4 73.7 84.4 16.3 26.1 26.1 24.1 68.7 39.3 39.1 126.2 110.3 59.3 38.4 27.3 47.5 45.5 37.4 31.0 30.71999 64.6 27.0 69.8 86.6 19.3 26.4 26.1 23.2 66.9 35.1 32.4 130.8 112.4 59.9 39.4 26.5 44.1 46.3 37.6 31.3 31.12000 72.5 30.8 61.5 94.5 23.7 28.6 28.6 25.6 70.0 36.9 38.5 148.5 119.3 66.0 43.3 28.2 50.1 53.2 42.0 35.1 34.8

2001 71.6 31.8 61.2 95.3 22.8 27.9 28.3 25.6 68.2 38.1 44.0 147.4 108.5 63.3 44.6 27.4 51.7 57.1 39.8 35.1 34.82002 70.8 32.6 57.9 90.5 20.1 26.6 27.5 24.4 62.4 36.6 47.3 142.0 111.6 60.1 45.3 27.1 52.3 57.0 39.1 34.5 34.22003 69.0 32.8 57.1 80.9 18.5 25.6 26.1 23.3 57.8 36.2 46.2 138.9 107.7 59.3 44.6 27.4 51.0 62.3 37.3 33.6 33.32004 70.9 35.7 61.1 80.5 20.7 25.4 26.5 24.0 56.9 39.1 47.3 153.0 103.5 62.7 46.9 27.7 55.1 69.0 38.6 35.1 34.82005 74.3 38.1 65.5 79.6 21.3 25.0 27.0 24.6 55.7 43.2 53.8 161.7 104.4 65.6 48.6 27.1 59.8 72.3 40.3 36.5 36.12006 76.8 41.4 63.3 79.0 21.2 25.2 27.9 26.2 53.4 40.0 55.6 176.2 123.5 68.2 50.8 30.4 64.9 81.2 43.1 38.5 38.02007 78.3 43.3 62.6 80.8 22.5 26.0 27.9 27.4 53.3 38.5 50.4 182.9 129.5 68.8 52.6 31.2 67.9 83.4 43.8 39.7 39.22008 80.9 43.8 66.3 84.1 23.4 25.6 28.1 26.9 50.1 39.5 57.1 187.1 148.5 69.8 53.2 31.3 66.3 80.1 44.9 40.1 39.52009 68.8 38.1 60.5 93.2 19.0 23.1 24.8 22.4 48.7 42.5 51.9 164.1 147.7 62.2 45.2 27.3 57.3 68.0 36.1 35.2 34.62010 75.9 42.6 74.4 103.0 22.1 26.0 26.8 25.1 50.4 53.6 64.1 174.5 153.3 69.8 51.3 30.1 64.3 77.3 38.4 39.2 38.5

2011 80.7 45.1 85.8 103.8 25.5 29.5 28.4 26.9 53.5 57.8 73.1 178.0 160.5 75.5 53.9 34.5 70.2 85.0 38.9 42.0 41.32012 80.4 46.3 85.6 104.5 28.7 31.5 29.2 28.4 55.3 61.2 78.4 186.4 165.2 79.5 54.0 37.8 72.9 91.0 38.8 43.7 42.92013 79.3 45.4 84.0 103.7 30.4 33.0 29.4 28.6 61.4 60.3 78.8 190.6 157.0 79.9 53.4 39.6 74.2 93.6 38.0 43.9 43.02014 79.8 45.6 81.3 110.0 32.4 33.5 29.7 29.1 66.1 61.2 72.3 212.6 148.8 80.6 53.4 40.2 76.2 91.5 36.5 44.6 43.82015 77.8 46.8 76.9 122.0 31.6 33.6 30.6 29.7 70.3 60.7 68.8 221.2 153.8 82.7 53.1 40.6 77.1 92.0 35.4 46.1 45.32016 79.4 46.0 77.5 120.8 30.1 33.9 30.2 29.3 70.8 60.4 67.6 213.0 151.9 79.5 52.5 40.2 78.0 93.7 34.8 45.6 44.72017 82.3 47.4 76.1 121.0 33.0 35.2 30.8 30.8 73.0 62.1 73.6 217.6 149.8 83.4 54.0 42.7 83.2 95.1 37.7 47.3 46.42018 82.6 47.4 74.3 122.3 36.1 35.1 31.3 31.5 73.1 61.3 75.6 211.6 144.9 84.3 55.8 43.5 85.4 96.1 38.6 48.0 47.12019 81.6 46.9 71.9 127.8 37.5 35.0 31.5 32.1 69.3 60.2 77.4 209.8 140.8 83.5 55.7 43.9 88.1 94.5 38.8 48.2 47.32020 81.3 46.4 70.5 127.3 38.3 35.3 31.7 32.6 66.5 59.1 78.0 208.4 138.1 83.6 55.9 44.1 88.7 95.2 39.0 48.3 47.4

2021 81.2 46.2 69.8 127.0 38.9 35.6 32.1 33.1 65.3 58.4 78.4 208.2 135.7 83.9 56.0 44.3 89.2 96.7 39.2 48.6 47.7


81


36. Exports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 : : 31.7 : : : : 21.3 : 20.1 : 19.4 : : : : 3.9 10.5 5.0

1965 : : 28.8 : : : : 20.2 : 18.3 : 18.4 : : : : 3.9 10.3 5.0

1970 : : 27.2 : : : : 22.4 : 21.0 : 21.0 : : : : 3.7 10.6 5.6

1975 : : 29.4 : : : : 26.1 : 24.1 : 23.9 : : : : 4.3 12.5 8.2

1980 : : 32.5 : 34.3 27.3 20.9 27.7 : 24.8 : 26.0 : : : : 4.6 13.4 9.8

1985 : : 36.4 : 37.1 17.6 26.8 33.1 : 25.6 : 29.4 : : : : 13.9 14.1 7.0

1990 : 40.5 36.4 : 27.4 25.9 15.5 28.3 : 21.2 : 26.6 : : : : 11.2 10.3 9.3

1991 26.5

1991 27.1 43.0 37.7 : 28.8 21.3 16.3 26.4 : 20.5 : 24.3 : : : : 11.7 9.9 9.71992 29.3 43.8 37.0 : 27.6 21.4 25.8 26.1 : 20.9 : 24.0 : : : : 12.2 9.8 9.71993 23.8 42.5 36.6 : 23.2 20.8 21.4 30.5 : 22.6 : 24.5 : : : : 11.6 9.1 9.51994 28.1 38.1 36.9 : 25.4 21.4 23.1 33.6 : 23.8 : 25.9 : : : : 18.0 9.0 9.91995 32.3 40.4 36.6 27.6 39.2 23.0 25.6 37.2 28.3 25.6 27.9 27.6 : : 22.4 5.2 16.8 9.0 10.61996 48.5 38.3 37.1 30.7 41.9 22.1 26.5 36.1 28.6 26.2 28.3 28.0 11.6 : 19.1 11.2 18.2 9.5 10.71997 49.6 40.5 37.8 31.3 47.9 23.4 28.2 39.1 30.9 25.6 30.0 29.7 10.2 : 25.3 13.5 20.8 10.5 11.11998 41.9 42.2 37.2 29.5 52.9 26.0 23.0 40.1 31.5 24.2 30.3 30.0 11.5 : 27.9 18.7 20.6 10.5 10.51999 42.7 42.9 39.3 30.5 55.6 24.1 26.7 40.2 31.9 23.9 30.5 30.2 16.8 : 28.6 10.7 18.6 10.0 10.32000 36.2 48.2 44.8 36.5 66.9 27.2 21.6 43.2 35.7 25.2 33.7 33.4 20.1 30.2 32.9 8.8 19.4 10.6 10.7

2001 34.9 49.0 45.6 38.7 64.9 27.2 22.1 42.9 35.7 25.0 33.7 33.4 21.3 31.6 29.2 20.7 26.6 10.2 9.72002 33.6 45.1 45.7 37.7 58.1 28.8 24.0 41.2 35.1 24.1 33.1 32.7 20.9 29.0 26.3 20.1 24.5 11.0 9.12003 34.4 46.9 43.8 38.9 56.3 33.4 24.2 40.4 34.3 23.9 32.5 32.0 20.8 25.1 27.7 23.1 22.2 11.6 9.02004 41.0 57.3 43.9 39.5 59.7 34.3 25.7 42.7 36.0 23.7 33.8 33.1 22.2 34.5 30.7 25.1 22.8 13.0 9.62005 42.5 62.2 47.5 39.4 62.6 34.6 24.5 45.0 37.4 25.0 35.2 34.5 23.0 35.8 34.8 28.0 21.0 14.0 10.02006 47.0 65.2 50.7 39.7 73.9 37.9 24.8 47.5 39.6 27.1 37.4 36.5 25.2 40.6 37.8 29.4 21.7 15.9 10.72007 52.4 66.4 51.5 39.0 77.9 38.6 24.7 47.5 40.7 25.2 38.0 37.0 28.2 43.0 44.1 27.3 21.2 17.5 11.52008 52.5 63.2 54.2 38.5 79.3 37.9 26.2 49.2 41.2 27.0 39.0 38.0 25.3 39.5 43.2 28.4 22.8 17.4 12.52009 42.2 58.7 47.1 34.5 74.4 37.2 26.0 43.5 36.3 26.4 34.9 33.9 25.2 34.3 32.8 26.3 22.6 12.5 10.92010 50.4 66.0 50.5 37.6 81.8 40.1 32.4 44.7 40.4 28.3 38.6 37.4 28.0 37.0 39.8 32.3 20.4 15.0 12.3

2011 59.1 71.3 53.8 40.3 86.6 42.6 37.0 45.4 43.3 30.7 41.4 40.0 29.2 42.3 47.1 33.0 22.3 14.9 13.52012 60.7 76.2 54.6 41.5 86.3 44.4 37.4 45.2 44.9 30.0 42.5 41.0 28.9 43.7 45.4 35.8 23.7 14.5 13.52013 64.8 76.9 54.8 42.7 85.6 46.3 39.9 42.8 45.0 30.0 42.7 41.1 28.9 41.3 43.4 39.9 22.3 15.9 13.52014 64.8 82.5 54.6 45.3 87.4 47.6 41.2 43.6 45.8 28.5 43.0 41.3 28.2 40.1 47.7 42.1 23.8 17.5 13.52015 64.0 81.0 55.4 48.1 88.0 49.5 41.0 44.3 47.2 27.7 43.7 42.1 27.3 42.1 48.7 45.3 23.3 17.6 12.42016 64.1 79.6 53.6 48.7 87.2 52.2 41.2 43.3 46.8 28.4 43.8 42.0 29.0 40.6 50.7 48.6 22.0 16.3 11.92017 67.3 79.7 54.5 51.1 87.1 54.3 41.5 44.4 48.5 30.4 45.7 43.8 31.6 41.1 55.4 50.5 24.8 17.8 12.12018 65.9 78.4 54.5 51.2 84.9 55.6 41.6 45.7 49.2 30.0 46.2 44.3 31.7 42.9 60.3 50.8 29.5 18.5 12.22019 62.2 77.0 56.1 51.6 83.5 55.7 40.4 47.8 49.4 30.0 46.5 44.6 32.3 45.3 64.6 52.6 33.2 18.1 11.82020 61.9 75.2 56.3 51.7 83.0 55.8 40.0 48.3 49.5 30.1 46.5 44.7 33.1 45.9 68.3 54.4 33.2 18.3 11.7

2021 62.2 74.1 56.2 51.9 83.2 56.0 39.7 48.6 49.8 30.1 46.8 44.9 33.7 46.4 71.5 55.9 33.2 18.6 11.7


82


37. Exports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 9.1 7.7 : 9.5 8.1 11.7 9.0 11.7 : : : 5.9 : 8.4 9.0 9.5 : : 7.3 : 8.8

1971-1980 4.7 5.1 : 7.3 14.1 7.1 7.3 5.6 : : : 3.1 : 5.3 6.7 6.0 : : 5.9 : 5.8

1981-1990 4.5 5.3 : 8.5 1.4 5.4 4.1 4.1 : : : 6.1 : 4.5 4.9 10.4 : : 2.8 : 4.7

1991 3.1 11.0 : 5.7 4.1 8.2 6.3 -2.7 : : : 9.2 : 6.6 2.9 0.5 -20.1 : -7.9 : 6.01992 3.7 -0.3 : 13.9 10.0 7.5 5.9 6.2 : : : 2.7 : 2.9 1.3 5.4 -23.5 : 10.4 : 3.71993 -0.4 -5.9 : 9.7 -2.6 7.8 0.4 8.1 : : : 4.8 : 4.0 -2.4 1.3 0.6 -0.2 16.7 : 0.91994 8.3 7.9 3.5 15.1 7.4 16.7 8.2 9.0 : : : 7.7 : 8.7 5.7 10.5 12.3 14.8 13.3 : 9.01995 5.0 6.6 5.4 20.0 3.0 9.4 8.9 11.8 16.0 : : 4.6 : 9.2 7.2 13.6 1.1 4.5 8.8 : 8.51996 5.0 5.9 2.6 12.4 4.1 10.0 4.3 1.4 6.4 18.6 25.9 3.7 -5.9 4.1 4.6 5.7 3.0 -2.3 5.8 5.0 5.01997 9.5 12.3 25.4 17.5 23.1 14.4 13.0 5.0 0.0 12.7 23.9 11.0 4.0 9.7 11.0 7.3 11.6 13.7 14.0 11.1 11.11998 4.1 7.7 13.2 22.8 4.5 8.1 8.8 2.7 5.8 4.7 3.8 12.6 8.1 6.7 7.9 8.1 7.8 -2.3 8.9 7.3 7.31999 4.8 5.3 0.5 15.8 24.4 8.1 5.1 -1.0 2.4 -6.3 -18.8 12.3 8.2 9.0 6.4 3.5 2.0 10.2 11.3 5.7 5.82000 12.4 13.8 -7.0 21.2 22.2 10.4 12.9 12.1 8.8 14.4 14.1 15.4 5.6 12.4 13.5 8.5 12.6 8.3 16.1 13.2 13.3

1991-2000 5.5 6.3 : 15.3 9.7 10.0 7.3 5.2 : : : 8.3 : 7.3 5.7 6.4 -0.1 : 9.5 : 7.0

2001 0.4 5.7 6.3 14.0 0.1 3.9 3.1 2.6 1.8 9.0 24.1 5.8 -4.0 1.5 5.8 2.3 7.2 11.0 1.8 4.0 3.92002 3.4 4.2 2.8 6.5 -7.3 1.4 2.0 -2.8 -3.5 5.0 20.2 2.6 6.3 0.6 4.3 3.3 7.8 7.4 4.0 2.2 2.12003 1.6 1.9 10.2 -1.7 -0.7 3.6 -1.0 -1.3 -2.9 4.0 9.1 2.8 -0.3 1.8 0.5 5.0 3.2 19.7 -1.0 1.0 0.82004 6.2 11.5 17.3 6.5 18.6 4.3 5.4 6.1 3.2 13.7 4.2 10.7 -2.1 8.2 8.7 3.6 13.0 21.1 8.7 8.1 8.02005 5.5 6.7 19.9 5.5 3.3 1.9 4.0 3.2 3.1 23.5 20.5 5.5 4.3 5.8 6.7 0.3 11.4 12.6 6.9 5.2 5.02006 5.7 12.3 9.5 6.1 5.2 4.7 6.0 8.3 2.3 7.5 12.6 13.1 17.5 7.2 7.6 12.4 14.1 22.8 9.8 8.7 8.52007 5.4 8.9 12.6 8.9 10.6 7.6 2.8 6.2 5.4 13.8 3.2 8.1 10.9 5.4 7.6 6.4 13.9 14.5 9.0 6.9 6.82008 1.8 1.9 0.9 -3.8 3.5 -0.9 0.4 -3.2 -0.6 2.4 13.5 5.5 19.4 1.6 2.2 -0.4 4.2 3.0 6.6 0.9 0.72009 -11.3 -14.3 -20.3 4.6 -18.5 -10.8 -10.9 -17.8 -4.7 -12.9 -12.8 -11.6 -0.4 -8.6 -14.4 -10.0 -16.6 -16.4 -20.1 -12.4 -12.32010 10.4 14.4 24.2 6.0 4.9 9.1 8.7 11.8 6.1 13.4 15.9 10.4 6.9 9.7 13.1 9.2 10.2 17.3 6.2 11.1 11.0

2001-2010 2.8 5.0 7.6 5.2 1.5 2.3 1.9 1.0 1.0 7.5 10.5 5.1 5.6 3.2 3.9 3.0 6.4 10.7 2.8 3.4 3.3

2011 4.6 8.4 24.2 3.2 0.0 8.2 6.4 5.4 7.0 12.0 14.5 4.0 1.6 5.2 5.9 6.9 6.9 10.6 2.0 6.5 6.32012 -0.5 2.9 4.8 -0.9 1.2 0.9 2.8 2.0 -0.5 9.8 10.8 2.8 6.9 3.3 1.4 3.1 0.5 9.1 0.2 2.3 2.12013 0.4 1.0 2.8 2.9 1.5 4.4 2.1 0.4 1.2 1.1 7.3 5.3 0.9 2.5 0.6 7.2 3.1 6.0 0.6 1.9 1.82014 5.2 4.8 2.6 14.6 7.7 4.5 3.3 2.6 6.2 6.5 -1.8 16.4 4.1 4.5 2.9 4.3 6.0 3.7 -1.9 4.8 4.82015 3.7 5.5 -1.5 39.3 3.1 4.3 4.6 4.3 9.9 2.9 2.4 4.7 15.5 7.4 3.0 6.3 4.7 6.6 0.6 6.6 6.72016 6.5 2.4 5.1 4.1 -1.8 5.4 1.8 1.9 7.2 4.0 4.9 2.6 4.5 1.7 3.1 4.4 6.5 5.0 3.7 2.9 2.82017 5.3 4.9 3.8 9.2 6.8 5.6 3.9 6.0 8.7 6.4 13.6 0.7 4.8 6.5 5.0 8.4 10.8 3.5 8.8 5.5 5.52018 1.2 2.1 4.3 10.4 8.7 2.2 3.5 1.8 4.6 4.0 6.3 0.5 2.6 3.7 5.9 3.8 6.6 5.4 2.2 3.3 3.22019 0.6 0.8 2.6 11.4 4.3 2.0 2.2 1.9 -2.5 2.7 6.8 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.7 7.9 1.2 1.9 2.4 2.32020 1.2 1.6 1.9 4.1 3.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 -1.3 1.8 3.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.3 2.7 4.9 3.8 2.2 2.1 2.1

2011-2020 2.8 3.4 4.9 9.4 3.4 4.0 3.3 2.8 3.9 5.1 6.7 4.0 4.4 3.8 3.2 5.0 5.8 5.5 2.0 3.8 3.7

2021 1.5 1.9 2.7 4.1 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.5 0.7 2.3 3.0 2.3 1.8 1.7 2.3 2.8 4.6 4.5 2.4 2.3 2.3


83


37. Exports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 6.3 : : : : 7.6 : 4.6 : 7.9 : : : : 6.5 15.9 5.9

1971-1980 : : 4.7 : : : : 3.8 : 4.3 : 5.5 : : : : 3.7 9.4 7.2

1981-1990 : : 5.2 : : : : 4.4 : 3.4 : 4.5 : : : : 16.0 5.7 5.5

1991 : -12.1 6.2 : : -1.7 -18.5 -2.0 : -0.2 : 4.9 : : : : 3.7 5.2 6.61992 : 7.0 0.3 : 2.7 10.8 4.1 2.2 : 4.3 : 3.6 : : : : 11.0 4.4 6.91993 : 12.5 1.2 : -10.3 3.2 10.6 7.8 : 4.3 : 1.6 : : : : 7.7 0.4 3.31994 : -2.4 8.2 : 13.6 13.1 19.0 13.6 : 8.9 : 9.1 : : : : 15.2 3.9 8.81995 : 15.3 2.7 : 48.2 22.9 17.0 11.3 : 9.1 : 8.6 : : : : 8.0 4.2 10.31996 30.0 2.5 4.7 16.7 9.2 11.3 6.1 4.5 5.1 7.1 5.4 5.2 : : -12.9 123.3 22.0 4.8 8.21997 7.1 7.6 4.5 6.7 22.7 12.2 11.2 13.9 11.1 7.7 10.6 10.6 -18.3 : 29.4 51.1 19.1 11.1 11.91998 -17.4 9.7 4.1 -0.2 15.5 14.2 -1.6 9.0 7.3 2.8 6.7 6.6 33.8 : 8.5 29.5 12.0 -2.4 2.31999 -17.7 5.2 11.3 1.4 11.8 -2.5 7.3 7.2 5.8 2.8 5.4 5.6 73.1 : 6.9 -42.2 -11.2 1.9 5.02000 -17.2 14.8 12.6 18.5 25.0 23.6 -18.6 12.0 13.2 9.0 12.7 12.6 38.9 : 19.7 18.4 17.4 12.7 8.3

1991-2000 : 5.7 5.5 : : 10.4 2.9 7.8 : 5.5 : 6.8 : : : : 10.1 4.5 7.1

2001 1.2 9.4 3.4 10.1 8.8 3.1 14.3 0.5 3.9 1.9 3.7 3.4 15.5 : -14.2 54.0 4.6 -6.7 -5.82002 8.9 0.9 4.4 4.7 5.8 4.8 17.4 1.7 2.4 1.3 2.3 2.0 3.6 : -4.9 19.3 7.8 7.8 -1.72003 6.5 8.8 -1.2 10.8 6.2 14.1 8.3 4.6 1.6 2.3 1.7 1.1 11.8 : 0.3 28.1 6.7 9.5 2.22004 24.5 29.7 3.0 6.0 17.9 4.9 14.1 11.3 8.5 4.3 8.0 7.5 18.5 : 17.2 9.9 11.6 14.3 9.72005 9.1 18.2 7.8 4.6 12.9 9.9 9.2 6.4 5.8 8.0 6.1 5.5 24.3 : 17.9 17.4 8.1 7.2 7.12006 7.7 14.3 10.3 5.6 19.5 15.6 11.8 8.6 9.1 12.4 9.5 9.1 16.9 : 12.1 7.3 6.5 10.3 9.32007 19.6 11.0 3.7 3.4 16.1 10.0 20.9 4.3 7.1 -2.1 6.0 5.3 19.1 30.0 13.8 3.8 7.3 8.7 8.72008 2.5 4.2 3.9 0.8 6.7 7.1 13.8 2.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.0 -4.6 1.7 -4.7 12.6 3.8 1.6 5.72009 -11.7 -9.8 -9.2 -14.1 -10.7 -5.9 -5.7 -14.3 -12.0 -7.8 -11.6 -11.8 4.7 -12.7 -13.9 -11.5 -3.7 -23.4 -8.42010 11.0 14.7 2.9 6.2 11.1 13.1 15.5 10.8 11.0 5.8 10.5 10.1 19.2 7.5 23.7 16.9 1.7 24.9 12.1

2001-2010 7.5 9.7 2.8 3.6 9.1 7.5 11.7 3.4 3.7 2.6 3.6 3.2 12.6 : 3.9 14.7 5.4 4.6 3.7

2011 12.6 9.2 7.2 2.2 6.4 7.9 12.1 6.7 6.7 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.7 14.6 16.1 5.6 13.4 -0.2 7.12012 2.0 4.3 1.2 -0.1 -1.7 4.6 1.1 1.1 2.2 0.6 2.1 1.9 0.3 -0.3 2.0 2.9 14.9 -0.1 3.42013 9.6 0.2 1.6 3.1 4.1 6.1 20.2 -1.1 2.1 1.2 2.0 1.6 1.6 -1.3 6.1 18.0 1.1 0.8 3.62014 3.1 8.7 3.1 6.0 9.2 6.7 8.0 4.3 5.0 1.0 4.5 4.3 1.2 -0.7 16.5 4.3 8.2 9.3 4.22015 6.4 6.0 3.6 9.4 7.4 7.7 4.6 6.3 6.6 3.8 6.3 6.2 1.0 5.7 8.5 9.4 4.3 2.9 0.52016 8.6 4.3 3.9 5.6 3.8 8.8 16.0 2.8 3.4 2.7 3.3 2.8 11.3 5.9 9.1 11.9 -1.9 1.7 0.02017 5.8 6.7 3.6 6.4 6.9 9.5 7.6 4.3 5.7 6.1 5.7 5.5 12.9 1.8 8.1 8.2 12.0 6.8 3.52018 1.7 4.4 0.4 2.8 4.3 7.0 5.4 3.1 3.4 -0.9 3.0 2.7 3.2 6.9 15.3 8.3 7.8 3.4 3.02019 -0.2 2.1 3.9 3.2 5.1 4.8 3.8 4.2 2.6 1.3 2.5 2.3 5.4 4.3 9.9 8.1 6.2 -1.4 0.32020 3.2 1.9 1.8 2.7 4.0 4.4 3.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 6.8 2.8 9.7 7.9 3.1 0.8 1.5

2011-2020 5.2 4.7 3.0 4.1 4.9 6.7 8.1 3.4 4.0 2.5 3.8 3.6 4.9 3.9 10.0 8.4 6.8 2.4 2.7

2021 3.2 2.2 2.0 2.6 4.6 4.7 3.6 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.2 5.8 3.6 9.2 7.4 3.5 0.8 1.6


84


38. Intra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics


BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU NL MT AT PT SI SK FI 2) 3)

1960 19.0 6.1 : 17.1 2.0 3.4 4.2 3.7 : : : : 18.5 : 10.3 3.6 : : 11.9

1965 26.3 8.8 : 17.0 2.1 2.1 5.5 5.9 : : : : 21.0 : 9.6 5.3 : : 10.4

1970 33.3 10.5 : 18.0 2.8 3.0 7.3 6.5 : : : : 23.6 : 10.6 6.0 : : 13.1

1975 33.1 11.5 : 27.2 4.4 3.3 8.1 8.1 : : : : 26.6 : 10.0 5.9 : : 10.7

1980 38.4 13.7 : 30.1 4.5 4.8 9.2 9.1 : : : : 29.0 : 13.4 9.2 : : 15.4

1985 45.1 16.3 : 34.4 5.4 7.2 9.9 9.1 : : : : 36.3 : 15.0 14.4 : : 12.5

1990 45.0 16.1 : 37.3 5.5 7.3 11.4 9.0 : : : : 35.4 : 16.5 16.4 : : 10.9

1991 43.7 13.6 : 37.4 5.5 7.5 11.8 8.6 : : : : 35.8 : 15.8 14.8 : : 10.91992 41.0 12.8 : 38.9 5.8 7.4 11.6 8.3 : : : : 33.6 : 15.3 13.7 : : 13.11993 42.4 10.7 : 39.6 4.6 7.9 10.4 9.1 : : : : 30.8 : 13.6 13.0 : : 14.51994 43.1 11.2 : 43.3 4.6 9.6 11.4 10.0 : : : : 33.1 : 14.0 14.4 : : 15.61995 45.7 11.8 : 47.7 4.9 10.8 11.8 11.4 : : : : 31.5 : 15.8 15.3 : : 17.31996 47.9 12.0 : 45.4 4.3 11.3 11.9 10.7 : : : : 37.1 : 15.7 16.2 : : 16.91997 50.7 12.9 : 44.3 4.0 11.7 12.9 10.6 : : : : 39.4 : 17.4 16.5 : : 17.41998 53.6 13.7 : 49.4 4.0 12.8 13.3 11.0 : : : : 38.5 : 18.8 16.4 : : 18.31999 54.6 16.3 35.5 48.6 4.9 12.1 14.3 12.1 2.3 17.9 18.5 32.4 40.1 23.7 23.5 16.2 30.9 44.2 20.52000 61.1 18.4 49.1 50.1 5.5 14.1 15.6 13.0 2.4 19.0 23.1 34.1 45.4 20.5 26.0 16.8 34.7 51.7 23.1

2001 62.7 18.8 43.0 48.7 5.4 13.8 15.1 12.9 2.3 18.8 25.6 40.5 43.6 23.5 27.2 16.1 35.3 53.6 20.22002 63.2 18.9 38.0 45.3 4.8 13.3 14.4 12.3 2.1 18.5 25.3 38.0 41.5 21.5 27.9 15.6 33.9 52.1 19.72003 62.1 19.6 37.7 35.2 4.7 13.0 14.2 12.0 2.0 19.4 23.2 40.1 41.1 20.3 28.3 15.6 33.2 55.5 18.72004 64.1 21.0 39.2 33.9 4.6 12.7 14.1 12.3 3.7 21.4 27.6 42.2 43.4 20.6 29.4 15.1 36.4 56.0 18.12005 66.6 22.0 42.8 33.1 4.8 12.1 13.4 12.5 5.7 23.2 29.7 45.9 47.4 19.6 28.9 15.8 41.0 57.0 18.22006 68.7 23.6 37.4 29.7 5.2 12.1 14.0 13.3 4.6 20.6 29.8 48.4 50.1 21.5 29.8 16.8 45.3 63.8 20.42007 69.7 25.1 34.4 28.6 5.3 12.2 13.8 13.9 4.2 19.4 27.9 39.5 50.7 19.3 31.0 16.8 48.4 66.1 20.02008 70.2 24.6 35.7 28.6 5.3 12.0 13.5 13.5 4.1 19.4 29.7 40.5 53.0 15.6 30.8 16.2 46.7 62.8 18.92009 58.1 20.6 31.7 29.9 4.3 10.7 11.2 10.8 3.2 19.9 28.2 36.1 44.3 13.4 24.8 13.6 39.7 54.1 13.82010 61.8 22.3 40.4 30.5 5.1 12.3 12.1 12.1 3.6 27.2 34.2 29.3 52.4 16.9 28.1 15.7 47.0 60.7 15.2

2011 65.4 23.4 47.3 31.1 6.1 13.8 12.7 12.9 4.5 30.8 39.6 27.9 56.8 19.0 29.3 18.1 52.0 68.5 16.02012 62.9 22.6 45.8 31.2 6.4 14.2 12.5 13.0 4.2 31.6 41.8 26.3 59.2 18.0 28.5 19.1 51.8 71.8 15.22013 63.0 22.0 45.8 28.0 7.1 14.8 12.3 13.0 4.9 31.7 38.9 24.2 57.9 16.3 28.5 19.5 52.6 72.0 15.22014 62.2 22.2 43.3 25.7 7.3 15.1 12.2 13.4 7.1 32.3 36.6 23.8 57.2 13.0 28.1 19.7 54.1 72.0 15.52015 61.6 22.9 41.9 22.4 7.9 15.4 12.2 13.7 7.3 31.6 37.6 25.0 56.5 11.2 28.0 20.1 56.3 72.7 15.02016 60.2 22.5 40.6 21.8 8.1 15.7 12.1 13.8 6.9 31.0 35.3 21.5 55.4 11.8 27.2 20.2 55.5 73.9 14.12017 61.6 23.1 38.9 20.9 8.6 16.1 12.1 14.4 5.5 31.1 36.5 20.7 58.8 12.6 28.6 20.8 59.9 75.8 15.92018 62.6 23.3 37.7 21.6 9.6 16.1 12.4 14.8 5.7 31.3 36.7 19.3 59.0 11.9 29.0 21.6 62.4 76.2 16.22019 61.2 23.0 36.7 21.4 10.6 15.9 12.4 15.0 3.7 30.4 37.0 19.4 57.3 11.8 28.7 21.8 62.0 74.2 15.72020 60.7 22.7 35.8 21.0 10.9 15.9 12.4 15.3 3.6 29.9 37.1 19.4 56.6 11.5 28.9 21.8 60.5 74.6 15.5

2021 60.2 22.6 35.4 20.4 11.1 16.0 12.6 15.6 3.5 29.6 36.8 19.4 56.2 11.3 29.0 21.8 59.3 75.8 15.3

1) 1960-1998 Former EU-15, 1999-2001 Former EU-27 2) 1960-1998 including LU 3) 1960-90 D_W

85


38. Intra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics


BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK EU-28 EU-15 2) 3)

1960 : : 13.2 : : : : 10.2 3.2 : 6.2

1965 : : 14.2 : : : : 10.3 4.6 : 7.9

1970 : : 12.4 : : : : 11.3 5.6 : 9.5

1975 : : 13.8 : : : : 12.2 7.2 : 10.8

1980 : : 15.4 : : : : 13.3 9.4 : 12.6

1985 : : 15.2 : : : : 15.0 10.2 : 13.9

1990 : : 17.5 : : : : 12.6 8.7 : 13.7

1991 : : 18.0 : : : : 11.5 8.8 : 13.11992 : : 18.0 : : : : 11.5 8.7 : 12.71993 : : 17.4 : : : : 13.1 8.4 : 12.21994 : : 17.5 : : : : 15.0 9.3 : 13.21995 : : 18.3 : : : : 18.1 10.3 : 14.21996 : : 18.2 : : : : 16.7 10.5 : 14.41997 : : 18.8 : : : : 17.2 10.0 : 14.91998 : : 18.4 : : : : 18.3 9.6 : 15.41999 16.7 36.1 20.1 : 43.5 13.2 17.3 19.6 9.8 : 16.82000 20.5 40.7 22.0 : 50.2 15.0 20.1 20.1 10.2 : 18.4

2001 21.8 43.0 21.8 : 47.9 15.4 21.2 18.5 10.0 : 18.32002 21.6 40.4 22.4 12.0 43.4 16.9 22.3 17.9 9.6 18.3 17.82003 22.6 42.9 21.4 12.2 43.0 20.3 23.2 18.0 8.8 18.2 17.62004 23.7 50.6 21.7 12.7 45.0 23.6 23.7 19.0 8.5 18.8 18.02005 23.6 49.3 22.8 12.3 45.8 23.0 19.9 19.8 8.7 19.2 18.42006 26.7 52.6 23.3 13.2 52.6 25.5 18.8 21.2 10.4 20.5 19.52007 25.7 55.4 22.7 12.4 54.8 25.8 16.8 21.2 8.2 20.6 19.52008 24.8 52.8 23.0 12.1 54.4 24.7 16.3 21.2 8.9 20.9 19.92009 20.5 46.4 19.7 10.1 50.6 24.7 17.3 17.5 8.1 18.0 16.92010 25.1 54.0 19.7 12.0 57.0 26.4 21.6 18.3 8.9 19.9 18.6

2011 30.8 59.5 21.2 12.8 61.5 27.9 24.5 18.3 9.6 21.3 19.82012 29.1 61.6 20.9 12.7 62.6 28.2 23.8 17.8 8.8 21.0 19.42013 31.9 62.8 20.6 13.5 61.7 29.3 24.0 16.5 8.4 20.9 19.22014 32.1 69.2 20.1 15.2 62.9 31.2 24.8 16.6 7.9 20.8 19.02015 32.5 70.4 19.3 17.2 64.4 33.1 25.1 16.3 7.0 20.7 18.72016 32.8 69.7 18.8 17.5 65.0 34.4 25.3 16.0 7.2 20.8 18.82017 33.8 70.5 19.2 18.6 65.2 35.5 25.3 16.7 7.9 21.8 19.72018 34.4 69.5 19.0 19.4 65.1 35.7 25.6 17.7 8.0 22.1 20.02019 32.4 67.9 19.1 19.7 64.6 35.5 24.6 18.1 7.8 22.0 19.82020 32.3 66.0 19.0 19.8 64.3 35.5 24.1 18.1 7.6 21.9 19.7

2021 32.4 64.8 18.8 19.9 64.6 35.4 23.7 18.1 7.5 21.9 19.7

1) 1960-1998 Former EU-15, 1999-2001 Former EU-27 2) 1960-90 including D_W 3) Former EU-15; 1960-90 including D_W

86


39. Extra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 12.2 9.1 : 3.9 2.6 2.4 6.8 5.5 : : : : 11.6 : 6.5 5.7 : : 6.9

1965 9.1 6.1 : 3.4 2.1 1.5 4.4 4.5 : : : : 7.0 : 6.2 5.5 : : 6.0

1970 9.2 7.2 : 5.4 2.1 2.8 4.9 5.2 : : : : 7.2 : 7.9 5.5 : : 7.2

1975 10.5 9.0 : 5.9 3.7 3.2 6.6 7.3 : : : : 8.3 : 8.7 3.4 : : 8.0

1980 12.5 8.9 : 8.4 4.6 4.1 7.3 7.2 : : : : 8.8 : 7.9 4.8 : : 10.9

1985 16.6 11.5 : 13.0 4.2 6.1 8.4 8.4 : : : : 10.7 : 9.6 6.6 : : 11.7

1990 12.0 9.0 : 10.7 2.7 3.0 5.6 5.4 : : : : 5.6 : 8.3 4.2 : : 7.8

1991 12.2 7.9 : 11.0 2.7 2.9 5.2 5.0 : : : : 4.7 : 7.8 4.1 : : 7.11992 11.2 7.4 : 11.2 2.3 2.7 5.3 5.1 : : : : 4.4 : 7.4 3.7 : : 8.01993 11.6 7.6 : 16.5 3.8 4.0 6.0 6.7 : : : : 5.5 : 7.3 3.2 : : 11.71994 16.2 8.1 : 16.2 2.9 4.2 5.8 7.3 : : : : 5.3 : 8.0 3.7 : : 13.01995 15.6 8.3 : 16.1 3.2 5.0 6.9 8.4 : : : : 8.7 : 8.1 3.6 : : 12.01996 14.7 8.8 : 17.6 3.7 5.3 7.1 8.5 : : : : 9.0 : 8.7 3.7 : : 13.31997 19.8 10.3 : 20.0 3.9 5.4 7.9 8.7 : : : : 10.4 : 10.7 3.9 : : 15.31998 18.3 10.5 : 21.9 3.5 5.2 8.0 8.3 : : : : 10.3 : 10.5 3.6 : : 14.31999 14.7 8.5 5.9 23.6 2.5 4.3 7.5 6.7 1.6 5.1 6.6 4.5 8.8 24.6 6.9 3.0 7.0 4.9 10.82000 18.4 9.9 6.6 27.2 3.4 5.2 8.4 8.0 1.6 4.5 7.8 5.2 10.4 39.9 8.4 3.8 8.7 5.6 13.5

2001 17.7 10.6 9.9 27.1 3.0 4.7 8.4 8.0 1.9 5.1 9.3 5.3 9.9 21.3 8.6 3.7 9.2 5.2 13.12002 20.5 10.8 8.5 23.3 2.6 4.5 7.7 7.6 1.6 5.3 11.2 5.0 10.0 23.8 8.8 3.6 10.0 5.7 12.52003 18.3 10.5 8.0 21.2 2.3 4.2 7.1 7.0 1.3 5.0 13.7 4.8 9.9 21.3 8.7 3.6 9.8 8.7 12.32004 19.0 11.4 9.6 20.0 2.3 4.4 7.2 7.3 1.8 6.3 13.4 4.5 10.9 21.0 9.9 3.8 11.1 8.2 13.02005 20.1 12.1 11.9 18.7 2.7 4.6 7.7 7.6 2.1 7.1 15.5 5.4 11.9 17.9 10.7 3.9 12.1 8.1 13.82006 21.1 13.4 19.6 17.2 2.6 4.9 7.3 8.1 1.9 7.8 17.0 5.8 13.1 19.9 10.9 4.7 13.4 9.3 15.22007 21.8 13.5 14.6 16.4 3.0 5.0 7.2 8.7 1.6 7.3 15.1 5.5 14.2 24.3 11.0 5.0 14.2 9.7 15.12008 21.0 14.0 15.2 16.9 3.4 5.2 7.6 9.1 1.8 8.9 19.5 5.3 14.0 23.0 11.1 5.5 14.5 10.4 14.92009 18.7 12.3 13.9 18.9 3.3 4.6 6.7 7.7 1.6 9.5 15.6 5.2 12.8 20.0 9.3 4.4 11.9 8.6 11.02010 22.8 14.7 18.5 22.4 4.2 5.6 7.7 8.8 1.8 13.2 21.8 6.0 15.4 24.1 10.8 5.1 13.6 10.9 12.7

2011 25.4 15.9 24.0 22.5 5.6 6.9 8.1 9.9 2.1 15.9 24.9 6.9 16.9 27.1 11.8 6.2 15.3 12.0 12.72012 26.9 17.2 23.6 21.6 8.0 8.1 8.7 11.0 2.7 18.1 27.4 7.0 18.9 28.1 12.2 7.8 17.3 13.5 13.12013 26.8 16.7 18.8 20.9 8.0 8.7 8.4 11.2 3.6 16.0 31.2 5.7 18.6 19.7 12.2 8.2 17.7 14.8 12.32014 26.0 16.3 16.6 21.1 7.8 8.6 8.1 11.1 6.5 14.6 30.1 5.1 18.2 12.9 12.1 8.1 17.8 13.3 11.52015 24.3 16.6 13.8 19.9 6.6 8.3 8.5 11.3 9.3 13.8 23.7 4.7 18.1 13.2 12.0 7.5 17.8 12.4 10.52016 23.4 15.9 14.3 21.7 6.3 7.8 8.2 10.8 7.3 13.3 22.8 4.5 17.4 16.0 11.3 6.7 18.2 12.6 10.02017 23.7 16.4 15.3 20.0 7.4 8.2 8.5 11.5 8.9 15.5 26.0 3.9 19.3 9.7 11.6 7.3 19.2 12.6 10.82018 23.3 16.2 17.7 21.5 8.5 8.2 8.6 11.5 14.2 15.6 25.7 3.6 20.3 8.8 11.6 6.8 19.4 12.7 11.22019 23.8 15.9 16.8 21.2 8.0 8.2 8.8 11.7 13.7 14.2 25.4 3.6 20.4 9.0 11.4 6.7 22.5 12.8 11.52020 24.2 15.6 16.5 20.8 8.1 8.3 8.9 11.8 13.3 13.9 25.4 3.4 20.9 8.9 11.4 6.7 24.6 12.9 11.8

2021 24.7 15.5 16.3 20.6 8.1 8.5 9.1 12.0 13.0 13.6 25.7 3.2 21.4 8.9 11.4 6.7 26.2 13.1 12.2


87


39. Extra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 : : 10.1 : : : : 6.2 10.9 : 8.2

1965 : : 7.1 : : : : 5.9 8.4 : 5.9

1970 : : 7.2 : : : : 7.0 8.8 : 6.5

1975 : : 7.7 : : : : 9.2 10.3 : 7.9

1980 : : 8.4 : : : : 8.9 8.8 : 8.0

1985 : : 11.8 : : : : 11.8 8.7 : 9.5

1990 : : 7.0 : : : : 9.5 6.8 : 6.8

1991 : : 7.1 : : : : 8.8 6.0 : 6.21992 : : 8.8 : : : : 8.4 6.1 : 6.11993 : : 7.7 : : : : 10.4 7.2 : 7.01994 : : 7.9 : : : : 11.8 7.1 : 7.41995 : : 7.6 : : : : 10.1 7.2 : 7.91996 : : 7.5 : : : : 10.1 7.5 : 8.21997 : : 9.5 : : : : 13.8 8.0 : 9.31998 : : 9.3 : : : : 13.3 7.0 : 9.01999 12.4 4.9 8.2 : 7.6 2.9 6.4 11.6 6.3 : 7.72000 15.9 6.4 9.2 : 9.4 3.4 7.7 13.2 7.0 : 8.9

2001 14.1 6.4 9.5 : 8.8 3.5 6.9 12.9 6.7 : 8.92002 13.1 6.4 9.6 6.2 7.4 3.8 7.8 12.6 6.0 8.5 8.62003 12.9 5.9 9.0 5.7 7.5 4.4 7.3 12.6 6.1 8.1 8.22004 14.1 7.1 8.9 6.6 8.3 5.7 7.7 13.1 5.9 8.5 8.62005 14.8 8.0 9.4 7.1 9.8 6.2 8.2 13.7 6.7 9.0 9.12006 16.1 8.4 9.4 7.4 12.6 6.7 7.8 14.0 6.2 9.4 9.42007 15.9 9.2 9.6 8.2 13.3 6.8 6.4 13.4 6.0 9.5 9.52008 16.0 9.0 9.9 7.8 13.8 6.9 6.7 14.0 7.1 10.0 10.12009 10.8 8.1 9.4 6.5 12.5 6.2 5.9 12.4 6.6 8.9 8.92010 15.8 10.0 10.3 7.7 15.7 6.9 8.2 13.7 7.9 10.5 10.6

2011 18.4 11.9 11.2 8.6 17.9 7.8 9.9 14.3 9.5 11.7 11.82012 20.3 14.2 11.9 9.2 18.3 8.8 10.0 13.5 8.7 12.5 12.52013 21.3 14.6 11.7 8.3 17.6 9.8 10.5 12.1 11.0 12.8 12.72014 19.3 15.0 11.5 8.7 15.7 9.1 10.1 11.8 8.6 12.1 12.12015 17.6 14.1 12.2 8.9 14.8 8.6 9.0 11.5 8.7 12.1 12.12016 16.6 13.6 11.7 9.2 14.9 8.8 8.4 11.0 8.0 11.6 11.72017 19.3 13.5 11.8 10.5 15.1 8.9 8.1 11.5 8.7 12.2 12.22018 15.7 12.9 12.1 9.2 14.5 8.8 7.6 12.1 9.0 12.3 12.42019 15.1 12.8 13.4 9.0 14.1 8.7 7.2 13.0 9.5 12.4 12.52020 15.1 12.6 13.6 8.8 14.0 8.6 7.0 13.4 9.7 12.5 12.6

2021 15.2 12.4 13.7 8.7 14.1 8.5 6.8 13.5 9.8 12.5 12.7


88


40. Imports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 33.6 16.6 : 33.7 14.7 7.1 12.4 13.3 58.7 : : 66.8 85.6 42.8 22.8 19.6 : : 22.1 : 17.4

1965 36.6 17.9 : 39.7 17.2 13.4 12.4 12.1 54.7 : : 72.4 87.0 40.7 23.5 23.0 : : 20.9 : 17.9

1970 42.1 19.2 : 40.7 15.3 13.6 15.4 15.0 64.3 : : 68.6 97.6 43.3 27.5 24.9 : : 25.7 : 20.3

1975 45.6 21.8 : 44.1 21.2 16.6 17.9 18.8 76.8 : : 79.8 118.0 43.0 28.5 24.0 : : 28.3 : 23.1

1980 52.9 27.0 : 56.9 25.3 17.3 22.5 23.0 85.4 : : 80.8 118.2 49.4 35.1 34.3 : : 32.1 : 27.8

1985 61.4 29.0 : 52.7 24.3 20.0 23.7 21.6 79.7 : : 93.7 108.3 54.6 35.2 33.9 : : 27.3 : 28.8

1990 59.9 26.7 : 50.3 25.4 19.9 21.8 18.3 77.2 38.9 47.4 85.1 121.2 49.6 35.8 36.9 69.9 34.8 23.7 : 26.3

1991 28.1 26.3

1991 58.4 24.2 : 50.8 24.4 19.7 21.6 17.1 77.4 20.2 16.5 86.0 120.2 50.0 35.5 34.7 66.1 48.3 22.2 : 25.21992 56.3 22.7 : 51.1 23.9 19.8 20.7 17.7 82.2 58.0 15.6 81.1 121.3 48.6 34.5 32.5 50.0 72.7 24.7 : 24.51993 52.9 20.3 68.1 53.2 23.0 19.2 19.1 17.5 64.7 45.2 70.7 79.7 128.7 46.3 31.8 30.7 51.3 59.7 26.8 23.5 23.31994 54.8 20.9 79.1 58.5 21.7 21.3 20.2 18.6 64.9 35.2 48.0 80.8 130.9 48.2 33.8 32.2 51.5 53.0 28.4 24.8 24.51995 56.3 21.6 73.3 62.5 22.7 22.9 21.0 21.0 67.6 39.4 47.8 82.1 131.7 50.6 34.7 33.1 47.7 54.6 28.3 26.2 25.91996 58.0 22.1 71.8 63.9 23.2 23.2 21.3 19.2 70.6 49.6 51.2 83.9 123.5 51.3 35.8 33.7 47.4 62.5 29.4 26.3 26.01997 60.9 24.3 80.8 65.2 23.1 25.5 22.5 20.4 70.6 48.9 55.0 94.7 115.5 54.0 37.8 35.2 48.7 64.0 30.4 28.2 27.91998 60.5 25.2 83.3 73.5 26.0 26.6 23.4 21.0 66.2 51.5 50.5 106.7 113.0 53.2 38.6 36.5 49.2 56.6 29.5 29.1 28.81999 60.6 26.4 74.2 73.5 28.1 28.3 23.7 21.4 64.3 44.9 42.4 108.4 114.7 54.5 38.9 36.8 48.4 51.1 28.6 30.0 29.72000 69.7 30.7 64.8 80.7 34.7 31.5 27.3 24.8 67.5 44.9 44.7 123.5 126.5 59.5 42.0 39.2 53.8 55.6 32.9 34.3 34.0

2001 68.0 30.2 65.2 79.7 33.4 30.1 26.7 24.4 63.6 48.5 49.5 123.9 110.2 56.7 42.9 37.7 52.8 64.6 30.5 33.6 33.32002 65.3 28.3 65.3 73.3 30.2 28.5 25.5 23.7 61.2 46.8 53.0 116.9 107.2 53.3 41.6 35.2 51.3 63.4 30.2 32.0 31.72003 63.7 29.0 65.6 65.7 29.6 27.8 24.7 22.8 56.2 48.7 52.0 115.2 106.9 52.6 41.8 33.8 51.3 62.8 30.7 31.6 31.22004 66.0 30.5 68.9 66.2 29.2 29.1 25.5 23.4 57.0 54.7 54.4 128.2 104.8 54.9 43.9 35.5 56.5 70.6 32.3 32.9 32.52005 70.2 32.9 70.5 68.7 29.6 29.8 26.9 24.7 56.2 57.7 61.1 136.1 106.8 57.2 45.4 35.9 60.5 75.4 36.3 34.9 34.32006 72.8 36.0 73.4 71.0 31.7 30.9 28.2 27.0 56.4 60.7 65.9 144.4 126.8 59.6 47.2 38.2 64.9 83.4 38.9 37.2 36.62007 74.2 36.6 71.4 72.5 35.0 31.8 28.6 27.7 58.0 57.5 63.5 149.6 129.0 61.7 48.2 38.8 69.2 82.9 39.0 38.2 37.52008 80.2 37.7 70.2 75.5 36.0 30.4 29.3 27.6 62.8 52.4 68.7 156.4 148.7 61.3 48.8 40.8 68.4 81.9 41.3 38.9 38.22009 66.6 33.1 55.6 79.8 28.8 23.9 25.6 23.0 54.1 44.1 53.6 131.9 149.2 54.7 41.9 34.2 55.9 68.2 34.0 33.5 32.92010 74.1 37.3 68.1 86.4 30.7 27.0 28.1 26.9 58.7 55.0 66.1 141.6 154.2 61.7 47.8 37.7 63.2 77.6 37.1 37.7 37.0

2011 80.8 40.1 80.1 85.0 32.3 29.3 30.4 28.3 57.3 62.7 75.8 145.5 158.2 67.0 51.2 38.6 69.0 84.3 39.7 40.4 39.62012 80.3 40.2 83.9 87.0 33.1 29.4 30.5 27.3 57.2 65.6 77.8 155.4 160.6 69.8 51.2 38.3 69.5 85.5 40.4 40.8 39.92013 78.5 39.7 81.4 84.9 33.2 29.0 30.4 26.2 59.8 63.8 77.3 158.6 150.7 69.7 50.6 38.5 69.5 88.0 39.1 40.4 39.52014 79.0 39.0 77.9 92.0 34.8 30.4 30.8 26.2 65.2 63.2 70.5 180.2 136.5 69.5 50.1 40.1 69.4 86.7 37.6 40.8 40.02015 76.4 39.3 73.0 93.2 31.5 30.6 31.2 26.7 67.7 61.6 69.8 187.2 144.1 75.2 49.3 39.9 69.1 88.9 36.0 41.6 40.82016 78.2 38.7 73.5 105.2 30.8 29.9 30.9 26.0 69.0 59.4 66.8 177.6 138.1 69.3 48.6 39.1 69.4 90.8 36.1 41.2 40.32017 80.9 40.3 71.9 99.0 34.0 31.6 31.9 27.9 73.4 62.0 71.2 182.5 128.5 72.6 50.7 41.7 74.3 92.9 37.6 42.9 42.02018 82.7 41.3 70.7 89.2 36.4 32.4 32.1 29.0 72.3 61.5 73.7 175.5 124.0 73.3 52.0 43.4 77.1 94.1 39.3 43.7 42.72019 81.7 41.3 69.0 103.4 38.0 31.9 32.1 29.2 72.1 61.0 74.7 174.5 121.8 73.3 52.2 44.6 80.1 93.3 39.6 44.2 43.32020 81.4 40.8 67.5 103.6 39.0 32.0 32.4 29.7 72.0 60.0 75.1 173.3 120.1 73.9 52.4 45.3 81.3 94.2 40.0 44.4 43.5

2021 81.4 40.9 66.7 103.9 39.4 32.3 32.8 30.2 71.7 59.6 75.3 173.0 117.9 74.6 52.5 46.0 82.5 95.5 40.5 44.8 43.8


89


40. Imports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 : : 33.0 : : : : 21.9 : 21.5 : 18.8 : : : : 4.1 10.2 4.2

1965 : : 30.3 : : : : 21.1 : 19.3 : 18.6 : : : : 3.7 9.1 4.2

1970 : : 30.0 : : : : 23.0 : 20.3 : 20.6 : : : : 4.1 9.5 5.2

1975 : : 30.3 : : : : 26.3 : 25.6 : 23.8 : : : : 8.0 12.7 7.3

1980 : : 33.0 : 36.2 29.9 20.5 29.5 : 22.7 : 27.2 : : : : 8.3 14.6 10.3

1985 : : 35.7 : 35.2 16.2 18.4 32.0 : 24.5 : 28.3 : : : : 13.1 10.9 9.6

1990 : 38.3 30.9 : 25.0 19.4 24.2 28.5 : 22.9 : 25.9 : : : : 12.4 9.5 10.6

1991 25.5

1991 18.0 36.4 31.5 : 29.6 22.9 19.9 25.5 : 20.9 : 24.6 : : : : 11.7 8.4 10.11992 24.3 42.4 30.0 : 27.8 19.9 33.4 25.2 : 21.5 : 24.2 : : : : 12.2 7.7 10.21993 21.0 41.2 29.0 : 30.4 19.8 25.8 28.0 : 23.0 : 23.5 : : : : 13.7 7.0 10.51994 21.0 39.4 30.9 : 31.1 19.3 24.9 30.6 : 23.8 : 24.7 : : : : 14.4 7.1 11.21995 22.9 43.5 31.9 35.9 39.2 20.7 30.7 31.8 26.7 25.3 26.5 26.1 : : 31.8 8.2 17.2 7.7 11.81996 37.3 43.2 31.4 37.3 41.4 23.4 34.3 30.8 26.8 26.0 26.7 26.2 33.3 : 28.6 17.9 19.7 9.0 11.91997 36.9 44.6 33.4 44.2 46.9 27.1 35.0 33.2 28.8 25.1 28.2 27.6 35.2 : 37.8 21.0 21.5 9.5 12.31998 35.1 42.5 34.1 36.3 54.5 30.7 30.8 34.8 29.8 24.8 28.9 28.3 36.7 : 41.7 23.6 19.7 8.7 12.31999 47.3 43.3 33.3 36.5 58.4 29.9 31.3 35.1 30.6 25.3 29.7 29.1 34.2 : 38.8 15.3 18.8 8.4 13.02000 41.5 50.0 38.1 39.6 70.5 33.6 26.9 38.4 34.9 26.9 33.4 32.8 43.3 50.0 47.2 13.7 22.6 9.2 14.4

2001 44.2 50.3 38.4 42.2 66.2 30.8 29.8 37.8 34.2 27.2 32.9 32.3 45.2 60.7 42.3 35.9 22.8 9.6 13.22002 41.6 46.4 38.9 45.6 60.2 32.2 29.7 36.0 32.7 26.7 31.6 31.0 47.6 58.6 45.2 36.8 23.0 9.7 13.02003 44.6 48.1 37.0 46.3 60.3 36.0 32.0 35.2 32.4 26.1 31.3 30.5 46.2 46.0 43.4 38.0 23.4 9.9 13.42004 52.1 56.5 38.3 45.5 63.6 36.9 34.9 36.2 33.9 26.3 32.5 31.5 44.8 56.9 50.2 49.1 25.4 11.0 14.72005 57.2 59.8 41.9 45.5 65.0 35.7 34.8 39.1 35.8 27.4 34.4 33.3 47.9 59.8 51.0 45.1 24.4 12.5 15.52006 64.1 62.4 46.6 46.4 75.0 39.9 36.9 41.1 38.4 29.2 36.8 35.5 49.1 77.4 54.8 47.5 26.5 14.5 16.22007 71.2 64.0 48.6 46.2 77.4 42.1 38.8 41.9 39.5 27.2 37.3 35.9 55.0 85.7 62.0 48.3 26.1 15.6 16.52008 72.3 61.1 50.7 46.5 78.9 42.9 39.0 43.9 40.3 29.1 38.6 37.1 52.1 92.8 68.3 50.2 27.1 17.0 17.42009 50.5 54.8 42.6 38.2 70.4 38.0 32.4 38.4 34.7 28.0 33.7 32.5 49.9 65.1 54.4 39.7 23.4 12.0 13.72010 53.3 62.9 43.6 38.0 76.5 42.1 38.8 39.8 38.8 30.3 37.5 36.1 48.6 62.7 58.1 44.5 25.5 13.6 15.7

2011 58.7 67.5 47.4 40.8 80.5 44.5 42.8 41.0 41.6 31.6 40.1 38.6 52.0 64.3 66.1 45.8 30.4 15.5 17.32012 63.9 71.4 48.6 41.1 79.5 44.9 42.5 40.6 42.0 31.1 40.3 38.7 47.6 68.1 66.8 49.6 28.6 16.1 17.02013 65.3 71.1 48.2 42.3 78.6 44.4 40.7 38.8 41.5 31.2 39.9 38.3 47.0 61.4 61.5 48.1 28.1 18.2 16.52014 65.8 76.2 47.7 43.4 81.1 46.1 41.6 40.1 42.0 29.9 40.0 38.3 47.2 60.0 64.9 50.2 27.6 20.0 16.42015 63.0 75.1 48.6 45.8 80.0 46.4 41.6 40.3 42.8 29.0 40.4 38.7 44.5 60.6 65.0 52.3 26.0 18.0 15.32016 59.1 71.8 46.9 46.0 78.4 48.2 42.1 39.6 42.3 30.1 40.3 38.6 45.8 63.1 65.5 53.4 24.9 15.3 14.62017 63.0 72.2 47.4 48.8 79.9 50.2 43.6 41.2 44.1 31.6 42.2 40.4 46.6 64.5 69.2 57.1 29.3 16.8 15.02018 63.3 72.0 49.5 49.9 80.6 52.2 44.9 43.3 45.0 31.8 43.0 41.1 45.4 66.7 72.9 59.3 30.6 18.2 15.32019 58.5 70.7 49.7 51.4 80.1 52.3 44.6 44.1 45.5 31.8 43.4 41.5 45.2 68.8 78.2 62.4 31.2 18.0 14.92020 58.2 68.7 50.1 52.2 79.3 52.6 44.8 44.2 45.7 31.8 43.6 41.6 44.8 69.0 83.1 64.4 31.5 18.1 14.9

2021 58.4 67.6 50.0 52.8 79.5 52.7 45.0 44.0 46.1 31.8 43.9 41.9 44.6 67.9 87.1 66.2 31.7 18.3 14.9


90


41. Imports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 8.5 9.9 : 9.8 11.3 18.5 10.5 11.4 : : : 6.1 : 9.8 8.3 11.2 : : 7.8 : 10.2

1971-1980 5.0 5.3 : 6.5 8.0 6.3 7.0 4.3 : : : 3.5 : 4.3 6.9 6.3 : : 4.2 : 5.5

1981-1990 4.0 4.0 : 5.1 5.0 8.8 4.3 4.8 : : : 5.1 : 3.7 3.9 9.6 : : 4.0 : 4.6

1991 2.9 10.9 : 2.4 5.8 10.3 3.0 1.7 : : : 9.1 : 6.3 5.1 8.4 -22.4 : -13.3 : 5.81992 4.1 3.0 : 8.2 1.1 6.8 1.8 6.4 : : : -3.1 : 2.9 2.1 11.0 -22.9 : 0.7 : 3.71993 -0.4 -6.7 : 7.5 0.6 -5.2 -3.3 -12.0 : : : 5.2 : 0.4 -5.5 -1.5 17.6 -0.4 1.4 : -4.71994 7.3 8.2 11.2 15.5 1.5 11.4 8.9 7.2 : : : 6.7 : 9.0 10.3 10.6 13.1 -4.7 12.8 : 8.71995 4.7 7.0 6.3 16.4 8.9 11.1 7.5 8.8 16.6 : : 4.2 : 10.2 5.9 9.4 11.3 11.6 8.2 : 8.01996 5.6 4.1 7.9 12.8 9.9 7.3 2.4 -1.2 5.9 26.7 29.5 4.5 -5.9 5.3 4.2 5.9 2.4 16.5 7.2 4.1 4.01997 8.2 9.2 29.4 16.6 8.4 12.9 8.0 10.4 1.0 4.5 29.2 11.4 -1.7 10.9 7.3 10.3 11.7 9.5 11.9 9.7 9.71998 5.1 9.4 13.0 27.8 18.2 14.0 11.9 9.0 1.0 16.8 6.4 13.8 2.5 8.3 5.8 14.6 10.1 -1.8 8.5 10.2 10.31999 3.4 8.9 -5.7 12.6 14.5 13.7 7.0 4.5 2.9 -5.2 -14.5 12.9 10.1 9.8 4.1 9.0 8.4 -3.7 4.3 7.8 8.02000 13.0 10.8 -5.4 21.7 20.2 9.6 15.4 11.0 9.4 2.7 6.6 13.7 10.4 11.3 10.2 5.5 6.6 6.3 14.9 12.1 12.2

1991-2000 5.3 6.4 : 13.9 8.7 9.1 6.1 4.4 : : : 7.7 : 7.4 4.9 8.2 2.6 : 5.3 : 6.5

2001 -0.8 0.8 12.4 13.1 1.0 3.7 2.4 2.4 0.3 15.6 19.7 6.6 -9.2 2.5 5.2 1.0 3.6 18.9 1.4 2.5 2.32002 1.1 -2.6 13.3 5.3 -3.4 3.7 1.9 0.6 -1.0 2.7 20.1 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.3 -0.3 5.6 5.5 4.3 0.5 0.42003 1.5 5.6 14.0 -2.4 7.4 6.0 0.9 0.7 -0.5 11.9 9.6 4.7 4.6 2.0 3.5 -0.2 6.5 8.1 4.1 3.0 2.92004 6.3 7.8 16.1 1.9 4.4 9.7 6.2 4.6 7.4 21.0 15.5 11.6 -1.2 6.4 8.0 7.4 14.0 22.6 8.1 7.0 6.82005 6.4 5.9 16.7 12.7 0.9 7.0 6.3 3.4 1.0 16.9 20.3 5.8 6.0 5.4 5.5 2.2 7.3 14.9 11.2 6.1 5.92006 5.1 11.1 20.7 9.3 13.3 8.2 5.6 8.0 5.7 21.4 14.3 12.4 18.4 7.7 5.9 7.6 12.4 19.2 6.6 8.5 8.32007 5.6 6.2 13.0 9.4 15.5 8.2 5.8 5.5 9.6 17.3 10.8 6.7 8.1 7.8 5.6 5.6 17.1 9.7 7.4 6.9 6.72008 3.8 2.3 -6.2 -2.8 1.3 -5.5 1.3 -4.0 13.0 -10.7 12.2 9.2 19.5 -0.7 1.0 2.2 4.1 4.1 8.0 0.4 0.32009 -10.9 -9.7 -30.6 -1.7 -20.4 -18.3 -9.4 -13.1 -15.3 -31.7 -28.0 -13.7 0.3 -7.8 -11.9 -9.5 -18.4 -18.9 -17.0 -11.4 -11.02010 9.7 12.9 21.3 0.4 -3.4 6.2 8.9 12.2 10.8 12.4 16.5 12.2 7.6 8.5 12.0 7.8 6.6 16.6 6.3 9.7 9.6

2001-2010 2.6 3.9 7.8 4.4 1.2 2.5 2.9 1.8 2.8 6.3 10.1 5.4 5.2 3.1 3.3 2.3 5.4 9.4 3.7 3.2 3.1

2011 5.6 7.3 27.2 2.7 -9.4 -0.6 5.8 0.6 -2.6 22.0 14.2 5.3 -0.5 3.9 6.0 -6.2 5.3 7.8 6.2 4.3 4.12012 -0.7 0.1 9.7 -0.9 -9.1 -5.8 0.2 -8.1 -3.6 5.4 5.2 4.8 5.0 2.2 0.9 -6.3 -3.5 2.1 1.1 -1.2 -1.42013 -0.2 2.7 2.4 1.0 -2.4 -0.2 2.4 -2.7 -4.6 0.4 5.8 5.1 0.0 2.2 0.7 4.7 2.1 5.6 0.1 1.4 1.32014 5.5 3.9 3.0 14.6 7.7 6.8 4.9 3.5 7.6 3.0 -1.7 19.5 0.2 3.3 3.0 7.9 4.2 4.5 -0.9 4.9 5.02015 3.9 5.8 -1.9 33.2 0.4 5.1 5.9 6.5 8.1 1.7 9.4 3.4 18.1 14.5 3.6 8.0 4.3 8.5 1.8 7.6 7.72016 7.5 4.3 6.0 18.4 0.3 2.6 2.9 3.9 9.0 3.8 4.0 1.6 1.6 -2.0 3.7 5.0 6.7 4.8 5.8 4.1 4.12017 4.4 5.2 4.2 1.1 7.1 6.6 3.9 6.2 12.8 8.4 11.5 0.6 -0.4 6.2 5.0 8.1 10.7 3.9 4.1 5.0 4.92018 2.1 3.6 5.7 -2.9 4.2 3.3 1.2 3.0 2.4 6.4 6.0 -0.3 2.6 3.3 4.6 5.8 7.7 5.0 5.0 2.7 2.62019 0.6 2.5 3.4 22.3 5.1 0.5 2.1 0.7 2.6 4.2 7.1 1.9 2.6 2.9 2.6 4.6 9.2 1.6 1.8 3.2 3.22020 1.6 2.7 2.1 4.2 4.0 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.2 4.6 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.3 3.9 5.8 3.8 2.5 2.6 2.6

2011-2020 3.0 3.8 5.9 8.8 0.6 2.0 3.2 1.5 3.3 5.6 6.5 4.2 3.0 3.8 3.2 3.4 5.2 4.7 2.7 3.5 3.4

2021 1.9 2.8 2.7 4.1 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.8 3.4 2.2 1.8 2.3 2.0 4.0 5.5 4.1 3.0 2.7 2.6


91


41. Imports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 8.3 : : : : 7.2 : 3.8 : 8.7 : : : : 7.0 14.5 7.5

1971-1980 : : 3.0 : : : : 2.4 : 3.4 : 5.0 : : : : 8.3 5.4 3.8

1981-1990 : : 4.0 : : : : 3.9 : 5.3 : 4.6 : : : : 9.9 6.1 6.9

1991 : -31.8 4.0 : : 29.7 -31.8 -4.9 : -4.5 : 3.9 : : : : -5.2 -1.1 -0.21992 : 26.0 -0.1 : 0.7 1.8 1.3 1.6 : 6.6 : 3.9 : : : : 10.9 -1.1 7.01993 : 18.8 -1.4 : 20.0 13.1 4.4 -2.7 : 3.1 : -3.5 : : : : 35.8 -1.3 8.61994 : 9.5 13.3 : 8.8 11.3 -1.2 12.9 : 5.7 : 8.5 : : : : -21.9 8.2 11.91995 : 20.1 6.8 : 22.3 24.2 29.7 7.1 : 5.3 : 7.5 : : : : 29.6 12.9 8.01996 -1.3 11.8 3.1 10.1 7.0 27.2 9.0 3.5 4.5 9.2 5.2 4.7 : : -8.6 65.4 20.5 11.0 8.71997 -0.4 5.8 9.2 29.1 24.0 21.3 10.5 12.3 10.2 7.0 9.7 9.4 -8.7 : 26.4 32.9 22.4 0.3 13.51998 -2.2 5.5 7.6 -10.8 22.6 18.6 11.5 11.3 10.3 7.4 9.9 9.8 19.0 : 7.4 -8.9 2.3 -6.7 11.71999 16.5 4.8 2.5 -3.2 13.3 1.1 -4.3 5.1 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.7 15.4 : 0.1 -33.4 -3.6 3.6 11.32000 -9.7 14.5 13.7 7.0 23.2 15.5 -8.2 11.7 12.2 9.5 11.8 11.8 49.5 : 26.8 25.6 22.0 9.3 12.9

1991-2000 : 7.2 5.8 : : 16.0 0.9 5.6 : 5.6 : 6.3 : : : : 9.9 3.3 9.3

2001 12.6 11.2 2.4 11.8 5.8 -5.3 23.5 -1.6 2.4 5.6 2.9 2.7 15.2 : -9.7 71.3 -24.1 1.0 -2.82002 6.3 4.8 6.4 18.2 8.7 2.8 10.7 -1.2 1.0 5.3 1.6 1.3 9.8 : 8.5 27.6 21.0 0.7 3.62003 15.2 8.6 -1.0 11.7 9.4 9.6 18.4 3.9 3.5 2.2 3.3 2.8 5.1 : -5.9 18.2 23.2 3.4 4.92004 26.2 26.1 7.2 5.2 17.3 8.1 24.9 6.8 7.6 6.4 7.4 6.7 8.2 : 21.4 30.9 21.2 8.1 11.42005 14.3 12.8 11.4 5.2 7.9 6.3 19.7 7.0 6.5 6.9 6.6 6.2 16.2 : 9.7 -4.0 12.1 6.1 6.52006 15.9 11.5 14.0 8.3 15.5 18.1 26.7 8.4 9.3 10.0 9.4 8.7 8.7 : 9.4 19.0 7.3 4.7 6.62007 22.6 12.9 5.8 6.1 14.0 15.8 41.3 7.7 7.8 -3.0 6.3 5.2 19.4 43.8 15.0 21.4 9.6 2.2 2.52008 4.9 3.2 4.8 4.0 6.0 9.5 11.2 3.5 1.3 -1.9 0.9 0.2 3.6 17.4 5.1 10.1 -2.8 0.7 -2.22009 -21.5 -11.0 -11.9 -20.4 -14.5 -12.4 -20.8 -14.4 -11.8 -7.8 -11.4 -10.7 -1.1 -27.8 -12.3 -21.9 -14.3 -15.7 -13.12010 -0.9 14.7 0.5 -2.5 9.9 14.3 12.6 11.4 9.7 8.1 9.5 9.2 -0.6 -3.1 10.4 -0.1 19.5 11.2 13.1

2001-2010 8.7 9.1 3.7 4.2 7.6 6.3 15.7 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.1 8.3 : 4.6 15.0 6.0 2.0 2.8

2011 9.9 6.7 7.4 2.5 4.3 5.8 10.1 7.3 4.7 1.5 4.3 4.0 6.2 0.3 8.0 7.2 15.4 5.8 5.62012 5.6 2.7 2.7 -3.0 -3.5 -0.3 -1.8 0.8 -1.0 1.8 -0.6 -0.8 -6.7 0.6 8.2 -0.6 0.7 5.4 2.72013 4.3 0.1 1.5 3.1 4.3 1.7 8.8 0.0 1.5 3.4 1.7 1.5 -0.6 -3.1 2.2 6.5 8.0 3.3 1.52014 5.2 10.1 3.9 3.1 11.0 10.0 8.7 6.1 5.4 3.6 5.2 4.8 4.3 1.6 14.1 5.1 -0.4 8.3 5.02015 4.8 6.8 4.6 9.2 6.0 6.6 8.0 5.7 7.4 5.4 7.2 7.2 -2.9 4.4 9.9 4.0 1.7 0.8 5.32016 5.2 2.8 4.2 6.2 3.4 7.6 16.5 3.8 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.1 6.9 15.3 11.1 6.7 3.7 -1.6 2.02017 7.4 5.9 3.6 8.1 8.2 9.8 10.8 4.8 5.3 3.5 5.1 4.7 8.1 8.4 6.4 11.1 10.3 3.4 4.72018 5.7 5.9 3.3 5.5 6.8 7.6 9.1 3.6 3.2 0.7 2.9 2.4 3.9 9.2 9.0 11.6 -7.8 3.4 4.42019 0.5 2.0 1.4 6.3 6.2 5.9 7.3 1.6 3.3 2.8 3.3 3.0 4.8 3.9 10.2 9.5 -10.8 -0.7 2.22020 3.8 1.6 2.6 5.3 4.0 5.6 5.6 0.7 2.7 3.1 2.8 2.6 4.4 2.3 10.1 7.8 3.2 0.3 2.0

2011-2020 5.2 4.4 3.5 4.6 5.0 6.0 8.2 3.4 3.7 3.0 3.6 3.3 2.7 4.2 8.9 6.8 2.1 2.8 3.5

2021 3.7 2.3 1.9 4.6 4.5 5.4 5.1 0.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 4.0 1.4 9.3 7.5 3.9 0.5 1.8


92


42. Intra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 18.6 5.3 : 20.1 7.3 2.2 3.5 4.4 : : : : 18.4 : : 8.1 : : :

1965 23.8 7.9 : 24.1 8.6 6.1 5.0 4.6 : : : : 21.9 : 14.3 9.7 : : 11.8

1970 28.8 8.9 : 26.6 8.5 5.1 7.5 6.7 : : : : 23.5 : 15.8 11.1 : : 14.4

1975 32.8 9.7 : 29.0 9.2 5.3 8.2 8.1 : : : : 20.8 : 15.5 9.0 : : 14.4

1980 37.3 12.0 : 37.9 8.3 4.9 10.0 10.4 : : : : 22.8 : 19.4 13.6 : : 14.0

1985 46.9 13.8 : 31.9 10.8 6.5 11.3 10.1 : : : : 27.8 : 19.2 13.6 : : 12.1

1990 45.2 12.9 : 30.7 13.7 9.8 13.0 9.5 : : : : 27.1 : 22.3 22.3 : : 12.8

1991 44.6 12.9 : 29.9 13.0 9.7 13.1 9.0 : : : : 26.1 : 21.9 22.0 : : 11.21992 41.8 11.9 : 28.9 13.6 9.7 12.6 9.0 : : : : 25.4 : 20.9 21.5 : : 12.81993 36.8 9.8 : 27.3 12.8 9.6 11.0 8.3 : : : : 23.0 : 18.9 19.1 : : 13.21994 37.4 10.2 : 29.5 12.5 11.1 12.0 9.3 : : : : 24.4 : 19.8 19.9 : : 14.01995 39.4 10.8 : 30.2 13.3 12.6 12.4 10.7 : : : : 21.5 : 20.9 20.3 : : 14.31996 42.4 11.1 : 30.1 12.5 13.1 12.5 9.7 : : : : 26.1 : 21.5 21.9 : : 15.51997 44.7 11.9 : 29.2 12.2 12.9 12.9 10.3 : : : : 26.8 : 22.7 22.8 : : 16.01998 46.4 12.4 : 29.5 13.7 15.6 13.8 10.7 : : : : 25.9 : 23.4 24.2 : : 16.11999 46.2 14.3 43.7 29.8 14.3 14.9 14.5 11.6 16.8 29.9 25.5 41.6 26.4 46.0 27.1 24.7 36.5 40.6 16.42000 53.1 16.2 52.7 32.3 16.5 17.7 16.7 12.8 18.4 29.9 24.9 44.4 27.9 51.0 29.6 25.8 40.9 43.4 18.3

2001 54.3 16.2 45.6 31.0 15.6 16.9 16.1 12.6 19.0 31.9 27.1 47.2 26.1 40.3 30.6 24.9 39.7 49.7 17.52002 55.9 15.5 44.7 27.3 14.6 16.1 15.1 12.2 18.6 32.7 29.8 44.4 25.5 40.3 29.7 23.8 37.6 48.7 17.02003 54.4 16.0 42.5 20.6 14.4 15.9 15.2 12.0 16.8 33.4 28.7 42.3 25.1 40.6 31.3 22.7 37.4 49.3 16.92004 56.4 16.7 50.6 21.0 14.9 16.4 15.5 12.3 22.1 37.1 34.7 43.8 25.8 44.0 33.2 22.4 44.2 54.5 17.52005 59.6 17.6 55.4 21.6 14.4 16.1 15.5 12.4 23.4 38.4 35.4 43.8 26.3 44.1 32.6 25.1 46.9 55.1 19.12006 61.6 19.3 58.8 21.6 14.6 16.1 16.2 13.2 23.3 40.8 40.2 45.1 27.7 45.0 32.8 26.1 50.3 59.2 20.42007 61.7 19.9 54.9 21.7 15.5 16.6 16.5 13.4 24.7 38.2 41.9 40.5 28.5 45.0 33.5 26.2 51.5 58.7 20.42008 63.0 20.2 52.3 21.3 15.2 15.3 16.7 12.8 25.9 34.0 37.2 42.8 29.4 44.9 33.6 26.8 50.1 55.6 19.92009 51.7 17.6 41.1 17.3 12.8 12.3 14.5 10.9 21.8 28.2 28.8 35.1 25.0 39.2 27.9 23.0 39.6 46.7 15.62010 56.2 19.6 49.8 18.7 12.1 13.6 15.8 12.6 23.5 37.7 35.7 37.4 28.4 40.6 31.6 24.9 45.3 51.9 17.7

2011 60.4 21.3 57.0 20.4 12.2 14.5 16.9 13.2 21.8 44.9 41.5 39.2 30.6 48.8 34.3 24.8 49.7 59.1 18.82012 59.8 20.8 60.7 20.2 11.9 13.8 16.9 12.5 20.2 47.4 43.0 37.1 31.8 55.2 33.4 23.9 49.5 60.4 18.62013 57.5 20.5 59.9 20.7 12.3 13.9 16.5 12.4 18.6 47.1 45.2 34.1 31.1 43.0 32.6 24.1 48.3 61.5 18.92014 55.0 20.3 55.8 21.3 13.0 15.0 16.2 12.5 22.3 46.0 46.5 32.3 30.3 37.8 31.6 25.5 46.9 61.5 19.02015 51.0 20.5 51.4 17.5 13.0 15.9 16.2 13.1 22.6 43.1 46.1 29.2 30.7 37.6 31.4 25.7 48.4 65.3 18.82016 50.8 20.2 50.9 17.7 13.7 15.6 16.1 13.2 24.8 41.8 45.2 27.7 30.0 31.2 31.1 25.6 48.5 67.5 18.52017 52.3 21.0 50.4 18.2 14.5 16.0 16.6 13.9 24.7 44.1 47.7 29.7 31.7 29.2 32.5 27.1 51.5 69.6 19.82018 53.4 21.6 47.7 18.1 15.4 16.0 16.7 14.2 24.8 42.9 47.1 29.7 32.3 31.4 33.0 28.0 52.6 71.1 19.92019 51.8 21.5 46.5 18.0 16.6 15.5 16.7 14.4 24.4 42.4 47.1 29.9 32.2 31.4 32.7 28.8 51.7 70.2 19.52020 51.0 21.2 45.2 18.0 17.3 15.4 16.8 14.7 24.2 41.4 47.1 29.8 32.2 31.0 32.7 29.2 49.7 70.7 19.4

2021 50.3 21.4 44.6 18.1 17.7 15.4 16.9 15.0 23.7 41.0 46.5 29.7 32.3 30.3 32.6 29.6 48.0 71.6 19.4


93


42. Intra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 : : 15.4 : : : : : 3.9 :

1965 : : 17.2 : : : : 11.3 5.0 : 8.0

1970 : : 17.8 : : : : 12.1 5.7 : 9.6

1975 : : 16.8 : : : : 13.8 9.4 : 10.9

1980 : : 18.3 : : : : 14.2 9.4 : 12.5

1985 : : 18.9 : : : : 16.1 11.0 : 13.8

1990 : : 16.2 : : : : 13.8 10.5 : 13.8

1991 : : 16.4 : : : : 12.0 9.2 : 13.31992 : : 15.9 : : : : 11.7 9.6 : 13.01993 : : 15.1 : : : : 13.4 9.7 : 11.91994 : : 16.2 : : : : 14.9 10.3 : 12.81995 : : 17.8 : : : : 16.8 10.9 : 13.51996 : : 17.0 : : : : 15.8 11.0 : 13.81997 : : 18.2 : : : : 16.7 10.6 : 14.21998 : : 18.6 : : : : 17.6 10.4 : 14.81999 22.1 33.7 18.9 : 41.0 19.5 20.0 18.0 10.6 : 15.72000 26.0 39.0 20.0 : 45.1 19.7 22.9 19.0 10.9 : 17.4

2001 29.2 40.2 20.0 : 41.3 18.4 25.8 18.4 11.2 : 17.22002 27.8 35.9 21.0 28.5 36.3 19.4 26.5 17.9 11.7 17.4 16.82003 29.7 37.1 19.3 29.9 36.2 21.9 28.3 18.0 11.0 17.4 16.62004 31.5 47.1 19.2 28.4 39.9 26.4 28.7 18.9 10.9 18.1 17.12005 32.7 45.7 20.3 27.8 41.3 25.0 26.0 20.2 11.4 18.6 17.62006 34.6 48.3 21.8 28.6 47.7 26.9 26.6 21.1 12.7 19.8 18.62007 39.6 50.0 22.3 27.8 47.6 28.3 28.7 22.3 11.0 20.1 18.72008 38.4 46.1 22.1 27.7 46.9 27.9 27.2 22.4 11.5 20.4 19.02009 27.2 39.6 18.0 21.1 40.7 24.6 22.8 18.6 10.6 17.4 16.32010 29.7 45.7 18.0 20.2 45.7 26.3 27.1 20.1 11.7 19.4 18.1

2011 33.8 49.7 19.5 22.5 50.5 27.9 30.3 21.1 12.3 20.8 19.32012 35.6 51.4 19.7 23.0 52.5 26.9 30.2 20.1 12.2 20.5 19.02013 36.8 52.9 19.9 25.3 53.0 27.3 29.1 18.9 12.3 20.4 18.82014 37.6 57.4 19.6 30.1 56.1 28.5 29.3 19.2 11.9 20.3 18.62015 37.1 58.5 19.6 32.3 56.6 29.1 30.3 19.2 11.5 20.2 18.42016 35.7 57.7 19.5 32.6 57.2 30.6 30.5 19.4 11.9 20.3 18.52017 37.0 58.8 19.7 34.9 57.6 31.7 30.5 20.3 12.5 21.3 19.32018 36.4 57.6 20.4 36.1 57.7 31.5 30.5 21.5 12.5 21.7 19.72019 34.4 55.6 20.1 37.2 55.8 31.6 30.2 21.5 11.9 21.5 19.52020 33.9 53.3 20.3 37.8 55.2 31.6 30.2 21.5 11.7 21.5 19.5

2021 34.2 51.6 20.2 38.4 55.3 31.4 30.5 21.3 11.6 21.6 19.5


94


43. Extra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 14.1 8.1 : 11.2 8.8 3.3 6.4 7.3 : : : : 15.4 : : 7.4 : :

1965 11.6 6.7 : 9.7 6.1 5.5 5.1 6.1 : : : : 10.9 : 6.4 7.7 : : 7.2

1970 13.0 6.6 : 8.7 6.4 6.3 5.4 6.5 : : : : 11.6 : 7.2 7.8 : : 9.0

1975 13.6 7.2 : 10.3 9.5 8.5 6.8 8.9 : : : : 14.7 : 7.8 9.4 : : 11.4

1980 19.2 9.9 : 12.6 10.4 9.7 9.2 10.5 : : : : 17.1 : 10.3 14.6 : : 15.0

1985 17.7 10.2 : 14.2 10.4 9.9 8.1 10.0 : : : : 17.1 : 10.8 14.6 : : 11.4

1990 12.8 8.7 : 11.4 6.5 6.6 5.4 5.9 : : : : 11.6 : 7.3 9.3 : : 6.2

1991 12.6 7.9 : 11.6 7.4 7.0 5.1 5.6 : : : : 12.1 : 7.3 7.8 : : 5.81992 11.0 7.2 : 11.1 6.0 6.1 4.6 5.1 : : : : 10.3 : 6.8 6.9 : : 5.91993 13.7 6.8 : 14.1 5.8 6.0 4.3 5.6 : : : : 9.1 : 6.3 6.6 : : 7.11994 16.5 7.0 : 14.5 5.2 6.2 4.8 5.9 : : : : 10.0 : 7.2 7.2 : : 8.41995 15.5 6.8 : 15.9 5.6 5.7 5.5 6.8 : : : : 14.1 : 6.6 6.8 : : 6.81996 15.0 6.9 : 14.5 6.8 5.7 5.6 6.1 : : : : 15.9 : 7.4 6.6 : : 7.31997 21.2 8.2 : 16.4 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.6 : : : : 18.9 : 8.2 7.1 : : 8.91998 20.5 8.6 : 18.4 7.2 6.5 6.6 6.5 : : : : 18.7 : 8.4 6.8 : : 8.41999 17.7 7.3 15.9 17.6 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.0 11.7 9.5 16.8 8.9 19.7 23.6 5.7 6.6 8.1 13.8 7.32000 21.8 9.4 22.0 18.7 8.9 8.4 8.1 8.1 13.0 10.3 20.5 8.5 24.4 33.1 7.1 7.9 9.4 18.3 9.0

2001 21.1 8.8 23.1 15.3 8.6 7.7 7.7 7.6 13.2 10.0 22.4 10.7 22.3 22.0 7.2 7.6 9.1 19.2 7.72002 20.8 8.1 20.2 13.4 9.0 7.2 6.9 7.1 13.7 9.5 22.6 8.9 20.7 18.8 6.8 6.0 8.7 17.8 7.32003 19.5 8.2 22.9 12.2 9.4 7.0 6.4 6.8 11.0 10.8 22.4 12.3 20.6 18.9 6.7 5.9 9.3 16.8 7.82004 21.0 8.7 18.0 10.9 8.5 7.7 6.7 7.3 9.7 11.9 19.9 13.9 22.7 16.1 6.6 6.6 7.3 14.5 8.52005 23.0 9.7 17.2 10.8 8.9 9.0 7.4 8.3 10.4 12.6 24.1 16.6 26.8 14.0 7.6 7.3 9.2 15.6 9.52006 24.6 11.0 20.2 9.9 10.0 10.0 7.2 9.5 10.6 12.5 23.8 18.8 29.1 18.7 8.0 7.8 10.8 19.4 11.52007 25.7 10.9 14.9 9.3 11.1 9.8 7.2 9.7 11.0 11.1 19.4 14.5 29.5 15.8 8.4 8.0 14.2 19.8 11.42008 27.1 11.5 13.2 9.1 11.9 10.5 7.8 10.5 12.2 11.0 27.4 14.5 31.7 13.9 9.1 9.0 16.3 20.4 12.22009 21.8 9.6 10.0 9.1 9.6 7.4 6.4 7.9 8.3 9.2 19.9 14.0 25.9 13.1 7.7 6.3 13.0 15.6 8.42010 25.1 11.4 12.6 9.7 9.8 9.4 7.3 10.2 9.8 11.8 27.4 9.2 32.1 17.3 8.9 7.7 17.2 20.1 9.9

2011 28.8 12.2 17.6 10.3 11.0 11.0 8.2 11.2 9.7 12.9 31.6 8.9 35.0 17.3 10.0 9.0 19.2 21.5 11.82012 28.7 11.9 17.3 11.2 13.2 11.7 8.3 10.9 9.0 13.2 31.6 11.1 38.2 16.4 10.3 9.6 19.2 21.5 11.02013 29.1 11.2 13.1 10.0 13.1 11.2 7.8 10.0 7.8 11.8 29.7 9.1 36.1 17.5 10.0 9.4 20.6 21.3 9.62014 29.7 10.7 12.5 10.5 13.1 11.2 7.5 9.4 12.3 11.2 24.4 8.1 35.8 22.5 9.5 8.6 21.0 19.4 8.92015 30.2 10.8 11.6 9.0 10.8 10.2 7.2 9.2 13.0 11.2 22.0 11.2 36.2 18.7 9.5 7.9 20.8 17.7 7.02016 28.9 10.3 11.4 9.3 10.3 9.6 6.9 8.5 12.7 10.2 18.4 8.1 34.0 25.0 8.8 7.3 19.9 16.7 6.82017 28.9 10.7 11.8 9.6 12.1 10.8 7.3 9.2 16.0 12.0 19.8 6.0 37.2 17.8 9.5 8.4 22.7 17.6 7.82018 29.6 10.9 14.6 10.2 13.9 11.4 7.5 9.8 18.4 14.4 21.3 4.2 38.3 12.1 9.5 9.0 25.6 17.6 8.52019 30.3 10.9 14.2 10.3 13.9 11.1 7.7 9.9 19.3 14.3 21.6 4.1 38.4 12.1 9.4 9.1 30.2 17.4 8.72020 30.9 10.8 14.0 10.2 14.1 11.1 7.8 10.0 20.0 14.3 22.2 3.8 38.8 11.9 9.4 9.4 33.6 17.5 9.0

2021 31.6 10.6 13.9 10.3 14.0 11.3 7.9 10.1 20.9 14.5 23.1 3.5 39.4 11.7 9.3 9.6 36.7 17.7 9.3


95


43. Extra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 : : 12.8 : : : : : 13.3 :

1965 : : 8.7 : : : : 6.5 10.5 : 7.4

1970 : : 8.0 : : : : 6.7 10.4 : 7.5

1975 : : 8.8 : : : : 8.4 11.8 : 8.9

1980 : : 9.0 : : : : 9.8 9.7 : 10.6

1985 : : 9.9 : : : : 9.0 9.3 : 10.2

1990 : : 6.4 : : : : 6.9 8.2 : 7.4

1991 : : 6.5 : : : : 6.2 7.6 : 7.11992 : : 7.1 : : : : 5.8 7.7 : 6.61993 : : 5.5 : : : : 6.6 8.1 : 6.61994 : : 5.4 : : : : 7.7 7.9 : 7.01995 : : 5.5 : : : : 6.1 8.6 : 7.41996 : : 5.5 : : : : 5.5 8.8 : 7.41997 : : 7.7 : : : : 7.9 9.1 : 8.71998 : : 7.8 : : : : 7.8 9.1 : 8.71999 18.1 10.3 6.8 : 16.1 7.5 9.0 7.2 8.7 : 8.12000 23.1 12.8 7.7 : 22.9 8.8 12.2 8.8 10.1 : 10.1

2001 21.9 13.6 7.5 : 21.2 8.0 12.7 7.9 9.7 : 9.62002 20.3 13.5 7.1 11.2 19.4 8.4 12.3 7.3 8.7 9.0 8.82003 21.5 14.8 7.0 11.1 19.8 9.5 13.2 7.0 8.4 8.8 8.62004 23.6 11.5 7.9 11.5 18.2 8.6 14.8 7.3 8.5 9.2 9.02005 19.3 10.4 8.3 13.1 17.6 8.2 15.1 8.5 9.0 10.2 10.12006 21.7 11.6 8.4 14.0 20.0 9.9 15.3 9.2 9.9 11.1 11.02007 27.7 12.3 8.3 15.2 20.6 10.3 11.5 9.1 9.5 11.2 10.92008 29.0 13.8 8.7 15.7 21.5 10.9 11.8 10.0 10.9 12.1 11.92009 18.0 11.1 7.7 12.5 18.3 9.2 8.3 8.8 10.8 10.0 9.92010 20.9 15.3 7.8 13.3 21.5 10.8 10.2 9.9 12.2 11.9 11.7

2011 23.0 16.9 8.2 13.9 21.9 11.9 11.3 9.8 13.2 13.1 12.82012 25.0 16.8 8.3 13.8 21.8 12.8 10.8 9.8 13.4 13.3 13.12013 24.8 16.0 8.4 12.5 20.9 12.3 9.3 8.6 11.4 12.4 12.12014 23.3 16.8 8.6 9.4 18.5 12.4 9.6 8.7 10.6 12.0 11.72015 20.6 17.2 8.6 9.2 17.3 12.1 9.0 8.2 9.9 11.6 11.42016 18.1 15.6 7.9 9.8 16.4 11.7 9.0 7.9 11.7 11.4 11.22017 20.8 16.5 8.5 10.0 18.1 12.5 9.7 8.1 11.6 12.0 11.82018 20.9 17.7 8.7 10.3 19.4 13.9 10.3 9.1 11.1 12.4 12.12019 19.5 18.3 9.1 10.5 21.2 13.9 10.2 9.2 11.4 12.6 12.32020 19.9 18.4 9.2 10.4 20.9 14.1 10.2 9.3 11.4 12.7 12.3

2021 19.9 18.8 9.3 10.3 21.0 14.3 10.0 9.3 11.5 12.8 12.4


96


44. Balance on current transactions with the rest of the world (National accounts)



1960 0.2 1.6 : -0.1 -0.4 3.8 1.9 0.8 : : : : : 3.0 -1.1 -2.5 : : -0.9 : :

1965 1.0 -1.3 : -4.4 -4.6 -3.8 0.9 3.3 : : : : : 0.1 -0.5 -3.4 : : -2.3 : :

1970 2.9 1.1 : -4.0 -1.8 0.2 -0.1 0.7 : : : : : 1.2 0.6 -1.9 : : -2.4 : :

1975 0.0 1.2 : -1.5 0.5 -2.9 0.1 -0.1 : : : : : 3.9 -0.1 -5.8 : : -7.5 : :

1980 -4.0 -1.8 : -11.7 1.9 -2.5 -2.0 -2.2 : : : : : 0.1 -4.5 -8.6 : : -3.0 : :

1985 0.4 2.8 : -3.8 -3.2 1.2 -1.7 -0.9 : : : : : 3.4 -1.1 -4.3 : : -1.5 : :

1990 1.5 3.7 : -1.8 -2.9 -3.8 -1.6 -1.5 : 0.1 : : : 2.5 -0.8 -5.9 2.4 : -5.0 : :

1991 0.4

1991 2.0 -1.4 : -0.4 -2.1 -3.7 -1.5 -1.9 : : : : : 3.0 -2.2 -7.5 8.5 : -5.4 : : 1992 2.7 -1.2 : 0.4 -0.2 -3.7 -0.3 -2.3 : 12.7 : : : 2.3 -2.5 -6.9 7.3 : -4.7 : : 1993 4.4 -0.9 1.2 3.7 -0.8 -1.2 0.8 0.8 : 17.8 -3.1 : : 4.4 -1.4 -5.5 2.2 -4.1 -1.4 : : 1994 5.6 -1.5 -6.8 2.9 1.3 -1.6 0.4 1.2 : 5.0 : : : 5.3 -2.9 -7.2 3.9 5.3 0.9 : : 1995 5.0 -1.2 -4.0 2.6 -3.4 -1.2 0.6 1.9 -1.1 -2.8 -9.2 10.7 -10.3 6.2 -2.6 -3.4 -1.9 -0.4 3.9 0.4 0.41996 4.2 -0.7 -8.4 2.9 -5.2 -0.9 1.3 2.8 -0.5 -6.8 -8.6 10.6 -11.1 5.8 -2.8 -4.5 -1.4 -11.8 3.6 0.8 0.81997 5.1 -0.5 -10.9 2.8 -3.5 -0.7 2.8 2.6 -5.2 -7.1 -9.7 8.8 -5.9 5.4 -2.5 -6.2 -1.3 -9.8 4.8 1.2 1.31998 4.8 -0.7 -8.5 0.6 -6.7 -1.7 2.7 1.7 6.6 -9.7 -11.5 8.8 -5.8 4.1 -2.0 -7.6 -2.1 -9.5 4.9 0.6 0.71999 5.1 -1.4 -4.3 0.0 -6.5 -3.2 2.9 0.8 -3.1 -9.5 -10.7 5.5 -3.3 5.2 -2.4 -8.8 -4.7 -4.2 6.8 0.3 0.32000 4.3 -1.8 -5.4 0.6 -9.0 -4.3 1.4 -0.3 -5.8 -5.7 -5.8 6.6 -12.0 6.3 -0.7 -10.8 -4.1 -2.2 7.5 -0.4 -0.4

2001 4.5 -0.3 -7.1 0.2 -9.3 -4.4 1.8 0.2 -1.9 -8.4 -4.7 8.1 -3.6 4.3 -0.8 -10.1 -1.3 -6.4 8.2 0.1 0.12002 6.3 1.9 -11.1 0.2 -8.8 -3.7 1.6 -0.5 -3.5 -7.2 -5.2 7.6 2.3 4.9 2.1 -8.6 0.0 -6.5 8.3 0.8 0.92003 6.0 1.4 -12.9 0.5 -11.0 -3.9 1.3 -0.8 -3.4 -8.5 -6.8 3.2 -2.9 6.1 1.5 -6.6 -1.5 -4.8 4.9 0.5 0.52004 4.9 4.5 -11.9 -0.1 -8.7 -5.5 0.9 -0.5 -13.7 -12.9 -7.4 7.1 -4.5 6.6 1.9 -8.2 -3.2 -5.3 5.9 1.1 1.22005 3.9 4.7 -8.7 -3.5 -9.5 -7.3 0.2 -0.9 -15.0 -12.5 -7.0 9.3 -8.0 5.2 2.0 -9.8 -2.3 -6.8 3.2 0.4 0.52006 4.2 5.9 -14.9 -5.4 -12.3 -8.9 0.0 -1.5 -18.9 -21.4 -10.2 1.4 -9.1 7.4 2.8 -10.0 -2.0 -6.2 3.9 0.4 0.52007 4.5 7.0 -14.9 -6.5 -15.6 -9.4 -0.5 -1.4 -28.0 -21.1 -14.9 9.1 -3.0 5.3 3.3 -9.7 -4.4 -3.8 4.1 0.2 0.52008 1.7 5.7 -8.7 -6.2 -15.8 -8.9 -0.7 -2.8 -14.7 -12.7 -13.2 5.6 -2.3 4.3 4.2 -12.2 -5.6 -5.3 2.7 -0.5 -0.32009 2.8 6.0 2.5 -4.7 -12.5 -4.1 -0.4 -1.9 -6.7 7.8 2.1 -2.1 -8.5 5.6 2.4 -9.8 -1.4 -1.9 2.0 0.7 0.72010 2.2 5.9 1.8 -1.2 -11.3 -3.7 -0.8 -3.3 -10.7 1.9 0.2 5.0 -6.3 7.0 3.3 -10.3 -1.1 -3.3 1.5 0.6 0.7

2011 -1.0 6.3 1.3 -1.6 -10.3 -2.7 -1.2 -2.8 -2.3 -3.1 -3.7 1.1 -2.0 8.6 2.2 -5.1 -1.0 -3.7 -1.5 0.9 1.02012 1.0 7.2 -1.9 -3.4 -4.2 0.1 -1.2 -0.2 -3.9 -3.5 -1.6 -0.3 -0.4 10.2 1.9 -1.8 0.9 2.6 -2.1 2.3 2.42013 1.8 6.6 0.3 1.6 -2.2 2.0 -1.0 1.1 -1.5 -2.5 1.7 -1.4 0.1 10.1 1.9 1.0 2.3 3.1 -2.0 2.8 2.92014 1.5 7.4 0.7 1.1 -2.1 1.7 -1.2 1.9 -4.1 -2.3 3.5 -1.0 5.8 9.5 2.5 -0.1 5.1 2.6 -1.4 3.1 3.12015 1.4 8.6 1.8 4.4 -0.2 2.0 -0.5 1.4 -0.5 -0.9 -2.4 0.3 2.8 6.3 1.9 0.0 3.9 -0.6 -0.8 3.4 3.52016 0.6 8.6 1.6 -4.2 -1.1 3.2 -0.6 2.6 -4.2 1.4 -1.1 0.2 3.8 8.1 2.9 0.6 4.9 -2.0 -1.9 3.6 3.72017 1.2 8.3 2.7 0.5 -1.0 2.7 -0.6 2.7 -5.1 1.0 0.5 -0.9 10.5 10.8 1.7 1.0 6.3 -1.8 -0.8 3.8 3.92018 -1.0 7.6 2.0 10.6 -1.1 1.9 -0.6 2.6 -4.4 -0.7 0.3 0.0 9.8 11.2 2.4 0.1 5.8 -1.6 -1.4 3.8 3.82019 -0.8 7.0 1.4 0.8 -0.8 2.4 -0.4 2.9 -8.1 -0.8 1.2 4.4 9.0 9.8 2.2 -0.4 5.8 -2.4 -1.3 3.3 3.42020 -0.9 6.8 1.6 1.3 -1.1 2.5 -0.6 2.9 -10.6 -1.4 1.5 4.4 8.5 9.0 2.1 -0.7 5.5 -2.6 -1.5 3.2 3.3

2021 -1.0 6.4 1.6 1.7 -0.9 2.6 -0.6 2.9 -11.1 -1.8 1.8 4.4 8.2 8.6 2.2 -1.0 5.1 -2.3 -1.7 3.1 3.1


97


44. Balance on current transactions with the rest of the world (National accounts)



1960 : : -1.1 : : : : 0.3 : -0.8 : : : : : : -1.3 0.5 0.8

1965 : : -1.8 : : : : -0.1 : -0.1 : : : : : : -0.8 1.1 0.7

1970 : : -3.4 : : : : -0.1 : 1.5 : : : : : : 0.0 1.0 -0.1

1975 : : -1.6 : : : : 0.1 : -1.5 : : : : : : -2.6 -0.1 0.4

1980 : : -3.3 : : : : -2.2 : 0.7 : : : : : : -3.6 -1.1 -1.3

1985 : : -4.3 : : : : 0.0 : -0.1 : : : : : : -1.1 3.7 -3.9

1990 : : 0.7 : : : : -1.3 : -3.1 : : : : : : -1.3 1.5 -2.9

1991

1991 -4.3 : 0.8 : : -3.8 : -0.7 : -1.3 : : : : : : 0.1 2.0 -1.41992 -7.4 : 2.1 : : 0.3 : -1.9 : -1.5 : : : : : : -0.4 3.0 -2.51993 -9.4 0.9 2.9 : -8.0 0.2 : -1.8 : -1.3 : : : : : : -2.6 3.0 -3.41994 -2.4 -1.3 1.5 : -7.0 2.3 : 0.4 : -0.5 : : : : : : 1.5 2.7 -3.51995 8.9 -3.3 0.7 -4.2 -3.7 1.5 -4.9 2.5 0.4 -0.7 0.3 0.3 : : -6.7 : -1.0 2.0 -2.61996 0.9 -5.9 1.3 -2.1 -4.0 -0.9 -7.2 2.6 0.7 -0.6 0.5 0.7 -7.9 : -7.7 : -1.0 1.4 -2.11997 10.5 -5.4 0.6 -9.3 -4.6 -3.2 -6.2 3.1 1.0 0.0 0.8 1.1 -13.0 : -7.7 : -1.0 2.2 -1.71998 5.5 -1.6 -0.7 -4.7 -7.3 -3.7 -7.2 3.3 0.5 -0.5 0.3 0.6 -6.9 : -7.8 : 0.7 2.8 -1.71999 -3.6 -2.1 2.2 -5.4 -8.4 -5.0 -4.2 3.5 0.2 -2.5 -0.3 -0.1 -1.9 : -1.8 : -0.4 2.5 -2.52000 -5.4 -3.7 1.6 -0.9 -8.7 -5.5 -4.1 3.6 -0.4 -2.3 -0.8 -0.6 -7.1 : -2.7 : -3.6 2.7 -2.9

2001 -5.5 -4.0 3.2 -1.1 -6.5 -2.5 -5.6 3.8 0.1 -2.1 -0.3 -0.1 -6.3 : -6.3 -1.6 1.8 2.0 -2.62002 -2.4 -4.7 3.0 -5.6 -7.1 -2.2 -3.4 4.2 0.7 -2.1 0.2 0.5 -10.2 : -9.4 -5.9 -0.3 2.7 -3.42003 -5.3 -4.4 3.5 -6.7 -8.7 -1.8 -6.2 5.5 0.4 -1.8 0.1 0.3 -7.7 : -3.9 -4.2 -2.4 3.1 -4.42004 -6.3 -3.9 3.2 -4.1 -10.5 -6.1 -8.5 5.6 0.9 -2.3 0.3 0.7 -5.8 : -7.9 -10.9 -3.5 3.8 -4.92005 -11.4 -2.7 4.2 -5.2 -8.9 -3.2 -8.7 5.8 0.3 -1.9 -0.1 0.3 -9.1 -16.6 -2.4 -5.8 -4.2 3.6 -5.22006 -17.1 -3.8 3.3 -6.5 -7.8 -4.0 -11.0 7.4 0.2 -2.8 -0.3 0.2 -6.1 -31.0 -0.4 -9.3 -5.7 3.9 -4.32007 -23.8 -4.7 1.4 -7.0 -7.6 -6.7 -13.6 7.2 -0.1 -3.3 -0.7 0.0 -10.7 -39.4 -6.9 -17.3 -5.5 4.7 -5.02008 -22.1 -4.9 2.9 -8.7 -7.0 -6.6 -11.4 7.0 -0.8 -3.9 -1.3 -0.7 -15.7 -49.5 -12.7 -20.0 -5.1 2.9 -5.92009 -8.2 -3.9 3.5 -4.9 -0.7 -3.4 -4.5 5.8 0.6 -3.3 0.0 0.3 -15.4 -27.7 -6.8 -6.3 -1.7 2.8 -3.92010 -0.7 -5.1 6.6 -1.0 0.3 -4.8 -5.6 5.9 0.6 -3.2 0.0 0.4 -11.3 -20.3 -2.0 -6.5 -5.7 3.9 -3.3

2011 0.6 -4.6 6.6 -0.6 0.6 -4.8 -5.1 4.8 0.8 -1.8 0.4 0.8 -12.9 -14.8 -2.5 -10.3 -8.8 2.1 -2.72012 -0.1 -2.2 6.3 0.5 1.6 -3.3 -4.5 5.2 2.1 -3.4 1.3 1.5 -10.2 -15.3 -3.2 -10.9 -5.5 1.0 -1.32013 2.0 -1.1 7.8 : 3.5 -0.5 -1.0 4.6 : -4.8 : 1.7 -9.3 -11.4 -1.6 -5.8 -6.6 0.9 -1.22014 0.4 -1.2 8.9 : 1.2 -1.4 -0.5 3.9 : -4.7 : 1.9 -10.8 -12.4 -0.5 -5.6 -4.6 0.8 -0.52015 0.6 -1.5 8.2 : 2.3 0.2 -1.1 3.4 : -4.9 : 2.0 -8.6 -11.0 -2.0 -3.5 -3.6 3.1 -0.92016 5.3 0.1 7.9 : 4.7 0.0 -2.0 3.1 : -5.2 : 2.2 -7.6 -16.2 -2.9 -2.9 -3.8 4.0 -1.82017 6.1 0.3 8.0 : 2.3 0.2 -3.4 3.3 : -3.5 : 2.7 -7.5 -16.1 -1.0 -5.2 -5.5 4.2 -2.02018 4.6 -0.2 5.7 : -0.3 -0.4 -4.4 2.4 : -4.3 : 2.5 -6.7 -17.0 -0.3 -5.2 -3.6 3.5 -2.52019 5.5 0.0 7.1 : -1.2 -0.4 -5.1 3.6 : -4.3 : 2.2 -6.5 -16.6 -1.4 -6.0 -0.6 3.4 : 2020 5.5 0.5 6.7 : -0.8 -0.4 -5.3 4.1 : -4.2 : 2.1 -5.6 -15.8 -2.0 -5.5 -0.7 3.4 :

2021 5.4 0.7 6.7 : -0.7 -0.1 -5.4 4.5 : -4.2 : 2.0 -5.1 -13.3 -2.1 -5.5 -1.0 3.3 :


98

Saving

45. Gross national saving



1960 19.4 28.9 : 16.3 13.7 22.7 27.5 22.2 : : : 35.5 : 30.3 27.1 19.6 : : 27.1 : 26.1

1965 24.1 27.2 : 19.4 24.7 24.1 28.1 17.2 : : : 30.7 : 27.1 27.5 22.6 : : 23.7 : 25.1

1970 31.0 29.5 : 20.4 28.4 27.0 28.1 23.9 : : : 40.3 : 29.4 30.3 26.9 : : 29.1 : 28.0

1975 24.4 22.4 : 21.7 31.3 25.6 25.0 21.2 : : : 35.2 : 25.9 25.9 22.5 : : 28.7 : 23.9

1980 20.3 21.9 : 15.9 28.0 21.7 23.8 22.2 : : : 38.9 : 23.0 23.6 27.5 : : 28.7 : 22.7

1985 17.9 22.9 : 13.7 24.0 21.9 19.4 19.8 : : : 37.5 : 24.1 21.3 22.3 : : 26.0 : 21.2

1990 23.9 25.3 : 17.9 20.0 22.8 22.8 18.0 : 23.2 : 41.7 : 26.0 23.9 25.1 19.5 : 25.6 : 22.8

1991 22.8 21.4

1991 23.1 24.3 : 17.5 21.7 22.1 22.1 17.0 : : : 40.0 : 25.6 23.7 20.1 25.4 : 18.5 : 21.91992 23.5 24.1 : 15.5 21.0 20.2 21.7 15.8 : 59.7 : 38.5 : 24.8 22.8 20.5 24.9 : 16.2 : 21.31993 24.6 23.0 24.4 17.6 19.5 20.1 20.3 16.5 : 37.0 16.0 37.0 : 25.0 22.2 18.6 21.5 20.5 16.8 : 21.01994 25.9 22.9 19.3 17.9 20.4 19.9 20.7 16.7 : 31.6 : 36.2 : 26.1 22.2 17.8 24.8 26.3 20.3 : 21.21995 26.8 23.1 22.8 21.8 19.1 21.3 21.2 22.0 25.5 13.2 13.6 31.6 20.8 28.0 24.1 20.8 23.6 23.3 23.6 22.7 22.71996 25.9 22.6 21.5 22.3 18.2 21.4 20.9 22.2 23.8 12.4 12.4 30.2 16.5 28.3 23.7 19.9 23.7 22.3 23.0 22.4 22.51997 27.4 22.9 21.0 24.3 18.9 21.9 22.3 22.1 18.9 14.2 14.9 29.9 18.5 28.3 23.9 20.4 24.9 25.0 26.1 23.0 23.01998 27.2 23.3 23.0 25.5 18.4 22.2 23.4 21.4 25.6 16.4 12.8 32.2 16.5 27.1 24.4 20.7 25.1 24.9 27.3 23.3 23.31999 27.8 22.6 22.0 24.3 17.6 22.3 24.3 21.0 16.8 12.8 10.7 28.6 18.3 28.4 23.7 20.2 24.4 25.1 28.7 23.2 23.32000 28.1 22.7 23.8 24.9 16.8 22.3 23.9 20.6 14.8 18.9 12.9 28.9 14.6 28.9 24.9 18.0 24.8 24.8 30.8 23.2 23.2

2001 27.2 22.6 23.4 23.4 16.4 22.1 24.0 21.0 16.0 19.6 14.3 29.9 14.9 27.0 24.4 18.1 25.4 24.2 31.5 23.1 23.12002 27.0 22.7 22.7 22.5 15.9 23.0 22.9 21.1 16.9 20.7 15.4 27.3 18.0 25.9 26.0 17.3 25.4 23.6 30.4 22.8 22.92003 26.9 21.9 22.5 24.6 16.4 23.6 22.4 20.4 16.2 21.6 15.0 23.6 16.2 26.6 25.7 16.5 25.1 20.8 27.5 22.4 22.52004 27.6 24.4 23.1 25.4 16.6 22.8 22.8 20.8 8.4 20.0 15.3 27.4 14.6 26.9 26.2 15.6 25.6 21.4 29.1 23.3 23.32005 27.6 24.2 25.2 25.7 12.6 22.1 22.6 20.3 7.4 22.5 17.0 30.2 13.3 25.7 25.7 13.6 26.2 22.8 28.2 22.8 22.82006 28.1 26.4 25.2 26.2 13.9 21.7 23.3 20.5 5.7 17.6 16.5 19.6 12.2 28.5 26.7 12.9 28.3 22.3 28.6 23.8 23.82007 29.1 28.3 25.6 22.9 11.6 21.0 23.7 20.9 -3.6 20.3 17.2 28.3 18.0 28.7 28.2 13.4 28.7 24.4 29.9 24.4 24.42008 27.7 27.1 23.5 17.7 8.7 19.6 23.5 19.0 14.2 22.5 14.7 26.3 19.4 26.6 28.7 11.4 27.3 23.1 28.2 23.1 23.12009 25.0 24.5 23.6 14.0 5.8 19.2 20.9 17.6 16.2 29.9 14.5 14.1 12.3 26.3 24.8 11.1 22.0 18.6 23.8 21.1 21.12010 25.4 25.9 23.3 15.8 5.7 18.6 21.1 17.3 13.3 21.8 18.3 22.9 17.3 27.3 25.8 10.8 21.2 20.5 23.8 21.6 21.6

2011 23.5 27.9 26.7 15.0 4.8 17.8 22.0 17.6 16.6 22.2 18.2 20.6 17.4 28.7 26.1 13.5 20.7 21.6 22.8 22.4 22.52012 24.7 26.9 27.3 16.0 8.6 18.5 21.5 17.6 12.3 22.7 18.1 19.0 17.6 29.0 25.8 13.9 19.6 23.2 21.3 22.3 22.32013 24.2 26.6 27.3 20.9 9.4 19.3 21.3 18.0 11.5 21.6 21.2 17.6 19.3 28.6 25.5 15.7 21.9 24.0 20.4 22.5 22.52014 24.6 27.8 27.6 24.2 9.8 19.6 21.5 18.9 9.2 21.0 23.0 18.9 23.6 27.4 26.0 15.2 24.5 24.3 20.7 23.1 23.12015 25.0 28.6 26.6 30.2 10.0 21.0 22.2 18.5 12.6 21.7 18.8 19.6 27.7 28.8 25.7 15.8 23.1 23.7 20.9 23.9 23.92016 24.8 28.9 25.6 34.7 10.4 21.9 22.0 20.1 12.8 22.2 18.1 19.2 27.7 28.5 27.1 16.5 23.3 21.1 21.3 24.4 24.52017 25.3 29.0 28.2 34.3 11.5 22.1 22.8 20.6 14.8 22.9 19.7 17.7 29.7 31.4 26.7 18.2 26.3 21.2 23.1 25.0 25.02018 24.5 29.4 29.2 34.5 12.0 22.3 22.9 20.8 14.7 22.8 20.1 17.5 28.9 31.9 27.6 18.3 26.9 21.8 23.9 25.3 25.32019 24.6 28.9 29.4 33.6 13.2 23.1 23.4 20.4 13.2 22.9 21.4 22.1 29.3 31.0 27.7 18.6 27.3 21.7 24.3 25.3 25.32020 24.6 29.0 29.5 34.9 14.2 23.5 23.4 20.5 11.8 21.8 21.7 22.1 30.1 30.3 27.7 18.7 27.7 21.3 24.0 25.4 25.4

2021 24.6 28.9 29.6 36.2 15.4 23.7 23.4 20.7 12.2 21.0 22.0 21.8 30.4 30.1 27.8 18.9 28.0 21.5 23.9 25.5 25.5


99

Saving

45. Gross national saving



1960 : : 24.9 : : : : 28.8 : 18.9 : 24.6 : : : : 14.7 33.4 23.4

1965 : : 24.6 : : : : 30.0 : 21.1 : 24.5 : : : : 14.1 33.0 24.6

1970 : : 23.4 : : : : 28.3 : 24.5 : 27.3 : : : : -4.8 40.0 21.3

1975 : : 20.8 : : : : 27.2 : 17.4 : 23.1 : : : : 23.9 32.7 20.7

1980 : : 16.9 : : : : 22.6 : 19.9 : 22.1 : : : : 17.5 31.3 22.0

1985 : : 17.8 : : : : 24.4 : 20.6 : 21.2 : : : : 24.3 32.0 20.3

1990 : : 21.5 : : : 21.7 25.3 : 20.0 : 22.4 : : : : 26.6 34.2 18.7

1991 21.0

1991 : : 20.4 : : 13.7 26.9 22.6 : 19.0 : 21.4 : : : : 23.8 34.4 18.71992 : : 21.1 : : 13.4 24.5 19.8 : 17.6 : 20.7 : : : : 23.9 33.7 17.61993 : 28.2 20.3 : 11.9 13.9 26.9 17.6 : 17.4 : 20.3 : : : : 24.0 32.5 17.01994 : 28.9 20.3 : 15.1 18.7 24.9 21.1 : 18.3 : 20.7 : : : : 22.7 32.2 17.81995 26.1 30.4 21.4 12.7 19.4 21.2 18.4 23.6 22.7 17.9 22.0 22.0 : : : : 24.6 31.9 18.71996 1.2 29.7 21.3 18.0 20.8 20.8 15.9 23.6 22.4 18.2 21.8 21.8 : : : : 27.9 32.3 19.61997 19.3 26.9 22.7 16.3 21.7 20.5 15.1 23.9 22.9 17.7 22.1 22.1 : : 13.3 : 25.8 32.1 20.81998 23.6 28.7 22.0 16.9 21.5 21.4 11.2 25.3 23.2 17.7 22.3 22.3 : : 14.4 : 24.6 31.4 21.31999 15.6 27.0 23.1 15.8 18.7 20.4 11.5 25.6 23.2 15.7 21.9 21.9 : : 17.9 : 21.0 29.6 20.92000 12.9 27.8 24.0 19.3 19.4 19.1 15.6 26.8 23.2 16.2 21.9 22.0 : : 19.2 : 20.2 30.0 20.7

2001 15.1 27.5 25.0 21.0 19.8 18.0 17.1 27.1 23.1 16.3 21.8 21.9 : : 11.0 15.7 20.0 28.6 19.62002 17.3 25.4 24.4 20.3 18.5 16.2 18.8 26.6 22.8 16.3 21.6 21.7 : : 11.4 13.1 21.0 27.3 18.32003 16.0 24.6 24.4 21.3 15.9 17.0 17.0 27.7 22.4 16.1 21.4 21.5 : : 14.1 15.7 20.1 27.5 17.42004 16.4 25.4 24.8 23.4 16.4 14.1 15.8 27.7 23.2 15.3 21.8 22.0 : : 13.1 15.3 21.7 28.1 17.72005 15.6 26.4 26.4 22.8 16.4 16.7 14.2 28.3 22.8 15.9 21.6 21.8 : : 17.4 15.6 22.8 28.3 18.12006 14.2 26.2 27.6 23.3 18.0 17.7 16.5 30.9 23.8 15.4 22.3 22.5 : : 21.0 10.5 23.9 28.6 19.22007 9.9 27.4 26.7 22.6 16.7 18.5 17.8 32.3 24.4 15.2 22.8 23.0 : : 16.8 7.6 23.2 29.2 17.62008 14.8 26.1 26.9 22.7 17.6 18.0 21.7 31.8 23.2 13.5 21.7 21.9 : : 15.2 6.5 23.8 27.4 15.22009 20.2 22.6 22.6 20.1 19.5 17.2 22.7 27.1 21.2 11.6 19.8 19.8 : : 19.0 12.4 21.4 24.1 13.92010 22.5 22.1 24.6 20.1 20.9 16.5 21.5 29.1 21.7 12.9 20.5 20.6 : : 22.4 11.1 21.3 25.2 15.4

2011 22.2 22.3 25.7 19.8 21.0 17.7 23.1 29.0 22.6 13.9 21.3 21.4 : : 24.4 8.0 22.5 24.2 16.52012 21.6 23.9 25.7 19.6 20.9 17.7 22.5 28.0 22.4 12.4 20.9 20.9 : : 25.8 8.4 22.8 23.6 18.72013 23.0 23.6 27.4 : 24.4 18.5 24.6 27.3 : 11.5 : 20.9 : : 27.2 11.6 23.2 24.1 19.22014 21.8 24.7 29.0 : 24.7 19.0 24.2 27.6 : 12.4 : 21.5 : : 29.8 10.9 24.4 24.7 20.32015 21.6 26.4 28.9 : 25.6 20.6 24.0 27.8 : 12.5 : 21.9 : : 28.5 15.1 24.8 27.1 20.22016 24.0 26.1 29.4 : 26.0 19.6 21.3 27.8 : 12.2 : 22.5 : : 29.7 15.0 24.4 27.4 18.62017 25.5 26.2 29.6 : 25.1 20.0 20.1 29.0 : 14.0 : 23.4 : : 32.0 14.4 25.3 28.2 18.62018 25.8 25.9 29.0 : 26.9 20.3 19.8 29.3 : 13.4 : 23.6 : : 32.7 17.5 : 28.0 18.42019 25.2 25.7 29.6 : 27.9 20.7 19.3 29.8 : 13.6 : 23.6 17.8 15.2 33.8 17.6 24.7 28.1 18.42020 25.1 25.7 29.3 : 28.2 20.5 18.9 29.6 : 13.4 : 23.6 18.3 16.2 35.0 18.5 25.6 28.2 18.2

2021 25.0 25.7 29.3 : 28.2 20.6 18.7 29.7 : 13.2 : 23.6 18.6 18.2 36.7 19.0 26.6 28.2 17.9


100

Saving

46. Gross saving; private sectorESA 2010



1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 17.4 : :

1981-1990 : : : : : : 18.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.6 : :

1991 : 22.5 : : : : 19.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.1 : : 1992 : 22.1 : : : : 20.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.4 : : 1993 : 21.8 : : : : 20.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 19.4 : : 1994 : 21.5 : : : : 20.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 20.9 : : 1995 28.2 22.6 16.6 21.9 25.7 22.8 20.7 25.1 21.1 12.0 10.5 24.2 21.2 28.0 24.8 22.0 19.3 18.0 23.1 23.2 23.31996 26.9 22.7 16.8 20.6 24.0 23.1 19.9 25.0 21.0 10.1 10.7 23.0 21.7 26.6 22.8 20.3 19.8 21.0 20.9 22.8 22.91997 26.5 22.6 14.0 21.1 21.3 21.8 21.2 22.1 17.9 12.1 11.6 22.4 21.8 26.1 22.1 19.4 22.5 23.2 22.9 22.4 22.41998 25.0 22.5 17.8 21.3 19.9 20.7 21.2 20.9 26.0 14.0 12.1 23.7 21.6 24.7 22.4 19.8 22.1 23.1 21.5 21.9 21.91999 25.3 21.0 20.4 17.8 18.4 19.6 21.2 18.9 17.0 12.7 10.1 20.2 21.2 24.3 22.1 18.4 21.7 23.1 22.7 20.8 20.82000 24.9 20.8 19.5 17.0 16.1 19.4 20.7 19.2 13.2 18.2 11.3 18.4 17.1 23.8 23.2 17.0 23.3 24.0 20.4 20.5 20.5

1991-2000 : 22.0 : : : : 20.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 20.2 : :

2001 24.1 22.1 18.4 18.4 16.6 18.4 20.9 20.0 14.3 17.9 13.5 20.3 17.2 23.1 21.0 18.2 24.1 24.6 23.0 21.0 21.02002 24.4 23.1 16.3 19.2 15.6 19.0 21.6 20.3 16.8 19.5 13.7 19.2 19.4 23.5 23.4 17.3 23.2 24.2 22.7 21.6 21.62003 25.5 22.1 15.5 21.0 17.6 19.9 22.1 20.6 17.7 20.0 13.1 17.4 17.4 25.1 23.8 18.6 22.6 19.8 21.4 21.7 21.82004 25.4 24.7 16.7 20.9 19.0 18.3 21.9 20.6 9.2 17.0 13.0 22.6 16.7 24.8 23.8 17.3 22.7 20.4 23.1 22.2 22.32005 25.3 24.4 19.6 20.9 15.3 16.4 21.3 20.1 7.5 19.7 14.2 24.0 14.4 22.4 24.2 15.9 23.2 20.9 22.1 21.4 21.52006 25.5 25.1 17.7 20.3 17.1 14.9 21.0 18.8 3.6 12.8 13.1 12.8 13.1 24.7 25.2 13.8 24.9 21.6 21.5 21.2 21.32007 26.3 25.3 17.2 18.5 15.0 14.1 21.6 18.0 -10.6 15.0 13.1 19.5 17.3 25.1 25.4 13.4 23.6 23.1 21.4 21.1 21.22008 25.8 23.9 19.3 18.9 13.8 18.9 21.7 17.5 9.5 22.4 13.0 18.4 21.3 22.4 25.9 11.9 23.3 21.6 20.6 21.1 21.12009 27.0 24.3 20.4 21.2 15.8 24.9 22.8 18.7 16.7 34.9 20.2 9.1 13.5 26.3 25.1 16.7 22.6 21.9 22.2 22.8 22.82010 26.2 25.8 20.1 22.8 14.0 23.2 22.8 17.7 12.8 25.4 22.4 17.6 18.1 27.6 25.9 16.0 21.8 24.5 22.7 23.0 23.0

2001-2010 25.5 24.1 18.1 20.2 16.0 18.8 21.8 19.2 9.7 20.5 14.9 18.1 16.8 24.5 24.4 15.9 23.2 22.3 22.1 21.7 21.7

2011 23.8 25.6 22.7 21.0 13.3 23.2 22.3 18.0 18.1 21.3 20.5 14.9 18.2 28.8 24.7 17.7 22.0 22.7 19.9 22.8 22.82012 24.7 24.0 22.3 21.6 13.0 23.0 21.3 16.9 14.8 20.5 19.2 13.7 18.9 28.7 23.8 18.1 19.7 24.8 19.4 21.9 22.02013 23.9 23.7 22.8 24.8 9.7 23.8 20.5 17.9 13.4 19.5 21.1 12.3 19.6 27.4 23.3 18.5 22.1 24.3 18.8 21.8 21.82014 24.4 24.4 22.2 25.4 11.1 23.4 20.8 18.6 6.5 19.4 21.6 13.2 23.2 25.9 23.5 17.1 24.0 24.1 19.5 22.1 22.12015 24.6 25.0 21.7 29.3 10.3 24.0 21.5 17.6 10.1 19.9 16.5 13.8 26.4 27.2 22.6 16.8 21.9 21.5 19.7 22.5 22.62016 24.6 24.9 21.3 33.4 7.8 24.3 21.4 19.7 9.7 19.3 15.1 12.7 24.2 24.9 25.0 17.0 22.1 20.1 19.0 22.8 22.92017 23.6 24.6 23.7 32.6 8.7 23.2 21.0 19.6 10.3 19.2 16.2 11.6 24.0 26.9 23.7 17.2 23.1 18.8 20.0 22.6 22.62018 22.6 24.4 25.0 32.3 8.6 22.8 21.1 19.9 9.3 18.8 16.8 10.0 23.9 27.0 23.9 16.0 22.6 19.4 20.7 22.5 22.62019 23.7 24.4 24.9 30.9 10.5 23.6 22.2 19.6 7.6 19.0 18.5 14.6 24.8 26.0 23.9 16.3 23.4 19.8 21.4 22.8 22.92020 24.2 25.1 25.1 32.1 11.6 23.8 21.5 19.7 7.1 18.4 18.7 15.2 25.4 26.3 23.9 16.3 23.7 20.1 21.3 23.0 23.1

2011-2020 24.0 24.6 23.2 28.3 10.5 23.5 21.4 18.7 10.7 19.5 18.4 13.2 22.9 26.9 23.8 17.1 22.5 21.6 20.0 22.5 22.5

2021 24.4 25.4 25.3 33.1 12.3 23.9 21.5 20.2 7.7 17.8 19.1 15.0 25.5 26.1 23.9 16.1 23.8 20.5 21.3 23.2 23.3


101

Saving

46. Gross saving; private sectorESA 2010



1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 22.5

1981-1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 27.6 21.5

1991 : : : : : : : : : 18.1 : : : : : : : 26.9 20.41992 : : : : : : : : : 19.8 : : : : : : : 26.7 20.61993 : : : : : : : 20.8 : 20.9 : : : : : : : 27.5 19.51994 : : : : : : : 23.6 : 21.0 : : : : : : : 28.0 19.11995 31.0 24.3 21.8 : 21.7 22.0 16.0 25.2 : 19.9 : 22.8 : : : : : 28.4 19.81996 8.9 24.7 20.5 : 20.7 21.1 15.0 21.9 : 19.4 : 22.3 : : : : : 29.0 19.61997 17.0 22.2 20.8 : 21.6 21.0 16.3 20.8 : 17.7 : 21.5 : : : : : 28.4 19.61998 18.3 24.1 19.4 : 21.2 21.3 11.6 20.9 : 15.9 : 20.7 : : : : : 29.5 19.01999 11.0 23.2 19.3 : 18.7 19.3 12.8 20.5 : 13.0 : 19.3 : : : : : 28.8 18.02000 9.2 24.6 19.2 : 16.5 19.8 15.9 19.8 : 12.8 : 19.0 : : : : : 29.5 17.1

1991-2000 : : : : : : : : : 17.9 : : : : : : : 28.3 19.3

2001 10.0 24.2 21.2 16.8 17.5 19.4 16.6 21.6 20.9 13.7 19.6 19.6 : : : : : 28.0 18.12002 14.3 22.7 21.6 16.2 18.6 17.7 16.1 23.7 21.5 15.7 20.4 20.5 : : : : : 28.4 19.92003 12.8 22.0 22.0 16.8 17.6 19.3 13.5 24.8 21.7 16.5 20.8 20.9 : : : : : 29.1 20.02004 10.9 20.7 20.2 19.3 18.1 15.9 11.9 23.4 21.9 15.6 20.8 21.0 : : : : : 29.6 19.72005 10.8 22.0 18.9 18.9 19.2 16.9 11.0 22.4 21.2 16.0 20.2 20.4 : : : : : 28.6 18.72006 8.8 22.0 20.0 19.3 21.1 17.1 11.8 24.6 21.1 15.2 20.1 20.2 : : : : : 27.7 18.92007 2.1 22.4 18.8 17.4 16.4 16.0 14.1 24.9 20.9 14.9 19.8 20.1 : : : : : 28.0 17.62008 8.6 22.2 20.3 18.0 17.4 16.7 20.3 25.7 21.0 14.8 20.0 20.2 : : : : : 27.6 18.32009 20.2 22.5 22.0 18.8 20.7 19.2 26.1 23.4 22.7 17.0 21.9 21.9 : : : : 22.9 28.6 22.02010 22.1 21.7 23.8 20.4 22.3 18.9 23.1 24.7 22.9 18.1 22.2 22.3 : : : : 19.3 29.8 23.4

2001-2010 12.1 22.3 20.9 18.2 18.9 17.7 16.5 23.9 21.6 15.8 20.6 20.7 : : : : : 28.5 19.7

2011 21.7 20.8 24.0 21.5 22.4 17.9 22.1 24.7 22.6 17.8 21.9 22.1 : : : : 19.2 28.8 23.32012 19.6 21.8 23.9 20.3 20.0 17.6 21.5 24.7 21.9 16.7 21.1 21.2 : : : : 18.9 27.7 24.22013 21.1 21.2 24.3 : 23.8 19.2 22.6 24.4 : 14.0 : 20.7 : : : : 18.9 27.1 21.72014 20.7 22.6 22.9 : 22.9 18.8 22.0 24.7 : 14.7 : 20.9 : : : : 20.5 25.9 22.32015 20.1 23.0 25.2 : 22.2 19.4 21.0 23.6 : 13.7 : 20.9 : : : : 20.5 27.3 21.82016 20.4 22.0 25.0 : 22.7 18.7 20.1 22.4 : 12.3 : 21.0 : : : : 21.7 27.7 20.92017 22.0 21.2 24.4 : 21.8 17.7 20.6 23.1 : 13.1 : 21.1 : : : : 23.3 27.5 21.02018 20.9 20.8 24.3 : 22.7 16.6 19.6 23.5 : 12.2 : 20.9 : : : : : 27.5 21.92019 20.3 21.4 23.8 : 23.1 17.8 19.6 24.6 : 12.1 : 21.2 : : : : 23.3 27.4 21.72020 20.5 21.6 25.2 : 23.1 17.3 20.0 24.5 : 12.0 : 21.3 : : : : 24.8 27.3 21.5

2011-2020 20.7 21.6 24.3 : 22.5 18.1 20.9 24.0 : 13.9 : 21.1 : : : : : 27.4 22.0

2021 20.2 21.6 25.6 : 23.1 17.6 21.4 24.6 : 11.7 : 21.4 : : : : 25.6 27.0 21.4


102

Saving

47. Gross saving; general governmentESA 2010



1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.1 : :

1981-1990 : : : : : : 2.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.8 : :

1991 : 1.8 : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 : : 1992 : 2.0 : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.2 : : 1993 : 1.2 : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.6 : : 1994 : 1.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.6 : : 1995 -1.4 0.5 6.2 -0.1 -6.6 -1.6 0.4 -3.1 4.4 1.2 3.0 7.4 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -1.2 4.3 5.2 0.5 -0.5 -0.51996 -1.0 -0.1 4.7 1.7 -5.8 -1.7 1.0 -2.9 2.7 2.3 1.7 7.1 -5.2 1.7 0.9 -0.3 4.0 1.3 2.0 -0.4 -0.41997 1.0 0.3 7.0 3.2 -2.3 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.9 2.1 3.3 7.5 -3.3 2.2 1.9 0.9 2.4 1.8 3.2 0.6 0.61998 2.1 0.8 5.2 4.1 -1.4 1.5 2.1 0.5 -0.3 2.4 0.7 8.5 -5.1 2.4 2.0 0.9 3.1 1.8 5.8 1.4 1.41999 2.5 1.6 1.6 6.5 -0.8 2.7 3.1 2.1 -0.2 0.1 0.6 8.4 -2.9 4.1 1.6 1.8 2.8 1.9 6.0 2.4 2.42000 3.2 2.0 4.3 8.0 0.7 2.9 3.1 1.4 1.6 0.7 1.6 10.5 -2.5 5.1 1.7 0.9 1.5 0.9 10.4 2.7 2.7

1991-2000 : 1.1 : : : : 1.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.9 : :

2001 3.1 0.5 5.0 5.0 -0.2 3.7 3.1 1.0 1.7 1.7 0.8 9.5 -2.3 3.9 3.4 -0.2 1.3 -0.4 8.5 2.1 2.12002 2.6 -0.4 6.4 3.3 0.4 4.0 1.3 0.8 0.1 1.2 1.7 8.1 -1.4 2.4 2.6 0.1 2.3 -0.7 7.7 1.3 1.32003 1.5 -0.3 6.9 3.6 -1.2 3.8 0.4 -0.3 -1.4 1.6 1.9 6.3 -1.2 1.5 1.9 -2.1 2.5 1.0 6.1 0.7 0.72004 2.2 -0.3 6.4 4.5 -2.4 4.5 0.9 0.2 -0.8 3.0 2.3 4.8 -2.1 2.1 2.4 -1.7 2.8 1.0 6.0 1.1 1.02005 2.3 -0.2 5.6 4.8 -2.7 5.7 1.3 0.1 0.0 2.8 2.8 6.3 -1.1 3.2 1.5 -2.3 3.0 2.0 6.2 1.4 1.42006 2.6 1.4 7.5 5.9 -3.2 6.8 2.3 1.6 2.1 4.8 3.4 6.8 -0.9 3.7 1.5 -0.9 3.4 0.7 7.1 2.5 2.52007 2.8 3.0 8.4 4.4 -3.4 6.9 2.1 2.8 7.0 5.3 4.0 8.8 0.7 3.6 2.8 0.0 5.0 1.3 8.5 3.2 3.22008 1.8 3.2 4.2 -1.3 -5.1 0.6 1.8 1.5 4.7 0.1 1.7 7.9 -1.9 4.2 2.8 -0.5 4.0 1.5 7.6 2.0 2.02009 -2.0 0.3 3.2 -7.2 -9.9 -5.6 -1.8 -1.0 -0.5 -5.0 -5.7 5.0 -1.2 0.0 -0.3 -5.7 -0.5 -3.4 1.5 -1.7 -1.72010 -0.8 0.1 3.1 -7.0 -8.2 -4.6 -1.7 -0.4 0.5 -3.5 -4.1 5.3 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -5.3 -0.6 -3.9 1.1 -1.4 -1.4

2001-2010 1.6 0.7 5.7 1.6 -3.6 2.6 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.9 6.9 -1.2 2.4 1.9 -1.9 2.3 -0.1 6.0 1.1 1.1

2011 -0.3 2.3 4.0 -6.0 -8.5 -5.4 -0.3 -0.3 -1.5 0.9 -2.3 5.6 -0.8 -0.1 1.4 -4.2 -1.3 -1.2 2.9 -0.3 -0.32012 0.0 2.9 4.9 -5.5 -4.4 -4.5 0.2 0.6 -2.5 2.1 -1.0 5.3 -1.3 0.3 2.0 -4.2 -0.1 -1.6 1.9 0.4 0.42013 0.3 2.9 4.5 -3.9 -0.3 -4.6 0.9 0.1 -2.0 2.1 0.0 5.3 -0.3 1.2 2.2 -2.8 -0.2 -0.2 1.6 0.7 0.72014 0.2 3.3 5.5 -1.2 -1.3 -3.8 0.7 0.2 2.7 1.5 1.4 5.7 0.4 1.5 2.5 -1.9 0.5 0.2 1.2 1.0 0.92015 0.4 3.6 4.9 0.9 -0.3 -3.0 0.7 1.0 2.5 1.8 2.3 5.8 1.3 1.6 3.1 -0.9 1.2 2.1 1.2 1.4 1.32016 0.2 4.0 4.3 1.3 2.5 -2.4 0.7 0.4 3.1 2.9 3.0 6.5 3.5 3.6 2.0 -0.5 1.3 1.0 2.4 1.6 1.62017 1.7 4.4 4.6 1.7 2.9 -1.1 1.8 1.0 4.5 3.7 3.5 6.1 5.7 4.5 3.0 1.0 3.2 2.3 3.1 2.4 2.42018 1.9 5.0 4.2 2.2 3.5 -0.5 1.7 0.9 5.4 4.0 3.3 7.5 5.0 4.8 3.7 2.2 4.3 2.4 3.2 2.8 2.82019 0.9 4.4 4.5 2.7 2.7 -0.4 1.1 0.9 5.5 4.0 2.8 7.5 4.5 4.9 3.9 2.3 3.9 2.0 2.9 2.4 2.42020 0.4 3.9 4.4 2.9 2.5 -0.3 2.0 0.8 4.7 3.4 3.0 6.9 4.7 4.0 3.8 2.5 4.0 1.2 2.8 2.4 2.4

2011-2020 0.6 3.7 4.6 -0.5 -0.1 -2.6 0.9 0.6 2.3 2.6 1.6 6.2 2.3 2.6 2.7 -0.6 1.7 0.8 2.3 1.5 1.5

2021 0.1 3.6 4.3 3.1 3.0 -0.1 2.0 0.4 4.5 3.2 2.9 6.7 4.9 4.0 3.9 2.7 4.2 1.0 2.6 2.2 2.2


103

Saving

47. Gross saving; general governmentESA 2010



1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.4

1981-1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.5 -1.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : 0.9 : : : : : : : 7.5 -1.71992 : : : : : : : : : -2.2 : : : : : : : 7.0 -3.01993 : : : : : : : -3.2 : -3.6 : : : : : : : 4.9 -2.51994 : : : : : : : -2.5 : -2.8 : : : : : : : 4.2 -1.31995 -4.9 6.1 -0.3 : -2.3 -0.9 2.3 -1.6 : -2.1 : -0.8 : : : : : 3.5 -1.11996 -7.7 5.0 0.8 : 0.2 -0.4 0.9 1.7 : -1.2 : -0.5 : : : : : 3.3 0.01997 2.3 4.7 1.9 : 0.0 -0.6 -1.2 3.2 : 0.0 : 0.6 : : : : : 3.7 1.21998 5.3 4.7 2.6 : 0.3 0.1 -0.4 4.4 : 1.8 : 1.6 : : : : : 1.9 2.31999 4.5 3.8 3.8 : 0.1 1.1 -1.3 5.1 : 2.7 : 2.6 : : : : : 0.8 2.82000 3.7 3.2 4.8 : 2.9 -0.6 -0.2 7.0 : 3.4 : 3.0 : : : : : 0.5 3.7

1991-2000 : : : : : : : : : -0.3 : : : : : : : 3.7 0.0

2001 5.1 3.3 3.8 4.2 2.2 -1.4 0.6 5.5 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.3 : : : : : 0.6 1.62002 3.0 2.7 2.7 4.1 -0.1 -1.5 2.6 2.9 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.2 : : : : : -1.1 -1.62003 3.2 2.6 2.5 4.5 -1.7 -2.2 3.5 3.0 0.8 -0.4 0.6 0.6 : : : : : -1.6 -2.62004 5.5 4.7 4.6 4.1 -1.7 -1.8 3.9 4.3 1.2 -0.2 1.0 1.0 : : : : : -1.4 -2.02005 4.8 4.4 7.4 3.9 -2.8 -0.1 3.2 6.0 1.7 -0.1 1.4 1.3 : : : : : -0.2 -0.62006 5.4 4.2 7.7 4.0 -3.1 0.6 4.7 6.3 2.7 0.2 2.3 2.3 : : : : : 0.9 0.32007 7.8 5.0 7.9 5.2 0.3 2.5 3.7 7.4 3.5 0.3 2.9 2.9 : : : : : 1.2 -0.12008 6.2 3.9 6.6 4.7 0.2 1.3 1.4 6.2 2.3 -1.2 1.7 1.7 : : : : : -0.2 -3.02009 -0.1 0.1 0.5 1.3 -1.1 -2.1 -3.4 3.7 -1.5 -5.4 -2.0 -2.1 : : : : -1.5 -4.5 -8.12010 0.4 0.4 0.8 -0.3 -1.4 -2.4 -1.6 4.4 -1.1 -5.2 -1.7 -1.8 : : : : 2.0 -4.7 -8.0

2001-2010 4.1 3.1 4.5 3.6 -0.9 -0.7 1.9 5.0 1.3 -0.9 0.9 1.0 : : : : : -1.1 -2.4

2011 0.5 1.5 1.7 -1.7 -1.4 -0.2 1.0 4.3 -0.1 -3.9 -0.6 -0.7 : : : : 3.3 -4.6 -6.82012 2.1 2.2 1.9 -0.7 0.9 0.1 1.0 3.3 0.5 -4.3 -0.2 -0.3 : : : : 3.9 -4.0 -5.52013 1.9 2.4 3.1 -0.4 0.6 -0.7 2.0 2.9 0.8 -2.5 0.3 0.3 : : : : 4.3 -3.0 -2.52014 1.0 2.1 6.1 -0.1 1.7 0.2 2.2 2.9 1.2 -2.3 0.6 0.5 : : : : 3.9 -1.2 -2.02015 1.5 3.4 3.6 1.1 3.5 1.2 3.0 4.2 1.6 -1.2 1.1 1.0 : : : : 4.3 -0.2 -1.62016 3.6 4.1 4.3 3.5 3.3 0.8 1.2 5.4 1.8 -0.1 1.5 1.5 : : : : 2.7 -0.3 -2.32017 3.4 5.0 5.1 4.4 3.3 2.4 -0.6 5.9 2.6 1.0 2.4 2.3 : : : : 2.0 0.6 -2.42018 4.9 5.2 4.7 5.1 4.2 3.7 0.1 5.8 3.0 1.3 2.7 2.6 : : : : 1.4 0.5 -3.52019 5.0 4.3 5.8 5.3 4.8 2.8 -0.3 5.2 2.6 1.5 2.5 2.4 : : : : 1.4 0.6 -3.32020 4.7 4.1 4.2 4.8 5.1 3.1 -1.1 5.1 2.5 1.4 2.4 2.3 : : : : 0.8 0.9 -3.4

2011-2020 2.9 3.4 4.1 2.1 2.6 1.3 0.9 4.5 1.7 -0.9 1.3 1.2 : : : : 2.8 -1.1 -3.3

2021 4.9 4.1 3.7 4.8 5.1 3.0 -2.8 5.1 2.4 1.5 2.3 2.2 : : : : 1.0 1.3 -3.5


104

Money interest rates and exchange rates

48. Nominal short-term interest rates

(%)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3)

1961-1970 5.2 5.0 : : : : 5.4 3.7 : : : : 3.8 : : : : : : :

1971-1980 8.4 6.9 : 11.3 : : 8.8 11.3 : : : : 7.0 6.4 9.3 : : 10.2 : :

1981-1990 10.2 6.7 12.6 17.4 14.9 10.8 15.0 7.0 6.9 17.0 12.7 10.9

1991 9.4 9.2 : 10.4 22.7 13.2 9.6 12.2 : : : : 9.3 9.1 17.7 : : 13.1 : 10.91992 9.4 9.5 : 12.4 23.5 13.3 10.4 14.0 : : : : 9.4 9.3 16.2 : : 13.3 : 11.51993 8.1 7.2 : 9.3 23.5 11.7 8.6 10.2 : : : : 6.9 7.2 13.3 : : 7.8 : 9.11994 5.6 5.3 : 5.9 24.6 8.0 5.9 8.5 : : : : 5.2 5.0 11.1 : : 5.3 : 6.91995 4.7 4.5 : 6.3 16.4 9.4 6.6 10.3 : : : 4.8 4.4 4.5 9.8 : 8.4 5.8 : 7.01996 3.2 3.3 8.1 5.4 13.8 7.5 3.9 8.7 : : : 5.0 3.0 3.3 7.4 : 11.9 3.6 : 5.31997 3.4 3.3 8.6 6.1 12.8 5.4 3.5 6.8 : 6.0 : 5.1 3.3 3.5 5.7 : 21.8 3.2 : 4.61998 3.5 3.5 13.9 5.5 14.0 4.3 3.6 4.9 : 8.4 : 5.4 3.4 3.6 4.3 10.3 21.1 3.6 : 4.21999 3.0 3.0 7.8 3.0 10.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.3 8.4 13.9 5.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 8.6 15.7 3.0 3.3 3.12000 4.4 4.4 5.7 4.4 7.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 6.4 5.4 8.6 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 10.9 8.6 4.4 4.6 4.5

1991-2000 5.5 5.3 : 6.9 16.9 8.0 5.9 8.3 : : : : 5.2 5.3 9.3 : : 6.3 : 6.7

2001 4.3 4.3 5.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 5.9 6.9 5.9 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.3 10.9 7.8 4.3 4.3 4.32002 3.3 3.3 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.4 4.4 3.7 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 8.0 7.8 3.3 3.4 3.32003 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.9 3.8 2.8 3.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 6.8 6.2 2.3 2.4 2.32004 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 4.7 4.2 2.7 2.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 4.7 4.7 2.1 2.2 2.12005 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 4.3 3.1 2.4 3.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 4.0 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.22006 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.4 4.4 3.1 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 4.3 3.1 3.1 3.12007 4.3 4.3 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 8.7 5.1 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.32008 4.6 4.6 6.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 8.0 6.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.62009 1.2 1.2 5.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 13.1 7.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.22010 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

2001-2010 2.8 2.8 3.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.7 5.8 4.1 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 4.9 4.4 2.8 2.9 2.8

2011 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.42012 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.62013 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.22014 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.22015 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02016 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.32017 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.32018 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3


105


48. Nominal short-term interest rates

(%)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-7 EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3) 4)

1961-1970 : : 6.8 : : : : : : 6.3 5.1 : : : : : : : : 4.3

1971-1980 : : 10.9 : : : : : : 10.8 9.1 : : : : : : : 8.0 6.9

1981-1990 11.3 : 11.8 10.5 : : 6.1 9.1

1991 : : 9.9 : : : : 11.8 : 11.6 10.3 : 11.0 : : : : 86.0 7.4 6.01992 : : 11.7 : : : : 13.4 : 9.7 10.6 : 11.3 : : : : 94.3 4.5 3.81993 : 13.1 10.8 : : : : 8.8 : 6.0 7.9 : 8.6 : : : : 85.8 3.0 3.31994 : 9.1 6.3 : 27.8 : : 7.7 : 5.6 6.1 : 6.7 : : : : 161.1 2.3 4.81995 : 11.0 6.2 : 31.3 27.6 43.0 8.8 : 6.8 6.5 : 7.0 : : : : 123.2 1.2 6.01996 : 12.0 4.0 : 24.3 21.4 53.7 6.0 : 6.1 5.0 : 5.4 : : : : 111.9 0.6 5.51997 : 16.0 3.7 : 20.4 23.7 80.8 4.4 : 6.9 4.7 : 4.9 : : : : : 0.6 5.71998 5.9 14.3 4.3 : 17.9 20.4 69.5 4.4 : 7.4 4.6 : 4.7 : : : : 106.6 0.6 5.61999 5.9 6.9 3.4 : 15.1 14.7 79.6 3.3 4.8 5.6 3.5 4.9 3.5 : : : : 97.0 0.2 5.42000 4.6 5.4 5.0 : 11.4 18.8 50.7 4.1 5.8 6.2 4.8 5.8 4.7 : : : : 36.8 0.3 6.5

1991-2000 : : 6.5 : : : : 7.3 : 7.2 6.4 : 6.8 : : : : : 2.1 5.3

2001 5.1 5.2 4.7 : 10.9 16.1 41.3 4.1 5.4 5.0 4.4 5.3 4.4 : : : : 83.4 0.2 3.82002 4.9 3.5 3.5 : 9.2 9.0 27.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.5 4.1 3.5 : : : : 60.5 0.1 1.82003 3.7 2.3 2.4 : 8.5 5.7 17.7 3.2 2.9 3.7 2.6 3.0 2.6 : : : : 37.8 0.1 1.22004 3.7 2.4 2.2 : 11.4 6.2 19.1 2.3 2.8 4.6 2.6 3.0 2.5 : : : : 23.8 0.1 1.62005 3.6 2.0 2.2 : 7.2 5.3 8.4 1.9 2.5 4.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 : : : : 15.7 0.1 3.62006 3.7 2.3 3.2 : 7.0 4.2 8.1 2.6 3.3 4.9 3.4 3.5 3.4 : : : : 18.7 0.3 5.22007 4.9 3.1 4.4 : 7.9 4.7 7.2 3.9 4.4 6.0 4.6 4.6 4.5 : : : : 17.8 0.8 5.32008 7.1 4.0 5.3 : 8.7 6.4 12.3 4.7 5.0 5.5 4.8 5.1 4.8 : : : : 17.0 0.9 2.92009 5.7 2.2 2.5 : 9.3 4.4 11.3 0.9 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 : : : : 10.2 0.5 0.72010 4.1 1.3 1.3 : 6.2 3.9 6.5 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.8 : : : : 7.6 0.2 0.3

2001-2010 4.7 2.8 3.2 : 8.6 6.6 15.9 2.9 3.3 4.1 3.1 3.4 3.0 : : : : 29.2 0.3 2.6

2011 3.8 1.2 1.4 2.9 6.6 4.5 5.6 2.5 1.8 0.9 1.3 1.7 1.3 : : : : : 0.2 0.32012 2.3 1.0 0.6 2.7 8.1 4.9 5.1 2.0 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.7 : : : : : 0.2 0.42013 1.1 0.5 0.3 1.3 4.2 3.0 4.0 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 : : : : : 0.2 0.32014 0.8 0.4 0.3 1.0 2.5 2.6 2.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 : : : : : 0.1 0.22015 0.5 0.3 -0.1 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.3 -0.2 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 : : : : : 0.1 0.32016 0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.9 1.0 1.7 0.8 -0.5 -0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 : : : : : 0.0 0.72017 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.6 0.1 1.7 1.2 -0.5 -0.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 : : : : : 0.0 1.32018 0.0 1.3 -0.3 0.5 0.1 1.7 2.8 -0.4 -0.1 0.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 : : : : : -0.1 2.3

1) EU excluding UK; 1961-90 including D_W 2) BE DK DE FR IT NL UK; 1961-90 including D_W 3) 1961-90 including D_W 4) Former EU-15; 1961-90 including D_W

106


49. Nominal long-term interest rates

(%)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3)

1961-1970 6.3 6.8 : : : : 6.4 5.7 : : : : 5.6 : : : : 7.9 : :

1971-1980 8.8 8.1 : 12.8 : : 9.5 10.9 : : : : 8.7 8.6 : : : 9.5 : :

1981 13.4 10.1 : 17.3 17.7 15.8 15.9 19.4 : : : : 12.2 10.6 : : : 12.4 : : 1982 13.4 9.0 : 17.0 15.4 16.0 15.7 20.2 : : : : 10.5 9.9 : : : 12.4 : : 1983 11.9 8.0 : 13.9 18.2 16.9 13.6 18.3 : : : : 8.8 8.2 : : : 13.1 : : 1984 12.2 8.0 : 14.6 18.5 16.5 12.5 15.6 : : : : 8.6 8.0 : : : 14.0 : : 1985 11.0 7.0 : 12.7 15.8 13.4 11.1 13.7 : : : : 7.3 7.8 27.7 : : 12.7 : 10.91986 8.6 5.9 : 11.1 15.8 11.4 8.5 11.5 : : : : 6.2 7.4 15.8 : : 11.7 : 9.01987 8.2 6.1 : 11.3 17.4 12.8 9.5 10.6 : : : : 6.4 7.0 15.1 : : 10.4 : 9.21988 8.0 6.5 : 8.6 16.6 11.8 9.1 10.9 : : : : 6.4 6.9 14.2 : : 10.6 : 9.11989 8.7 7.4 : 8.9 : 13.7 8.8 12.8 : : : : 7.2 7.2 14.9 : : 12.1 : : 1990 10.0 8.7 : 10.1 : 14.7 9.9 13.5 : : : : 8.9 8.8 15.4 : : 13.3 : :

1981-1990 10.6 7.7 12.5 14.3 11.5 14.7 8.3 8.2 : 12.3 .................... ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................

1991 9.3 8.5 : 9.2 : 11.4 9.1 13.2 : : : : 8.7 8.6 14.5 : : 11.2 : : 1992 8.7 7.8 : 9.1 24.1 11.7 8.6 13.3 : : : : 8.1 7.4 13.8 : : 12.0 : 10.11993 7.2 6.5 : 7.7 23.3 10.2 6.8 11.2 : : : : 6.4 6.7 9.7 : : 8.8 : 8.41994 7.8 6.9 : 7.9 20.7 10.0 7.2 10.5 : : : : 6.9 7.0 10.5 : : 9.0 : 8.51995 7.5 6.9 : 8.3 17.0 11.3 7.5 12.2 : : : : 6.9 7.1 11.5 : : 8.8 : 8.91996 6.5 6.2 : 7.3 14.4 8.7 6.3 9.4 : : : : 6.2 6.3 8.6 : : 7.1 : 7.41997 5.8 5.6 : 6.3 9.9 6.4 5.6 6.9 6.9 : : : 5.6 5.7 6.4 : : 6.0 : 6.11998 4.8 4.6 13.2 4.8 8.5 4.8 4.6 4.9 6.7 : : : 4.6 4.7 4.9 : : 4.8 : 4.81999 4.8 4.5 11.4 4.7 6.3 4.7 4.6 4.7 7.4 : : : 4.6 4.7 4.8 : : 4.7 : 4.72000 5.6 5.3 10.5 5.5 6.1 5.5 5.4 5.6 7.6 : : 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.6 : 8.3 5.5 : 5.4

1991-2000 6.8 6.3 : 7.1 : 8.5 6.6 9.2 : : : : 6.3 6.4 9.0 : : 7.8 : :

2001 5.1 4.8 10.2 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.2 7.6 7.6 8.2 6.2 5.0 5.1 5.2 : 8.0 5.0 : 5.02002 5.0 4.8 8.4 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.4 6.1 5.8 4.9 5.0 5.0 8.7 6.9 5.0 5.0 4.92003 4.2 4.1 5.3 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 6.4 5.0 4.1 4.2 4.12004 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.3 5.8 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.7 5.0 4.1 4.1 4.12005 3.4 3.4 4.2 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 5.2 3.9 3.7 4.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.42006 3.8 3.8 5.0 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.4 3.8 3.9 3.82007 4.3 4.2 6.1 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 5.3 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.32008 4.4 4.0 8.2 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.7 4.6 6.4 5.6 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.32009 3.9 3.2 7.8 5.2 5.2 4.0 3.7 4.3 4.6 12.4 14.0 4.5 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.7 3.7 3.9 3.82010 3.5 2.7 5.9 5.7 9.1 4.3 3.1 4.0 4.6 10.3 5.6 4.2 3.0 3.2 5.4 3.8 3.9 3.0 3.6 3.6

2001-2010 4.2 3.9 6.5 4.5 5.0 4.2 4.1 4.4 5.1 6.5 6.2 4.9 4.0 4.1 4.4 : 5.1 4.1 : 4.1

2011 4.2 2.6 : 9.6 15.8 5.4 3.3 5.4 5.8 5.9 5.2 4.5 3.0 3.3 10.2 5.0 4.5 3.0 4.3 4.32012 3.0 1.5 : 6.2 22.5 5.9 2.5 5.5 7.0 4.6 4.8 4.1 1.9 2.4 10.6 5.8 4.6 1.9 3.8 3.82013 2.4 1.6 : 3.8 10.1 4.6 2.2 4.3 6.5 3.3 3.8 3.4 2.0 2.0 6.3 5.8 3.2 1.9 3.0 2.92014 1.7 1.2 : 2.4 6.9 2.7 1.7 2.9 6.0 2.5 2.8 2.6 1.5 1.5 3.8 3.3 2.1 1.5 2.0 2.02015 0.8 0.5 : 1.2 9.7 1.7 0.8 1.7 4.5 1.0 1.4 1.5 0.7 0.8 2.4 1.7 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.22016 0.5 0.1 : 0.7 8.4 1.4 0.5 1.5 3.8 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.4 3.2 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.92017 0.7 0.3 : 0.8 6.0 1.6 0.8 2.1 2.6 0.8 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.6 3.1 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.12018 0.8 0.4 : 1.0 4.2 1.4 0.8 2.6 2.2 0.9 0.3 1.4 0.6 0.7 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1


107


49. Nominal long-term interest rates

(%)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-9 EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3) 4)

1961-1970 : : 8.3 : : : : 6.0 : 7.0 6.5 : : : : : : : : 4.8

1971-1980 : : 14.6 : : : : 9.0 : 12.5 10.0 : : : : : : : : 7.3

1981 : : 19.3 : : : : 13.5 : 14.8 14.5 : : : : : : : 8.4 12.91982 : : 20.5 : : : : 13.0 : 12.7 13.8 : : : : : : : 8.3 12.21983 : : 14.4 : : : : 12.3 : 10.8 12.2 : : : : : : : 7.8 10.81984 : : 14.4 : : : : 12.3 : 11.1 11.5 : : : : : : : 7.3 12.01985 : : 11.6 : : : : 13.0 : 11.0 10.4 : 11.0 : : : : : 6.5 10.81986 : : 10.1 : : : : 10.3 : 10.1 8.7 : 9.2 : : : : : 5.2 8.11987 : : 11.3 : : : : 11.7 : 9.6 8.8 : 9.4 : : : : : 4.7 8.71988 : : 9.9 : : : : 11.4 : 9.7 8.8 : 9.3 : : : : : 4.7 9.01989 : : 9.7 : : : : 11.2 : 10.2 9.5 : : : : : : : 5.2 8.51990 : : 10.6 : : : : 13.2 : 11.8 10.8 : : : : : : : 7.5 8.7

1981-1990 13.2 12.2 11.2 10.9 6.6 10.2.................... ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................

1991 : : 9.3 : : : : 10.7 : 10.1 9.9 : : : : : : : 6.5 8.01992 : : 9.0 : : : : 10.0 : 9.1 9.4 : 9.9 : : : : : 5.2 7.11993 : : 7.3 : : : : 8.6 : 7.6 7.8 : 8.3 : : : : : 4.1 6.01994 : : 7.8 : : : : 9.7 : 8.2 8.0 : 8.4 : : : : : 4.2 7.21995 : : 8.3 : : : : 10.2 : 8.3 8.4 : 8.9 : : : : : 3.3 6.71996 : : 7.2 : : : : 8.0 : 7.9 7.2 : 7.5 : : : : : 3.0 6.51997 : : 6.3 : : : : 6.6 : 7.1 6.2 : 6.3 : : : : : 2.2 6.51998 : : 4.9 : : : : 5.0 : 5.6 4.9 : 4.9 : : : : : 1.3 5.31999 : : 4.9 : 9.9 9.5 : 5.0 : 5.0 4.7 : 4.7 : : : : : 1.8 5.62000 : : 5.6 : 8.6 11.8 : 5.4 : 5.3 5.4 : 5.4 : : : : : 1.8 6.0

1991-2000 : : 7.1 : : : : 7.9 : 7.4 7.2 : : : : : : : 3.3 6.5

2001 : 6.3 5.1 : 8.0 10.7 : 5.1 : 5.0 5.0 : 5.0 : : : : : 1.3 5.02002 8.3 4.9 5.1 : 7.1 7.4 : 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.9 : : : : : 1.3 4.62003 6.5 4.1 4.3 : 6.8 5.8 : 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.2 : : : : : 1.0 4.02004 5.4 4.8 4.3 : 8.2 6.9 : 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.3 : : : : : 1.5 4.32005 3.9 3.5 3.4 : 6.6 5.2 : 3.4 3.6 4.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 : : : : 11.7 1.4 4.32006 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.4 7.1 5.2 7.2 3.7 4.0 4.4 3.9 4.1 3.9 : : : : 16.2 1.7 4.82007 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.9 6.7 5.5 7.1 4.2 4.5 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.4 : : : : 16.8 1.7 4.62008 5.4 4.6 4.3 6.0 8.2 6.1 7.7 3.9 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.3 : : : : 18.9 1.5 3.72009 7.2 4.8 3.6 7.8 9.1 6.1 9.7 3.3 4.3 3.4 3.6 4.2 3.7 : : : : 12.9 1.4 3.32010 6.0 3.9 2.9 6.3 7.3 5.8 7.3 2.9 3.9 3.4 3.2 3.8 3.5 : : : : 9.6 1.2 3.2

2001-2010 : 4.5 4.1 : 7.5 6.5 : 4.1 : 4.5 4.2 : 4.2 : : : : : 1.4 4.2

2011 5.4 3.7 2.7 6.5 7.6 6.0 7.3 2.6 4.5 3.1 3.4 4.3 4.0 : : : : 9.3 1.1 2.82012 4.5 2.8 1.4 6.1 7.9 5.0 6.7 1.6 3.9 1.7 2.5 3.6 3.3 : : : : 8.5 0.9 1.82013 3.5 2.1 1.8 4.7 5.9 4.0 5.4 2.1 3.1 2.0 2.3 2.9 2.7 : : : : 7.8 0.7 2.32014 3.4 1.6 1.3 4.1 4.8 3.5 4.5 1.7 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.0 : : : : 9.2 0.6 2.52015 2.5 0.6 0.7 3.6 3.4 2.7 3.5 0.7 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.3 : : : : 9.3 0.4 2.12016 2.3 0.4 0.3 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.3 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.9 : : : : 10.2 -0.1 1.82017 1.6 1.0 0.5 2.8 3.0 3.4 4.0 0.7 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1 : : : : 11.1 0.1 2.32018 0.9 2.0 0.5 2.2 3.1 3.2 4.7 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 : : : : 15.9 0.1 2.9

1) EU excluding UK; 1961-90 including D_W 2) BE DK DE FR IT NL FI SE UK; 1961-90 including D_W 3) 1961-90 including D_W 4) Former EU-15; 1961-90 including D_W

108


50. ECU-EUR exchange rates 1)Units of national currency per EUR/ECU

(Annual average, national currency units per EUR 1))

EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- BEF DEM EEK IEP GRD ESP FRF ITL CYP LVL LTL LUF MTL NLG ATS PTE SIT SKK FIM

1960 1.3091 2.2681 : 0.4790 0.0930 0.3809 0.7950 0.3409 0.6480 : : 1.3091 0.8834 1.8213 1.9957 0.1515 : : 0.5685

1965 1.3260 2.1879 : 0.4851 0.0942 0.3855 0.8052 0.3453 0.6544 : : 1.3260 0.8922 1.7573 2.0214 0.1534 : : 0.5757

1970 1.2670 1.9129 : 0.5408 0.0900 0.4289 0.8656 0.3300 0.7288 : : 1.2670 0.9936 1.6792 1.9315 0.1465 : : 0.7221

1975 1.1296 1.5591 : 0.7108 0.1174 0.4223 0.8109 0.4181 0.7809 : : 1.1296 1.1025 1.4226 1.5659 0.1568 : : 0.7643

1980 1.0064 1.2906 : 0.8583 0.1744 0.5992 0.8947 0.6142 0.7907 : : 1.0064 1.0519 1.2526 1.3058 0.3469 : : 0.8699

1981 1.0237 1.2853 : 0.8774 0.1809 0.6171 0.9208 0.6524 0.7791 : : 1.0237 0.9760 1.2593 1.2874 0.3417 : : 0.80611982 1.1084 1.2148 : 0.8756 0.1918 0.6464 0.9804 0.6837 0.7836 : : 1.1084 0.9276 1.1861 1.2136 0.3891 : : 0.79171983 1.1264 1.1609 : 0.9078 0.2292 0.7663 1.0322 0.6972 0.7440 : : 1.1264 0.8343 1.1513 1.1605 0.4923 : : 0.83221984 1.1265 1.1443 : 0.9218 0.2595 0.7607 1.0476 0.7134 0.7125 : : 1.1265 0.7610 1.1450 1.1435 0.5770 : : 0.79451985 1.1134 1.1383 : 0.9081 0.3103 0.7761 1.0359 0.7478 0.9251 : : 1.1134 0.9665 1.1394 1.1368 0.6497 : : 0.78951986 1.0857 1.0881 : 0.9314 0.4033 0.8261 1.0366 0.7550 0.9427 : : 1.0857 0.9778 1.0895 1.0875 0.7337 : : 0.83751987 1.0670 1.0592 : 0.9846 0.4586 0.8544 1.0563 0.7721 1.0706 : : 1.0670 1.0469 1.0592 1.0589 0.8111 : : 0.85191988 1.0766 1.0606 : 0.9849 0.4918 0.8270 1.0727 0.7940 0.9362 : : 1.0766 0.9014 1.0595 1.0600 0.8483 : : 0.83151989 1.0754 1.0585 : 0.9864 0.5248 0.7838 1.0708 0.7801 1.0125 : : 1.0754 0.9715 1.0597 1.0588 0.8650 : : 0.79441990 1.0517 1.0492 : 0.9749 0.5911 0.7778 1.0541 0.7860 0.9943 : : 1.0517 0.9402 1.0492 1.0494 0.9034 : : 0.8165

1991 1.0467 1.0485 : 0.9749 0.6609 0.7721 1.0631 0.7918 0.9796 : : 1.0467 0.9313 1.0487 1.0487 0.8909 0.1543 : 0.84131992 1.0311 1.0330 1.0016 0.9659 0.7250 0.7965 1.0440 0.8240 0.9973 1.2750 0.6207 1.0311 0.9619 1.0323 1.0332 0.8715 0.4389 : 0.97671993 1.0033 0.9901 0.9896 1.0157 0.7882 0.8963 1.0113 0.9509 0.9960 1.1292 1.4732 1.0033 1.0414 0.9871 0.9901 0.9396 0.5529 1.1960 1.12621994 0.9831 0.9840 0.9838 1.0077 0.8453 0.9551 1.0035 0.9890 0.9977 0.9449 1.3705 0.9831 1.0450 0.9794 0.9840 0.9821 0.6375 1.2653 1.04121995 0.9557 0.9580 0.9577 1.0355 0.8892 0.9796 0.9947 1.1001 1.0108 0.9811 1.5153 0.9557 1.0748 0.9524 0.9580 0.9782 0.6463 1.2901 0.96011996 0.9742 0.9763 0.9761 1.0075 0.8967 0.9661 0.9899 1.0117 1.0113 0.9954 1.4710 0.9742 1.0661 0.9710 0.9763 0.9765 0.7168 1.2920 0.98021997 1.0048 1.0044 1.0042 0.9491 0.9079 0.9970 1.0081 0.9964 0.9951 0.9382 1.3138 1.0048 1.0191 1.0032 1.0046 0.9906 0.7552 1.2651 0.98911998 1.0070 1.0068 1.0065 0.9983 0.9706 1.0048 1.0064 1.0038 0.9899 0.9394 1.2988 1.0070 1.0132 1.0072 1.0068 1.0061 0.7760 1.3125 1.00621999 : : : : 0.9560 : : : 0.9890 0.8902 1.2350 : 0.9918 : : : 0.8115 1.4646 : 2000 : : : : 0.9879 : : : 0.9806 0.7957 1.0702 : 0.9413 : : : 0.8622 1.4141 :

2001 : : : : : : : : 0.9840 0.7969 1.0375 : 0.9387 : : : 0.9096 1.4373 : 2002 : : : : : : : : 0.9830 0.8268 1.0019 : 0.9525 : : : 0.9430 1.4172 : 2003 : : : : : : : : 0.9980 0.9116 1.0000 : 0.9925 : : : 0.9758 1.3772 : 2004 : : : : : : : : 0.9941 0.9465 1.0000 : 0.9970 : : : 0.9977 1.3285 : 2005 : : : : : : : : 0.9856 0.9906 1.0000 : 1.0014 : : : 0.9997 1.2813 : 2006 : : : : : : : : 0.9838 0.9907 1.0000 : 1.0000 : : : 0.9998 1.2359 : 2007 : : : : : : : : 0.9955 0.9961 1.0000 : 1.0000 : : : : 1.1211 : 2008 : : : : : : : : : 0.9998 1.0000 : : : : : : 1.0377 : 2009 : : : : : : : : : 1.0041 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2010 : : : : : : : : : 1.0084 1.0000 : : : : : : : :

2011 : : : : : : : : : 1.0049 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2012 : : : : : : : : : 0.9921 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2013 : : : : : : : : : 0.9981 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2014 : : : : : : : : : : 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2015 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2016 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2017 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2018 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1) 1960-1998: ECU

109


50. ECU-EUR exchange rates 1)Units of national currency per EUR/ECU

(Annual average, national currency units per EUR 1))

BGN CZK DKK HRK HUF PLN RON SEK GBP ALL EUR MKD RSD TRY JPY USD

1960 : : 7.2954 : : : : 5.464 0.37721 : : : : 0.000 380.23 1.0562

1965 : : 7.3893 : : : : 5.534 0.38207 : : : : 0.000 385.13 1.0698

1970 : : 7.6668 : : : : 5.288 0.42593 : : : : 0.000 368.00 1.0222

1975 : : 7.1227 : : : : 5.141 0.56003 : : : : 0.000 360.73 1.2408

1980 : : 7.8274 : 42.60 0.0061 0.0024 5.881 0.59849 : : : : 0.000 315.04 1.3923

1981 : : 7.9226 : 37.23 0.0109 0.0016 5.635 0.55311 : : : : 0.000 245.38 1.11651982 : : 8.1569 : 35.45 0.0097 0.0015 6.143 0.56045 : : : : 0.000 243.55 0.97971983 : : 8.1319 : 37.99 0.0082 0.0014 6.821 0.58701 : : : : 0.000 211.35 0.89021984 : : 8.1465 : 37.91 0.0089 0.0015 6.511 0.59063 : : : : 0.000 187.09 0.78901985 0.0005 : 8.0188 : 22.27 0.0065 0.0008 6.521 0.58898 : : : : 0.001 180.56 0.76311986 0.0009 : 7.9357 : 43.69 0.0167 0.0015 6.996 0.67154 : : : : 0.001 165.00 0.98421987 0.0013 : 7.8847 : 72.27 0.0408 0.0022 7.310 0.70457 : : : : 0.001 166.60 1.15441988 0.0014 : 7.9515 : 83.35 0.0712 0.0024 7.242 0.66443 : : : : 0.002 151.46 1.18251989 0.0011 : 8.0493 : 78.99 0.1925 0.0020 7.099 0.67330 : : : : 0.003 151.94 1.10181990 0.0045 26.927 7.8565 : 130.52 1.9618 0.0046 7.521 0.71385 : : : : 0.003 183.66 1.2734

1991 0.0339 34.597 7.9086 : 142.20 2.0169 0.0145 7.479 0.70101 : : : : 0.005 166.49 1.23921992 0.0511 36.827 7.8093 : 172.78 2.9748 0.0674 7.533 0.73765 97.40 : : : 0.009 164.22 1.29811993 0.0323 34.169 7.5936 4.1892 107.61 2.1222 0.0886 9.122 0.77999 119.52 : : : 0.013 130.15 1.17101994 0.0644 34.151 7.5433 7.1325 125.03 2.7015 0.1972 9.163 0.77590 112.56 : 51.367 : 0.036 121.32 1.18951995 0.0879 34.696 7.3280 6.8364 164.55 3.1705 0.2662 9.332 0.82879 121.37 : 49.539 : 0.060 123.01 1.30801996 0.2251 34.457 7.3593 6.8966 193.76 3.4223 0.3922 8.515 0.81380 132.69 : 50.749 : 0.103 138.08 1.26981997 1.9016 35.930 7.4836 6.9797 211.65 3.7154 0.8112 8.651 0.69230 168.90 : 56.685 6.70 0.172 137.08 1.13401998 1.9691 36.049 7.4993 7.1279 240.57 3.9165 0.9985 8.916 0.67643 168.88 : 60.985 11.23 0.294 146.42 1.12111999 1.9558 36.884 7.4355 7.5811 252.77 4.2274 1.6345 8.808 0.65874 146.75 : 60.618 12.42 0.447 121.32 1.06582000 1.9477 35.599 7.4538 7.6427 260.04 4.0082 1.9922 8.445 0.60948 132.58 1.0 60.726 58.20 0.575 99.47 0.9236

2001 1.9482 34.068 7.4521 7.4820 256.59 3.6721 2.6004 9.255 0.62187 129.04 1.0 60.913 59.88 1.102 108.68 0.89562002 1.9492 30.804 7.4305 7.4130 242.96 3.8574 3.1270 9.161 0.62883 132.36 1.0 60.979 60.66 1.440 118.06 0.94562003 1.9490 31.846 7.4307 7.5688 253.62 4.3996 3.7551 9.124 0.69199 137.51 1.0 61.263 65.13 1.695 130.97 1.13122004 1.9533 31.891 7.4399 7.4967 251.66 4.5268 4.0510 9.124 0.67866 127.67 1.0 61.337 72.70 1.777 134.44 1.24392005 1.9558 29.782 7.4518 7.4008 248.05 4.0230 3.6209 9.282 0.68380 124.19 1.0 61.297 83.00 1.677 136.85 1.24412006 1.9558 28.342 7.4591 7.3247 264.26 3.8959 3.5258 9.254 0.68173 123.08 1.0 61.190 84.10 1.809 146.02 1.25562007 1.9558 27.766 7.4506 7.3376 251.35 3.7837 3.3353 9.250 0.68434 123.62 1.0 61.185 79.96 1.787 161.25 1.37052008 1.9558 24.946 7.4560 7.2239 251.51 3.5121 3.6826 9.615 0.79628 122.80 1.0 61.265 81.44 1.906 152.45 1.47082009 1.9558 26.435 7.4462 7.3400 280.33 4.3276 4.2399 10.619 0.89094 132.06 1.0 61.276 93.95 2.163 130.34 1.39482010 1.9558 25.284 7.4473 7.2891 275.48 3.9947 4.2122 9.537 0.85784 137.79 1.0 61.519 103.04 1.997 116.24 1.3257

2011 1.9558 24.590 7.4506 7.4390 279.37 4.1206 4.2391 9.030 0.86788 140.33 1.0 61.529 101.96 2.338 110.96 1.39202012 1.9558 25.149 7.4437 7.5217 289.25 4.1847 4.4593 8.704 0.81087 139.04 1.0 61.532 113.02 2.314 102.49 1.28482013 1.9558 25.980 7.4579 7.5786 296.87 4.1975 4.4190 8.652 0.84926 140.27 1.0 61.585 113.10 2.534 129.66 1.32812014 1.9558 27.536 7.4548 7.6344 308.71 4.1843 4.4437 9.099 0.80612 139.97 1.0 61.624 117.25 2.907 140.31 1.32852015 1.9558 27.279 7.4587 7.6137 310.00 4.1841 4.4454 9.353 0.72584 139.71 1.0 61.611 120.74 3.026 134.31 1.10952016 1.9558 27.034 7.4452 7.5333 311.44 4.3632 4.4904 9.469 0.81948 137.33 1.0 61.595 123.10 3.343 120.20 1.10692017 1.9558 26.326 7.4386 7.4637 309.19 4.2570 4.5688 9.635 0.87667 134.13 1.0 61.575 121.40 4.121 126.71 1.12972018 1.9558 25.647 7.4532 7.4182 318.89 4.2615 4.6540 10.258 0.88471 127.56 1.0 61.512 118.27 5.708 130.40 1.1810

1) 1960-1998: ECU

111


51. Conversion rates between the euro and the former national currencies of the Euro-Zone

1 euro =

40.3399 Belgian francs1.95583 German marks15.6466 Estonian kroon

0.787564 Irish pounds340.75 Greek drachma

166.386 Spanish pesetas6.55957 French francs1936.27 Italian lire

0.585274 Cyprus pounds0.702804 Latvian lats

3.4528 Lithuanian litas40.3399 Luxembourg francs0.4293 Malta lira

2.20371 Dutch guilders13.7603 Austrian schillings200.482 Portuguese escudos239.64 Slovenian tolar30.126 Slovak Koruna

5.94573 Finnish marks

112


52. Nominal effective exchange ratesPerformance relative to the rest of 42 industrial countries; double export weights

(2015 = 100)


1993 86.2 77.1 44.0 90.8 68.4 90.4 81.6 78.7 45.0 33.6 23.5 88.6 87.0 86.1 81.0 95.9 120.1 58.1 61.4 63.31994 91.1 84.3 52.6 93.1 70.9 89.9 87.6 82.1 49.7 51.2 27.1 93.5 90.1 91.0 85.1 95.2 116.5 60.5 71.4 72.31995 97.2 92.7 67.4 94.8 74.5 92.5 93.3 77.6 56.6 66.0 33.4 99.5 92.9 97.0 91.6 97.7 124.1 64.7 84.1 81.31996 95.8 91.8 67.7 97.7 77.2 94.0 94.2 86.1 61.9 67.1 36.0 98.2 92.1 95.8 91.2 98.6 112.8 66.0 82.7 83.71997 92.2 88.7 65.9 99.8 80.0 90.3 91.3 87.6 74.0 71.2 41.2 94.6 93.7 92.4 89.9 96.5 108.7 69.4 80.5 79.81998 94.1 92.0 74.7 97.1 80.6 92.1 94.4 90.5 85.0 80.6 49.9 95.9 96.6 94.2 92.9 96.4 111.2 70.2 84.2 85.01999 94.5 93.7 85.2 95.4 86.6 93.0 94.7 91.9 92.4 94.9 63.1 96.3 96.4 95.0 94.7 96.4 111.6 65.1 88.1 87.32000 91.2 89.4 82.1 89.9 81.9 89.9 90.5 88.1 89.6 101.9 70.7 93.9 94.6 92.0 92.3 93.6 103.5 66.3 84.1 80.1

2001 92.4 90.7 83.5 91.1 84.5 91.7 92.0 89.9 91.9 103.0 74.0 94.6 95.6 93.2 93.1 94.5 98.8 65.1 85.8 82.72002 93.9 92.8 85.2 93.2 87.5 93.6 94.1 92.3 94.9 101.0 79.1 95.6 97.1 94.5 94.4 95.7 96.7 66.3 88.1 86.22003 98.7 99.2 89.7 100.4 93.4 98.4 99.8 98.5 100.1 96.5 84.8 98.8 101.0 98.8 98.6 99.6 97.2 70.5 94.3 97.22004 100.1 101.3 91.0 102.9 95.0 99.7 101.6 100.5 101.4 93.8 86.2 99.5 103.4 99.9 99.9 100.6 96.0 73.9 96.4 100.82005 99.5 100.2 90.6 102.5 93.9 98.9 100.8 99.4 101.7 88.9 85.5 99.1 102.3 99.3 99.0 100.2 94.8 75.6 95.5 99.02006 99.5 100.2 90.3 102.8 93.9 98.9 100.8 99.4 101.8 88.4 85.0 99.0 102.8 99.2 98.9 100.1 94.5 78.1 95.2 98.92007 100.9 102.0 91.6 105.5 94.9 100.2 102.4 101.1 101.6 88.8 86.1 99.7 105.9 100.4 100.0 101.3 95.0 86.4 96.9 102.22008 103.0 104.1 93.3 109.9 97.2 102.4 104.9 103.3 104.8 90.2 87.5 101.4 108.8 102.7 101.2 103.1 95.7 93.9 99.3 106.92009 104.5 106.5 97.8 111.0 100.0 104.3 106.4 105.2 107.2 94.6 92.6 103.4 108.4 104.6 103.3 104.1 99.0 101.1 103.0 111.32010 101.5 102.2 93.8 106.9 96.9 101.2 102.5 101.2 103.5 90.6 89.0 100.9 103.4 101.7 100.2 101.7 96.6 98.4 97.9 103.5

2011 102.0 102.5 93.5 107.8 98.0 101.6 102.9 101.6 103.8 91.2 89.5 101.1 103.9 102.1 100.3 102.0 97.1 98.7 98.1 104.22012 99.6 99.7 91.5 103.6 95.7 99.5 100.0 99.1 101.1 90.6 87.7 99.3 101.5 99.9 98.6 100.3 96.0 97.9 95.0 99.42013 101.8 102.3 93.4 106.6 98.5 101.7 102.7 101.7 103.6 92.3 90.0 100.9 104.1 101.8 100.5 102.0 97.6 99.3 97.9 103.82014 103.0 104.0 97.4 106.9 101.5 103.0 103.9 103.5 104.3 96.5 94.8 102.0 105.3 102.8 102.1 102.8 99.8 100.8 101.0 106.42015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 102.1 102.4 102.3 102.1 102.5 102.2 102.1 102.1 102.3 103.0 103.3 101.5 101.5 102.1 101.6 101.8 101.7 101.9 102.3 104.02017 103.3 103.8 102.3 104.0 104.3 103.6 103.6 103.5 104.1 102.5 102.3 102.3 103.3 103.3 102.3 102.8 101.9 102.4 103.1 106.42018 105.6 106.9 105.6 106.9 108.4 106.2 106.4 106.6 107.2 106.0 106.2 104.0 106.1 105.4 104.5 104.7 104.0 104.1 106.6 111.52019 105.1 106.1 105.8 104.9 108.5 105.7 105.6 105.9 106.7 106.0 105.8 103.7 104.0 105.1 103.9 104.3 103.8 104.1 106.1 110.42020 105.0 106.1 105.9 104.5 108.5 105.7 105.5 105.8 106.8 105.9 105.6 103.6 103.6 105.1 103.9 104.4 103.8 104.1 106.2 110.3

2021 105.0 106.1 105.9 104.5 108.5 105.7 105.5 105.8 106.8 105.9 105.6 103.6 103.6 105.1 103.9 104.4 103.8 104.1 106.2 110.3

1) 1960-1992 including LU 2) Euro area relative to 23 industrial countries (BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK TR CH NO US CA MX JP KR AU NZ CN HK RU BR)

113


52. Nominal effective exchange ratesPerformance relative to the rest of 42 industrial countries; double export weights

(2015 = 100)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK EU-28 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1)

1993 2411.7 55.6 82.6 114.1 197.0 131.8 2795.0 82.9 78.4 55.2 : : : : 16142.7 93.0 66.11994 1411.2 61.5 86.6 71.3 183.4 112.9 1495.7 86.8 83.4 65.1 : : : : 6420.8 109.0 73.51995 1230.6 65.4 93.2 82.4 152.6 103.5 1232.7 89.2 81.9 73.7 : : : : 4102.9 116.9 76.41996 506.9 67.4 93.1 82.6 132.6 97.5 862.3 98.8 83.9 76.4 : : : : 2422.8 102.8 80.81997 62.7 65.7 90.8 83.9 124.4 90.8 427.8 95.5 98.2 74.6 : : : : 1460.3 97.8 87.51998 69.4 68.1 93.7 87.4 115.0 93.1 372.7 96.4 104.7 83.1 : : : : 920.5 95.8 95.11999 78.2 69.5 94.8 88.5 113.5 91.1 234.9 98.1 106.6 86.7 : : : : 634.0 112.2 96.92000 78.1 70.6 90.3 86.5 108.0 93.9 189.5 97.8 109.6 78.8 : : : : 469.4 123.3 100.7

2001 83.7 74.3 92.0 89.8 110.7 103.6 150.7 90.3 108.6 81.4 : : : : 253.8 113.0 106.72002 87.1 83.2 93.7 92.5 118.8 99.9 128.2 93.0 110.1 86.6 : : : : 195.3 108.0 106.72003 92.3 83.5 98.8 94.4 118.1 90.8 111.4 99.7 106.4 98.6 : : : : 174.2 110.5 98.92004 93.8 84.1 100.3 96.5 120.1 89.0 104.4 102.2 111.6 105.1 : : : : 169.5 114.0 93.52005 92.3 89.1 99.5 96.9 120.7 99.5 115.8 99.4 109.8 103.0 : : : : 177.9 109.8 90.52006 92.6 93.4 99.3 97.7 113.0 102.5 119.5 99.6 110.3 103.4 : : : : 165.0 102.0 88.72007 93.3 95.8 100.8 98.5 119.3 106.2 127.2 101.3 112.2 109.0 : : : : 168.9 96.6 84.22008 95.3 107.8 103.3 101.4 120.7 116.3 116.9 99.9 98.2 111.2 : : : : 162.7 107.9 81.52009 98.8 104.7 106.3 102.6 111.7 97.0 104.3 92.1 87.6 108.9 : : : : 146.5 124.9 87.32010 96.0 106.8 101.6 100.4 110.8 102.4 102.3 98.5 87.3 100.9 : : : : 152.7 130.9 84.0

2011 97.3 110.2 101.3 98.9 109.9 99.6 102.8 104.5 86.7 101.9 : : : : 131.1 138.8 80.12012 96.1 106.3 98.4 96.1 104.6 96.4 96.3 105.3 90.1 96.9 : : : : 128.3 140.7 82.92013 98.2 104.5 100.7 97.4 103.5 97.9 99.1 108.8 88.2 101.6 : : : : 120.5 114.0 84.12014 100.8 100.0 102.6 99.3 101.2 100.3 100.7 105.3 94.3 106.2 : : : : 106.7 106.1 86.82015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : : : 100.0 100.0 100.02016 102.4 102.8 102.2 103.0 101.2 97.7 101.0 101.0 89.9 101.5 : : : : 92.4 115.0 104.72017 104.3 106.2 103.6 104.4 102.6 100.9 100.2 100.2 84.8 103.1 : : : : 75.6 111.2 104.42018 108.4 111.1 106.4 107.9 101.5 103.0 100.9 96.4 86.5 109.4 : : : : 56.4 111.7 103.82019 109.0 110.6 105.9 107.7 99.3 101.9 99.0 92.5 85.8 107.3 : : : : 49.4 117.6 107.72020 109.2 110.4 106.0 107.5 97.2 101.9 98.8 91.0 86.1 107.1 : : : : 48.6 120.0 108.8

2021 109.2 110.4 106.0 107.5 97.2 101.9 98.8 91.0 86.1 107.1 : : : : 48.6 120.0 108.8

1) EU-28 relative to 14 industrial countries (TR CH NO US CA MX JP KR AU NZ CN HK RU BR)

114

General government (% of GDP at market prices)

53. Taxes linked to imports and production (indirect taxes)ESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.0 :

1980 : : : : : : 14.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 15.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.0 :

1990 : 14.9 14.7

1991 : 9.8 : : : : 14.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.8 : 1992 : 9.9 : : : : 14.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.5 : 1993 : 10.2 : : : : 14.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.2 : 1994 : 10.7 : : : : 15.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.2 : 1995 12.3 10.4 12.6 13.9 12.3 10.0 15.6 11.7 10.9 13.0 12.0 11.2 12.1 10.4 14.6 13.2 15.1 14.3 13.6 12.11996 12.8 10.3 13.2 14.1 12.6 10.1 16.2 11.5 10.6 12.5 11.6 11.1 11.4 10.7 14.9 13.4 15.3 13.7 13.7 12.21997 12.9 10.2 13.4 13.7 12.7 10.4 16.2 12.0 9.8 13.4 13.5 11.8 11.9 10.7 15.2 13.1 15.0 13.1 14.3 12.31998 13.0 10.3 12.4 13.5 12.4 11.1 16.1 14.8 10.3 14.3 13.8 12.5 10.9 10.8 15.1 13.6 15.6 12.9 14.0 12.91999 13.3 10.9 11.7 13.2 13.0 11.4 16.0 14.5 9.9 13.4 13.7 12.6 12.0 11.3 15.2 13.9 16.2 12.4 13.9 13.12000 13.1 10.8 12.4 13.0 13.1 11.3 15.4 14.4 11.5 12.4 12.5 13.2 12.0 11.1 14.8 13.4 15.5 12.6 13.4 12.9

2001 12.7 10.6 12.5 12.0 12.7 11.0 15.0 14.0 11.9 11.9 12.2 12.8 12.5 11.6 14.7 13.4 15.2 11.4 12.9 12.62002 12.7 10.6 12.6 11.9 12.8 11.0 15.0 14.1 12.1 11.2 12.4 12.3 12.3 11.5 14.8 13.9 15.6 11.6 13.2 12.62003 12.9 10.7 12.2 12.1 12.1 11.2 14.9 13.7 14.3 11.9 11.6 12.4 12.2 11.5 14.7 13.9 15.7 12.1 13.6 12.62004 13.0 10.4 12.7 12.6 11.6 11.7 15.1 13.7 14.9 11.7 11.2 13.2 13.3 11.6 14.6 13.8 15.4 12.3 13.2 12.62005 13.0 10.4 12.6 13.1 11.9 12.1 15.3 13.9 15.0 12.3 11.2 13.4 14.1 11.7 14.3 14.6 15.4 12.6 13.3 12.82006 13.0 10.3 13.3 13.6 12.2 12.2 15.1 14.5 15.6 12.6 11.3 12.6 14.3 11.8 13.9 14.8 14.9 11.3 13.2 12.92007 12.9 10.8 13.2 13.1 12.6 11.4 14.9 14.3 17.0 12.0 11.6 12.9 14.1 11.5 13.7 14.4 14.5 11.1 12.6 12.82008 12.9 10.8 12.0 12.0 12.6 9.4 14.7 13.5 16.3 10.8 11.6 12.3 13.8 11.3 13.9 14.0 13.9 10.5 12.4 12.32009 13.0 11.3 14.5 10.8 11.7 8.1 14.9 13.4 14.1 11.2 11.6 12.4 13.3 11.1 14.3 12.5 13.5 10.5 12.9 12.22010 13.2 10.9 13.6 10.8 12.6 9.9 14.7 13.8 14.2 12.3 11.9 12.2 13.7 11.0 14.3 13.2 14.0 10.3 12.9 12.4

2011 13.3 11.0 13.3 10.4 13.5 9.6 15.1 14.0 13.6 12.2 11.6 12.3 13.5 10.8 14.3 13.8 14.0 11.2 13.7 12.62012 13.7 11.0 13.7 10.5 13.9 10.2 15.3 15.1 13.9 12.6 11.2 12.8 13.1 10.6 14.6 13.8 14.4 10.6 14.0 12.92013 13.6 10.9 13.3 10.7 14.4 11.1 15.5 14.8 13.7 13.0 11.0 12.9 12.9 10.9 14.5 13.7 14.9 11.2 14.3 13.02014 13.5 10.7 13.6 10.9 15.7 11.5 15.7 15.2 14.9 13.3 11.2 13.1 13.0 11.3 14.3 14.2 14.8 11.5 14.3 13.12015 13.2 10.7 14.1 8.5 16.1 11.7 15.8 14.9 14.7 13.6 11.6 11.9 12.2 11.1 14.3 14.6 14.7 11.6 14.0 13.02016 13.5 10.7 14.7 8.6 17.2 11.6 15.9 14.3 14.6 14.2 11.7 11.5 12.2 11.5 14.3 14.7 14.6 11.6 14.3 13.02017 13.4 10.6 14.1 8.3 17.0 11.6 16.2 14.3 15.3 14.0 11.6 11.5 12.4 11.5 14.1 14.9 14.3 12.0 14.0 13.02018 13.5 10.6 13.7 7.9 17.0 11.7 16.5 14.3 15.7 14.3 11.5 11.8 12.8 11.7 13.8 15.2 14.1 11.9 14.1 13.02019 13.3 10.6 13.9 7.8 16.4 11.6 16.5 14.3 15.4 14.4 11.3 11.7 12.7 12.2 13.7 15.2 13.9 11.8 13.9 13.02020 13.3 10.6 13.8 7.8 16.3 11.6 16.6 14.4 15.3 14.5 11.6 11.8 12.9 12.1 13.6 15.2 13.8 12.1 13.8 13.0

2021 13.2 10.5 13.8 7.7 16.1 11.6 16.6 14.4 15.2 14.5 11.9 11.9 13.0 12.1 13.6 15.3 13.7 11.9 13.7 13.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

115


53. Taxes linked to imports and production (indirect taxes); general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 2)

1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.0

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 7.1

1990 : : : : : : : : : 10.6 : : : : : : 7.7 7.1

1991 : : : : : : : : : 11.1 : : : : : : 7.1 7.41992 : : : : : : : : : 11.2 : : : : : : 7.6 7.41993 : : : : : : : 22.4 : 10.9 : : : : : : 7.3 7.31994 : : : : : : : 21.6 : 11.1 : : : : : : 6.5 7.51995 8.5 11.4 16.3 : 17.3 14.2 9.3 21.3 : 11.3 : : : : : : 6.6 7.31996 9.0 11.2 16.7 : 16.8 14.4 8.8 22.2 : 11.4 : : : : : : 6.6 7.21997 9.5 10.7 16.9 : 15.3 14.0 9.1 21.7 : 11.6 : : : : : : 6.9 7.11998 12.0 10.3 17.9 : 15.5 13.3 11.4 24.1 : 11.8 : : : : : : 7.3 7.11999 12.9 10.8 17.8 : 16.3 13.7 12.2 24.0 : 12.2 : : : : : : 7.6 7.02000 13.4 10.5 16.7 : 16.6 12.9 11.9 22.5 : 12.3 : : : : : : 7.3 6.9

2001 13.1 10.2 16.8 19.7 15.4 13.0 11.4 22.6 13.1 12.1 12.9 : : : : : 7.3 6.92002 12.3 10.1 17.0 19.5 14.9 13.6 11.6 22.8 13.1 12.1 12.9 : : : : : 7.3 6.92003 14.2 10.2 16.9 19.1 15.6 13.6 12.6 22.7 13.1 12.0 12.9 : : : : : 7.2 7.02004 15.8 10.9 17.1 18.5 16.0 13.5 11.9 22.3 13.1 12.0 12.9 : : : : : 7.2 7.12005 16.1 10.8 17.4 18.3 15.4 13.8 13.0 22.5 13.3 11.7 13.0 : : : : : 7.2 7.22006 16.6 10.3 17.3 18.3 15.0 14.1 12.9 22.1 13.3 11.7 13.0 : : : : : 7.2 7.22007 16.0 10.6 17.5 18.0 15.7 14.4 12.1 22.0 13.3 11.7 13.0 : : : : : 7.0 7.22008 16.7 10.4 16.5 17.8 15.5 14.4 11.2 22.4 12.8 11.3 12.6 : : : : : 7.1 7.12009 14.2 10.8 16.3 16.9 16.4 12.8 10.2 22.5 12.7 10.9 12.4 : : : : 11.9 7.2 7.12010 14.2 11.1 16.2 17.6 17.4 13.7 11.9 22.0 12.9 12.1 12.8 : : : : 13.2 7.2 7.1

2011 13.7 11.9 16.3 17.2 17.3 13.8 13.1 21.6 13.1 12.6 13.0 : : : : 13.1 7.4 7.12012 14.9 12.4 16.3 18.1 18.7 13.0 13.2 21.9 13.4 12.6 13.3 : : : : 12.8 7.3 7.02013 15.5 12.7 16.4 18.6 18.6 12.8 12.7 21.9 13.5 12.7 13.3 : : : : 13.4 7.3 7.12014 14.8 11.8 16.2 18.5 18.6 12.9 12.7 21.6 13.5 12.8 13.4 : : : : 12.5 8.0 7.12015 15.5 12.2 16.3 19.1 18.7 12.9 13.3 21.5 13.5 12.8 13.4 : : : : 12.8 8.4 7.02016 15.4 12.3 16.2 19.3 18.2 13.4 11.3 22.4 13.4 12.9 13.3 : : : : 12.8 8.4 7.02017 15.0 12.4 16.0 19.5 18.1 13.8 10.3 22.3 13.4 12.9 13.4 : : : : 12.3 8.3 7.02018 15.0 12.3 16.2 20.0 18.4 14.1 10.6 22.3 13.5 13.0 13.4 : : : : 11.7 8.4 7.02019 15.0 12.2 16.0 20.1 18.1 13.8 10.6 22.0 13.5 12.9 13.4 : : 12.4 : 10.9 8.6 7.02020 14.9 12.1 15.8 19.8 18.1 14.3 10.6 22.1 13.4 12.9 13.4 : : 12.4 : 10.9 8.8 6.9

2021 14.9 12.0 15.6 19.6 18.1 14.1 10.6 22.1 13.4 13.0 13.3 : : 12.3 : 10.9 8.8 6.9

1) EU excluding UK 2) SNA 2008

116


54. Current taxes on income and wealth (direct taxes); general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 16.0 :

1980 : : : : : : 7.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 7.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.2 :

1990 : 7.8 17.0

1991 : 12.2 : : : : 7.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.1 : 1992 : 12.6 : : : : 7.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.2 : 1993 : 12.3 : : : : 7.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.3 : 1994 : 11.9 : : : : 8.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.7 : 1995 16.0 11.9 10.5 13.2 6.6 9.5 8.0 13.9 7.8 6.6 8.4 14.7 8.2 11.4 12.1 8.1 6.7 10.5 16.8 11.21996 16.1 11.8 9.1 13.7 6.4 9.4 8.6 14.5 7.6 6.7 8.0 14.9 6.7 11.8 13.0 8.7 7.2 9.3 18.4 11.51997 16.5 11.6 9.1 13.7 7.1 9.7 9.1 15.2 7.7 7.2 8.7 15.4 8.0 11.2 13.6 8.7 7.2 8.9 17.9 11.71998 17.0 11.9 10.2 13.4 8.5 9.9 11.2 13.7 8.5 7.5 9.0 15.3 7.5 10.9 13.8 8.5 7.1 8.8 18.3 12.11999 16.6 12.4 9.7 13.9 8.9 9.7 11.8 14.3 9.3 7.4 9.1 14.1 8.5 10.8 13.4 8.9 7.1 8.7 17.8 12.42000 16.7 12.7 7.7 13.8 9.8 9.7 11.8 13.8 9.7 7.2 8.4 14.2 8.9 10.7 13.2 9.3 7.2 7.2 20.4 12.5

2001 16.9 11.2 7.2 12.7 8.6 9.6 12.1 14.1 9.8 7.5 7.8 14.4 9.5 10.6 14.9 8.9 7.3 7.3 18.3 12.02002 16.8 10.8 7.5 12.1 8.9 10.1 11.2 13.4 9.7 7.6 7.4 14.6 10.7 10.6 13.8 8.8 7.6 6.8 18.2 11.62003 16.3 10.8 8.0 12.5 8.1 9.6 10.9 12.8 8.1 7.2 7.9 14.4 11.0 9.9 13.6 7.8 7.8 6.9 17.1 11.32004 16.3 10.5 7.9 12.9 8.1 10.0 11.1 12.8 6.7 7.6 8.7 12.7 10.4 9.7 13.4 8.1 8.0 6.3 17.0 11.32005 16.4 10.9 6.9 12.8 9.0 10.8 11.3 12.8 7.8 7.5 8.9 13.7 10.9 10.6 12.9 8.0 8.6 6.1 16.9 11.52006 16.2 11.6 7.0 13.6 8.3 11.4 11.8 13.7 9.2 7.9 9.5 13.0 11.3 10.7 12.8 8.3 9.0 6.2 16.8 12.12007 15.9 12.0 7.3 13.2 8.3 12.6 11.7 14.5 11.9 8.3 9.1 13.1 12.6 11.0 13.2 9.2 9.0 6.3 17.0 12.52008 16.3 12.3 7.7 12.2 8.1 10.3 11.9 14.6 11.1 9.0 9.2 13.8 12.1 10.7 13.8 9.3 8.8 6.6 16.8 12.32009 15.1 11.5 7.4 11.8 8.5 9.1 10.7 14.1 9.6 7.0 5.9 14.2 13.0 10.8 12.6 8.6 8.1 5.7 15.4 11.52010 15.4 11.0 6.5 11.7 8.3 9.1 11.2 14.1 9.4 7.4 4.6 14.3 12.2 11.0 12.7 8.4 8.0 5.5 15.4 11.5

2011 15.9 11.4 6.2 12.2 9.2 9.2 11.7 13.8 10.1 7.3 4.4 13.9 12.4 10.5 12.8 9.4 7.8 5.6 15.8 11.72012 16.2 11.9 6.6 12.7 10.8 10.0 12.4 14.8 9.9 7.7 4.8 14.2 13.0 10.0 13.1 8.9 7.5 5.6 15.5 12.32013 16.7 12.1 7.1 12.8 10.5 10.0 12.9 14.9 10.4 7.7 5.0 14.2 13.6 9.9 13.4 11.3 7.0 6.2 16.1 12.52014 16.7 12.1 7.3 12.8 9.7 10.1 12.7 14.6 10.4 7.8 5.0 13.6 13.6 10.5 13.7 10.9 7.2 6.7 16.3 12.52015 16.3 12.3 7.7 10.6 9.5 9.9 12.7 14.7 9.9 7.8 5.4 14.3 12.8 11.3 14.2 10.7 7.2 7.1 16.5 12.52016 16.0 12.7 7.5 10.6 10.0 9.9 12.5 14.6 9.3 8.4 5.6 14.6 13.4 11.5 12.9 10.1 7.5 7.2 16.4 12.62017 16.6 13.0 7.2 10.3 9.8 10.1 12.8 14.4 9.2 8.6 5.4 15.0 13.9 12.7 13.0 9.9 7.5 7.2 16.5 12.82018 16.8 13.3 7.4 10.7 10.1 10.6 13.3 14.1 9.1 7.4 5.7 16.4 13.4 12.5 13.5 10.1 7.8 7.3 15.9 13.02019 16.0 13.3 7.2 10.7 9.7 10.7 13.4 14.1 9.5 6.5 8.6 17.3 14.1 12.6 13.6 10.0 7.8 7.3 16.1 13.02020 15.9 13.2 7.2 10.7 9.5 10.9 13.3 14.2 9.5 6.5 8.7 16.9 14.2 12.2 13.7 10.0 7.7 7.1 16.3 13.0

2021 15.9 13.0 7.3 10.7 9.5 11.1 13.0 13.9 9.4 6.6 8.8 17.0 14.3 12.1 13.6 10.1 7.7 7.0 16.3 12.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

117


54. Current taxes on income and wealth (direct taxes); general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.5

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.5

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 13.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.6 11.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : 14.2 : : : : : : 12.8 12.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : 13.3 : : : : : : 12.9 11.41992 : : : : : : : : : 12.7 : : : : : : 12.2 11.41993 : : : : : : : 18.6 : 11.9 : : : : : : 11.0 11.71994 : : : : : : : 19.4 : 12.2 : : : : : : 10.8 11.81995 6.1 9.0 29.9 : 8.4 11.3 10.6 19.0 : 12.9 : : : : : : 10.4 12.31996 7.3 7.9 29.8 : 9.0 10.8 9.8 19.9 : 12.7 : : : : : : 10.3 13.01997 8.3 8.3 29.5 : 8.7 10.6 10.4 20.2 : 13.1 : : : : : : 10.4 13.41998 7.3 7.9 29.1 : 8.7 10.5 8.4 20.0 : 14.3 : : : : : : 8.9 13.81999 7.3 8.0 29.2 : 9.2 7.6 7.8 20.8 : 14.4 : : : : : : 8.8 13.92000 6.6 7.7 29.3 : 9.6 7.1 7.2 21.5 : 15.0 : : : : : : 9.3 14.4

2001 7.2 8.1 28.3 7.8 9.9 6.4 6.4 19.7 12.4 14.7 12.8 : : : : : 9.4 13.42002 6.1 8.5 28.1 6.2 9.9 6.6 5.8 18.6 12.0 14.0 12.4 : : : : : 8.4 11.12003 5.9 8.9 28.4 6.2 9.3 6.3 6.2 19.2 11.7 13.8 12.1 : : : : : 8.0 10.72004 5.6 8.9 29.0 6.1 8.8 6.3 6.5 19.9 11.7 14.4 12.2 : : : : : 8.2 10.92005 4.5 8.6 30.3 6.4 8.8 6.8 5.4 21.1 12.0 15.1 12.6 : : : : : 9.0 12.32006 4.6 8.6 28.8 7.0 9.1 7.3 6.0 21.3 12.5 15.3 13.0 : : : : : 9.8 13.02007 7.2 8.8 28.6 7.5 10.0 8.3 6.6 20.3 12.8 15.4 13.2 : : : : : 10.3 13.12008 5.8 7.8 27.9 7.3 10.3 8.4 6.4 18.9 12.5 15.1 12.9 : : : : : 9.7 12.12009 5.2 7.1 28.3 7.3 9.6 7.2 5.9 18.5 11.8 14.6 12.2 : : : : 6.4 8.4 9.42010 4.9 6.8 28.5 6.6 7.8 6.7 5.8 18.1 11.7 14.7 12.1 : : : : 6.2 8.2 10.1

2011 4.6 7.0 28.4 6.4 6.2 6.7 6.1 17.5 11.9 14.6 12.3 : : : : 6.1 8.6 11.22012 4.7 6.9 29.2 6.3 6.7 7.0 5.8 17.4 12.4 13.8 12.6 : : : : 6.2 8.9 11.42013 5.1 7.2 30.2 6.5 6.5 6.7 5.9 17.8 12.7 13.6 12.8 : : : : 5.8 9.6 12.22014 5.4 7.3 33.2 6.3 6.7 6.8 6.2 17.8 12.7 13.4 12.8 : : : : 6.0 10.0 12.62015 5.4 7.2 30.6 6.1 6.8 6.9 6.6 18.3 12.7 13.5 12.8 : : : : 5.8 9.9 12.92016 5.6 7.6 29.8 6.5 7.3 7.1 6.4 18.9 12.7 13.8 12.9 : : : : 6.0 9.7 12.52017 5.7 7.7 30.0 6.3 7.2 7.3 6.1 19.0 12.9 13.9 13.1 : : : : 5.9 10.1 12.22018 5.8 8.0 28.9 6.5 6.7 7.8 4.9 18.6 13.0 14.0 13.2 : : : : 6.2 10.1 11.22019 5.8 8.2 30.0 6.6 6.8 7.8 5.0 18.3 13.0 14.1 13.2 : : 5.2 : 6.5 10.2 11.32020 5.7 8.4 28.3 6.3 6.9 7.5 5.1 18.1 12.9 14.2 13.1 : : 5.3 : 6.3 10.2 11.4

2021 5.6 8.6 27.7 6.3 7.0 7.5 5.1 17.9 12.7 14.2 13.0 : : 5.3 : 6.3 10.2 11.4


118


55. Net social contributions; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.4 :

1980 : : : : : : 18.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 10.6 :

1985 : : : : : : 20.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.1 :

1990 : 19.6 12.5

1991 : 16.3 : : : : 19.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.2 : 1992 : 16.7 : : : : 19.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.1 : 1993 : 17.2 : : : : 20.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.6 : 1994 : 17.7 : : : : 19.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.3 : 1995 16.1 18.2 11.9 6.0 10.4 12.2 19.9 14.0 6.1 11.1 7.2 11.3 7.2 15.8 16.1 9.9 17.5 14.8 14.3 16.61996 16.2 18.8 11.6 5.7 10.4 12.0 20.0 14.3 6.2 10.4 7.7 11.1 7.3 15.3 16.2 9.8 15.8 15.6 13.8 16.71997 16.1 19.0 11.2 5.3 10.6 12.2 19.6 14.4 6.3 10.3 9.0 11.1 7.7 15.1 16.1 10.0 15.1 14.7 12.9 16.61998 16.1 18.7 11.1 5.0 10.8 12.2 17.5 12.2 6.4 10.2 10.0 11.4 7.3 14.8 15.9 10.2 15.2 14.7 12.6 15.61999 16.0 18.6 11.0 4.9 11.0 12.4 17.7 12.2 6.2 10.6 10.1 11.1 7.3 15.3 15.9 10.1 15.0 13.8 12.5 15.62000 15.6 18.1 11.0 4.9 11.6 12.4 17.4 11.7 6.1 10.0 10.2 11.0 7.4 15.1 15.5 10.5 15.2 14.0 11.7 15.3

2001 15.9 17.9 10.7 5.0 11.7 12.6 17.4 11.8 6.3 9.3 9.7 11.7 7.8 13.6 15.5 10.7 15.3 14.1 11.8 15.12002 16.2 17.9 11.0 4.9 12.6 12.5 17.5 12.0 6.2 9.2 9.4 11.8 7.7 13.2 15.3 11.0 15.2 14.5 11.6 15.12003 16.0 18.2 10.7 5.0 12.5 12.6 17.8 12.1 6.4 8.6 9.2 12.0 7.4 13.7 15.3 11.3 15.1 13.8 11.4 15.22004 15.7 17.8 10.4 5.1 12.1 12.6 17.6 12.2 7.0 8.5 9.4 11.9 7.4 13.8 15.2 11.4 15.2 13.1 11.3 15.02005 15.4 17.5 10.2 5.1 12.3 12.6 17.7 12.2 7.5 8.1 9.2 11.9 7.4 12.9 14.9 11.6 15.4 12.6 11.6 14.92006 15.4 17.0 10.1 5.2 11.9 12.6 17.8 11.9 7.1 8.3 9.4 11.2 7.2 13.5 14.7 11.6 15.0 11.7 11.9 14.72007 15.5 16.2 10.4 5.4 12.4 12.6 17.6 12.6 6.8 8.1 9.4 11.2 6.9 13.0 14.4 11.3 14.6 11.6 11.6 14.52008 16.0 16.2 11.5 5.9 12.7 12.7 17.6 13.0 7.0 8.4 9.9 11.7 7.0 13.8 14.5 11.6 14.9 11.8 11.6 14.72009 16.6 17.0 13.0 6.0 12.4 12.9 18.3 13.4 7.8 9.6 13.1 12.8 7.1 13.2 14.9 12.1 15.8 12.5 12.3 15.22010 16.2 16.6 12.8 5.7 13.1 12.8 18.1 13.3 8.0 8.8 12.2 12.2 6.9 13.5 14.8 11.9 16.1 12.2 12.2 15.1

2011 16.5 16.4 11.7 6.1 13.2 12.7 18.3 13.1 7.9 8.8 11.5 12.1 7.1 14.2 14.8 12.0 15.9 12.2 12.1 15.12012 16.7 16.6 11.3 5.6 13.9 12.6 18.5 13.3 7.8 8.9 11.2 12.6 7.0 15.1 14.8 11.4 16.2 12.4 12.7 15.32013 16.8 16.6 11.1 5.8 13.5 12.4 18.8 13.4 7.6 8.7 11.1 12.4 6.9 15.3 15.2 12.0 15.8 13.5 12.7 15.52014 16.6 16.5 11.0 5.6 13.5 12.5 19.0 13.2 8.3 8.7 11.4 11.9 6.6 15.2 15.2 11.8 15.6 13.6 12.7 15.42015 16.4 16.5 11.3 4.3 13.8 12.2 18.8 13.2 8.3 8.6 11.9 12.0 6.2 14.5 15.1 11.6 15.7 13.9 12.7 15.22016 15.7 16.7 11.5 4.4 14.1 12.2 18.7 13.0 8.2 8.6 12.5 11.8 6.2 15.2 15.1 11.6 15.7 14.4 12.8 15.32017 15.6 16.9 11.4 4.3 14.4 12.3 18.8 13.0 8.5 8.8 12.5 12.2 6.2 14.3 15.1 11.6 15.7 14.9 12.1 15.22018 15.5 17.1 11.7 4.2 14.2 12.4 18.0 13.3 8.7 9.5 13.0 12.2 6.2 14.4 15.2 11.7 15.8 15.0 11.9 15.22019 15.6 17.4 11.9 4.2 14.0 12.8 16.8 13.6 11.2 9.7 10.0 12.3 6.1 14.2 15.3 11.9 15.9 15.2 11.7 15.12020 15.5 17.3 12.0 4.2 13.6 12.8 16.7 13.6 14.2 9.8 10.3 12.4 6.1 14.4 15.2 11.9 15.9 15.2 11.9 15.0

2021 15.5 17.4 12.0 4.2 13.3 12.8 16.7 13.5 14.7 9.8 10.3 12.4 6.1 14.5 15.1 11.9 15.9 15.0 11.9 15.1

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

119


55. Net social contributions; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.9

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.6 6.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : 6.3 : : : : : : 7.9 6.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : 6.3 : : : : : : 8.1 7.01992 : : : : : : : : : 6.3 : : : : : : 8.2 7.01993 : : : : : : : 5.8 : 6.3 : : : : : : 8.4 7.01994 : : : : : : : 6.2 : 6.3 : : : : : : 8.6 7.01995 6.8 14.2 1.7 : 14.6 12.2 7.9 5.9 : 6.3 : : : : : : 9.0 7.01996 6.8 14.2 1.7 : 13.7 12.5 7.5 6.4 : 6.3 : : : : : : 9.1 6.91997 7.7 14.5 1.6 : 13.9 12.7 7.2 6.7 : 6.4 : : : : : : 9.4 6.91998 8.1 14.3 1.6 : 13.7 12.6 9.5 4.7 : 6.4 : : : : : : 9.5 6.91999 9.9 14.3 2.2 : 13.1 14.7 11.4 4.5 : 6.6 : : : : : : 9.6 6.92000 10.6 14.4 2.4 : 13.1 14.0 11.4 5.1 : 6.7 : : : : : : 9.4 6.9

2001 9.6 14.3 2.3 11.1 12.8 14.6 11.3 4.6 14.4 6.9 13.0 : : : : : 9.9 7.02002 9.3 14.8 1.7 11.9 12.7 14.0 11.1 3.9 14.3 6.7 13.0 : : : : : 10.1 6.92003 10.1 15.0 1.7 11.8 12.5 13.8 10.2 3.9 14.4 7.1 13.2 : : : : : 10.4 6.82004 9.9 14.8 1.6 11.8 12.1 13.2 9.8 3.8 14.2 7.4 13.0 : : : : : 10.0 6.82005 9.4 14.8 1.5 11.6 12.3 13.3 10.3 3.5 14.1 7.5 12.9 : : : : : 10.2 6.72006 8.0 14.9 1.4 11.5 12.3 13.1 10.4 3.1 13.9 7.5 12.8 : : : : : 10.5 6.72007 7.7 15.0 1.4 11.5 13.5 12.8 10.3 3.2 13.7 7.4 12.6 : : : : : 10.6 6.72008 7.4 14.9 1.3 11.7 13.5 12.2 9.6 3.2 13.9 7.6 12.9 : : : : : 11.1 6.82009 7.2 14.2 1.4 12.1 12.9 12.1 9.7 3.3 14.4 7.7 13.4 : : : : 6.3 11.4 6.72010 6.7 14.6 1.3 11.8 11.9 11.9 9.4 3.1 14.1 7.7 13.2 : : : : 6.3 11.4 6.6

2011 6.7 14.7 1.3 11.6 13.0 12.2 9.1 3.3 14.2 7.6 13.2 : : : : 7.0 12.0 5.92012 6.8 14.8 1.2 11.4 13.7 13.0 8.8 3.3 14.3 7.6 13.3 : : : : 7.2 12.3 5.92013 7.5 14.8 1.1 11.2 13.4 13.4 8.6 3.4 14.4 7.4 13.4 : : : : 7.4 12.4 6.62014 7.8 14.6 1.0 11.8 13.3 13.2 8.5 3.3 14.4 7.3 13.2 : : : : 7.5 12.5 6.62015 7.8 14.4 1.0 12.0 13.3 13.5 8.1 3.3 14.2 7.5 13.0 : : : : 7.7 12.5 6.62016 7.7 14.7 0.9 11.9 13.9 13.8 8.8 3.3 14.3 7.6 13.2 : : : : 7.9 12.8 6.72017 8.3 15.0 0.9 11.9 12.9 13.9 9.4 3.3 14.3 7.8 13.3 : : : : 7.4 12.9 6.72018 8.7 15.6 0.9 12.0 12.3 14.1 11.5 3.4 14.3 7.8 13.3 : : : : 7.4 13.1 6.62019 8.7 15.9 0.8 11.8 12.0 14.3 11.6 3.4 14.2 7.9 13.2 : : 9.4 : 7.5 13.1 6.72020 8.8 16.1 0.8 11.7 11.8 14.8 11.7 3.4 14.2 7.9 13.2 : : 9.5 : 7.5 13.2 6.7

2021 8.9 16.3 0.8 11.5 11.6 14.9 11.7 3.4 14.2 7.9 13.3 : : 9.7 : 7.4 13.3 6.7


120


56. Actual social contributions received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 17.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 9.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 18.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 9.4 :

1990 : 18.1 11.7

1991 : 15.4 : : : : 18.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.0 : 1992 : 15.7 : : : : 18.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.9 : 1993 : 16.3 : : : : 18.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.4 : 1994 : 16.6 : : : : 18.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.1 : 1995 14.2 16.9 11.9 4.3 9.0 11.3 18.2 12.4 6.1 11.0 7.2 9.5 6.0 14.7 14.8 7.7 17.3 14.7 14.1 15.21996 14.2 17.5 11.5 4.0 9.1 11.1 18.2 13.9 6.2 10.3 7.7 9.5 6.0 14.2 14.9 7.5 15.6 15.5 13.6 15.51997 14.1 17.7 11.1 3.8 9.3 11.3 17.8 14.1 6.3 10.2 9.0 9.6 6.4 14.0 14.8 7.7 14.9 14.6 12.7 15.41998 14.0 17.4 11.1 3.6 9.5 11.3 15.7 11.8 6.4 10.1 10.0 9.9 6.0 13.8 14.7 7.7 15.0 14.6 12.5 14.41999 14.0 17.2 11.0 3.6 9.6 11.6 15.9 11.8 6.2 10.3 10.1 9.7 6.0 14.3 14.7 7.8 14.8 13.8 12.4 14.42000 13.6 16.9 10.9 3.6 10.1 11.6 15.7 11.4 6.1 9.8 10.2 9.7 6.3 14.3 14.4 7.9 15.0 13.9 11.7 14.1

2001 13.8 16.7 10.6 3.8 10.2 11.8 15.7 11.5 6.3 9.1 9.7 10.4 6.4 12.7 14.3 8.2 15.1 14.1 11.8 14.02002 14.0 16.7 10.9 3.7 11.1 11.8 15.8 11.7 6.2 9.1 9.4 10.5 6.3 12.3 14.2 8.2 15.0 14.4 11.6 14.02003 13.9 16.9 10.6 3.7 11.0 11.8 16.0 11.8 6.4 8.4 9.2 10.7 6.1 12.8 14.2 8.3 14.9 13.6 11.4 14.12004 13.6 16.5 10.3 3.8 10.5 11.9 15.8 11.9 7.0 8.3 9.1 10.6 6.0 12.9 14.1 8.1 14.9 12.9 11.3 13.92005 13.4 16.3 10.1 3.8 10.7 11.8 15.9 12.0 7.5 7.9 8.9 10.6 6.0 12.1 14.0 8.2 15.1 12.5 11.6 13.82006 13.3 15.8 10.0 3.9 10.3 11.9 16.1 11.6 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.0 5.8 13.0 13.9 8.1 14.8 11.6 11.9 13.62007 13.4 15.0 10.3 4.1 10.7 11.9 15.8 12.3 6.8 7.9 9.1 10.0 5.6 12.5 13.6 8.2 14.4 11.5 11.6 13.52008 13.8 15.0 11.4 4.4 10.7 12.0 15.8 12.8 7.0 7.9 9.5 10.5 5.7 13.3 13.8 8.4 14.7 11.7 11.6 13.62009 14.3 15.7 12.8 5.2 10.2 12.1 16.4 13.2 7.8 9.2 12.6 11.5 5.7 12.6 14.2 8.6 15.6 12.4 12.3 14.12010 14.0 15.4 12.6 5.0 10.9 12.0 16.2 13.0 8.0 8.6 11.8 10.9 5.6 12.9 14.1 8.6 15.8 12.0 12.2 13.9

2011 14.1 15.2 11.5 5.3 10.7 11.9 16.4 12.9 7.9 8.7 11.1 10.9 5.9 13.6 14.1 8.9 15.6 12.0 12.1 14.02012 14.3 15.4 11.1 4.9 10.9 11.8 16.6 13.0 7.8 8.7 10.8 11.3 5.8 14.5 14.2 8.7 15.9 12.2 12.7 14.22013 14.4 15.4 10.9 5.0 10.7 11.7 16.9 13.1 7.6 8.5 10.8 11.2 5.7 14.7 14.6 8.9 15.5 13.3 12.7 14.32014 14.2 15.3 10.8 4.9 10.4 11.8 17.0 12.9 8.3 8.4 11.1 10.7 5.5 14.6 14.6 9.0 15.3 13.4 12.7 14.32015 14.1 15.4 11.1 3.9 10.6 11.5 16.8 13.0 8.3 8.3 11.6 10.7 5.2 13.9 14.6 9.0 15.4 13.7 12.7 14.12016 13.5 15.6 11.3 3.9 10.9 11.5 16.8 12.8 8.2 8.2 12.1 10.5 5.2 14.7 14.6 9.1 15.4 14.2 12.8 14.22017 13.4 15.8 11.2 3.8 11.5 11.6 16.9 12.7 8.5 8.4 12.2 10.9 5.3 13.8 14.6 9.2 15.4 14.7 12.1 14.22018 13.3 16.0 11.4 3.8 11.6 11.8 16.2 13.1 8.7 9.1 12.7 10.9 5.3 14.0 14.8 9.4 15.5 14.8 11.9 14.22019 13.3 16.2 11.6 3.9 11.4 12.0 15.0 13.3 11.2 9.3 9.7 11.0 5.3 13.7 14.9 9.5 15.6 15.0 11.7 14.02020 13.3 16.2 11.7 3.9 11.1 12.0 14.9 13.3 14.2 9.4 10.1 11.1 5.3 14.0 14.8 9.6 15.7 15.0 11.9 14.0

2021 13.3 16.3 11.8 3.9 10.9 12.0 14.9 13.3 14.7 9.4 10.0 11.1 5.3 14.0 14.8 9.6 15.7 14.8 11.9 14.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

121


56. Actual social contributions received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.8

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.0 6.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : 5.6 : : : : : : 7.4 6.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : 5.6 : : : : : : 7.6 7.01992 : : : : : : : : : 5.6 : : : : : : 7.8 6.91993 : : : : : : : 5.8 : 5.6 : : : : : : 8.0 6.91994 : : : : : : : 6.2 : 5.7 : : : : : : 8.2 7.01995 6.6 14.2 1.1 : 14.5 11.3 7.7 5.4 : 5.7 : : : : : : 8.6 7.01996 6.6 14.2 1.1 : 13.6 11.5 7.3 5.9 : 5.6 : : : : : : 8.7 6.91997 7.4 14.5 1.1 : 13.8 11.7 7.0 6.2 : 6.0 : : : : : : 8.9 6.81998 7.8 14.3 1.1 : 13.6 11.7 9.2 4.6 : 6.1 : : : : : : 9.1 6.91999 9.5 14.3 1.7 : 13.0 13.8 11.0 4.4 : 6.3 : : : : : : 9.1 6.92000 10.6 14.4 1.9 : 13.1 13.0 11.1 5.0 : 6.4 : : : : : : 8.9 6.9

2001 9.6 14.3 1.8 11.1 12.7 13.6 11.0 4.5 13.3 6.5 12.1 : : : : : 9.4 6.92002 9.3 14.8 1.3 11.9 12.6 13.0 10.7 3.8 13.3 6.4 12.0 : : : : : 9.5 6.92003 10.1 15.0 1.3 11.8 12.4 12.7 9.8 3.8 13.4 6.9 12.3 : : : : : 9.8 6.82004 9.9 14.8 1.2 11.8 12.0 12.2 9.3 3.7 13.2 7.3 12.2 : : : : : 9.5 6.82005 9.4 14.8 1.2 11.6 12.2 12.3 9.7 3.4 13.1 7.4 12.1 : : : : : 9.7 6.72006 8.0 14.9 1.1 11.5 12.2 12.1 9.8 3.0 12.9 7.4 11.9 : : : : : 9.9 6.72007 7.7 15.0 1.1 11.5 13.4 11.9 9.6 3.0 12.7 7.4 11.8 : : : : : 10.0 6.62008 7.4 14.9 1.0 11.7 13.4 11.3 9.0 3.1 12.9 7.5 12.1 : : : : : 10.4 6.72009 7.2 14.2 1.0 12.1 12.8 11.2 9.0 3.2 13.3 7.6 12.5 : : : : : 10.7 6.62010 6.7 14.6 1.0 11.8 11.8 10.9 8.7 3.0 13.1 7.5 12.3 : : : : : 10.8 6.5

2011 6.7 14.7 1.1 11.6 12.9 11.2 9.1 3.1 13.1 7.5 12.3 : : : : : 11.3 5.92012 6.8 14.8 1.0 11.4 13.7 12.1 8.8 3.2 13.3 7.5 12.4 : : : : : 11.7 5.82013 7.5 14.8 0.8 11.2 13.3 12.4 8.6 3.2 13.4 7.3 12.5 : : : : : 11.8 6.62014 7.8 14.6 0.8 11.8 13.2 12.2 8.5 3.2 13.4 7.2 12.4 : : : : : 12.0 6.62015 7.8 14.4 0.8 12.0 13.2 12.5 8.1 3.1 13.2 7.4 12.2 : : : : : 12.0 6.62016 7.7 14.7 0.8 11.9 13.8 12.8 8.0 3.1 13.3 7.5 12.4 : : : : : 12.4 6.62017 8.3 15.0 0.7 11.9 12.9 12.9 8.4 3.1 13.3 7.7 12.4 : : : : : 12.5 6.62018 8.7 15.6 0.7 12.0 12.3 13.3 10.6 3.2 13.4 7.7 12.5 : : : : : 12.6 6.62019 8.7 15.9 0.7 11.8 12.0 13.4 10.8 3.2 13.3 7.8 12.4 : : 9.1 : : 12.7 6.72020 8.8 16.1 0.7 11.7 11.7 13.5 11.0 3.3 13.3 7.8 12.4 : : 9.2 : : 12.8 6.7

2021 8.9 16.3 0.7 11.5 11.5 13.6 11.0 3.3 13.3 7.8 12.4 : : 9.3 : : 12.9 6.7


122


57. Other current revenue including sales; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1 :

1980 : : : : : : 4.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 6.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 5.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.0 :

1990 : 5.4 8.8

1991 : 4.6 : : : : 5.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 10.4 : 1992 : 5.2 : : : : 5.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.5 : 1993 : 5.0 : : : : 5.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.7 : 1994 : 5.1 : : : : 5.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 9.7 : 1995 3.4 4.7 5.3 3.8 5.4 4.4 5.8 4.0 5.3 3.5 5.4 5.9 7.5 7.1 6.7 5.1 5.5 5.3 10.2 5.11996 3.6 4.6 4.4 3.8 5.3 4.3 5.9 4.1 5.5 4.9 6.0 5.5 6.4 6.9 6.8 5.2 5.6 4.6 10.1 5.01997 3.4 4.4 5.0 3.4 5.4 4.1 5.7 4.0 5.5 4.0 7.2 5.4 6.0 6.6 4.7 5.2 5.7 5.7 9.5 4.81998 3.5 4.2 4.3 3.2 5.0 3.9 5.5 3.9 5.2 4.7 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.2 4.6 4.8 5.8 4.2 8.8 4.61999 3.4 4.2 4.1 2.8 5.1 3.9 5.2 4.0 4.6 5.1 5.0 4.9 6.0 5.9 4.8 5.5 5.6 5.7 8.1 4.62000 3.5 4.1 4.7 2.8 5.1 3.5 5.3 3.8 4.9 4.3 5.3 5.1 5.2 6.0 4.9 5.3 5.9 6.2 8.9 4.5

2001 3.8 4.3 4.6 2.7 5.9 3.7 5.6 4.0 5.2 3.9 4.1 5.0 5.3 6.3 5.4 4.9 6.1 5.1 9.0 4.72002 3.8 4.3 4.9 2.6 4.7 3.5 5.5 4.0 4.9 4.5 3.8 4.9 5.1 5.8 5.5 5.1 6.3 4.2 9.1 4.62003 3.7 4.5 5.5 2.5 4.7 3.3 5.2 3.8 5.7 4.3 3.3 4.6 5.2 6.0 5.7 5.1 5.8 4.5 9.2 4.62004 3.6 4.3 5.1 2.6 5.5 3.2 5.2 3.9 4.6 5.6 3.0 4.5 5.3 6.3 5.6 5.5 5.6 3.8 9.4 4.62005 3.8 4.3 4.8 2.7 4.4 3.1 5.3 3.8 5.0 4.8 3.6 4.3 4.1 6.3 6.4 5.2 5.5 5.4 9.5 4.62006 3.8 4.3 5.2 2.9 4.3 3.4 5.4 3.8 4.8 5.8 2.8 4.5 4.0 6.6 6.3 5.5 5.1 5.7 9.8 4.62007 3.7 4.3 4.8 2.9 4.7 3.6 5.4 3.8 4.9 4.5 2.9 4.5 4.2 6.4 6.2 5.9 4.9 4.8 10.2 4.72008 4.0 4.4 5.1 3.5 5.1 3.7 5.6 3.9 4.6 4.4 3.3 5.0 4.8 7.1 6.0 6.1 5.6 5.4 10.8 4.92009 4.2 4.9 6.5 4.0 5.0 4.0 5.8 4.1 4.6 6.1 3.7 4.7 4.3 7.0 6.4 6.5 5.5 6.5 10.7 5.12010 4.4 4.9 5.8 4.6 5.2 3.9 5.8 4.1 5.0 6.6 4.4 4.6 4.1 6.8 6.4 5.9 5.9 5.8 10.6 5.2

2011 4.7 5.2 5.4 4.6 5.6 4.0 5.8 4.1 4.3 6.2 4.0 4.4 4.0 6.6 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.7 10.7 5.22012 4.8 5.1 5.3 4.8 5.8 4.2 5.6 4.1 4.3 5.8 4.0 4.5 4.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.6 6.9 10.7 5.32013 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.6 6.7 4.3 5.6 4.4 4.8 5.5 3.8 4.5 4.1 7.2 6.3 7.0 6.9 7.2 10.7 5.42014 4.9 5.2 5.2 4.2 5.4 4.1 5.6 4.5 6.3 5.2 3.8 4.4 3.7 6.3 6.3 6.8 6.3 7.1 10.7 5.32015 4.6 5.0 5.1 3.2 5.6 3.8 5.6 4.4 6.1 4.9 4.0 4.5 4.1 5.5 6.3 6.2 6.3 8.1 10.4 5.12016 4.8 4.9 4.9 2.8 6.5 3.7 5.5 4.3 5.4 4.9 3.9 4.3 5.1 5.0 6.2 5.9 6.1 6.4 10.1 5.02017 4.8 4.8 5.0 2.6 5.6 3.5 5.4 4.2 5.1 5.3 3.5 4.2 5.9 4.9 6.0 5.7 6.1 6.1 10.0 4.82018 4.9 5.0 4.7 2.4 5.2 3.5 5.2 4.3 5.0 5.4 3.6 4.1 5.1 4.7 6.1 5.6 6.0 5.9 9.9 4.82019 4.9 4.9 4.8 2.3 5.3 3.4 5.2 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.4 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.7 9.9 4.82020 4.9 4.9 4.9 2.2 4.4 3.4 5.1 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.9 4.4 4.4 6.0 5.6 5.4 5.5 9.8 4.7

2021 4.8 4.9 4.8 2.1 4.4 3.4 5.1 4.3 4.5 3.9 3.4 3.8 4.4 4.3 6.0 5.6 5.2 5.3 9.7 4.7

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

123


57. Other current revenue including sales; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1)

1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.0

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1 6.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : 2.7 : : : : : : 5.4 6.1

1991 : : : : : : : : : 2.7 : : : : : : 5.5 6.31992 : : : : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : 5.4 6.21993 : : : : : : : 12.2 : 2.5 : : : : : : 5.5 6.21994 : : : : : : : 11.5 : 2.4 : : : : : : : 6.21995 4.8 5.4 6.9 : 6.0 5.9 4.2 9.9 : 2.4 : : : : : : : 6.31996 5.4 5.4 7.3 : 6.7 5.4 3.5 9.5 : 2.4 : : : : : : : 6.31997 5.6 5.1 6.5 : 5.8 5.3 3.6 8.6 : 2.3 : : : : : : : 6.11998 7.6 5.4 6.3 : 5.2 4.6 3.1 8.6 : 2.4 : : : : : : : 6.11999 11.3 5.0 6.0 : 4.8 5.1 3.4 7.6 : 2.3 : : : : : : : 6.02000 9.5 4.7 6.1 : 4.6 5.2 3.2 7.2 : 2.5 : : : : : : : 6.1

2001 11.6 5.0 6.5 5.0 4.6 6.2 3.8 7.0 4.9 2.6 4.5 : : : : : : 6.22002 10.2 4.9 6.2 9.0 4.2 6.4 4.4 6.9 4.8 2.5 4.4 : : : : : : 6.12003 7.9 5.1 6.4 7.9 4.2 6.0 3.9 6.8 4.7 2.4 4.3 : : : : : : 6.12004 8.2 5.2 7.1 7.5 4.9 5.5 4.2 6.7 4.7 2.7 4.4 : : : : : : 6.02005 7.5 4.9 6.9 7.0 4.6 5.9 3.7 7.1 4.7 2.9 4.4 : : : : : 6.8 6.02006 5.8 4.8 7.1 6.5 4.9 5.8 4.1 6.9 4.8 3.1 4.5 : : : : : 7.0 6.22007 6.5 4.8 7.0 6.2 4.8 5.0 4.5 7.3 4.8 3.3 4.6 : : : : : 6.9 6.32008 7.6 4.9 7.7 6.0 5.2 5.0 4.3 7.5 5.0 3.4 4.8 : : : : : 6.9 6.32009 7.4 5.3 7.6 6.3 5.8 4.9 4.0 7.3 5.3 3.5 5.0 : : : : 7.0 7.0 6.72010 6.1 5.3 7.7 5.8 5.8 4.9 4.8 7.0 5.3 3.4 5.0 : : : : 7.1 6.7 6.8

2011 5.7 5.4 7.9 5.6 5.4 4.6 4.4 7.0 5.3 3.2 5.0 : : : : 6.4 6.7 6.72012 6.1 5.5 7.6 6.2 5.9 4.8 4.3 7.0 5.4 3.2 5.0 : : : : 6.9 6.5 6.52013 7.2 5.7 7.4 6.3 6.4 4.6 4.5 6.9 5.4 4.2 5.3 : : : : 6.3 6.6 7.12014 7.2 5.4 6.5 6.5 6.1 4.7 4.5 6.4 5.3 3.6 5.1 : : : : 6.2 6.8 6.82015 6.0 5.2 5.9 7.6 5.9 4.6 4.7 6.0 5.1 3.6 4.9 : : : : 6.0 6.8 6.72016 5.8 4.9 5.8 8.1 5.5 3.9 4.0 6.0 5.0 3.5 4.8 : : : : 6.1 6.6 6.52017 6.0 4.6 5.7 8.0 5.4 4.0 3.7 5.9 4.9 3.7 4.7 : : : : 5.5 6.7 6.42018 8.0 4.9 6.1 7.2 5.6 4.2 4.2 6.2 4.9 3.6 4.7 : : : : 5.7 : 6.22019 8.4 4.6 5.8 7.7 5.3 3.9 4.1 6.1 4.8 3.6 4.7 : : : : 6.7 : 6.22020 8.6 4.4 5.6 8.0 5.0 3.7 4.1 6.2 4.8 3.6 4.6 : : : : 5.8 : 6.3

2021 8.3 4.3 5.3 7.9 4.8 3.5 4.2 6.2 4.7 3.6 4.5 : : : : 5.8 : 6.3

1) EU excluding UK

124


58. Total current revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 43.4 :

1980 : : : : : : 46.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 43.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 49.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 49.4 :

1990 : 47.7 53.0

1991 : 43.0 : : : : 48.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.6 : 1992 : 44.4 : : : : 47.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.3 : 1993 : 44.8 : : : : 48.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.8 : 1994 : 45.4 : : : : 49.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.9 : 1995 47.9 45.2 40.4 36.9 34.6 36.1 49.4 43.6 30.1 34.1 33.0 43.1 35.0 44.7 49.4 36.2 44.8 44.9 54.9 45.01996 48.7 45.4 38.4 37.1 34.6 35.8 50.7 44.5 29.9 34.4 33.3 42.5 31.9 44.6 50.9 37.1 43.9 43.3 56.0 45.51997 49.0 45.2 38.6 36.1 35.8 36.4 50.6 45.6 29.4 34.9 38.5 43.8 33.6 43.6 49.5 37.1 42.9 42.4 54.5 45.51998 49.6 45.1 38.0 35.1 36.7 37.1 50.3 44.5 30.3 36.7 38.1 44.8 31.4 42.6 49.4 37.1 43.6 40.5 53.6 45.21999 49.3 46.1 36.5 34.8 38.0 37.4 50.7 45.0 30.0 36.5 37.9 42.6 33.8 43.3 49.2 38.4 43.8 40.6 52.3 45.72000 48.9 45.8 35.8 34.4 39.5 36.9 50.0 43.7 32.1 33.8 36.4 43.5 33.3 43.0 48.4 38.5 43.7 40.0 54.4 45.1

2001 49.3 44.0 35.0 32.3 38.9 36.9 50.0 43.9 33.1 32.7 33.8 43.9 35.2 42.0 50.5 37.9 44.0 38.0 51.9 44.52002 49.5 43.6 36.0 31.5 39.0 37.1 49.3 43.4 32.8 32.6 33.0 43.6 35.7 41.1 49.5 38.8 44.7 37.1 52.1 44.02003 48.9 44.2 36.4 32.1 37.4 36.8 48.8 42.4 34.5 32.0 32.0 43.4 35.8 41.0 49.3 38.0 44.4 37.2 51.4 43.72004 48.5 43.0 36.1 33.3 37.2 37.5 48.9 42.6 33.2 33.3 32.2 42.3 36.3 41.3 48.7 38.9 44.3 35.4 50.9 43.52005 48.6 43.1 34.5 33.8 37.5 38.6 49.5 42.7 35.2 32.8 33.0 43.4 36.5 41.5 48.4 39.4 44.8 36.7 51.3 43.82006 48.4 43.2 35.5 35.3 36.7 39.6 50.1 43.9 36.6 34.5 33.1 41.4 36.9 42.6 47.6 40.3 44.0 34.9 51.6 44.32007 48.1 43.3 35.7 34.7 37.9 40.2 49.7 45.2 40.6 32.9 33.0 41.8 37.9 41.9 47.6 40.8 43.0 33.9 51.3 44.42008 49.2 43.7 36.2 33.6 38.5 36.1 49.8 45.0 39.1 32.7 34.0 42.8 37.7 43.0 48.2 41.0 43.2 34.2 51.6 44.22009 48.8 44.7 41.3 32.6 37.6 34.1 49.7 45.0 36.2 33.8 34.3 44.2 37.6 42.2 48.3 39.7 42.9 35.3 51.3 44.12010 49.2 43.4 38.8 32.7 39.2 35.7 49.8 45.3 36.6 35.1 33.1 43.3 36.9 42.3 48.2 39.4 44.1 33.8 51.0 44.1

2011 50.4 44.0 36.6 33.3 41.6 35.6 50.8 44.9 35.9 34.5 31.5 42.7 37.1 42.1 48.1 41.5 43.8 35.7 52.3 44.62012 51.4 44.5 36.8 33.7 44.4 37.0 51.9 47.3 35.9 34.9 31.2 44.2 37.2 42.6 48.8 41.1 44.7 35.5 52.9 45.82013 52.0 44.6 36.6 33.9 45.1 37.8 52.9 47.5 36.5 34.9 30.9 44.1 37.5 43.3 49.4 44.0 44.5 38.1 53.9 46.32014 51.6 44.5 37.2 33.5 44.3 38.2 53.0 47.5 39.9 35.0 31.4 43.1 36.9 43.3 49.5 43.7 43.8 38.9 54.0 46.32015 50.5 44.6 38.3 26.7 45.0 37.6 52.8 47.2 39.1 34.9 33.0 42.7 35.3 42.3 49.9 43.0 44.0 40.7 53.7 45.82016 50.0 45.0 38.5 26.5 47.7 37.3 52.7 46.2 37.5 36.0 33.6 42.2 36.8 43.3 48.4 42.3 43.9 39.6 53.6 45.72017 50.4 45.3 37.7 25.5 46.8 37.4 53.2 45.9 38.1 36.7 33.0 42.9 38.4 43.4 48.2 42.0 43.6 40.2 52.6 45.82018 50.6 46.0 37.5 25.1 46.5 38.2 53.1 46.0 38.6 36.6 33.9 44.4 37.5 43.2 48.7 42.6 43.8 40.1 51.9 46.02019 49.8 46.2 37.9 25.0 45.4 38.5 52.0 46.4 40.7 35.6 34.1 45.2 37.2 43.4 48.6 42.7 43.3 40.0 51.6 45.92020 49.5 46.0 37.9 24.9 43.8 38.8 51.7 46.6 43.5 35.3 34.6 45.0 37.6 43.0 48.5 42.8 42.8 39.7 51.8 45.7

2021 49.4 45.8 37.9 24.7 43.4 38.9 51.3 46.1 43.8 34.8 34.3 45.2 37.7 43.0 48.3 42.8 42.6 39.2 51.6 45.5

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

125


58. Total current revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.2

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 30.6 31.1

1990 : : : : : : : : : 33.8 : : : : : : 32.9 32.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : 33.5 : : : : : : 32.7 32.21992 : : : : : : : : : 32.8 : : : : : : 32.5 32.01993 : : : : : : : 59.0 : 31.6 : : : : : : 31.3 32.21994 : : : : : : : 58.7 : 32.1 : : : : : : 31.6 32.61995 26.1 40.0 54.9 : 46.3 43.6 32.0 56.2 : 33.0 : : : : : : 31.7 32.91996 28.5 38.6 55.5 : 46.1 43.1 29.6 58.1 : 32.8 : : : : : : 31.7 33.31997 31.0 38.7 54.6 : 43.7 42.5 30.2 57.3 : 33.4 : : : : : : 32.4 33.61998 34.9 37.8 54.9 : 43.0 41.0 32.4 57.4 : 34.9 : : : : : : 31.5 33.91999 41.4 38.2 55.3 : 43.3 41.2 34.8 56.8 : 35.5 : : : : : : 31.9 33.82000 40.1 37.3 54.4 : 43.9 39.1 33.8 56.3 : 36.5 : : : : : : 31.8 34.3

2001 41.5 37.5 53.8 43.7 42.8 40.3 32.8 54.0 44.7 36.3 43.2 : : : : : 32.2 33.42002 37.8 38.3 53.0 46.6 41.7 40.6 32.9 52.3 44.3 35.3 42.6 : : : : : 31.3 31.12003 38.0 39.2 53.3 45.0 41.6 39.7 32.9 52.7 44.0 35.3 42.5 : : : : : 30.8 30.62004 39.4 39.8 54.7 43.9 41.9 38.5 32.3 52.8 43.8 36.6 42.6 : : : : : 30.6 30.92005 37.5 38.9 56.1 43.3 41.1 39.8 32.4 54.2 44.1 37.2 42.9 : : : : : 31.7 32.32006 35.1 38.6 54.7 43.4 41.3 40.4 33.4 53.4 44.5 37.5 43.3 : : : : : 32.9 33.12007 37.4 39.1 54.5 43.3 44.1 40.6 33.4 52.9 44.6 37.8 43.4 : : : : : 33.5 33.22008 37.6 37.9 53.4 42.8 44.4 40.0 31.6 52.0 44.2 37.5 43.2 : : : : : 33.2 32.22009 34.1 37.4 53.6 42.6 44.7 37.0 29.9 51.6 44.0 36.7 43.0 : : : : 31.7 32.4 30.02010 31.8 37.9 53.8 41.8 42.9 37.1 31.8 50.3 44.0 37.8 43.1 : : : : 32.8 31.9 30.6

2011 30.7 39.0 54.0 40.7 42.0 37.3 32.6 49.4 44.5 38.0 43.5 : : : : 32.7 33.0 31.02012 32.5 39.6 54.3 42.1 45.0 37.8 32.0 49.6 45.5 37.2 44.2 : : : : 33.1 33.5 30.92013 35.2 40.4 55.1 42.6 45.0 37.4 31.8 50.0 46.0 37.9 44.8 : : : : 32.9 34.3 33.02014 35.3 39.1 57.0 43.1 44.6 37.5 32.0 49.2 46.0 37.1 44.5 : : : : 32.2 35.8 33.02015 34.7 39.1 53.7 44.8 44.7 37.9 32.7 49.2 45.5 37.3 44.1 : : : : 32.3 36.1 33.22016 34.5 39.6 52.7 45.8 44.8 38.2 30.6 50.5 45.5 37.8 44.2 : : : : 32.8 36.1 32.72017 35.0 39.9 52.5 45.7 43.6 39.0 29.4 50.5 45.5 38.3 44.4 : : : : 31.2 36.5 32.32018 37.5 40.9 52.1 45.8 43.0 40.2 31.3 50.4 45.7 38.3 44.6 : : : : 31.0 36.8 31.12019 37.9 40.9 52.6 46.3 42.3 39.9 31.3 49.8 45.5 38.5 44.5 : : : : 31.6 37.0 31.22020 38.0 41.0 50.5 45.8 41.8 40.3 31.6 49.8 45.4 38.6 44.3 : : : : 30.5 37.4 31.3

2021 37.8 41.2 49.5 45.3 41.5 40.1 31.7 49.6 45.1 38.7 44.1 : : : : 30.4 37.6 31.3


126


59. Final consumption expenditure of general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 16.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 21.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 22.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 19.7 :

1990 : 21.2 20.9

1991 : 18.7 : : : : 21.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.9 : 1992 : 19.2 : : : : 22.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 24.3 : 1993 : 19.4 : : : : 23.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.3 : 1994 : 19.3 : : : : 23.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 22.4 : 1995 21.3 19.4 24.6 17.2 17.8 17.6 23.2 17.4 12.4 23.6 24.0 15.9 18.0 22.4 19.6 17.5 17.8 23.8 21.9 20.01996 21.7 19.7 22.6 16.6 17.6 17.5 23.5 17.6 13.1 22.0 24.1 16.1 19.1 21.4 19.6 17.7 17.7 25.3 22.2 20.11997 21.2 19.4 20.4 16.1 17.7 17.0 23.4 17.7 14.8 21.1 24.2 16.2 18.4 21.0 19.6 17.6 17.6 23.0 21.3 19.81998 21.1 19.1 20.7 15.5 17.5 16.9 22.6 17.5 16.1 22.7 25.9 15.8 18.3 20.8 19.6 17.8 17.6 23.2 20.6 19.51999 21.3 19.2 22.1 14.9 18.0 16.8 22.6 17.5 16.1 22.6 23.7 15.4 17.8 20.6 19.8 18.0 17.8 21.1 20.3 19.52000 21.0 19.0 19.8 14.7 18.3 16.7 22.3 17.7 15.1 21.0 22.4 14.9 17.7 20.6 19.2 18.9 18.5 20.7 19.7 19.4

2001 21.3 18.9 18.8 15.4 18.7 16.5 22.1 18.4 15.9 20.6 21.1 15.8 19.0 21.0 19.0 19.2 18.8 20.9 19.9 19.52002 22.1 19.2 18.3 15.8 19.2 16.6 22.7 18.5 16.6 20.7 20.6 16.2 18.8 22.1 18.8 19.6 18.7 20.4 20.6 19.82003 22.5 19.3 18.0 16.0 19.0 16.8 23.1 19.0 17.9 21.0 19.6 16.8 18.9 22.9 19.0 20.1 18.8 20.7 21.1 20.12004 22.2 18.8 17.5 16.1 19.2 17.2 23.0 19.2 16.6 19.9 19.2 17.0 19.1 22.5 18.9 20.4 18.8 18.8 21.2 20.02005 22.1 18.8 17.0 16.0 20.0 17.3 23.1 19.6 16.5 17.9 18.5 17.1 18.1 22.3 19.3 21.0 18.9 18.5 21.4 20.12006 21.9 18.3 16.0 16.2 20.2 17.4 22.8 19.5 16.9 17.2 19.1 15.8 18.6 23.2 19.3 20.3 18.7 18.8 21.3 19.92007 21.6 17.9 16.1 16.9 20.5 17.7 22.4 19.0 16.4 17.6 17.4 15.2 17.9 23.2 18.7 19.6 17.5 17.1 20.8 19.62008 22.7 18.3 18.7 18.8 20.7 18.8 22.6 19.6 17.1 19.7 18.7 15.7 19.7 23.5 19.3 19.8 18.2 17.5 21.6 20.12009 24.2 20.0 21.1 20.1 23.3 20.6 24.1 20.7 18.8 19.1 21.2 17.5 19.8 26.0 20.7 21.3 20.2 20.0 24.1 21.82010 23.7 19.6 20.1 18.8 22.2 20.6 24.0 20.6 18.5 18.4 19.9 17.0 19.5 26.2 20.5 20.6 20.4 19.2 23.7 21.5

2011 24.0 19.1 18.7 18.3 21.7 20.7 23.7 19.8 19.1 18.2 18.4 16.6 19.7 25.8 19.9 19.7 20.6 18.3 23.4 21.12012 24.3 19.3 18.5 17.7 21.8 20.0 24.0 19.8 18.8 17.4 17.5 17.3 20.2 26.0 19.9 18.3 20.4 17.7 24.1 21.22013 24.3 19.6 19.0 16.9 20.5 19.9 24.1 19.8 18.5 17.6 16.7 17.3 19.3 25.8 19.9 18.8 19.6 18.0 24.5 21.32014 24.2 19.6 19.1 16.0 20.4 19.6 24.1 19.5 16.8 17.5 16.6 16.7 18.9 25.7 19.8 18.4 18.9 18.4 24.5 21.12015 23.6 19.6 20.0 12.3 20.3 19.5 23.8 19.1 16.4 18.1 17.2 16.5 17.5 25.0 19.8 17.9 18.8 18.6 24.4 20.72016 23.2 19.8 20.4 12.4 20.2 19.1 23.7 19.0 15.3 18.1 17.0 15.9 16.1 24.7 19.7 17.6 19.1 18.9 23.7 20.72017 23.1 19.9 19.9 12.1 20.2 18.6 23.7 18.8 15.0 18.1 16.3 16.5 15.4 24.3 19.5 17.2 18.4 18.9 22.8 20.52018 23.1 19.9 19.6 12.0 19.1 18.6 23.4 19.0 14.9 17.8 16.5 16.7 16.3 24.2 19.3 17.0 18.3 18.6 22.7 20.42019 23.1 20.3 19.7 12.2 19.6 18.7 23.1 19.1 16.3 17.8 16.7 17.1 17.7 24.5 19.3 17.2 18.5 19.2 23.0 20.62020 23.2 20.4 19.6 12.2 19.2 18.8 22.9 19.1 18.2 17.8 16.7 17.4 17.8 24.8 19.3 17.4 18.5 19.6 23.4 20.6

2021 23.3 20.5 19.5 12.1 18.8 18.8 22.7 18.9 18.6 17.9 16.7 17.5 17.8 24.7 19.3 17.5 18.4 19.8 23.6 20.6

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

127


59. Final consumption expenditure of general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 18.0

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 17.6

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 15.9

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 13.6 15.9

1990 : : : : : : : : : 16.6 : : : : : : 13.0 15.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : 17.3 : : : : : : 13.1 16.31992 : : : : : : : : : 17.9 : : : : : : 13.5 16.11993 : : : : : : : 27.6 : 17.3 : : : : : : 14.0 15.61994 : : : : : : : 26.6 : 17.0 : : : : : : 15.0 15.21995 15.2 20.4 24.1 : 22.9 18.9 12.2 25.7 : 16.9 : : : : : : 15.4 14.91996 13.7 19.7 24.1 : 21.6 18.5 11.7 26.0 : 16.6 : : : : : : 15.4 14.51997 12.1 20.3 23.6 : 21.3 18.1 12.7 25.5 : 16.2 : : : : : : 15.6 14.21998 18.2 19.3 24.1 : 20.9 17.7 11.9 25.6 : 16.2 : : : : : : 16.0 14.01999 19.4 20.2 24.4 : 21.3 17.9 16.7 25.6 : 16.6 : : : : : : 16.5 14.02000 19.8 19.9 23.9 : 21.2 18.1 16.9 24.7 : 16.8 : : : : : : 16.9 14.0

2001 19.4 19.8 24.3 19.2 21.1 18.7 15.8 24.9 19.7 17.4 19.3 : : : : : 17.5 14.52002 19.2 21.3 24.9 19.1 21.9 18.6 14.8 25.6 20.1 18.2 19.8 : : : : : 18.1 15.02003 20.1 22.3 25.0 18.6 23.0 18.9 16.0 25.9 20.4 18.9 20.1 : : : : : 18.2 15.22004 19.4 21.0 24.9 18.6 22.1 18.3 14.7 25.2 20.2 19.5 20.1 : : : : : 18.1 15.22005 18.2 20.7 24.5 18.5 22.2 18.3 16.2 25.1 20.3 19.7 20.2 : : : : : 18.1 15.12006 18.1 20.2 24.2 18.4 22.0 18.5 15.9 24.8 20.1 19.8 20.1 : : : : : 18.0 15.02007 16.7 19.4 24.3 19.1 20.8 18.1 15.4 24.3 19.8 19.7 19.8 : : : : : 17.9 15.22008 17.2 19.4 25.1 18.6 21.4 18.6 15.9 24.7 20.3 20.5 20.3 : : : : : 18.4 16.02009 16.7 21.0 27.9 20.5 22.1 18.7 16.1 26.1 21.9 22.1 21.9 : : : : 15.8 19.6 16.82010 16.6 20.8 27.4 20.5 21.6 19.1 15.5 25.1 21.6 21.7 21.6 : : : : 15.0 19.5 16.7

2011 15.9 20.2 26.6 20.6 20.7 18.1 14.3 25.0 21.2 21.0 21.2 : : : : 13.7 20.2 16.22012 15.9 19.8 26.5 20.6 20.1 17.9 14.5 25.8 21.2 20.8 21.2 : : : : 14.2 20.3 15.52013 17.2 20.2 26.0 20.3 19.8 18.1 14.3 26.3 21.3 20.1 21.1 : : : : 14.1 20.2 15.12014 16.9 19.7 25.8 20.7 20.1 18.2 14.5 26.2 21.2 19.8 21.0 : : : : 14.1 20.2 14.62015 16.1 19.2 25.5 20.1 19.8 18.0 14.0 25.8 20.8 19.5 20.6 : : : : 13.9 19.8 14.42016 15.6 19.3 25.0 19.6 20.1 17.9 15.1 26.4 20.8 19.1 20.5 : : : : 14.8 19.9 14.32017 15.6 19.2 24.6 19.5 20.3 17.7 15.7 26.1 20.6 18.7 20.3 : : : : 14.5 19.7 14.12018 16.5 19.9 24.6 19.5 19.7 17.8 16.9 26.0 20.5 18.5 20.2 : : : : 14.8 19.7 14.12019 16.8 20.4 24.4 19.8 19.0 17.9 17.5 25.9 20.6 18.8 20.3 : : 15.0 : 15.4 19.9 2020 16.8 20.4 24.4 20.1 18.7 18.3 17.6 25.9 20.7 19.2 20.4 : : 14.9 : 15.1 20.1

2021 16.6 20.5 24.3 19.9 18.5 18.5 17.6 25.8 20.6 19.2 20.4 : : 14.6 : 14.8 20.0


128


60. Collective consumption expenditureESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.8 :

1980 : : : : : : 8.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 6.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 9.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 7.1 :

1990 : 8.5 7.3

1991 : 8.1 : : : : 8.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 : 1992 : 8.2 : : : : 8.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.7 : 1993 : 8.4 : : : : 9.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.6 : 1994 : 8.1 : : : : 9.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.4 : 1995 8.6 7.9 10.4 6.6 8.1 7.8 8.9 7.8 7.3 12.0 13.8 6.0 9.0 9.3 8.2 7.6 6.8 19.5 8.1 8.31996 8.5 7.9 9.6 6.3 8.1 7.7 9.2 7.8 7.5 11.6 13.5 5.9 9.7 8.8 8.2 7.5 6.9 15.4 8.2 8.31997 8.3 7.8 9.2 6.1 8.0 7.5 9.3 7.7 8.4 11.2 12.6 6.2 8.8 8.6 7.9 7.2 7.0 11.5 8.1 8.11998 8.1 7.6 9.3 5.8 7.8 7.4 8.7 7.6 9.3 12.5 13.1 5.8 9.0 8.4 7.7 7.4 7.0 11.5 7.5 7.91999 8.2 7.7 10.0 5.3 8.0 7.3 8.7 7.6 9.0 12.3 10.0 5.5 8.9 8.2 7.9 7.3 7.2 11.8 7.5 7.92000 8.1 7.7 9.0 5.3 9.3 7.3 8.5 7.6 8.4 10.9 11.5 5.5 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.9 7.5 12.0 7.1 7.9

2001 8.4 7.5 8.5 5.4 9.6 7.3 8.3 7.9 9.1 10.9 10.4 5.7 10.6 8.2 7.4 7.9 7.5 12.2 7.6 7.82002 8.8 7.7 8.3 5.4 10.0 7.2 8.3 7.9 9.3 10.3 9.7 6.0 10.1 8.5 7.1 8.0 7.4 11.7 7.8 7.92003 8.7 7.6 8.3 5.4 9.4 7.3 8.3 8.2 10.1 11.1 9.3 6.1 10.2 8.7 7.1 8.2 7.6 12.7 7.8 8.02004 8.5 7.5 7.8 5.3 9.9 7.3 8.3 8.3 9.4 10.1 9.1 6.1 10.0 8.3 7.2 8.4 7.5 11.5 7.7 7.92005 8.5 7.3 7.6 5.0 9.9 7.2 8.3 8.4 9.4 9.4 8.4 6.2 9.4 8.1 7.8 8.8 7.6 11.2 7.8 7.92006 8.4 7.0 7.0 5.2 10.4 7.3 8.1 8.2 9.6 9.2 9.0 5.6 9.3 7.8 7.7 8.7 7.6 11.3 7.7 7.72007 8.2 6.7 7.2 5.5 10.5 7.5 7.9 8.0 9.3 10.2 8.0 5.3 9.2 7.9 7.2 8.7 7.1 9.4 7.5 7.62008 8.5 6.9 8.2 6.1 10.4 8.0 8.0 8.3 9.7 11.1 8.3 5.6 9.9 8.0 7.5 8.7 7.5 9.3 7.8 7.82009 9.0 7.5 9.0 6.6 12.3 8.6 8.5 8.7 10.7 10.1 8.7 6.0 9.6 8.7 8.2 9.4 8.2 10.8 8.7 8.42010 8.8 7.2 8.8 6.0 11.2 8.8 8.4 8.7 10.4 9.9 8.5 5.9 9.1 8.5 8.1 9.2 8.2 10.2 8.4 8.3

2011 8.8 7.0 8.3 6.2 10.9 8.9 8.4 8.5 10.8 10.0 7.7 5.8 9.1 8.2 7.7 9.2 8.3 9.9 8.1 8.12012 8.9 7.2 8.3 5.9 11.4 8.7 8.5 8.5 10.5 9.6 7.6 6.9 9.3 8.3 7.7 8.4 8.2 9.2 8.3 8.12013 8.8 7.2 8.6 5.5 11.0 8.7 8.5 8.5 9.2 9.6 7.2 6.8 8.6 8.3 7.6 8.8 8.0 9.1 8.6 8.12014 8.8 7.1 8.7 5.2 11.6 8.6 8.4 8.2 8.6 9.6 7.3 6.4 8.3 8.3 7.5 8.7 7.7 9.6 8.6 8.02015 8.4 7.0 9.0 4.0 11.6 8.4 8.2 8.0 8.4 9.7 7.5 6.5 7.4 8.1 7.4 8.3 7.6 9.8 8.5 7.82016 8.1 7.0 9.1 4.0 11.3 8.0 8.2 8.1 7.8 9.6 7.3 6.3 5.8 8.1 7.3 8.1 7.8 10.1 8.0 7.72017 8.0 7.1 8.9 3.9 11.3 7.7 8.2 8.0 7.3 9.6 6.9 6.5 4.9 7.9 7.2 7.9 7.4 10.2 7.7 7.62018 8.0 7.1 8.4 3.9 10.6 7.7 8.1 8.1 7.7 9.3 6.9 6.6 5.1 7.9 7.1 7.6 7.3 9.9 7.6 7.62019 8.0 7.2 8.4 3.7 11.1 7.7 8.0 8.1 7.3 9.4 7.2 6.6 5.9 7.9 7.0 7.5 7.4 10.4 7.7 7.62020 8.0 7.3 8.4 3.6 10.8 7.8 7.9 8.1 7.0 9.6 7.2 6.6 5.7 7.9 7.0 7.6 7.3 10.7 7.9 7.6

2021 8.0 7.3 8.4 3.5 10.6 7.8 7.9 8.0 6.8 9.8 6.9 6.6 5.5 7.8 6.9 7.8 7.2 10.8 7.8 7.6

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

129


60. Collective consumption expenditureESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.1

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.2 10.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : 7.2 : : : : : : 5.9 10.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : 7.3 : : : : : : 6.0 10.21992 : : : : : : : : : 7.4 : : : : : : 6.1 10.01993 : : : : : : : 8.8 : 7.2 : : : : : : 6.3 9.61994 : : : : : : : 8.4 : 7.0 : : : : : : 7.0 9.21995 7.2 10.2 7.6 : 10.9 11.0 6.4 8.0 : 7.8 : : : : : : 7.1 8.91996 6.3 9.6 7.7 : 10.2 10.6 5.4 7.9 : 7.6 : : : : : : 7.0 8.61997 5.5 10.5 7.7 : 10.2 10.3 5.7 7.9 : 7.3 : : : : : : 7.2 8.41998 9.0 9.6 7.8 : 9.9 10.0 5.2 7.9 : 7.2 : : : : : : 7.4 8.11999 9.7 10.6 7.9 : 10.3 8.4 8.3 7.9 : 7.3 : : : : : : 7.6 8.12000 11.0 10.3 7.7 : 10.3 8.3 9.4 7.7 : 7.4 : : : : : : 7.6 8.0

2001 9.9 10.2 7.8 9.6 10.3 8.6 8.8 7.1 7.9 7.7 7.9 : : : : : 7.9 8.32002 9.7 10.6 7.8 9.5 10.4 8.5 7.6 7.2 7.9 7.9 7.9 : : : : : 8.3 8.72003 10.1 11.1 7.7 9.0 10.8 8.9 9.1 7.2 8.0 8.1 8.0 : : : : : 8.3 8.92004 10.0 10.2 7.7 9.1 10.2 8.6 8.3 7.0 8.0 8.3 8.0 : : : : : 8.2 9.02005 9.7 10.4 7.6 9.2 10.1 8.5 9.2 6.9 7.9 8.3 8.0 : : : : : 8.1 8.92006 9.7 10.4 7.5 9.7 10.1 8.6 8.8 6.8 7.8 8.2 7.9 : : : : : 8.0 8.92007 9.2 9.8 7.5 10.2 9.8 8.4 8.7 6.6 7.6 8.0 7.7 : : : : : 7.9 9.02008 8.7 9.8 7.8 9.4 10.2 8.8 8.4 6.8 7.9 8.3 7.9 : : : : : 7.9 9.52009 8.6 10.5 8.5 10.2 10.6 8.7 8.1 7.3 8.4 8.7 8.5 : : : : 4.5 8.3 10.12010 8.4 10.3 8.2 10.2 10.5 8.9 7.3 7.0 8.3 8.4 8.3 : : : : 4.6 8.1 10.1

2011 7.9 9.6 7.9 10.3 10.1 8.3 7.4 7.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 : : : : 3.8 8.3 9.72012 8.0 9.2 8.0 10.4 9.8 8.2 7.9 7.4 8.1 8.0 8.1 : : : : 4.5 8.1 9.32013 8.8 9.5 7.7 10.1 10.0 8.3 7.5 7.6 8.1 7.6 8.0 : : : : 4.6 8.1 8.82014 8.3 9.2 7.5 10.3 10.2 8.3 7.9 7.5 8.0 7.3 7.9 : : : : 4.7 8.0 8.52015 8.1 9.0 7.3 10.0 9.8 8.2 7.5 7.2 7.8 7.2 7.7 : : : : 4.8 7.8 8.22016 7.9 9.1 7.1 9.7 10.0 8.1 8.1 7.1 7.7 6.9 7.6 : : : : 5.0 7.8 8.12017 8.0 9.0 7.1 9.6 10.1 8.0 8.6 7.0 7.7 6.7 7.5 : : : : 5.2 7.6 8.02018 8.3 9.3 7.1 9.5 9.8 8.0 9.5 7.0 7.7 6.6 7.5 : : : : 7.6 7.7 8.02019 8.6 9.3 7.1 9.6 9.5 8.3 9.8 7.0 7.7 6.4 7.5 : : 7.5 : 7.4 7.8 2020 8.6 9.2 7.0 9.8 9.3 8.6 9.9 7.0 7.7 6.4 7.5 : : 7.3 : 7.0 7.9

2021 8.5 9.1 7.0 9.8 9.1 8.8 9.9 7.0 7.7 6.3 7.5 : : 6.9 : 6.6 7.9


130


61. Social transfers in kindESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.1 :

1980 : : : : : : 12.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 13.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 12.6 :

1990 : 12.7 13.6

1991 : 10.6 : : : : 13.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.4 : 1992 : 11.0 : : : : 13.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.6 : 1993 : 10.9 : : : : 14.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.7 : 1994 : 11.2 : : : : 14.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.0 : 1995 12.7 11.5 14.2 10.6 9.7 9.8 14.2 9.6 5.2 11.6 10.2 9.9 9.0 13.1 11.4 9.8 11.0 4.2 13.8 11.71996 13.3 11.8 13.1 10.3 9.5 9.8 14.3 9.8 5.7 10.5 10.5 10.1 9.4 12.6 11.4 10.1 10.8 9.9 13.9 11.81997 12.8 11.6 11.2 10.0 9.7 9.5 14.1 10.0 6.4 9.8 11.5 10.0 9.6 12.4 11.7 10.4 10.7 11.5 13.2 11.71998 13.0 11.5 11.4 9.7 9.7 9.5 13.9 9.9 6.8 10.2 12.8 10.1 9.3 12.5 11.8 10.4 10.7 11.7 13.1 11.61999 13.1 11.5 12.2 9.6 9.9 9.5 13.9 10.0 7.0 10.3 13.6 9.9 8.9 12.4 11.9 10.7 10.6 9.3 12.8 11.62000 12.9 11.4 10.8 9.3 9.0 9.4 13.8 10.2 6.7 10.0 10.9 9.4 9.1 12.5 11.7 11.0 11.0 8.7 12.6 11.5

2001 12.9 11.4 10.3 9.9 9.1 9.2 13.8 10.5 6.8 9.8 10.7 10.0 8.4 12.8 11.6 11.3 11.3 8.7 12.3 11.62002 13.4 11.6 10.0 10.4 9.3 9.4 14.4 10.7 7.3 10.4 10.8 10.2 8.7 13.7 11.8 11.5 11.2 8.6 12.8 11.92003 13.8 11.7 9.7 10.7 9.6 9.5 14.8 10.7 7.9 10.0 10.3 10.7 8.6 14.2 11.9 11.9 11.2 8.1 13.3 12.12004 13.7 11.3 9.7 10.8 9.2 9.9 14.7 10.8 7.2 9.8 10.1 10.9 9.2 14.2 11.7 12.0 11.3 7.3 13.5 12.02005 13.6 11.5 9.4 11.0 10.1 10.1 14.8 11.2 7.1 8.5 10.1 11.0 8.7 14.1 11.5 12.2 11.3 7.3 13.7 12.22006 13.5 11.3 8.9 11.0 9.8 10.0 14.6 11.2 7.3 8.0 10.1 10.3 9.4 15.3 11.6 11.6 11.1 7.5 13.6 12.22007 13.4 11.2 8.9 11.3 10.0 10.2 14.5 11.0 7.1 7.4 9.4 9.9 8.7 15.4 11.5 11.0 10.3 7.8 13.2 12.02008 14.1 11.4 10.4 12.7 10.4 10.8 14.6 11.3 7.3 8.6 10.3 10.1 9.8 15.5 11.8 11.0 10.6 8.2 13.8 12.42009 15.2 12.5 12.1 13.6 11.0 12.1 15.5 11.9 8.1 9.0 12.6 11.4 10.2 17.3 12.5 11.9 11.9 9.2 15.4 13.42010 14.9 12.3 11.3 12.7 10.9 11.9 15.6 11.8 8.1 8.5 11.4 11.1 10.4 17.7 12.4 11.4 12.3 9.0 15.2 13.3

2011 15.3 12.1 10.5 12.1 10.8 11.8 15.4 11.3 8.3 8.2 10.7 10.8 10.6 17.6 12.1 10.5 12.2 8.4 15.3 13.02012 15.4 12.1 10.2 11.8 10.4 11.3 15.5 11.3 8.3 7.8 9.9 10.4 10.9 17.8 12.2 9.9 12.2 8.5 15.8 13.02013 15.5 12.4 10.4 11.4 9.5 11.2 15.6 11.3 9.2 8.0 9.5 10.5 10.7 17.4 12.3 10.0 11.7 8.9 15.9 13.12014 15.5 12.5 10.4 10.8 8.9 11.1 15.7 11.3 8.3 7.9 9.3 10.3 10.5 17.4 12.3 9.7 11.2 8.8 15.9 13.12015 15.2 12.6 10.9 8.3 8.8 11.1 15.6 11.1 8.0 8.4 9.8 10.0 10.1 16.9 12.4 9.5 11.2 8.8 15.9 13.02016 15.1 12.8 11.2 8.3 8.9 11.0 15.5 11.0 7.5 8.5 9.7 9.6 10.3 16.5 12.4 9.5 11.3 8.8 15.6 13.02017 15.1 12.8 11.0 8.2 8.9 10.9 15.5 10.9 7.7 8.5 9.4 10.0 10.5 16.4 12.3 9.3 11.1 8.7 15.1 12.92018 15.1 12.8 11.2 8.1 8.6 10.9 15.3 11.0 7.2 8.5 9.6 10.1 11.2 16.3 12.2 9.4 11.0 8.7 15.0 12.82019 15.2 13.0 11.2 8.5 8.5 11.0 15.1 11.0 9.0 8.4 9.5 10.6 11.9 16.6 12.3 9.7 11.2 8.8 15.3 12.92020 15.3 13.1 11.2 8.6 8.4 11.0 15.0 11.0 11.2 8.2 9.5 10.8 12.1 16.8 12.3 9.8 11.2 8.9 15.5 13.0

2021 15.3 13.2 11.2 8.6 8.2 11.1 14.8 10.9 11.8 8.1 9.7 10.9 12.3 16.9 12.4 9.8 11.3 9.0 15.8 13.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

131


61. Social transfers in kindESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.7

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.5

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.9

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 5.6

1990 : : : : : : : : : 9.5 : : : : : : 7.1 5.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : 10.0 : : : : : : 7.1 6.11992 : : : : : : : : : 10.5 : : : : : : 7.4 6.11993 : : : : : : : 18.8 : 10.1 : : : : : : 7.7 6.11994 : : : : : : : 18.2 : 10.0 : : : : : : 8.1 6.01995 8.0 10.2 16.4 : 12.0 7.8 5.8 17.6 : 9.2 : : : : : : 8.3 6.01996 7.4 10.1 16.4 : 11.4 7.9 6.3 18.1 : 9.0 : : : : : : 8.4 5.91997 6.6 9.9 15.9 : 11.1 7.8 7.0 17.6 : 8.9 : : : : : : 8.4 5.81998 9.2 9.7 16.3 : 11.0 7.7 6.6 17.7 : 9.0 : : : : : : 8.6 5.91999 9.8 9.7 16.4 : 11.0 9.4 8.5 17.7 : 9.3 : : : : : : 8.9 5.92000 8.8 9.6 16.1 : 10.9 9.8 7.5 17.0 : 9.4 : : : : : : 9.3 6.0

2001 9.4 9.6 16.5 9.5 10.8 10.1 7.0 17.7 11.8 9.7 11.4 : : : : : 9.6 6.32002 9.5 10.7 17.1 9.6 11.4 10.1 7.2 18.4 12.2 10.3 11.8 : : : : : 9.9 6.42003 10.0 11.1 17.3 9.6 12.2 10.0 6.9 18.7 12.4 10.8 12.1 : : : : : 9.9 6.32004 9.3 10.8 17.3 9.6 11.9 9.7 6.4 18.2 12.2 11.2 12.1 : : : : : 9.9 6.22005 8.4 10.2 16.9 9.3 12.0 9.8 7.0 18.1 12.4 11.4 12.2 : : : : : 10.0 6.22006 8.5 9.9 16.7 8.7 11.9 9.9 7.1 18.0 12.3 11.7 12.2 : : : : : 10.0 6.12007 7.5 9.6 16.8 8.9 11.0 9.7 6.7 17.7 12.1 11.7 12.1 : : : : : 10.1 6.22008 8.5 9.6 17.3 9.3 11.2 9.8 7.5 17.9 12.4 12.2 12.4 : : : : : 10.4 6.52009 8.1 10.5 19.4 10.2 11.4 10.1 8.0 18.8 13.4 13.4 13.4 : : : : 11.3 11.3 6.82010 8.2 10.5 19.1 10.3 11.0 10.2 8.2 18.0 13.3 13.2 13.3 : : : : 10.4 11.4 6.6

2011 8.0 10.6 18.6 10.3 10.6 9.8 6.9 17.9 13.1 12.9 13.1 : : : : 9.9 11.9 6.42012 7.9 10.6 18.5 10.1 10.3 9.8 6.7 18.4 13.1 12.8 13.0 : : : : 9.8 12.1 6.22013 8.3 10.7 18.3 10.2 9.8 9.9 6.7 18.7 13.2 12.6 13.1 : : : : 9.6 12.1 6.32014 8.6 10.5 18.3 10.4 9.8 9.9 6.6 18.7 13.2 12.5 13.1 : : : : 9.4 12.1 6.22015 8.0 10.2 18.1 10.1 10.0 9.9 6.5 18.6 13.0 12.4 12.9 : : : : 9.0 12.0 6.12016 7.8 10.2 17.8 9.9 10.2 9.8 7.0 19.3 13.0 12.2 12.9 : : : : 9.8 12.1 6.22017 7.6 10.2 17.5 10.0 10.2 9.7 7.1 19.0 12.9 12.0 12.8 : : : : 9.3 12.0 6.12018 8.1 10.6 17.4 9.9 9.9 9.8 7.4 19.0 12.9 11.9 12.7 : : : : 7.2 12.1 6.12019 8.2 11.1 17.3 10.2 9.6 9.7 7.7 18.9 12.9 12.4 12.8 : : 7.5 : 8.0 12.1 2020 8.3 11.2 17.4 10.3 9.4 9.7 7.7 18.9 12.9 12.8 12.9 : : 7.6 : 8.1 12.1

2021 8.1 11.4 17.3 10.1 9.4 9.6 7.7 18.8 12.9 12.8 12.9 : : 7.7 : 8.2 12.1


132


62. Compensation of employees; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 12.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 12.4 :

1985 : : : : : : 13.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.2 :

1990 : 12.0 14.5

1991 : 8.7 : : : : 12.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.8 : 1992 : 8.9 : : : : 12.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.3 : 1993 : 9.0 : : : : 13.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.1 : 1994 : 8.8 : : : : 13.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.3 : 1995 11.6 8.8 11.4 10.6 10.2 10.9 13.2 10.5 11.7 10.3 9.6 9.7 14.4 9.5 12.1 12.5 11.2 9.5 14.8 10.71996 11.6 8.8 11.1 10.2 9.6 10.9 13.4 10.8 12.3 10.4 10.5 9.5 14.9 9.1 11.9 12.6 11.1 9.5 15.0 10.81997 11.5 8.7 10.3 9.7 10.3 10.6 13.3 11.0 12.8 10.1 11.1 9.7 14.0 8.9 11.6 12.7 11.1 9.3 14.2 10.71998 11.4 8.5 10.3 8.9 10.2 10.4 13.1 10.2 12.5 10.2 12.6 9.5 14.0 8.7 11.4 13.0 10.8 9.5 13.5 10.41999 11.5 8.5 11.7 8.5 10.3 10.2 13.1 10.1 12.5 10.9 13.3 8.7 13.4 8.7 11.5 13.3 10.8 9.5 13.1 10.42000 11.2 8.4 10.8 8.2 10.5 10.0 12.9 10.0 12.5 10.7 12.0 8.4 12.7 8.5 11.2 13.7 11.2 8.9 12.7 10.2

2001 11.4 8.2 10.2 8.6 10.4 9.8 12.9 10.2 12.2 10.2 11.6 8.8 14.3 8.5 11.0 13.9 11.6 9.0 12.6 10.22002 11.8 8.3 10.2 8.8 10.9 9.7 13.0 10.3 12.6 10.2 11.3 8.9 13.9 8.8 10.9 14.1 11.5 9.2 12.9 10.32003 12.0 8.3 10.2 9.2 10.6 9.8 13.1 10.5 14.1 10.2 10.7 9.1 13.8 9.0 10.9 14.3 11.6 8.9 13.2 10.42004 11.7 8.1 10.1 9.3 11.3 9.8 12.9 10.4 13.6 10.1 10.8 9.1 13.7 8.9 10.8 14.3 11.5 8.0 13.2 10.32005 11.8 8.1 9.8 9.7 11.4 9.8 12.8 10.6 13.5 9.5 10.3 9.0 13.1 8.7 11.0 14.5 11.5 8.0 13.3 10.32006 11.7 7.8 9.2 9.8 11.0 9.8 12.6 10.7 13.5 9.4 10.4 8.4 12.8 8.4 10.8 13.8 11.2 7.9 13.0 10.22007 11.5 7.5 9.4 10.1 11.1 10.0 12.4 10.3 13.2 9.9 9.8 8.1 12.4 8.2 10.5 13.1 10.5 7.3 12.5 9.92008 11.9 7.5 11.0 11.3 11.6 10.6 12.4 10.5 13.2 11.4 10.6 8.3 13.8 8.3 10.6 13.1 11.0 7.5 12.8 10.12009 12.7 8.2 12.5 12.2 13.1 11.7 13.1 11.0 14.6 11.9 12.7 9.2 13.7 9.1 11.3 14.0 12.3 8.6 14.2 10.92010 12.5 8.0 11.5 11.5 12.4 11.6 13.0 10.8 14.2 10.3 11.0 8.9 13.0 9.1 11.2 13.7 12.5 8.5 14.0 10.7

2011 12.5 7.8 10.6 11.3 12.6 11.5 12.8 10.4 14.6 9.5 10.3 8.8 12.9 8.9 10.8 12.8 12.6 8.3 13.9 10.52012 12.7 7.8 10.2 10.8 12.8 11.0 12.9 10.3 14.6 9.1 9.7 9.1 12.9 8.9 10.7 11.7 12.5 8.2 14.2 10.42013 12.9 7.8 10.6 10.3 12.1 11.2 12.9 10.3 14.4 9.4 9.6 9.0 12.8 8.8 10.7 12.5 11.9 8.6 14.3 10.42014 12.9 7.8 10.8 9.4 12.2 11.1 13.0 10.2 13.4 9.6 9.5 8.7 12.3 8.7 10.6 11.8 11.3 8.9 14.1 10.32015 12.6 7.7 11.3 7.2 12.1 11.1 12.8 9.9 12.8 9.9 9.7 8.8 11.6 8.5 10.7 11.3 11.1 8.9 13.8 10.12016 12.4 7.7 11.5 7.2 12.1 10.9 12.7 9.8 12.0 10.1 9.8 8.5 11.4 8.5 10.6 11.2 11.4 9.3 13.2 10.02017 12.4 7.7 11.3 7.0 11.9 10.6 12.7 9.6 11.8 10.3 9.5 8.7 11.2 8.4 10.6 10.9 11.2 9.4 12.4 9.92018 12.3 7.8 11.3 6.9 11.8 10.6 12.5 9.8 11.7 10.3 9.8 8.9 11.1 8.3 10.4 10.7 11.1 9.3 12.3 9.92019 12.2 7.9 11.3 6.9 11.6 10.7 12.3 9.8 12.4 10.6 9.7 9.2 11.3 8.4 10.5 10.8 11.4 9.7 12.3 9.92020 12.2 7.9 11.3 6.8 11.5 10.8 12.2 9.8 12.9 10.6 9.9 9.4 11.3 8.5 10.4 10.8 11.4 10.0 12.5 9.9

2021 12.1 7.9 11.3 6.7 11.2 10.8 12.1 9.7 13.2 10.6 9.8 9.4 11.2 8.5 10.4 10.8 11.3 10.1 12.4 9.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

133


62. Compensation of employees; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.1

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.9

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.4 10.2

1990 : : : : : : : : : 9.7 : : : : : : 5.8 10.5

1991 : : : : : : : : : 10.1 : : : : : : 5.7 10.81992 : : : : : : : : : 10.4 : : : : : : 5.8 10.91993 : : : : : : : 15.2 : 10.0 : : : : : : 5.9 10.71994 : : : : : : : 14.4 : 9.4 : : : : : : : 10.41995 6.8 8.5 16.1 : 11.6 11.2 6.7 13.5 : 9.2 : : : : : : : 10.21996 6.1 8.4 16.0 : 10.7 11.1 6.4 13.9 : 9.1 : : : : : : : 9.91997 6.5 8.1 15.8 : 10.4 11.2 5.4 13.6 : 8.9 : : : : : : : 9.71998 8.6 7.6 16.0 : 10.5 10.7 5.9 12.6 : 8.7 : : : : : : : 9.61999 10.1 8.0 16.1 : 10.7 10.9 8.1 12.6 : 8.7 : : : : : : : 9.52000 10.0 7.8 15.5 : 10.6 10.9 7.9 12.4 : 8.7 : : : : : : : 9.5

2001 8.6 8.1 15.7 12.0 11.0 11.7 8.3 12.6 10.4 9.1 10.2 : : : : : : 9.82002 9.3 8.6 16.0 12.0 12.0 11.7 8.5 12.8 10.6 9.4 10.3 : : : : : : 10.22003 10.0 9.1 16.3 11.7 13.0 11.6 8.4 13.1 10.7 9.7 10.5 : : : : : : 10.32004 9.8 8.7 16.1 11.8 12.4 10.9 8.2 12.9 10.5 10.1 10.5 : : : : : : 10.22005 9.2 8.7 15.7 11.3 12.3 10.9 8.8 12.8 10.5 10.3 10.5 : : : : : 6.0 10.02006 8.5 8.6 15.4 11.0 11.9 10.7 9.3 12.6 10.4 10.3 10.4 : : : : : 6.0 9.92007 8.5 8.3 15.3 11.4 11.4 10.5 9.5 12.4 10.1 10.1 10.1 : : : : : 5.9 9.92008 8.8 8.3 15.6 11.2 11.3 10.8 10.0 12.5 10.3 10.1 10.3 : : : : : 6.0 10.32009 9.4 9.0 17.5 12.3 11.2 11.0 10.3 12.8 11.1 10.7 11.0 : : : : 8.3 6.2 10.82010 9.1 8.9 17.3 12.2 10.8 11.0 9.6 12.2 10.9 10.7 10.9 : : : : 8.3 5.9 10.7

2011 8.6 8.7 16.8 12.1 10.1 10.5 7.9 12.1 10.6 10.3 10.6 : : : : 7.9 6.0 10.42012 8.6 8.9 16.6 12.1 9.9 10.3 7.8 12.6 10.6 10.0 10.5 : : : : 8.3 5.9 10.02013 9.5 8.9 16.4 11.7 10.1 10.4 8.1 12.7 10.6 9.4 10.4 : : : : 7.9 5.7 9.92014 9.5 8.8 16.2 11.5 10.3 10.5 7.9 12.7 10.5 9.2 10.3 : : : : 8.0 5.7 9.72015 9.3 8.7 16.0 11.5 10.4 10.4 7.8 12.4 10.3 9.0 10.1 : : : : 7.8 5.5 9.72016 8.9 8.8 15.6 11.4 10.8 10.4 9.0 12.6 10.2 9.0 10.0 : : : : 8.3 5.5 9.62017 9.2 9.1 15.3 11.4 10.9 10.2 9.8 12.6 10.1 8.9 10.0 : : : : 7.6 5.4 9.52018 9.5 9.8 15.3 11.6 10.5 10.2 11.0 12.7 10.1 8.9 9.9 : : : : 7.8 : 9.32019 9.7 10.2 15.1 11.7 10.1 10.2 11.4 12.6 10.1 8.9 10.0 : : 4.0 : 8.3 : 9.32020 10.0 10.4 15.1 12.0 10.0 10.5 11.5 12.6 10.2 9.0 10.0 : : 4.0 : 8.2 : 9.2

2021 10.0 10.6 15.0 11.9 9.9 10.6 11.5 12.5 10.1 9.0 9.9 : : 3.9 : 8.1 : 9.2


134


63. Intermediate consumption; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 :

1980 : : : : : : 5.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 5.9 :

1985 : : : : : : 5.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 6.6 :

1990 : 4.9 7.1

1991 : 4.1 : : : : 5.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 : 1992 : 4.2 : : : : 5.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.4 : 1993 : 4.2 : : : : 5.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.3 : 1994 : 4.0 : : : : 5.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 : 1995 3.6 3.9 10.5 5.7 5.3 4.2 5.1 4.5 1.3 7.7 9.1 3.5 5.0 6.4 6.0 4.3 6.2 7.9 8.1 4.61996 3.7 3.9 9.5 5.4 5.5 4.1 5.4 4.5 1.2 7.0 8.6 3.5 5.0 6.2 6.1 4.4 6.2 8.8 8.2 4.71997 3.7 3.8 9.0 5.3 5.0 4.1 5.4 4.5 2.5 7.0 9.6 3.4 4.9 6.0 5.5 4.3 5.9 7.6 8.2 4.61998 3.7 3.7 8.7 5.3 5.2 4.0 4.8 4.6 4.2 7.4 9.3 3.3 4.5 5.9 5.6 4.2 6.1 7.1 7.6 4.51999 3.7 3.9 8.7 5.2 5.5 3.9 4.8 4.7 4.2 7.4 7.0 3.2 4.4 5.8 5.7 4.4 6.2 5.6 7.6 4.62000 3.7 3.8 7.8 5.1 5.3 4.0 4.8 4.8 3.3 6.8 7.3 3.4 4.9 5.8 5.4 4.7 6.5 6.1 7.5 4.6

2001 3.8 3.9 7.4 5.2 6.0 4.0 4.6 5.1 4.4 7.5 6.0 3.4 4.5 6.0 5.5 4.6 6.3 6.1 7.7 4.62002 4.2 4.0 7.2 5.3 5.7 4.2 4.8 5.0 4.8 7.7 6.3 3.7 4.6 6.2 5.5 4.6 6.4 5.5 8.2 4.82003 4.2 4.0 7.3 5.2 5.9 4.3 4.8 5.1 4.7 8.1 5.9 3.8 4.8 6.5 5.6 4.7 6.1 5.6 8.4 4.82004 4.1 4.0 6.6 5.2 6.4 4.5 4.9 5.2 3.7 8.2 5.6 3.7 5.3 6.4 5.6 4.9 6.0 5.2 8.5 4.82005 4.0 4.1 6.5 4.6 5.9 4.7 4.9 5.3 3.8 6.6 5.6 3.8 4.8 6.4 6.4 5.1 6.0 5.2 8.6 4.92006 4.0 4.1 6.1 4.7 6.3 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.2 6.2 5.8 3.4 5.5 6.2 6.4 5.1 6.0 5.9 8.7 4.92007 3.7 4.1 5.7 4.9 6.7 5.1 4.7 5.0 4.2 5.5 5.1 3.2 5.3 6.4 6.0 5.4 5.6 5.2 8.7 4.92008 3.9 4.3 6.4 5.3 6.2 5.3 4.7 5.3 4.2 6.3 5.6 3.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 5.5 6.1 4.9 9.2 5.12009 4.3 4.8 6.8 5.9 6.7 5.7 5.1 5.6 4.8 6.2 5.7 4.0 5.9 6.9 6.8 6.2 6.6 6.1 10.3 5.52010 4.2 4.9 6.7 5.5 6.0 5.7 5.1 5.6 4.4 6.7 6.4 3.8 6.1 7.0 6.7 5.9 6.8 5.9 10.4 5.5

2011 4.2 4.9 6.4 5.2 4.7 5.8 5.1 5.5 4.4 6.7 5.1 3.6 6.3 6.7 6.5 6.0 7.1 5.8 10.3 5.42012 4.3 4.9 6.5 4.8 5.0 5.7 5.1 5.6 4.1 6.1 5.0 3.9 6.7 6.5 6.5 5.7 6.9 5.7 10.7 5.42013 4.2 5.0 6.5 4.6 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.7 4.0 6.3 4.7 3.7 6.2 6.4 6.5 5.6 6.8 5.7 11.0 5.52014 4.3 5.0 6.5 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.6 3.6 6.1 4.7 3.5 6.1 6.6 6.4 5.7 6.6 5.7 10.9 5.42015 4.1 4.9 6.6 3.5 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.6 3.8 6.2 5.1 3.7 6.1 6.3 6.4 5.6 6.6 5.9 11.0 5.32016 4.1 5.1 6.8 3.5 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.7 3.5 5.8 4.8 3.6 6.1 6.0 6.3 5.5 6.4 5.6 10.8 5.32017 4.0 5.0 6.6 3.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.7 3.6 5.7 4.6 3.6 6.4 5.9 6.2 5.4 6.3 5.7 10.8 5.32018 4.1 5.1 6.4 3.4 4.6 5.1 4.9 5.7 3.8 5.6 4.4 3.6 6.6 5.9 6.2 5.4 6.2 5.5 10.7 5.32019 4.1 5.2 6.3 3.7 5.0 5.1 4.9 5.6 4.0 5.2 4.8 3.7 7.2 5.9 6.2 5.4 6.1 5.4 10.8 5.32020 4.2 5.2 6.2 3.8 4.8 5.1 4.9 5.7 3.9 4.9 4.7 3.8 7.5 6.0 6.2 5.4 6.0 5.3 11.0 5.3

2021 4.2 5.3 6.0 3.8 4.9 5.1 4.9 5.7 3.8 4.7 4.6 3.9 7.5 6.0 6.2 5.4 5.9 5.3 11.0 5.3

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

135


63. Intermediate consumption; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.0

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.6 5.7

1990 : : : : : : : : : 5.2 : : : : : : 2.6 5.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : 5.4 : : : : : : 2.7 5.91992 : : : : : : : : : 5.8 : : : : : : 2.8 5.81993 : : : : : : : 11.3 : 5.7 : : : : : : 2.9 5.81994 : : : : : : : 11.3 : 5.9 : : : : : : : 5.71995 4.8 8.1 7.1 : 7.8 7.0 6.1 9.5 : 6.0 : : : : : : : 5.71996 4.6 7.0 7.2 : 7.1 7.3 5.9 9.1 : 5.8 : : : : : : : 5.61997 6.7 7.3 7.0 : 6.9 6.9 7.9 8.9 : 5.5 : : : : : : : 5.61998 6.3 6.8 7.1 : 6.6 7.0 6.6 9.3 : 5.7 : : : : : : : 5.61999 7.5 7.2 7.5 : 6.8 6.7 9.6 8.8 : 6.1 : : : : : : : 5.72000 8.0 7.1 7.5 : 6.7 6.7 9.5 8.3 : 6.3 : : : : : : : 5.8

2001 7.1 6.9 7.8 6.5 6.5 6.9 7.7 8.4 4.9 6.6 5.2 : : : : : : 6.12002 8.1 7.5 8.0 7.9 6.5 6.9 6.9 8.5 5.1 7.0 5.4 : : : : : : 6.42003 8.1 8.0 7.9 7.3 6.6 6.8 6.9 8.4 5.1 7.2 5.5 : : : : : : 6.52004 7.9 7.4 8.0 6.9 6.4 6.5 5.7 8.1 5.1 7.6 5.6 : : : : : : 6.62005 8.2 7.1 8.1 7.1 6.3 6.2 6.5 8.1 5.2 7.8 5.7 : : : : : 3.7 6.62006 7.1 7.2 8.1 7.2 6.4 6.2 6.1 8.1 5.2 8.1 5.7 : : : : : 3.5 6.72007 7.2 6.9 8.0 7.2 6.3 6.1 6.4 7.9 5.2 8.2 5.7 : : : : : 3.4 6.82008 6.9 6.9 8.6 7.3 7.1 6.3 6.3 8.2 5.3 8.8 5.9 : : : : : 3.4 7.22009 5.8 7.4 9.7 7.4 7.7 6.0 6.0 8.7 5.8 9.7 6.3 : : : : 4.5 3.7 7.62010 5.7 7.3 9.4 7.6 7.7 6.4 5.5 8.4 5.8 9.3 6.3 : : : : 4.8 3.8 7.6

2011 5.5 7.0 9.2 7.8 7.4 5.8 5.8 8.3 5.7 8.9 6.1 : : : : 4.4 3.9 7.32012 5.4 6.4 9.4 7.8 7.4 5.8 6.0 8.5 5.7 8.8 6.2 : : : : 4.9 3.8 6.92013 5.7 6.6 9.2 7.9 7.4 5.8 5.7 8.5 5.7 8.9 6.2 : : : : 5.1 3.9 6.62014 5.5 6.4 9.1 8.3 7.7 5.7 6.0 8.4 5.7 8.8 6.2 : : : : 4.9 3.9 6.32015 5.2 6.2 9.0 8.2 7.9 5.7 5.9 8.1 5.6 8.5 6.1 : : : : 5.1 3.8 6.22016 4.8 6.1 8.9 8.2 7.5 5.6 5.6 8.1 5.6 8.2 6.0 : : : : 5.3 3.8 6.32017 4.8 5.9 8.8 8.0 8.0 5.5 5.2 7.9 5.5 7.9 5.9 : : : : 5.5 3.7 6.32018 4.8 6.1 8.8 8.1 7.5 5.7 5.1 7.9 5.5 7.9 5.9 : : : : 5.6 : 6.42019 4.6 6.1 8.6 8.4 7.3 5.7 5.3 7.9 5.5 8.1 5.9 : : 3.2 : 5.3 : 6.22020 4.6 6.0 8.7 8.5 7.2 5.7 5.3 8.0 5.5 8.5 6.0 : : 3.2 : 5.1 : 6.2

2021 4.6 6.0 8.5 8.4 7.1 5.7 5.3 8.0 5.6 8.5 6.0 : : 3.1 : 4.8 : 6.0

1) EU excluding UK

136


64. Social benefits other than social transfers in kind; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.2 :

1980 : : : : : : 15.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 10.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 17.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.6 :

1990 : 16.2 14.4

1991 : 14.9 : : : : 16.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.9 : 1992 : 15.6 : : : : 17.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 21.7 : 1993 : 16.5 : : : : 17.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.1 : 1994 : 16.8 : : : : 17.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.0 : 1995 15.6 17.2 9.2 10.6 11.0 13.1 17.7 15.6 7.3 11.7 8.2 14.6 11.0 14.1 19.9 10.8 16.5 13.9 21.3 16.31996 15.8 18.0 9.8 10.2 11.0 13.0 17.8 15.8 7.6 12.3 8.6 14.3 11.9 13.6 19.8 11.0 16.3 13.9 20.7 16.51997 15.6 18.0 9.3 10.3 11.0 12.6 17.9 16.3 8.1 12.0 9.6 14.5 12.0 12.6 19.2 10.7 16.7 13.3 19.1 16.41998 15.3 17.8 9.6 9.3 11.4 12.1 17.5 16.0 8.2 12.6 10.8 14.5 12.1 11.7 18.8 10.9 16.7 13.4 17.6 16.01999 15.0 18.0 10.5 8.1 11.7 11.8 17.3 16.2 8.3 14.5 12.2 13.5 12.1 11.1 18.9 10.9 16.7 14.0 17.0 16.02000 14.5 17.5 9.5 7.3 12.3 11.6 16.8 15.8 8.4 12.2 11.5 13.1 11.4 10.4 18.7 11.3 16.9 13.3 15.6 15.5

2001 14.7 17.6 9.1 7.9 12.6 11.4 16.9 15.6 8.6 11.1 11.3 13.8 11.8 10.3 18.6 11.6 16.8 13.4 15.3 15.52002 15.2 18.1 8.8 8.3 12.6 11.5 17.2 15.9 9.5 9.9 10.0 14.5 11.9 10.3 18.8 12.1 16.9 13.5 15.8 15.72003 15.4 18.5 8.8 8.3 13.1 11.5 17.4 16.1 10.4 9.0 9.8 15.5 11.8 10.6 19.0 13.2 16.8 11.9 16.0 15.92004 15.2 18.2 9.1 8.5 12.8 11.5 17.4 16.2 11.0 9.1 9.7 15.2 11.9 10.5 18.7 13.7 16.5 12.6 15.9 15.82005 15.1 18.0 8.8 8.9 13.6 11.4 17.5 16.2 11.6 8.4 9.3 15.2 12.0 10.2 18.3 14.2 16.5 12.7 15.7 15.82006 14.8 17.2 8.6 9.1 14.0 11.3 17.6 16.2 11.0 8.0 9.2 14.2 11.8 9.9 18.0 14.3 16.0 12.2 15.3 15.42007 14.8 16.1 8.3 9.7 14.6 11.4 17.5 16.4 10.4 7.0 9.7 13.4 11.9 9.5 17.4 14.2 15.0 11.9 14.5 15.12008 15.4 15.9 10.3 11.6 16.0 12.3 17.6 16.9 10.8 8.1 11.5 14.5 11.7 9.5 17.6 14.7 15.3 11.6 14.6 15.42009 16.8 17.4 13.7 14.3 17.5 14.4 19.2 18.5 11.9 12.9 16.2 16.6 12.5 10.5 19.0 16.5 17.0 14.1 17.2 17.12010 16.4 16.8 12.6 14.2 17.7 15.1 19.2 18.5 12.7 13.2 14.3 15.9 12.2 10.8 19.2 16.6 17.7 14.3 17.4 17.0

2011 16.5 15.8 11.1 14.0 19.5 15.3 19.2 18.5 13.1 11.2 12.5 15.3 12.2 11.0 18.5 17.2 18.1 13.8 17.1 16.72012 16.9 15.7 10.6 13.9 20.3 16.3 19.5 19.2 13.2 10.3 12.0 16.0 12.4 11.2 18.7 17.8 18.0 13.9 17.9 17.12013 17.4 15.6 10.6 13.1 19.0 16.7 19.9 19.8 13.8 10.4 11.3 15.9 12.1 11.6 19.0 18.6 17.9 14.0 18.8 17.32014 17.2 15.4 10.5 11.8 19.7 16.5 20.0 20.1 14.2 10.2 10.9 15.5 11.3 11.6 19.1 18.0 17.3 14.0 19.5 17.32015 17.0 15.5 11.3 8.8 19.8 15.8 19.8 20.1 13.8 10.5 10.9 15.2 10.2 11.3 18.9 17.6 16.9 13.8 19.6 17.02016 16.9 15.5 11.6 8.4 19.9 15.6 19.8 19.8 13.6 10.6 11.0 14.8 9.9 11.2 18.7 17.2 16.3 13.9 19.4 16.92017 16.9 15.6 11.3 7.8 19.0 15.3 19.6 19.7 13.0 10.4 10.9 15.2 9.4 10.9 18.2 16.6 15.9 13.6 18.9 16.72018 16.9 15.6 11.4 7.2 18.6 15.4 19.5 19.8 12.8 10.3 11.8 15.0 8.9 10.5 17.9 16.4 15.4 13.2 18.4 16.62019 17.1 15.9 11.5 6.9 18.5 15.7 19.4 20.4 13.3 10.3 12.1 15.3 8.6 10.3 17.8 16.5 15.4 13.4 18.2 16.82020 17.3 16.1 11.8 6.8 17.8 15.9 19.4 20.8 15.1 10.6 12.8 15.6 8.6 10.5 18.0 16.5 15.2 13.4 18.2 16.9

2021 17.5 16.1 11.9 6.7 17.3 16.0 19.4 21.0 15.4 10.7 12.8 15.7 8.6 10.5 17.9 16.5 15.1 13.1 18.1 16.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

137


64. Social benefits other than social transfers in kind; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.8

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.8

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.6

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.0 9.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : 10.1 : : : : : : 7.2 9.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : 11.8 : : : : : : 6.8 10.71992 : : : : : : : : : 13.1 : : : : : : 7.1 11.31993 : : : : : : : 18.8 : 13.4 : : : : : : 7.4 11.41994 : : : : : : : 18.4 : 13.1 : : : : : : 7.6 11.31995 7.0 10.8 19.5 : 14.9 16.8 9.2 17.1 : 13.0 : : : : : : 7.9 11.41996 7.4 11.0 18.9 : 13.2 16.8 9.0 16.3 : 12.6 : : : : : : 8.1 11.31997 8.0 11.6 18.0 : 12.4 17.0 9.5 15.7 : 12.3 : : : : : : 8.2 11.01998 8.9 11.6 17.4 : 12.9 16.3 10.7 15.6 : 11.9 : : : : : : 8.7 10.71999 10.9 12.1 16.9 : 13.0 16.7 10.4 15.3 : 11.5 : : : : : : 9.2 10.42000 12.1 12.3 16.3 : 12.6 16.1 9.7 14.7 : 11.3 : : : : : : 9.3 10.3

2001 11.5 12.1 16.4 13.1 12.4 17.1 9.8 14.8 15.4 11.6 14.7 : : : : : 9.6 10.92002 11.6 12.4 16.5 16.1 13.1 17.1 9.3 15.0 15.7 11.6 14.9 : : : : : 10.1 11.52003 11.0 12.3 17.2 13.3 13.7 17.0 8.8 15.5 15.9 11.9 15.2 : : : : : 10.2 11.62004 10.8 11.7 16.9 13.6 13.7 16.0 9.0 15.2 15.7 12.1 15.1 : : : : : 10.3 11.62005 10.2 11.5 16.2 12.5 14.2 15.7 9.1 14.9 15.6 11.9 14.9 : : : : : 10.4 11.52006 9.8 11.6 15.2 13.3 14.6 15.2 8.9 14.4 15.3 11.6 14.6 : : : : : 10.6 11.62007 9.1 11.9 14.8 12.6 15.1 14.2 9.0 13.6 14.9 11.8 14.3 : : : : : 10.8 11.82008 9.6 11.8 14.6 12.2 15.5 14.0 9.9 13.6 15.1 12.4 14.7 : : : : : 11.2 13.22009 11.3 12.9 16.6 13.7 16.0 14.5 12.0 14.7 16.7 14.1 16.4 : : : : 9.3 12.7 14.72010 11.9 13.1 17.1 13.8 15.5 14.6 12.8 13.8 16.7 14.2 16.3 : : : : 8.6 12.8 15.3

2011 11.1 13.1 17.2 14.2 15.3 13.9 11.9 13.2 16.4 14.1 16.0 : : : : 8.9 13.2 15.02012 11.0 13.1 17.3 14.1 15.1 14.0 11.2 13.8 16.7 14.3 16.3 : : : : 8.6 13.2 14.52013 11.9 13.3 17.4 14.1 14.7 14.5 10.7 14.2 16.9 14.0 16.5 : : : : 8.8 13.1 14.32014 12.2 12.9 17.2 14.4 13.7 14.4 10.5 13.7 16.8 13.7 16.3 : : : : 8.3 12.8 14.42015 11.9 12.4 17.0 14.5 12.9 14.3 10.6 13.2 16.6 13.6 16.0 : : : : 8.3 12.5 14.62016 11.6 12.2 16.6 13.6 12.6 15.3 10.6 13.1 16.5 13.2 16.0 : : : : 9.2 12.6 14.62017 11.1 11.8 16.2 13.3 12.0 15.1 10.8 12.8 16.3 12.8 15.7 : : : : 8.6 12.5 14.52018 10.9 11.8 16.0 13.3 11.5 14.9 10.8 12.6 16.1 12.7 15.6 : : : : 8.4 12.6 14.32019 10.8 12.0 15.9 13.3 11.0 15.5 10.8 12.6 16.3 12.6 15.7 : : 17.3 : 8.4 12.6 14.62020 10.9 12.3 15.7 13.3 10.8 15.6 11.7 12.6 16.4 12.5 15.8 : : 17.3 : 8.4 12.6 14.8

2021 10.8 12.4 15.5 13.1 10.6 15.5 13.3 12.6 16.4 12.5 15.8 : : 17.3 : 8.4 12.6 15.1


138


65. Social transfers in kind supplied to households via market producers; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 3.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 :

1985 : : : : : : 4.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 :

1990 : 4.2 1.1

1991 : 6.3 : : : : 4.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : 1992 : 6.7 : : : : 4.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : 1993 : 6.7 : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : 1994 : 7.0 : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : 1995 5.8 7.3 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.1 4.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.6 3.7 0.3 7.0 2.8 1.5 1.7 0.2 1.4 4.81996 6.1 7.5 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.1 4.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 4.0 0.3 6.6 2.7 1.7 1.6 2.4 1.6 4.81997 5.8 7.4 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.0 4.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.2 4.0 0.3 6.7 2.8 1.7 1.7 2.4 1.4 4.71998 5.9 7.3 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.2 4.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 3.8 0.3 6.7 2.9 1.7 1.8 2.4 1.5 4.71999 6.0 7.3 1.7 1.4 2.1 2.3 4.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 4.2 0.3 6.7 3.1 1.8 1.7 2.5 1.6 4.72000 6.0 7.3 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.3 4.8 2.3 0.0 0.0 1.4 3.8 0.3 6.8 3.0 1.8 1.9 2.4 1.6 4.7

2001 6.2 7.4 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3 4.9 2.5 0.0 0.0 1.3 4.3 0.4 7.0 3.0 1.9 2.0 2.5 1.7 4.82002 6.3 7.5 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.4 5.1 2.5 0.0 0.8 1.4 4.4 0.4 7.6 3.1 1.9 2.0 2.8 1.8 4.92003 6.6 7.6 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.3 5.4 2.5 0.1 0.8 1.5 4.6 0.4 7.9 3.2 2.1 2.0 3.3 1.9 5.02004 6.8 7.3 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.5 5.4 2.7 0.0 0.6 1.5 4.9 0.5 7.8 3.3 2.2 2.2 3.0 2.0 5.02005 6.7 7.4 1.3 1.9 2.4 2.5 5.4 2.7 0.1 0.6 1.8 5.0 0.5 7.7 3.2 2.2 2.2 4.3 2.1 5.02006 6.6 7.3 1.3 2.0 2.5 2.6 5.4 2.7 0.1 0.6 1.7 4.6 0.6 9.1 3.3 2.1 2.2 4.3 2.1 5.02007 6.6 7.2 1.3 2.1 2.6 2.4 5.5 2.6 0.1 0.7 1.6 4.4 0.5 9.0 3.4 2.0 2.0 4.4 2.1 5.02008 7.1 7.4 1.6 2.4 2.9 2.6 5.5 2.6 0.1 0.8 1.7 4.5 0.6 9.2 3.5 2.1 2.1 4.6 2.2 5.12009 7.7 8.1 1.9 2.7 3.1 3.0 5.9 2.9 0.1 1.0 2.0 5.0 0.6 10.3 3.7 2.4 2.4 5.1 2.5 5.62010 7.6 8.0 1.8 3.0 3.2 2.9 5.9 2.9 0.1 1.1 1.9 4.9 0.6 10.5 3.7 2.2 2.4 5.1 2.5 5.6

2011 7.8 7.8 1.7 2.9 3.4 2.9 5.9 2.7 0.1 1.1 2.0 4.6 0.6 10.5 3.7 2.0 2.4 4.8 2.6 5.52012 7.8 7.8 1.7 3.0 2.9 2.8 6.0 2.7 0.0 1.1 1.8 4.8 0.5 10.7 3.7 2.0 2.4 4.8 2.6 5.62013 7.8 8.1 1.7 2.8 2.4 2.8 6.0 2.7 0.0 1.1 1.6 5.0 0.5 10.6 3.8 2.0 2.4 4.9 2.7 5.72014 7.8 8.2 1.7 2.6 2.1 2.7 6.1 2.7 0.0 1.1 1.6 4.8 0.5 10.5 3.9 1.9 2.2 5.0 2.7 5.72015 7.7 8.3 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.6 6.1 2.7 0.0 1.2 1.7 4.6 0.6 10.3 3.9 1.9 2.3 5.0 2.8 5.72016 7.7 8.5 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.6 6.1 2.6 0.0 1.4 1.7 4.3 0.6 10.3 3.9 1.8 2.3 5.2 2.8 5.82017 7.7 8.6 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.6 6.1 2.6 0.0 1.4 1.6 4.5 0.6 10.2 3.9 1.8 2.2 5.0 2.8 5.82018 7.7 8.5 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.6 6.0 2.6 0.0 1.4 1.7 4.6 0.7 10.1 3.9 1.8 2.2 5.0 2.8 5.82019 7.9 8.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.6 6.0 2.6 0.8 1.3 1.7 4.5 0.8 10.4 3.9 1.9 2.2 5.2 2.9 5.82020 7.9 8.7 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.6 5.9 2.6 2.4 1.3 1.7 4.4 0.8 10.5 4.0 1.9 2.2 5.4 3.0 5.8

2021 8.0 8.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.6 5.9 2.6 2.6 1.3 1.6 4.4 0.8 10.5 4.0 1.9 2.2 5.4 3.0 5.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

139


65. Social transfers in kind supplied to households via market producers; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.0

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.0

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.8 0.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : 3.7 0.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : 1.2 : : : : : : 3.7 0.01992 : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : : : : : : 3.9 0.01993 : : : : : : : 1.8 : 1.3 : : : : : : 4.1 0.01994 : : : : : : : 1.9 : 1.4 : : : : : : 4.5 0.01995 1.1 2.2 1.3 : 2.4 1.7 0.4 2.0 : 1.4 : : : : : : 4.7 0.01996 1.0 2.7 1.3 : 2.5 1.4 0.4 2.1 : 1.4 : : : : : : 4.8 0.01997 0.1 2.7 1.2 : 2.6 1.2 0.5 1.9 : 1.4 : : : : : : 4.8 0.01998 0.1 2.7 1.3 : 2.7 1.1 0.4 2.1 : 1.4 : : : : : : 4.9 0.01999 2.0 2.8 1.2 : 2.7 1.6 0.3 2.2 : 1.6 : : : : : : 5.1 0.02000 0.4 2.7 1.2 : 2.6 1.9 0.3 2.4 : 1.7 : : : : : : 5.6 0.0

2001 3.0 2.8 1.3 2.1 2.5 1.8 0.1 2.5 4.5 1.8 4.0 : : : : : 5.9 0.02002 1.5 3.1 1.4 1.8 2.6 1.8 0.3 2.7 4.6 2.0 4.1 : : : : : 6.1 0.02003 1.6 3.1 1.4 1.9 2.7 1.9 0.2 2.8 4.7 2.1 4.3 : : : : : 6.2 0.02004 1.3 3.1 1.4 2.1 2.9 2.0 0.9 2.6 4.6 2.2 4.2 : : : : : 6.3 0.02005 1.1 3.0 1.4 2.1 3.2 1.8 0.9 2.6 4.6 2.2 4.2 : : : : : 6.6 0.02006 1.1 2.7 1.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 0.8 2.6 4.7 2.3 4.3 : : : : : 6.5 0.02007 1.2 2.7 1.5 2.0 2.8 1.8 0.8 2.6 4.6 2.2 4.2 : : : : : 6.7 0.02008 1.5 2.7 1.6 1.8 2.7 1.9 0.8 2.7 4.7 2.3 4.3 : : : : : 7.0 0.02009 1.6 3.1 1.7 2.2 2.8 2.0 0.6 3.1 5.2 2.5 4.8 : : : : 4.1 7.7 0.02010 1.6 3.0 1.7 2.1 2.5 1.9 1.1 3.2 5.2 2.5 4.8 : : : : 3.4 7.9 0.0

2011 1.8 3.1 1.6 2.0 2.6 1.8 1.3 3.2 5.1 2.4 4.7 : : : : 2.9 8.4 0.02012 1.9 3.2 1.6 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.0 3.3 5.2 2.4 4.7 : : : : 2.7 8.6 0.02013 2.0 3.3 1.5 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.0 3.5 5.2 2.3 4.8 : : : : 2.6 8.7 0.02014 2.2 3.2 1.5 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.0 3.5 5.3 2.3 4.8 : : : : 2.5 8.7 0.02015 2.0 3.1 1.5 2.5 1.8 1.9 0.9 3.6 5.2 2.4 4.7 : : : : 2.5 8.7 0.02016 2.2 3.1 1.5 2.4 1.8 1.9 0.9 3.9 5.3 2.4 4.9 : : : : 2.6 8.8 0.02017 2.3 3.0 1.4 2.3 1.7 1.9 0.8 3.7 5.3 2.4 4.8 : : : : 2.5 8.8 0.02018 2.1 3.0 1.4 2.2 1.6 1.8 0.9 3.6 5.3 2.4 4.8 : : : : 2.6 : 0.02019 2.3 3.1 1.4 2.2 1.5 1.8 0.9 3.5 5.3 2.4 4.8 : : : : 2.5 : 0.02020 2.2 3.1 1.4 2.1 1.5 1.8 0.9 3.5 5.3 2.4 4.8 : : : : 2.4 : 0.0

2021 2.1 3.1 1.3 2.0 1.5 1.8 0.9 3.4 5.3 2.4 4.8 : : : : 2.3 : 0.0

1) EU excluding UK

140


66. Interest; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.6 :

1980 : : : : : : 1.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.7 :

1990 : 2.7 1.4

1991 : 2.7 : : : : 2.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.8 : 1992 : 3.1 : : : : 3.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.5 : 1993 : 3.2 : : : : 3.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 : 1994 : 3.3 : : : : 3.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.0 : 1995 9.0 3.5 0.5 5.1 10.7 4.9 3.4 11.1 1.9 0.8 0.3 0.6 1.8 5.1 4.0 5.5 2.1 2.4 3.8 5.31996 8.6 3.5 0.6 4.4 10.3 5.0 3.6 11.0 2.3 1.3 0.8 0.6 2.0 4.7 3.9 4.8 2.0 2.5 4.1 5.41997 7.8 3.4 0.4 3.7 8.3 4.5 3.5 9.1 2.3 0.9 0.7 0.5 2.4 4.4 3.6 3.8 2.3 2.4 4.1 4.91998 7.5 3.4 0.6 3.3 7.7 4.1 3.4 7.8 2.9 0.6 1.1 0.5 2.9 4.2 3.6 3.1 2.1 2.5 3.4 4.51999 6.9 3.1 0.4 2.4 7.6 3.4 3.0 6.4 2.9 0.6 1.5 0.4 3.8 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.3 3.4 2.9 4.02000 6.7 3.2 0.3 1.9 6.9 3.2 2.9 6.1 3.2 0.9 1.7 0.4 4.1 3.3 3.6 3.0 2.4 4.0 2.7 3.8

2001 6.6 3.0 0.2 1.4 6.3 3.0 3.0 6.1 3.2 0.9 1.5 0.4 3.7 2.9 3.6 3.0 2.3 4.0 2.6 3.72002 5.8 3.0 0.3 1.3 5.6 2.6 3.0 5.4 3.0 0.7 1.3 0.3 3.9 2.6 3.4 2.8 2.2 3.6 2.0 3.52003 5.4 2.9 0.2 1.2 4.9 2.3 2.8 5.0 3.2 0.7 1.2 0.3 3.5 2.4 3.2 2.7 1.9 2.5 1.8 3.22004 4.9 2.8 0.2 1.1 4.8 2.0 2.8 4.6 3.0 0.7 0.9 0.2 3.7 2.3 3.0 2.6 1.7 2.2 1.7 3.02005 4.4 2.8 0.2 1.0 4.7 1.7 2.7 4.5 3.2 0.5 0.8 0.2 3.8 2.2 3.2 2.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.92006 4.1 2.7 0.2 1.0 4.4 1.6 2.6 4.4 3.0 0.4 0.7 0.2 3.7 2.0 3.1 2.8 1.4 1.5 1.5 2.82007 4.0 2.7 0.2 1.0 4.5 1.6 2.7 4.7 2.8 0.4 0.7 0.3 3.5 2.0 3.1 3.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 2.92008 4.0 2.7 0.2 1.3 4.8 1.6 2.9 4.9 2.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 3.3 2.0 2.9 3.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 3.02009 3.9 2.6 0.2 2.0 5.0 1.7 2.5 4.4 2.3 1.5 1.2 0.4 3.3 2.0 3.1 3.0 1.3 1.5 1.3 2.82010 3.6 2.5 0.1 2.8 6.0 1.9 2.5 4.3 2.0 1.8 1.8 0.4 3.1 1.8 2.9 2.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 2.8

2011 3.5 2.5 0.1 3.4 7.5 2.5 2.7 4.6 2.1 1.7 1.8 0.5 3.2 1.8 2.8 4.3 1.9 1.5 1.4 3.02012 3.5 2.3 0.1 4.2 5.3 3.0 2.6 5.2 3.1 1.6 2.0 0.5 3.0 1.7 2.7 4.9 2.0 1.8 1.4 3.02013 3.3 1.8 0.1 4.3 4.1 3.5 2.3 4.8 3.4 1.5 1.8 0.5 2.9 1.6 2.6 4.8 2.5 1.9 1.3 2.82014 3.2 1.6 0.1 3.9 4.0 3.4 2.2 4.6 3.2 1.4 1.6 0.4 2.7 1.5 2.4 4.9 3.2 1.9 1.2 2.62015 2.9 1.4 0.1 2.6 3.5 3.0 2.0 4.1 3.2 1.3 1.5 0.4 2.3 1.3 2.3 4.6 3.2 1.8 1.2 2.32016 2.7 1.2 0.0 2.3 3.2 2.8 1.8 3.9 2.7 1.0 1.3 0.3 2.1 1.2 2.1 4.1 3.0 1.7 1.1 2.12017 2.3 1.1 0.0 2.0 3.1 2.5 1.7 3.8 2.5 0.9 1.1 0.3 1.8 1.0 1.8 3.8 2.5 1.4 1.0 1.92018 2.1 0.9 0.0 1.6 3.3 2.4 1.7 3.7 2.4 0.7 0.9 0.3 1.5 0.9 1.6 3.4 2.0 1.3 0.9 1.82019 2.0 0.9 0.0 1.4 3.0 2.3 1.5 3.5 2.3 0.7 0.8 0.3 1.3 0.8 1.5 3.1 1.6 1.2 0.8 1.72020 1.8 0.8 0.0 1.1 2.7 2.1 1.3 3.3 2.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 1.3 0.7 1.4 2.9 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.5

2021 1.7 0.7 0.0 1.0 2.6 2.0 1.1 3.1 1.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.2 2.8 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.4

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

141


66. Interest; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.1

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.6

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.1 6.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : 3.1 : : : : : : 3.5 6.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : 3.4 6.51992 : : : : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : 3.4 6.21993 : : : : : : : 4.4 : 2.6 : : : : : : 3.3 6.01994 : : : : : : : 4.8 : 2.8 : : : : : : 3.3 5.81995 9.7 1.0 5.8 : 8.7 5.6 1.6 5.1 : 3.1 : : : : : : 3.3 6.01996 15.7 1.1 5.6 : 9.0 4.5 1.8 5.2 : 3.1 : : : : : : 3.3 5.81997 6.5 1.1 5.0 : 8.4 4.5 4.4 5.0 : 3.1 : : : : : : 3.3 5.51998 3.6 1.1 4.5 : 7.1 4.0 4.0 4.4 : 3.1 : : : : : : 3.3 5.21999 3.6 0.9 4.1 : 6.7 2.9 5.1 3.9 : 2.6 : : : : : : 3.3 4.72000 4.1 0.8 3.7 : 5.3 3.0 3.9 3.3 : 2.4 : : : : : : 3.1 4.4

2001 4.2 0.9 3.4 1.8 4.7 3.1 3.4 2.7 3.6 2.1 3.3 : : : : : 2.7 4.22002 2.2 1.1 3.1 1.7 4.0 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.4 1.8 3.1 : : : : : 2.4 4.02003 2.2 1.0 2.8 1.7 4.0 3.0 1.6 2.1 3.1 1.8 2.9 : : : : : 2.1 4.02004 1.8 1.1 2.5 1.8 4.3 2.7 1.5 1.7 3.0 1.8 2.8 : : : : : 1.9 3.82005 1.6 1.1 2.1 1.8 4.1 2.5 1.2 1.8 2.8 1.9 2.7 : : : : : 1.7 3.92006 1.3 1.0 1.8 1.6 3.8 2.4 0.8 1.7 2.7 1.9 2.6 : : : : : 1.7 4.02007 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.7 4.0 2.2 0.7 1.7 2.7 2.1 2.6 : : : : : 1.9 4.12008 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.8 4.1 2.1 0.7 1.6 2.8 2.2 2.7 : : : : : 2.0 3.92009 0.7 1.2 1.9 2.2 4.5 2.5 1.4 1.2 2.7 1.8 2.6 : : : : 4.6 2.0 4.22010 0.7 1.3 1.9 2.4 4.1 2.5 1.5 1.1 2.7 2.8 2.7 : : : : 3.8 1.9 4.2

2011 0.7 1.3 2.0 2.7 4.2 2.5 1.6 1.2 2.9 3.1 2.9 : : : : 3.0 2.0 4.42012 0.8 1.4 1.8 3.1 4.6 2.7 1.8 0.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 : : : : 2.9 2.0 4.32013 0.7 1.3 1.7 3.1 4.5 2.5 1.8 0.8 2.6 2.8 2.7 : : : : 2.3 2.0 4.02014 0.9 1.3 1.5 3.4 4.0 2.0 1.7 0.7 2.5 2.6 2.5 : : : : 2.2 1.9 3.92015 0.9 1.1 1.4 3.4 3.5 1.8 1.6 0.6 2.2 2.3 2.2 : : : : 2.0 1.8 3.82016 0.9 0.9 1.0 3.1 3.1 1.7 1.5 0.5 2.0 2.4 2.1 : : : : 2.0 1.8 3.92017 0.8 0.7 0.8 2.7 2.7 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.8 2.7 2.0 : : : : 2.2 1.7 3.82018 0.6 0.8 0.8 2.3 2.4 1.4 1.2 0.5 1.7 2.4 1.8 2.2 : : : 2.4 1.8 3.92019 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.2 2.4 1.3 1.2 0.6 1.6 2.2 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.3 2.0 2.9 1.8 3.92020 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.4 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.5 2.2 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.9 2.8 1.7 4.0

2021 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.8 2.4 1.2 1.3 0.5 1.4 2.1 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.8 3.0 1.7 4.0


142


67. Subsidies; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 :

1980 : : : : : : 1.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.0 :

1990 : 1.7 2.7

1991 : 2.0 : : : : 1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 : 1992 : 1.8 : : : : 1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 : 1993 : 1.8 : : : : 1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.1 : 1994 : 2.0 : : : : 1.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.9 : 1995 1.7 2.0 0.8 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.5 1.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.7 0.8 2.6 1.0 2.1 4.6 2.7 1.71996 1.9 1.9 0.8 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.4 2.2 0.9 2.3 1.2 1.9 3.8 1.9 1.61997 1.6 1.7 0.7 1.3 0.0 0.9 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.4 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.9 4.2 1.8 1.51998 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.0 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 1.2 2.4 1.2 2.0 2.7 1.6 1.51999 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.3 2.2 1.4 1.9 2.6 1.5 1.52000 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.2 2.1 1.2 1.9 2.4 1.5 1.4

2001 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.0 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.42002 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.42003 1.8 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.1 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.1 2.0 1.2 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.32004 1.7 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.9 0.9 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.22005 2.2 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.3 1.7 1.1 1.6 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.22006 2.6 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.0 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.6 0.9 1.6 0.9 1.3 1.22007 2.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.5 0.8 1.6 0.8 1.2 1.22008 3.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.0 1.1 1.5 1.1 0.4 1.4 0.7 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.6 0.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.22009 3.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.1 1.2 1.8 1.3 0.2 1.6 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.6 0.7 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.42010 3.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.1 1.8 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.5 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.6 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.4

2011 3.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.7 1.4 0.4 1.0 0.4 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.42012 3.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.7 1.5 0.5 1.4 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.42013 3.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.7 0.5 1.5 0.3 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.6 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.42014 3.9 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 2.2 1.8 0.5 1.7 0.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.4 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.52015 3.8 0.9 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.1 2.6 1.7 0.4 1.3 0.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.52016 3.7 0.9 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.0 2.5 1.7 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.52017 3.6 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0 2.5 1.5 0.3 1.3 0.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.52018 3.6 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2.7 1.4 0.3 1.0 0.4 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.52019 3.7 0.9 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.7 1.4 0.3 0.9 0.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.6 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.52020 3.8 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.3 0.9 0.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.4

2021 3.7 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.4 0.3 0.8 0.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.3 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.3

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

143


67. Subsidies; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.1 0.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : 0.6 : : : : : : 0.8 0.5

1991 : : : : : : : : : 0.5 : : : : : : 0.9 0.41992 : : : : : : : : : 0.6 : : : : : : 0.8 0.51993 : : : : : : : 4.2 : 0.6 : : : : : : 0.8 0.51994 : : : : : : : 3.8 : 0.6 : : : : : : 0.8 0.41995 0.7 2.2 2.2 : 2.1 1.0 4.1 3.5 : 0.5 : : : : : : 0.8 0.51996 0.6 1.9 2.3 : 2.1 1.1 4.3 3.0 : 0.4 : : : : : : 0.7 0.41997 0.9 2.2 2.2 : 1.6 0.9 3.1 2.5 : 0.5 : : : : : : 0.8 0.41998 1.7 2.4 2.3 : 1.6 0.9 2.0 1.9 : 0.4 : : : : : : 0.7 0.41999 1.5 2.4 2.2 : 1.9 0.8 2.3 1.8 : 0.4 : : : : : : 0.8 0.52000 1.0 2.2 2.0 : 1.6 0.8 2.3 1.5 : 0.4 : : : : : : 0.9 0.4

2001 0.9 2.3 2.0 2.4 1.7 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.2 : : : : : 0.8 0.62002 0.8 1.8 2.1 2.2 1.7 0.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.5 1.2 : : : : : 0.7 0.42003 1.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.4 0.6 2.0 1.4 1.3 0.5 1.2 : : : : : 0.8 0.42004 0.9 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.6 0.9 2.0 1.4 1.3 0.5 1.1 : : : : : 0.7 0.42005 0.7 1.5 1.9 2.3 1.3 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.2 0.5 1.1 : : : : : 0.6 0.52006 0.7 1.6 1.8 2.3 1.4 0.9 2.0 1.5 1.2 0.6 1.1 : : : : : 0.6 0.42007 0.8 1.5 1.9 2.4 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.6 1.1 : : : : : 0.5 0.42008 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.6 1.1 : : : : : 0.5 0.42009 1.1 1.8 2.1 2.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.4 0.6 1.3 : : : : 1.0 0.7 0.42010 1.1 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.7 1.4 0.6 1.3 : : : : 0.8 0.7 0.4

2011 0.9 2.3 2.1 2.3 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.4 0.5 1.3 : : : : 0.8 0.8 0.42012 0.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.4 0.6 1.3 : : : : 0.7 0.6 0.42013 1.3 2.3 2.1 1.7 2.1 0.7 0.5 1.7 1.4 0.5 1.3 : : : : 0.7 0.7 0.42014 1.3 2.3 2.1 1.5 2.0 0.7 0.4 1.7 1.5 0.6 1.3 : : : : 1.1 0.6 0.32015 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.2 1.9 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.5 0.7 1.4 : : : : 1.2 0.6 0.32016 1.4 2.3 1.8 1.3 2.0 0.5 0.3 1.6 1.5 0.8 1.4 : : : : 1.5 0.6 0.32017 1.1 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.9 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.4 0.8 1.3 : : : : 1.8 0.5 0.32018 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.7 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.4 : : : : 1.8 0.6 0.32019 2.7 2.3 1.7 1.8 1.6 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.4 : : 2.7 : 1.8 0.5 0.32020 2.7 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.5 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.3 0.9 1.3 : : 2.8 : 1.8 0.5 0.3

2021 2.6 2.3 1.6 1.9 1.5 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.3 0.9 1.3 : : 2.9 : 1.8 0.5 0.3


144


68. Other current expenditure; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 :

1980 : : : : : : 2.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 :

1990 : 2.7 1.7

1991 : 2.4 : : : : 3.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.0 : 1992 : 2.1 : : : : 3.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.1 : 1993 : 2.2 : : : : 3.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.2 : 1994 : 2.1 : : : : 3.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.8 : 1995 2.0 2.0 0.5 2.5 1.8 1.4 3.3 1.3 2.7 1.4 0.1 2.4 1.2 1.8 2.8 1.8 0.8 1.1 2.4 2.11996 2.0 2.0 0.8 2.8 1.8 1.5 3.3 1.6 2.7 0.4 0.1 2.2 0.9 1.8 3.2 1.8 0.8 1.1 2.5 2.21997 2.0 2.0 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.6 3.2 1.4 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.9 1.0 1.8 2.8 1.9 1.0 1.4 2.7 2.11998 2.0 1.9 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 3.2 2.1 1.8 2.3 0.7 3.1 0.6 1.7 2.7 2.0 1.1 1.0 2.6 2.21999 2.0 1.9 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.7 3.1 2.1 1.6 1.6 0.6 3.1 0.9 1.7 2.9 2.0 1.4 1.1 2.6 2.22000 1.9 2.0 0.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 3.2 2.1 1.9 1.5 0.1 2.8 1.2 1.8 2.9 1.9 1.5 1.8 2.5 2.2

2001 1.9 1.9 0.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 3.2 2.1 1.8 0.5 0.4 2.6 1.5 2.2 3.5 2.0 2.0 1.3 2.3 2.22002 1.9 1.8 0.6 1.7 1.4 1.6 3.3 2.1 1.8 1.2 0.2 2.5 0.9 2.0 3.2 2.2 1.7 1.6 2.4 2.22003 2.0 1.9 0.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 3.4 2.1 2.3 0.7 0.2 2.6 1.1 1.9 3.4 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.32004 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.7 3.3 2.2 1.8 1.0 0.8 3.1 1.9 2.0 2.9 2.2 2.0 1.6 2.5 2.22005 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.7 3.5 2.1 2.5 3.7 1.8 2.7 1.7 2.1 3.1 2.2 2.6 1.8 2.5 2.32006 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 3.5 2.1 2.3 4.6 1.3 2.6 1.7 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.3 1.5 2.6 2.32007 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 3.4 2.2 2.5 3.2 1.3 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.6 2.4 2.22008 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.9 3.5 2.2 3.0 4.1 1.5 2.5 1.9 2.2 2.9 2.2 2.1 1.5 2.5 2.32009 2.3 1.9 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.0 3.9 2.3 2.7 3.6 1.7 2.7 2.0 1.8 3.0 2.6 2.1 1.8 2.8 2.52010 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.8 3.9 2.2 2.4 4.3 1.3 2.8 2.0 2.1 3.1 2.6 1.9 1.6 2.8 2.5

2011 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.9 3.8 2.2 2.7 2.3 1.6 3.0 1.9 2.0 3.0 2.7 2.0 1.5 2.9 2.42012 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 3.9 2.3 2.7 3.1 1.4 3.2 1.9 1.9 3.1 2.6 2.0 1.5 2.8 2.52013 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 4.0 2.4 2.2 2.8 1.6 3.2 2.4 1.9 3.2 2.6 2.2 1.7 3.0 2.62014 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 3.8 2.3 2.3 3.3 1.4 3.0 2.2 1.9 3.2 2.6 1.8 1.7 3.0 2.52015 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.6 1.5 3.8 2.2 2.6 2.8 1.5 3.1 2.1 1.9 3.4 2.4 1.8 1.9 2.8 2.52016 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.1 1.6 1.6 4.0 2.2 2.1 2.9 1.7 3.1 1.9 1.3 3.4 2.4 2.4 1.8 2.6 2.52017 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.4 3.9 2.0 2.3 2.9 1.4 3.3 1.9 1.4 3.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 2.4 2.32018 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.5 4.0 2.2 2.2 3.3 1.6 3.4 2.3 1.6 3.4 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.52019 1.9 2.3 1.9 1.1 1.6 1.5 4.0 2.2 2.2 2.6 1.9 3.5 2.1 1.6 3.3 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.52020 1.9 2.4 1.9 1.1 1.6 1.5 4.1 2.2 2.3 2.9 1.9 3.5 2.1 1.6 3.2 2.4 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.5

2021 1.9 2.5 1.9 1.1 1.5 1.6 4.2 2.2 2.3 2.7 1.9 3.5 2.1 1.6 3.2 2.4 1.8 2.3 2.4 2.6

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

145


68. Other current expenditure; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.8 0.3

1990 : : : : : : : : : 1.4 : : : : : : 0.8 0.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : 1.0 : : : : : : 1.0 -0.41992 : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : : : : : : 0.8 0.31993 : : : : : : : 6.6 : 1.6 : : : : : : 0.9 0.31994 : : : : : : : 6.6 : 1.7 : : : : : : 0.8 0.31995 0.9 1.2 3.2 : 1.1 1.1 1.6 7.0 : 1.9 : : : : : : 0.8 0.21996 0.7 1.5 3.3 : 1.3 1.2 0.9 6.8 : 1.8 : : : : : : 0.9 0.31997 0.2 1.0 3.5 : 1.2 1.4 0.6 6.5 : 1.7 : : : : : : 0.9 0.21998 0.4 1.0 3.6 : 1.3 0.9 3.2 7.3 : 2.0 : : : : : : 1.0 0.21999 1.4 0.9 3.4 : 1.5 0.4 0.4 7.1 : 2.0 : : : : : : 1.2 0.22000 0.9 1.2 3.3 : 1.6 0.5 0.5 6.7 : 2.3 : : : : : : 1.1 0.2

2001 1.2 1.1 3.5 1.7 1.7 0.4 1.2 6.3 2.3 2.1 2.3 : : : : : 1.0 0.22002 1.4 1.1 3.3 1.0 1.9 1.1 1.2 6.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 : : : : : 1.1 0.22003 1.1 1.0 3.3 2.6 1.8 1.1 1.3 6.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 : : : : : 1.1 0.22004 1.3 1.4 3.3 1.3 2.3 1.3 1.2 6.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 : : : : : 1.1 0.22005 1.7 1.6 3.3 2.3 2.5 2.2 0.9 6.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 : : : : : 1.1 0.32006 1.1 1.7 3.3 1.9 2.8 2.4 0.8 6.2 2.4 2.5 2.4 : : : : : 1.2 0.32007 1.8 1.8 3.3 0.9 2.7 2.4 1.9 5.7 2.4 2.5 2.4 : : : : : 1.2 0.32008 2.6 1.9 3.2 1.4 2.5 2.5 1.4 5.7 2.5 2.4 2.4 : : : : : 1.3 0.32009 4.2 1.9 3.6 1.1 2.7 2.3 1.8 5.8 2.6 2.7 2.6 : : : : 1.4 1.8 0.42010 1.2 2.0 3.5 1.8 2.5 2.2 1.9 5.6 2.6 2.9 2.6 : : : : 1.1 1.7 0.4

2011 1.6 2.1 3.3 1.2 2.7 2.2 2.2 5.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 : : : : 1.3 1.5 0.42012 1.8 2.2 3.6 1.4 2.7 2.3 2.5 5.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 : : : : 1.1 1.4 0.32013 2.2 2.2 3.6 1.9 3.3 2.3 1.9 5.7 2.7 2.5 2.7 : : : : 1.1 1.4 0.32014 2.6 2.1 3.2 1.6 3.2 2.1 2.3 5.6 2.6 2.2 2.6 : : : : 1.2 1.5 0.32015 2.1 2.1 3.2 2.3 2.9 2.2 2.5 5.4 2.6 2.1 2.5 : : : : 1.2 1.5 0.32016 1.2 2.1 3.1 2.3 3.6 2.0 1.5 5.3 2.6 2.0 2.5 : : : : 1.2 1.5 0.32017 2.2 2.1 3.1 2.1 3.1 1.9 1.7 5.5 2.4 1.8 2.3 : : : : 1.1 1.5 0.32018 2.3 2.1 3.3 1.4 3.5 2.1 1.8 5.8 2.6 1.8 2.5 : : : : 1.1 1.6 0.32019 2.3 2.0 3.2 1.4 3.5 2.0 1.7 5.7 2.6 1.8 2.5 : : : : 1.1 1.6 0.22020 2.3 2.0 3.2 1.4 3.3 2.0 1.8 5.8 2.6 1.8 2.5 : : : : 1.1 1.6 0.2

2021 2.2 2.0 3.1 1.4 3.4 2.0 1.9 5.7 2.6 1.8 2.5 : : : : 1.1 1.5 0.2


146


69. Total current expenditure; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 32.6 :

1980 : : : : : : 41.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 35.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 47.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 41.3 :

1990 : 44.2 42.8

1991 : 41.2 : : : : 45.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 51.2 : 1992 : 42.4 : : : : 46.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.4 : 1993 : 43.6 : : : : 49.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 58.4 : 1994 : 44.1 : : : : 48.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.5 : 1995 49.3 44.7 34.2 37.0 41.2 37.7 49.0 46.7 25.7 33.0 30.0 35.7 35.4 44.7 50.1 37.4 40.5 39.7 54.5 45.51996 49.8 45.6 33.7 35.4 40.5 37.5 49.7 47.3 27.1 32.1 31.6 35.4 37.1 42.9 50.0 37.5 39.9 42.0 54.0 45.91997 48.0 45.0 31.6 32.9 38.1 36.3 49.5 45.6 28.4 32.9 35.2 36.3 36.9 41.4 47.7 36.2 40.6 40.6 51.4 44.81998 47.5 44.3 32.8 31.0 38.1 35.6 48.1 44.0 30.6 34.3 37.5 36.2 36.5 40.2 47.4 36.2 40.5 38.7 47.9 43.81999 46.8 44.5 34.9 28.3 38.8 34.7 47.6 42.9 30.2 36.4 37.3 34.2 36.7 39.2 47.6 36.6 41.1 38.7 46.3 43.32000 45.7 43.8 31.5 26.4 38.8 34.0 46.8 42.3 30.5 33.1 34.8 33.0 35.8 37.9 46.8 37.6 42.2 39.1 44.1 42.5

2001 46.2 43.5 30.0 27.3 39.1 33.2 46.9 42.9 31.5 31.0 33.0 34.4 37.5 38.1 47.1 38.1 42.8 38.4 43.4 42.42002 46.9 44.0 29.6 28.1 38.6 33.1 48.0 42.6 32.7 31.3 31.2 35.5 37.1 38.7 46.9 38.8 42.4 37.8 44.4 42.82003 47.4 44.5 29.5 28.5 38.6 33.0 48.4 42.6 35.9 30.4 30.1 37.1 37.1 39.5 47.4 40.2 42.0 36.2 45.3 43.02004 46.3 43.3 29.7 28.8 39.6 33.0 48.1 42.4 34.1 30.3 29.9 37.5 38.4 39.2 46.3 40.6 41.5 34.4 45.0 42.52005 46.2 43.3 28.9 29.0 40.2 32.9 48.2 42.6 35.2 30.0 30.2 37.2 37.6 38.3 46.9 41.7 41.8 34.7 45.1 42.42006 45.8 41.8 28.0 29.4 39.9 32.8 47.9 42.2 34.5 29.8 29.7 34.6 37.7 38.9 46.1 41.2 40.6 34.3 44.5 41.82007 45.3 40.2 27.3 30.3 41.4 33.3 47.5 42.3 33.6 27.6 29.0 33.0 37.2 38.3 44.8 40.8 38.0 32.6 42.8 41.22008 47.3 40.5 32.0 34.8 43.6 35.4 48.1 43.5 34.3 32.6 32.2 34.9 39.6 38.8 45.4 41.5 39.2 32.8 44.0 42.22009 50.8 44.4 38.1 39.8 47.5 39.7 51.5 46.0 36.7 38.8 40.0 39.3 38.8 42.1 48.5 45.4 43.5 38.6 49.7 45.82010 50.0 43.3 35.6 39.7 47.5 40.2 51.5 45.7 36.1 38.7 37.1 38.0 37.7 42.7 48.3 44.7 44.7 37.8 49.9 45.5

2011 50.6 41.7 32.6 39.3 50.1 41.0 51.1 45.3 37.3 33.6 33.7 37.1 37.9 42.2 46.7 45.7 45.1 36.9 49.4 45.02012 51.3 41.6 31.8 39.2 48.8 41.5 51.7 46.7 38.4 32.8 32.2 38.9 38.4 42.3 46.8 45.3 44.7 37.1 51.0 45.42013 51.7 41.7 32.0 37.8 45.4 42.4 52.0 47.4 38.4 32.8 30.8 38.8 37.8 42.1 47.2 46.7 44.7 38.3 52.3 45.72014 51.5 41.1 31.7 34.7 45.6 42.0 52.3 47.3 37.1 33.4 30.0 37.4 36.5 41.8 47.0 45.6 43.4 38.7 52.7 45.42015 50.1 41.0 33.4 25.8 45.3 40.6 52.1 46.2 36.6 33.1 30.7 36.9 34.1 40.7 46.9 44.0 42.7 38.5 52.5 44.52016 49.8 41.0 34.2 25.2 45.2 39.7 52.0 45.7 34.4 33.1 30.6 35.7 33.3 39.6 46.4 42.8 42.6 38.6 51.2 44.12017 48.7 40.9 33.1 23.8 43.9 38.6 51.5 44.8 33.6 32.9 29.5 36.8 32.7 38.9 45.2 41.0 40.3 37.9 49.5 43.42018 48.7 41.0 33.3 22.9 43.0 38.7 51.3 45.1 33.3 32.6 30.6 36.9 32.5 38.4 45.0 40.4 39.4 37.7 48.7 43.32019 48.9 41.8 33.3 22.3 42.7 38.9 50.9 45.5 35.2 31.6 31.3 37.7 32.7 38.5 44.7 40.4 39.3 38.1 48.7 43.42020 49.1 42.1 33.5 22.0 41.3 39.1 49.7 45.8 38.8 31.9 31.6 38.2 33.0 39.0 44.7 40.3 38.8 38.5 49.0 43.3

2021 49.2 42.2 33.6 21.6 40.3 39.1 49.4 45.6 39.3 31.6 31.4 38.4 32.8 39.0 44.4 40.1 38.4 38.2 49.0 43.2

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

147


69. Total current expenditure; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 28.9

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 32.1

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 26.6 32.6

1990 : : : : : : : : : 31.2 : : : : : : 25.3 32.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : 32.6 : : : : : : 25.2 33.91992 : : : : : : : : : 35.1 : : : : : : 25.5 35.01993 : : : : : : : 62.3 : 35.1 : : : : : : 26.4 34.71994 : : : : : : : 61.1 : 34.9 : : : : : : 27.4 33.91995 31.0 33.9 55.2 : 48.6 44.5 29.7 57.8 : 35.1 : : : : : : 28.2 34.01996 36.2 33.7 54.6 : 46.0 43.5 28.7 56.4 : 34.0 : : : : : : 28.4 33.41997 28.8 34.0 52.7 : 43.6 43.1 31.4 54.2 : 33.4 : : : : : : 28.7 32.41998 29.6 33.2 52.3 : 42.7 40.9 32.8 53.0 : 33.1 : : : : : : 29.6 31.51999 36.9 34.4 51.5 : 43.3 40.1 36.1 51.7 : 32.8 : : : : : : 31.0 30.92000 36.5 34.1 49.6 : 41.0 39.8 34.1 49.3 : 33.1 : : : : : : 31.3 30.6

2001 36.4 34.1 50.0 39.5 40.5 41.7 32.2 48.5 42.6 33.7 41.0 : : : : : 31.7 31.82002 34.8 35.6 50.3 42.6 41.9 42.1 30.2 49.4 43.0 34.7 41.5 : : : : : 32.4 32.72003 34.8 36.6 50.9 40.6 43.2 41.9 29.3 49.7 43.2 35.7 41.9 : : : : : 32.4 33.22004 34.0 35.1 50.1 39.8 43.5 40.3 28.4 48.4 42.6 36.8 41.6 : : : : : 32.0 32.82005 32.7 34.5 48.6 39.4 43.9 40.0 29.2 48.2 42.5 37.3 41.6 : : : : : 32.0 32.92006 29.6 34.4 47.0 39.3 44.4 39.7 28.7 47.1 41.8 37.4 41.0 : : : : : 32.0 32.82007 29.6 34.1 46.5 38.1 43.7 38.1 29.8 45.4 41.1 37.6 40.5 : : : : : 32.3 33.32008 31.4 34.0 46.8 38.1 44.2 38.7 30.1 45.9 42.0 38.7 41.5 : : : : : 33.4 35.22009 34.1 37.3 53.1 41.3 45.8 39.1 33.3 47.9 45.5 42.1 45.0 : : : : 33.2 36.8 38.12010 31.4 37.5 53.0 42.0 44.3 39.5 33.4 45.9 45.2 43.0 44.9 : : : : 30.8 36.6 38.6

2011 30.2 37.4 52.3 42.4 43.4 37.5 31.6 45.1 44.6 42.0 44.2 : : : : 29.4 37.6 37.82012 30.4 37.4 52.5 42.8 44.1 37.7 30.9 46.3 45.0 41.5 44.4 : : : : 29.2 37.5 36.42013 33.3 38.0 52.0 42.9 44.4 38.1 29.8 47.1 45.3 40.4 44.5 : : : : 28.6 37.3 35.52014 34.2 37.0 50.8 43.2 42.9 37.3 29.7 46.3 44.9 39.4 44.0 : : : : 28.3 37.0 35.02015 33.2 35.7 50.1 43.7 41.3 36.7 29.7 45.0 44.0 38.6 43.0 : : : : 28.0 36.3 34.82016 30.9 35.5 48.4 42.3 41.6 37.4 29.4 45.1 43.6 37.9 42.7 : : : : 30.1 36.4 35.02017 31.5 34.9 47.4 41.3 40.3 36.6 30.0 44.6 42.9 37.3 42.0 : : : : 29.2 35.9 34.72018 32.5 35.7 47.3 40.7 38.8 36.5 31.1 44.7 42.8 37.0 41.9 : : : : 29.6 36.3 34.62019 32.9 36.6 46.8 41.0 37.5 37.0 31.6 44.6 42.9 37.0 42.0 : : : : 30.2 36.4 34.52020 33.3 36.9 46.4 41.0 36.6 37.2 32.7 44.7 42.8 37.2 42.0 : : : : 29.7 36.5 34.7

2021 32.9 37.1 45.8 40.5 36.4 37.1 34.5 44.5 42.7 37.1 41.8 : : : : 29.5 36.4 34.8


148


70. Gross saving; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.6 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.0 :

1990 : 3.4 10.2

1991 : 1.8 : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 : 1992 : 2.0 : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.2 : 1993 : 1.2 : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.6 : 1994 : 1.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.6 : 1995 -1.4 0.5 6.2 -0.1 -6.6 -1.6 0.4 -3.1 4.4 1.2 3.0 7.4 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -1.2 4.3 5.2 0.5 -0.51996 -1.0 -0.1 4.7 1.7 -5.8 -1.7 1.0 -2.9 2.7 2.3 1.7 7.1 -5.2 1.7 0.9 -0.3 4.0 1.3 2.0 -0.41997 1.0 0.3 7.0 3.2 -2.3 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.9 2.1 3.3 7.5 -3.3 2.2 1.9 0.9 2.4 1.8 3.2 0.61998 2.1 0.8 5.2 4.1 -1.4 1.5 2.1 0.5 -0.3 2.4 0.7 8.5 -5.1 2.4 2.0 0.9 3.1 1.8 5.8 1.41999 2.5 1.6 1.6 6.5 -0.8 2.7 3.1 2.1 -0.2 0.1 0.6 8.4 -2.9 4.1 1.6 1.8 2.8 1.9 6.0 2.42000 3.2 2.0 4.3 8.0 0.7 2.9 3.1 1.4 1.6 0.7 1.6 10.5 -2.5 5.1 1.7 0.9 1.5 0.9 10.4 2.7

2001 3.1 0.5 5.0 5.0 -0.2 3.7 3.1 1.0 1.7 1.7 0.8 9.5 -2.3 3.9 3.4 -0.2 1.3 -0.4 8.5 2.12002 2.6 -0.4 6.4 3.3 0.4 4.0 1.3 0.8 0.1 1.2 1.7 8.1 -1.4 2.4 2.6 0.1 2.3 -0.7 7.7 1.32003 1.5 -0.3 6.9 3.6 -1.2 3.8 0.4 -0.3 -1.4 1.6 1.9 6.3 -1.2 1.5 1.9 -2.1 2.5 1.0 6.1 0.72004 2.2 -0.3 6.4 4.5 -2.4 4.5 0.9 0.2 -0.8 3.0 2.3 4.8 -2.1 2.1 2.4 -1.7 2.8 1.0 6.0 1.12005 2.3 -0.2 5.6 4.8 -2.7 5.7 1.3 0.1 0.0 2.8 2.8 6.3 -1.1 3.2 1.5 -2.3 3.0 2.0 6.2 1.42006 2.6 1.4 7.5 5.9 -3.2 6.8 2.3 1.6 2.1 4.8 3.4 6.8 -0.9 3.7 1.5 -0.9 3.4 0.7 7.1 2.52007 2.8 3.0 8.4 4.4 -3.4 6.9 2.1 2.8 7.0 5.3 4.0 8.8 0.7 3.6 2.8 0.0 5.0 1.3 8.5 3.22008 1.8 3.2 4.2 -1.3 -5.1 0.6 1.8 1.5 4.7 0.1 1.7 7.9 -1.9 4.2 2.8 -0.5 4.0 1.5 7.6 2.02009 -2.0 0.3 3.2 -7.2 -9.9 -5.6 -1.8 -1.0 -0.5 -5.0 -5.7 5.0 -1.2 0.0 -0.3 -5.7 -0.5 -3.4 1.5 -1.72010 -0.8 0.1 3.1 -7.0 -8.2 -4.6 -1.7 -0.4 0.5 -3.5 -4.1 5.3 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -5.3 -0.6 -3.9 1.1 -1.4

2011 -0.3 2.3 4.0 -6.0 -8.5 -5.4 -0.3 -0.3 -1.5 0.9 -2.3 5.6 -0.8 -0.1 1.4 -4.2 -1.3 -1.2 2.9 -0.32012 0.0 2.9 4.9 -5.5 -4.4 -4.5 0.2 0.6 -2.5 2.1 -1.0 5.3 -1.3 0.3 2.0 -4.2 -0.1 -1.6 1.9 0.42013 0.3 2.9 4.5 -3.9 -0.3 -4.6 0.9 0.1 -2.0 2.1 0.0 5.3 -0.3 1.2 2.2 -2.8 -0.2 -0.2 1.6 0.72014 0.2 3.3 5.5 -1.2 -1.3 -3.8 0.7 0.2 2.7 1.5 1.4 5.7 0.4 1.5 2.5 -1.9 0.5 0.2 1.2 1.02015 0.4 3.6 4.9 0.9 -0.3 -3.0 0.7 1.0 2.5 1.8 2.3 5.8 1.3 1.6 3.1 -0.9 1.2 2.1 1.2 1.42016 0.2 4.0 4.3 1.3 2.5 -2.4 0.7 0.4 3.1 2.9 3.0 6.5 3.5 3.6 2.0 -0.5 1.3 1.0 2.4 1.62017 1.7 4.4 4.6 1.7 2.9 -1.1 1.8 1.0 4.5 3.7 3.5 6.1 5.7 4.5 3.0 1.0 3.2 2.3 3.1 2.42018 1.9 5.0 4.2 2.2 3.5 -0.5 1.7 0.9 5.4 4.0 3.3 7.5 5.0 4.8 3.7 2.2 4.3 2.4 3.2 2.82019 0.9 4.4 4.6 2.7 2.7 -0.4 1.1 0.9 5.5 4.0 2.8 7.5 4.5 4.9 3.9 2.3 3.9 2.0 2.9 2.42020 0.4 3.9 4.4 2.9 2.5 -0.3 2.0 0.8 4.7 3.4 3.0 6.9 4.7 4.0 3.8 2.5 4.0 1.2 2.8 2.4

2021 0.1 3.6 4.3 3.1 3.0 -0.1 2.0 0.4 4.5 3.2 2.9 6.7 4.9 4.0 3.9 2.7 4.2 1.0 2.6 2.2

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

149


70. Gross saving; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.5

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -2.9

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.0 -1.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : 7.6 -0.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : 0.9 : : : : : : 7.5 -1.71992 : : : : : : : : : -2.2 : : : : : : 7.0 -3.01993 : : : : : : : -3.2 : -3.6 : : : : : : 4.9 -2.51994 : : : : : : : -2.5 : -2.8 : : : : : : 4.2 -1.31995 -4.9 6.1 -0.3 : -2.3 -0.9 2.3 -1.6 : -2.1 : : : : : : 3.5 -1.11996 -7.7 5.0 0.8 : 0.2 -0.4 0.9 1.7 : -1.2 : : : : : : 3.3 0.01997 2.3 4.7 1.9 : 0.0 -0.6 -1.2 3.2 : 0.0 : : : : : : 3.7 1.21998 5.3 4.7 2.6 : 0.3 0.1 -0.4 4.4 : 1.8 : : : : : : 1.9 2.31999 4.5 3.8 3.8 : 0.1 1.1 -1.3 5.1 : 2.7 : : : : : : 0.8 2.82000 3.7 3.2 4.8 : 2.9 -0.6 -0.2 7.0 : 3.4 : : : : : : 0.5 3.7

2001 5.1 3.3 3.8 4.2 2.2 -1.4 0.6 5.5 2.2 2.6 2.2 : : : : : 0.6 1.62002 3.0 2.7 2.7 4.1 -0.1 -1.5 2.6 2.9 1.3 0.6 1.2 : : : : : -1.1 -1.62003 3.2 2.6 2.5 4.5 -1.7 -2.2 3.5 3.0 0.8 -0.4 0.6 : : : : : -1.6 -2.62004 5.5 4.7 4.6 4.1 -1.7 -1.8 3.9 4.3 1.2 -0.2 1.0 : : : : : -1.4 -2.02005 4.8 4.4 7.4 3.9 -2.8 -0.1 3.2 6.0 1.7 -0.1 1.4 : : : : : -0.2 -0.62006 5.4 4.2 7.7 4.0 -3.1 0.6 4.7 6.3 2.7 0.2 2.3 : : : : : 0.9 0.32007 7.8 5.0 7.9 5.2 0.3 2.5 3.7 7.4 3.5 0.3 2.9 : : : : : 1.2 -0.12008 6.2 3.9 6.6 4.7 0.2 1.3 1.4 6.2 2.3 -1.2 1.7 : : : : : -0.2 -3.02009 -0.1 0.1 0.5 1.3 -1.1 -2.1 -3.4 3.7 -1.5 -5.4 -2.0 : : : : -1.5 -4.5 -8.12010 0.4 0.4 0.8 -0.3 -1.4 -2.4 -1.6 4.4 -1.1 -5.2 -1.7 : : : : 2.0 -4.7 -8.0

2011 0.5 1.5 1.7 -1.7 -1.4 -0.2 1.0 4.3 -0.1 -3.9 -0.6 : : : : 3.3 -4.6 -6.82012 2.1 2.2 1.9 -0.7 0.9 0.1 1.0 3.3 0.5 -4.3 -0.2 : : : : 3.9 -4.0 -5.52013 1.9 2.4 3.1 -0.4 0.6 -0.7 2.0 2.9 0.8 -2.5 0.3 : : : : 4.3 -3.0 -2.52014 1.0 2.1 6.1 -0.1 1.7 0.2 2.2 2.9 1.2 -2.3 0.6 : : : : 3.9 -1.2 -2.02015 1.5 3.4 3.6 1.1 3.5 1.2 3.0 4.2 1.6 -1.2 1.1 : : : : 4.3 -0.2 -1.62016 3.6 4.1 4.3 3.5 3.3 0.8 1.2 5.4 1.8 -0.1 1.5 : : : : 2.7 -0.3 -2.32017 3.4 5.0 5.1 4.4 3.3 2.4 -0.6 5.9 2.6 1.0 2.4 : : : : 2.0 0.6 -2.42018 4.9 5.2 4.7 5.1 4.2 3.7 0.1 5.8 3.0 1.3 2.7 : : : : 1.4 0.5 -3.52019 5.0 4.3 5.8 5.3 4.8 2.8 -0.3 5.2 2.6 1.5 2.5 : : : : 1.4 0.6 -3.32020 4.7 4.1 4.2 4.8 5.1 3.1 -1.1 5.1 2.5 1.4 2.4 : : : : 0.8 0.9 -3.4

2021 4.9 4.1 3.7 4.8 5.1 3.0 -2.8 5.1 2.4 1.6 2.3 : : : : 1.0 1.3 -3.5


150


71. Capital transfers received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1 :

1980 : : : : : : 0.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 0.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 :

1990 : 0.0 0.2

1991 : 0.3 : : : : 0.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : 1992 : 0.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : 1993 : 0.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3 : 1994 : 0.4 : : : : 0.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : 1995 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.8 1.6 1.2 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.61996 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.6 2.3 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.2 2.0 0.5 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.51997 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 1.7 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.61998 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.5 2.2 1.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.51999 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.6 2.3 1.3 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.62000 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.4 2.9 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.7 -0.2 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5

2001 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.52002 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.52003 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.72004 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.8 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.62005 0.6 0.4 0.3 1.2 1.9 1.1 0.4 0.4 1.9 1.1 0.8 0.2 3.2 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.62006 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.4 2.4 1.0 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.2 3.0 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.52007 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.5 2.4 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.4 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.52008 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.2 2.2 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.42009 0.4 0.4 2.1 0.6 1.4 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.5 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.62010 0.6 0.4 1.4 0.3 2.1 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.6 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.5

2011 0.6 0.4 1.5 0.5 2.3 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.6 2.2 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.52012 0.8 0.4 1.9 0.3 2.5 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.8 1.9 0.2 2.1 0.3 0.2 1.6 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.52013 1.0 0.4 1.8 0.3 4.1 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.6 2.1 0.2 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.62014 0.9 0.4 1.0 0.4 2.4 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.6 2.7 0.2 2.4 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.5 1.3 0.3 0.52015 0.8 0.4 1.1 0.3 2.9 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.7 1.9 0.2 3.2 0.3 0.2 0.8 1.9 2.4 0.4 0.62016 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.52017 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.3 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.42018 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.3 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.52019 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.3 2.3 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.8 1.4 0.8 0.2 2.2 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.52020 0.8 0.3 1.2 0.3 2.5 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.6 1.4 0.8 0.2 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.5

2021 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.3 2.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.3 0.8 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.2 0.5

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

151


71. Capital transfers received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.6 0.2

1990 : : : : : : : : : 0.3 : : : : : : 0.8 0.3

1991 : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.7 0.31992 : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.9 0.21993 : : : : : : : 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.9 0.31994 : : : : : : : 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.9 0.31995 0.1 0.5 0.1 : 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.8 0.31996 0.1 0.1 0.1 : 0.5 3.5 0.0 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.7 0.31997 0.1 0.1 0.1 : 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.7 0.31998 0.1 0.1 0.1 : 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.7 0.41999 0.1 0.1 0.1 : 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.6 0.42000 0.1 0.1 0.2 : 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.6 0.3

2001 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 : : : : : 0.5 0.42002 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 : : : : : 0.5 0.32003 0.2 3.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.6 : : : : : 0.6 0.22004 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.5 : : : : : 1.6 0.22005 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.6 : : : : : 1.2 0.22006 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : : 1.0 0.22007 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : : 0.6 0.22008 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.4 1.7 0.6 : : : : : 0.6 0.22009 1.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.1 0.5 0.22010 1.4 1.5 0.2 0.3 1.9 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 : : : : 0.1 0.5 0.1

2011 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.3 2.2 1.7 1.5 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.5 : : : : 0.2 0.5 0.12012 1.7 1.0 0.1 0.8 2.1 1.3 1.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 : : : : 0.2 0.7 0.12013 2.2 1.0 -0.5 0.3 2.6 1.0 1.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 : : : : 0.1 0.7 0.22014 2.6 1.2 -0.6 0.3 2.9 1.2 2.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.2 1.0 0.12015 4.0 2.0 -0.5 0.5 3.9 1.1 2.8 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.6 : : : : 0.3 1.5 0.12016 0.6 0.6 -0.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.2 1.5 0.12017 1.1 0.6 0.1 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 : : : : 0.1 1.1 1.42018 0.8 0.9 0.0 0.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.1 1.1 0.12019 1.4 0.9 0.0 0.8 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.1 1.1 0.12020 1.4 0.9 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.1 1.1 0.1

2021 1.5 0.9 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.1 1.1 0.1


152


72. Total revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 43.5 :

1980 : : : : : : 46.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 43.8 :

1985 : : : : : : 49.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 49.6 :

1990 : 47.7 53.2

1991 : 43.3 : : : : 48.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.8 : 1992 : 44.7 : : : : 48.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.5 : 1993 : 45.1 : : : : 48.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.1 : 1994 : 45.8 : : : : 49.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.1 : 1995 48.1 45.7 40.8 38.7 36.3 37.3 49.7 44.4 30.2 34.3 33.0 43.3 35.7 45.0 49.7 37.4 45.0 44.9 55.1 45.61996 49.0 45.8 38.6 38.7 36.9 37.0 51.0 44.9 29.9 35.1 33.3 42.7 33.9 45.1 51.1 38.4 44.1 43.5 56.3 46.01997 49.5 45.6 38.9 37.8 37.6 37.6 50.9 46.5 29.4 36.6 38.5 44.0 34.6 43.9 49.7 38.8 43.1 42.4 54.9 46.11998 49.9 45.6 38.4 36.6 38.9 38.3 50.5 45.2 30.4 38.1 38.1 45.1 32.3 43.0 49.5 38.3 43.9 40.6 54.0 45.71999 49.8 46.5 36.8 36.4 40.4 38.7 51.0 45.4 30.1 37.2 38.0 42.9 35.1 43.7 49.5 39.5 44.0 40.8 52.6 46.22000 49.3 46.2 36.3 35.7 42.4 37.9 50.3 44.1 32.2 34.5 36.2 43.7 34.7 43.3 48.6 39.4 43.9 40.1 54.8 45.6

2001 49.6 44.4 35.1 33.5 40.5 38.0 50.3 44.1 33.2 32.8 33.6 44.1 35.6 42.4 50.7 39.3 44.3 38.1 52.3 44.92002 49.9 44.0 36.3 32.7 39.8 38.3 49.6 43.8 32.9 32.8 33.3 43.8 36.0 41.5 49.7 40.4 44.9 37.2 52.5 44.52003 49.2 44.6 36.8 33.4 38.8 38.0 49.3 44.0 34.6 32.1 32.3 43.7 36.2 41.4 49.5 39.7 44.6 37.3 51.8 44.52004 49.1 43.5 36.4 34.5 38.8 38.7 49.4 43.4 34.9 33.8 32.6 42.5 37.9 41.6 48.9 40.0 44.7 35.6 51.3 44.12005 49.1 43.5 34.8 34.9 39.4 39.7 49.9 43.2 37.1 33.8 33.7 43.7 39.6 41.8 48.6 40.6 45.1 36.9 51.7 44.42006 49.0 43.6 36.3 36.6 39.2 40.6 50.4 44.2 37.7 35.6 34.0 41.6 39.8 43.1 47.8 41.1 44.3 35.2 52.0 44.82007 48.6 43.7 36.5 36.2 40.4 41.1 49.9 45.4 40.8 33.6 34.4 42.0 39.0 42.2 47.9 41.6 43.4 34.3 51.7 44.92008 49.7 44.1 36.8 34.8 40.7 36.9 50.0 45.3 39.3 33.5 35.0 43.0 38.5 43.3 48.4 41.6 43.7 34.5 52.1 44.72009 49.2 45.0 43.4 33.2 38.9 35.0 50.0 46.0 36.7 34.9 35.8 44.5 38.6 42.5 48.8 40.4 43.5 36.3 51.6 44.72010 49.8 43.8 40.1 33.0 41.3 36.5 50.0 45.7 37.1 36.7 35.6 43.5 38.7 42.6 48.4 40.5 44.6 34.7 51.4 44.6

2011 51.0 44.4 38.1 33.8 43.9 36.4 51.1 45.6 36.5 36.1 33.7 42.9 38.9 42.4 48.3 42.4 44.2 37.0 52.6 45.22012 52.2 44.9 38.7 34.0 46.9 37.9 52.1 47.6 36.4 36.7 33.1 44.4 39.2 42.8 49.0 42.7 45.4 36.6 53.3 46.32013 53.0 45.0 38.4 34.2 49.2 38.8 53.1 48.1 37.4 36.5 32.9 44.3 39.5 43.6 49.7 44.8 45.7 39.4 54.3 46.92014 52.5 44.9 38.2 33.9 46.7 39.2 53.3 47.9 40.6 36.6 34.1 43.3 39.3 43.6 49.7 44.4 45.3 40.2 54.3 46.82015 51.3 45.0 39.4 27.0 47.9 38.7 53.2 47.8 39.7 36.6 34.8 42.9 38.5 42.6 50.1 43.8 45.9 43.1 54.0 46.42016 50.7 45.5 39.0 27.0 49.5 38.1 53.0 46.6 37.7 36.9 34.4 42.4 37.4 43.6 48.6 42.9 44.3 40.2 53.9 46.22017 51.2 45.7 38.6 25.8 48.2 38.2 53.6 46.2 38.6 37.5 33.6 43.2 39.3 43.7 48.4 42.4 44.0 40.6 53.0 46.22018 51.4 46.4 38.5 25.4 48.0 39.2 53.5 46.2 39.2 37.8 34.6 44.6 38.7 43.5 48.8 43.0 44.3 40.8 52.2 46.52019 50.5 46.5 39.0 25.3 47.7 39.3 52.5 46.7 41.6 37.0 34.9 45.4 39.4 43.8 48.8 43.3 44.0 40.8 51.9 46.32020 50.3 46.3 39.1 25.2 46.3 39.6 52.1 46.8 44.0 36.7 35.4 45.3 39.1 43.4 48.7 43.4 43.6 40.7 52.1 46.2

2021 50.2 46.1 39.0 25.0 45.4 39.8 51.8 46.3 44.3 36.2 35.1 45.4 38.9 43.3 48.5 43.7 43.3 40.3 51.8 45.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

153


72. Total revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.8

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.6

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 30.5 31.3

1990 : : : : : : : : : 34.0 : : : : : : 32.8 32.4

1991 : : : : : : : : : 33.7 : : : : : : 32.4 32.51992 : : : : : : : : : 33.1 : : : : : : 32.4 32.21993 : : : : : : : 59.3 : 31.8 : : : : : : 31.1 32.51994 : : : : : : : 58.9 : 32.3 : : : : : : : 32.91995 26.3 40.5 54.9 : 46.6 43.7 32.3 56.5 : 33.2 : : : : : : : 33.21996 28.6 38.8 55.5 : 46.6 46.6 29.6 58.3 : 33.0 : : : : : : : 33.61997 31.1 38.8 54.7 : 44.1 42.5 30.2 57.6 : 33.6 : : : : : : : 33.91998 35.0 37.9 55.0 : 43.4 41.0 32.4 57.7 : 35.1 : : : : : : : 34.21999 41.5 38.2 55.4 : 43.8 41.1 34.8 57.0 : 35.8 : : : : : : : 34.22000 40.3 37.4 54.6 : 44.4 39.1 33.9 56.5 : 36.7 : : : : : : : 34.6

2001 41.7 37.7 54.0 43.7 43.3 40.3 32.9 54.2 45.2 36.6 43.6 : : : : : : 33.82002 37.9 38.5 53.2 47.3 42.2 40.6 33.0 52.5 44.7 35.6 43.1 : : : : : : 31.42003 38.2 42.5 53.5 45.6 42.0 39.7 32.9 52.9 44.7 35.6 43.2 : : : : : : 30.82004 39.6 40.2 55.1 43.9 42.3 38.5 32.7 53.0 44.4 36.9 43.1 : : : : : : 31.12005 37.8 39.3 56.2 43.3 41.7 40.3 32.7 54.4 44.7 38.1 43.5 : : : : : 31.1 32.52006 35.5 39.2 54.8 43.4 42.2 40.9 33.5 53.6 45.0 37.9 43.7 : : : : : 32.0 33.32007 38.8 39.7 54.6 43.4 44.9 41.0 34.7 53.0 45.1 38.2 43.9 : : : : : 32.2 33.42008 38.7 38.7 53.6 42.9 45.1 40.4 32.3 52.2 44.7 39.2 43.8 : : : : : 32.0 32.52009 35.2 38.7 53.7 42.8 46.0 37.6 30.3 51.7 44.6 37.1 43.6 : : : : 31.8 30.9 30.12010 33.2 39.3 54.0 42.0 44.8 38.4 33.1 50.4 44.5 38.1 43.6 : : : : 32.9 30.6 30.7

2011 31.9 40.3 54.4 41.0 44.2 39.0 34.1 49.6 45.0 38.3 44.1 : : : : 32.8 31.6 31.12012 34.1 40.5 54.5 42.9 47.1 39.1 33.7 50.0 46.1 37.4 44.7 : : : : 33.3 32.3 31.02013 37.5 41.4 54.6 42.8 47.6 38.4 33.3 50.4 46.6 38.3 45.4 : : : : 33.0 33.1 33.22014 37.9 40.3 56.4 43.4 47.5 38.7 34.1 49.3 46.6 37.5 45.1 : : : : 32.3 34.8 33.22015 38.7 41.1 53.2 45.3 48.7 39.1 35.5 49.5 46.2 37.7 44.7 : : : : 32.6 35.8 33.32016 35.1 40.2 52.6 46.5 45.4 38.7 31.9 50.7 46.0 38.2 44.7 : : : : 33.0 35.8 32.92017 36.0 40.5 52.6 46.2 44.6 39.8 30.9 50.7 45.9 38.7 44.8 : : : : 31.4 35.8 33.72018 38.3 41.7 52.0 46.3 44.4 41.4 32.3 50.6 46.2 38.7 45.1 27.8 : : : 31.2 35.9 31.22019 39.3 41.8 52.7 47.1 44.1 41.0 32.2 50.0 46.0 38.9 45.0 27.5 42.1 28.3 : 31.8 36.1 31.32020 39.4 41.9 50.6 46.8 43.3 41.8 32.7 50.0 45.9 39.0 44.8 27.5 41.6 28.6 : 30.6 36.5 31.4

2021 39.3 42.1 49.5 46.3 43.0 41.1 33.0 49.8 45.6 39.1 44.6 27.7 41.3 28.7 : 30.6 36.7 31.4


154


73. Gross fixed capital formation; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.6 :

1980 : : : : : : 4.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 :

1985 : : : : : : 4.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 :

1990 : 4.6 4.5

1991 : 3.1 : : : : 4.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.7 : 1992 : 3.3 : : : : 4.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.8 : 1993 : 3.1 : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.0 : 1994 : 2.9 : : : : 4.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 : 1995 2.2 2.6 5.4 2.3 3.9 4.4 4.2 2.6 4.4 2.1 3.2 3.7 3.0 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.1 3.3 3.7 3.31996 2.1 2.5 4.9 2.5 4.1 3.7 4.1 2.7 5.1 2.5 2.4 4.7 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.9 4.0 4.7 4.0 3.21997 2.1 2.3 4.6 2.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 2.7 4.9 1.6 2.3 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.0 5.6 3.7 6.2 4.4 3.11998 2.1 2.3 5.3 2.7 5.1 3.9 3.7 2.8 2.8 1.6 2.5 4.7 4.6 3.5 2.9 5.1 3.7 4.8 4.1 3.11999 2.4 2.4 4.7 3.1 5.4 3.9 3.8 2.9 3.1 1.8 2.6 4.3 4.5 3.8 2.8 4.9 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.22000 2.4 2.3 4.4 3.5 5.1 3.7 3.9 2.8 3.3 1.8 2.4 3.8 3.9 3.7 2.7 4.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.1

2001 2.1 2.3 4.6 4.2 5.9 3.8 3.9 3.0 3.2 1.5 2.3 4.4 3.5 3.9 2.4 5.0 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.22002 2.1 2.2 5.9 4.2 4.9 4.1 3.8 2.5 3.6 1.6 3.0 4.7 4.1 4.2 2.6 4.6 3.7 4.1 3.7 3.12003 2.1 2.1 5.2 3.7 5.9 4.2 3.9 3.1 4.0 2.8 3.1 5.1 4.5 4.2 2.5 4.4 3.8 3.2 3.9 3.22004 2.0 1.9 4.4 3.5 5.7 4.0 4.0 3.2 4.2 3.4 3.6 4.7 3.8 3.9 2.4 4.4 4.0 2.9 3.9 3.22005 2.1 1.9 4.6 3.5 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.6 5.0 4.6 3.7 2.9 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.22006 1.9 2.0 5.4 3.8 5.7 4.4 3.9 3.2 3.4 4.8 4.3 3.3 4.0 3.9 2.9 3.4 4.3 3.8 3.3 3.32007 2.0 2.0 6.0 4.7 4.9 4.7 3.9 3.2 3.1 5.9 5.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.0 3.2 4.6 3.2 3.5 3.32008 2.0 2.1 6.2 5.3 5.6 4.7 3.9 3.2 3.2 5.2 5.4 3.7 2.5 4.0 3.2 3.7 4.7 3.4 3.6 3.42009 2.3 2.4 6.0 3.8 5.7 5.2 4.3 3.7 4.2 4.8 4.4 4.4 2.4 4.3 3.4 4.1 5.1 3.9 3.9 3.72010 2.2 2.4 4.8 3.4 3.7 4.7 4.2 3.1 4.2 4.6 5.0 4.7 2.2 4.2 3.2 5.3 5.0 3.6 3.6 3.5

2011 2.4 2.3 5.0 2.5 2.5 3.8 4.0 2.9 4.0 4.9 4.7 4.1 2.8 4.1 3.0 3.5 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.22012 2.5 2.2 6.3 2.0 2.5 2.6 4.0 2.6 2.9 4.9 4.0 4.0 3.3 3.8 2.9 2.5 4.0 3.2 4.0 2.92013 2.3 2.2 5.5 2.0 3.4 2.3 4.0 2.5 2.3 4.4 3.8 3.5 2.9 3.7 3.0 2.2 4.3 3.3 4.2 2.92014 2.6 2.1 5.0 2.2 3.7 2.2 3.7 2.3 2.1 4.5 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.0 5.1 4.1 4.2 2.72015 2.5 2.1 5.2 1.8 3.8 2.5 3.4 2.4 2.2 4.6 3.7 3.9 4.2 3.6 3.0 2.3 4.8 6.4 3.7 2.72016 2.4 2.2 4.7 1.9 3.5 2.0 3.4 2.3 2.5 3.5 3.0 3.9 2.5 3.5 3.0 1.5 3.1 3.4 4.1 2.62017 2.4 2.3 5.7 1.8 4.4 2.0 3.3 2.2 2.7 4.4 3.2 4.0 2.4 3.4 3.1 1.8 3.0 3.4 4.1 2.62018 2.6 2.4 5.3 2.0 3.0 2.1 3.4 2.1 5.7 5.4 3.2 3.9 3.1 3.3 3.0 1.9 3.6 3.7 4.2 2.72019 2.6 2.5 5.4 2.3 3.5 2.1 3.5 2.2 2.1 5.6 3.5 4.1 4.4 3.4 3.0 2.0 3.8 3.4 4.2 2.82020 2.7 2.6 5.2 2.4 3.8 2.1 3.5 2.3 2.1 4.9 3.7 4.3 4.1 3.4 3.0 2.2 3.9 3.0 4.3 2.8

2021 2.8 2.7 5.2 2.4 3.9 2.1 3.5 2.4 2.1 4.8 3.6 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.0 2.3 4.0 3.1 4.3 2.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

155


73. Gross fixed capital formation; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.7

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 4.7

1990 : : : : : : : : : 2.7 : : : : : : 4.7 4.6

1991 : : : : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : 4.7 4.51992 : : : : : : : : : 2.5 : : : : : : 5.3 4.31993 : : : : : : : 5.3 : 2.4 : : : : : : 6.0 4.01994 : : : : : : : 5.6 : 2.4 : : : : : : 6.5 3.81995 0.7 5.6 2.9 : 0.6 2.7 4.2 5.1 : 2.2 : : : : : : 6.3 3.81996 0.5 4.7 3.1 : 1.9 3.0 3.9 4.9 : 1.8 : : : : : : 6.6 3.71997 1.3 4.4 2.9 : 2.9 3.4 2.7 4.3 : 1.6 : : : : : : 6.0 3.61998 3.5 4.4 2.7 : 3.5 3.4 1.8 4.3 : 1.7 : : : : : : 5.8 3.61999 4.1 3.8 2.7 : 3.4 3.0 1.6 4.4 : 1.7 : : : : : : 6.2 3.62000 3.9 4.6 2.8 : 3.6 1.9 3.5 3.9 : 1.7 : : : : : : 5.5 3.6

2001 3.9 4.2 3.0 5.2 3.9 2.8 2.7 4.1 3.2 1.9 3.0 : : : : : 5.4 3.72002 3.4 4.1 2.7 5.6 5.1 2.8 3.2 4.3 3.2 2.0 3.0 : : : : : 5.2 3.82003 3.2 7.7 2.6 7.4 3.8 2.8 3.6 4.2 3.3 2.1 3.1 : : : : : 4.7 3.82004 3.4 5.0 2.8 6.6 3.8 2.9 2.8 4.1 3.2 2.4 3.1 : : : : : 4.2 3.82005 3.7 5.2 2.7 5.7 4.2 3.3 2.9 4.1 3.3 3.0 3.2 : : : : : 4.0 3.72006 4.2 5.2 2.9 5.7 5.1 3.9 5.3 4.1 3.4 2.5 3.2 : : : : : 3.8 3.82007 5.2 4.8 3.0 6.2 4.2 4.4 6.2 4.1 3.4 2.5 3.3 : : : : : 3.6 3.92008 5.6 5.3 3.0 6.2 3.2 4.7 6.5 4.3 3.5 2.9 3.4 : : : : : 3.5 4.02009 4.9 6.0 3.1 6.0 3.4 5.0 5.8 4.5 3.8 3.3 3.7 : : : : 3.8 3.9 4.22010 4.6 5.1 3.3 3.9 3.7 5.6 5.7 4.5 3.6 3.2 3.5 : : : : 3.5 3.7 4.0

2011 3.4 4.5 3.3 3.7 3.3 5.9 5.5 4.4 3.4 2.9 3.3 : : : : 3.1 3.6 3.92012 3.4 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.7 4.8 4.5 3.1 2.7 3.1 : : : : 3.1 3.6 3.62013 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.4 3.0 2.6 3.0 : : : : 3.6 3.9 3.42014 5.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 5.4 4.7 4.3 4.4 3.0 2.7 2.9 : : : : 3.2 3.9 3.22015 6.6 5.1 3.6 3.4 6.5 4.5 5.2 4.2 3.0 2.7 2.9 : : : : 3.3 3.7 3.22016 2.7 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.6 4.4 2.8 2.6 2.7 : : : : 3.6 3.6 3.22017 2.3 3.4 3.4 2.8 4.5 3.8 2.6 4.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 : : : : 4.0 3.7 3.22018 3.1 4.2 3.5 3.5 5.8 4.7 2.7 4.9 2.9 2.7 2.9 : : : : 3.8 3.6 3.22019 4.2 4.3 3.5 4.1 6.4 4.5 3.0 4.9 3.0 2.8 3.0 : : 2.0 : 3.6 3.7 3.42020 4.2 4.4 3.5 4.4 5.4 4.5 3.4 5.0 3.1 2.8 3.0 : : 2.5 : 3.5 3.8 3.4

2021 4.5 4.5 3.5 4.4 5.4 4.5 3.6 5.0 3.1 2.8 3.1 : : 3.0 : 3.5 3.9 3.3


156


74. Other capital expenditure, including capital transfers; general government ESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.4 :

1980 : : : : : : 1.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 0.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.5 :

1990 : 1.3 0.5

1991 : 2.2 : : : : 1.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.7 : 1992 : 1.7 : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.6 : 1993 : 1.5 : : : : 1.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.7 : 1994 : 1.3 : : : : 1.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.9 : 1995 1.2 7.8 0.2 1.5 0.9 2.0 1.6 2.3 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.7 5.3 1.8 0.8 8.5 5.4 2.9 4.11996 1.2 1.3 0.4 1.1 0.5 1.6 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.9 2.6 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.9 0.8 1.2 6.5 1.5 1.31997 1.5 1.3 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.8 12.8 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.9 0.3 1.21998 1.4 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.7 2.2 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.6 1.9 1.4 2.0 2.3 0.3 1.31999 1.3 1.4 0.5 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.5 0.8 2.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.4 1.6 1.0 1.9 5.6 0.7 1.32000 1.3 1.6 0.4 1.0 2.6 1.4 0.9 1.4 0.6 2.3 2.1 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.5 1.6 10.0 0.4 1.3

2001 1.1 1.7 0.3 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.6 2.2 1.8 -0.6 0.7 0.9 1.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.4 1.32002 0.9 1.6 0.4 0.8 2.3 1.4 1.0 1.6 0.6 2.2 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.7 1.5 0.4 1.1 3.6 0.4 1.32003 1.5 1.7 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.3 3.6 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.4 1.0 0.2 1.32004 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.9 2.3 1.8 1.0 1.3 0.3 1.0 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.4 5.0 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.3 1.42005 3.6 1.6 0.2 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.6 0.9 0.3 1.4 0.1 0.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.6 0.3 1.32006 1.1 1.4 0.1 0.7 -0.6 1.3 1.1 2.4 0.8 1.5 0.3 1.7 0.6 0.2 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.2 1.32007 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.1 0.2 1.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.2 1.12008 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.0 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.4 1.3 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.3 1.32009 1.6 1.4 1.4 3.5 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.5 1.5 0.6 1.2 2.2 0.8 0.8 1.9 0.4 1.42010 1.6 2.5 -0.4 22.0 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.6 2.1 0.4 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.9 0.6 0.9 0.4 1.9

2011 2.3 1.2 -0.5 4.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.8 4.2 1.2 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.9 1.7 0.8 0.4 1.22012 2.7 1.1 0.8 0.9 4.5 4.5 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.1 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.62013 2.1 1.1 0.6 0.6 13.5 1.2 1.3 1.0 2.4 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.0 11.3 0.6 0.3 1.42014 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 10.1 0.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.4 2.4 4.1 2.4 0.5 0.3 1.22015 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.3 4.4 0.8 1.3 1.7 1.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 1.3 0.4 1.3 2.0 1.2 0.8 0.3 1.22016 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.92017 0.8 1.3 0.5 0.5 -0.8 0.6 1.6 1.7 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.8 2.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 1.12018 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.2 4.6 0.5 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.1 1.02019 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.3 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.92020 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.4 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.9

2021 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.4 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

157


74. Other capital expenditure, including capital transfers; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 0.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : 1.7 : : : : : : 1.7 0.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : 1.2 : : : : : : 1.8 0.21992 : : : : : : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : 2.0 0.11993 : : : : : : : 2.4 : 1.1 : : : : : : 2.2 0.11994 : : : : : : : 0.9 : 1.0 : : : : : : 2.3 0.11995 0.1 13.4 0.5 : 6.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 : 1.1 : : : : : : 2.3 0.01996 0.0 3.4 0.3 : 3.1 4.7 0.6 0.1 : 0.9 : : : : : : 2.4 0.01997 0.3 3.6 0.3 : 3.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 : 0.7 : : : : : : 1.9 0.01998 0.8 4.5 0.4 : 4.6 0.8 1.0 -0.5 : 0.6 : : : : : : 6.9 0.01999 0.4 3.2 0.3 : 2.4 0.3 1.5 0.3 : 0.6 : : : : : : 2.0 0.12000 0.4 2.3 0.3 : 2.7 0.4 1.0 0.1 : 0.6 : : : : : : 2.9 0.1

2001 0.3 4.9 -0.2 1.2 2.8 0.5 1.4 0.1 1.3 0.8 1.2 : : : : : 1.9 0.12002 0.9 5.1 0.1 2.5 4.0 0.5 1.4 0.2 1.3 0.8 1.2 : : : : : 1.7 0.12003 0.5 5.0 0.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 1.4 0.2 1.3 0.9 1.2 : : : : : 1.8 0.22004 0.4 2.4 0.1 2.5 1.5 0.4 2.5 0.1 1.3 0.7 1.2 : : : : : 1.3 0.32005 0.4 2.5 -0.1 1.8 1.4 0.9 1.5 0.3 1.3 0.9 1.2 : : : : : 1.4 0.42006 -0.1 1.8 -0.1 1.5 1.9 0.8 1.7 0.1 1.2 0.8 1.1 : : : : : 1.1 0.12007 2.9 1.5 0.0 1.3 2.0 0.4 1.5 0.1 1.0 0.8 1.0 : : : : : 1.0 0.22008 0.1 1.3 0.6 1.5 1.4 0.6 1.0 0.1 1.2 2.7 1.4 : : : : : 1.1 0.62009 0.2 0.9 0.3 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.1 1.3 1.8 1.4 : : : : 0.9 1.9 1.02010 0.3 0.9 0.4 2.6 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.1 1.7 1.2 1.6 : : : : 1.3 1.2 0.5

2011 0.3 1.1 0.8 2.9 2.6 0.6 2.5 0.3 1.2 0.9 1.2 : : : : 1.1 1.4 0.42012 0.6 2.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.4 1.6 0.2 1.5 1.4 1.5 : : : : 1.2 1.4 0.32013 0.5 0.9 0.2 1.3 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.2 1.3 0.9 1.2 : : : : 0.6 1.4 0.12014 3.8 1.3 0.5 1.7 2.0 0.4 1.3 0.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 : : : : 0.6 1.2 0.12015 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.5 2.8 0.4 1.2 0.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 : : : : 0.6 1.1 -0.12016 1.4 0.7 0.2 1.9 2.4 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 : : : : 0.4 1.0 0.12017 1.1 0.7 0.1 1.3 2.2 0.8 1.0 0.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 : : : : 1.0 0.9 0.22018 1.0 0.7 0.4 1.9 2.0 0.4 1.4 0.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 : : : : 1.0 0.9 0.12019 1.0 0.7 0.2 1.9 2.0 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.9 1.3 0.9 : : -3.6 : 1.0 0.9 0.12020 1.0 0.7 0.2 1.4 2.2 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.8 1.3 0.9 : : -3.8 : 1.0 0.9 0.1

2021 0.9 0.7 0.2 1.4 2.0 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.8 1.4 0.9 : : -4.2 : 1.0 0.9 0.1


158


75. Total expenditure; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 38.6 :

1980 : : : : : : 46.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 40.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 52.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 46.3 :

1990 : 50.1 47.9

1991 : 46.5 : : : : 51.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.7 : 1992 : 47.3 : : : : 52.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 61.8 : 1993 : 48.2 : : : : 55.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 64.2 : 1994 : 48.3 : : : : 54.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 62.6 : 1995 52.6 55.1 39.7 40.8 46.0 44.1 54.8 51.6 30.9 35.7 34.6 40.7 39.1 53.7 55.8 42.6 53.1 48.4 61.1 52.91996 53.1 49.4 39.0 39.0 45.1 42.8 54.9 51.5 32.9 35.5 36.6 41.1 41.6 47.0 55.6 43.1 45.1 53.3 59.5 50.41997 51.6 48.6 36.8 36.5 43.7 41.5 54.5 49.5 34.2 35.2 50.3 41.2 41.7 45.5 52.3 42.5 45.4 48.7 56.1 49.11998 51.0 48.1 39.1 34.6 45.1 40.9 52.9 48.2 34.2 38.1 41.2 41.8 41.5 44.3 52.2 42.7 46.2 45.9 52.3 48.21999 50.5 48.2 40.1 32.9 46.2 39.9 52.6 47.2 34.1 40.9 40.8 39.4 41.8 43.4 52.1 42.6 47.0 48.0 51.0 47.72000 49.4 47.8 36.3 30.9 46.4 39.1 51.7 46.5 34.4 37.2 39.4 37.8 40.2 42.2 51.0 42.7 47.5 52.8 47.9 46.9

2001 49.4 47.4 34.9 32.5 46.0 38.4 51.7 47.3 35.3 34.8 37.1 38.2 41.7 42.9 51.4 44.1 48.7 45.3 47.3 46.92002 49.9 47.9 35.9 33.2 45.8 38.6 52.8 46.7 37.0 35.1 35.1 41.4 41.4 43.6 51.1 43.7 47.3 45.4 48.5 47.22003 51.0 48.3 35.0 33.0 46.6 38.4 53.3 47.2 40.5 33.5 33.6 43.5 45.2 44.5 51.3 45.4 47.2 40.4 49.3 47.62004 49.3 46.8 34.1 33.2 47.6 38.8 53.0 46.9 38.5 34.7 34.0 43.8 42.2 43.5 53.7 46.2 46.6 37.9 49.1 47.02005 51.9 46.8 33.7 33.4 45.6 38.5 53.3 47.2 39.3 34.2 34.1 43.6 42.2 42.2 51.2 46.8 46.4 39.7 49.0 47.02006 48.8 45.2 33.4 33.9 45.1 38.4 52.9 47.8 38.7 36.0 34.3 39.7 42.3 43.0 50.4 45.2 45.5 38.8 48.1 46.32007 48.6 43.4 33.7 35.9 47.1 39.3 52.6 46.8 37.6 34.1 35.3 37.8 41.1 42.3 49.2 44.5 43.4 36.4 46.6 45.62008 50.8 44.2 39.4 41.8 50.8 41.4 53.3 47.8 38.4 37.7 38.1 39.7 42.6 43.1 49.9 45.3 45.1 37.0 47.9 46.82009 54.7 48.2 45.6 47.0 54.1 46.2 57.2 51.1 42.1 44.4 44.9 45.1 41.9 47.6 54.1 50.2 49.4 44.4 54.1 50.92010 53.9 48.1 39.9 65.1 52.5 46.0 56.9 49.9 41.8 45.3 42.5 44.1 41.1 47.9 52.8 51.9 50.2 42.2 53.9 50.9

2011 55.3 45.2 37.1 46.7 54.1 46.2 56.3 49.2 42.2 40.3 42.6 42.4 41.3 46.8 50.9 50.0 50.9 41.4 53.7 49.42012 56.5 44.9 39.0 42.1 55.8 48.7 57.1 50.6 42.0 37.9 36.2 44.1 42.7 46.8 51.2 48.9 49.4 41.0 55.4 50.02013 56.1 44.9 38.2 40.4 62.4 45.8 57.2 51.0 43.2 37.7 35.5 43.3 41.9 46.5 51.6 49.9 60.3 42.3 56.8 49.92014 55.6 44.3 37.5 37.5 50.3 45.1 57.2 50.9 49.4 38.0 34.7 42.0 41.1 45.7 52.4 51.7 50.8 43.3 57.3 49.32015 53.7 44.0 39.2 28.9 53.6 43.9 56.8 50.3 40.6 38.0 35.1 41.5 39.5 44.6 51.1 48.2 48.7 45.8 56.5 48.42016 53.1 44.3 39.5 27.7 49.0 42.4 56.6 49.0 37.6 36.9 34.2 40.7 36.5 43.6 50.1 44.8 46.2 42.7 55.6 47.72017 51.9 44.4 39.3 26.1 47.4 41.2 56.4 48.7 36.9 38.0 33.2 41.8 35.9 42.4 49.1 45.4 44.1 41.5 53.7 47.22018 52.1 44.6 39.1 25.4 47.0 41.7 56.0 48.4 43.6 38.5 34.0 41.9 36.7 42.1 48.6 43.5 43.5 41.8 53.1 47.02019 52.3 45.3 39.2 25.0 46.4 41.7 55.5 48.9 37.9 37.6 34.9 43.1 38.1 42.3 48.3 43.4 43.6 41.8 53.0 47.12020 52.6 45.7 39.3 24.9 45.3 41.8 54.4 49.1 41.4 37.2 35.4 43.9 38.1 42.9 48.4 43.4 43.1 41.8 53.5 47.1

2021 52.8 45.9 39.2 24.4 44.4 41.9 54.0 49.0 41.9 36.7 35.1 44.0 38.0 42.9 48.1 43.1 42.8 41.5 53.4 47.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

159


75. Total expenditure; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 34.2

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 36.9

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 35.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.8 37.3

1990 : : : : : : : : : 35.6 : : : : : : 30.8 37.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : 36.5 : : : : : : 30.7 38.61992 : : : : : : : : : 38.7 : : : : : : 31.8 39.41993 : : : : : : : 70.0 : 38.6 : : : : : : 33.6 38.81994 : : : : : : : 67.6 : 38.3 : : : : : : : 37.81995 31.8 52.9 58.5 : 55.2 47.9 34.3 63.5 : 38.4 : : : : : : : 37.81996 36.8 41.8 58.0 : 51.0 51.1 33.2 61.4 : 36.8 : : : : : : : 37.11997 30.4 42.0 55.9 : 49.6 47.1 34.6 59.1 : 35.7 : : : : : : : 36.01998 33.9 42.1 55.4 : 50.8 45.1 35.6 56.8 : 35.4 : : : : : : : 35.11999 41.4 41.4 54.5 : 49.0 43.4 39.3 56.4 : 35.1 : : : : : : : 34.72000 40.8 41.0 52.7 : 47.3 42.1 38.5 53.3 : 35.3 : : : : : : : 34.3

2001 40.6 43.2 52.8 45.9 47.3 45.0 36.3 52.8 47.1 36.3 45.1 : : : : : : 35.62002 39.1 44.8 53.2 50.6 51.0 45.4 34.9 53.9 47.4 37.5 45.6 : : : : : : 36.72003 38.6 49.3 53.6 50.1 49.1 45.8 34.3 54.1 47.8 38.8 46.3 : : : : : : 37.32004 37.8 42.6 53.0 48.9 48.8 43.6 33.8 52.7 47.1 40.0 45.9 : : : : : : 36.92005 36.7 42.3 51.2 47.0 49.4 44.2 33.5 52.6 47.0 41.2 46.0 : : : : : 35.5 37.02006 33.7 41.4 49.8 46.5 51.4 44.4 35.6 51.3 46.4 40.7 45.4 : : : : : 35.0 36.72007 37.7 40.4 49.6 45.6 49.9 42.9 37.5 49.6 45.6 40.9 44.8 : : : : : 35.0 37.42008 37.1 40.6 50.4 45.7 48.8 44.0 37.6 50.2 46.7 44.3 46.3 : : : : : 36.1 39.82009 39.3 44.2 56.5 48.8 50.7 44.8 39.4 52.4 50.6 47.2 50.2 : : : : 38.0 40.7 43.32010 36.4 43.5 56.7 48.5 49.2 45.8 40.0 50.4 50.5 47.4 50.1 : : : : 35.5 39.7 43.2

2011 33.9 43.0 56.4 48.9 49.4 43.9 39.5 49.8 49.1 45.8 48.6 : : : : 33.6 40.6 42.02012 34.4 44.5 58.0 48.3 49.4 42.9 37.3 51.0 49.7 45.6 49.0 : : : : 33.5 40.6 40.22013 37.9 42.6 55.8 48.2 50.2 42.6 35.4 51.8 49.5 43.9 48.7 : : : : 32.8 40.8 39.02014 43.3 42.4 55.2 48.7 50.3 42.4 35.3 50.9 49.0 43.1 48.0 : : : : 32.1 40.2 38.32015 40.4 41.7 54.4 48.6 50.6 41.7 36.1 49.5 48.1 42.3 47.0 : : : : 31.9 39.3 37.92016 35.0 39.5 52.4 47.6 47.2 41.1 34.5 49.7 47.3 41.5 46.3 : : : : 34.1 39.3 38.32017 35.0 38.9 50.9 45.4 47.0 41.2 33.6 49.3 46.7 41.1 45.9 : : : : 34.1 38.7 38.02018 36.5 40.7 51.2 46.1 46.7 41.6 35.2 49.8 46.7 41.0 45.8 : : : : 34.3 38.8 37.82019 38.2 41.7 50.5 47.0 45.9 42.0 35.8 49.8 46.8 41.1 45.9 : 44.7 30.8 : 34.7 39.0 2020 38.5 42.1 50.1 46.7 44.3 42.1 37.1 49.9 46.7 41.4 45.9 : 40.6 31.0 : 34.2 39.2

2021 38.4 42.4 49.5 46.3 43.8 41.9 39.1 49.7 46.6 41.3 45.8 : 38.8 30.9 : 33.9 39.1


160


76. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-); general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : 0.0 : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : -2.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 5.0 :

1980 : : : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.7 :

1985 : : : : : : -3.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 :

1990 : -2.4 5.3

1991 : -3.2 : : : : -2.9 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.9 : 1992 : -2.6 : : : : -4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : -5.3 : 1993 : -3.1 : : : : -6.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -8.1 : 1994 : -2.5 : : : : -5.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -6.5 : 1995 -4.5 -9.4 1.0 -2.1 -9.7 -6.8 -5.1 -7.2 -0.7 -1.4 -1.5 2.7 -3.5 -8.7 -6.1 -5.2 -8.1 -3.5 -5.9 -7.31996 -4.0 -3.6 -0.3 -0.2 -8.2 -5.9 -3.9 -6.6 -3.0 -0.4 -3.2 1.6 -7.7 -1.8 -4.5 -4.7 -1.1 -9.8 -3.2 -4.41997 -2.2 -2.9 2.2 1.3 -6.1 -3.9 -3.7 -3.0 -4.8 1.4 -11.8 2.8 -7.1 -1.6 -2.6 -3.7 -2.3 -6.3 -1.2 -3.11998 -1.0 -2.6 -0.7 2.0 -6.3 -2.6 -2.4 -3.0 -3.8 0.0 -3.0 3.2 -9.3 -1.4 -2.7 -4.4 -2.3 -5.3 1.6 -2.41999 -0.6 -1.7 -3.3 3.5 -5.8 -1.2 -1.6 -1.8 -4.0 -3.7 -2.8 3.5 -6.7 0.3 -2.6 -3.0 -3.0 -7.2 1.7 -1.52000 -0.1 -1.6 0.0 4.9 -4.1 -1.2 -1.3 -2.4 -2.2 -2.7 -3.2 5.9 -5.5 1.2 -2.4 -3.2 -3.6 -12.6 6.9 -1.3

2001 0.2 -3.0 0.2 1.0 -5.5 -0.5 -1.4 -3.2 -2.1 -2.0 -3.5 5.9 -6.1 -0.5 -0.7 -4.8 -4.5 -7.2 5.0 -2.02002 0.0 -3.9 0.4 -0.5 -6.0 -0.3 -3.2 -2.9 -4.1 -2.3 -1.9 2.4 -5.4 -2.1 -1.4 -3.3 -2.4 -8.2 4.1 -2.72003 -1.9 -3.7 1.8 0.3 -7.8 -0.4 -4.0 -3.2 -5.9 -1.5 -1.3 0.2 -9.0 -3.1 -1.8 -5.7 -2.6 -3.1 2.4 -3.12004 -0.2 -3.3 2.3 1.3 -8.8 -0.1 -3.6 -3.5 -3.7 -0.9 -1.4 -1.3 -4.3 -1.8 -4.8 -6.2 -1.9 -2.3 2.2 -2.92005 -2.7 -3.3 1.1 1.6 -6.2 1.2 -3.4 -4.1 -2.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 -2.6 -0.4 -2.5 -6.1 -1.3 -2.9 2.7 -2.62006 0.2 -1.7 2.9 2.8 -5.9 2.1 -2.4 -3.6 -1.0 -0.5 -0.3 1.9 -2.5 0.1 -2.5 -4.2 -1.2 -3.6 4.0 -1.52007 0.1 0.3 2.7 0.3 -6.7 1.9 -2.6 -1.3 3.2 -0.5 -0.8 4.2 -2.1 -0.1 -1.4 -2.9 0.0 -2.1 5.1 -0.62008 -1.1 -0.1 -2.6 -7.0 -10.2 -4.6 -3.3 -2.6 0.9 -4.2 -3.1 3.3 -4.2 0.2 -1.5 -3.7 -1.4 -2.5 4.2 -2.22009 -5.4 -3.2 -2.2 -13.8 -15.1 -11.3 -7.2 -5.1 -5.4 -9.5 -9.1 -0.7 -3.2 -5.1 -5.3 -9.9 -5.8 -8.1 -2.5 -6.22010 -4.1 -4.4 0.2 -32.1 -11.2 -9.5 -6.9 -4.2 -4.7 -8.6 -6.9 -0.7 -2.4 -5.2 -4.4 -11.4 -5.6 -7.5 -2.5 -6.3

2011 -4.3 -0.9 1.1 -12.8 -10.3 -9.7 -5.2 -3.6 -5.7 -4.2 -9.0 0.5 -2.4 -4.4 -2.6 -7.7 -6.6 -4.5 -1.0 -4.22012 -4.3 0.0 -0.3 -8.1 -8.9 -10.7 -5.0 -2.9 -5.6 -1.2 -3.1 0.3 -3.5 -3.9 -2.2 -6.2 -4.0 -4.4 -2.2 -3.72013 -3.1 0.0 0.2 -6.2 -13.2 -7.0 -4.1 -2.9 -5.8 -1.2 -2.6 1.0 -2.4 -2.9 -2.0 -5.1 -14.6 -2.9 -2.5 -3.02014 -3.1 0.6 0.7 -3.6 -3.6 -5.9 -3.9 -3.0 -8.7 -1.4 -0.6 1.3 -1.7 -2.2 -2.7 -7.4 -5.5 -3.1 -3.0 -2.52015 -2.4 0.9 0.1 -1.9 -5.6 -5.2 -3.6 -2.6 -1.0 -1.4 -0.3 1.4 -1.0 -2.0 -1.0 -4.4 -2.8 -2.7 -2.4 -2.02016 -2.4 1.2 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 -4.3 -3.5 -2.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.8 0.9 0.0 -1.5 -1.9 -1.9 -2.5 -1.7 -1.42017 -0.7 1.2 -0.8 -0.3 0.7 -3.0 -2.8 -2.4 1.7 -0.5 0.5 1.4 3.4 1.3 -0.7 -3.0 0.0 -1.0 -0.7 -0.92018 -0.7 1.9 -0.6 0.1 1.0 -2.5 -2.5 -2.2 -4.4 -0.7 0.6 2.7 1.9 1.5 0.2 -0.4 0.8 -1.1 -0.8 -0.52019 -1.7 1.2 -0.2 0.2 1.3 -2.3 -3.1 -2.2 3.7 -0.6 0.0 2.3 1.2 1.5 0.4 -0.1 0.5 -0.9 -1.1 -0.82020 -2.3 0.6 -0.2 0.3 1.0 -2.2 -2.2 -2.3 2.6 -0.6 0.0 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.5 -1.2 -1.4 -0.9

2021 -2.6 0.2 -0.2 0.6 1.1 -2.1 -2.2 -2.7 2.4 -0.6 0.0 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 -1.3 -1.6 -1.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

161


76. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-); general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -4.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -7.3

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -4.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -1.4 -6.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : -1.6 : : : : : : 2.0 -5.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : -2.7 : : : : : : 1.7 -6.11992 : : : : : : : : : -5.6 : : : : : : 0.6 -7.11993 : : : : : : : -10.7 : -6.8 : : : : : : -2.4 -6.31994 : : : : : : : -8.7 : -5.9 : : : : : : -3.8 -5.01995 -5.5 -12.4 -3.6 : -8.6 -4.2 -2.0 -7.0 : -5.2 : : : : : : -4.3 -4.61996 -8.1 -3.0 -2.5 : -4.4 -4.5 -3.6 -3.1 : -3.7 : : : : : : -4.9 -3.51997 0.8 -3.2 -1.2 : -5.6 -4.6 -4.4 -1.6 : -2.1 : : : : : : -3.5 -2.11998 1.1 -4.2 -0.4 : -7.4 -4.2 -3.2 0.9 : -0.3 : : : : : : -10.2 -0.91999 0.1 -3.1 0.9 : -5.2 -2.2 -4.4 0.6 : 0.6 : : : : : : -6.8 -0.52000 -0.5 -3.6 1.9 : -3.0 -3.0 -4.6 3.2 : 1.4 : : : : : : -7.4 0.3

2001 1.0 -5.5 1.1 -2.2 -3.9 -4.8 -3.5 1.4 -1.9 0.2 -1.5 : : : : : -6.2 -1.82002 -1.2 -6.4 0.0 -3.3 -8.8 -4.8 -1.9 -1.4 -2.7 -1.9 -2.6 : : : : : -7.4 -5.32003 -0.4 -6.9 -0.1 -4.5 -7.1 -6.1 -1.4 -1.2 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 : : : : : -7.5 -6.42004 1.8 -2.4 2.1 -5.0 -6.5 -5.0 -1.1 0.4 -2.7 -3.1 -2.8 : : : : : -5.3 -5.82005 1.0 -3.0 5.0 -3.7 -7.7 -4.0 -0.8 1.8 -2.3 -3.1 -2.5 -3.5 : 0.2 1.1 : -4.4 -4.42006 1.8 -2.2 5.0 -3.1 -9.2 -3.6 -2.1 2.2 -1.4 -2.8 -1.6 -3.4 3.3 -0.5 -1.4 : -3.0 -3.32007 1.1 -0.7 5.0 -2.2 -5.0 -1.9 -2.7 3.4 -0.5 -2.7 -0.9 -3.5 6.7 0.6 -1.8 : -2.8 -4.02008 1.6 -2.0 3.2 -2.8 -3.7 -3.6 -5.4 1.9 -2.0 -5.1 -2.5 -5.6 -0.5 -0.9 -2.5 : -4.1 -7.42009 -4.0 -5.5 -2.8 -6.0 -4.7 -7.3 -9.1 -0.7 -6.0 -10.1 -6.6 -7.1 -5.8 -2.6 -4.2 -6.2 -9.8 -13.12010 -3.1 -4.2 -2.7 -6.5 -4.4 -7.4 -6.9 0.0 -6.0 -9.3 -6.4 -3.1 -4.8 -2.4 -4.3 -2.7 -9.1 -12.4

2011 -2.0 -2.7 -2.1 -7.9 -5.2 -4.9 -5.4 -0.2 -4.1 -7.5 -4.6 -3.5 -5.4 -2.5 -4.5 -0.7 -9.1 -11.02012 -0.3 -3.9 -3.5 -5.3 -2.3 -3.7 -3.7 -1.0 -3.6 -8.2 -4.3 -3.4 -5.7 -3.8 -6.4 -0.2 -8.3 -9.22013 -0.4 -1.2 -1.2 -5.3 -2.5 -4.2 -2.1 -1.4 -2.9 -5.5 -3.3 -5.0 -5.2 -3.8 -5.1 0.2 -7.6 -5.82014 -5.4 -2.1 1.1 -5.3 -2.8 -3.6 -1.2 -1.5 -2.4 -5.6 -2.9 -5.2 -3.1 -4.2 -6.2 0.2 -5.4 -5.22015 -1.7 -0.6 -1.2 -3.3 -2.0 -2.6 -0.6 0.0 -1.9 -4.6 -2.4 -4.1 -7.3 -3.5 -3.5 0.6 -3.6 -4.62016 0.1 0.7 0.2 -1.1 -1.8 -2.4 -2.6 1.0 -1.3 -3.4 -1.7 -1.8 -2.8 -2.7 -1.2 -1.1 -3.5 -5.42017 1.1 1.6 1.7 0.8 -2.4 -1.5 -2.6 1.4 -0.8 -2.4 -1.0 -2.0 -5.6 -2.7 1.1 -2.8 -3.0 -4.32018 1.8 1.1 0.8 0.3 -2.3 -0.2 -3.0 0.8 -0.4 -2.3 -0.7 -1.6 -2.6 -1.8 0.6 -3.2 -2.9 -6.62019 1.1 0.2 2.2 0.1 -1.8 -1.0 -3.6 0.3 -0.7 -2.2 -0.9 -1.7 -2.6 -2.5 -0.1 -3.0 -2.9 -6.72020 0.9 -0.1 0.5 0.0 -1.0 -0.2 -4.4 0.1 -0.8 -2.4 -1.1 -1.3 1.0 -2.4 -0.5 -3.5 -2.7 -6.7

2021 0.9 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.8 -0.9 -6.1 0.1 -1.0 -2.2 -1.2 -1.1 2.5 -2.3 -0.5 -3.3 -2.4 -6.7


162

77. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) excluding interest; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.5 :

1980 : : : : : : 0.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.7 :

1985 : : : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1 :

1990 : 0.2 6.7

1991 : -0.5 : : : : -0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 : 1992 : 0.5 : : : : -1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.9 : 1993 : 0.1 : : : : -3.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -3.8 : 1994 : 0.8 : : : : -2.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.5 : 1995 4.5 -5.9 1.5 3.0 1.0 -1.9 -1.7 3.9 1.2 -0.6 -1.2 3.3 -1.7 -3.7 -2.1 0.4 -6.1 -1.1 -2.1 -2.11996 4.6 -0.1 0.3 4.2 2.1 -0.8 -0.3 4.4 -0.7 0.9 -2.4 2.2 -5.7 2.9 -0.6 0.1 0.9 -7.3 0.8 1.01997 5.7 0.5 2.5 5.0 2.3 0.7 -0.1 6.2 -2.5 2.3 -11.0 3.3 -4.6 2.8 1.0 0.1 0.0 -3.9 2.8 1.81998 6.4 0.8 -0.1 5.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 4.9 -0.9 0.7 -1.9 3.8 -6.4 2.8 0.9 -1.2 -0.2 -2.7 5.1 2.01999 6.3 1.4 -2.9 5.9 1.8 2.2 1.4 4.6 -1.1 -3.1 -1.4 3.9 -2.9 4.1 0.8 -0.1 -0.7 -3.8 4.6 2.42000 6.6 1.6 0.2 6.8 2.8 2.0 1.6 3.7 1.0 -1.8 -1.5 6.3 -1.5 4.5 1.2 -0.2 -1.3 -8.6 9.6 2.5

2001 6.8 0.0 0.4 2.4 0.8 2.5 1.6 2.9 1.1 -1.0 -2.0 6.3 -2.4 2.4 2.9 -1.8 -2.1 -3.2 7.5 1.82002 5.8 -0.9 0.7 0.8 -0.5 2.3 -0.2 2.6 -1.1 -1.6 -0.5 2.8 -1.5 0.4 2.1 -0.5 -0.2 -4.7 6.1 0.82003 3.6 -0.8 2.0 1.6 -2.9 1.9 -1.2 1.7 -2.7 -0.7 0.0 0.5 -5.5 -0.8 1.4 -3.0 -0.7 -0.6 4.2 0.12004 4.6 -0.5 2.6 2.4 -4.0 1.9 -0.8 1.1 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -1.1 -0.6 0.5 -1.8 -3.6 -0.3 -0.1 3.9 0.22005 1.7 -0.6 1.3 2.6 -1.5 3.0 -0.7 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.8 0.7 -3.6 0.2 -1.2 4.3 0.32006 4.4 1.1 3.0 3.8 -1.5 3.7 0.2 0.8 1.9 -0.1 0.4 2.2 1.2 2.1 0.6 -1.4 0.1 -2.1 5.5 1.32007 4.1 2.9 2.9 1.3 -2.2 3.5 0.1 3.4 6.0 -0.2 -0.2 4.5 1.3 1.9 1.8 0.1 1.2 -0.6 6.5 2.22008 2.9 2.5 -2.4 -5.7 -5.4 -3.0 -0.4 2.3 3.5 -3.6 -2.4 3.7 -0.8 2.2 1.5 -0.6 -0.3 -1.2 5.6 0.82009 -1.5 -0.5 -2.0 -11.8 -10.1 -9.6 -4.6 -0.7 -3.1 -8.0 -7.9 -0.3 0.0 -3.1 -2.2 -6.9 -4.5 -6.7 -1.2 -3.42010 -0.5 -1.9 0.3 -29.2 -5.2 -7.6 -4.4 0.0 -2.7 -6.8 -5.1 -0.2 0.7 -3.5 -1.5 -8.5 -4.0 -6.2 -1.2 -3.5

2011 -0.8 1.6 1.2 -9.5 -2.7 -7.3 -2.4 1.1 -3.5 -2.5 -7.1 1.0 0.8 -2.6 0.2 -3.3 -4.7 -2.9 0.4 -1.22012 -0.8 2.3 -0.2 -3.9 -3.6 -7.7 -2.4 2.2 -2.4 0.4 -1.2 0.9 -0.5 -2.2 0.5 -1.3 -2.0 -2.6 -0.7 -0.72013 0.1 1.9 0.3 -1.9 -9.0 -3.6 -1.8 2.0 -2.4 0.3 -0.8 1.5 0.4 -1.4 0.7 -0.3 -12.0 -1.0 -1.3 -0.22014 0.1 2.2 0.8 0.2 0.4 -2.5 -1.7 1.6 -5.5 0.0 1.0 1.7 1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -2.5 -2.3 -1.2 -1.8 0.12015 0.5 2.4 0.2 0.7 -2.1 -2.2 -1.6 1.6 2.2 -0.1 1.3 1.8 1.3 -0.7 1.3 0.1 0.4 -0.9 -1.3 0.32016 0.3 2.4 -0.5 1.6 3.7 -1.6 -1.7 1.5 2.8 1.1 1.6 2.1 3.0 1.2 0.5 2.3 1.1 -0.8 -0.7 0.72017 1.6 2.3 -0.7 1.7 3.8 -0.5 -1.0 1.3 4.2 0.4 1.6 1.7 5.2 2.3 1.1 0.8 2.5 0.5 0.3 1.02018 1.4 2.8 -0.5 1.7 4.3 -0.1 -0.8 1.5 -2.0 0.0 1.5 3.0 3.5 2.4 1.8 2.9 2.8 0.3 0.1 1.32019 0.2 2.1 -0.2 1.6 4.3 -0.1 -1.6 1.3 6.0 0.1 0.8 2.6 2.5 2.2 1.9 3.0 2.1 0.3 -0.3 0.92020 -0.4 1.4 -0.1 1.4 3.7 -0.1 -0.9 0.9 4.6 0.1 0.5 1.7 2.3 1.2 1.6 2.9 2.0 0.0 -0.7 0.6

2021 -0.9 0.9 -0.2 1.6 3.6 -0.1 -1.1 0.4 4.1 0.0 0.4 1.7 2.1 1.0 1.6 3.4 2.0 -0.2 -0.9 0.4

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

163

77. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) excluding interest; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -2.7

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.8 0.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : 1.5 : : : : : : 5.5 1.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : -0.1 : : : : : : 5.1 0.31992 : : : : : : : : : -3.0 : : : : : : 4.0 -0.91993 : : : : : : : -6.4 : -4.3 : : : : : : 0.9 -0.31994 : : : : : : : -4.0 : -3.1 : : : : : : -0.5 0.81995 4.2 -11.4 2.2 : 0.1 1.4 -0.4 -1.9 : -2.1 : : : : : : -1.0 1.41996 7.6 -1.9 3.1 : 4.7 -0.1 -1.8 2.1 : -0.7 : : : : : : -1.6 2.31997 7.2 -2.1 3.8 : 2.9 -0.1 0.0 3.5 : 1.0 : : : : : : -0.3 3.51998 4.7 -3.1 4.1 : -0.3 -0.2 0.7 5.2 : 2.7 : : : : : : -6.9 4.31999 3.6 -2.2 5.0 : 1.5 0.7 0.6 4.5 : 3.2 : : : : : : -3.5 4.22000 3.5 -2.8 5.6 : 2.3 0.0 -0.6 6.5 : 3.8 : : : : : : -4.2 4.8

2001 5.2 -4.6 4.5 -0.4 0.8 -1.7 0.0 4.1 1.7 2.3 1.8 : : : : : -3.5 2.42002 1.1 -5.3 3.1 -1.6 -4.8 -2.0 0.5 1.5 0.7 -0.1 0.5 : : : : : -5.0 -1.32003 1.8 -5.8 2.6 -2.9 -3.1 -3.1 0.2 0.9 0.1 -1.3 -0.2 : : : : : -5.4 -2.42004 3.6 -1.3 4.6 -3.2 -2.2 -2.3 0.4 2.1 0.2 -1.2 0.0 : : : : : -3.5 -1.92005 2.6 -1.9 7.0 -1.9 -3.6 -1.5 0.4 3.6 0.5 -1.2 0.2 : : : : : -2.7 -0.52006 3.1 -1.1 6.8 -1.5 -5.4 -1.2 -1.3 3.9 1.3 -0.8 1.0 : : : : : -1.2 0.62007 2.2 0.4 6.6 -0.6 -1.0 0.3 -2.1 5.1 2.3 -0.5 1.8 : : : : : -0.9 0.12008 2.4 -1.0 4.6 -1.0 0.3 -1.5 -4.7 3.5 0.8 -3.0 0.2 : : : : : -2.2 -3.42009 -3.3 -4.2 -0.9 -3.8 -0.2 -4.8 -7.6 0.5 -3.3 -8.3 -4.0 : : : : -1.6 -7.8 -8.92010 -2.4 -2.9 -0.8 -4.1 -0.3 -4.9 -5.4 1.0 -3.3 -6.4 -3.8 : : : : 1.2 -7.2 -8.2

2011 -1.3 -1.4 -0.1 -5.2 -1.0 -2.3 -3.8 0.9 -1.2 -4.4 -1.7 : : : : 2.3 -7.1 -6.62012 0.5 -2.5 -1.7 -2.3 2.3 -1.1 -1.9 -0.1 -0.7 -5.3 -1.4 : : : : 2.7 -6.3 -5.02013 0.3 0.1 0.4 -2.2 2.0 -1.7 -0.3 -0.6 -0.3 -2.7 -0.6 : : : : 2.6 -5.7 -1.82014 -4.6 -0.8 2.6 -1.9 1.2 -1.7 0.5 -0.8 0.1 -2.9 -0.4 : : : : 2.5 -3.5 -1.32015 -0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 1.5 -0.9 1.0 0.6 0.3 -2.3 -0.1 : : : : 2.6 -1.7 -0.92016 1.0 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.4 -0.7 -1.1 1.5 0.7 -0.9 0.4 : : : : 0.9 -1.7 -1.52017 1.9 2.3 2.5 3.5 0.3 0.1 -1.4 1.9 1.0 0.2 0.9 : : : : -0.6 -1.3 -0.42018 2.4 1.8 1.6 2.6 0.1 1.2 -1.8 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.1 0.6 : : : -0.8 -1.1 -2.72019 1.7 0.9 2.9 2.3 0.6 0.3 -2.4 0.8 0.9 0.0 0.7 0.5 -0.6 -1.1 1.9 -0.1 -1.1 -2.82020 1.4 0.6 1.2 1.9 1.4 1.0 -3.2 0.7 0.6 -0.2 0.5 0.7 3.0 -1.1 1.4 -0.7 -1.0 -2.7

2021 1.5 0.4 0.7 1.8 1.6 0.3 -4.8 0.7 0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.8 4.5 -1.0 1.3 -0.3 -0.7 -2.7


164

78. General government consolidated gross debtExcessive deficit procedure (based on ESA 2010) and former definitions (linked series) (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

1970 60.4 17.8 : 47.6 18.1 14.2 : 35.9 : : : 26.2 : : 18.5 : : : 11.4 : :

1975 56.1 23.6 : 56.6 18.4 11.7 : 54.9 : : : 16.9 : 38.5 22.9 18.9 : : 6.5 : :

1980 74.6 30.3 : 66.9 22.7 16.0 21.0 54.4 : : : 12.9 : 43.2 35.5 29.1 : : 11.2 : 33.0

1985 116.0 39.5 : 97.4 48.9 40.2 31.0 78.2 : : : 13.4 : 66.5 48.1 55.7 : : 15.8 : 49.8

1990 126.6 41.3 90.2 72.5 41.5 35.6 91.6 6.1 73.3 56.3 52.5 13.8 55.9

1991 128.0 38.7 : 91.6 74.8 42.2 36.3 94.8 : : : 5.3 : 73.0 56.5 54.8 : : 21.9 : 56.31992 129.6 41.2 : 88.7 80.0 44.6 40.1 101.3 : : : 6.2 : 73.8 56.4 49.3 : : 39.2 : 58.11993 135.2 44.9 : 91.1 100.3 55.6 46.5 111.0 : : : 7.8 : 74.8 61.0 53.8 : : 54.1 : 63.91994 133.1 47.3 : 85.9 98.3 58.2 49.8 116.9 : : : 7.2 : 72.2 64.1 56.5 : : 56.1 : 66.71995 131.2 54.9 8.0 78.5 99.0 61.5 56.1 116.5 47.8 13.9 11.5 9.6 34.4 72.6 68.3 58.3 18.2 21.6 55.2 70.9 71.31996 129.0 57.8 7.5 69.9 101.3 65.4 60.0 116.0 49.1 13.3 13.9 9.5 38.7 70.7 68.3 59.5 21.6 30.4 55.3 72.8 73.31997 124.2 58.9 6.9 61.6 99.5 64.2 61.4 113.5 53.0 10.7 15.4 9.3 46.6 65.1 63.5 55.2 22.1 32.9 52.2 72.3 72.81998 119.1 59.5 5.9 51.5 97.4 62.3 61.3 110.5 54.7 9.0 16.5 8.9 51.2 61.9 63.9 51.8 22.7 33.8 46.8 71.8 72.31999 115.3 60.1 6.4 46.6 98.9 60.8 60.5 109.4 54.8 12.1 22.7 7.8 62.1 57.8 66.7 51.1 23.7 47.0 44.1 70.7 71.12000 109.6 59.1 5.1 36.1 104.9 57.8 58.9 109.0 55.7 12.1 23.5 7.2 60.9 52.1 66.1 54.2 25.9 50.5 42.5 69.0 69.4

2001 108.2 57.9 4.8 33.2 107.1 54.0 58.3 108.9 57.3 13.9 22.9 7.3 65.2 49.4 66.7 57.4 26.1 51.1 40.9 68.0 68.42002 105.4 59.7 5.7 30.6 104.9 51.2 60.3 106.4 60.5 13.0 22.1 7.0 63.2 48.8 66.7 60.0 27.4 45.3 40.2 68.0 68.42003 101.7 63.3 5.6 29.9 101.5 47.7 64.4 105.5 63.8 13.7 20.4 6.9 69.0 50.0 65.9 63.9 26.8 43.2 42.7 69.3 69.82004 97.2 65.0 5.1 28.2 102.9 45.4 65.9 105.1 64.8 14.1 18.7 7.3 71.9 50.3 65.2 67.1 26.9 41.7 42.6 69.6 70.22005 95.1 67.3 4.7 26.1 107.4 42.4 67.4 106.6 63.4 11.4 17.6 7.4 70.0 49.8 68.6 72.2 26.4 34.7 39.9 70.3 71.02006 91.5 66.7 4.6 23.6 103.6 39.1 64.6 106.7 59.3 9.6 17.2 7.8 64.5 45.2 67.3 73.7 26.1 31.4 38.1 68.3 69.02007 87.3 64.0 3.8 23.9 103.1 35.8 64.5 103.9 54.0 8.0 15.9 7.7 62.3 43.0 65.0 72.7 22.8 30.3 33.9 65.9 66.82008 93.2 65.5 4.5 42.4 109.4 39.7 68.8 106.1 45.5 18.1 14.6 14.9 62.6 54.7 68.7 75.6 21.8 28.6 32.6 69.6 70.62009 100.2 73.0 7.2 61.5 126.7 53.3 83.0 116.6 54.3 36.2 28.0 15.7 67.6 56.8 79.9 87.8 34.5 36.4 41.5 80.2 81.12010 100.3 82.4 6.6 86.0 146.2 60.5 85.3 119.2 56.4 47.3 36.3 19.8 67.5 59.2 82.7 100.2 38.3 41.0 46.9 86.0 86.9

2011 103.5 79.8 6.1 111.1 172.1 69.9 87.8 119.7 65.9 43.1 37.2 18.7 70.2 61.7 82.4 114.4 46.5 43.5 48.3 88.4 89.32012 104.8 81.1 9.8 119.9 159.6 86.3 90.6 126.5 80.3 41.6 39.8 22.0 67.7 66.2 81.9 129.0 53.6 51.8 53.6 92.7 93.62013 105.5 78.7 10.2 119.9 177.4 95.8 93.4 132.4 104.0 39.4 38.7 23.7 68.4 67.7 81.3 131.4 70.0 54.7 56.2 94.9 95.82014 107.0 75.7 10.6 104.4 178.9 100.7 94.9 135.4 109.2 40.9 40.6 22.7 63.3 67.8 84.0 132.9 80.3 53.5 59.8 95.1 96.02015 105.2 72.1 10.0 76.7 175.9 99.3 95.6 135.3 107.5 36.7 42.7 22.0 57.8 64.6 84.9 131.2 82.6 51.9 63.0 93.0 93.92016 104.9 69.2 10.2 73.9 178.5 99.2 98.0 134.8 103.4 40.2 39.9 20.1 55.5 61.9 82.9 131.5 78.7 52.0 62.6 92.2 93.02017 101.8 65.3 9.3 67.8 176.2 98.6 98.4 134.1 93.9 38.6 39.3 22.3 50.3 56.9 78.3 126.0 74.1 51.3 60.9 89.8 90.72018 100.0 61.9 8.4 63.6 181.2 97.6 98.4 134.8 100.6 36.4 34.1 21.0 45.8 52.4 74.0 122.2 70.4 49.4 59.0 87.9 88.82019 99.5 59.2 8.7 59.0 175.2 96.7 98.9 136.2 93.8 36.0 36.3 19.6 43.3 48.9 69.9 119.5 66.7 48.1 59.2 86.4 87.42020 99.6 56.8 8.4 53.9 169.3 96.6 98.9 136.8 87.8 35.2 35.1 19.2 41.0 47.1 67.2 117.1 63.1 47.3 59.3 85.1 86.1

2021 100.0 55.0 8.2 52.6 163.1 96.0 99.2 137.4 81.8 32.9 34.8 18.6 38.7 45.6 64.6 113.7 59.5 46.9 59.8 84.1 85.2

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W 3) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.2 in 2010, 69.3 in 2011, 193.4 in 2012, 231.0 in 2013, 240.5 in 2014, 231.0 in 2015, 231.0 in 2016, 230.9 in 2017, 231.2 in 2018 4) Former Euro area 12; 1970-90 including D_W 5) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.0 in 2010, 68.6 in 2011, 190.0 in 2012, 226.9 in 2013, 236.3 in 2014, 226.9 in 2015, 226.9 in 2016,

165

78. General government consolidated gross debtExcessive deficit procedure (based on ESA 2010) and former definitions (linked series)

(Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

1970 : : : : : : : 25.4 : 73.6 : : : : : : : 10.8 44.4

1975 : : 7.0 : : : : 24.5 : 57.3 : : : : : : : 20.7 43.4

1980 : : 39.2 : : : : 37.2 : 48.2 : : : : : : : 49.6 41.3

1985 : : 74.7 : : : : 57.4 : 46.0 : : : : : : : 69.6 54.2

1990 : : 62.4 : : : : 39.0 : 28.9 : : : : : : : 64.2 62.2

1991 : : 63.2 : : : : 46.8 : 29.1 : 51.6 : : : : : 63.6 66.51992 : : 68.4 : : : : 58.9 : 33.2 : 53.9 : : : : : 68.2 68.81993 : : 80.5 : : : : 66.6 : 41.4 : 61.0 : : : : : 74.0 70.41994 : : 77.1 : : : : 68.9 : 40.1 : 62.8 : : : : : 85.0 69.61995 : 13.7 73.1 : 84.0 47.6 6.6 69.2 : 44.5 : 67.4 : : : : : 95.9 69.01996 : 11.6 69.9 : 71.3 42.4 10.6 69.8 : 44.1 : 69.4 : : : : : 101.0 68.31997 96.2 12.3 65.8 : 61.9 42.3 15.1 67.4 : 43.2 : 67.6 72.2 : : : : 106.7 65.91998 67.5 14.0 61.8 : 59.9 38.4 16.8 66.3 : 41.0 : 65.9 71.2 : : : : 117.9 62.71999 75.3 15.3 58.2 : 59.8 39.0 21.7 61.2 : 39.5 : 65.2 68.2 : 30.5 : : 131.1 59.12000 70.7 17.0 52.4 35.5 55.7 36.5 22.5 50.6 66.3 36.8 60.6 61.9 63.8 : 45.6 213.8 51.6 137.9 53.2

2001 64.5 22.8 48.5 36.6 52.3 37.3 25.9 52.2 65.5 34.0 59.9 61.1 60.6 : 45.2 100.6 76.1 146.8 53.12002 51.0 25.9 49.1 36.7 55.6 41.8 24.8 50.2 65.3 34.2 59.5 60.7 64.1 75.0 40.5 71.7 72.1 156.8 55.52003 43.4 28.3 46.2 38.2 58.1 46.6 22.1 49.7 66.6 35.4 61.1 62.4 60.2 39.9 36.5 67.6 65.7 162.7 58.62004 35.7 28.5 44.2 40.4 58.9 45.0 18.9 48.9 66.9 38.4 61.7 62.9 57.5 44.9 34.6 59.1 57.7 171.7 66.12005 26.6 27.9 37.4 41.3 60.6 46.4 15.9 49.1 67.1 39.6 62.2 63.8 58.1 38.2 36.7 46.2 50.8 176.8 65.42006 20.9 27.7 31.5 38.8 64.5 46.9 12.4 44.0 64.9 40.5 60.7 62.3 53.8 32.3 30.6 36.1 44.7 176.4 64.22007 16.3 27.5 27.3 37.4 65.6 44.2 11.9 39.2 62.2 41.5 58.1 59.9 50.6 27.4 23.5 28.1 38.2 175.4 64.62008 13.0 28.3 33.3 39.2 71.8 46.3 12.3 37.7 64.9 49.4 61.3 63.9 51.8 28.8 20.5 24.6 38.1 183.4 73.72009 13.7 33.6 40.2 48.6 78.2 49.4 21.8 40.9 75.7 63.3 74.0 76.5 55.9 38.1 23.6 30.3 43.9 201.0 86.72010 15.4 37.4 42.6 57.7 80.6 53.1 29.6 38.2 80.6 74.6 79.7 82.6 54.1 40.7 24.1 48.9 40.1 207.9 95.4

2011 15.2 39.8 46.1 64.3 80.8 54.1 34.0 37.3 82.4 80.1 82.5 85.7 55.6 45.4 27.7 43.5 36.5 222.1 99.72012 16.7 44.5 44.9 70.1 78.5 53.7 37.0 37.7 86.4 83.2 85.8 88.8 58.2 53.4 33.7 54.3 32.7 229.0 103.22013 17.1 44.9 44.0 81.0 77.3 55.7 37.6 40.5 88.4 84.2 88.0 91.1 61.7 57.5 34.0 56.7 31.4 232.5 104.72014 27.1 42.2 44.3 84.7 76.8 50.4 39.2 45.2 88.6 86.2 88.7 92.0 66.1 59.9 38.1 65.4 28.8 236.1 104.42015 26.0 40.0 39.8 84.4 76.1 51.3 37.8 43.9 86.6 86.9 86.5 89.6 68.7 66.2 38.1 70.7 27.6 231.6 104.72016 29.3 36.8 37.2 81.0 75.5 54.2 37.3 42.3 85.8 86.8 85.3 88.4 68.7 64.4 39.9 68.6 28.3 236.3 106.82017 25.3 34.7 35.5 78.0 72.9 50.6 35.1 40.7 83.3 86.2 83.6 86.9 66.9 64.2 39.5 60.1 28.2 235.0 106.02018 22.3 32.6 34.2 74.8 70.2 48.9 35.0 38.8 81.4 85.9 81.9 85.4 67.9 70.0 40.5 54.4 30.1 236.9 108.32019 21.1 31.5 33.0 71.2 68.2 47.4 35.5 34.6 79.8 85.2 80.6 84.2 66.6 77.8 41.9 52.1 31.4 236.7 110.82020 19.9 30.7 32.3 67.7 66.7 45.5 37.2 33.4 78.4 84.7 79.4 83.1 64.6 71.5 42.5 49.9 33.0 237.3 113.6

2021 18.6 30.1 31.7 64.4 64.4 44.3 40.6 32.0 77.4 84.2 78.4 82.2 62.6 62.7 42.7 48.0 34.3 236.3 116.7

1) EU excluding UK 2) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.2 in 2010, 69.3 in 2011, 193.9 in 2012, 232.0 in 2013, 241.5 in 2014, 232.0 in 2015, 232.0 in 2016, 230.9 in 2017, 231.2 in 2018 3) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.2 in 2010, 69.8 in 2011, 196.4 in 2012, 235.9 in 2013, 245.7 in 2014, 236.4 in 2015, 235.7 in 2016, 234.6 in 2017, 234.8 in 2018 4) Former EU-15 5) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.0 in 2010, 69.1 in 2011, 193.0 in 2012, 231.7 in 2013, 241.4 in 2014, 232.3 in 2015,

166

Main economic indicators 1961-2021

79. Belgium(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

1. Growth of GDP and its components (real)

1.1 Private consumption 4.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 1.0 1.8 1.1 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.31.2 Government consumption 5.5 2.5 1.2 1.9 2.0 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.21.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.1 -0.5 4.1 3.7 2.3 0.8 2.2 3.7 3.8 1.3 4.0 3.4 1.7 1.61.4 of which equipment : 0.2 4.1 7.0 1.7 -1.7 1.8 2.0 14.3 -3.1 5.1 3.4 1.5 1.21.5 of which construction : 0.3 4.2 0.3 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 2.5 1.6 3.2 3.6 1.7 1.81.6 Exports of goods and services 9.3 2.8 4.9 7.1 3.4 2.1 2.4 3.7 6.5 5.3 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.51.7 Imports of goods and services 8.9 2.0 5.4 7.0 2.9 2.4 2.5 3.9 7.5 4.4 2.1 0.6 1.6 1.91.8 GDP 4.9 1.9 2.3 2.9 1.9 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0

2. Demand components: Contribution to changes in GDP (%)

2.1 Consumption 3.5 1.9 1.5 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.92.2 Investment 1.1 -0.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.5 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 4.8 1.6 2.5 2.5 1.4 1.6 1.2 2.2 2.2 1.2 2.2 1.1 1.3 1.32.5 Exports 4.1 1.6 3.2 4.5 2.4 1.6 1.9 3.0 5.1 4.2 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.22.6 Final demand 8.9 3.2 5.7 7.0 3.8 3.2 3.1 5.1 7.3 5.4 3.1 1.6 2.3 2.62.7 Imports -3.9 -1.2 -3.4 -4.2 -1.9 -1.6 -1.9 -3.1 -5.8 -3.4 -1.7 -0.5 -1.3 -1.62.8 Net exports 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.7 0.7 -0.7 0.0 -0.3 -0.3

3. Gross savings and investment in % of GDP at current prices

3.1 Private sector savings : : : 25.7 24.9 26.2 24.2 24.6 24.6 23.6 22.6 23.7 24.2 24.43.2 Net savings of households : : 9.2 7.7 6.7 6.3 4.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.6 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.5 2.3 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.2 1.7 1.9 0.9 0.4 0.13.4 National savings 25.0 21.0 23.3 27.3 27.3 27.0 24.3 25.0 24.8 25.3 24.5 24.6 24.6 24.63.5 Gross capital formation 28.2 24.1 21.9 22.6 22.1 24.0 23.4 23.6 24.2 24.1 25.5 25.4 25.5 25.53.6 Current account 1.5 -1.2 2.9 4.7 5.1 3.1 0.8 1.4 0.6 1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.9 -1.0

4. Determinants of investment

4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 75.6 78.3 81.8 80.2 80.0 78.3 79.6 80.0 81.8 81.0 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.8 -0.7 -0.4 -0.2 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.24.3 Potential GDP gap : -1.0 -0.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 -0.7 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.4 -0.1 -0.64.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 70.9 89.2 85.5 86.8 83.0 74.0 84.3 89.3 90.0 87.7 86.4 85.8 85.0

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.5 2.6 2.4 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.0 2.9 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.25.4 Labour productivity growth 4.4 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.25.5 Total factor productivity growth 3.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3

6. Employment and unemployment

6.1 Employment 0.5 -0.3 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.86.2 Activity rate : : 62.4 65.8 67.8 69.0 69.2 70.0 70.2 70.8 70.8 71.3 71.7 72.16.3 Employment rate : : 57.4 60.2 62.7 63.7 63.8 64.3 64.9 65.9 66.7 67.5 68.0 68.4 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 7.6 8.4 8.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.5 7.8 7.1 6.0 5.5 5.4 5.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.2 9.6 4.2 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.4 0.1 0.6 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.17.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.4 2.3 2.1 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.47.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.5 7.2 2.5 0.7 1.5 2.2 1.8 -1.0 0.3 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.97.4 Real unit labour costs 0.5 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 0.5 0.2 -2.3 -1.4 -0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.2 -0.17.5 GDP deflator 4.0 6.7 2.8 1.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.07.6 Private consumption deflator 3.6 7.1 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.9 1.7 0.9 1.4 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.77.7 Terms of trade 0.2 -1.0 1.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 1.0 0.6 -0.6 -1.0 0.1 0.3 0.3

8. General government budget, % of GDP

8.1 Total expenditure : : : 51.1 50.3 51.3 55.9 53.7 53.1 51.9 52.1 52.3 52.6 52.88.2 Total revenue : : : 49.5 49.4 49.3 52.2 51.3 50.7 51.2 51.4 50.5 50.3 50.28.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -1.6 -0.9 -2.1 -3.7 -2.4 -2.4 -0.7 -0.7 -1.7 -2.3 -2.68.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -1.7 -1.0 -2.4 -3.3 -2.5 -2.5 -1.2 -1.2 -2.0 -2.2 -2.28.5 Debt (end of period) 58.2 116.0 131.2 109.6 95.1 100.3 107.0 105.2 104.9 101.8 100.0 99.5 99.6 100.0

9. Monetary conditions

9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.5 10.6 8.4 5.5 4.4 4.0 2.8 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 5.3 10.8 7.8 3.5 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.3 -0.1 0.6 2.0 1.5 1.2 2.2 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.5 3.8 5.5 4.3 2.4 2.2 1.3 -0.5 -1.2 -1.0 -0.7 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.3 1.8 0.4 0.4 -2.9 2.1 1.2 2.2 -0.5 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 100.0 100.2 104.1 103.1 100.0 102.9 104.6 107.0 105.8 105.4 104.9 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)

(a) Manufacturing industry (b) Private consumption deflator (c) GDP deflator

167


80. Germany(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.0 2.0 2.8 1.6 0.3 0.4 1.2 1.9 2.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.11.2 Government consumption 4.7 2.6 1.8 1.8 0.5 2.2 1.3 2.8 4.1 2.4 1.4 2.1 2.0 1.91.3 Gross fixed capital formation 3.9 0.1 3.4 2.1 -2.0 1.5 2.2 1.8 3.8 2.4 3.5 2.5 1.5 1.61.4 of which equipment 5.0 1.6 2.3 7.2 -0.4 1.8 1.8 4.4 3.0 4.0 4.4 0.6 0.4 1.71.5 of which construction 3.5 -1.2 3.7 -1.4 -4.0 0.6 2.3 -1.4 3.8 0.7 2.5 3.9 2.1 1.51.6 Exports of goods and services 7.4 4.9 4.5 8.9 6.0 4.1 4.2 5.5 2.4 4.9 2.1 0.8 1.6 1.91.7 Imports of goods and services 9.0 3.6 5.4 8.5 3.5 4.2 3.5 5.8 4.3 5.2 3.6 2.5 2.7 2.81.8 GDP 4.3 2.0 2.6 1.9 0.5 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.5 1.5 0.4 1.0 1.0


2.1 Consumption 3.4 1.6 : 1.7 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.6 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.92.2 Investment 1.1 0.0 : 0.4 -0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.32.3 Stockbuilding -0.1 -0.1 : -0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 4.4 1.5 : 2.0 -0.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.8 2.2 2.0 1.1 1.4 1.32.5 Exports 1.2 1.1 : 1.0 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.5 1.1 2.2 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.92.6 Final demand 5.6 2.7 : 3.0 1.6 2.7 3.1 4.0 3.9 4.5 3.0 1.5 2.1 2.22.7 Imports -1.2 -0.7 : -1.0 -1.0 -1.5 -1.4 -2.3 -1.7 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -1.1 -1.12.8 Net exports 0.0 0.4 : 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.6 0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.3


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 21.9 23.3 24.9 24.4 25.0 24.9 24.6 24.4 24.4 25.1 25.43.2 Net savings of households : : : 6.4 6.5 6.5 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.4 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 0.9 -0.1 1.6 2.9 3.6 4.0 4.4 5.0 4.4 3.9 3.63.4 National savings 27.3 22.6 : 22.8 23.2 26.5 27.3 28.6 28.9 29.0 29.4 28.9 29.0 28.93.5 Gross capital formation 27.2 21.8 : 23.8 20.7 20.4 20.4 20.0 20.2 20.7 21.8 21.9 22.2 22.53.6 Current account 0.8 0.8 : -1.0 2.5 6.1 6.9 8.6 8.6 8.3 7.6 7.0 6.8 6.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (b) (c) : 80.4 84.2 84.5 83.6 82.8 84.1 84.2 84.6 86.6 87.6 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap (b) : -0.3 : -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.4 1.3 1.4 0.5 0.1 -0.14.3 Potential GDP gap (b) : 0.1 : -0.1 -0.7 -0.6 0.0 -0.2 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.64.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) (a) 100.0 80.6 91.6 96.0 101.9 110.9 105.4 107.0 108.4 107.3 102.1 95.6 95.3 93.9

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) (a) 4.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.25.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) (b) 3.1 3.1 : 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.85.3 Growth of capital intensity (a) 4.1 2.2 1.2 1.0 1.3 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 0.4 1.1 1.15.4 Labour productivity growth (a) 4.0 1.8 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.2 -0.3 0.9 0.95.5 Total factor productivity growth (a) 2.4 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.3 -0.5 0.5 0.4


6.1 Employment (a) 0.2 -0.2 : -0.2 0.1 0.9 1.2 0.9 2.6 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.26.2 Activity rate (b) 68.6 66.3 : 70.4 71.8 76.1 78.0 78.5 79.7 80.3 80.5 81.0 81.0 81.06.3 Employment rate (b) 68.1 63.5 : 64.2 65.0 70.1 73.8 74.9 76.5 77.2 77.8 78.4 78.2 78.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate (b) 69.1 65.8 : 69.3 71.1 74.7 79.2 80.3 80.9 82.0 83.3 83.9 83.8 83.7 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate (b) 0.7 4.2 5.8 8.9 9.5 8.1 5.4 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.1 5.5 4.2 1.1 1.1 1.5 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.3 2.5 2.57.2 Real wages per head (d) 5.5 1.1 2.0 0.4 -0.3 0.1 1.2 2.3 1.6 1.1 1.4 2.0 1.3 1.17.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.9 3.6 2.6 0.2 0.2 1.1 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.5 2.7 3.6 1.6 1.77.4 Real unit labour costs 0.6 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.8 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.2 1.5 -0.4 -0.17.5 GDP deflator 4.3 4.0 2.8 0.3 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.77.6 Private consumption deflator 3.4 4.4 2.2 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.47.7 Terms of trade 1.4 -1.4 1.9 -0.7 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 2.3 1.7 -0.9 -0.9 0.7 1.0 0.2


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 48.4 47.4 45.8 44.9 44.0 44.3 44.4 44.6 45.3 45.7 45.98.2 Total revenue : : : 45.9 44.0 44.0 44.8 45.0 45.5 45.7 46.4 46.5 46.3 46.18.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.5 -3.5 -1.8 -0.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.2 0.6 0.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -2.4 -3.1 -1.5 -0.1 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.58.5 Debt (end of period) 17.7 39.5 : 59.1 67.3 82.4 75.7 72.1 69.2 65.3 61.9 59.2 56.8 55.0


9.1 Long-term interest rate (b) 7.2 8.2 7.1 5.2 4.2 3.6 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.4 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate (b) 5.8 6.8 6.4 3.5 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) (b) 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.7 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (b) (e) 2.7 4.0 : 3.9 3.1 2.4 0.1 -1.2 -1.1 -0.7 -1.1 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate (a) : : : -0.7 2.3 0.4 0.5 -3.9 2.4 1.4 2.9 -0.7 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate (a) : : : 111.5 108.0 109.2 103.7 100.0 101.7 102.8 105.4 103.9 103.1 102.3 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)

(a) 1961-91: West-Germany (b) 1961-90: West-Germany (c) Manufacturing industry (d) Private consumption deflator (e) GDP deflator

168


81. Estonia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption -4.5 -13.7 -0.9 3.5 4.4 3.6 3.6 5.0 4.6 2.8 4.3 3.4 3.0 2.61.2 Government consumption 4.5 -3.1 -0.7 2.3 3.1 2.7 1.3 3.0 2.4 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation -13.1 -37.2 -2.2 35.6 11.9 1.5 -2.7 -3.2 0.9 12.5 1.7 8.9 2.1 3.41.4 of which equipment -19.8 -44.6 9.7 39.6 18.5 0.9 1.7 -12.1 0.4 17.9 9.3 12.1 0.7 4.01.5 of which construction -11.2 -36.3 -8.6 35.3 8.4 1.1 -6.3 1.0 0.6 10.2 -3.0 6.2 2.4 2.41.6 Exports of goods and services 0.9 -20.3 24.2 24.2 4.8 2.8 2.6 -1.5 5.1 3.8 4.3 2.6 1.9 2.71.7 Imports of goods and services -6.2 -30.6 21.3 27.2 9.7 2.4 3.0 -1.9 6.0 4.2 5.7 3.4 2.1 2.71.8 GDP -5.1 -14.4 2.7 7.4 3.1 1.3 3.0 1.8 2.6 5.7 4.8 3.2 2.1 2.4


2.1 Consumption -1.6 -7.8 -0.6 2.3 2.8 2.3 2.1 3.1 2.8 1.7 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.52.2 Investment -4.8 -11.6 -0.5 7.5 3.1 0.4 -0.7 -0.8 0.2 2.9 0.4 2.1 0.5 0.92.3 Stockbuilding -3.1 -1.8 2.0 -1.4 1.5 -1.4 1.9 -0.7 1.8 -0.2 0.9 -0.3 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand -9.5 -21.2 0.9 8.4 7.4 1.3 3.3 1.6 4.8 4.4 3.7 3.7 2.2 2.42.5 Exports 0.6 -13.5 14.7 18.0 4.1 2.4 2.2 -1.2 3.9 3.0 3.3 1.9 1.4 1.92.6 Final demand -8.9 -34.7 15.5 26.4 11.5 3.7 5.5 0.4 8.7 7.4 6.9 5.6 3.6 4.22.7 Imports 4.4 21.5 -11.8 -18.5 -7.8 -2.1 -2.5 1.5 -4.4 -3.1 -4.1 -2.4 -1.4 -1.92.8 Net exports 5.0 8.0 2.8 -0.5 -3.6 0.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.8 -0.5 0.0 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings 19.3 20.4 20.1 22.7 22.3 22.8 22.2 21.7 21.3 23.7 25.0 24.9 25.1 25.33.2 Net savings of households 1.0 4.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.4 3.5 3.7 3.6 4.3 : : : 3.3 General government savings 4.2 3.2 3.1 4.0 4.9 4.5 5.5 4.9 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.33.4 National savings 23.5 23.6 23.3 26.7 27.3 27.3 27.6 26.6 25.6 28.2 29.2 29.4 29.5 29.63.5 Gross capital formation 31.6 20.9 21.5 25.4 29.1 27.0 26.9 24.8 25.4 26.6 26.2 27.1 27.0 27.13.6 Current account -8.7 2.5 1.8 1.3 -1.9 0.3 0.7 1.8 1.6 2.7 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 70.6 58.5 67.3 72.5 70.7 71.6 73.3 71.4 73.7 74.8 74.3 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 8.0 -9.4 -8.6 -3.6 -2.4 -3.1 -2.4 -2.9 -2.8 0.0 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.14.3 Potential GDP gap 4.1 -9.7 -6.3 0.2 1.8 1.1 1.4 0.3 0.1 2.2 3.4 2.9 1.5 0.54.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 7.1 1.7 1.5 4.1 5.0 4.4 3.8 3.0 2.8 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.9 3.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 7.3 13.3 6.8 -2.3 3.3 3.1 3.0 0.1 2.5 1.0 2.3 3.4 3.9 4.05.4 Labour productivity growth -4.9 -4.7 8.0 0.8 1.5 0.1 2.2 -1.0 2.3 3.0 3.5 2.5 2.1 2.55.5 Total factor productivity growth -8.1 -10.3 4.7 2.0 -0.1 -1.4 0.8 -1.1 1.1 2.5 2.3 0.9 0.2 0.6


6.1 Employment -0.2 -10.2 -4.9 6.5 1.6 1.2 0.8 2.9 0.3 2.7 1.2 0.7 0.0 -0.16.2 Activity rate 76.9 76.5 76.3 77.6 78.0 78.5 78.6 80.0 81.6 82.8 83.4 83.9 84.4 84.86.3 Employment rate 72.7 66.1 63.6 68.1 70.3 71.7 72.8 75.1 76.1 78.1 78.9 79.6 79.8 79.8 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.5 13.5 16.7 12.3 10.0 8.6 7.4 6.2 6.8 5.8 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.8 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.4 -2.9 2.7 1.9 5.8 5.7 6.6 3.7 5.7 7.0 10.2 7.3 5.8 5.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.2 -1.5 -1.2 -3.1 1.6 2.5 5.8 4.1 5.0 3.2 6.3 4.6 3.4 3.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 16.1 1.9 -5.0 1.0 4.2 5.6 4.3 4.8 3.3 3.9 6.5 4.7 3.6 3.27.4 Real unit labour costs 8.6 2.1 -6.7 -4.1 0.2 1.5 1.3 3.6 1.6 0.2 1.9 1.3 0.6 0.47.5 GDP deflator 6.9 -0.2 1.8 5.4 4.0 4.0 2.9 1.1 1.7 3.6 4.5 3.4 3.0 2.77.6 Private consumption deflator 8.0 -1.4 3.9 5.2 4.1 3.1 0.7 -0.4 0.7 3.6 3.7 2.6 2.3 2.47.7 Terms of trade 0.2 0.4 -2.0 0.4 -0.5 0.9 1.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.2


8.1 Total expenditure 39.4 45.6 39.9 37.1 39.0 38.2 37.5 39.2 39.5 39.3 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.28.2 Total revenue 36.8 43.4 40.1 38.1 38.7 38.4 38.2 39.4 39.0 38.6 38.5 39.0 39.1 39.08.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.6 -2.2 0.2 1.1 -0.3 0.2 0.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -4.6 2.5 3.3 1.0 -1.2 -0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.6 -1.8 -2.2 -1.6 -0.9 -0.58.5 Debt (end of period) 4.5 7.2 6.6 6.1 9.8 10.2 10.6 10.0 10.2 9.3 8.4 8.7 8.4 8.2


9.1 Long-term interest rate 8.2 7.8 5.9 : : : : : : : : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 6.7 5.9 1.6 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.5 1.9 4.3 : : : : : : : : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.2 8.0 4.0 : : : : : : : : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 2.0 4.7 -4.1 -0.3 -2.2 2.1 4.3 2.7 2.3 0.0 3.3 0.2 0.2 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 96.1 98.1 94.4 95.4 94.6 97.3 99.8 100.0 101.6 103.1 107.8 108.2 108.5 108.6 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


169


82. Ireland(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 3.8 2.2 3.2 8.3 4.4 1.7 0.1 3.1 5.4 3.1 3.4 2.7 2.5 2.41.2 Government consumption 5.2 3.7 1.0 6.3 5.1 1.1 -0.4 1.9 3.4 3.5 4.4 6.2 3.0 2.21.3 Gross fixed capital formation 9.9 0.7 3.5 12.9 9.1 -7.7 7.1 52.9 50.6 -6.7 -21.1 44.3 4.5 3.91.4 of which equipment : 1.6 4.4 13.7 7.9 -1.7 12.6 -3.2 25.1 -11.2 39.4 -0.1 3.7 3.21.5 of which construction : 0.6 3.5 12.7 7.8 -14.7 1.0 7.3 13.0 13.5 12.5 8.4 7.4 6.41.6 Exports of goods and services 8.7 8.0 10.8 17.9 6.0 4.3 4.8 39.3 4.1 9.2 10.4 11.4 4.1 4.11.7 Imports of goods and services 9.7 4.4 8.5 18.2 6.0 2.8 4.2 33.2 18.4 1.1 -2.9 22.3 4.2 4.11.8 GDP 4.4 3.8 4.6 9.4 5.3 0.4 2.6 25.2 3.7 8.1 8.2 5.6 3.5 3.2


2.1 Consumption 3.7 2.3 2.1 5.1 2.8 0.9 -0.1 1.6 2.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.02.2 Investment 1.9 0.2 0.6 2.7 2.3 -1.7 1.3 10.9 12.2 -2.4 -6.6 10.4 1.5 1.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 -1.6 -0.4 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.7 2.5 2.8 8.0 5.1 -0.9 1.8 13.2 14.6 -0.5 -6.6 11.6 2.6 2.32.5 Exports 2.5 3.0 6.5 14.3 5.5 3.7 5.1 43.2 5.0 11.2 12.6 13.9 5.3 5.22.6 Final demand 8.3 5.5 9.3 22.3 10.6 2.7 6.9 56.4 19.7 10.7 6.0 25.5 7.9 7.52.7 Imports -3.8 -1.9 -4.6 -12.4 -4.5 -2.0 -3.7 -30.5 -17.2 -1.2 2.8 -19.9 -4.4 -4.32.8 Net exports -1.3 1.1 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.6 1.4 12.7 -12.1 10.0 15.4 -5.9 0.9 0.9


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 19.6 20.1 20.3 23.2 29.3 33.4 32.6 32.3 30.9 32.1 33.13.2 Net savings of households : : : 0.5 0.3 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.3 2.2 : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 4.7 4.2 -1.0 -4.2 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.2 2.7 2.9 3.13.4 National savings 19.9 18.2 16.6 24.3 24.3 19.3 19.0 30.2 34.7 34.3 34.5 33.6 34.9 36.23.5 Gross capital formation 22.0 26.0 17.8 23.2 26.3 24.6 19.6 25.7 37.4 33.4 23.8 32.8 33.6 34.43.6 Current account -2.5 -7.9 0.3 1.4 -0.5 -4.8 -0.6 4.4 -4.2 0.5 10.6 0.8 1.3 1.7


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 1.0 -2.2 0.9 3.9 2.0 -10.9 5.3 2.9 4.7 6.7 6.5 4.5 2.64.3 Potential GDP gap : -1.2 -1.0 2.5 0.7 -0.9 -1.1 3.9 2.4 2.0 1.3 2.0 1.2 0.54.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 82.0 111.7 163.8 179.0 140.0 150.4 224.0 200.4 207.8 229.5 229.4 218.3 206.9

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.8 4.7 2.1 4.5 5.7 4.1 1.6 1.2 5.9 3.5 -0.1 5.1 5.0 4.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.7 4.6 0.7 -0.5 2.7 4.9 0.9 -2.3 2.1 0.5 -3.2 2.6 3.2 3.45.4 Labour productivity growth 4.3 3.7 3.2 4.2 2.3 1.3 1.8 20.8 0.0 5.0 4.8 3.2 1.8 1.85.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.1 1.6 2.8 4.4 1.1 -0.9 1.4 22.1 -1.0 4.8 6.4 2.0 0.4 0.3


6.1 Employment 0.1 0.1 1.4 5.0 3.0 -0.8 0.7 3.6 3.7 3.0 3.2 2.4 1.7 1.46.2 Activity rate : : : 67.4 70.8 73.4 71.8 72.6 73.2 73.4 74.0 74.4 75.0 75.56.3 Employment rate : : : 62.2 67.4 66.9 61.5 65.3 67.0 68.4 69.7 70.5 71.3 71.8 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.6 10.6 15.0 7.9 4.6 8.8 14.2 10.0 8.4 6.7 5.8 5.2 5.0 5.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.3 16.7 5.1 6.5 6.0 2.0 0.4 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.1 3.5 3.7 3.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 4.7 2.6 2.1 2.8 2.6 2.4 -0.8 1.8 1.9 1.5 0.4 1.4 1.6 1.87.3 Nominal unit labour costs 6.8 12.5 1.9 2.2 3.6 0.7 -1.5 -15.3 2.2 -2.3 -2.6 0.4 1.8 2.07.4 Real unit labour costs -0.4 -0.2 -1.1 -2.4 -0.3 1.5 -2.6 -21.4 2.5 -3.4 -3.4 -0.4 0.4 0.47.5 GDP deflator 7.2 12.8 3.0 4.8 3.9 -0.7 1.2 7.8 -0.3 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.57.6 Private consumption deflator 6.3 13.8 2.9 3.5 3.3 -0.3 1.1 0.6 0.3 1.1 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.07.7 Terms of trade 0.8 -1.7 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 -0.9 -0.5 4.6 -0.3 -1.4 -1.3 -1.1 -0.5 -0.4


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 34.8 33.1 44.8 41.7 28.9 27.7 26.1 25.4 25.0 24.9 24.48.2 Total revenue : : : 37.1 33.8 34.8 34.0 27.0 27.0 25.8 25.4 25.3 25.2 25.08.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : 2.3 0.7 -10.0 -7.7 -1.9 -0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.68.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : 1.0 0.4 -9.5 -7.1 -4.0 -2.0 -1.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 0.38.5 Debt (end of period) 40.1 97.4 78.5 36.1 26.1 86.0 104.4 76.7 73.9 67.8 63.6 59.0 53.9 52.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 14.6 9.2 5.7 4.3 4.7 5.5 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.0 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 13.4 9.7 4.9 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : 1.1 -0.5 0.9 1.5 1.9 4.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 1.6 6.0 0.9 0.4 5.5 4.2 -6.1 1.0 -0.3 0.1 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.1 2.7 0.8 0.0 -6.5 2.1 1.9 2.8 -1.9 -0.4 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 99.7 109.0 118.7 108.5 100.0 101.0 101.3 102.6 99.8 98.6 98.1 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


170


83. Greece(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 6.8 3.3 2.5 3.5 4.0 0.4 -5.0 -0.2 0.0 0.9 1.1 0.4 1.5 1.31.2 Government consumption 6.2 5.0 0.2 2.3 3.7 1.5 -5.2 1.6 -0.7 -0.4 -2.5 3.4 0.3 0.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 9.7 -3.2 0.2 8.9 1.9 -2.3 -14.6 0.7 4.7 9.1 -12.2 10.1 12.5 8.11.4 of which equipment 12.8 0.7 5.0 18.4 2.3 2.0 -12.5 7.3 -11.4 22.2 -10.2 11.1 12.8 9.11.5 of which construction 8.9 -3.3 -1.1 5.3 1.2 -5.6 -18.0 -9.9 29.2 0.4 -18.5 19.5 12.4 8.41.6 Exports of goods and services 11.5 5.5 3.9 15.3 2.4 0.6 2.6 3.1 -1.8 6.8 8.7 4.3 3.4 3.01.7 Imports of goods and services 12.8 3.0 5.9 14.2 2.0 0.4 -3.6 0.4 0.3 7.1 4.2 5.1 4.0 3.01.8 GDP 8.5 1.7 1.2 3.6 3.9 -0.3 -4.8 -0.4 -0.2 1.5 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.0


2.1 Consumption 4.8 2.2 1.8 2.8 3.3 0.5 -4.6 0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.3 1.0 1.1 0.92.2 Investment 3.1 -0.9 0.0 1.9 0.5 -0.3 -2.2 0.1 0.5 1.1 -1.6 1.1 1.5 1.12.3 Stockbuilding 1.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.4 0.2 -1.6 0.1 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 9.4 1.6 1.8 4.6 4.0 -0.2 -6.5 -1.3 0.5 1.7 0.5 2.1 2.6 2.02.5 Exports 0.8 0.6 0.6 2.6 0.5 0.1 0.8 1.0 -0.6 2.0 2.9 1.4 1.2 1.02.6 Final demand 10.2 2.2 2.4 7.2 4.5 0.0 -5.8 -0.3 -0.1 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.02.7 Imports -1.6 -0.4 -1.2 -3.6 -0.6 -0.2 1.0 -0.1 -0.1 -2.2 -1.4 -1.8 -1.5 -1.12.8 Net exports -0.8 0.2 -0.6 -1.0 -0.1 -0.1 1.8 0.9 -0.7 -0.1 1.5 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 19.9 16.8 15.1 11.8 10.3 7.8 8.7 8.6 10.5 11.6 12.33.2 Net savings of households : : : 1.8 -0.6 -1.7 -7.8 -9.2 -10.0 -9.9 -8.9 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : -1.9 -1.2 -6.0 -3.6 -0.3 2.5 2.9 3.5 2.7 2.5 3.03.4 National savings 26.2 27.8 20.9 18.0 15.6 9.1 8.2 10.0 10.4 11.5 12.0 13.2 14.2 15.43.5 Gross capital formation 33.4 32.2 25.8 24.2 25.0 22.6 12.9 10.2 11.5 12.5 13.1 14.0 15.3 16.33.6 Current account -1.8 0.3 -1.2 -6.2 -9.4 -13.5 -4.7 -0.2 -1.1 -1.0 -1.1 -0.8 -1.1 -0.9


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 76.4 75.9 75.8 73.5 66.3 65.9 67.8 70.0 70.8 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 0.0 -0.8 -2.2 1.1 8.3 -6.2 -5.0 -4.4 -2.8 -1.3 -0.3 0.7 1.24.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.1 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.5 -14.5 -12.5 -11.4 -9.1 -6.7 -4.6 -2.2 -0.44.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 68.5 57.5 70.0 72.3 72.2 55.4 61.1 62.9 65.9 68.8 71.5 73.2 73.6

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 7.9 4.1 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.1 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -0.8 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4 -0.15.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 8.4 3.1 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.8 2.6 -2.0 -1.6 -2.3 -2.8 -2.9 -2.6 -1.55.4 Labour productivity growth 9.0 0.7 0.6 2.9 2.3 -0.6 -1.1 -1.2 -0.7 0.0 0.2 -0.4 0.1 0.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 5.1 -0.6 0.0 2.2 1.9 -1.4 -2.2 -0.2 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.3


6.1 Employment -0.5 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.7 -0.2 -5.3 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.7 2.2 2.2 1.46.2 Activity rate 60.0 57.3 58.2 61.1 66.0 67.9 67.8 69.0 69.5 69.5 69.4 69.7 70.1 70.56.3 Employment rate 57.4 55.1 53.8 54.6 59.3 61.5 51.5 51.8 53.1 54.6 56.0 57.7 59.5 60.9 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.4 3.8 7.5 10.7 10.3 9.5 24.1 24.9 23.6 21.5 19.3 17.3 15.4 14.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.1 21.5 14.4 8.1 7.3 2.5 -4.1 -2.4 -0.9 0.5 1.3 0.4 1.1 2.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 6.4 2.7 -1.1 3.3 4.5 -0.7 -3.7 -0.7 -0.2 0.0 1.0 -0.1 0.5 1.17.3 Nominal unit labour costs 1.0 20.6 13.8 5.1 4.9 3.1 -3.0 -1.3 -0.3 0.6 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.47.4 Real unit labour costs -3.2 1.3 -1.5 0.2 1.7 0.2 -2.1 -0.9 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.27.5 GDP deflator 4.4 19.1 15.6 4.9 3.1 2.9 -0.9 -0.3 -0.2 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 3.6 18.2 15.7 4.6 2.8 3.2 -0.4 -1.7 -0.8 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.97.7 Terms of trade 0.0 -1.3 1.5 0.5 0.6 -0.2 0.3 4.8 -0.4 -0.4 -1.9 0.2 0.2 0.6


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 45.3 46.3 49.9 55.6 53.6 49.0 47.4 47.0 46.4 45.3 44.48.2 Total revenue : : : 39.2 39.4 40.1 46.7 47.9 49.5 48.2 48.0 47.7 46.3 45.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) (d) : : : -6.1 -6.9 -9.8 -9.0 -5.6 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted (d) : : : -6.9 -7.8 -10.6 -1.4 0.9 6.4 5.5 4.5 3.7 2.2 1.38.5 Debt (end of period) (d) 15.9 48.9 99.0 104.9 107.4 146.2 178.9 175.9 178.5 176.2 181.2 175.2 169.3 163.1


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 13.6 : 9.0 4.5 5.5 13.8 9.7 8.4 6.0 4.2 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : 20.0 11.7 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : -2.6 1.7 2.7 13.2 9.7 8.6 6.3 4.5 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : -4.6 : 3.9 1.3 2.6 14.9 10.1 8.6 5.3 3.6 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 1.9 2.8 0.6 1.2 -1.5 2.5 1.7 3.9 0.1 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 101.8 103.7 109.0 106.7 100.0 101.2 101.8 103.7 101.7 100.1 98.7 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


171


84. Spain(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 7.2 1.5 2.9 3.8 3.5 0.7 -1.8 2.9 2.7 3.0 1.8 0.8 1.0 1.01.2 Government consumption 4.5 4.8 4.7 3.1 4.8 4.5 -1.8 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 10.5 -0.6 5.0 7.2 5.3 -3.5 -3.8 4.9 2.4 5.9 5.3 2.5 2.5 2.11.4 of which equipment : -0.2 4.4 11.0 2.6 -2.5 -0.1 9.1 1.8 8.5 5.7 1.9 2.3 2.11.5 of which construction : -1.0 5.4 5.4 6.0 -5.4 -7.2 1.5 1.6 5.9 6.6 3.1 2.5 2.11.6 Exports of goods and services 11.9 6.0 6.4 10.2 3.0 1.7 4.5 4.3 5.4 5.6 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.41.7 Imports of goods and services 17.3 2.5 11.7 11.5 6.0 -0.8 -0.1 5.1 2.6 6.6 3.3 0.5 2.0 2.41.8 GDP 7.2 1.8 3.0 4.1 3.3 1.0 -1.0 3.8 3.0 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.5 1.4


2.1 Consumption 5.4 1.6 2.5 2.8 2.9 1.2 -1.4 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.82.2 Investment 2.2 -0.1 1.1 1.7 1.4 -0.8 -0.8 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.9 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 7.8 1.4 3.6 4.5 4.2 0.4 -2.3 3.9 2.0 3.0 2.6 1.3 1.3 1.32.5 Exports 1.2 0.8 1.1 2.5 0.8 0.4 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.92.6 Final demand 9.0 2.2 4.8 7.0 5.0 0.8 -0.9 5.4 3.8 4.9 3.4 2.0 2.1 2.12.7 Imports -1.8 -0.4 -1.8 -2.9 -1.7 0.2 0.0 -1.5 -0.8 -2.0 -1.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.82.8 Net exports -0.6 0.5 -0.6 -0.4 -0.9 0.6 1.3 -0.1 1.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.6 0.2 0.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 20.9 18.4 19.2 23.4 24.0 24.3 23.2 22.8 23.6 23.8 23.93.2 Net savings of households : : : 4.2 3.6 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 0.7 0.9 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.1 4.3 0.8 -4.6 -3.0 -2.4 -1.1 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.13.4 National savings 25.4 22.5 21.9 22.0 22.7 20.0 18.8 21.0 21.9 22.1 22.3 23.1 23.5 23.73.5 Gross capital formation 27.8 24.7 23.9 24.2 27.7 27.0 18.5 19.0 18.8 19.4 20.4 20.7 21.0 21.23.6 Current account -0.7 -1.5 -1.9 -2.2 -4.9 -7.0 0.3 2.0 3.2 2.7 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 78.1 79.8 79.4 76.6 73.5 77.7 78.6 78.7 79.4 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.1 0.5 -1.6 0.9 3.5 -3.9 -2.6 -0.9 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.04.3 Potential GDP gap : -1.8 -0.4 0.0 2.6 -0.1 -7.4 -4.2 -1.9 -0.1 1.0 1.6 1.7 1.64.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 86.6 110.6 116.8 119.9 105.7 101.4 110.1 115.1 117.9 117.5 113.8 112.8 112.6

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 4.6 3.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.35.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.9 5.0 2.0 0.0 1.7 4.3 3.4 -2.4 -2.0 -1.8 -1.3 -0.9 0.3 0.65.4 Labour productivity growth 6.5 3.2 1.4 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 4.9 1.3 0.6 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3


6.1 Employment 0.7 -1.3 1.6 3.8 3.4 -0.2 -2.0 2.8 2.1 2.7 2.2 2.1 1.0 0.86.2 Activity rate : : : 64.9 70.6 75.2 76.6 76.9 76.7 76.5 76.4 76.6 76.6 76.76.3 Employment rate 63.8 55.0 51.8 55.4 63.3 65.2 58.3 60.1 61.5 63.1 64.5 65.8 66.3 66.7 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : 49.8 53.0 59.7 60.1 52.4 53.8 55.4 57.0 58.4 59.6 60.1 60.5 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 2.6 10.4 18.4 16.0 10.8 13.2 24.2 22.1 19.6 17.2 15.3 13.9 13.3 12.8 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 14.6 18.0 7.7 2.8 3.3 4.3 0.4 0.6 -0.6 0.7 1.0 2.4 2.2 2.17.2 Real wages per head (b) 7.6 2.4 1.6 0.1 0.0 2.0 -1.0 0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -0.4 1.4 1.1 0.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 7.6 14.3 6.3 2.4 2.8 2.7 -1.2 -0.1 -0.8 0.7 1.2 2.7 1.7 1.57.4 Real unit labour costs 0.5 -0.6 -0.1 -0.5 -1.2 0.7 -1.3 -0.6 -1.1 -0.7 0.1 1.3 0.3 0.17.5 GDP deflator 7.2 15.0 6.4 2.8 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.47.6 Private consumption deflator 6.5 15.3 6.1 2.7 3.3 2.3 1.4 -0.1 0.2 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.47.7 Terms of trade 3.0 -2.2 4.0 0.2 1.3 0.3 -1.0 0.5 0.4 -0.8 -1.6 -0.1 0.0 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 40.9 38.5 42.3 46.4 43.9 42.4 41.2 41.7 41.7 41.8 41.98.2 Total revenue : : : 37.9 38.5 38.0 38.1 38.7 38.1 38.2 39.2 39.3 39.6 39.88.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.9 0.0 -4.3 -8.4 -5.2 -4.3 -3.0 -2.5 -2.3 -2.2 -2.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -2.9 -1.6 -4.2 -4.0 -2.7 -3.2 -2.9 -3.2 -3.3 -3.2 -3.08.5 Debt (end of period) 12.0 40.2 61.5 57.8 42.4 60.5 100.7 99.3 99.2 98.6 97.6 96.7 96.6 96.0


9.1 Long-term interest rate : : 11.9 6.0 4.3 4.1 4.6 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.4 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : 12.5 4.9 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : -0.6 1.1 1.5 1.3 4.0 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.7 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : : 5.2 3.1 0.3 2.1 4.6 1.2 1.1 0.2 0.3 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.6 1.9 0.4 0.4 -2.9 2.2 1.4 2.5 -0.4 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 94.5 99.3 106.7 104.7 100.0 100.8 102.2 104.2 102.7 101.9 101.3 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


172


85. France(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.4 2.5 2.1 2.7 2.1 1.5 0.4 1.5 1.8 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.41.2 Government consumption 5.6 3.8 2.4 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.81.3 Gross fixed capital formation 7.4 0.3 2.5 4.4 1.9 0.5 0.4 1.0 2.7 4.7 2.8 2.7 1.9 1.41.4 of which equipment 8.9 1.3 3.7 7.8 0.3 0.2 0.5 4.1 6.1 1.1 2.0 3.0 1.7 1.61.5 of which construction 7.0 -0.8 1.4 2.8 2.4 -0.3 -0.6 -1.3 0.9 5.4 2.1 2.6 1.8 1.21.6 Exports of goods and services 9.4 4.8 5.3 8.8 2.7 1.2 3.6 4.6 1.8 3.9 3.5 2.2 2.2 2.51.7 Imports of goods and services 10.9 3.4 5.3 8.8 3.5 2.2 3.3 5.9 2.9 3.9 1.2 2.1 2.4 2.51.8 GDP 5.7 2.3 2.3 2.9 1.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 2.3 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.2


2.1 Consumption 3.9 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.2 0.5 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.92.2 Investment 1.9 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.8 2.1 2.3 2.8 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.5 2.3 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.32.5 Exports 1.4 1.0 1.1 2.2 0.7 0.3 1.0 1.4 0.5 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.82.6 Final demand 7.2 3.0 3.5 5.0 2.6 1.4 2.0 2.9 2.0 3.5 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.02.7 Imports -1.5 -0.7 -1.1 -2.0 -0.9 -0.6 -1.0 -1.8 -0.9 -1.2 -0.4 -0.7 -0.8 -0.82.8 Net exports -0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 0.7 0.0 -0.1 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : 19.6 20.9 21.6 22.0 21.2 21.5 21.4 21.0 21.1 22.2 21.5 21.53.2 Net savings of households : : 4.5 5.3 5.7 5.9 5.6 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : 1.8 2.1 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.8 1.7 1.1 2.0 2.03.4 National savings 27.5 22.9 21.5 22.9 22.9 22.5 21.6 22.2 22.0 22.8 22.9 23.4 23.4 23.43.5 Gross capital formation 27.3 24.4 22.2 20.7 21.8 23.0 22.7 22.7 22.6 23.4 23.5 23.8 24.0 24.03.6 Current account 0.2 -1.5 -0.7 2.2 1.1 -0.5 -1.1 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 82.8 85.9 84.0 84.6 82.2 82.0 82.6 83.2 84.7 85.9 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.1 0.1 -0.6 0.6 0.6 -0.6 -0.9 -1.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.24.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.5 -0.8 -0.7 1.6 0.5 -1.3 -1.5 -1.3 -0.1 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 79.2 106.2 124.3 124.3 110.7 94.6 96.7 95.9 95.3 93.4 96.4 96.0 94.8

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.9 3.1 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.15.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.4 2.9 1.9 0.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.9 1.15.4 Labour productivity growth 5.1 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.4 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.75.5 Total factor productivity growth 3.4 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.3


6.1 Employment 0.6 0.2 0.5 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.56.2 Activity rate 66.2 66.3 67.0 70.1 71.2 71.1 72.6 73.8 74.1 74.5 75.0 75.4 75.8 76.16.3 Employment rate 66.1 63.6 60.9 62.6 64.7 64.5 64.8 65.5 66.0 66.8 67.5 68.3 68.8 69.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate 64.1 61.3 58.5 58.9 61.2 61.3 61.2 61.8 62.2 62.8 63.5 64.3 64.9 65.3 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 5.3 9.0 10.0 8.4 8.5 9.9 10.4 10.1 9.4 9.1 8.5 8.2 8.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.1 12.6 3.5 2.1 2.9 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.3 2.0 1.8 -0.2 1.4 1.97.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.2 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.3 -1.4 0.2 0.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.8 10.3 1.5 0.5 2.0 2.1 1.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 1.0 -0.4 0.9 1.37.4 Real unit labour costs -0.2 0.1 -1.0 -0.5 0.1 0.5 0.4 -0.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 -1.7 -0.3 0.17.5 GDP deflator 4.9 10.2 2.5 1.0 1.9 1.6 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.27.6 Private consumption deflator 4.7 10.5 2.3 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.27.7 Terms of trade 0.3 -1.8 0.9 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 3.2 1.0 -1.3 -1.3 0.4 0.1 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : 52.2 53.3 52.8 54.6 57.0 56.8 56.6 56.4 56.0 55.5 54.4 54.08.2 Total revenue : : 48.6 50.8 49.7 50.1 52.4 53.2 53.0 53.6 53.5 52.5 52.1 51.88.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 0.1 -1.8 -3.6 -2.6 -3.1 -4.5 -4.5 -3.6 -3.5 -2.8 -2.5 -3.1 -2.2 -2.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : -1.5 -3.2 -2.1 -4.1 -4.8 -3.7 -2.7 -2.7 -2.7 -2.9 -3.5 -2.8 -2.78.5 Debt (end of period) : 31.0 56.1 58.9 67.4 85.3 94.9 95.6 98.0 98.4 98.4 98.9 98.9 99.2


9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.7 11.7 8.5 5.3 4.3 3.8 2.4 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 5.7 11.0 8.5 3.7 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.0 0.7 0.0 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.8 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.7 1.4 5.9 4.3 2.3 2.1 1.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.0 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.6 2.2 0.3 0.3 -3.8 2.1 1.4 2.7 -0.7 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 108.2 107.2 109.7 104.7 100.0 101.4 102.0 104.6 103.2 102.6 101.8 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


173


86. Italy(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.8 2.6 2.2 2.7 0.7 0.2 -1.5 1.8 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.61.2 Government consumption 5.6 3.6 1.4 1.4 1.9 0.4 -1.4 -0.6 0.7 -0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.7 0.2 1.2 3.9 1.8 -1.9 -5.0 1.8 4.0 3.3 3.2 2.7 1.5 1.61.4 of which equipment : 2.5 3.2 6.0 0.9 -1.2 -4.6 4.6 8.1 6.2 4.3 3.0 1.7 1.41.5 of which construction 5.1 0.1 0.7 2.0 2.9 -3.1 -7.1 -1.4 0.0 1.5 2.9 3.0 1.7 2.01.6 Exports of goods and services 10.5 4.4 5.5 4.0 1.5 0.5 2.6 4.3 1.9 6.0 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.51.7 Imports of goods and services 10.4 2.6 4.9 6.6 2.3 1.3 -1.8 6.5 3.9 6.2 3.0 0.7 2.2 2.61.8 GDP 5.9 2.5 2.1 2.1 0.9 -0.3 -1.0 0.8 1.3 1.7 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.7


2.1 Consumption 4.2 2.1 1.5 1.8 0.8 0.2 -1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.42.2 Investment 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.4 -0.4 -0.9 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.1 -1.1 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.8 2.2 2.0 2.5 1.1 -0.1 -2.2 1.2 1.8 1.6 1.0 -0.3 0.4 0.72.5 Exports 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.7 1.2 0.6 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.82.6 Final demand 7.3 3.1 3.0 3.4 1.5 0.0 -1.5 2.5 2.3 3.3 1.6 0.3 1.1 1.52.7 Imports -1.4 -0.5 -0.9 -1.4 -0.6 -0.3 0.5 -1.7 -1.1 -1.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.7 -0.82.8 Net exports 0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2 1.2 -0.5 -0.5 0.1 -0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 21.2 20.3 18.1 17.9 17.6 19.7 19.6 19.9 19.6 19.7 20.23.2 Net savings of households : : 15.3 7.7 6.0 4.4 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.5 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.2 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.43.4 National savings 19.6 21.6 18.2 21.5 20.7 19.0 18.0 18.5 20.1 20.6 20.8 20.4 20.5 20.73.5 Gross capital formation 25.5 25.4 21.7 19.9 21.2 21.2 18.0 17.1 17.6 17.9 18.2 17.5 17.6 17.83.6 Current account 1.3 -0.7 -0.4 1.5 -0.5 -2.2 0.0 1.4 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 76.0 76.3 76.0 73.4 72.7 75.5 76.2 76.9 78.0 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.3 0.2 -0.7 0.7 1.3 -1.6 -2.1 -1.0 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.54.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.9 -0.2 -0.1 1.3 0.3 -3.4 -3.6 -2.0 -0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.24.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 69.0 93.0 118.2 119.5 99.7 85.0 87.2 92.9 97.4 95.7 93.5 94.0 94.8

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 5.1 3.4 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.45.3 Growth of capital intensity 5.3 2.4 2.3 0.9 1.2 1.6 0.9 -1.0 -1.5 -0.9 -0.7 -0.4 0.2 0.15.4 Labour productivity growth 6.1 1.6 2.2 1.3 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 -0.5 0.3 0.45.5 Total factor productivity growth 4.0 0.6 1.3 0.9 -0.3 -0.6 -0.5 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.2 -0.4 0.2 0.4


6.1 Employment -0.3 0.6 0.1 1.0 1.3 0.2 -0.4 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.36.2 Activity rate 59.2 61.0 62.4 63.6 67.5 68.7 69.1 69.2 70.4 70.9 71.3 71.4 71.7 72.06.3 Employment rate 58.7 58.0 57.4 58.0 62.9 65.0 63.1 62.7 63.8 64.8 65.5 66.0 66.3 66.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : 59.9 59.8 59.7 63.4 64.0 60.7 60.0 61.0 61.7 62.4 63.0 63.2 63.6 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.0 6.9 9.6 10.9 8.3 7.1 11.0 11.9 11.7 11.2 10.6 10.0 10.0 10.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.4 18.2 6.9 2.9 3.4 2.7 0.7 1.0 0.1 0.7 2.2 1.0 1.1 1.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.9 1.6 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.9 -1.0 0.8 0.0 -0.5 1.2 0.4 0.3 -0.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.0 16.3 4.6 1.6 3.3 2.7 0.8 0.8 0.2 -0.1 2.2 1.6 0.8 0.57.4 Real unit labour costs -0.4 -0.2 -1.4 -1.0 0.4 0.9 -0.5 -0.1 -1.0 -0.8 1.3 1.0 -0.2 -0.57.5 GDP deflator 5.4 16.5 6.1 2.6 2.8 1.8 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.17.6 Private consumption deflator 5.2 16.3 6.1 2.5 2.6 1.8 1.7 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.17.7 Terms of trade -0.8 -1.0 1.2 0.0 0.1 -0.5 0.0 2.3 3.3 -1.5 -0.7 -0.1 0.2 -0.1




9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.9 14.6 12.0 6.3 4.5 4.3 4.5 1.7 1.5 2.1 2.6 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.2 15.5 11.6 5.5 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.7 -0.8 0.4 0.7 1.6 1.5 3.9 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.9 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.5 -1.6 5.6 3.6 1.6 2.4 3.2 0.8 0.3 1.4 1.7 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 2.6 2.4 0.3 0.6 -3.3 2.1 1.4 3.0 -0.7 -0.1 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 100.0 103.3 106.7 103.9 100.0 100.9 101.6 103.5 101.3 100.0 99.0 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


174


87. Cyprus(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 8.2 -6.5 4.6 -0.9 -2.8 -7.0 0.2 2.8 4.4 4.5 3.3 3.8 2.7 2.51.2 Government consumption 6.4 6.3 0.7 1.6 -2.4 -4.8 -7.5 0.5 -0.9 2.1 3.5 8.7 11.7 3.71.3 Gross fixed capital formation 8.4 -13.6 -1.4 -11.7 -19.7 -15.6 -10.9 -0.2 48.9 24.1 -6.6 14.7 8.3 6.01.4 of which equipment 33.9 -14.2 4.0 -20.5 -23.0 -9.6 -18.3 10.5 121.6 20.7 -31.9 7.0 4.0 2.01.5 of which construction 0.6 -15.2 -4.6 -11.0 -19.2 -24.2 -13.8 -7.8 24.6 24.6 18.8 22.0 12.0 8.71.6 Exports of goods and services -0.6 -4.7 6.1 7.0 -0.5 1.2 6.2 9.9 7.2 8.7 4.6 -2.5 -1.3 0.71.7 Imports of goods and services 13.0 -15.3 10.8 -2.6 -3.6 -4.6 7.6 8.1 9.0 12.8 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.51.8 GDP 3.6 -2.0 2.0 0.4 -3.4 -6.6 -1.9 3.4 6.7 4.4 4.1 2.9 2.6 2.3


2.1 Consumption 6.3 -3.3 3.0 -0.3 -2.3 -5.6 -1.2 2.0 2.8 3.3 2.7 3.8 3.6 2.32.2 Investment 2.2 -3.7 -0.3 -2.6 -3.7 -2.4 -1.5 0.0 6.2 4.3 -1.4 2.8 1.8 1.32.3 Stockbuilding 3.0 -2.3 2.2 -1.7 0.8 -1.8 1.6 0.1 -1.2 -0.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 11.5 -9.3 4.9 -4.6 -5.2 -9.8 -1.2 2.1 7.8 7.0 2.5 6.6 5.4 3.62.5 Exports -0.3 -2.3 3.0 3.5 -0.3 0.6 3.8 6.6 5.0 6.2 3.3 -1.8 -0.9 0.52.6 Final demand 11.2 -11.6 7.9 -1.1 -5.5 -9.2 2.7 8.7 12.9 13.2 5.8 4.8 4.5 4.12.7 Imports -7.5 9.6 -5.8 1.5 2.1 2.6 -4.5 -5.3 -6.1 -8.8 -1.8 -1.9 -1.8 -1.82.8 Net exports -7.8 7.3 -2.8 5.0 1.8 3.2 -0.7 1.3 -1.1 -2.7 1.6 -3.7 -2.8 -1.3


3.1 Private sector savings 9.5 16.7 12.8 18.1 14.8 13.4 6.5 10.1 9.7 10.3 9.3 7.6 7.1 7.73.2 Net savings of households -1.5 3.4 -0.7 -0.4 -2.4 -6.0 -6.7 -5.6 -3.5 -1.8 -2.5 : : 3.3 General government savings 4.7 -0.5 0.5 -1.5 -2.5 -2.0 2.7 2.5 3.1 4.5 5.4 5.5 4.7 4.53.4 National savings 14.2 16.2 13.3 16.6 12.3 11.5 9.2 12.6 12.8 14.8 14.7 13.2 11.8 12.23.5 Gross capital formation 29.0 22.9 24.0 18.9 16.2 12.9 13.3 13.1 17.0 19.9 19.1 21.3 22.5 23.23.6 Current account -14.7 -6.7 -10.7 -2.3 -3.9 -1.5 -4.1 -0.5 -4.2 -5.1 -4.4 -8.1 -10.6 -11.1


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 71.1 65.2 62.7 61.3 56.8 49.6 53.9 57.9 59.7 59.4 61.7 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 7.1 3.5 4.5 4.2 0.1 -7.0 -9.5 -7.5 -2.8 -0.5 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.54.3 Potential GDP gap 5.2 0.2 -0.2 -1.4 -4.9 -9.8 -9.8 -5.9 -0.7 1.4 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 7.3 5.0 4.4 2.9 1.2 0.2 -0.4 -0.2 2.1 3.8 3.2 4.0 4.4 4.55.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.6 5.0 3.7 2.6 4.9 6.1 1.7 -1.8 -2.4 -1.4 -0.9 1.5 2.2 2.65.4 Labour productivity growth 0.1 -2.0 1.4 0.1 0.1 -1.0 0.1 1.8 2.0 -0.9 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.55.5 Total factor productivity growth -1.6 -4.3 -0.4 -1.1 -2.2 -3.8 -0.6 2.7 3.2 -0.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.6 -0.7


6.1 Employment 3.5 0.0 0.6 0.3 -3.5 -5.6 -2.0 1.6 4.7 5.3 4.1 2.5 2.2 1.86.2 Activity rate 76.9 75.7 74.5 73.9 73.3 73.1 73.5 74.4 75.9 77.7 78.7 79.3 80.0 80.66.3 Employment rate 74.2 71.8 70.1 68.2 64.8 61.7 61.7 63.6 66.6 69.7 72.4 73.9 75.3 76.3 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 3.7 5.4 6.3 7.9 11.9 15.9 16.1 15.0 13.0 11.1 8.4 7.2 6.3 5.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 3.2 5.6 0.8 2.3 1.7 -5.3 -3.7 -1.4 -0.9 1.0 0.5 3.4 3.1 3.07.2 Real wages per head (b) -1.4 5.3 -1.8 -0.7 -0.8 -5.1 -3.0 0.6 0.6 0.1 -1.1 2.8 2.4 1.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.1 7.8 -0.6 2.2 1.6 -4.3 -3.8 -3.1 -2.9 1.9 0.6 3.0 2.7 2.57.4 Real unit labour costs -1.5 7.5 -2.4 0.5 0.0 -3.4 -2.4 -2.2 -2.1 0.2 -0.8 1.5 1.2 0.87.5 GDP deflator 4.7 0.3 1.9 1.6 1.7 -0.9 -1.4 -0.9 -0.8 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.77.6 Private consumption deflator 4.7 0.3 2.7 3.0 2.6 -0.2 -0.7 -2.0 -1.5 0.9 1.7 0.6 0.8 1.37.7 Terms of trade -1.4 0.4 -0.6 -0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.8 -0.5 0.1 0.0 0.2


8.1 Total expenditure 38.4 42.1 41.8 42.2 42.0 43.2 49.4 40.6 37.6 36.9 43.6 37.9 41.4 41.98.2 Total revenue 39.3 36.7 37.1 36.5 36.4 37.4 40.6 39.7 37.7 38.6 39.2 41.6 44.0 44.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 0.9 -5.4 -4.7 -5.7 -5.6 -5.8 -8.7 -1.0 0.1 1.7 -4.4 3.7 2.6 2.48.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -1.8 -5.6 -4.6 -4.9 -3.1 -0.9 -3.8 2.0 0.5 1.0 -6.1 1.7 0.6 0.58.5 Debt (end of period) 45.5 54.3 56.4 65.9 80.3 104.0 109.2 107.5 103.4 93.9 100.6 93.8 87.8 81.8


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.8 7.0 6.5 6.0 4.5 3.8 2.6 2.2 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.6 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.0 3.4 3.8 4.4 6.4 6.3 5.8 4.6 4.0 3.0 2.5 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -0.1 4.3 2.7 4.1 5.2 7.5 7.5 5.5 4.6 0.9 0.8 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 3.1 2.3 -3.5 0.4 -2.6 2.4 0.7 -4.2 2.3 1.8 2.9 -0.5 0.1 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 112.1 113.3 108.7 108.7 106.5 107.7 106.9 100.0 99.9 100.3 101.9 100.1 99.0 98.2 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


175


88. Latvia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption -7.9 -16.2 1.8 3.7 3.6 5.7 1.1 2.5 1.5 3.1 4.2 3.2 3.6 3.51.2 Government consumption 2.3 -9.8 -8.3 2.7 0.4 1.2 2.1 3.0 2.9 3.2 4.0 2.8 2.3 3.01.3 Gross fixed capital formation -10.2 -34.6 -19.7 23.8 16.1 -5.9 -0.3 -1.2 -8.2 11.3 15.8 4.5 1.3 1.91.4 of which equipment -6.3 -61.7 2.3 43.3 12.4 -5.4 -10.9 -1.1 11.2 9.3 13.1 6.0 1.5 1.81.5 of which construction -13.5 -16.6 -30.3 14.1 21.4 -10.0 8.9 -1.1 -20.8 14.2 19.9 3.0 1.0 1.91.6 Exports of goods and services 2.4 -12.9 13.4 12.0 9.8 1.1 6.5 2.9 4.0 6.4 4.0 2.7 1.8 2.31.7 Imports of goods and services -10.7 -31.7 12.4 22.0 5.4 0.4 3.0 1.7 3.8 8.4 6.4 4.2 2.2 2.81.8 GDP -3.3 -14.2 -4.5 6.3 4.1 2.3 1.9 3.3 1.8 3.8 4.6 2.5 2.6 2.7


2.1 Consumption -4.4 -11.3 -0.5 2.8 2.3 3.7 1.0 2.1 1.4 2.5 3.3 2.4 2.5 2.62.2 Investment -3.7 -11.1 -4.4 4.6 3.6 -1.5 -0.1 -0.3 -1.8 2.2 3.3 1.0 0.3 0.42.3 Stockbuilding -2.4 -3.4 0.2 4.6 -4.0 -0.3 -1.0 0.7 2.1 0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand -10.4 -25.8 -4.7 12.0 1.9 1.9 -0.1 2.5 1.7 4.9 6.1 3.4 2.8 3.02.5 Exports 0.9 -5.1 5.7 6.5 5.6 0.7 3.9 1.8 2.4 3.9 2.5 1.7 1.1 1.42.6 Final demand -9.5 -30.8 1.0 18.4 7.5 2.6 3.8 4.3 4.1 8.8 8.6 5.1 3.9 4.42.7 Imports 6.2 16.6 -5.5 -12.1 -3.4 -0.2 -1.9 -1.1 -2.4 -5.0 -4.0 -2.6 -1.3 -1.72.8 Net exports 7.1 11.5 0.2 -5.7 2.3 0.4 2.0 0.7 0.1 -1.1 -1.5 -0.9 -0.3 -0.3


3.1 Private sector savings 22.4 34.9 25.4 21.3 20.5 19.5 19.4 19.9 19.3 19.2 18.8 19.0 18.4 17.83.2 Net savings of households 1.7 3.8 -1.5 -8.6 -8.2 -8.8 -7.4 -4.9 -2.9 -2.9 -1.5 : : 3.3 General government savings 0.1 -5.0 -3.5 0.9 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.8 2.9 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.4 3.23.4 National savings 22.5 29.9 21.8 22.2 22.7 21.6 21.0 21.7 22.2 22.9 22.8 22.9 21.8 21.03.5 Gross capital formation 35.2 22.1 20.0 25.4 26.2 24.1 23.2 22.6 20.8 21.9 23.5 23.7 23.2 22.83.6 Current account -12.7 7.8 1.9 -3.1 -3.5 -2.5 -2.3 -0.9 1.4 1.0 -0.7 -0.8 -1.4 -1.8


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 66.3 54.0 62.8 67.3 70.9 72.1 72.4 71.5 72.6 74.4 76.3 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 13.3 -4.7 -10.4 -6.2 -3.7 -3.1 -3.0 -1.8 -2.2 -0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.54.3 Potential GDP gap 3.8 -10.5 -12.7 -6.3 -2.5 -0.9 -0.5 0.7 0.5 1.6 3.1 2.2 1.4 0.84.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 9.5 -1.1 -4.8 -2.1 0.4 -1.1 -1.5 -1.7 -3.8 -1.8 1.3 2.2 1.9 1.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 10.5 15.5 2.0 -3.5 -1.0 -3.4 -0.2 -3.1 -3.5 -1.7 -0.3 2.6 2.0 1.75.4 Labour productivity growth -2.5 0.1 2.3 4.7 2.6 0.0 3.3 1.8 2.1 3.8 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.55.5 Total factor productivity growth -7.3 -6.9 1.3 6.6 3.2 1.8 3.4 3.4 3.9 4.8 3.1 1.6 1.6 1.6


6.1 Employment -0.8 -14.3 -6.7 1.5 1.4 2.3 -1.4 1.4 -0.3 0.0 1.6 -0.4 0.0 0.26.2 Activity rate 77.1 75.9 74.7 74.4 75.9 76.0 75.8 77.1 78.2 79.0 80.3 80.2 80.7 81.46.3 Employment rate 71.2 62.6 60.2 62.3 64.5 67.0 67.6 69.5 70.7 72.2 74.4 74.9 75.5 76.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 7.7 17.5 19.5 16.2 15.0 11.9 10.8 9.9 9.6 8.7 7.4 6.6 6.4 6.4 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 17.7 -10.9 -6.6 2.3 7.5 5.5 8.5 7.7 7.3 7.6 8.5 6.1 5.0 4.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 3.8 -7.5 -4.2 -3.6 4.2 5.4 6.7 8.8 6.1 4.4 5.5 3.0 2.4 2.47.3 Nominal unit labour costs 20.7 -11.0 -8.7 -2.3 4.8 5.5 5.0 5.8 5.1 3.7 5.3 3.1 2.3 2.27.4 Real unit labour costs 8.1 -1.5 -8.3 -8.1 1.1 3.8 3.2 5.8 4.2 0.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.07.5 GDP deflator 11.7 -9.7 -0.4 6.4 3.6 1.6 1.8 0.0 0.9 3.0 4.0 3.1 2.3 2.27.6 Private consumption deflator 13.4 -3.7 -2.5 6.1 3.2 0.1 1.7 -1.0 1.1 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.5 2.37.7 Terms of trade -1.8 0.2 0.1 3.0 -2.8 0.6 -0.9 0.6 3.0 0.5 1.8 0.3 0.2 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure 37.7 44.4 45.3 40.3 37.9 37.7 38.0 38.0 36.9 38.0 38.5 37.6 37.2 36.78.2 Total revenue 33.5 34.9 36.7 36.1 36.7 36.5 36.6 36.6 36.9 37.5 37.8 37.0 36.7 36.28.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -4.2 -9.5 -8.6 -4.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.4 -1.4 0.1 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 -0.68.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -5.6 -5.5 -3.8 -1.9 -0.3 -0.8 -1.3 -1.6 -0.1 -1.1 -1.9 -1.5 -1.1 -0.98.5 Debt (end of period) 18.1 36.2 47.3 43.1 41.6 39.4 40.9 36.7 40.2 38.6 36.4 36.0 35.2 32.9


9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.4 12.4 10.3 5.9 4.6 3.3 2.5 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.9 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 8.0 13.1 2.0 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -1.6 -0.7 8.4 5.0 3.7 3.0 2.3 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.2 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -4.7 24.5 10.8 -0.5 0.9 1.7 0.7 1.0 -0.3 -2.1 -3.0 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 1.6 4.9 -4.2 0.6 -0.6 1.9 4.5 3.7 3.0 -0.6 3.5 0.0 -0.1 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 101.6 106.8 98.4 99.1 97.6 96.7 99.3 100.0 101.3 101.3 105.0 105.6 105.8 105.8 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


176


89. Lithuania(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 3.9 -17.4 -3.7 4.3 3.1 4.4 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.11.2 Government consumption 0.2 -1.3 -3.2 -0.4 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.5 1.4 0.8 0.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation -4.0 -38.9 1.5 20.1 -1.8 8.3 5.7 4.9 3.4 8.2 8.4 8.0 4.4 3.51.4 of which equipment -17.5 -49.9 20.7 36.4 2.1 12.3 0.1 13.7 14.6 9.2 7.3 3.4 3.0 2.71.5 of which construction 0.6 -37.0 -7.1 14.5 -4.4 8.0 8.4 0.1 -4.4 6.3 9.8 12.1 5.3 3.91.6 Exports of goods and services 13.5 -12.8 15.9 14.5 10.8 7.3 -1.8 2.4 4.9 13.6 6.3 6.8 3.6 3.01.7 Imports of goods and services 12.2 -28.0 16.5 14.2 5.2 5.8 -1.7 9.4 4.0 11.5 6.0 7.1 4.6 3.41.8 GDP 2.6 -14.8 1.5 6.0 3.8 3.6 3.5 2.0 2.6 4.2 3.6 3.8 2.4 2.4


2.1 Consumption 2.5 -11.5 -3.2 2.7 2.2 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.02.2 Investment -1.1 -10.1 0.3 3.4 -0.3 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 0.9 0.72.3 Stockbuilding 2.2 -5.1 5.0 0.0 -2.0 -1.9 0.2 3.4 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 3.6 -26.7 2.1 6.1 -0.2 2.4 3.7 6.9 1.9 2.7 3.3 3.9 3.0 2.72.5 Exports 6.8 -7.3 8.2 9.3 7.9 5.7 -1.4 1.8 3.4 9.2 4.6 5.2 2.8 2.32.6 Final demand 10.4 -34.1 10.3 15.4 7.8 8.1 2.2 8.6 5.3 11.9 7.9 9.1 5.8 5.02.7 Imports -7.7 19.2 -8.8 -9.4 -3.9 -4.5 1.3 -6.6 -2.8 -7.7 -4.3 -5.2 -3.4 -2.62.8 Net exports -0.9 11.9 -0.6 -0.1 4.0 1.2 -0.1 -4.8 0.6 1.5 0.4 0.0 -0.6 -0.3


3.1 Private sector savings 13.0 20.2 22.4 20.5 19.2 21.1 21.6 16.5 15.1 16.2 16.8 18.5 18.7 19.13.2 Net savings of households -2.9 0.8 3.2 0.6 -0.4 -0.8 -2.1 -2.1 -0.5 -2.1 -3.0 : : 3.3 General government savings 1.7 -5.7 -4.1 -2.3 -1.0 0.0 1.4 2.3 3.0 3.5 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.93.4 National savings 14.7 14.5 18.3 18.2 18.1 21.2 23.0 18.8 18.1 19.7 20.1 21.4 21.7 22.03.5 Gross capital formation 27.9 12.4 18.1 21.9 19.7 19.5 19.6 21.2 19.2 19.2 19.8 20.2 20.2 20.23.6 Current account -13.2 2.1 0.2 -3.7 -1.6 1.7 3.5 -2.4 -1.1 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.5 1.8


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 71.0 61.5 64.6 70.3 71.9 73.3 74.8 74.2 75.9 77.2 77.4 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 13.1 -6.3 -7.4 -4.2 -2.9 -1.9 -1.0 -1.6 -1.7 -0.3 0.6 1.8 1.7 1.74.3 Potential GDP gap 5.3 -11.0 -9.7 -5.2 -2.8 -1.2 0.3 0.4 1.1 3.0 3.6 3.9 2.3 0.84.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 8.1 1.5 1.3 2.9 2.3 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.7 5.1 5.0 4.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.15.3 Growth of capital intensity 9.6 9.9 6.8 2.3 0.4 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.2 4.9 3.3 4.8 4.9 4.85.4 Labour productivity growth 4.0 -7.7 7.0 5.4 1.9 2.2 1.4 0.6 0.3 5.0 2.2 3.6 2.3 2.45.5 Total factor productivity growth -0.8 -12.1 3.5 4.2 1.7 1.4 0.9 -0.4 -0.3 2.5 0.6 1.1 -0.2 0.0


6.1 Employment -1.3 -7.7 -5.2 0.6 1.9 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.3 -0.7 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.06.2 Activity rate 70.2 71.4 72.6 72.8 73.5 73.9 75.4 76.1 78.0 78.7 80.9 82.3 83.7 85.16.3 Employment rate 66.1 61.6 59.7 61.6 63.7 65.2 67.3 69.1 71.9 73.1 75.9 77.2 78.5 79.8 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.8 13.8 17.8 15.4 13.4 11.8 10.7 9.1 7.9 7.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 14.1 -9.3 -0.3 6.1 4.2 5.4 4.6 5.8 6.4 9.5 7.7 7.0 4.4 4.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.9 -13.1 -1.5 1.6 1.0 4.5 4.6 6.8 5.4 5.8 4.9 4.9 2.4 2.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs 9.7 -1.7 -6.8 0.6 2.2 3.1 3.1 5.1 6.1 4.3 5.3 3.3 2.1 1.67.4 Real unit labour costs 0.0 1.7 -8.9 -4.5 -0.6 1.8 2.2 5.0 4.4 0.1 1.9 -0.3 -1.2 -0.87.5 GDP deflator 9.7 -3.3 2.3 5.4 2.8 1.4 0.9 0.1 1.6 4.3 3.3 3.6 3.3 2.47.6 Private consumption deflator 10.9 4.3 1.3 4.4 3.1 0.9 0.0 -1.0 1.0 3.5 2.6 2.0 1.9 1.47.7 Terms of trade 3.6 -3.8 0.6 -0.8 -0.9 -0.3 0.8 2.6 1.7 0.3 -1.0 1.1 1.2 0.8


8.1 Total expenditure 38.1 44.9 42.5 42.6 36.2 35.5 34.7 35.1 34.2 33.2 34.0 34.9 35.4 35.18.2 Total revenue 35.0 35.8 35.6 33.7 33.1 32.9 34.1 34.8 34.4 33.6 34.6 34.9 35.4 35.18.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -3.1 -9.1 -6.9 -9.0 -3.1 -2.6 -0.6 -0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -5.2 -4.7 -3.1 -6.9 -2.0 -2.1 -0.7 -0.4 -0.2 -0.7 -0.9 -1.5 -0.9 -0.38.5 Debt (end of period) 14.6 28.0 36.3 37.2 39.8 38.7 40.6 42.7 39.9 39.3 34.1 36.3 35.1 34.8


9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.6 14.0 5.6 5.2 4.8 3.8 2.8 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.3 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 6.0 7.1 1.8 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.4 6.9 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.3 2.5 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.6 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -3.7 17.9 3.2 -0.2 2.0 2.4 1.9 1.3 -0.7 -3.8 -2.9 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 1.7 5.8 -3.9 0.6 -2.1 2.7 5.3 5.4 3.3 -1.0 3.8 -0.3 -0.2 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 96.4 103.0 97.6 98.0 96.1 96.9 99.5 100.0 102.0 102.5 106.5 106.1 105.8 105.6 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


177


90. Luxembourg(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.6 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.3 1.8 2.6 1.8 3.4 2.2 3.3 3.1 2.7 2.51.2 Government consumption 3.4 2.4 5.3 4.5 4.5 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.0 4.7 4.1 3.2 2.9 3.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.9 -2.7 8.8 5.0 2.7 3.4 7.5 -7.7 4.6 5.6 -5.9 4.5 2.9 1.61.4 of which equipment : -2.6 11.3 4.5 4.8 6.6 12.5 -16.3 -1.0 16.3 -22.2 5.0 3.0 1.41.5 of which construction : -2.8 6.8 4.3 2.6 1.0 4.3 -3.0 9.5 -0.1 2.9 4.2 2.8 1.81.6 Exports of goods and services 6.3 2.9 6.4 10.9 5.5 4.7 7.0 4.7 2.6 0.7 0.5 1.7 1.7 2.31.7 Imports of goods and services 6.4 2.7 5.5 11.2 5.9 4.9 8.5 3.4 1.6 0.6 -0.3 1.9 1.7 2.21.8 GDP 4.0 1.8 5.7 5.9 2.9 2.4 2.5 4.3 4.6 1.8 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.6


2.1 Consumption 2.9 1.9 2.9 2.1 1.6 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.32.2 Investment 1.5 -0.7 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 1.4 -1.5 0.8 1.0 -1.1 0.8 0.5 0.32.3 Stockbuilding -0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 1.2 -0.2 -1.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 4.0 1.5 4.6 3.8 2.1 1.4 2.6 0.4 1.8 1.4 1.5 2.2 1.8 1.62.5 Exports 5.2 2.9 6.7 13.1 8.0 8.2 13.3 10.0 5.8 1.5 1.0 3.7 3.7 4.82.6 Final demand 9.2 4.4 11.3 17.0 10.1 9.6 15.9 10.4 7.6 2.9 2.5 5.9 5.5 6.42.7 Imports -5.1 -2.6 -5.6 -11.0 -7.1 -7.0 -13.3 -6.1 -3.1 -1.1 0.6 -3.4 -2.9 -3.82.8 Net exports 0.1 0.3 1.2 2.1 0.8 1.1 -0.1 3.9 2.7 0.4 1.6 0.3 0.7 1.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 21.5 20.7 15.5 13.6 13.8 12.7 11.6 10.0 14.6 15.2 15.03.2 Net savings of households : : : 4.3 4.8 4.5 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.7 5.7 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 8.4 7.0 6.7 5.5 5.8 6.5 6.1 7.5 7.5 6.9 6.73.4 National savings 34.5 39.3 38.5 30.0 27.7 22.2 19.0 19.6 19.2 17.7 17.5 22.1 22.1 21.83.5 Gross capital formation 23.6 20.2 23.8 21.9 20.6 18.5 19.4 19.3 19.0 18.6 17.6 17.7 17.7 17.43.6 Current account : : : 8.1 7.0 3.8 -0.4 0.3 0.2 -0.9 0.0 4.4 4.4 4.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 80.5 83.2 83.3 79.9 72.4 68.5 76.9 81.2 81.3 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -1.0 1.7 -1.6 0.6 1.2 -2.6 -0.2 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.64.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.2 0.9 0.8 1.0 -1.2 -3.9 -1.1 0.9 0.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.24.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 78.7 114.6 133.0 131.8 157.6 158.1 159.5 166.0 156.3 157.5 154.4 151.7 150.8

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.5 2.3 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.55.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.15.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.4 1.8 0.7 -0.5 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.5 0.1 -0.2 -1.3 -1.1 -0.8 -0.65.4 Labour productivity growth 3.0 1.3 2.7 1.8 -0.2 -0.7 0.1 1.7 1.5 -1.6 -0.6 -1.1 -0.8 -0.55.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.3 0.4 2.3 2.0 -0.2 -0.7 -0.6 1.5 1.5 -1.5 0.1 -0.5 -0.4 -0.2


6.1 Employment 1.1 0.5 3.0 4.1 3.1 3.2 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.16.2 Activity rate 62.0 62.9 62.6 63.7 66.2 66.5 66.3 66.6 66.3 66.0 66.5 66.7 66.9 67.16.3 Employment rate 62.0 61.8 61.2 62.1 63.9 63.4 62.6 62.1 61.8 62.1 62.7 63.0 63.2 63.4 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 0.0 1.8 2.3 2.6 3.6 4.7 5.4 6.5 6.3 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 7.4 9.2 4.9 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.4 1.8 0.8 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.5 2.37.2 Real wages per head (b) 4.2 1.7 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.7 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.3 7.8 2.1 1.4 3.4 3.7 2.3 0.1 -0.7 4.6 3.9 4.3 3.3 2.87.4 Real unit labour costs -0.2 1.1 -0.5 -0.5 1.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -1.5 2.8 1.3 2.1 1.4 0.87.5 GDP deflator 4.4 6.7 2.7 1.9 2.4 3.5 2.9 0.2 0.8 1.7 2.5 2.2 1.9 2.07.6 Private consumption deflator 3.0 7.4 2.7 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.8 0.1 0.3 1.8 2.1 2.2 1.7 2.07.7 Terms of trade 0.1 -1.1 0.0 -0.5 0.2 0.9 0.3 -1.1 0.5 -0.7 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 40.3 42.1 41.3 42.9 41.5 40.7 41.8 41.9 43.1 43.9 44.08.2 Total revenue : : : 43.7 43.6 42.9 43.7 42.9 42.4 43.2 44.6 45.4 45.3 45.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : 3.4 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.4 1.8 1.4 2.7 2.3 1.4 1.48.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : 3.1 1.0 2.2 2.6 1.9 1.4 1.2 2.0 1.6 0.8 0.98.5 Debt (end of period) 19.1 13.4 9.6 7.2 7.4 19.8 22.7 22.0 20.1 22.3 21.0 19.6 19.2 18.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 8.1 7.7 5.4 3.6 4.0 2.0 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : : : 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : : 0.8 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.9 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 1.5 4.9 3.5 1.2 0.5 -0.9 0.2 -0.5 -1.2 -1.9 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.2 1.1 0.4 0.3 -2.0 1.5 0.8 1.7 -0.4 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 93.6 95.5 101.3 101.9 100.0 100.8 101.8 103.4 102.9 102.8 102.9 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


178


91. Malta(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption -0.2 1.8 -0.2 2.9 -0.4 2.0 2.4 5.0 2.4 3.3 7.3 4.2 3.8 3.71.2 Government consumption 12.3 -3.3 1.6 3.4 5.7 -0.4 6.6 3.7 -3.0 2.5 12.6 12.7 3.6 3.61.3 Gross fixed capital formation -9.2 -11.8 26.4 -16.4 1.5 1.3 7.0 55.7 -0.3 -7.2 -1.8 10.0 9.5 5.51.4 of which equipment -15.3 -11.2 54.1 -28.2 -6.1 7.0 1.6 86.2 13.0 -35.1 -11.0 : : 1.5 of which construction -9.5 -15.8 9.4 -8.4 3.5 -2.9 4.3 53.5 -14.9 24.3 3.1 18.3 16.5 7.01.6 Exports of goods and services 19.4 -0.4 6.9 1.6 6.9 0.9 4.1 15.5 4.5 4.8 2.6 1.7 1.8 1.81.7 Imports of goods and services 19.5 0.3 7.6 -0.5 5.0 0.0 0.2 18.1 1.6 -0.4 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.81.8 GDP 3.3 -2.5 3.5 1.3 2.8 4.6 8.7 10.8 5.7 6.7 6.8 5.0 4.2 3.8


2.1 Consumption 2.1 0.4 0.2 2.3 0.9 1.1 2.6 3.2 0.6 1.9 5.2 3.9 2.3 2.22.2 Investment -2.0 -2.3 4.8 -3.5 0.3 0.2 1.2 9.6 -0.1 -1.7 -0.4 1.9 1.9 1.22.3 Stockbuilding 3.4 0.6 -0.2 -0.7 -1.5 1.8 -1.2 -0.4 0.4 -1.3 1.5 -0.1 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 3.4 -1.4 4.8 -1.8 -0.4 3.1 2.7 12.4 0.9 -1.0 6.2 5.7 4.2 3.42.5 Exports 25.1 -0.7 10.2 2.4 11.1 1.5 6.4 23.1 7.0 7.2 3.9 2.5 2.5 2.52.6 Final demand 28.5 -2.0 14.9 0.5 10.7 4.6 9.1 35.5 7.9 6.2 10.1 8.2 6.7 5.92.7 Imports -25.2 -0.5 -11.4 0.8 -7.9 0.1 -0.4 -24.7 -2.3 0.5 -3.3 -3.2 -2.6 -2.12.8 Net exports 0.0 -1.1 -1.2 3.2 3.2 1.5 6.0 -1.6 4.7 7.8 0.5 -0.7 0.0 0.4


3.1 Private sector savings 21.3 13.5 18.1 18.2 18.9 19.6 23.2 26.4 24.2 24.0 23.9 24.8 25.4 25.53.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings -1.9 -1.2 -0.8 -0.8 -1.3 -0.3 0.4 1.3 3.5 5.7 5.0 4.5 4.7 4.93.4 National savings 19.4 12.3 17.3 17.4 17.6 19.3 23.6 27.7 27.7 29.7 28.9 29.3 30.1 30.43.5 Gross capital formation 21.7 20.8 23.6 19.4 18.0 19.2 17.7 24.9 23.9 19.3 19.1 20.2 21.6 22.23.6 Current account -2.3 -8.5 -6.3 -2.0 -0.4 0.1 5.8 2.8 3.8 10.5 9.8 9.0 8.5 8.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 80.8 70.8 77.5 77.9 75.3 77.0 77.7 78.4 79.3 80.3 80.3 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 2.5 -2.9 -2.6 -4.9 -6.2 -6.3 -3.1 1.8 1.8 2.9 4.1 3.8 2.9 2.04.3 Potential GDP gap 2.0 -2.4 -1.7 -2.6 -3.0 -2.6 0.5 3.3 1.8 1.7 2.2 1.5 0.4 -0.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.3 1.9 3.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 2.3 7.4 6.5 4.2 3.6 4.2 4.8 4.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 0.7 1.9 2.1 -1.2 -1.1 -2.1 -2.9 3.2 2.1 -3.6 -1.8 0.2 1.7 2.45.4 Labour productivity growth 0.8 -2.5 1.8 -1.6 0.0 0.8 3.2 6.5 1.3 -1.2 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.35.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.4 -3.4 0.7 -1.0 0.5 1.8 4.7 4.8 0.3 0.6 2.2 0.8 0.2 0.1


6.1 Employment 2.5 0.0 1.7 2.9 2.8 3.8 5.4 4.1 4.3 8.1 5.4 4.0 3.0 2.56.2 Activity rate 59.6 59.9 61.0 62.5 64.0 66.2 68.5 69.4 70.5 73.6 75.3 76.5 77.4 78.26.3 Employment rate 56.1 55.8 56.8 58.7 60.2 62.0 64.4 65.7 67.2 70.7 72.5 73.8 74.7 75.5 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 6.0 6.9 6.8 6.4 6.2 6.1 5.7 5.4 4.7 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.6 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 4.1 3.0 2.0 3.3 3.3 2.1 1.4 5.5 2.9 -0.7 2.3 2.4 3.4 3.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.4 1.0 -0.2 1.2 0.6 1.0 1.0 3.7 2.3 -1.7 1.5 1.2 2.1 1.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.2 5.6 0.2 5.0 3.3 1.3 -1.7 -1.0 1.6 0.6 1.0 1.4 2.3 1.77.4 Real unit labour costs 0.2 2.8 -3.5 2.7 1.2 -0.6 -4.0 -3.3 0.2 -1.7 -1.1 -0.7 0.3 -0.37.5 GDP deflator 3.0 2.7 3.8 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.4 1.4 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.17.6 Private consumption deflator 3.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.6 1.0 0.4 1.7 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.47.7 Terms of trade -0.5 -0.1 1.1 0.0 -0.4 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1


8.1 Total expenditure 42.6 41.9 41.1 41.3 42.7 41.9 41.1 39.5 36.5 35.9 36.7 38.1 38.1 38.08.2 Total revenue 38.5 38.6 38.7 38.9 39.2 39.5 39.3 38.5 37.4 39.3 38.7 39.4 39.1 38.98.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -4.2 -3.2 -2.4 -2.4 -3.5 -2.4 -1.7 -1.0 0.9 3.4 1.9 1.2 1.0 1.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -5.1 -2.1 -1.6 -1.2 -2.1 -1.2 -2.0 -2.6 0.0 2.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.38.5 Debt (end of period) 62.6 67.6 67.5 70.2 67.7 68.4 63.3 57.8 55.5 50.3 45.8 43.3 41.0 38.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.1 3.4 2.6 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.4 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.6 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.1 2.4 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.7 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.8 1.8 0.3 2.3 2.0 1.4 0.2 -0.9 -0.5 -1.1 -0.7 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 2.8 -0.4 -4.6 0.5 -2.3 2.5 1.2 -5.1 1.5 1.7 2.8 -2.0 -0.3 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 110.4 111.3 105.7 104.9 102.8 104.3 105.0 100.0 101.5 102.7 105.2 103.0 102.5 102.3 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


179


92. Netherlands(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.6 1.8 2.2 4.9 0.9 0.2 -0.4 2.0 1.1 2.1 2.3 1.5 1.7 1.51.2 Government consumption 3.2 3.5 2.2 2.3 2.5 4.0 -0.3 -0.1 1.3 0.9 1.6 1.8 2.6 2.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.6 0.1 3.3 6.4 -0.2 0.3 -1.4 29.0 -7.3 4.2 3.2 5.6 1.8 1.51.4 of which equipment : 6.9 3.9 8.7 -1.8 1.8 0.6 14.2 4.8 3.2 1.5 7.8 1.1 1.21.5 of which construction : -2.6 2.4 4.2 -0.2 -1.4 -3.9 11.4 10.9 5.5 6.0 5.5 2.7 1.61.6 Exports of goods and services 8.9 3.2 6.0 8.4 3.5 2.8 3.9 7.4 1.7 6.5 3.7 2.0 1.7 1.71.7 Imports of goods and services 9.2 2.7 5.5 9.1 3.3 2.9 2.9 14.5 -2.0 6.2 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.31.8 GDP 4.9 1.8 2.8 4.3 1.3 1.4 0.4 2.0 2.2 2.9 2.6 1.7 1.3 1.3


2.1 Consumption 3.7 1.8 1.6 2.9 1.0 1.0 -0.3 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.22.2 Investment 1.4 0.0 0.7 1.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 5.1 -1.6 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.0 1.8 2.3 4.2 1.0 1.2 -0.5 6.1 -0.7 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.52.5 Exports 3.5 1.6 3.3 5.0 2.2 1.9 2.9 6.0 1.4 5.2 3.1 1.7 1.4 1.52.6 Final demand 8.5 3.4 5.7 9.2 3.2 3.1 2.4 12.1 0.7 7.2 5.0 3.8 3.1 2.92.7 Imports -3.6 -1.4 -2.8 -4.8 -1.8 -1.7 -1.9 -10.1 1.5 -4.3 -2.4 -2.1 -1.8 -1.72.8 Net exports -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.2 1.0 -4.1 2.9 0.9 0.7 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 25.1 23.8 25.2 27.7 27.2 24.9 26.9 27.0 26.0 26.3 26.13.2 Net savings of households : 7.3 8.1 3.6 2.2 2.0 4.1 4.8 5.1 4.3 4.0 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 3.1 2.6 2.2 0.7 1.6 3.6 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.0 4.03.4 National savings 28.0 24.5 25.7 28.2 26.4 27.5 28.4 28.8 28.5 31.4 31.9 31.0 30.3 30.13.5 Gross capital formation 28.1 22.3 23.0 22.8 21.0 21.5 18.8 22.5 20.5 20.6 20.7 21.2 21.3 21.53.6 Current account 1.4 3.1 3.5 5.4 5.4 5.9 9.6 6.3 8.1 10.8 11.2 9.8 9.0 8.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 80.1 84.1 84.5 82.8 80.9 78.8 81.7 81.7 82.7 83.9 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.1 -0.4 0.7 0.1 1.4 -1.7 -1.9 -1.2 0.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.74.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.1 0.5 0.5 -1.1 -0.2 -2.4 -1.9 -1.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.44.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 81.6 93.5 125.0 131.3 134.1 116.6 125.0 125.3 131.6 133.7 134.0 129.0 125.7

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.5 2.3 1.9 2.5 1.9 2.0 0.6 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.65.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.4 2.1 0.4 0.1 1.9 1.0 1.0 0.7 -0.8 -0.7 -1.1 0.0 1.2 1.65.4 Labour productivity growth 3.9 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.0 -0.1 0.7 1.05.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.5 0.8 1.1 1.8 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.4


6.1 Employment 1.6 0.6 1.9 2.4 0.3 1.0 -0.2 1.0 1.5 2.2 2.5 1.8 0.6 0.36.2 Activity rate : : 70.0 77.1 79.3 81.5 83.1 83.8 84.0 84.5 85.2 86.2 86.8 87.36.3 Employment rate 66.9 63.4 65.5 73.2 76.3 79.1 79.2 79.5 80.4 81.9 83.6 84.8 85.2 85.4 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate 60.8 55.0 54.5 60.0 61.5 63.4 63.0 63.3 64.4 65.5 67.0 68.0 68.3 68.4 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.2 7.1 6.9 5.4 4.6 4.5 6.4 6.9 6.0 4.9 3.8 3.5 3.7 4.1 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.3 6.6 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.5 2.1 -0.2 1.2 1.0 1.7 2.5 3.2 2.57.2 Real wages per head (b) 6.1 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.5 -0.4 0.7 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 1.7 1.17.3 Nominal unit labour costs 7.2 4.9 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.1 1.3 -0.9 1.1 0.3 1.8 2.6 2.5 1.57.4 Real unit labour costs 1.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 0.5 -1.7 0.6 -1.0 -0.4 0.1 1.0 0.37.5 GDP deflator 5.9 5.6 1.4 2.1 2.7 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.3 2.2 2.5 1.5 1.27.6 Private consumption deflator 5.0 5.6 1.7 2.0 2.4 1.4 1.6 0.2 0.6 1.4 2.0 2.5 1.5 1.47.7 Terms of trade 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.2 -0.3 1.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 44.5 43.3 44.8 46.5 44.6 43.6 42.4 42.1 42.3 42.9 42.98.2 Total revenue : : : 43.8 41.7 42.7 43.1 42.6 43.6 43.7 43.5 43.8 43.4 43.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -0.7 -1.6 -2.0 -3.4 -2.0 0.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.48.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -1.0 -0.9 -1.9 -1.9 -0.9 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.28.5 Debt (end of period) : 66.5 72.6 52.1 49.8 59.2 67.8 64.6 61.9 56.9 52.4 48.9 47.1 45.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.9 9.4 7.2 5.3 4.3 3.8 2.1 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.6 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.1 7.7 6.7 3.4 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.8 1.7 0.5 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.9 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.0 3.7 5.7 3.1 1.6 2.1 1.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.7 -1.6 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.0 1.5 0.5 0.3 -2.7 2.1 1.2 2.0 -0.4 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 98.6 104.2 105.1 102.7 100.0 101.3 101.9 103.3 103.8 103.4 103.1 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


180


93. Austria(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 1.7 1.2 0.5 0.5 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.31.2 Government consumption 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.0 2.2 0.4 0.9 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 6.5 0.8 3.5 3.1 0.2 -0.6 2.1 2.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 2.9 1.2 1.11.4 of which equipment 5.5 2.1 2.9 4.7 -0.5 -0.6 2.4 3.9 9.3 6.3 4.3 3.9 1.1 1.11.5 of which construction 7.2 -0.2 3.7 0.9 -0.4 -2.3 0.8 0.1 0.5 3.3 3.7 2.6 1.2 0.91.6 Exports of goods and services 8.6 5.7 4.1 8.6 5.1 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.1 5.0 5.9 2.3 2.3 2.31.7 Imports of goods and services 8.6 4.4 4.4 6.3 4.5 2.2 2.6 3.6 3.7 5.0 4.6 2.6 2.3 2.01.8 GDP 4.9 2.3 2.6 3.0 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.0 2.1 2.5 2.4 1.5 1.4 1.4


2.1 Consumption 3.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.92.2 Investment 1.7 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.0 -0.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 4.9 2.1 2.8 2.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.2 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.12.5 Exports 2.3 1.8 1.4 3.2 2.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.6 3.2 1.3 1.3 1.32.6 Final demand 7.2 3.9 4.2 5.5 3.6 2.4 2.2 2.8 3.8 4.7 4.8 2.9 2.6 2.42.7 Imports -2.3 -1.5 -1.6 -2.4 -1.9 -1.0 -1.3 -1.8 -1.8 -2.5 -2.3 -1.4 -1.2 -1.02.8 Net exports 0.0 0.3 -0.2 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.9 -0.1 0.1 0.3


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 22.5 23.2 25.5 23.8 22.6 25.0 23.7 23.9 23.9 23.9 23.93.2 Net savings of households : : : 6.8 5.8 6.8 4.5 3.8 4.4 4.1 4.3 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.6 2.4 1.3 2.0 3.1 2.0 3.0 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.93.4 National savings 28.5 23.4 22.9 24.1 25.6 26.9 25.8 25.7 27.1 26.7 27.6 27.7 27.7 27.83.5 Gross capital formation 29.7 27.1 25.8 26.1 24.2 23.6 23.8 23.8 24.2 24.8 25.1 25.5 25.5 25.53.6 Current account 0.1 -2.5 -1.7 -2.1 1.3 3.2 2.1 1.9 2.9 1.7 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : 85.8 84.5 84.4 84.0 84.3 86.7 88.5 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 1.1 -0.5 -1.9 -1.2 -0.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.54.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.4 -1.4 -0.7 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.14.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 96.8 107.2 115.6 124.1 127.3 114.3 113.2 114.4 115.4 114.4 112.2 111.6 111.5

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.3 3.6 3.0 2.8 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.75.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.55.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.3 3.4 2.4 1.9 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.1 1.15.4 Labour productivity growth 4.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.85.5 Total factor productivity growth 3.1 0.7 1.1 1.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.3


6.1 Employment 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.1 0.7 0.66.2 Activity rate : : : 71.7 72.5 75.3 76.6 76.4 77.0 77.4 77.9 78.4 78.8 79.36.3 Employment rate 71.8 70.4 67.7 68.4 69.1 72.0 73.7 73.7 74.0 74.9 76.0 76.7 77.1 77.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.3 2.1 3.7 4.4 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.7 6.0 5.5 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.6 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.4 7.6 4.6 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.6 2.9 2.8 2.0 1.97.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.1 1.8 2.2 0.7 0.1 0.6 -0.2 0.5 1.0 -0.4 0.8 1.1 0.4 0.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.3 5.3 2.5 -0.2 0.7 2.2 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.8 2.2 2.3 1.3 1.17.4 Real unit labour costs -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -1.1 -1.0 0.5 0.2 -0.8 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.5 -0.4 -0.67.5 GDP deflator 4.6 5.5 2.7 0.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.3 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.77.6 Private consumption deflator 4.1 5.7 2.4 1.1 1.8 1.8 2.4 1.5 1.4 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.67.7 Terms of trade 0.3 -1.0 0.1 -0.9 0.1 -0.5 -0.3 1.6 0.8 -1.3 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 52.6 51.7 51.3 51.5 51.1 50.1 49.1 48.6 48.3 48.4 48.18.2 Total revenue : : : 49.7 49.5 48.3 49.2 50.1 48.6 48.4 48.8 48.8 48.7 48.58.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -3.0 -2.2 -3.0 -2.4 -1.0 -1.5 -0.7 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.48.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -3.1 -1.9 -3.0 -2.1 -0.2 -1.1 -0.9 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.38.5 Debt (end of period) 16.7 48.1 68.3 66.1 68.6 82.7 84.0 84.9 82.9 78.3 74.0 69.9 67.2 64.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 8.9 7.4 5.4 4.3 3.9 2.3 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.7 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 7.1 6.5 3.6 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : 1.8 0.9 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.0 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 3.2 4.6 4.5 2.6 2.1 0.4 -1.5 -1.3 -0.5 -1.0 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.5 -2.0 1.6 0.7 2.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 103.8 101.9 102.0 100.6 100.0 101.7 102.8 105.0 104.0 103.7 103.4 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


181


94. Portugal(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.7 2.8 5.0 4.1 1.2 1.1 -2.0 2.0 2.6 2.1 3.1 2.3 1.9 1.91.2 Government consumption 8.3 6.0 4.7 3.9 2.7 0.4 -2.5 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.71.3 Gross fixed capital formation 9.1 -0.3 5.9 8.2 -1.9 -1.2 -8.2 5.9 2.5 11.5 5.8 6.5 4.8 5.01.4 of which equipment 11.8 0.2 8.5 12.2 -2.1 1.7 -6.0 10.6 8.0 12.4 7.5 6.5 5.6 6.01.5 of which construction 7.0 -0.5 3.2 6.9 -2.5 -4.0 -11.6 5.2 -1.1 12.2 4.6 7.0 4.5 4.71.6 Exports of goods and services 9.7 6.3 8.8 6.6 2.9 3.2 5.4 6.3 4.4 8.4 3.8 2.7 2.7 2.81.7 Imports of goods and services 11.4 3.0 12.8 9.0 2.0 2.5 -0.2 8.0 5.0 8.1 5.8 4.6 3.9 4.01.8 GDP 6.4 2.5 4.0 4.1 0.9 0.6 -1.5 1.8 2.0 3.5 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.7


2.1 Consumption 4.9 2.7 4.1 3.3 1.3 0.8 -1.8 1.5 1.8 1.4 2.1 1.6 1.4 1.42.2 Investment 2.3 -0.1 1.7 2.1 -0.5 -0.3 -1.5 0.9 0.4 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.02.3 Stockbuilding 0.5 -0.4 0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 7.6 2.2 6.4 5.3 0.7 0.6 -3.3 2.4 2.2 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.32.5 Exports 1.7 1.3 2.4 1.8 0.8 0.9 1.9 2.5 1.8 3.4 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.22.6 Final demand 9.3 3.5 8.8 7.1 1.5 1.5 -1.4 4.9 4.0 6.7 4.9 3.9 3.5 3.52.7 Imports -2.8 -1.0 -4.8 -3.2 -0.7 -0.9 0.0 -3.2 -2.0 -3.2 -2.4 -2.0 -1.8 -1.82.8 Net exports -1.2 0.3 -2.4 -1.4 0.1 0.0 1.9 -0.7 -0.2 0.2 -0.8 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 19.0 17.5 14.4 17.8 16.8 17.0 17.2 16.0 16.3 16.3 16.13.2 Net savings of households : : : 4.6 3.3 0.7 0.5 -0.8 -0.8 -1.4 -1.5 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 0.8 -1.3 -2.5 -3.3 -0.9 -0.5 1.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.73.4 National savings 25.0 23.9 22.3 19.8 16.2 11.9 14.6 15.8 16.5 18.2 18.3 18.6 18.7 18.93.5 Gross capital formation 27.2 32.3 27.5 27.4 24.9 22.3 16.1 15.9 15.8 17.2 18.1 19.0 19.4 19.93.6 Current account -2.7 -8.8 -5.6 -7.6 -8.7 -10.4 -1.5 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.7 -1.0


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 80.7 84.2 83.2 80.3 77.1 80.3 80.1 80.5 81.5 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.6 1.9 -2.9 -3.1 -2.1 0.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.34.3 Potential GDP gap : -2.7 0.1 1.6 -0.2 -0.2 -3.5 -2.3 -1.2 0.9 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.44.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 79.3 200.4 194.7 183.8 189.4 193.4 222.7 233.6 238.3 236.4 237.2 240.3 243.7

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.7 4.7 4.1 4.4 3.2 1.8 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.5 0.7 1.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 2.4 5.2 3.8 2.1 3.2 2.5 1.4 -1.9 -2.2 -3.3 -2.2 -0.5 0.2 0.55.4 Labour productivity growth 6.1 2.9 3.7 1.9 0.9 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 1.0 1.2 1.25.5 Total factor productivity growth 5.1 1.0 2.3 1.1 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0


6.1 Employment 0.3 -0.4 0.3 2.2 0.0 -0.7 -1.9 1.4 1.6 3.3 2.3 1.0 0.5 0.56.2 Activity rate : : : 75.3 78.3 79.4 78.1 77.7 78.1 79.3 79.6 79.7 79.8 79.86.3 Employment rate : : : 70.5 73.0 71.8 66.8 68.1 69.6 72.4 74.1 74.8 75.2 75.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 2.5 7.3 6.8 6.4 7.1 9.9 14.8 12.6 11.2 9.0 7.0 6.3 5.9 5.6 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.5 21.6 14.3 5.8 3.8 2.5 -0.9 0.3 1.2 2.3 2.5 3.2 2.8 2.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 7.3 1.3 4.8 2.8 0.4 0.6 -2.0 -0.6 0.2 0.7 1.2 2.7 1.6 1.47.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.1 18.1 10.2 3.8 2.9 1.2 -1.3 -0.1 0.8 2.1 2.4 2.2 1.7 1.67.4 Real unit labour costs 0.8 -1.7 0.1 0.4 -0.5 -0.7 -1.8 -2.0 -0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.1 -0.17.5 GDP deflator 4.2 20.1 10.0 3.4 3.4 1.9 0.6 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 3.8 20.0 9.0 2.9 3.4 1.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.2 1.47.7 Terms of trade 1.2 -2.0 3.0 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 3.2 1.6 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 42.7 45.2 47.4 50.1 48.2 44.8 45.4 43.5 43.4 43.4 43.18.2 Total revenue : : : 38.9 40.0 41.0 43.6 43.8 42.9 42.4 43.0 43.3 43.4 43.78.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -3.8 -5.2 -6.4 -6.6 -4.4 -1.9 -3.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.68.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -4.7 -5.1 -6.3 -4.7 -3.2 -1.3 -3.4 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -0.18.5 Debt (end of period) 13.4 55.7 58.3 54.2 72.2 100.2 132.9 131.2 131.5 126.0 122.2 119.5 117.1 113.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate : : 13.5 6.0 4.4 4.5 7.7 2.4 3.2 3.1 1.8 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 14.7 14.1 5.0 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : -0.6 1.1 1.5 1.7 7.1 2.4 3.4 3.4 2.2 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : : 3.2 2.6 0.9 2.5 7.1 0.4 1.4 1.5 0.3 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.9 1.4 0.3 0.3 -2.7 1.8 1.0 1.8 -0.4 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 97.9 103.5 106.7 103.6 100.0 101.7 102.4 103.2 101.4 100.9 100.5 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


182


95. Slovenia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 2.9 2.1 1.0 0.8 -2.2 -3.9 1.6 2.0 4.4 2.3 3.4 3.0 2.9 3.01.2 Government consumption 5.2 2.0 0.0 -0.1 -2.4 -2.0 -0.2 2.3 2.5 0.3 3.2 2.0 1.9 1.81.3 Gross fixed capital formation 7.0 -22.1 -13.4 -4.9 -8.5 3.4 -0.1 -1.2 -3.7 10.4 9.4 6.1 6.0 5.91.4 of which equipment 2.6 -30.9 -8.4 13.9 -12.2 13.0 -8.6 4.3 7.4 12.5 10.7 2.5 2.1 2.11.5 of which construction 10.8 -20.6 -20.4 -18.3 -6.4 -4.7 9.5 -4.6 -14.4 9.1 8.9 10.4 10.0 9.31.6 Exports of goods and services 4.2 -16.6 10.2 6.9 0.5 3.1 6.0 4.7 6.5 10.8 6.6 7.9 4.9 4.61.7 Imports of goods and services 4.1 -18.4 6.6 5.3 -3.5 2.1 4.2 4.3 6.7 10.7 7.7 9.2 5.8 5.51.8 GDP 3.5 -7.5 1.3 0.9 -2.6 -1.0 2.8 2.2 3.1 4.8 4.1 2.6 2.7 2.7


2.1 Consumption 2.4 1.4 0.5 0.4 -1.7 -2.7 0.9 1.6 2.8 1.3 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.92.2 Investment 2.0 -6.5 -3.2 -1.0 -1.7 0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.7 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.22.3 Stockbuilding -0.9 -4.1 1.9 0.4 -2.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 3.5 -9.1 -0.8 -0.2 -5.4 -1.8 1.2 1.6 2.7 3.8 4.3 2.9 3.0 3.12.5 Exports 2.8 -11.0 5.8 4.4 0.3 2.2 4.5 3.6 5.0 8.4 5.5 6.8 4.3 4.12.6 Final demand 6.3 -20.1 5.0 4.2 -5.1 0.4 5.7 5.2 7.7 12.2 9.8 9.6 7.4 7.22.7 Imports -2.8 12.6 -3.7 -3.4 2.4 -1.5 -2.9 -3.0 -4.6 -7.4 -5.7 -7.1 -4.6 -4.52.8 Net exports 0.0 1.6 2.1 1.1 2.8 0.8 1.6 0.6 0.4 1.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4


3.1 Private sector savings 23.3 22.6 21.8 22.0 19.7 22.1 24.0 21.9 22.1 23.1 22.6 23.4 23.7 23.83.2 Net savings of households 4.8 3.5 2.6 1.7 0.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.5 2.7 : : 3.3 General government savings 4.0 -0.5 -0.6 -1.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.5 1.2 1.3 3.2 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.23.4 National savings 27.3 22.0 21.2 20.7 19.6 21.9 24.5 23.1 23.3 26.3 26.9 27.3 27.7 28.03.5 Gross capital formation 32.9 23.5 22.4 21.7 18.8 19.6 19.4 19.2 18.4 20.1 21.1 21.5 22.2 22.93.6 Current account -5.6 -1.4 -1.1 -1.0 0.9 2.3 5.1 3.9 4.9 6.3 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.1


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 83.8 71.3 76.3 79.8 78.8 78.3 80.3 83.3 83.6 85.1 85.3 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 9.7 -0.1 0.1 0.0 -3.7 -5.8 -4.5 -4.0 -2.9 -0.3 1.4 1.7 2.1 2.54.3 Potential GDP gap 6.6 -3.4 -3.0 -2.6 -5.4 -6.6 -4.7 -3.4 -1.5 1.4 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 6.2 2.3 0.5 0.0 -0.9 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -1.3 -0.5 0.2 0.8 1.4 1.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.6 4.0 2.7 1.7 0.0 0.4 -1.2 -2.2 -3.1 -3.4 -2.9 -1.5 -0.1 0.65.4 Labour productivity growth 1.0 -6.0 3.5 2.6 -1.7 0.1 2.3 0.9 1.3 1.8 0.9 0.3 1.2 1.45.5 Total factor productivity growth -0.4 -7.4 2.5 1.9 -1.7 -0.1 2.8 1.7 2.5 3.1 2.1 0.8 1.3 1.1


6.1 Employment 2.5 -1.6 -2.1 -1.7 -0.9 -1.1 0.4 1.3 1.8 3.0 3.2 2.3 1.5 1.36.2 Activity rate 73.7 73.4 72.9 72.5 72.8 73.4 74.0 75.0 76.2 78.1 80.2 82.2 84.0 85.86.3 Employment rate 70.5 69.1 67.6 66.6 66.5 66.2 67.0 68.5 70.4 73.2 76.2 78.7 80.6 82.4 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.4 5.9 7.3 8.2 8.9 10.1 9.7 9.0 8.0 6.6 5.1 4.4 4.2 4.2 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 7.2 1.8 3.9 1.6 -1.0 0.5 1.2 1.5 3.1 3.0 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.67.2 Real wages per head (b) 1.5 1.0 2.4 -0.2 -2.6 -1.6 1.7 2.1 3.8 1.3 1.7 2.0 1.4 1.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 6.2 8.3 0.4 -1.0 0.7 0.4 -1.1 0.6 1.8 1.2 3.0 3.3 2.4 2.27.4 Real unit labour costs 1.6 4.8 1.4 -2.0 0.3 -1.2 -1.5 -0.4 1.1 -0.4 0.7 0.7 0.0 -0.27.5 GDP deflator 4.5 3.4 -1.0 1.0 0.5 1.6 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.6 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.37.6 Private consumption deflator 5.6 0.9 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 1.7 2.2 1.6 2.2 2.27.7 Terms of trade -1.3 3.5 -4.0 -1.4 -1.1 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.8 -0.5 -0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure 45.1 49.4 50.2 50.9 49.4 60.3 50.8 48.7 46.2 44.1 43.5 43.6 43.1 42.88.2 Total revenue 43.7 43.5 44.6 44.2 45.4 45.7 45.3 45.9 44.3 44.0 44.3 44.0 43.6 43.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -1.4 -5.8 -5.6 -6.6 -4.0 -14.6 -5.5 -2.8 -1.9 0.0 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.68.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -4.5 -4.2 -4.2 -5.4 -1.5 -11.5 -3.3 -1.3 -1.2 -0.7 -0.7 -1.0 -1.0 -0.78.5 Debt (end of period) 21.8 34.5 38.3 46.5 53.6 70.0 80.3 82.6 78.7 74.1 70.4 66.7 63.1 59.5


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.6 4.4 3.8 5.0 5.8 5.8 3.3 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.6 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.0 3.2 3.0 3.6 5.2 5.6 3.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.1 0.9 4.9 3.9 5.3 4.1 2.8 0.7 0.4 -0.6 -1.3 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 0.8 3.4 -2.4 0.5 -1.1 1.6 2.2 0.2 1.7 0.2 2.1 -0.1 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 102.1 104.5 101.8 100.9 99.7 101.1 102.1 100.0 100.5 100.3 102.1 101.8 101.8 101.9 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


183


96. Slovakia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 7.0 -0.2 0.8 -1.9 0.4 -1.2 1.9 2.8 3.9 4.3 3.9 1.8 2.4 2.11.2 Government consumption 6.3 6.0 1.4 -2.3 -2.0 1.5 4.4 5.3 1.9 1.0 0.2 3.0 3.5 2.61.3 Gross fixed capital formation 3.7 -19.7 8.1 14.2 -10.1 1.3 2.8 21.6 -9.3 3.9 3.7 1.0 2.6 2.81.4 of which equipment 17.3 -23.8 14.2 35.9 -12.0 -9.0 20.9 17.1 -2.0 0.8 -3.5 0.7 1.8 2.31.5 of which construction -3.7 -13.6 -8.5 9.4 -8.7 5.8 -8.5 27.6 -17.0 9.6 6.4 1.8 3.2 3.31.6 Exports of goods and services 3.0 -16.4 17.3 10.6 9.1 6.0 3.7 6.6 5.0 3.5 5.4 1.2 3.8 4.51.7 Imports of goods and services 4.1 -18.9 16.6 7.8 2.1 5.6 4.5 8.5 4.8 3.9 5.0 1.6 3.8 4.11.8 GDP 5.6 -5.5 5.7 2.9 1.9 0.7 2.8 4.8 2.1 3.0 4.0 2.7 2.6 2.7


2.1 Consumption 4.9 1.0 0.8 -1.5 -0.2 -0.4 1.8 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.2 1.6 2.0 1.72.2 Investment 0.9 -4.9 1.7 3.0 -2.3 0.3 0.6 4.4 -2.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.62.3 Stockbuilding 0.7 -3.9 2.8 -0.8 -1.6 0.1 0.9 -0.8 1.6 -0.2 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 6.5 -7.8 5.3 0.7 -4.1 0.0 3.3 6.1 1.8 3.2 3.5 3.1 2.5 2.32.5 Exports 2.5 -13.1 11.8 8.2 7.8 5.5 3.5 6.1 4.6 3.3 5.1 1.1 3.6 4.32.6 Final demand 9.0 -20.9 17.1 8.9 3.7 5.5 6.8 12.2 6.4 6.5 8.6 4.2 6.1 6.62.7 Imports -3.4 15.5 -11.3 -6.1 -1.8 -4.8 -4.0 -7.4 -4.3 -3.5 -4.6 -1.5 -3.5 -3.92.8 Net exports -0.9 2.4 0.5 2.2 6.0 0.7 -0.5 -1.3 0.3 -0.2 0.5 -0.4 0.1 0.4


3.1 Private sector savings 21.6 21.9 24.5 22.7 24.8 24.3 24.1 21.5 20.1 18.8 19.4 19.8 20.1 20.53.2 Net savings of households 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.5 : : 3.3 General government savings 1.5 -3.4 -3.9 -1.2 -1.6 -0.2 0.2 2.1 1.0 2.3 2.4 2.0 1.2 1.03.4 National savings 23.1 18.6 20.5 21.6 23.2 24.0 24.3 23.7 21.1 21.2 21.8 21.7 21.3 21.53.5 Gross capital formation 28.4 20.5 23.9 25.2 20.7 20.9 21.7 24.3 23.1 23.0 23.4 24.1 23.9 23.83.6 Current account -5.3 -1.9 -3.3 -3.7 2.6 3.1 2.6 -0.6 -2.0 -1.8 -1.6 -2.4 -2.6 -2.3


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 83.4 68.1 76.1 78.3 77.5 77.1 80.6 82.3 84.5 84.9 85.6 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 9.3 -0.6 1.5 1.1 -0.1 -2.3 -2.4 -0.5 -1.1 -0.9 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.04.3 Potential GDP gap 5.8 -3.1 -0.9 -1.8 -2.3 -3.5 -2.7 -0.7 -0.6 0.3 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.54.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.6 0.9 1.9 3.7 1.8 1.7 2.0 4.6 2.6 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.55.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.3 2.9 3.4 1.9 1.8 2.5 0.5 2.6 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.9 2.5 2.55.4 Labour productivity growth 2.3 -3.6 7.3 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.3 2.8 -0.3 0.8 2.0 1.8 2.4 2.55.5 Total factor productivity growth 1.5 -5.1 5.4 0.0 0.9 0.1 1.0 1.3 -0.4 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.1


6.1 Employment 3.2 -2.0 -1.5 1.8 0.1 -0.8 1.4 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.0 0.8 0.2 0.26.2 Activity rate 69.3 69.2 69.6 69.0 69.8 70.3 70.8 71.6 72.7 73.2 73.6 74.1 74.7 75.26.3 Employment rate 62.8 60.9 59.7 59.6 60.1 60.3 61.5 63.4 65.7 67.2 68.8 69.8 70.4 71.0 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 9.6 12.1 14.5 13.7 14.0 14.2 13.2 11.5 9.7 8.1 6.5 5.8 5.7 5.6 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 6.7 2.6 5.4 2.0 2.5 2.6 2.0 3.7 2.2 5.4 5.6 7.1 5.4 4.97.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.1 2.5 4.4 -1.8 -0.9 1.2 2.1 3.9 2.6 3.9 3.2 4.5 3.0 2.57.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.3 6.4 -1.8 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.9 2.5 4.5 3.5 5.2 3.0 2.47.4 Real unit labour costs 1.4 7.6 -2.3 -0.7 -0.7 0.6 0.9 1.2 3.0 3.3 1.4 2.7 0.6 0.27.5 GDP deflator 2.9 -1.2 0.5 1.7 1.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 1.2 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.27.6 Private consumption deflator 4.5 0.1 1.0 3.9 3.4 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 1.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.47.7 Terms of trade -1.6 -1.1 -0.8 -1.3 -1.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2


8.1 Total expenditure 37.0 44.4 42.2 41.4 41.0 42.3 43.3 45.8 42.7 41.5 41.8 41.8 41.8 41.58.2 Total revenue 34.5 36.3 34.7 37.0 36.6 39.4 40.2 43.1 40.2 40.6 40.8 40.8 40.7 40.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.5 -8.1 -7.5 -4.5 -4.4 -2.9 -3.1 -2.7 -2.5 -1.0 -1.1 -0.9 -1.2 -1.38.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -4.7 -7.0 -7.1 -3.8 -3.5 -1.5 -2.1 -2.4 -2.3 -1.1 -1.7 -1.6 -1.8 -1.88.5 Debt (end of period) 28.6 36.4 41.0 43.5 51.8 54.7 53.5 51.9 52.0 51.3 49.4 48.1 47.3 46.9


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.7 4.7 3.9 4.5 4.6 3.2 2.1 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.2 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.6 3.5 3.1 3.1 4.0 3.0 1.9 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.2 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.8 5.9 3.4 2.7 3.2 2.7 2.3 1.1 1.1 -0.3 -1.1 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 8.8 7.7 -2.7 0.3 -0.8 1.4 1.6 -0.8 1.9 0.5 1.7 -0.1 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 97.8 104.5 100.1 101.1 101.2 102.2 102.4 100.0 100.6 100.5 102.6 103.3 104.0 104.2 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


184


97. Finland(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.2 2.9 1.6 3.5 3.2 1.9 0.8 1.9 2.4 1.0 1.8 0.6 1.1 1.51.2 Government consumption 5.4 4.1 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.1 0.3 1.1 1.4 0.2 1.5 2.4 2.5 0.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.8 2.3 -0.9 8.4 1.9 0.2 -0.8 0.3 8.9 4.0 3.3 0.7 0.4 1.51.4 of which equipment 4.6 3.5 -0.7 5.6 1.1 -2.0 3.0 4.7 14.0 6.4 -1.1 2.1 1.2 2.91.5 of which construction 5.1 0.9 -2.8 9.2 2.0 0.7 -0.9 1.3 10.2 4.3 4.5 0.0 -0.3 0.31.6 Exports of goods and services 7.2 4.5 5.2 11.2 4.0 1.6 0.2 0.6 3.7 8.8 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.41.7 Imports of goods and services 7.3 2.8 3.9 9.3 5.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 5.8 4.1 5.0 1.8 2.5 3.01.8 GDP 5.0 3.1 1.5 5.1 2.6 0.9 0.0 0.6 2.6 3.1 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.0


2.1 Consumption 3.7 2.3 1.2 2.2 2.0 1.2 0.5 1.3 1.6 0.6 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.92.2 Investment 1.4 0.6 -0.2 1.8 0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.1 1.9 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.4 2.9 1.2 4.0 2.6 1.0 0.6 1.4 3.5 1.6 2.7 1.3 1.2 1.22.5 Exports 1.3 1.3 1.5 4.2 1.6 0.8 0.1 0.2 1.3 3.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.02.6 Final demand 6.6 4.4 2.7 8.1 4.2 1.7 0.6 1.7 4.8 4.7 3.5 2.0 2.1 2.22.7 Imports -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -2.7 -1.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7 -2.1 -1.5 -1.9 -0.7 -1.0 -1.22.8 Net exports 0.0 0.6 0.4 1.4 -0.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.4 -0.8 1.6 -1.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.2


3.1 Private sector savings : : 17.8 21.7 22.5 21.7 19.4 19.7 19.0 20.0 20.7 21.4 21.3 21.33.2 Net savings of households : : 1.6 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : 4.8 5.5 6.9 5.2 1.9 1.2 2.4 3.1 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.63.4 National savings 26.3 27.4 22.7 27.2 29.3 26.9 21.3 20.9 21.3 23.1 23.9 24.3 24.0 23.93.5 Gross capital formation 28.4 29.4 24.8 22.3 23.0 23.7 22.9 21.7 23.3 23.9 24.9 25.2 25.1 25.33.6 Current account -1.5 -2.2 -2.2 5.5 6.1 2.8 -1.7 -0.8 -1.9 -0.8 -1.4 -1.3 -1.5 -1.7


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : 85.6 83.3 80.2 79.0 79.2 78.0 82.3 83.8 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.8 2.2 -1.5 -3.5 -1.8 0.2 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.74.3 Potential GDP gap : -2.3 -0.8 0.9 -0.3 0.3 -2.0 -3.2 -1.7 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.04.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 80.2 82.9 135.5 150.6 134.5 116.5 120.0 125.1 135.7 137.0 131.4 128.0 124.6

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 5.2 3.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.1 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.05.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.7 3.3 3.6 -0.6 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.6 -0.8 0.8 1.2 1.35.4 Labour productivity growth 4.5 2.7 3.2 2.8 1.6 0.3 -0.3 0.6 2.2 2.0 -0.9 0.4 0.7 0.75.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.6 1.4 1.7 3.1 1.3 -0.2 -0.7 0.3 1.8 1.7 -0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1


6.1 Employment 0.4 0.3 -1.6 2.2 1.0 0.6 0.3 -0.1 0.5 1.0 2.6 0.9 0.4 0.36.2 Activity rate 76.8 76.1 74.4 72.6 74.8 76.8 78.4 79.9 80.0 81.0 82.4 82.7 83.0 83.36.3 Employment rate 75.4 72.4 68.0 64.0 68.1 71.1 72.2 72.6 73.2 74.2 76.5 77.4 77.9 78.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 4.8 8.7 11.7 8.9 7.5 8.1 9.4 8.8 8.6 7.4 6.7 6.5 6.4 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.1 13.2 5.9 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.1 1.4 0.9 -1.1 0.7 3.1 3.0 3.27.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.1 2.6 2.3 1.3 1.5 0.9 -0.3 1.3 0.6 -1.8 -0.4 1.8 1.6 1.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 6.3 10.2 2.7 0.3 1.3 2.7 2.5 0.8 -1.2 -3.0 1.7 2.7 2.3 2.57.4 Real unit labour costs -0.4 0.0 -1.1 -1.2 0.1 0.9 0.0 -0.9 -1.4 -3.7 -0.4 1.2 0.5 0.57.5 GDP deflator 6.7 10.3 3.9 1.5 1.2 1.8 2.4 1.7 0.2 0.7 2.1 1.4 1.8 2.07.6 Private consumption deflator 5.7 10.4 3.5 1.8 1.3 2.0 2.5 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.57.7 Terms of trade 0.1 -1.1 0.9 -1.4 -1.2 -1.2 -0.3 2.7 0.0 -0.6 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2


8.1 Total expenditure : : 54.0 53.4 48.6 50.1 55.8 56.5 55.6 53.7 53.1 53.0 53.5 53.48.2 Total revenue : : 53.6 54.5 51.9 51.8 53.6 54.0 53.9 53.0 52.2 51.9 52.1 51.88.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : -0.4 1.1 3.3 1.6 -2.2 -2.4 -1.7 -0.7 -0.8 -1.1 -1.4 -1.68.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : 0.1 0.6 3.4 1.5 -1.0 -0.5 -0.7 -0.7 -1.0 -1.3 -1.6 -1.68.5 Debt (end of period) 7.7 15.8 55.2 42.5 39.9 46.9 59.8 63.0 62.6 60.9 59.0 59.2 59.3 59.8


9.1 Long-term interest rate 8.0 11.2 10.8 5.6 4.3 3.8 2.1 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 12.2 10.3 3.6 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : -1.0 0.4 2.1 1.5 1.0 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.0 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.2 1.0 6.7 4.0 3.1 2.0 -0.4 -0.9 0.2 -0.2 -1.4 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 0.0 2.6 0.5 0.8 -1.0 2.3 0.7 3.4 -0.5 0.1 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 102.4 104.5 103.0 100.6 100.0 101.3 100.8 103.1 101.8 101.3 100.7 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


185


98. EA-19(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 0.3 -1.1 0.9 0.1 -1.1 -0.6 0.9 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.21.2 Government consumption 2.6 2.4 0.8 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.8 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.5 1.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation -1.1 -11.0 -0.3 1.6 -3.2 -2.4 1.4 4.8 4.0 3.5 2.3 4.3 2.0 1.91.4 of which equipment 0.6 -18.5 5.2 4.1 -4.3 -3.2 4.3 5.2 5.8 4.0 4.3 : : 1.5 of which construction -2.7 -9.8 -4.1 0.0 -4.4 -3.5 -0.7 0.2 2.7 3.6 3.4 3.7 2.3 1.81.6 Exports of goods and services 0.9 -12.4 11.1 6.5 2.3 1.9 4.8 6.6 2.9 5.5 3.3 2.4 2.1 2.31.7 Imports of goods and services 0.4 -11.4 9.7 4.3 -1.2 1.4 4.9 7.6 4.1 5.0 2.7 3.2 2.6 2.71.8 GDP 0.4 -4.5 2.1 1.7 -0.9 -0.2 1.4 2.1 1.9 2.5 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.2


2.1 Consumption 0.6 -0.1 0.7 0.0 -0.7 -0.3 0.7 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.92.2 Investment -0.3 -2.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.7 -0.5 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.42.3 Stockbuilding -0.2 -1.3 0.9 0.4 -1.0 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 0.2 -3.9 1.5 0.8 -2.3 -0.5 1.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.32.5 Exports 0.3 -5.0 3.9 2.5 1.0 0.8 2.1 3.0 1.3 2.5 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.12.6 Final demand 0.6 -8.9 5.4 3.3 -1.4 0.3 3.4 5.2 3.6 4.6 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.42.7 Imports -0.2 4.4 -3.3 -1.6 0.5 -0.6 -2.0 -3.1 -1.7 -2.1 -1.2 -1.4 -1.2 -1.22.8 Net exports 0.2 -0.5 0.6 0.9 1.5 0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings 21.1 22.8 23.0 22.8 21.9 21.8 22.1 22.5 22.8 22.6 22.5 22.8 23.0 23.23.2 Net savings of households 3.9 4.8 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.9 : : 3.3 General government savings 2.0 -1.7 -1.4 -0.3 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.6 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.23.4 National savings 23.1 21.1 21.6 22.4 22.3 22.5 23.1 23.9 24.4 25.0 25.3 25.3 25.4 25.53.5 Gross capital formation 23.6 20.4 21.0 21.5 20.0 19.6 20.0 20.4 20.7 21.2 21.5 21.9 22.2 22.43.6 Current account -0.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.3 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.1


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 83.0 71.6 76.7 80.6 79.2 78.9 80.4 81.1 81.6 83.0 83.8 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 3.3 -2.2 -0.8 0.2 -1.5 -2.6 -2.2 -1.2 -0.6 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.44.3 Potential GDP gap 1.7 -3.6 -2.2 -1.2 -2.3 -3.2 -2.6 -1.8 -1.0 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.05.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.3 3.2 1.7 1.0 1.5 1.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.1 0.8 0.95.4 Labour productivity growth -0.3 -2.5 2.9 1.7 -0.1 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.7 0.85.5 Total factor productivity growth -0.9 -3.9 2.2 1.3 -0.7 -0.1 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.4


6.1 Employment 0.9 -1.9 -0.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.5 0.46.2 Activity rate 74.8 74.9 74.9 75.1 76.0 76.2 76.4 76.6 77.0 77.5 78.0 78.4 78.7 78.96.3 Employment rate 69.4 68.0 67.6 67.8 67.8 67.5 67.9 68.6 69.6 70.8 71.9 72.7 73.1 73.5 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 7.6 9.6 10.2 10.2 11.4 12.0 11.6 10.9 10.0 9.1 8.2 7.6 7.4 7.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 3.5 1.8 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.27.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.7 2.5 0.7 -0.1 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.87.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.9 4.5 -0.5 0.3 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.47.4 Real unit labour costs 1.8 3.5 -1.2 -0.7 0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.4 -0.1 -0.17.5 GDP deflator 2.0 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.57.6 Private consumption deflator 2.8 -0.7 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.47.7 Terms of trade : : : : : : : : : : : : :




9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.3 3.9 3.6 4.3 3.8 3.0 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.6 1.3 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.3 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.7 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.2 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.5 1.7 1.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.2 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 3.7 1.2 -7.7 0.3 -5.3 4.2 3.7 -5.8 2.0 1.6 6.1 -1.3 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 117.4 117.4 107.2 107.0 101.7 105.6 107.8 100.0 100.6 101.7 107.3 105.0 104.0 103.2 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (a) Manufacturing industry (b) Private consumption deflator (c) GDP deflator

186


99. EA-12(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.4 2.3 2.4 2.7 1.4 0.7 -0.2 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.11.2 Government consumption 5.1 3.4 2.2 1.8 1.8 2.0 0.1 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.21.3 Gross fixed capital formation 6.0 0.1 2.8 4.1 1.1 -0.5 -0.7 4.7 4.2 3.4 2.3 4.3 2.0 1.81.4 of which equipment : 1.9 3.0 7.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 5.0 5.7 4.0 4.4 2.5 1.6 1.91.5 of which construction : -0.9 2.5 1.8 1.0 -2.0 -2.2 0.0 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.6 2.2 1.71.6 Exports of goods and services 8.8 4.5 5.4 8.4 3.9 2.6 3.7 6.7 2.8 5.5 3.2 2.3 2.1 2.31.7 Imports of goods and services 9.9 3.1 5.9 8.8 3.6 2.5 2.2 7.7 4.1 4.9 2.6 3.2 2.6 2.61.8 GDP 5.3 2.2 2.5 2.8 1.5 0.8 0.5 2.1 1.9 2.5 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.2


2.1 Consumption 3.9 1.9 : 1.2 1.2 0.8 -0.1 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.92.2 Investment 1.5 0.0 : 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.1 : 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.4 1.8 : 1.2 1.3 0.7 -0.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.32.5 Exports 1.6 1.1 : 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.5 2.9 1.3 2.5 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.12.6 Final demand 7.0 3.0 : 2.7 2.7 1.7 1.3 5.2 3.5 4.5 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.32.7 Imports -1.7 -0.7 : -1.1 -1.2 -0.9 -0.9 -3.1 -1.7 -2.0 -1.1 -1.4 -1.1 -1.12.8 Net exports -0.1 0.4 : 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.7 -0.1 -0.4 0.5 0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : 23.3 20.5 21.5 23.0 22.1 22.6 22.9 22.6 22.6 22.9 23.1 23.33.2 Net savings of households : : 7.0 4.8 4.8 4.5 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.5 : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : -0.5 2.7 1.4 -1.4 0.9 1.3 1.6 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.23.4 National savings : : 22.7 23.2 22.8 21.6 23.1 23.9 24.5 25.0 25.3 25.3 25.4 25.53.5 Gross capital formation 27.2 24.1 : 22.5 22.3 22.4 20.3 20.4 20.7 21.2 21.5 21.9 22.1 22.43.6 Current account 0.5 -0.5 : 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.1


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (b) (c) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap (b) : -0.2 : -0.5 0.3 1.2 -1.5 -1.2 -0.6 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.44.3 Potential GDP gap (b) : -0.6 : 0.0 0.6 0.0 -2.3 -1.8 -1.0 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.24.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) (a) 100.0 77.5 97.4 112.2 117.6 112.2 101.6 106.8 108.8 110.5 108.8 106.6 105.9 104.9

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) (a) 4.7 3.0 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) (b) 2.8 2.9 : 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.05.3 Growth of capital intensity (a) 4.4 2.8 1.7 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.1 0.8 0.95.4 Labour productivity growth (a) 5.1 2.0 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.75.5 Total factor productivity growth (a) 3.5 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.2 -0.1 0.3 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.5 -0.1 0.3 0.4


6.1 Employment (a) 0.3 0.1 0.8 1.6 1.0 0.4 0.0 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.46.2 Activity rate (b) 62.8 61.8 : 66.5 69.4 71.7 73.0 73.6 74.2 74.6 74.9 75.3 75.5 75.76.3 Employment rate (b) 61.3 57.8 : 59.9 63.5 65.6 64.8 65.6 66.8 67.8 68.8 69.6 69.9 70.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate (b) : : : 10.0 8.6 8.6 11.3 10.9 10.1 9.2 8.3 7.7 7.5 7.4 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.3 11.1 5.0 2.1 2.5 2.5 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.7 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.17.2 Real wages per head (d) 5.6 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.87.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.2 9.1 3.3 1.0 1.8 2.0 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.47.4 Real unit labour costs 0.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.5 0.4 -0.1 -1.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.4 -0.1 -0.17.5 GDP deflator 5.0 9.4 4.0 1.4 2.2 1.6 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.47.6 Private consumption deflator 4.5 9.8 3.8 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 48.5 47.2 48.2 49.8 48.5 47.8 47.3 47.2 47.3 47.3 47.28.2 Total revenue : : : 46.0 44.6 44.9 46.5 46.5 46.4 46.4 46.7 46.5 46.3 46.18.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.5 -2.6 -3.4 -3.3 -2.0 -1.5 -0.9 -0.5 -0.8 -0.9 -1.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -2.5 -3.0 -3.4 -2.0 -1.0 -0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -1.1 -1.1 -1.28.5 Debt (end of period) : 49.8 : 69.4 71.0 86.9 96.0 93.9 93.0 90.7 88.8 87.4 86.1 85.2


9.1 Long-term interest rate (b) 6.9 11.6 : : 4.3 4.0 3.3 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate (b) 5.2 11.0 : 4.3 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) (b) 1.7 0.6 : 1.4 1.5 1.2 2.7 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.5 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (b) (e) 1.6 1.5 : 4.0 2.0 2.4 2.1 -0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.1 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate (a) : : 4.6 -2.9 5.3 2.0 0.2 -6.9 4.1 4.2 6.0 -0.9 -0.3 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate (a) : : 110.6 102.1 101.1 111.4 107.5 100.0 103.1 106.4 111.3 109.0 107.3 106.2 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)

(a) 1961-91: including West-Germany (b) 1961-90: including West-Germany (c) Manufacturing industry (d) Private consumption deflator (e) GDP deflator

187


100. Bulgaria(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 3.4 -4.4 0.3 2.6 3.3 -2.6 2.9 3.8 3.5 3.8 4.4 6.1 3.8 3.71.2 Government consumption 1.9 -5.9 2.1 2.3 -1.8 0.7 -0.1 1.8 2.2 4.3 5.3 4.8 2.6 1.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 22.0 -17.7 -17.6 -4.4 1.8 0.5 3.5 2.7 -6.6 3.2 5.4 1.8 3.0 3.31.4 of which equipment 3.8 -45.3 -11.3 26.8 -5.4 1.9 14.0 9.7 -14.8 4.4 8.8 13.5 3.1 3.11.5 of which construction 46.7 0.5 -21.7 -20.6 9.5 -0.5 -4.1 -3.8 -2.7 -3.2 0.8 0.3 2.2 2.91.6 Exports of goods and services 2.5 -11.7 11.0 12.6 2.0 9.6 3.1 6.4 8.6 5.8 1.7 -0.2 3.2 3.21.7 Imports of goods and services 4.9 -21.5 -0.9 9.9 5.6 4.3 5.2 4.8 5.2 7.4 5.7 0.5 3.8 3.71.8 GDP 6.1 -3.4 0.6 2.4 0.4 0.3 1.9 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.6 3.0 2.9


2.1 Consumption 2.7 -3.9 0.5 2.0 1.8 -1.6 1.8 2.7 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.4 2.7 2.42.2 Investment 6.2 -5.8 -4.9 -1.0 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.6 -1.4 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.62.3 Stockbuilding -0.6 -3.1 -0.2 0.2 0.3 -1.3 0.7 -0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 -0.7 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 8.3 -12.8 -4.6 1.3 2.4 -2.8 3.2 3.0 1.6 4.2 5.5 4.0 3.2 3.02.5 Exports 1.3 -6.2 4.7 6.3 1.2 5.8 2.0 4.2 5.5 3.7 1.1 -0.1 2.0 2.02.6 Final demand 9.5 -19.0 0.1 7.6 3.6 3.1 5.3 7.1 7.1 7.9 6.7 3.9 5.2 5.02.7 Imports -3.5 15.5 0.5 -5.3 -3.3 -2.8 -3.4 -3.1 -3.3 -4.4 -3.6 -0.3 -2.2 -2.12.8 Net exports -2.2 9.4 5.1 1.0 -2.1 3.1 -1.3 1.0 2.2 -0.7 -2.4 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2


3.1 Private sector savings 8.6 20.2 22.1 21.7 19.6 21.1 20.7 20.1 20.4 22.0 20.9 20.3 20.5 20.23.2 Net savings of households -4.0 0.6 -0.9 -0.1 -3.8 0.4 -0.7 -1.6 -1.1 -0.5 : : : 3.3 General government savings 6.2 -0.1 0.4 0.5 2.1 1.9 1.0 1.5 3.6 3.4 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.93.4 National savings 14.8 20.2 22.5 22.2 21.6 23.0 21.8 21.6 24.0 25.5 25.8 25.2 25.1 25.03.5 Gross capital formation 37.0 28.6 22.7 21.5 22.0 21.1 21.6 21.1 19.0 19.9 21.3 19.7 19.6 19.73.6 Current account -22.1 -8.2 -0.7 0.6 -0.1 2.0 0.4 0.6 5.3 6.1 4.6 5.5 5.5 5.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 71.7 64.2 65.0 68.0 67.2 67.2 70.9 73.5 74.2 75.1 77.0 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 10.2 3.1 0.9 0.7 -1.4 -3.4 -3.8 -2.4 -1.3 -0.4 -0.1 0.7 1.0 1.14.3 Potential GDP gap 4.2 -1.6 -1.4 0.2 -0.3 -1.3 -1.9 -1.2 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.8 1.14.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 10.0 5.9 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.45.3 Growth of capital intensity 7.5 7.7 7.1 5.0 5.6 3.4 2.2 2.3 1.3 0.1 2.2 1.5 2.1 2.55.4 Labour productivity growth 3.6 -1.7 4.6 4.7 2.9 0.8 1.5 3.6 3.3 1.7 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.15.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.0 -5.3 1.1 2.1 0.2 -0.9 0.4 2.5 2.6 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.8


6.1 Employment 2.4 -1.7 -3.9 -2.2 -2.5 -0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.8 -0.1 0.6 0.0 -0.26.2 Activity rate 77.7 77.9 78.1 78.0 78.0 79.3 79.6 79.3 79.6 81.2 81.5 82.5 83.4 84.36.3 Employment rate 73.8 73.2 71.1 70.5 69.7 70.3 71.6 72.9 74.3 76.7 77.7 79.3 80.4 81.3 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.6 6.8 10.3 11.3 12.3 13.0 11.4 9.2 7.6 6.2 5.2 4.4 4.1 4.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 16.8 8.1 9.9 6.8 7.7 8.8 5.6 5.6 5.8 10.5 9.7 7.8 6.6 5.47.2 Real wages per head (b) 9.9 7.2 7.3 3.3 4.1 11.7 5.6 4.0 5.3 7.1 7.5 5.5 4.2 3.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 12.7 10.0 5.0 2.0 4.7 8.0 4.0 1.9 2.4 8.7 6.3 4.7 3.5 2.37.4 Real unit labour costs 4.2 5.7 3.9 -3.7 3.1 8.7 3.5 -0.5 -0.1 4.5 2.2 0.1 0.5 -0.37.5 GDP deflator 8.1 4.1 1.1 5.9 1.5 -0.7 0.5 2.4 2.5 3.9 4.0 4.5 3.0 2.67.6 Private consumption deflator 6.3 0.8 2.4 3.4 3.5 -2.6 0.0 1.6 0.4 3.2 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.07.7 Terms of trade 1.1 2.3 0.9 3.9 -2.3 -0.5 1.2 1.4 3.4 0.2 1.2 2.9 0.7 0.5


8.1 Total expenditure 37.1 39.3 36.4 33.9 34.4 37.9 43.3 40.4 35.0 35.0 36.5 38.2 38.5 38.48.2 Total revenue 38.7 35.2 33.2 31.9 34.1 37.5 37.9 38.7 35.1 36.0 38.3 39.3 39.4 39.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 1.6 -4.0 -3.1 -2.0 -0.3 -0.4 -5.4 -1.7 0.1 1.1 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.98.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted 0.3 -3.6 -2.7 -2.0 -0.2 0.0 -4.9 -1.3 0.2 1.1 1.8 1.0 0.6 0.68.5 Debt (end of period) 13.0 13.7 15.4 15.2 16.7 17.1 27.1 26.0 29.3 25.3 22.3 21.1 19.9 18.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.4 7.2 6.0 5.4 4.5 3.5 3.4 2.5 2.3 1.6 0.9 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 7.1 5.7 4.1 3.8 2.3 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -1.8 1.5 1.9 1.6 2.3 2.3 2.6 1.9 2.1 1.5 0.9 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -2.5 3.0 4.8 -0.6 2.9 4.2 2.9 0.0 -0.3 -2.3 -3.0 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 2.1 3.7 -2.9 1.4 -1.2 2.2 2.7 -0.8 2.4 1.9 3.9 0.6 0.1 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 104.7 108.9 105.7 106.6 104.5 104.6 103.7 100.0 99.7 100.4 103.9 104.2 103.6 103.3 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


188


101. Czechia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 2.9 -0.6 1.1 0.3 -1.2 0.5 1.8 3.7 3.6 4.3 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.21.2 Government consumption 1.1 2.8 0.5 -3.2 -2.0 2.5 1.1 1.9 2.7 1.3 3.9 3.1 1.9 2.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 2.5 -10.1 1.3 0.9 -3.1 -2.5 3.9 10.2 -3.1 3.7 7.2 1.1 1.0 2.11.4 of which equipment 6.7 -17.3 7.0 4.1 -6.2 0.3 6.4 9.3 -2.5 3.4 8.3 -0.4 -0.8 0.91.5 of which construction -1.7 -5.1 -0.3 -4.1 -2.9 -4.9 1.0 9.7 -6.9 3.6 6.7 1.6 2.3 3.01.6 Exports of goods and services 4.2 -9.8 14.7 9.2 4.3 0.2 8.7 6.0 4.3 6.7 4.4 2.1 1.9 2.21.7 Imports of goods and services 3.2 -11.0 14.7 6.7 2.7 0.1 10.1 6.8 2.8 5.9 5.9 2.0 1.6 2.31.8 GDP 2.7 -4.8 2.3 1.8 -0.8 -0.5 2.7 5.3 2.5 4.4 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.1


2.1 Consumption 1.6 0.2 0.6 -0.5 -1.0 0.8 1.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.52.2 Investment 0.7 -2.9 0.4 0.2 -0.8 -0.6 1.0 2.6 -0.8 0.9 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.52.3 Stockbuilding -0.4 -2.6 0.8 0.3 -0.2 -0.7 1.1 0.8 -0.4 0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 1.9 -5.3 1.7 -0.1 -2.1 -0.6 3.2 5.5 1.0 3.3 3.7 2.2 1.8 2.02.5 Exports 2.8 -6.2 8.6 6.1 3.1 0.1 6.6 5.0 3.5 5.3 3.5 1.7 1.5 1.72.6 Final demand 4.7 -11.5 10.3 6.0 1.0 -0.4 9.9 10.5 4.5 8.6 7.2 3.9 3.3 3.62.7 Imports -2.1 6.7 -8.1 -4.2 -1.8 0.0 -7.1 -5.2 -2.1 -4.3 -4.3 -1.4 -1.1 -1.62.8 Net exports 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.8 1.3 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 1.4 1.1 -0.8 0.3 0.4 0.1


3.1 Private sector savings 22.2 22.5 21.7 20.8 21.8 21.2 22.6 23.0 22.0 21.2 20.8 21.4 21.6 21.63.2 Net savings of households 3.2 4.5 4.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.2 3.0 : : 3.3 General government savings 3.9 0.1 0.4 1.5 2.2 2.4 2.1 3.4 4.1 5.0 5.2 4.3 4.1 4.13.4 National savings 26.1 22.6 22.1 22.3 23.9 23.6 24.7 26.4 26.1 26.2 25.9 25.7 25.7 25.73.5 Gross capital formation 31.1 26.5 27.1 27.0 26.2 24.7 25.9 28.0 26.0 25.9 26.2 25.7 25.2 25.03.6 Current account -4.9 -3.9 -5.1 -4.6 -2.2 -1.1 -1.2 -1.5 0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.5 0.7


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 88.8 76.8 79.8 83.7 82.3 81.7 83.0 84.9 84.5 84.2 85.8 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 7.6 0.2 0.4 0.2 -2.4 -4.7 -4.1 -1.2 -1.1 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.54.3 Potential GDP gap 4.0 -2.2 -1.3 -0.7 -1.8 -3.0 -2.3 0.0 -0.1 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.2 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.9 1.4 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.0 3.8 2.9 2.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.45.4 Labour productivity growth 0.5 -3.1 3.3 2.1 -1.2 -0.8 2.2 3.8 0.8 2.8 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.0 -4.9 1.8 1.0 -1.7 -1.1 1.8 3.6 0.9 2.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9


6.1 Employment 2.2 -1.8 -1.0 -0.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.56.2 Activity rate 71.9 72.5 73.1 73.2 74.4 75.6 76.5 77.3 78.3 79.2 79.7 80.8 81.7 82.56.3 Employment rate 68.8 67.7 67.9 68.4 69.4 70.5 71.9 73.5 75.3 77.0 78.0 79.0 79.9 80.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.4 6.7 7.3 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.1 5.1 4.0 2.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 4.1 -0.6 3.5 2.7 1.7 -0.3 2.6 3.0 4.0 6.4 8.0 5.2 4.7 4.47.2 Real wages per head (b) -0.6 -1.4 3.0 1.0 -0.4 -1.1 2.0 2.9 3.4 4.0 5.4 2.7 2.0 2.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.6 2.6 0.1 0.7 3.0 0.5 0.4 -0.8 3.1 3.6 6.3 3.7 3.0 2.87.4 Real unit labour costs 1.5 0.0 1.6 0.6 1.5 -0.9 -2.0 -2.0 1.8 2.1 3.7 1.1 0.7 0.97.5 GDP deflator 2.1 2.6 -1.4 0.0 1.5 1.4 2.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.5 2.6 2.3 1.87.6 Private consumption deflator 4.7 0.9 0.5 1.7 2.2 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.07.7 Terms of trade -1.2 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -0.6 1.2 1.5 0.4 1.0 -1.0 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.2


8.1 Total expenditure 40.6 44.2 43.5 43.0 44.5 42.6 42.4 41.7 39.5 38.9 40.7 41.7 42.1 42.48.2 Total revenue 38.7 38.7 39.3 40.3 40.5 41.4 40.3 41.1 40.2 40.5 41.7 41.8 41.9 42.18.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.0 -5.5 -4.2 -2.7 -3.9 -1.2 -2.1 -0.6 0.7 1.6 1.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.38.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -3.6 -4.6 -3.7 -2.4 -3.2 -0.1 -1.2 -0.6 0.8 1.1 0.5 -0.3 -0.4 -0.48.5 Debt (end of period) 28.3 33.6 37.4 39.8 44.5 44.9 42.2 40.0 36.8 34.7 32.6 31.5 30.7 30.1


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.6 4.8 3.9 3.7 2.8 2.1 1.6 0.6 0.4 1.0 2.0 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.0 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 1.8 1.7 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.7 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.5 2.2 5.4 3.7 1.3 0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.5 -0.5 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 12.5 -2.8 2.1 3.2 -3.6 -1.7 -4.3 0.0 2.8 3.4 4.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 112.8 108.6 109.9 112.1 109.0 106.5 100.9 100.0 102.6 106.5 111.1 111.4 111.7 111.8 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


189


102. Denmark(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 2.3 0.5 0.5 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.5 2.0 1.81.2 Government consumption 5.7 2.3 1.0 2.6 1.4 2.3 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.01.3 Gross fixed capital formation 7.2 0.6 2.7 6.0 1.6 -1.8 2.5 5.5 7.6 4.6 6.5 -0.8 2.5 1.91.4 of which equipment : 4.8 4.6 5.1 0.2 -1.3 4.4 1.4 2.5 7.7 10.9 -4.9 1.9 1.41.5 of which construction : -2.4 -0.3 5.5 1.9 -5.4 2.5 10.1 6.6 6.1 5.4 2.0 2.9 2.01.6 Exports of goods and services 6.3 4.4 4.5 7.4 3.4 2.1 3.2 3.6 3.9 3.6 0.4 3.9 1.8 2.01.7 Imports of goods and services 7.9 2.6 4.1 7.2 5.2 2.3 3.9 4.6 4.2 3.6 3.3 1.4 2.6 1.91.8 GDP 4.6 2.0 1.9 3.0 1.3 0.2 1.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.6


2.1 Consumption 3.6 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.4 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.12.2 Investment 1.7 0.1 0.6 1.2 0.3 -0.3 0.5 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.4 -0.2 0.5 0.42.3 Stockbuilding -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.2 1.6 1.6 2.6 1.8 0.2 1.1 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.8 0.6 1.8 1.52.5 Exports 1.6 1.4 1.6 2.8 1.5 1.0 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 0.2 2.1 1.0 1.12.6 Final demand 6.8 3.0 3.2 5.4 3.3 1.3 2.8 4.5 4.5 3.9 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.62.7 Imports -2.2 -0.9 -1.3 -2.4 -2.0 -1.0 -1.8 -2.2 -2.1 -1.7 -1.6 -0.7 -1.3 -1.02.8 Net exports -0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.2 -1.3 1.4 -0.3 0.2


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 19.8 20.8 21.0 23.8 25.2 25.0 24.4 24.3 23.8 25.2 25.63.2 Net savings of households : : -0.6 -2.2 -0.2 -0.6 0.1 1.9 2.2 3.1 3.3 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 2.8 4.2 4.7 3.2 3.6 4.3 5.1 4.7 5.8 4.2 3.73.4 National savings 24.0 18.5 20.3 22.6 25.0 25.7 27.0 28.9 29.4 29.6 29.0 29.6 29.3 29.33.5 Gross capital formation 26.2 21.8 20.4 21.6 21.6 22.1 19.6 20.6 21.4 21.6 23.3 22.6 22.7 22.63.6 Current account -1.9 -3.3 -0.2 1.0 3.4 3.5 7.4 8.2 7.9 8.0 5.7 7.1 6.7 6.7


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 80.8 83.0 81.9 81.6 78.7 80.6 79.9 79.8 80.8 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.8 -0.2 0.9 0.2 1.0 -1.8 -0.8 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.44.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.7 -1.0 1.4 0.7 0.2 -2.7 -1.4 -0.7 0.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 103.5 129.0 159.5 159.9 149.2 158.6 167.0 168.4 172.2 162.8 161.3 159.7 158.9

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.1 2.1 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.7 0.6 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.25.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.55.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.9 1.7 1.4 0.7 1.4 1.6 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.45.4 Labour productivity growth 3.3 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.6 -0.3 0.7 0.6 0.95.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.5 1.0 1.2 1.6 0.6 -0.5 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.4 -0.6 0.3 0.1 0.3


6.1 Employment 1.2 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.3 0.9 0.86.2 Activity rate : 80.6 81.7 80.5 81.4 82.4 81.4 81.3 81.8 82.7 83.2 84.0 84.4 84.96.3 Employment rate : 75.9 76.0 76.3 77.4 78.3 75.5 76.3 77.0 78.0 79.1 80.0 80.5 80.9 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.1 6.1 7.0 5.2 5.0 5.1 7.5 6.3 6.0 5.8 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.7 10.4 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.4 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 4.5 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.3 0.0 1.3 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.17.3 Nominal unit labour costs 7.2 8.6 2.2 1.7 2.4 3.2 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.1 2.3 1.6 2.0 2.17.4 Real unit labour costs 0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 0.8 -0.7 0.3 -0.1 -0.3 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.27.5 GDP deflator 6.9 9.0 2.6 2.0 2.3 2.5 1.2 0.4 0.7 1.4 0.6 1.5 1.8 1.97.6 Private consumption deflator 6.0 9.3 2.5 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.5 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.87.7 Terms of trade 1.2 -1.0 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.5 -1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 55.3 52.8 52.6 56.4 54.4 52.4 50.9 51.2 50.5 50.1 49.58.2 Total revenue : : : 55.0 54.4 54.1 54.9 53.2 52.6 52.6 52.0 52.7 50.6 49.58.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -0.3 1.6 1.5 -1.4 -1.2 0.2 1.7 0.8 2.2 0.5 0.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -1.1 1.2 1.4 0.2 -0.3 0.6 1.7 1.0 2.1 0.6 0.28.5 Debt (end of period) 8.9 74.7 73.1 52.4 37.4 42.6 44.3 39.8 37.2 35.5 34.2 33.0 32.3 31.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate 9.0 16.0 9.3 5.8 4.4 3.8 1.8 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.5 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 7.0 12.6 9.3 4.1 3.0 3.3 0.6 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 2.0 3.4 0.0 1.7 1.4 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.0 6.5 6.5 3.7 2.1 1.3 0.6 0.3 -0.4 -0.9 -0.1 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.6 1.9 0.4 0.2 -2.5 2.2 1.4 2.7 -0.5 0.1 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 101.0 103.8 106.7 103.1 100.0 101.1 101.6 102.7 101.1 100.7 100.2 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


190


103. Croatia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 1.3 -7.4 -1.5 0.3 -3.0 -1.8 -1.6 1.1 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.1 2.91.2 Government consumption -0.7 2.1 -0.6 -0.4 -0.8 0.6 1.8 -1.0 0.7 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.9 1.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 9.2 -14.4 -15.2 -2.7 -3.3 1.4 -2.8 3.8 6.5 3.8 4.1 8.8 7.5 7.21.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 0.8 -14.1 6.2 2.2 -0.1 3.1 6.0 9.4 5.6 6.4 2.8 3.2 2.7 2.61.7 Imports of goods and services 4.0 -20.4 -2.5 2.5 -3.0 3.1 3.1 9.2 6.2 8.1 5.5 6.3 5.3 4.61.8 GDP 2.0 -7.3 -1.5 -0.3 -2.3 -0.5 -0.1 2.4 3.5 2.9 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.4


2.1 Consumption 0.6 -3.9 -1.0 0.1 -2.0 -1.0 -0.6 0.5 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.4 1.92.2 Investment 2.5 -4.0 -3.8 -0.6 -0.7 0.3 -0.5 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.8 1.6 1.62.3 Stockbuilding 0.5 -3.4 0.3 0.2 -0.8 0.2 -0.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 3.6 -11.3 -4.5 -0.2 -3.5 -0.5 -1.4 2.1 3.7 3.5 3.8 4.5 3.9 3.52.5 Exports 0.3 -5.4 2.1 0.8 -0.1 1.3 2.6 4.2 2.7 3.1 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.42.6 Final demand 3.9 -16.8 -2.4 0.6 -3.5 0.8 1.2 6.4 6.4 6.7 5.3 6.1 5.4 4.92.7 Imports -1.8 9.5 0.9 -0.9 1.2 -1.3 -1.3 -4.0 -2.8 -3.7 -2.7 -3.2 -2.7 -2.42.8 Net exports -1.5 4.1 3.1 -0.1 1.2 0.0 1.3 0.3 -0.1 -0.6 -1.2 -1.5 -1.3 -1.1


3.1 Private sector savings 18.0 18.8 20.4 21.5 20.3 : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households 0.8 4.2 4.7 4.5 4.8 : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings 4.7 1.3 -0.3 -1.7 -0.7 -0.4 -0.1 1.1 3.5 4.4 5.1 5.3 4.8 4.83.4 National savings 22.7 20.1 20.1 19.8 19.6 : : : : : : : : 3.5 Gross capital formation 31.4 25.1 21.4 20.7 19.2 19.4 18.8 20.0 20.8 20.9 21.4 22.4 23.2 24.13.6 Current account -8.7 -4.9 -1.0 -0.6 0.5 : : : : : : : :


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 77.0 65.9 66.8 68.5 67.9 67.5 69.1 70.7 73.1 73.7 74.6 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 9.7 1.0 -0.8 -1.4 -3.9 -4.7 -5.4 -4.1 -2.0 -0.7 0.0 0.9 1.4 1.74.3 Potential GDP gap 6.6 -1.1 -1.9 -1.9 -3.9 -4.4 -4.8 -3.4 -1.3 0.3 1.2 2.0 2.2 1.94.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 6.5 4.0 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.2 3.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.55.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.3 4.8 6.1 6.0 5.6 4.5 -1.3 0.3 1.6 -0.1 0.4 1.4 2.1 2.55.4 Labour productivity growth -0.1 -6.6 2.4 3.7 1.4 2.2 -2.7 1.1 3.2 0.7 0.8 1.6 1.5 1.35.5 Total factor productivity growth -1.8 -8.3 0.0 1.2 -0.8 0.4 -2.2 1.0 2.6 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.3


6.1 Employment 2.1 -0.7 -3.8 -3.9 -3.6 -2.6 2.7 1.2 0.3 2.2 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.16.2 Activity rate 67.7 67.7 66.9 65.9 65.3 65.2 67.3 68.0 66.9 67.7 67.7 67.9 68.3 68.66.3 Employment rate 61.9 61.5 59.1 57.0 55.1 53.9 55.8 57.1 58.0 60.3 62.1 63.3 64.3 65.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 8.6 9.3 11.8 13.7 15.8 17.4 17.2 16.1 13.4 11.0 8.4 6.9 5.8 4.9 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 5.1 -0.2 1.9 3.7 0.4 -0.9 -5.2 0.4 1.3 -1.1 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.27.2 Real wages per head (b) -0.5 -3.4 0.3 1.2 -2.8 -2.8 -4.8 0.9 2.5 -2.0 1.0 1.5 1.2 0.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.2 6.8 -0.5 0.0 -1.0 -3.1 -2.6 -0.8 -1.8 -1.8 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.87.4 Real unit labour costs -0.5 3.9 -1.3 -1.6 -2.5 -3.8 -2.6 -0.8 -1.8 -2.8 -0.3 -0.9 -1.4 -1.67.5 GDP deflator 5.7 2.8 0.8 1.7 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 -0.1 1.1 1.7 1.9 2.4 2.57.6 Private consumption deflator 5.6 3.3 1.5 2.4 3.2 1.9 -0.5 -0.5 -1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.57.7 Terms of trade 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.2 -0.6 -0.1 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.2


8.1 Total expenditure 45.7 48.8 48.5 48.9 48.3 48.2 48.7 48.6 47.6 45.4 46.1 47.0 46.7 46.38.2 Total revenue 42.9 42.8 42.0 41.0 42.9 42.8 43.4 45.3 46.5 46.2 46.3 47.1 46.8 46.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.8 -6.0 -6.5 -7.9 -5.3 -5.3 -5.3 -3.3 -1.1 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -5.7 -5.5 -5.6 -7.1 -3.6 -3.4 -3.2 -1.8 -0.5 0.7 -0.3 -0.8 -1.0 -0.88.5 Debt (end of period) 39.2 48.6 57.7 64.3 70.1 81.0 84.7 84.4 81.0 78.0 74.8 71.2 67.7 64.4


9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.0 7.8 6.3 6.5 6.1 4.7 4.1 3.6 3.5 2.8 2.2 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : : 2.9 2.7 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.5 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.1 2.3 2.6 2.2 1.7 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.3 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.5 3.9 4.0 3.5 3.6 1.6 0.4 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 3.0 1.1 -2.1 -1.4 -2.8 1.3 2.0 0.7 3.0 1.3 3.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 107.5 109.1 105.3 102.4 99.9 101.1 101.5 100.0 101.2 101.8 104.3 103.1 102.3 101.7 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


191


104. Hungary(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption -1.3 -6.7 -2.8 0.6 -2.4 0.0 2.3 3.8 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.9 3.8 3.41.2 Government consumption 3.1 0.7 -0.2 0.4 -1.4 3.1 5.2 1.9 0.7 2.4 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.81.3 Gross fixed capital formation 1.2 -9.1 -9.5 -1.3 -3.0 9.8 12.3 4.8 -10.6 18.7 17.1 17.0 2.1 2.61.4 of which equipment -1.7 -15.4 -4.0 6.4 2.9 2.6 21.5 1.5 2.5 16.1 10.2 18.0 3.6 4.31.5 of which construction 2.1 -5.9 -13.5 -7.7 -8.3 11.1 10.6 6.3 -21.0 28.0 23.5 16.7 0.8 1.31.6 Exports of goods and services 6.7 -10.7 11.1 6.4 -1.7 4.1 9.2 7.4 3.8 6.9 4.3 5.1 4.0 4.61.7 Imports of goods and services 6.0 -14.5 9.9 4.3 -3.5 4.3 11.0 6.0 3.4 8.2 6.8 6.2 4.0 4.51.8 GDP 1.1 -6.7 0.7 1.8 -1.5 2.0 4.2 3.8 2.2 4.3 5.1 4.6 2.8 2.8


2.1 Consumption -0.1 -3.4 -1.5 0.4 -1.6 0.6 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.0 1.82.2 Investment 0.3 -2.1 -2.1 -0.3 -0.6 1.9 2.6 1.1 -2.4 3.7 3.8 4.3 0.6 0.72.3 Stockbuilding 0.3 -4.1 3.0 -0.3 -0.6 -0.7 0.1 -1.1 1.4 -1.8 0.4 -1.4 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 0.5 -9.7 -0.6 -0.1 -2.8 1.8 4.9 2.3 1.6 4.8 6.7 5.3 2.6 2.62.5 Exports 5.2 -8.5 8.3 5.2 -1.5 3.5 7.9 6.4 3.3 6.0 3.8 4.3 3.4 3.82.6 Final demand 5.7 -18.2 7.6 5.1 -4.3 5.4 12.8 8.7 4.9 10.7 10.5 9.6 5.9 6.42.7 Imports -4.6 11.5 -7.0 -3.3 2.8 -3.4 -8.6 -4.9 -2.7 -6.4 -5.4 -5.0 -3.2 -3.62.8 Net exports 0.6 3.0 1.3 2.0 1.3 0.1 -0.7 1.6 0.6 -0.5 -1.7 -0.6 0.2 0.2


3.1 Private sector savings 17.4 20.7 22.3 22.4 20.0 23.8 22.9 22.2 22.7 21.8 22.7 23.1 23.1 23.13.2 Net savings of households 1.8 3.2 3.3 3.7 2.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.6 : : 3.3 General government savings 0.2 -1.1 -1.4 -1.4 0.9 0.6 1.7 3.5 3.3 3.3 4.2 4.8 5.1 5.13.4 National savings 17.6 19.5 20.9 21.0 20.9 24.4 24.7 25.6 26.0 25.1 26.9 27.9 28.2 28.23.5 Gross capital formation 24.6 20.3 20.6 20.4 19.3 20.9 23.4 23.3 21.3 22.8 27.2 29.1 29.0 28.83.6 Current account -7.0 -0.7 0.3 0.6 1.6 3.5 1.2 2.3 4.7 2.3 -0.3 -1.2 -0.8 -0.7


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 84.8 72.6 77.5 78.3 76.4 77.4 80.2 81.7 81.7 82.7 85.4 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 5.2 -2.8 -3.1 -2.5 -5.2 -4.9 -2.9 -1.5 -2.0 -0.7 1.2 2.5 2.0 1.54.3 Potential GDP gap 1.3 -5.6 -4.8 -3.1 -4.5 -3.4 -1.2 0.5 0.6 2.0 3.4 3.7 2.5 1.64.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.6 2.2 1.0 0.8 0.4 1.4 2.4 2.7 1.4 2.9 4.6 6.0 5.5 5.15.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.25.3 Growth of capital intensity 5.5 4.2 1.7 0.8 -0.4 0.1 -2.1 0.5 -2.2 1.0 2.1 4.0 5.3 5.25.4 Labour productivity growth 2.9 -4.9 1.3 1.8 -2.3 0.7 -0.4 1.6 -1.5 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.85.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.1 -6.9 0.5 1.4 -2.1 0.6 0.7 1.3 -0.3 1.8 1.6 0.6 -0.1 0.2


6.1 Employment -1.7 -1.9 -0.7 0.0 0.9 1.3 4.6 2.2 3.7 1.9 2.4 1.9 0.2 0.06.2 Activity rate 60.4 60.5 61.2 61.8 63.3 64.2 66.4 68.1 69.7 70.7 71.6 72.3 73.1 73.96.3 Employment rate 55.7 54.4 54.4 55.0 56.3 57.7 61.3 63.4 66.2 67.8 68.9 69.8 70.6 71.4 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 7.8 10.0 11.2 11.0 11.0 10.2 7.7 6.8 5.1 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 7.7 -3.3 1.2 4.2 3.0 0.4 0.6 2.0 2.4 7.0 6.2 7.8 6.5 6.47.2 Real wages per head (b) 1.8 -7.3 -2.6 0.3 -3.1 -1.6 -0.4 2.1 2.2 4.1 3.0 4.3 3.3 3.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.7 1.6 -0.2 2.3 5.5 -0.3 1.0 0.4 4.0 4.5 3.4 5.0 3.8 3.57.4 Real unit labour costs -0.1 -2.5 -2.5 0.1 2.2 -3.2 -2.5 -2.0 3.0 0.8 -1.0 0.8 0.1 0.57.5 GDP deflator 4.8 4.2 2.4 2.2 3.2 3.0 3.6 2.5 1.0 3.7 4.5 4.2 3.7 3.07.6 Private consumption deflator 5.8 4.2 3.8 3.9 6.3 2.0 1.1 -0.1 0.2 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.07.7 Terms of trade -0.9 0.8 0.0 -1.4 -1.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 -0.6 -1.1 -0.1 0.3 0.0




9.1 Long-term interest rate 8.2 9.1 7.3 7.6 7.9 5.9 4.8 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.1 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 8.7 9.3 6.2 6.6 8.1 4.2 2.5 1.6 1.0 0.1 0.1 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.5 -0.1 1.1 1.1 -0.2 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.8 2.9 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 3.3 4.7 4.8 5.3 4.5 2.9 1.2 1.0 2.1 -0.7 -1.4 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 1.2 -7.4 -0.8 -0.9 -4.8 -1.0 -2.2 -1.2 1.2 1.4 -1.1 -2.1 -2.1 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 115.0 108.9 110.7 110.2 107.8 106.2 102.4 100.0 100.8 102.6 102.0 101.2 100.2 101.2 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


192


105. Poland(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 6.8 3.6 2.7 3.1 0.7 0.3 2.4 3.0 3.9 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.41.2 Government consumption 4.4 3.5 3.1 -1.8 -0.3 2.5 4.3 2.3 1.9 2.9 3.6 5.2 5.7 4.91.3 Gross fixed capital formation 8.8 -2.7 0.0 8.8 -1.8 -1.1 10.0 6.1 -8.2 4.0 8.9 8.0 3.3 3.51.4 of which equipment 10.5 -16.6 -0.9 12.4 -4.5 4.6 11.1 12.1 -7.6 8.3 5.6 14.4 3.4 4.41.5 of which construction 8.0 6.8 1.3 7.9 -1.2 -4.8 8.9 2.2 -10.2 -0.2 12.9 3.7 3.4 3.01.6 Exports of goods and services 7.1 -5.9 13.1 7.9 4.6 6.1 6.7 7.7 8.8 9.5 7.0 4.8 4.4 4.71.7 Imports of goods and services 9.5 -12.4 14.3 5.8 -0.3 1.7 10.0 6.6 7.6 9.8 7.6 5.9 5.6 5.41.8 GDP 4.2 2.8 3.6 5.0 1.6 1.4 3.3 3.8 3.1 4.9 5.1 4.1 3.3 3.3


2.1 Consumption 4.9 2.9 2.3 1.6 0.4 0.7 2.2 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 2.92.2 Investment 2.0 -0.6 0.0 1.8 -0.4 -0.2 1.9 1.2 -1.6 0.7 1.6 1.5 0.6 0.72.3 Stockbuilding -1.3 -2.5 1.9 0.9 -0.5 -1.0 0.5 -0.2 1.2 0.8 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.5 -0.2 4.2 4.3 -0.5 -0.6 4.7 3.2 2.2 4.7 5.1 4.5 3.8 3.52.5 Exports 2.7 -2.3 4.9 3.1 2.0 2.7 3.1 3.7 4.4 5.0 3.8 2.7 2.5 2.62.6 Final demand 8.3 -2.5 9.1 7.5 1.5 2.1 7.8 6.9 6.6 9.6 8.9 7.1 6.3 6.12.7 Imports -4.0 5.3 -5.5 -2.4 0.1 -0.8 -4.4 -3.0 -3.5 -4.7 -3.8 -3.1 -2.9 -2.82.8 Net exports -1.3 3.1 -0.6 0.7 2.1 1.9 -1.3 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2


3.1 Private sector savings 16.7 19.2 18.9 17.9 17.6 19.2 18.8 19.4 18.7 17.7 16.6 17.8 17.3 17.63.2 Net savings of households 0.2 1.8 1.5 -0.7 -0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.9 0.2 0.2 : : 3.3 General government savings 1.3 -2.1 -2.4 -0.2 0.1 -0.7 0.2 1.2 0.8 2.4 3.7 2.8 3.1 3.03.4 National savings 18.0 17.2 16.5 17.7 17.7 18.5 19.0 20.6 19.6 20.0 20.3 20.7 20.5 20.63.5 Gross capital formation 24.7 20.6 21.3 22.4 21.0 19.0 20.4 20.5 19.6 19.8 20.7 21.0 20.8 20.73.6 Current account -6.6 -3.4 -4.8 -4.8 -3.3 -0.5 -1.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 79.9 71.1 73.8 73.6 74.7 74.1 77.1 78.1 78.7 80.0 82.8 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 2.4 1.3 1.1 2.4 0.4 -1.7 -1.9 -1.6 -2.1 -0.8 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.04.3 Potential GDP gap 2.2 1.1 0.9 1.8 0.0 -1.6 -1.4 -0.8 -0.6 1.0 2.4 2.5 1.9 1.24.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 6.0 5.3 4.9 5.4 4.7 3.9 4.4 4.6 3.3 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 2.1 4.9 7.7 4.8 4.6 4.0 2.7 3.0 2.4 1.9 3.4 4.0 4.2 4.15.4 Labour productivity growth 0.4 2.4 6.4 4.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.3 2.2 3.6 4.8 3.9 3.5 3.45.5 Total factor productivity growth -0.6 0.1 2.7 2.1 -0.7 -0.4 0.3 0.8 1.1 2.6 3.1 2.0 1.5 1.4


6.1 Employment 3.8 0.4 -2.7 0.6 0.1 -0.1 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.16.2 Activity rate 62.6 63.6 63.3 63.7 64.4 64.9 65.7 66.1 66.2 66.9 67.0 67.6 68.2 68.96.3 Employment rate 58.3 58.5 57.2 57.6 57.9 58.2 59.8 61.1 62.1 63.6 64.5 65.2 65.9 66.5 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 7.1 8.1 9.7 9.7 10.1 10.3 9.0 7.5 6.2 4.9 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.5 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.3 3.4 8.9 5.3 3.6 1.7 2.2 1.7 4.8 5.8 8.2 8.1 8.2 7.67.2 Real wages per head (b) 4.0 0.7 6.3 0.4 0.2 1.3 2.3 2.9 5.2 3.7 6.6 5.7 5.4 4.97.3 Nominal unit labour costs 7.8 0.9 2.4 0.8 2.0 0.2 0.6 -0.6 2.5 2.2 3.3 4.0 4.6 4.17.4 Real unit labour costs 3.8 -2.8 0.7 -2.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 -1.3 2.2 0.3 2.1 1.1 1.4 1.07.5 GDP deflator 3.9 3.8 1.7 3.2 2.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.3 1.9 1.1 2.9 3.1 3.17.6 Private consumption deflator 4.1 2.7 2.5 4.9 3.3 0.4 -0.1 -1.1 -0.4 2.0 1.5 2.3 2.7 2.67.7 Terms of trade -1.4 3.2 -1.5 -1.5 -1.2 1.0 1.9 2.4 0.5 0.2 -1.1 0.9 0.8 0.9




9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.1 6.1 5.8 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.5 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.2 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 6.4 4.4 3.9 4.5 4.9 3.0 2.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.3 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.5 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.1 2.3 4.1 2.6 2.6 3.7 3.0 1.9 2.7 1.5 2.1 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 9.5 -16.6 5.5 -2.7 -3.2 1.5 2.5 -0.3 -2.3 3.2 2.1 -1.1 0.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 117.5 100.3 106.3 103.9 101.5 101.7 102.6 100.0 96.5 99.3 100.2 99.3 100.0 100.5 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


193


106. Romania(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 8.7 -6.4 -5.0 1.4 2.0 0.1 4.7 6.0 7.9 10.0 5.2 5.8 5.2 5.01.2 Government consumption 5.9 -4.1 -1.6 -1.2 7.5 -2.9 3.5 -0.3 2.2 4.2 1.5 3.1 3.5 2.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 17.8 -33.9 -2.8 6.1 3.1 -5.6 3.3 7.5 -0.2 3.6 -3.3 8.0 3.4 2.81.4 of which equipment 15.4 -26.3 -17.7 24.2 -4.4 4.1 -6.3 -3.9 -8.9 -9.9 -4.6 3.7 1.9 1.81.5 of which construction 20.0 -39.2 8.0 -5.6 11.7 -14.5 10.2 20.9 7.4 10.7 -3.2 11.6 4.5 3.71.6 Exports of goods and services 13.8 -5.7 15.5 12.1 1.1 20.2 8.0 4.6 16.0 7.6 5.4 3.8 3.7 3.61.7 Imports of goods and services 11.2 -20.8 12.6 10.1 -1.8 8.8 8.7 8.0 16.5 10.8 9.1 7.3 5.6 5.11.8 GDP 9.3 -5.5 -3.9 2.0 2.1 3.5 3.4 3.9 4.8 7.1 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.3


2.1 Consumption 6.8 -4.7 -3.4 0.7 2.3 -0.3 3.4 3.6 5.2 6.9 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.52.2 Investment 6.3 -12.7 -0.7 1.6 0.9 -1.5 0.8 1.8 -0.1 0.8 -0.7 1.7 0.7 0.62.3 Stockbuilding -2.8 5.2 0.3 -0.3 -2.3 1.6 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.8 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 10.3 -12.1 -3.9 2.0 0.9 -0.3 3.8 5.3 5.1 8.5 5.7 5.8 4.6 4.12.5 Exports 3.4 -1.5 4.0 3.9 0.4 7.6 3.2 1.9 6.6 3.1 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.42.6 Final demand 13.7 -13.6 0.2 5.9 1.3 7.3 7.0 7.2 11.7 11.7 7.9 7.4 6.1 5.62.7 Imports -4.3 8.1 -4.1 -3.9 0.8 -3.8 -3.5 -3.3 -6.9 -4.5 -4.0 -3.3 -2.5 -2.32.8 Net exports -0.9 6.6 0.0 0.0 1.2 3.8 -0.3 -1.4 -0.3 -1.4 -1.7 -1.7 -1.0 -0.9


3.1 Private sector savings 20.3 26.1 23.1 22.1 21.5 22.6 22.0 21.0 20.1 20.6 19.6 19.6 20.0 21.43.2 Net savings of households -11.6 -11.8 -8.4 -10.6 -12.7 -9.2 -10.9 -10.4 -9.6 -8.4 -5.1 : : 3.3 General government savings 1.4 -3.4 -1.6 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.2 3.0 1.2 -0.6 0.1 -0.3 -1.1 -2.83.4 National savings 21.7 22.7 21.5 23.1 22.5 24.6 24.2 24.0 21.3 20.1 19.8 19.3 18.9 18.73.5 Gross capital formation 33.1 27.2 27.1 28.1 27.0 25.6 24.7 25.1 23.3 23.4 24.2 24.4 24.3 24.13.6 Current account -11.4 -4.5 -5.6 -5.1 -4.5 -1.0 -0.5 -1.1 -2.0 -3.4 -4.4 -5.1 -5.3 -5.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 82.4 72.2 74.8 79.9 78.8 78.0 79.4 76.9 78.0 76.3 76.0 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 14.1 4.4 -2.6 -3.4 -4.2 -3.7 -3.5 -3.1 -2.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.54.3 Potential GDP gap 7.8 -0.2 -4.9 -4.0 -3.8 -2.6 -2.1 -2.0 -1.4 1.0 0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.44.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 14.7 5.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 3.1 2.9 3.4 2.5 1.8 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 14.8 9.2 7.8 6.7 2.8 4.0 2.1 4.8 3.6 -0.5 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.55.4 Labour productivity growth 9.4 -1.9 -0.7 4.4 0.6 4.4 2.6 5.2 6.0 4.6 3.7 3.9 3.4 3.15.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.9 -5.7 -3.9 1.5 -0.6 2.6 1.7 3.0 4.3 4.9 2.4 2.3 1.8 1.6


6.1 Employment -0.1 -3.7 -3.2 -2.3 1.4 -0.9 0.8 -1.3 -1.1 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.16.2 Activity rate 73.0 73.2 73.6 73.1 69.2 69.0 69.8 69.7 69.1 71.1 71.6 72.1 73.1 73.96.3 Employment rate 69.0 68.7 68.9 68.3 64.6 64.2 65.1 65.0 65.1 67.6 68.6 69.4 70.1 70.7 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.6 6.5 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.8 5.9 4.9 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 36.4 -3.6 10.9 -2.8 3.4 4.1 6.9 1.9 15.0 14.8 16.3 13.0 9.2 7.17.2 Real wages per head (b) 23.3 -7.1 4.7 -6.3 -1.0 1.4 5.7 1.0 14.1 11.8 12.2 6.8 5.0 3.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 24.7 -1.7 11.7 -6.9 2.8 -0.3 4.2 -3.1 8.5 9.8 12.2 8.8 5.6 3.87.4 Real unit labour costs 7.5 -5.6 7.8 -10.3 -1.2 -3.6 2.4 -5.6 5.9 4.9 5.9 1.4 1.0 -0.57.5 GDP deflator 16.0 4.1 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.4 1.7 2.6 2.5 4.7 5.9 7.3 4.5 4.47.6 Private consumption deflator 10.7 3.8 5.9 3.8 4.5 2.6 1.1 1.0 0.7 2.7 3.7 5.8 4.0 3.77.7 Terms of trade 2.9 0.5 1.4 1.7 -1.2 1.0 1.5 2.8 -0.3 0.1 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.4


8.1 Total expenditure 37.6 39.4 40.0 39.5 37.3 35.4 35.3 36.1 34.5 33.6 35.2 35.8 37.1 39.18.2 Total revenue 32.3 30.3 33.1 34.1 33.7 33.3 34.1 35.5 31.9 30.9 32.3 32.2 32.7 33.08.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -5.4 -9.1 -6.9 -5.4 -3.7 -2.1 -1.2 -0.6 -2.6 -2.6 -3.0 -3.6 -4.4 -6.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -7.9 -9.0 -5.4 -4.1 -2.4 -1.3 -0.5 0.0 -2.2 -3.0 -3.1 -3.7 -4.4 -5.98.5 Debt (end of period) 12.3 21.8 29.6 34.0 37.0 37.6 39.2 37.8 37.3 35.1 35.0 35.5 37.2 40.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate 7.7 9.7 7.3 7.3 6.7 5.4 4.5 3.5 3.3 4.0 4.7 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 12.3 11.3 6.5 5.6 5.1 4.0 2.3 1.3 0.8 1.2 2.8 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -4.6 -1.7 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.8 1.9 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -7.2 5.4 3.7 3.4 2.6 2.0 2.7 0.8 0.8 -0.7 -1.1 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate -8.1 -10.8 -1.9 0.5 -6.3 2.9 1.6 -0.7 1.0 -0.8 0.7 -1.8 -0.2 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 107.3 99.4 101.0 103.8 97.5 101.3 102.7 100.0 98.8 97.1 99.3 99.2 100.5 101.8 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


194


107. Sweden(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 3.3 1.2 1.1 3.6 2.2 2.6 1.8 3.5 2.0 2.1 1.6 0.8 1.5 1.51.2 Government consumption 4.9 2.6 1.5 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.2 2.2 3.7 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.4 1.3 0.0 5.4 2.7 2.0 2.7 5.8 4.1 5.6 4.6 -1.9 -1.7 0.21.4 of which equipment : : 2.8 8.0 2.7 2.3 3.0 5.3 6.6 1.7 1.5 -4.8 -4.3 0.71.5 of which construction : -0.5 -2.9 1.3 5.0 1.7 2.4 7.4 6.4 6.3 2.2 -1.8 -0.6 1.21.6 Exports of goods and services 7.7 3.5 4.8 9.3 4.8 2.0 2.7 6.3 2.8 4.3 3.1 4.2 2.3 2.31.7 Imports of goods and services 6.1 2.6 3.8 8.7 2.9 2.9 3.5 5.7 3.8 4.8 3.6 1.6 0.7 0.81.8 GDP 4.1 1.9 1.5 3.6 2.6 1.9 1.6 4.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.1 1.0 1.4


2.1 Consumption 2.7 1.3 0.9 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.2 2.2 1.9 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.72.2 Investment 1.0 0.3 0.0 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.2 -0.5 -0.4 0.12.3 Stockbuilding -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.12.4 Domestic demand 3.6 1.6 1.2 3.0 1.6 2.2 1.8 4.0 2.7 2.4 2.5 -0.1 0.2 0.62.5 Exports 1.7 1.0 1.5 3.6 2.0 0.9 1.2 2.7 1.2 1.9 1.4 1.9 1.1 1.12.6 Final demand 5.1 2.6 2.7 6.5 3.7 3.1 3.0 6.7 4.0 4.3 3.8 1.8 1.3 1.72.7 Imports -1.3 -0.7 -1.1 -2.9 -1.0 -1.2 -1.4 -2.3 -1.5 -1.9 -1.5 -0.7 -0.3 -0.42.8 Net exports 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 1.2 0.8 0.7


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 20.8 23.2 24.7 24.6 23.6 22.4 23.1 23.5 24.6 24.5 24.63.2 Net savings of households 5.3 3.3 1.7 0.5 2.5 4.4 6.9 6.3 7.3 6.9 8.1 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 4.3 4.3 5.6 3.3 4.2 5.4 5.9 5.8 5.2 5.1 5.13.4 National savings 28.5 23.1 23.3 25.0 27.5 30.3 28.0 27.8 27.8 29.0 29.3 29.8 29.6 29.73.5 Gross capital formation 29.7 24.6 23.6 21.8 22.5 23.6 23.4 24.4 24.7 25.8 26.9 26.2 25.5 25.13.6 Current account 0.9 -0.7 0.1 3.2 5.0 6.6 4.6 3.4 3.1 3.3 2.4 3.6 4.1 4.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : 84.3 83.0 82.0 81.0 83.2 85.3 87.8 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.4 0.2 -0.4 0.4 0.9 -1.4 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.0 -0.54.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.7 -0.8 -1.0 -0.4 -0.2 -1.6 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.1 -0.6 -0.94.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 87.0 88.9 93.2 91.5 94.3 88.5 93.8 93.3 92.0 89.1 87.5 85.5 84.1

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.7 3.0 2.5 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 3.1 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.65.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.1 2.3 3.1 0.9 1.5 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.3 -0.1 0.6 1.9 2.0 1.35.4 Labour productivity growth 3.5 1.1 2.1 2.8 2.4 1.2 0.2 2.9 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.85.5 Total factor productivity growth 1.5 0.0 0.6 2.4 1.7 0.5 0.0 2.6 0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.2


6.1 Employment 0.6 0.9 -0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.3 1.8 0.3 0.0 0.56.2 Activity rate 74.1 80.6 81.4 78.1 79.6 80.6 83.2 84.7 84.8 85.6 86.1 86.2 86.1 86.36.3 Employment rate 72.5 78.2 77.0 70.9 74.2 74.8 76.6 78.4 78.9 79.9 80.7 80.4 80.0 80.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 2.2 3.0 5.5 9.1 6.7 7.3 7.9 7.4 6.9 6.7 6.3 6.8 7.1 7.2 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.4 10.8 6.8 4.3 3.7 3.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.1 3.6 3.1 2.9 3.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 3.5 0.7 1.1 3.3 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.7 0.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.7 9.6 4.7 1.5 1.3 2.2 2.4 -0.3 2.0 2.1 3.1 2.2 1.8 2.27.4 Real unit labour costs -0.1 -0.1 -0.7 0.3 -0.1 0.0 1.2 -2.4 0.5 -0.1 0.9 -0.2 0.3 0.57.5 GDP deflator 4.9 9.7 5.4 1.1 1.3 2.2 1.2 2.2 1.5 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.77.6 Private consumption deflator 4.8 10.0 5.7 1.0 1.4 1.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.67.7 Terms of trade -0.5 -1.4 0.2 -1.2 -1.4 0.4 0.0 0.7 0.3 -0.9 -1.5 0.2 -0.8 -0.5


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 57.4 53.2 50.8 50.9 49.5 49.7 49.3 49.8 49.8 49.9 49.78.2 Total revenue : : : 57.4 53.4 52.2 49.8 49.5 50.7 50.7 50.6 50.0 50.0 49.88.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : 0.0 0.2 1.4 -1.0 0.0 1.0 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : 0.5 0.4 1.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.68.5 Debt (end of period) 24.9 57.4 69.2 50.6 49.1 38.2 45.2 43.9 42.3 40.7 38.8 34.6 33.4 32.0


9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.3 11.0 10.7 6.0 4.6 3.6 2.0 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : 10.6 4.4 3.2 2.6 1.6 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : 0.1 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.4 1.2 5.1 4.8 3.2 1.3 0.8 -1.4 -0.9 -1.5 -1.5 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 1.9 0.3 -0.2 1.7 -5.1 1.0 -0.8 -3.8 -4.0 -1.7 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 115.3 108.7 105.8 108.9 100.0 100.9 100.1 96.2 92.1 90.2 89.9 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


195


108. EU-27 1)(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 0.6 -1.1 0.9 0.3 -0.9 -0.5 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.41.2 Government consumption 2.6 2.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation -0.3 -11.3 -0.4 2.0 -2.8 -2.0 2.1 5.0 3.3 3.7 2.9 4.2 2.0 1.91.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 1.5 -12.0 11.0 6.7 2.2 2.1 5.0 6.6 3.4 5.7 3.4 2.6 2.3 2.51.7 Imports of goods and services 1.3 -11.8 9.7 4.7 -1.0 1.5 5.4 7.4 4.4 5.3 3.2 3.3 2.7 2.81.8 GDP 0.6 -4.3 2.2 1.8 -0.7 -0.1 1.6 2.3 2.0 2.7 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.4


2.1 Consumption 0.9 -0.1 0.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.02.2 Investment -0.1 -2.6 -0.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.42.3 Stockbuilding -0.2 -1.3 1.0 0.4 -1.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 0.6 -4.1 1.5 1.0 -2.1 -0.4 1.6 2.5 2.3 2.4 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.52.5 Exports 0.6 -4.9 4.0 2.7 1.0 0.9 2.2 3.0 1.6 2.7 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.22.6 Final demand 1.1 -9.0 5.6 3.7 -1.1 0.6 3.8 5.5 3.9 5.0 3.5 2.9 2.6 2.72.7 Imports -0.5 4.8 -3.4 -1.8 0.4 -0.6 -2.2 -3.1 -1.9 -2.3 -1.4 -1.5 -1.2 -1.32.8 Net exports 0.1 -0.2 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings 21.0 22.7 22.9 22.6 21.9 : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings 2.3 -1.5 -1.1 -0.1 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.43.4 National savings 23.2 21.2 21.7 22.6 22.4 : : : : : : : : 3.5 Gross capital formation 24.0 20.6 21.2 21.8 20.3 19.9 20.3 20.8 21.0 21.4 21.9 22.2 22.4 22.63.6 Current account -0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 2.1 : : : : : : : :


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 3.4 -2.0 -0.8 0.2 -1.5 -2.6 -2.2 -1.2 -0.6 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.54.3 Potential GDP gap 1.8 -3.4 -2.1 -1.1 -2.3 -3.1 -2.5 -1.6 -0.9 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.55.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.3 3.2 2.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.5 1.1 1.15.4 Labour productivity growth -0.3 -2.5 3.4 2.0 -0.2 0.5 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.05.5 Total factor productivity growth -0.9 -3.8 2.4 1.4 -0.8 0.0 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.5



7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 3.9 1.7 2.9 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.67.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.8 2.0 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.17.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.4 4.3 -0.3 0.4 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.3 1.0 1.1 2.2 2.3 1.7 1.67.4 Real unit labour costs 1.8 3.0 -1.1 -0.9 0.6 -0.2 -0.4 -1.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.6 0.4 -0.1 -0.17.5 GDP deflator 2.4 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 3.1 -0.3 1.7 2.3 1.9 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.57.7 Terms of trade : : : : : : : : : : : : :




9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.6 4.3 3.9 4.5 3.9 3.1 2.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 5.0 1.9 1.2 1.8 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.5 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.1 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 2.0 -2.1 -7.3 1.0 -4.9 4.9 4.6 -5.6 1.2 1.5 6.2 -1.9 -0.2 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 122.2 118.4 108.2 107.8 102.3 106.0 108.4 100.0 99.4 100.2 105.4 102.1 100.6 99.5 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)

1) EU excluding UK (a) Manufacturing industry (b) Private consumption deflator (c) GDP deflator

196


109. United Kingdom(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 3.1 1.9 3.2 4.4 3.2 0.4 1.6 3.0 3.6 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.91.2 Government consumption 2.8 1.3 1.1 1.8 4.3 1.4 0.9 1.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 3.1 2.3 1.91.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.2 0.9 1.9 3.4 2.9 -1.6 2.7 3.7 3.6 1.6 -0.1 0.9 0.5 0.61.4 of which equipment : 1.4 1.9 1.0 2.3 -1.6 3.1 4.3 9.0 6.3 -8.7 -9.2 -1.3 0.81.5 of which construction : 1.0 4.3 2.6 2.7 -3.3 2.9 4.3 2.0 0.3 0.9 4.7 1.1 0.51.6 Exports of goods and services 5.0 3.1 4.7 5.8 3.5 1.7 2.5 3.8 2.7 6.1 -0.9 1.3 2.3 2.11.7 Imports of goods and services 4.8 2.4 4.9 8.1 5.3 0.9 2.6 5.4 4.4 3.5 0.7 2.8 3.1 2.71.8 GDP 3.5 1.6 2.6 3.4 2.8 0.5 1.9 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4


2.1 Consumption 2.4 1.4 2.2 3.2 2.9 0.6 1.3 2.3 2.5 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.62.2 Investment 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 -0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.12.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.3 -0.6 -0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 3.5 1.3 2.7 3.8 3.4 0.3 1.9 2.6 2.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.72.5 Exports 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.7 -0.3 0.4 0.7 0.62.6 Final demand : : : : : : : : : : : 1.9 2.4 2.32.7 Imports -1.0 -0.6 -1.2 -2.0 -1.4 -0.3 -0.8 -1.6 -1.3 -1.1 -0.2 -0.9 -1.0 -0.92.8 Net exports 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.5 0.7 -0.5 -0.5 -0.3 -0.3


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 15.8 15.5 16.0 15.8 13.7 12.3 13.1 12.2 12.1 12.0 11.73.2 Net savings of households : : : 4.1 2.9 3.6 2.8 3.2 1.2 -0.2 0.3 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.3 0.5 -2.3 -3.3 -1.2 -0.1 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.53.4 National savings 21.4 19.8 19.0 17.1 16.0 13.7 12.6 12.5 12.2 14.0 13.4 13.6 13.4 13.23.5 Gross capital formation 21.1 20.1 20.8 18.3 18.0 17.0 16.2 17.4 17.4 17.5 17.3 17.2 16.9 16.63.6 Current account 0.2 -0.3 -1.8 -1.2 -2.0 -3.3 -3.7 -4.9 -5.2 -3.5 -4.3 -4.3 -4.2 -4.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 79.1 82.2 81.5 78.9 78.5 80.9 82.2 80.3 82.9 81.7 : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -1.0 0.5 -0.5 1.0 0.7 -1.7 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.24.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 -1.0 -2.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.14.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 98.4 133.3 163.6 158.4 146.4 149.6 155.2 154.2 152.5 150.4 145.1 146.6 147.1

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.7 1.3 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.4 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.25.3 Growth of capital intensity 2.4 1.4 1.5 0.6 0.9 1.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.35.4 Labour productivity growth 3.2 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.8 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.75.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.2 1.1 1.3 1.8 1.4 -0.2 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.6


6.1 Employment 0.3 -0.1 0.6 1.3 1.0 0.3 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.76.2 Activity rate : : : 75.4 75.7 76.4 77.6 78.7 79.1 79.3 79.3 79.3 79.3 79.36.3 Employment rate : : : 70.6 72.0 71.6 71.9 74.5 75.3 75.9 76.1 76.2 76.1 76.0 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 6.8 9.0 6.4 4.9 6.3 7.4 5.3 4.8 4.3 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.1 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.2 13.8 6.4 4.9 4.4 3.2 1.8 0.7 3.2 3.2 2.8 4.0 3.3 3.17.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.8 1.2 1.7 3.3 3.2 1.0 -0.4 0.7 1.7 1.7 0.3 2.7 1.8 1.47.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.9 11.9 4.3 2.8 2.5 2.9 1.2 0.1 2.7 2.2 2.6 3.7 2.6 2.47.4 Real unit labour costs -0.6 -0.7 -0.4 1.0 0.5 0.6 -0.7 -0.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.8 0.5 0.57.5 GDP deflator 5.5 12.7 4.8 1.8 2.1 2.3 1.9 0.6 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.97.6 Private consumption deflator 5.2 12.4 4.6 1.5 1.2 2.2 2.2 0.0 1.4 1.4 2.5 1.3 1.6 1.77.7 Terms of trade -0.4 0.5 -0.1 0.5 1.2 -0.3 0.6 1.5 0.9 -0.9 -0.2 1.3 1.0 0.9




9.1 Long-term interest rate 7.6 13.0 9.5 6.2 4.8 4.1 2.2 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 6.8 11.9 9.9 6.4 4.4 3.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.7 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.8 1.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.5 1.5 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.0 0.4 4.5 4.3 2.6 1.8 0.4 1.2 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 6.0 0.0 -4.5 1.9 6.0 -10.1 -5.6 2.0 -0.8 0.4 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 106.7 107.8 96.1 90.2 100.0 89.5 85.3 87.2 86.4 86.9 87.1 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


197


110. EU-28(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 0.4 -1.4 1.0 0.3 -0.5 0.1 1.3 2.2 2.5 2.1 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.51.2 Government consumption 2.5 2.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation -1.0 -11.5 0.0 1.6 -2.3 -1.3 2.7 4.8 3.3 3.4 2.5 3.8 1.8 1.71.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 1.4 -11.6 10.5 6.8 2.1 2.0 4.5 6.3 3.3 5.7 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.41.7 Imports of goods and services 0.9 -11.4 9.5 4.3 -0.6 1.7 5.2 7.2 4.4 5.1 2.9 3.3 2.8 2.81.8 GDP 0.5 -4.3 2.2 1.8 -0.4 0.3 1.7 2.3 2.0 2.6 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.4


2.1 Consumption 0.7 -0.3 0.7 0.1 -0.3 0.1 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.12.2 Investment -0.2 -2.6 0.0 0.3 -0.5 -0.3 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.42.3 Stockbuilding -0.3 -1.2 1.0 0.3 -0.8 0.2 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 0.2 -4.1 1.7 0.8 -1.5 0.1 1.9 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.52.5 Exports 0.5 -4.5 3.7 2.6 0.9 0.9 1.9 2.7 1.5 2.5 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.12.6 Final demand : : : : : : : : : : : 2.7 2.6 2.62.7 Imports -0.3 4.4 -3.2 -1.6 0.3 -0.7 -2.1 -2.9 -1.8 -2.1 -1.2 -1.4 -1.2 -1.22.8 Net exports 0.2 -0.1 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.4 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings 20.0 21.9 22.2 21.9 21.1 : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households 3.1 4.4 3.8 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.6 1.8 2.2 : : 3.3 General government savings 1.7 -2.0 -1.7 -0.6 -0.2 0.3 0.6 1.1 1.5 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.33.4 National savings 21.7 19.8 20.5 21.3 20.9 : : : : : : : : 3.5 Gross capital formation 23.0 19.8 20.4 20.9 19.6 19.3 19.8 20.2 20.4 20.8 21.2 21.4 21.5 21.63.6 Current account -1.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.3 : : : : : : : :


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 82.8 71.9 76.7 80.4 79.2 78.8 80.4 81.0 81.3 82.7 83.5 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 3.2 -2.3 -1.1 -0.3 -1.6 -2.4 -1.9 -0.9 -0.4 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.44.3 Potential GDP gap 1.5 -3.7 -2.4 -1.5 -2.4 -2.9 -2.2 -1.3 -0.6 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.24.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.2 3.1 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 1.0 1.05.4 Labour productivity growth -0.5 -2.5 3.1 1.8 0.0 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.9 1.05.5 Total factor productivity growth -1.0 -3.8 2.3 1.4 -0.5 0.2 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.5



7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 3.2 1.5 3.0 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.8 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.77.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.0 1.7 1.3 -0.4 -0.2 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.17.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.9 4.2 -0.1 0.4 1.9 1.3 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.2 2.3 2.5 1.8 1.87.4 Real unit labour costs 1.2 2.8 -1.0 -0.9 0.4 -0.1 -0.5 -1.1 0.0 -0.1 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.07.5 GDP deflator 2.5 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.77.6 Private consumption deflator 3.2 -0.1 1.7 2.6 1.9 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.6 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5




9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.6 4.2 3.8 4.3 3.6 2.9 2.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 5.1 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.5 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.1 1.6 1.1 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 2.0 -2.1 -7.3 1.0 -4.9 4.9 4.6 -5.6 1.2 1.5 6.2 -1.9 -0.2 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 122.2 118.4 108.2 107.8 102.3 106.0 108.4 100.0 99.4 100.2 105.4 102.1 100.6 99.5 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


198


111. EU-15(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.8 2.2 2.5 3.0 1.8 0.7 0.2 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.31.2 Government consumption 4.6 3.0 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.9 0.3 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.0 1.7 1.5 1.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.8 0.3 2.5 4.1 1.4 -0.7 0.0 4.6 4.1 3.2 2.1 3.4 1.6 1.61.4 of which equipment : : 2.8 6.7 0.9 0.0 0.6 4.9 6.1 4.3 2.9 0.8 1.1 1.71.5 of which construction : -0.7 2.5 1.9 1.4 -2.2 -1.3 1.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.5 1.9 1.51.6 Exports of goods and services 7.9 4.2 5.2 8.1 3.9 2.4 3.5 6.2 2.8 5.5 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.21.7 Imports of goods and services 8.6 3.0 5.6 8.7 3.9 2.2 2.4 7.2 4.1 4.7 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.61.8 GDP 4.9 2.1 2.4 2.9 1.8 0.7 0.7 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.2


2.1 Consumption 3.5 1.8 : 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.2 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.02.2 Investment 1.4 0.1 : -0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.1 : 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.0 1.8 : 1.2 1.7 0.7 0.2 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.32.5 Exports 1.5 1.0 : 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.4 2.6 1.2 2.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.02.6 Final demand : : : 0.0 : : : : : : : 2.4 2.3 2.32.7 Imports -1.6 -0.7 : -1.0 -1.2 -0.8 -0.9 -2.8 -1.6 -1.8 -1.0 -1.3 -1.1 -1.12.8 Net exports -0.1 0.3 : 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 20.6 20.5 21.0 21.2 21.0 21.1 21.1 21.0 21.2 21.3 21.43.2 Net savings of households : : : 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.4 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.5 1.3 0.6 0.0 1.0 1.5 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.23.4 National savings 25.0 22.3 : 22.0 21.8 21.5 21.2 21.9 22.5 23.5 23.6 23.6 23.6 23.63.5 Gross capital formation 26.2 23.4 : 21.7 21.5 21.5 19.7 20.0 20.3 20.7 21.0 21.3 21.4 21.53.6 Current account 0.4 -0.5 : 0.3 0.3 0.0 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.0


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (b) (c) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap (b) : -0.3 : -0.4 0.5 1.1 -1.5 -0.9 -0.3 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.34.3 Potential GDP gap (b) : -0.6 : 0.1 0.6 -0.2 -2.3 -1.4 -0.6 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.24.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) (a) 100.0 83.3 103.8 120.9 124.1 117.3 109.0 115.3 116.4 117.2 115.2 112.5 112.0 111.0

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) (a) 4.2 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) (b) 2.8 2.9 : 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.85.3 Growth of capital intensity (a) 3.9 2.6 1.7 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.7 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.2 0.7 0.85.4 Labour productivity growth (a) 4.6 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.75.5 Total factor productivity growth (a) 3.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.5 -0.1 0.4 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.4


6.1 Employment (a) 0.3 0.1 0.7 1.6 1.0 0.4 0.2 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.56.2 Activity rate (b) 64.5 64.1 : 68.2 70.7 72.8 74.0 74.7 75.3 75.6 76.0 76.3 76.4 76.66.3 Employment rate (b) 63.0 60.0 : 61.8 65.2 66.9 66.3 67.5 68.6 69.5 70.4 71.0 71.3 71.5 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate (b) : : : 9.3 7.9 8.2 10.5 9.8 9.0 8.2 7.5 7.0 6.9 6.8 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.8 11.5 5.3 2.6 2.9 2.6 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.37.2 Real wages per head (d) 4.9 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.97.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.1 9.5 3.5 1.3 2.0 2.2 1.1 0.3 1.1 1.0 2.0 2.3 1.6 1.67.4 Real unit labour costs -0.1 -0.5 -0.7 -0.3 -0.3 0.4 -0.1 -1.0 0.0 -0.2 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.17.5 GDP deflator 5.1 9.9 4.1 1.5 2.1 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.57.6 Private consumption deflator 4.7 10.2 4.0 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.5 0.3 0.7 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


8.2 Total revenue : : : 44.6 43.5 44.1 45.3 45.1 45.2 45.4 45.6 45.5 45.3 45.18.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.1 -2.4 -3.6 -3.8 -2.4 -1.7 -1.1 -0.7 -0.9 -1.1 -1.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -2.1 -2.7 -3.5 -2.5 -1.6 -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.2 -1.3 -1.38.5 Debt (end of period) : 49.5 : 61.9 63.8 82.6 92.0 89.6 88.4 86.9 85.4 84.2 83.1 82.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


9.2 Short-term interest rate (b) 5.6 11.2 : 4.7 3.1 2.9 0.6 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) (b) 1.3 0.7 : 1.1 1.3 1.0 2.4 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.3 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (b) (e) 1.8 1.2 : : 2.2 2.2 1.8 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate (a) : : 4.5 2.1 6.3 -0.1 2.1 -4.9 -0.3 2.8 7.7 -1.6 -0.4 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate (a) : : 118.4 110.7 106.9 110.0 101.8 100.0 98.5 100.3 106.4 103.0 101.1 100.0 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

(a) 1961-91: including West-Germany (b) 1961-90: including West-Germany (c) Manufacturing industry

199


112. Albania(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 10.1 0.7 1.6 1.8 0.1 1.8 2.8 1.2 2.1 2.2 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.91.2 Government consumption 4.4 3.7 4.0 0.7 0.1 2.9 6.4 -1.1 4.7 2.9 -1.1 2.6 1.8 2.21.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.4 1.0 -8.5 5.9 -7.9 -2.0 -4.5 3.5 2.4 5.5 2.9 2.8 3.4 3.51.4 of which equipment 20.7 -6.2 -13.2 9.1 -9.3 0.6 2.3 10.0 9.6 0.5 : : : 1.5 of which construction 1.8 1.9 -9.2 5.1 -9.6 -4.5 -5.5 5.7 1.6 8.0 2.9 2.8 3.4 3.51.6 Exports of goods and services -4.6 4.7 19.2 6.7 0.3 1.6 1.2 1.0 11.3 12.9 3.2 5.4 6.8 5.81.7 Imports of goods and services 3.6 -1.1 -0.6 6.2 -6.7 -0.6 4.3 -2.9 6.9 8.1 3.9 4.8 4.4 4.01.8 GDP 7.5 3.4 3.7 2.5 1.4 1.0 1.8 2.2 3.3 3.8 4.1 3.1 3.7 3.6


2.1 Consumption 9.0 1.0 1.8 1.5 0.1 1.8 3.0 0.8 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.52.2 Investment 1.5 0.3 -2.7 1.7 -2.3 -0.5 -1.2 0.8 0.6 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.82.3 Stockbuilding 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 -0.5 0.3 0.3 0.32.4 Domestic demand 12.4 1.5 -0.8 3.4 -2.4 1.3 1.4 1.7 2.3 3.1 2.6 3.7 3.6 3.62.5 Exports -1.2 1.1 4.5 1.8 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.1 3.8 1.0 1.7 2.2 1.92.6 Final demand 10.9 2.6 4.0 5.3 -2.3 1.7 1.7 1.9 5.4 6.8 3.6 5.3 5.7 5.52.7 Imports -2.0 0.6 0.3 -3.0 3.4 0.3 -1.9 1.3 -3.1 -3.7 -1.9 -2.2 -2.1 -1.92.8 Net exports -3.2 1.7 4.8 -1.2 3.5 0.7 -1.6 1.6 0.0 0.1 -0.8 -0.5 0.1 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings : : : : : : : : : : : 17.8 18.3 18.63.5 Gross capital formation 35.8 34.6 30.3 31.4 28.3 28.1 25.7 25.8 25.2 25.0 24.1 23.8 23.5 23.23.6 Current account -15.7 -15.4 -11.3 -12.9 -10.2 -9.3 -10.8 -8.6 -7.6 -7.5 -6.7 -6.5 -5.6 -5.1


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth 14.7 0.1 3.1 3.2 13.4 5.6 : : : : : : : 5.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment -6.3 3.3 0.6 -0.7 -10.6 -4.3 : : : : : : : 6.2 Activity rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.3 Employment rate 57.7 59.6 59.7 59.0 52.5 50.1 : : : : : : : (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.2 Real wages per head (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 Real unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.5 GDP deflator 4.1 2.4 4.5 2.3 1.0 0.3 1.5 0.6 -0.6 1.5 0.9 1.8 2.2 2.27.6 Private consumption deflator 3.3 2.3 3.0 3.3 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.9 2.17.7 Terms of trade 2.6 -1.5 -5.1 -2.8 0.6 -1.0 0.1 -1.5 -0.8 2.5 3.7 1.6 1.2 0.8


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : 27.8 27.5 27.5 27.78.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -5.6 -7.1 -3.1 -3.5 -3.4 -5.0 -5.2 -4.1 -1.8 -2.0 -1.6 -1.7 -1.3 -1.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 51.8 55.9 54.1 55.6 58.2 61.7 66.1 68.7 68.7 66.9 67.9 66.6 64.6 62.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : : : : : : : : : : :


200


113. Montenegro(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 11.2 -14.2 2.0 0.5 -3.9 1.6 2.9 2.2 5.4 3.9 4.6 3.6 2.4 2.01.2 Government consumption 1.6 0.6 -0.4 -0.3 3.0 1.3 1.4 1.9 0.8 -1.4 6.3 1.4 2.1 1.61.3 Gross fixed capital formation 31.6 -28.9 -18.5 -7.2 -2.4 10.7 -2.5 11.9 38.4 18.7 14.7 3.2 2.6 1.51.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 1.7 -12.7 7.5 14.6 -0.3 -1.3 -0.7 5.7 5.9 1.8 6.9 4.3 2.8 3.61.7 Imports of goods and services 17.4 -27.8 -3.1 0.3 0.6 -3.1 1.6 4.4 15.3 8.4 9.2 3.9 2.3 1.41.8 GDP 7.2 -5.8 2.7 3.2 -2.7 3.5 1.8 3.4 2.9 4.7 5.1 3.1 3.0 2.8


2.1 Consumption 10.1 -12.7 1.6 0.3 -2.6 1.6 2.6 2.2 4.4 2.7 4.6 2.9 2.1 1.72.2 Investment 10.4 -11.3 -5.1 -1.6 -0.5 2.1 -0.5 2.3 7.7 4.6 3.9 0.9 0.7 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.9 -2.6 1.7 -0.7 0.9 -1.7 1.0 -0.7 -2.4 1.9 -0.3 0.0 0.5 0.02.4 Domestic demand 21.4 -26.6 -1.8 -2.0 -2.2 2.0 3.0 3.7 9.7 9.3 8.2 3.8 3.4 2.22.5 Exports 0.7 -5.0 2.6 5.4 -0.1 -0.6 -0.3 2.3 2.5 0.7 2.8 1.8 1.3 1.72.6 Final demand 22.1 -31.6 0.7 3.4 -2.3 1.4 2.7 6.0 12.2 10.0 11.0 5.7 4.7 3.82.7 Imports -14.9 25.8 2.0 -0.2 -0.4 2.1 -1.0 -2.6 -9.3 -5.3 -6.0 -2.6 -1.6 -1.02.8 Net exports -14.2 20.8 4.6 5.2 -0.6 1.5 -1.3 -0.3 -6.8 -4.6 -3.1 -0.8 -0.4 0.7


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings : : : : : : : : : : : 15.2 16.2 18.23.5 Gross capital formation 41.2 26.9 21.8 19.3 20.6 19.6 20.2 20.1 26.1 30.2 31.9 31.8 32.0 31.53.6 Current account -49.5 -27.7 -20.3 -14.8 -15.3 -11.4 -12.4 -11.0 -16.2 -16.1 -17.0 -16.6 -15.8 -13.3


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : 63.1 60.2 60.3 61.5 62.9 64.0 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth 4.0 -3.2 4.4 10.3 -5.1 3.1 -5.0 0.9 1.8 2.4 2.7 0.1 1.9 0.75.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment 3.1 -2.7 -1.6 -6.4 2.6 0.4 7.1 2.5 1.1 2.3 2.3 3.0 1.1 2.16.2 Activity rate 63.6 63.2 62.1 57.9 59.2 59.3 62.4 63.8 64.9 65.3 66.2 67.6 67.9 68.26.3 Employment rate 52.7 51.0 49.9 46.5 47.5 47.7 51.2 52.6 53.4 54.8 55.9 57.7 58.2 58.7 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 17.2 19.2 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.5 18.0 17.6 17.7 16.1 15.5 14.7 14.3 13.9 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.2 Real wages per head (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 Real unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.5 GDP deflator 7.6 2.4 1.6 1.2 0.2 2.1 1.0 2.2 5.1 3.8 3.2 0.8 1.4 1.87.6 Private consumption deflator 5.9 2.6 2.2 3.7 2.9 1.9 -1.0 2.0 -0.4 1.9 1.8 0.5 1.3 1.67.7 Terms of trade -2.0 2.4 1.0 -2.4 -1.6 3.0 1.7 2.6 0.8 5.3 3.1 1.9 0.8 0.6


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : 44.7 40.6 38.88.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : : 42.1 41.6 41.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -0.5 -5.8 -4.8 -5.4 -5.7 -5.2 -3.1 -7.3 -2.8 -5.6 -2.6 -2.6 1.0 2.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 28.8 38.1 40.7 45.4 53.4 57.5 59.9 66.2 64.4 64.2 70.0 77.8 71.5 62.7




201


114. North Macedonia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.8 -3.3 3.8 -5.4 1.2 1.9 2.2 4.4 3.9 0.7 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.91.2 Government consumption 10.2 0.2 -3.6 1.2 2.4 0.5 3.0 3.9 -4.9 -2.5 6.2 3.1 2.8 2.21.3 Gross fixed capital formation 17.8 2.7 -4.0 13.3 6.5 3.5 4.0 10.5 9.9 6.0 -7.2 8.6 9.3 8.71.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services -4.7 -13.9 23.7 16.1 2.0 6.1 16.5 8.5 9.1 8.1 15.3 9.9 9.7 9.21.7 Imports of goods and services 5.1 -12.3 10.4 8.0 8.2 2.2 14.1 9.9 11.1 6.4 9.0 10.2 10.1 9.31.8 GDP 5.5 -0.4 3.4 2.3 -0.5 2.9 3.6 3.9 2.8 0.2 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.3


2.1 Consumption 5.4 -2.6 2.2 -3.8 1.3 1.5 2.1 3.8 1.8 0.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.12.2 Investment 4.0 0.7 -1.0 3.1 1.5 0.8 0.9 2.5 2.4 1.5 -1.7 2.2 2.6 2.62.3 Stockbuilding 1.3 -0.9 0.0 1.3 1.2 -0.7 2.1 0.1 1.5 -1.2 -0.7 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 10.7 -2.7 1.2 0.6 4.1 1.6 5.2 6.3 5.6 0.3 0.4 4.6 4.9 4.72.5 Exports -2.1 -6.0 7.8 6.4 0.9 2.8 7.2 4.0 4.4 4.1 8.5 5.9 6.2 6.32.6 Final demand 8.6 -8.7 9.0 7.0 5.0 4.4 12.3 10.3 10.1 4.5 8.9 10.6 11.1 11.02.7 Imports -3.2 8.4 -5.6 -4.6 -5.4 -1.4 -8.7 -6.5 -7.2 -4.2 -6.2 -7.4 -7.9 -7.72.8 Net exports -5.2 2.4 2.1 1.8 -4.5 1.3 -1.5 -2.4 -2.8 -0.1 2.2 -1.5 -1.7 -1.4


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings 15.2 19.0 22.4 24.4 25.8 27.2 29.8 28.5 29.7 32.0 32.7 33.8 35.0 36.73.5 Gross capital formation 27.9 25.7 24.5 26.9 28.9 28.8 30.3 30.4 32.5 33.0 33.0 35.2 37.1 38.83.6 Current account -12.7 -6.8 -2.0 -2.5 -3.2 -1.6 -0.5 -2.0 -2.9 -1.0 -0.3 -1.4 -2.0 -2.1


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 67.0 63.8 68.3 66.8 67.8 72.2 69.6 71.8 70.9 72.9 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth -2.3 -4.6 7.2 0.9 -1.6 -2.5 1.2 2.0 1.3 -2.1 2.3 -1.1 1.0 0.85.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment 7.9 4.4 -3.6 1.4 1.2 5.6 2.4 1.9 1.6 2.4 0.4 4.4 2.2 2.56.2 Activity rate 69.1 70.0 68.0 68.0 68.2 69.9 70.6 70.3 69.6 : : : : 6.3 Employment rate 47.5 49.3 47.3 47.8 48.2 50.9 52.2 53.3 54.2 : : : : (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 33.8 32.2 32.0 31.4 31.0 29.0 28.0 26.2 24.1 24.3 22.6 19.4 18.4 17.4 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.2 3.6 4.6 1.1 -2.0 -4.2 5.0 2.1 6.4 0.9 5.0 4.0 3.4 2.47.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.3 2.6 4.5 -7.9 -1.3 -6.5 4.9 2.1 6.8 -0.4 3.3 3.2 2.3 0.87.3 Nominal unit labour costs 10.7 8.5 -2.5 0.2 -0.4 -1.7 3.7 0.2 5.0 3.1 2.6 5.2 2.4 1.67.4 Real unit labour costs 5.0 8.2 -4.4 -3.4 -1.3 -5.9 2.2 -1.8 1.5 -0.3 -1.6 3.0 0.6 -0.67.5 GDP deflator 5.5 0.3 2.0 3.7 1.0 4.5 1.4 2.0 3.5 3.4 4.3 2.1 1.7 2.37.6 Private consumption deflator 7.9 0.9 0.0 9.7 -0.7 2.5 0.1 0.0 -0.4 1.4 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.67.7 Terms of trade -2.0 -2.8 1.3 -3.2 1.0 0.2 2.0 3.5 5.0 1.9 -2.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : 30.8 31.0 30.98.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : : 28.3 28.6 28.78.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -0.9 -2.6 -2.4 -2.5 -3.8 -3.8 -4.2 -3.5 -2.7 -2.7 -1.8 -2.5 -2.4 -2.38.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 20.5 23.6 24.1 27.7 33.7 34.0 38.1 38.1 39.9 39.5 40.5 41.9 42.5 42.7




202


115. Serbia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.5 -3.3 -0.6 1.4 -1.7 -1.7 -0.1 -0.3 1.3 1.9 3.1 3.3 3.8 3.51.2 Government consumption 3.5 -1.7 0.0 1.6 0.4 -2.1 0.9 -3.7 1.2 3.3 3.7 2.9 2.4 2.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 8.1 -22.5 -6.5 4.7 13.9 -12.0 -3.4 4.9 5.4 7.3 17.8 9.3 6.9 7.61.4 of which equipment 13.9 -33.3 -6.8 1.6 33.1 -8.3 -4.3 2.4 7.4 7.8 18.5 : : 1.5 of which construction 0.8 -12.1 -7.5 6.2 -0.7 -20.9 -2.6 1.6 7.8 8.9 17.3 : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 12.6 -11.5 16.9 5.6 2.9 18.0 4.3 9.4 11.9 8.2 8.3 8.1 7.9 7.41.7 Imports of goods and services 10.1 -21.9 -0.1 7.2 -0.6 6.5 5.1 4.0 6.7 11.1 11.6 9.5 7.8 7.51.8 GDP 5.7 -2.7 0.7 2.0 -0.7 2.9 -1.6 1.8 3.3 2.0 4.4 3.2 3.8 3.7


2.1 Consumption 4.1 -2.9 -0.5 1.4 -1.2 -1.7 0.1 -0.9 1.1 1.9 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.82.2 Investment 1.9 -5.3 -1.2 0.8 2.4 -2.4 -0.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 3.2 1.9 1.5 1.72.3 Stockbuilding 1.1 -2.3 -2.1 1.2 -3.1 3.7 -0.4 -0.1 -0.6 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 7.1 -10.4 -3.7 3.4 -1.9 -0.4 -0.9 -0.2 1.4 4.0 6.8 4.7 4.5 4.62.5 Exports 3.4 -3.3 4.4 1.8 0.9 6.5 1.7 4.0 5.4 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.32.6 Final demand 10.5 -13.7 0.7 5.2 -1.0 6.1 0.9 3.8 6.8 8.0 11.0 9.1 8.9 8.92.7 Imports -4.9 11.0 0.0 -3.2 0.3 -3.2 -2.4 -2.0 -3.5 -5.9 -6.6 -5.9 -5.2 -5.22.8 Net exports -1.4 7.7 4.5 -1.4 1.2 3.3 -0.7 2.0 1.9 -2.0 -2.4 -1.6 -0.7 -0.9


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings 6.5 12.4 11.1 8.0 8.4 11.6 10.9 15.1 15.0 14.4 17.5 17.6 18.5 19.03.5 Gross capital formation 26.4 18.7 17.6 18.3 19.3 17.4 16.5 18.6 17.9 19.6 22.7 23.6 24.0 24.53.6 Current account -20.0 -6.3 -6.5 -10.3 -10.9 -5.8 -5.6 -3.5 -2.9 -5.2 -5.2 -6.0 -5.5 -5.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : 68.2 70.8 71.9 73.8 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth -0.6 4.9 10.0 8.5 0.4 -0.8 -11.2 1.2 -2.2 -0.7 3.0 1.4 2.5 2.55.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment 6.3 -7.3 -8.4 -6.0 -1.1 3.7 10.8 0.6 5.6 2.8 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.26.2 Activity rate 65.9 63.0 59.8 59.1 59.7 61.0 65.9 65.9 68.4 69.7 68.2 68.0 68.0 67.96.3 Employment rate 56.9 52.8 48.4 45.6 45.4 47.5 53.3 54.3 58.0 60.3 59.5 60.9 62.0 63.0 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 13.6 16.1 19.2 23.0 23.9 22.1 19.2 17.7 15.3 13.5 12.7 10.5 8.9 7.2 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.2 Real wages per head (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 Real unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.5 GDP deflator 9.1 7.9 5.7 8.9 6.2 5.1 2.6 1.8 1.5 3.0 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.57.6 Private consumption deflator 10.2 8.4 7.6 9.7 7.3 6.2 1.8 1.9 2.0 3.0 1.2 1.9 1.9 1.97.7 Terms of trade -2.0 3.6 -6.6 0.8 -3.1 3.5 2.0 -1.9 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.5 -4.2 -4.3 -4.5 -6.4 -5.1 -6.2 -3.5 -1.2 1.1 0.6 -0.1 -0.5 -0.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 24.6 30.3 48.9 43.5 54.3 56.7 65.4 70.7 68.6 60.1 54.4 52.1 49.9 48.0




203


116. Turkey(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 0.3 -3.7 10.8 12.3 3.2 7.9 3.0 5.4 3.7 6.2 0.0 0.0 2.9 3.01.2 Government consumption 3.5 8.1 1.7 1.1 6.8 8.0 3.1 3.9 9.5 5.0 6.6 3.3 2.9 2.81.3 Gross fixed capital formation -2.7 -20.5 22.5 23.8 2.7 13.8 5.1 9.3 2.2 8.2 -0.6 -9.0 3.3 5.11.4 of which equipment -5.6 -22.2 27.6 28.4 -4.4 8.1 3.9 18.5 1.2 0.7 -8.9 -4.2 5.1 5.71.5 of which construction -6.9 -14.7 18.1 22.5 7.2 21.1 6.5 4.7 2.8 12.0 2.5 5.7 5.6 5.81.6 Exports of goods and services 3.8 -3.7 1.7 13.4 14.9 1.1 8.2 4.3 -1.9 12.0 7.8 6.2 3.1 3.51.7 Imports of goods and services -2.8 -14.3 19.5 15.4 0.7 8.0 -0.4 1.7 3.7 10.3 -7.8 -10.8 3.2 3.91.8 GDP 0.8 -4.7 8.5 11.1 4.8 8.5 5.2 6.1 3.2 7.5 2.8 0.3 3.1 3.5


2.1 Consumption 0.7 -1.1 6.9 7.9 2.9 6.1 2.3 3.8 3.5 4.5 0.9 0.5 2.1 2.12.2 Investment -0.8 -5.4 5.0 5.9 0.7 3.8 1.5 2.6 0.7 2.4 -0.2 -2.6 0.9 1.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.8 -5.0 5.4 -0.5 -3.2 3.2 -0.3 -1.1 0.4 0.6 -2.1 -2.4 0.0 -0.12.4 Domestic demand 0.7 -11.5 17.3 13.3 0.5 13.1 3.4 5.4 4.6 7.4 -1.4 -4.8 2.9 3.42.5 Exports 0.8 -0.8 0.4 2.8 3.1 0.2 1.7 0.9 -0.4 2.5 1.7 1.6 0.9 1.02.6 Final demand 1.5 -12.4 17.7 16.0 3.6 13.3 5.2 6.3 4.1 9.9 0.5 -2.9 3.8 4.42.7 Imports 0.7 3.7 -4.5 -3.9 -0.2 -2.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.9 -2.4 1.9 2.8 -0.7 -0.92.8 Net exports 1.5 2.9 -4.1 -1.2 2.9 -1.8 1.8 0.5 -1.3 0.1 3.5 4.4 0.1 0.1


3.1 Private sector savings : 22.9 19.3 19.2 18.9 18.9 20.5 20.5 21.7 23.3 : 23.3 24.8 25.63.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : -1.5 2.0 3.3 3.9 4.3 3.9 4.3 2.7 2.0 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.03.4 National savings 23.8 21.4 21.3 22.5 22.8 23.2 24.4 24.8 24.4 25.3 : 24.7 25.6 26.63.5 Gross capital formation 28.9 23.0 27.0 31.3 28.3 29.8 29.0 28.4 28.2 31.0 29.6 25.4 26.2 27.53.6 Current account -5.1 -1.7 -5.7 -8.8 -5.5 -6.6 -4.6 -3.6 -3.8 -5.5 -3.6 -0.6 -0.7 -1.0


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 79.9 65.8 73.9 76.9 77.0 76.7 75.3 76.8 77.5 78.5 77.0 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : 25.9 31.4 23.5 23.4 19.6 18.2 15.1 14.5 11.6 6.9 6.2 6.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.45.3 Growth of capital intensity : : 18.5 23.2 20.0 20.0 17.7 15.2 12.6 10.5 9.5 8.9 3.5 3.15.4 Labour productivity growth -1.3 -5.1 2.1 4.2 1.8 5.5 3.5 3.3 0.9 3.7 0.9 2.2 0.5 0.75.5 Total factor productivity growth : : -6.8 -6.9 -7.8 -4.4 -5.2 -4.2 -5.3 -1.7 -3.9 -2.4 -1.4 -1.0


6.1 Employment 2.1 0.4 6.2 6.7 3.0 2.8 1.6 2.7 2.2 3.6 1.9 -1.8 2.6 2.86.2 Activity rate 49.6 50.5 51.6 52.9 53.3 54.3 55.1 56.0 56.8 58.0 58.6 58.5 59.0 59.76.3 Employment rate 44.7 44.1 46.0 48.3 48.9 49.5 49.6 50.2 50.6 51.7 52.1 50.5 51.2 51.9 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 10.0 13.0 11.1 9.1 8.4 9.0 9.9 10.3 10.9 10.9 11.0 13.7 13.3 12.9 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.8 6.0 8.4 9.4 12.4 10.3 14.8 12.8 20.2 8.8 17.0 17.5 10.8 10.07.2 Real wages per head (b) -0.9 1.0 1.7 1.9 4.4 4.0 6.6 4.6 12.8 -1.8 1.8 1.9 0.4 0.97.3 Nominal unit labour costs 11.2 11.6 6.1 5.0 10.5 4.5 10.9 9.1 19.1 4.9 15.9 15.0 10.3 9.27.4 Real unit labour costs -0.7 5.9 -0.8 -3.0 2.9 -1.7 3.3 1.2 10.2 -5.5 -0.4 1.2 -0.6 -0.57.5 GDP deflator 12.0 5.4 7.0 8.2 7.4 6.3 7.4 7.8 8.1 11.0 16.4 13.6 10.9 9.87.6 Private consumption deflator 10.8 5.0 6.6 7.3 7.7 6.1 7.7 7.8 6.6 10.8 14.9 15.3 10.3 9.07.7 Terms of trade -3.0 2.0 -2.3 -7.3 -0.9 2.4 -0.2 2.1 3.9 -5.7 -2.6 -7.4 -0.6 -0.5


8.1 Total expenditure : 38.0 35.5 33.6 33.5 32.8 32.1 31.9 34.1 34.1 34.3 34.7 34.2 33.98.2 Total revenue : 31.8 32.9 32.8 33.3 33.0 32.3 32.6 33.0 31.4 31.2 31.8 30.6 30.68.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : -6.2 -2.7 -0.7 -0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 -1.1 -2.8 -3.2 -3.0 -3.5 -3.38.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 38.1 43.9 40.1 36.5 32.7 31.4 28.8 27.6 28.3 28.2 30.1 31.4 33.0 34.3


9.1 Long-term interest rate 18.9 12.9 9.6 9.3 8.5 7.8 9.2 9.3 10.2 11.1 15.9 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 17.0 10.2 7.6 : : : : : : : : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.9 2.7 2.0 : : : : : : : : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 6.2 7.2 2.4 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.9 0.1 -0.5 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate -3.7 -9.9 4.3 -14.2 -2.1 -6.1 -11.4 -6.3 -7.6 -18.2 -25.4 -12.4 -1.7 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 112.5 106.0 117.2 103.3 107.3 106.0 100.6 100.0 98.5 88.0 74.9 74.3 79.2 84.9


204


117. Japan(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 8.7 3.4 3.3 1.0 1.3 0.5 0.8 -0.2 -0.1 1.1 0.3 0.6 -0.2 0.51.2 Government consumption 4.9 4.4 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.4 0.61.3 Gross fixed capital formation 14.0 1.9 4.2 -0.1 -0.9 -3.4 3.3 1.6 -0.3 3.0 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.71.4 of which equipment : 4.4 5.0 2.1 2.1 -2.4 3.3 2.8 -1.8 4.9 : : : : 1.5 of which construction : 0.2 3.4 -2.6 -4.4 -5.6 4.0 0.3 1.3 2.9 : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 14.1 9.1 3.5 5.5 6.2 3.1 2.4 2.9 1.7 6.8 3.4 -1.4 0.8 0.81.7 Imports of goods and services 14.3 1.7 7.3 3.3 3.8 0.2 5.7 0.8 -1.6 3.4 3.4 -0.7 0.3 0.51.8 GDP 9.4 3.8 3.3 1.1 1.2 0.1 0.9 1.2 0.6 1.9 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.6


2.1 Consumption 6.0 2.5 2.3 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.42.2 Investment 3.6 0.5 1.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 0.7 0.4 -0.1 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.22.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 9.7 3.0 3.6 0.8 0.8 -0.3 1.5 0.9 0.0 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.62.5 Exports 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.1 0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.12.6 Final demand 10.3 3.8 3.9 1.4 1.6 0.1 1.9 1.4 0.3 2.5 1.4 0.8 0.5 0.72.7 Imports -0.9 -0.2 -0.6 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.9 -0.2 0.3 -0.5 -0.6 0.1 -0.1 -0.12.8 Net exports -0.3 0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 -0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : 27.4 29.0 28.7 28.3 27.3 27.3 27.7 27.5 27.5 27.4 27.3 27.03.2 Net savings of households : : 8.8 6.4 2.5 1.8 1.1 0.7 1.7 1.4 : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : 5.7 2.0 -0.8 -1.4 -3.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.33.4 National savings 36.1 32.0 33.1 31.1 28.0 26.9 24.1 27.1 27.4 28.2 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.23.5 Gross capital formation 37.3 32.6 31.6 28.8 24.9 23.3 23.0 24.0 23.4 23.9 24.4 24.6 24.8 24.93.6 Current account 0.6 0.9 2.7 2.3 3.0 3.6 1.2 3.1 4.0 4.2 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 6.7 5.6 4.2 2.3 0.9 -0.1 -0.1 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.75.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 5.3 4.9 3.2 2.8 0.9 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 0.2 0.5 0.45.4 Labour productivity growth 7.9 3.1 2.3 1.6 1.2 0.1 0.8 0.8 -0.3 1.0 -0.2 0.4 0.2 0.35.5 Total factor productivity growth : : 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.9 0.8 -0.1 1.1 -0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2


6.1 Employment 1.3 0.7 0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.36.2 Activity rate 77.7 76.4 77.4 80.2 80.2 83.9 86.3 89.4 91.1 92.6 94.0 95.4 96.6 97.86.3 Employment rate 76.8 74.8 75.5 77.0 76.3 80.3 82.8 86.5 88.3 90.0 91.7 93.2 94.4 95.7 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.3 2.2 2.5 4.1 5.0 4.4 4.1 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : 3.0 0.3 -1.3 -1.0 0.2 0.5 1.1 0.5 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.07.2 Real wages per head (b) : : 1.8 0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 0.1 1.7 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.47.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : 0.7 -1.3 -2.4 -1.1 -0.5 -0.3 1.5 -0.5 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.77.4 Real unit labour costs : : -0.4 -0.7 -1.2 -0.1 -0.3 -2.4 1.2 -0.2 1.5 0.1 0.3 -0.17.5 GDP deflator 6.2 5.2 1.1 -0.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.3 2.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.5 0.87.6 Private consumption deflator 6.1 6.4 1.1 -0.1 -0.9 -0.7 0.2 0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.67.7 Terms of trade -0.1 -4.7 2.5 -2.2 -2.8 -3.0 -2.6 9.0 5.4 -4.1 -4.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : 37.3 40.6 39.3 39.3 38.7 38.8 39.0 39.2 39.18.2 Total revenue : : : : : 31.5 33.0 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.9 36.1 36.5 36.78.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : -0.6 -6.6 -6.2 -5.8 -7.6 -3.6 -3.5 -3.0 -2.9 -2.9 -2.7 -2.48.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 15.6 69.6 95.9 137.9 176.8 207.9 236.1 231.6 236.3 235.0 236.9 236.7 237.3 236.3


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 7.8 5.1 2.0 1.3 1.5 0.8 0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.1 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 7.8 4.6 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : 0.0 0.5 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 2.6 4.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 1.1 -1.7 -0.3 0.3 0.2 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 1.1 -2.3 3.6 -5.1 -5.7 15.0 -3.3 0.5 5.3 2.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 161.7 147.4 129.4 126.7 100.0 113.2 108.0 107.2 111.3 112.4 110.7


205


118. United States(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.5 3.0 3.1 4.6 3.1 1.1 1.9 3.7 2.7 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.2 2.11.2 Government consumption 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.9 -1.8 1.8 1.8 0.6 1.7 2.3 1.7 0.61.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.8 3.5 2.6 7.8 2.8 -2.7 5.0 3.2 1.9 3.7 4.1 0.8 1.1 1.21.4 of which equipment : 5.4 4.3 10.3 3.0 1.3 7.2 2.9 -0.9 4.8 6.7 2.4 1.0 0.91.5 of which construction 3.7 1.6 0.3 4.8 2.2 -8.4 3.8 3.5 1.2 3.0 0.8 -0.9 1.3 1.51.6 Exports of goods and services 6.7 3.8 9.1 7.1 2.1 5.2 4.6 0.5 0.0 3.5 3.0 0.3 1.5 1.61.7 Imports of goods and services 7.4 5.0 6.1 11.6 4.6 1.0 3.7 5.3 2.0 4.7 4.4 2.2 2.0 1.81.8 GDP 4.4 2.8 2.9 4.3 2.6 0.9 2.0 2.9 1.6 2.4 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.6


2.1 Consumption 3.2 2.2 2.2 3.2 2.4 1.0 1.0 2.8 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.52.2 Investment 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.7 0.6 -0.5 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.22.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 -0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.12.4 Domestic demand 3.5 3.0 2.8 5.0 3.0 0.5 2.0 3.7 1.9 2.7 3.2 2.3 1.9 1.62.5 Exports 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.22.6 Final demand 3.8 3.3 3.6 5.7 3.2 1.1 2.6 3.7 1.9 3.1 3.6 2.7 2.1 1.92.7 Imports -0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -1.4 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6 -0.9 -0.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.4 -0.4 -0.32.8 Net exports -0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.7 -0.4 0.4 0.0 -0.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings 21.7 22.7 19.9 18.7 19.3 20.0 22.9 21.8 20.9 21.0 21.9 21.7 21.5 21.43.2 Net savings of households : 8.0 5.9 4.3 3.6 3.8 5.7 5.7 5.1 5.1 : : : : 3.3 General government savings 1.4 -0.8 -1.2 2.0 -1.1 -3.8 -4.2 -1.6 -2.3 -2.4 -3.5 -3.3 -3.4 -3.53.4 National savings 23.2 21.8 18.7 20.6 18.2 16.3 18.7 20.2 18.6 18.6 18.4 18.4 18.2 17.93.5 Gross capital formation 23.0 23.3 21.7 22.8 22.3 20.8 20.1 21.1 20.4 20.6 21.0 20.7 20.5 20.43.6 Current account 0.2 -1.5 -3.0 -2.2 -4.1 -4.5 -1.4 -0.9 -1.8 -2.0 -2.5 : : :


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.7 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 -1.4 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.34.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.3 -0.1 1.0 0.1 -1.1 -1.9 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.44.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 97.0 115.6 136.8 141.0 143.2 156.3 157.4 158.6 159.1 161.8 161.2 159.0 158.5

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.9 2.5 2.4 3.3 3.1 2.1 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.35.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.5 2.4 2.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.35.4 Labour productivity growth 2.4 0.9 1.5 2.5 1.9 1.3 0.8 1.2 -0.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.15.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.0 0.7 1.1 1.9 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.1 -0.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.5


6.1 Employment 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.8 0.7 -0.4 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.56.2 Activity rate 67.5 72.4 77.5 77.2 76.7 76.2 74.8 75.0 75.7 76.0 76.3 76.7 77.3 77.56.3 Employment rate 64.4 67.2 72.8 73.7 72.6 71.1 69.2 71.1 72.1 72.7 73.4 73.9 74.5 74.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.9 7.5 6.3 4.6 5.4 6.8 7.7 5.3 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 5.6 7.4 4.3 4.8 3.1 2.6 2.5 3.1 0.9 3.1 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.57.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.6 0.5 1.2 3.0 1.0 0.6 0.7 2.9 -0.1 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.0 0.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.1 6.4 2.8 2.2 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.57.4 Real unit labour costs -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.6 -1.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.8 0.0 0.1 -0.4 0.4 0.2 -0.27.5 GDP deflator 3.2 6.7 2.8 1.7 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.77.6 Private consumption deflator 2.9 6.9 3.1 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.8 0.2 1.0 1.8 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.87.7 Terms of trade -0.3 -1.9 -0.6 0.3 -0.5 -0.2 0.5 3.5 1.7 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : 35.8 37.9 35.4 36.7 40.1 39.9 37.9 38.3 38.0 37.8 : : : 8.2 Total revenue : 31.0 32.4 34.1 31.9 32.0 32.1 33.3 32.9 33.7 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.0 -4.8 -5.5 -1.3 -4.8 -8.0 -7.8 -4.6 -5.4 -4.3 -6.6 -6.7 -6.7 -6.78.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 41.2 54.2 69.0 53.2 65.4 95.4 104.4 104.7 106.8 106.0 108.3 110.8 113.6 116.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.0 9.5 7.8 6.0 4.4 3.9 2.4 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.9 : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.5 8.7 6.3 5.8 2.4 2.9 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.3 2.3 : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.5 0.8 1.5 0.2 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.1 0.6 : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.8 2.7 4.9 4.3 2.1 2.0 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.5 : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 5.7 -2.1 -1.5 0.8 15.1 4.7 -0.3 -0.6 3.8 1.0 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 98.1 103.4 89.9 86.8 100.0 103.5 102.5 101.5 105.0 105.9 105.7


STATISTICAL ANNEX OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY

Statistical Annex of European Economy can be accessed and downloaded free of charge at the following address: https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/indicators-statistics/economic-databases/macro-economic-database-ameco/government-finance-and-other-macro-economic-data-eu-countries_en#general-government-data.

statistical annex of european economy€¦ · autumn 2019 . x x. x x: european commission ....

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