statistical annex of european economy...7 statistical annex long-term macroeconomic series notes on...

Economic and Financial Affairs

Statistical Annex of European Economy

SPRING 2020

X X

X X

European Commission Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs

Statistical Annex of European Economy

SPRING 2020

For inquiries concerning the data, please contact: I. Kuhnert tel. +32 (0)2 29 923 33 email: [email protected] D. Grenouilleau tel. +32 (0)2 29 514 39 email: [email protected] N. Doyle tel. +32 (0)2 29 934 60 email: [email protected]

Cut-off date: 23 April 2020

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NOTES ON THE STATISTICAL ANNEX 7

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 8

POPULATION AND LABOUR MARKET1. Total population (National accounts) 102. Employment, persons; all domestic industries (National accounts) 123. Unemployment rate; total 14

OUTPUT4. Gross domestic product at current market prices 165. Gross domestic product at current market prices 186. Gross domestic product at current market prices 207. Gross domestic product at current market prices 228. Gross domestic product at current market prices per head of population 249. Gross domestic product at current market prices per head of population 2610. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels 2811. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels per person employed 3012. Industrial production; construction excluded 32

NATIONAL FINAL USES13. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices 3414. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices per head of population 3615. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices per head of population 3816. Private final consumption expenditure at 2015 reference levels 4017. Final consumption expenditure of general government at current prices 4218. Final consumption expenditure of general government at 2015 reference levels 4419. Gross fixed capital formation at current prices; total economy 4620. Gross fixed capital formation at 2015 reference levels; total economy 4821. Changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables at current prices; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 5022. Domestic demand including stocks at current prices …………………………………………………………………………………… 5223. Domestic demand including stocks at 2015 reference levels …………………………………………………………………………………… 54

PRICES24. Price deflator gross domestic product at market prices …………………………………………………………………………………… 5625. Price deflator private final consumption expenditure …………………………………………………………………………………… 5826. Price deflator exports of goods and services …………………………………………………………………………………… 6027. Price deflator imports of goods and services …………………………………………………………………………………… 6228. Terms of trade goods and services (National accounts) …………………………………………………………………………………… 64

WAGE COSTS29. Nominal compensation per employee; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 6630. Real compensation per employee, deflator GDP; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 6831. Real compensation per employee, deflator private consumption; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 7032. Adjusted wage share; total economy; as percentage of GDP at current factor cost …………………………………………………………………………………… 7233. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 7434. Real unit labour costs; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 7635. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 78

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FOREIGN TRADE AND CURRENT BALANCE36. Exports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts) 8037. Exports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels 8238. Intra EU exports of goods 8439. Extra EU exports of goods 8640. Imports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts) 8841. Imports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels 9042. Intra EU imports of goods 9243. Extra EU imports of goods 9444. Balance on current transactions with the rest of the world (National accounts) 96

SAVING45. Gross national saving 9846. Gross saving; private sector 10047. Gross saving; general government 102

MONEY INTEREST RATES AND EXCHANGE RATES48. Nominal short-term interest rates 10449. Nominal long-term interest rates 10650. ECU-EUR exchange rates 10851. Conversion rates between the euro and the former national currencies of the Euro-Zone 11152. Nominal effective exchange rates 112

GENERAL GOVERNMENT (% OF GDP AT MARKET PRICES)53. Taxes linked to imports and production (indirect taxes); general government 11454. Current taxes on income and wealth (direct taxes); general government 11655. Net social contributions; general government 11856. Actual social contributions; general government 12057. Other current revenue including sales; general government 12258. Total current revenue; general government 12459. Final consumption expenditure of general government 12660. Collective consumption expenditure 12861. Social transfers in kind 13062. Compensation of employees; general government 13263. Intermediate consumption; general government 13464. Social benefits other than social transfers in kind; general government 13665. Social transfers in kind supplied to households via market producers; general government 13866. Interest; general government 14067. Subsidies; general government 14268. Other current expenditure; general government 14469. Total current expenditure; general government 14670. Gross saving; general government 14871. Capital transfers received; general government 15072. Total revenue; general government 15273. Gross fixed capital formation; general government 15474. Other capital expenditure, including capital transfers; general government 15675. Total expenditure; general government 15876. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-); general government 16077. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) excluding interest; general government 16278. General government consolidated gross debt 164………………………………………………………………………………………

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MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS79. Belgium 16680. Germany 16781. Estonia 16882. Ireland 16983. Greece 17084. Spain 17185. France 17286. Italy 17387. Cyprus 17488. Latvia 17589. Lithuania 17690. Luxembourg 17791. Malta 17892. Netherlands 17993. Austria 18094. Portugal 18195. Slovenia 18296. Slovakia 18397. Finland 18498. EA-19 18599. EA-12 186100. Bulgaria 187101. Czechia 188102. Denmark 189103. Croatia 190104. Hungary 191105. Poland 192106. Romania 193107. Sweden 194108. EU-27 195109. EU-15 196110. Albania 197111. Montenegro 198112. North Macedonia 199113. Serbia 200114. Turkey 201115. United Kingdom 202116. Japan 203117. United States 204

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SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL AANNNNEEXX

LLoonngg--tteerrmm mmaaccrrooeeccoonnoommiicc sseerriieess

NNootteess oonn tthhee ssttaattiissttiiccaall aannnneexx GGeenneerraall rreemmaarrkkss TThhiiss eeddiittiioonn ooff EEuurrooppeeaann EEccoonnoommyy ggiivveess iinn iittss ssttaattiissttiiccaall aannnneexx uuppddaatteedd ttiimmee sseerriieess ooff aannnnuuaall ddaattaa.. UUnnlleessss ootthheerrwwiissee ssttaatteedd,, ddaattaa ffoorr MMeemmbbeerr SSttaatteess aarree bbaasseedd oonn tthhee EESSAA 22001100 ssyysstteemm.. FFoorr tthhee mmaajjoorriittyy ooff MMeemmbbeerr SSttaatteess,, ddaattaa ssttaarrtt iinn 11999955,, tthhee eexxcceeppttiioonnss bbeeiinngg FFrraannccee,, wwhheerree ddaattaa ssttaarrtt iinn 11996600,, DDeennmmaarrkk iinn 11996666,, FFiinnllaanndd iinn 11997755,, GGeerrmmaannyy iinn 11999911,, SSwweeddeenn iinn 11999933 aanndd LLuuxxeemmbboouurrgg iinn 22000000.. EESSAA 11999955 aanndd EESSAA 11997799 ddaattaa aarree uusseedd ffoorr tthhee eeaarrlliieerr yyeeaarrss.. DDaattaa ffoorr TTuurrkkeeyy,, MMoonntteenneeggrroo,, NNoorrtthh MMaacceeddoonniiaa,, SSeerrbbiiaa aanndd AAllbbaanniiaa aarree iinncclluuddeedd iinn tthhiiss ppuubblliiccaattiioonn.. FFoorr tthhee UUSSAA aanndd JJaappaann tthhee ddeeffiinniittiioonnss aarree aass iinn tthhee SSNNAA 22000088.. DDaattaa ssoouurrcceess aarree EEuurroossttaatt,, nnaattiioonnaall ppuubblliiccaattiioonnss,, tthhee OOEECCDD aanndd tthhee EEuurrooppeeaann CCeennttrraall BBaannkk.. FFiigguurreess ffoorr 22002200 aanndd 22002211 aarree ffoorreeccaassttss mmaaddee bbyy CCoommmmiissssiioonn ssttaaffff uussiinngg tthhee ddeeffiinniittiioonnss aanndd llaatteesstt ffiigguurreess aavvaaiillaabbllee ffrroomm nnaattiioonnaall ssoouurrcceess.. TThheessee sseerriieess aarree nnoott ffuullllyy ccoommppaarraabbllee wwiitthh tthhee ccoorrrreessppoonnddiinngg ffiigguurreess ffoorr eeaarrlliieerr yyeeaarrss;; hhoowweevveerr,, tthhee ddiissccoonnttiinnuuiittiieess ooff tthhee lleevveellss ooff tthheessee sseerriieess hhaavvee bbeeeenn eelliimmiinnaatteedd.. TThhee ffoorreeccaassttss aarree bbaasseedd oonn ddaattaa aavvaaiillaabbllee uupp ttoo 2233 AApprriill 22002200..

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Symbols and abbreviations

- nil : not available HU Hungary% percent or percentage MT MaltaMio million NL NetherlandsMrd 1000 million AT AustriaEUR euro PL PolandECU European currency unit PT PortugalPPS purchasing power standard RO RomaniaGDP gross domestic product, at market prices SI SloveniaESA European system of accounts SK SlovakiaSNA System of national accounts FI FinlandULC Unit labour costs SE Sweden

D-W Germany prior to unification in 1990 AL AlbaniaEU-27 European Union ME MontenegroEA-19 euro area MK North MacedoniaEU-15 former EU-15 RS SerbiaEA-12 former euro area TR Turkey

BE Belgium UK United KingdomBG Bulgaria JP JapanCZ Czechia US United StatesDK DenmarkDE GermanyEE EstoniaIE IrelandEL GreeceES SpainFR FranceHR Croatia IT ItalyCY CyprusLV LatviaLT LithuaniaLU Luxembourg

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Population and labour market

1. Total population (National accounts)

(1000)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3)

1960 9153 55433 1221 2835 8332 30263 46640 50200 573 2121 2779 332 333 11487 7047 8858 1585 4068 4430 247689 235010

1965 9464 58619 1305 2877 8550 31962 49830 52112 591 2266 2971 350 323 12295 7271 8999 1649 4371 4564 260368 246892

1970 9656 60651 1371 2951 8793 33761 51944 53822 614 2359 3140 358 327 13032 7467 8680 1725 4538 4606 269795 255720

1975 9801 61829 1441 3178 9047 35758 53932 55441 502 2456 3302 365 309 13660 7579 9093 1794 4739 4711 278936 264394

1980 9859 61566 1489 3402 9643 37491 55157 56434 509 2512 3413 364 321 14148 7549 9766 1901 4980 4780 285284 270159

1985 9857 61024 1541 3541 9934 38470 56663 56593 542 2579 3545 367 341 14488 7565 10024 1942 5162 4902 289078 273427

1990 9968 63253 1582 3506 10197 38867 58256 56719 580 2663 3698 382 360 14947 7678 9983 1998 5299 4986 294923 278743

1991 64074 296573 280382

1991 10006 79973 1574 3526 10320 38966 58548 56759 595 2651 3704 387 364 15068 7755 9960 1999 5303 5014 312472 2962811992 10047 80500 1545 3549 10399 39158 58839 56797 611 2614 3700 392 367 15182 7841 9952 1996 5305 5042 313839 2976991993 10086 80946 1506 3563 10460 39361 59095 56832 626 2563 3683 398 371 15290 7906 9965 1992 5325 5066 315035 2989691994 10116 81147 1474 3571 10513 39549 59315 56843 639 2521 3657 404 375 15381 7936 9992 1989 5347 5088 315857 2998551995 10137 81308 1448 3601 10562 39719 59530 56844 651 2485 3629 410 378 15459 7948 10026 1989 5363 5108 316595 3006521996 10157 81466 1425 3626 10609 39884 59742 56860 661 2457 3602 414 380 15530 7959 10064 1990 5374 5125 317325 3014361997 10181 81510 1406 3664 10661 40050 59955 56890 671 2433 3575 420 383 15611 7968 10109 1986 5383 5140 317997 3021601998 10203 81446 1393 3714 10721 40214 60176 56907 679 2410 3549 425 385 15707 7977 10160 1982 5391 5154 318593 3028031999 10226 81422 1379 3755 10762 40370 60487 56916 687 2391 3524 431 387 15812 7992 10218 1984 5396 5166 319304 3035562000 10251 81457 1401 3804 10806 40554 60903 56942 694 2368 3500 437 390 15926 8012 10290 1989 5401 5176 320301 304558

2001 10287 81517 1393 3864 10862 40766 61348 56980 702 2338 3471 442 393 16046 8042 10363 1992 5380 5188 321372 3057052002 10333 81578 1384 3932 10902 41424 61796 57100 710 2310 3443 447 396 16149 8082 10420 1995 5379 5201 322978 3073622003 10376 81549 1375 3997 10928 42196 62235 57413 718 2288 3415 452 399 16225 8118 10459 1996 5379 5213 324732 3091612004 10421 81456 1366 4067 10955 42859 62695 57845 728 2263 3377 459 401 16282 8169 10484 1997 5382 5228 326436 3109212005 10479 81337 1359 4160 10987 43663 63168 58191 739 2239 3323 466 404 16320 8225 10503 2001 5387 5246 328195 3127452006 10548 81173 1351 4270 11020 44361 63609 58428 751 2219 3270 473 405 16346 8268 10522 2008 5391 5266 329679 3142852007 10626 80992 1343 4400 11049 45236 64003 58787 767 2201 3231 481 407 16382 8295 10543 2019 5397 5289 331447 3160832008 10710 80764 1338 4496 11078 45983 64361 59242 787 2178 3198 489 409 16446 8322 10558 2022 5406 5313 333101 3177622009 10796 80483 1336 4539 11107 46368 64692 59578 808 2142 3163 498 412 16530 8341 10568 2042 5418 5339 334160 3188402010 10896 80284 1333 4560 11121 46562 65011 59830 829 2097 3097 508 414 16615 8361 10573 2049 5430 5363 334935 319684

2011 11038 80275 1330 4579 11105 46736 65330 60060 851 2059 3028 519 416 16693 8389 10558 2053 5398 5388 335804 3206702012 11107 80426 1325 4597 11045 46766 65651 60339 864 2034 2988 532 420 16755 8426 10515 2057 5406 5414 336667 3215742013 11159 80646 1320 4620 10965 46593 65991 60646 862 2013 2958 545 426 16804 8477 10457 2060 5413 5439 337395 3223442014 11209 80983 1316 4652 10892 46455 66312 60789 853 1994 2932 558 435 16865 8544 10401 2062 5419 5463 338134 3231242015 11274 81687 1313 4696 10821 46410 66581 60731 848 1977 2905 569 445 16940 8630 10358 2063 5422 5481 339151 3241772016 11331 82349 1316 4749 10776 46450 66828 60628 852 1959 2868 584 456 17030 8740 10326 2065 5431 5495 340231 3252852017 11375 82657 1316 4802 10755 46533 67063 60537 860 1941 2828 597 469 17131 8795 10300 2066 5438 5508 340970 3260532018 11427 82906 1319 4861 10733 46729 67274 60459 870 1926 2802 609 485 17232 8838 10284 2072 5446 5516 341787 3268672019 11484 83105 1325 4927 10712 47100 67076 60375 880 1913 2793 622 501 17345 8876 10276 2089 5453 5522 342374 3274192020 11542 83270 1328 4955 10652 47148 67253 60351 890 1910 2790 632 516 17478 8918 10274 2095 5460 5530 342993 328003

2021 11600 83416 1331 4992 10592 47383 67437 60322 901 1896 2778 645 532 17613 8960 10274 2099 5467 5537 343775 328771

1) 1960-91 D_W 2) ; 1960-91 including D_W 3) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

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1. Total population (National accounts)

(1000)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR UK JP US 1) 2)

1960 7867 9605 4562 4140 9984 29575 18474 7485 339381 299425 1609 : 1392 : 27506 52368 93674 180760

1965 8204 9783 4741 4281 10148 31379 19101 7734 355738 313711 1865 : 1500 : 31149 54345 98447 194347

1970 8490 9861 4938 4412 10338 32596 20247 8043 368720 324328 2135 : 1629 : 35321 55627 104926 205089

1975 8721 10062 5060 4512 10541 33944 21290 8192 381258 333878 2405 : 1756 : 40026 56232 112423 215981

1980 8862 10308 5124 4600 10711 35500 22204 8310 390902 339913 2672 : 1891 : 44439 56320 117827 227726

1985 8961 10341 5113 4701 10649 37124 22730 8350 397046 343446 2965 : 2017 : 50307 56556 121894 238506

1990 8718 10337 5140 4777 10374 38031 23198 8559 404057 349695 3273 : 1882 : 55120 57253 124516 250181

1991 405457 351584

1991 8632 10312 5154 4689 10373 38109 22998 8617 421356 367483 3225 : 1900 : 56055 57431 124940 2535301992 8540 10323 5171 4576 10369 38173 22791 8668 422449 369124 3179 : 1985 : 56986 57586 125341 2569221993 8472 10333 5189 4600 10358 38221 22760 8719 423687 370601 3194 : 1999 : 57913 57725 125718 2602821994 8444 10337 5206 4652 10343 38252 22727 8781 424599 371713 3235 : 1947 : 58837 57872 126063 2634551995 8406 10331 5230 4620 10329 38275 22681 8827 425294 372734 3266 : 1964 : 59756 58025 126375 2665881996 8363 10315 5262 4557 10311 38289 22608 8841 425871 373703 3304 : 1982 : 60671 58164 126654 2697141997 8312 10304 5285 4535 10290 38292 22546 8846 426407 374605 3339 : 1997 : 61582 58314 126903 2729581998 8257 10295 5303 4532 10267 38284 22503 8851 426884 375432 3364 : 2008 : 62464 58475 127127 2761541999 8211 10283 5321 4513 10238 38270 22458 8858 427454 376419 3216 : 2017 7540 63364 58684 127336 2793282000 8170 10273 5338 4298 10211 38256 22435 8872 428153 377654 3061 605 2026 7516 64252 58886 127534 282398

2001 7913 10224 5357 4305 10188 38251 22408 8896 428915 379071 3060 607 2035 7503 65133 59113 127724 2852252002 7869 10201 5376 4305 10159 38232 21676 8925 429721 381029 3051 609 2031 7500 66008 59366 127903 2879552003 7824 10202 5390 4306 10130 38195 21574 8958 431310 383146 3040 611 2027 7481 66873 59637 128068 2906262004 7781 10207 5403 4308 10107 38180 21452 8994 432868 385267 3027 613 2033 7463 67723 59950 128214 2932622005 7740 10234 5419 4312 10087 38161 21320 9030 434497 387607 3011 613 2037 7441 68566 60413 128336 2959932006 7699 10267 5437 4313 10071 38132 21194 9081 435872 389629 2993 614 2040 7412 69395 60827 128433 2988182007 7660 10323 5460 4313 10056 38116 20883 9148 437405 392010 2970 615 2044 7382 70215 61319 128505 3016962008 7623 10430 5493 4311 10038 38116 20538 9220 438869 394299 2947 616 2047 7350 71052 61824 128551 3045432009 7585 10491 5523 4306 10023 38483 20367 9299 440238 395922 2928 618 2051 7321 72039 62261 128567 3072402010 7534 10517 5547 4296 10000 38517 20247 9378 440972 397369 2913 619 2055 7291 73142 62760 128552 309774

2011 7348 10497 5570 4283 9972 38526 20148 9449 441597 398974 2905 620 2059 7237 74224 63285 128505 3120102012 7306 10509 5591 4269 9920 38534 20060 9519 442376 400389 2900 621 2061 7202 75176 63705 128426 3142122013 7265 10511 5613 4254 9893 38502 19989 9600 443023 401663 2895 621 2064 7167 76148 64106 128313 3163572014 7224 10525 5643 4236 9866 38484 19916 9696 443725 403060 2889 622 2067 7132 77182 64597 128163 3186312015 7178 10543 5682 4208 9843 38455 19822 9799 444682 404768 2881 622 2070 7095 78218 65110 127975 3209182016 7128 10565 5729 4172 9814 38427 19706 9923 445696 406585 2876 622 2072 7058 79278 65648 127749 3231862017 7076 10590 5767 4130 9788 38422 19592 10058 446392 407918 2873 622 2075 7021 80313 66040 127484 3252202018 7025 10626 5794 4091 9776 38413 19472 10175 447159 409272 2866 622 2076 6983 81407 66436 127223 3269492019 6991 10669 5819 4070 9771 38390 19414 10279 447778 410350 2862 622 2079 6964 82502 66833 126968 3285272020 6939 10707 5843 4054 9752 38360 19293 10373 448314 411387 2857 624 2081 6931 83609 67167 126587 330910

2021 6888 10733 5866 4046 9732 38330 19168 10456 448995 412664 2852 632 2083 6912 84731 67570 126208 333309

1) 1960-91 including D_W 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

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2. Employment, persons; all domestic industries (National accounts)

(Annual percentage change)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2)

1961-1970 0.5 0.2 : 0.0 -0.8 0.6 0.6 -0.5 : : : 0.6 : 1.9 -0.4 0.2 : : 0.4 : 0.2

1971-1980 0.2 0.3 : 0.9 0.7 -0.6 0.6 0.7 : : : 1.2 : 0.9 0.7 0.1 : : 0.3 : 0.4

1981-1990 0.2 1.0 : -0.2 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.6 : : : 1.7 : 1.2 0.2 0.2 : : 0.4 : 0.7

1991 0.3 2.8 -2.8 -0.3 -1.8 1.2 0.2 1.9 : -0.8 2.4 4.0 1.9 1.9 1.2 2.8 : : -5.5 : 1.41992 -0.1 -1.3 -6.0 0.3 1.4 -1.4 -0.6 -0.7 : -7.3 -2.2 2.8 1.3 1.4 0.4 -1.6 : : -6.7 : -0.91993 -0.6 -1.3 -7.9 1.5 0.8 -2.8 -1.0 -2.7 : -6.9 -4.2 1.8 0.9 0.4 -0.5 -2.0 : : -5.7 : -1.51994 -0.4 0.0 -3.3 3.1 1.9 -0.5 0.5 -1.6 : -10.1 -5.8 2.7 0.5 0.7 0.0 -1.0 : : -1.6 : -0.21995 1.6 0.4 -6.2 4.1 0.9 1.9 1.0 -0.2 : -10.4 -1.9 2.6 3.2 2.3 -0.4 -0.7 : : 2.0 : 0.71996 0.3 0.0 -2.4 3.7 -0.6 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 2.6 1.6 2.1 0.4 1.7 -2.0 2.1 1.7 0.6 0.61997 0.7 0.0 0.0 3.9 -0.4 3.7 0.8 0.3 0.6 4.5 0.6 3.4 0.3 3.1 0.7 2.6 -1.8 -1.0 3.4 1.0 1.01998 1.8 1.2 -1.9 6.6 4.4 4.4 1.7 1.0 1.6 -0.4 -0.8 4.4 -0.2 2.4 1.0 2.8 -0.1 -0.5 2.0 1.8 2.01999 1.4 1.6 -4.5 6.5 0.0 4.6 2.4 1.1 1.8 -1.8 -2.2 4.8 0.7 2.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 -2.5 2.1 1.9 2.12000 2.0 2.2 0.9 4.5 0.3 5.0 2.5 2.0 1.7 -3.4 -4.3 5.3 -1.2 1.8 0.9 2.2 1.6 -2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5

1991-2000 0.7 0.6 -3.4 3.4 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.2 : -3.7 -1.8 3.4 0.9 1.9 0.5 0.8 : : -0.7 : 0.8

2001 1.4 -0.3 0.6 3.1 0.4 3.2 1.4 2.0 2.2 1.6 -3.8 5.7 1.8 2.0 0.7 1.7 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.32002 0.2 -0.5 0.0 1.6 2.4 2.5 0.5 1.7 2.1 1.5 3.6 2.9 0.3 0.7 -0.1 0.4 1.6 0.1 1.2 0.8 0.72003 -0.1 -1.1 2.1 1.9 1.4 3.2 0.0 1.5 3.6 0.6 2.2 1.8 -0.4 -0.6 0.7 -1.0 -0.3 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.42004 1.0 0.3 -0.4 3.4 2.4 3.7 0.1 0.6 4.0 0.2 -1.1 2.4 0.4 -1.1 0.6 -0.7 0.3 -0.2 0.5 0.8 0.82005 1.4 -0.1 2.3 4.9 0.9 4.2 0.7 0.6 3.6 0.9 0.8 2.8 1.3 0.7 1.2 -0.5 -0.5 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.02006 1.1 0.7 4.9 4.6 1.8 4.1 1.1 2.0 1.9 5.8 -0.3 3.8 1.5 2.2 1.8 0.4 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.72007 1.7 1.7 0.2 4.4 1.3 3.2 1.4 1.2 4.4 3.8 2.0 4.4 2.2 2.9 1.8 0.0 3.4 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.92008 1.8 1.4 -0.2 -0.6 1.3 0.1 0.5 0.2 3.5 -0.8 -1.3 4.8 2.5 1.6 1.9 0.4 2.5 3.2 2.2 0.9 0.82009 -0.2 0.2 -10.2 -7.8 -0.6 -6.3 -1.1 -1.6 0.0 -14.3 -7.7 1.0 0.0 -0.9 -0.5 -2.7 -1.6 -2.0 -2.5 -1.9 -1.72010 0.6 0.4 -4.9 -4.1 -2.6 -1.7 0.1 -0.6 0.6 -6.7 -5.2 1.8 1.7 -0.7 0.8 -1.4 -2.1 -1.5 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4

2001-2010 0.9 0.3 -0.7 1.0 0.9 1.6 0.5 0.7 2.6 -0.9 -1.1 3.1 1.1 0.7 0.9 -0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6

2011 1.3 1.2 6.5 -2.2 -6.9 -2.5 0.8 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.6 2.9 2.9 0.9 1.6 -1.9 -1.7 1.8 1.6 0.1 0.02012 0.4 1.1 1.6 -0.5 -6.3 -4.0 0.3 -0.3 -3.5 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.8 -0.2 1.0 -4.1 -0.9 0.1 0.9 -0.4 -0.52013 -0.3 0.8 1.2 2.9 -2.6 -2.4 0.2 -1.8 -5.6 2.3 1.4 1.8 3.8 -1.2 0.3 -2.9 -1.1 -0.8 -0.8 -0.5 -0.62014 0.4 0.9 0.8 2.7 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.1 -2.0 -1.4 2.0 2.6 5.4 -0.1 1.0 1.4 0.4 1.4 -0.4 0.7 0.62015 0.9 0.9 2.9 3.6 0.7 2.8 0.2 0.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 2.6 4.1 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.3 2.0 -0.1 1.0 1.02016 1.3 1.2 0.3 3.7 0.5 2.1 0.6 1.4 4.7 -0.3 2.3 3.0 4.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.4 0.5 1.3 1.32017 1.6 1.4 2.7 3.0 1.5 2.7 1.0 1.2 5.3 0.0 -0.7 3.4 8.1 2.2 1.7 3.3 3.0 2.2 1.0 1.6 1.62018 1.4 1.4 1.2 3.2 1.7 2.2 1.0 0.8 4.1 1.6 1.4 3.7 6.0 2.5 1.7 2.3 3.2 2.0 2.5 1.5 1.52019 1.5 0.9 1.3 2.9 2.0 2.1 1.2 0.6 3.1 -0.1 0.5 3.6 5.6 1.8 1.2 0.8 2.4 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.22020 -1.0 -0.9 -5.7 -2.5 -3.7 -5.6 -1.2 -1.9 -2.5 -2.6 -3.5 0.9 -1.8 -2.4 -1.4 -3.4 -2.7 -3.4 -2.5 -2.1 -2.1

2011-2020 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.7 -1.3 -0.2 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.7 2.7 4.1 0.6 0.9 -0.2 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.4

2021 1.2 0.6 3.7 1.3 3.8 2.9 1.0 1.5 2.3 0.9 2.0 3.1 2.8 1.4 1.4 2.7 2.0 2.0 1.1 1.4 1.4

1) 1961-91 D_W 2) Former Euro area 12; 1961-91 including D_W

13


2. Employment, persons; all domestic industries (National accounts)


BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR UK JP 1)

1961-1970 : : 1.2 : : : : 0.7 : 0.3 : : : : 1.0 0.3 1.4 1.8

1971-1980 : : 0.4 : : : : 0.8 : 0.4 : : : : 1.9 0.2 0.8 2.1

1981-1990 : : 0.5 : : : : 0.7 : 0.7 : : : : 1.6 0.7 0.9 1.8

1991 : : -1.0 : : : -0.5 -1.5 : 0.5 : : : : 4.0 -3.0 2.0 -0.91992 : : -0.8 : : : -3.0 -4.5 : -1.1 : : : : 0.9 -1.9 1.1 0.51993 : : -1.6 : : -1.9 -3.8 -4.7 : -1.5 : : : : -4.9 -0.8 0.4 1.31994 : 1.1 2.0 : : -1.6 -0.5 -1.0 : 0.0 : : : : 8.1 0.8 0.1 2.21995 : 0.7 0.6 : : 0.9 -5.2 1.6 : 0.8 : : : : 2.9 1.2 0.3 1.41996 2.7 0.5 1.0 0.0 -0.2 1.2 -3.3 -0.8 0.4 0.7 -1.9 : : : 3.0 0.9 0.1 1.31997 -3.1 -0.7 1.4 0.1 1.0 1.4 0.8 -1.3 0.8 1.1 -0.8 : : : 0.1 1.8 0.7 2.21998 -1.0 -1.7 1.4 -0.2 0.9 1.2 -3.0 1.7 1.3 1.8 -2.0 : 3.4 : 2.7 1.0 -1.1 1.41999 -4.3 -2.2 0.8 0.0 2.0 -3.9 -1.2 2.1 1.0 2.0 -1.8 : -0.6 : 1.2 1.4 -1.3 1.82000 -2.4 -0.8 0.7 -0.1 0.6 -1.6 -0.8 2.5 1.5 2.2 0.3 : 0.3 : -2.1 1.2 -0.7 2.0

1991-2000 : : 0.5 : : : -2.1 -0.6 : 0.6 : : : : 1.5 0.2 0.2 1.3

2001 -0.8 -0.3 1.0 -0.6 0.2 -2.2 -1.1 2.1 0.7 1.2 -13.9 : -2.2 0.4 -0.3 0.8 -0.4 -0.22002 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.9 -0.2 -3.0 -10.2 0.0 -0.2 0.7 0.0 : 3.2 -3.4 -0.8 0.8 -1.2 -0.82003 3.0 -0.8 -0.9 2.5 1.9 -1.2 0.0 -0.6 0.3 0.4 0.7 : 0.1 -2.7 -1.0 1.0 0.1 0.02004 2.6 -0.2 -0.5 0.8 -1.1 1.1 -4.0 -0.7 0.5 0.8 0.5 : -6.6 0.4 -7.2 1.1 0.6 1.12005 2.7 1.9 1.4 1.0 -0.7 2.2 -0.3 0.1 1.0 1.0 0.1 : 4.9 -6.7 2.2 1.1 0.8 1.32006 3.3 1.3 2.3 3.2 0.8 3.2 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.6 0.3 -0.5 4.6 -3.8 1.8 1.0 0.7 1.72007 3.2 2.1 2.3 3.2 -0.7 4.5 1.4 2.3 2.1 1.7 28.1 19.3 3.0 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.92008 2.4 2.2 1.2 2.1 -1.7 3.8 -1.4 0.7 1.0 0.8 -6.3 3.1 7.9 6.3 2.1 0.8 -0.2 -0.62009 -1.7 -1.8 -3.1 -0.7 -1.9 0.4 -3.7 -2.1 -1.8 -1.7 3.3 -2.7 4.4 -7.3 0.4 -1.6 -1.2 -4.32010 -3.9 -1.0 -2.3 -3.8 -0.7 -2.7 -3.2 0.6 -0.9 -0.3 0.6 -1.6 -3.6 -8.4 6.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.7

2001-2010 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.8 -0.4 0.6 -2.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 : 1.5 -2.5 0.5 0.6 0.0 -0.2

2011 -2.2 -0.3 0.0 -3.9 0.0 0.6 -2.3 2.3 0.0 0.2 -0.7 -6.4 1.4 -6.0 6.7 0.5 -0.1 0.92012 -2.5 0.4 -0.7 -3.6 0.9 0.1 1.4 0.7 -0.3 -0.2 -10.6 2.6 1.2 -1.1 3.0 1.1 -0.4 1.92013 -0.4 0.3 0.0 -2.6 1.3 -0.1 -0.9 1.0 -0.4 -0.2 -4.3 0.4 5.6 3.7 2.8 1.2 0.6 1.52014 0.4 0.6 0.9 2.7 4.6 1.7 0.8 1.4 0.9 1.0 : 7.1 2.4 10.8 1.6 2.4 0.6 1.82015 0.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 2.2 1.5 -1.3 1.5 1.0 1.1 : 2.5 1.9 0.6 2.7 1.7 0.4 2.02016 0.5 1.6 1.7 0.3 3.7 0.8 -1.1 1.9 1.2 1.3 : 1.1 1.6 5.6 2.2 1.5 1.0 1.52017 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.9 1.3 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.5 : 2.3 3.0 2.8 3.6 1.0 1.0 1.22018 -0.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.4 0.5 0.2 1.6 1.4 1.4 : 2.2 0.4 1.4 1.9 1.2 1.7 1.72019 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.7 -0.2 -0.1 0.6 1.0 1.2 : 2.1 5.0 2.4 -2.2 1.1 0.5 1.12020 -2.5 -3.1 -1.6 -3.9 -3.8 -4.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.4 -2.2 : -1.4 -1.7 -3.2 -4.3 -2.7 -5.0 -6.3

2011-2020 -0.4 0.4 0.6 -0.5 1.5 0.2 -0.3 1.1 0.4 0.5 : 1.2 2.0 1.6 1.8 0.9 0.0 0.7

2021 0.5 0.8 1.4 3.0 1.1 2.2 0.6 1.1 1.4 1.4 : 2.6 1.1 2.7 2.5 1.5 -1.0 2.0

1) Former EU-15; 1961-91 including D_W

14


3. Unemployment rate; totalMember States: definition EUROSTAT

(Percentage of active population)


1960-1970 1.9 0.6 : 5.4 5.0 2.4 1.7 4.8 : : : 0.0 : 0.9 1.5 2.5 : : 1.8 : 2.3

1971-1980 4.6 2.2 : 7.7 2.2 5.4 3.4 6.1 : : : 0.7 : 4.4 1.3 5.2 : : 3.8 : 4.0

1981-1990 9.5 6.0 : 14.7 6.4 16.7 7.9 8.6 : : : 2.5 : 8.3 3.3 8.0 : : 4.6 : 8.5

1991 4.2 7.7

1991 6.4 5.6 : 14.7 7.1 15.5 8.1 8.5 : 0.2 6.3 1.6 4.6 5.7 3.6 5.0 : : 6.6 : 7.91992 7.1 6.6 : 15.4 7.9 17.0 9.0 8.8 : 2.5 7.5 2.1 5.0 5.7 3.6 5.0 : : 11.7 : 8.51993 8.5 7.9 : 15.5 8.8 22.6 10.1 10.1 : 6.1 11.0 2.6 5.5 6.5 4.0 5.7 : : 16.3 : 10.21994 9.5 8.6 : 14.2 9.1 24.1 10.4 10.9 : 12.3 10.5 3.1 5.4 7.2 4.3 7.0 : : 16.6 : 10.91995 9.5 8.4 10.3 12.1 9.4 22.9 10.2 11.4 : 14.0 13.2 2.9 4.6 7.1 4.2 7.4 : 12.8 15.4 : 10.71996 9.5 9.1 10.7 11.6 9.8 22.1 10.5 11.7 : 14.9 14.2 2.9 5.2 6.4 4.6 7.4 6.9 11.7 13.9 : 10.91997 9.3 9.9 10.2 9.9 10.2 20.6 10.7 11.7 5.0 14.4 13.1 2.5 6.3 5.5 4.6 6.9 6.9 12.2 13.1 11.5 10.81998 9.3 9.6 10.0 7.8 11.2 18.6 10.3 11.9 5.0 14.0 13.4 2.6 6.4 4.4 4.4 5.1 7.4 12.6 11.4 11.0 10.31999 8.6 8.7 12.4 5.9 12.1 15.7 10.0 11.4 5.2 14.0 14.4 2.4 6.4 3.6 3.7 4.6 7.4 16.4 10.2 10.2 9.52000 7.0 7.9 14.6 4.5 11.4 13.9 8.6 10.6 4.9 14.3 16.4 2.4 6.6 2.9 3.5 4.1 6.8 18.8 9.8 9.2 8.5

1991-2000 8.5 8.2 : 11.2 9.7 19.3 9.8 10.7 : 10.7 12.0 2.5 5.6 5.5 4.1 5.8 : : 12.5 : 9.8

2001 6.6 8.0 13.0 4.2 10.8 10.6 7.8 9.6 3.9 13.7 17.3 2.3 6.9 2.3 3.6 4.1 6.2 19.3 9.1 8.4 7.92002 7.5 8.8 11.2 4.7 10.4 11.5 7.9 9.0 3.6 12.5 13.7 2.9 6.9 2.8 4.0 5.1 6.3 18.7 9.1 8.6 8.32003 8.2 9.9 10.3 4.8 9.8 11.5 8.5 8.7 4.3 11.6 12.5 3.7 7.6 3.7 4.3 6.4 6.7 17.6 9.0 9.0 8.92004 8.4 10.9 10.1 4.7 10.6 11.0 8.9 8.0 4.7 11.7 10.9 5.1 7.2 4.6 5.5 6.7 6.3 18.2 8.8 9.2 9.12005 8.5 11.2 8.0 4.6 10.0 9.2 8.9 7.7 5.3 10.0 8.3 4.5 6.9 5.9 5.6 7.7 6.5 16.3 8.4 9.0 9.02006 8.3 10.3 5.9 4.8 9.0 8.5 8.8 6.8 4.6 7.0 5.8 4.7 6.8 5.0 5.3 7.8 6.0 13.4 7.7 8.3 8.42007 7.5 8.7 4.6 5.0 8.4 8.2 8.0 6.1 3.9 6.1 4.3 4.1 6.5 4.2 4.9 8.1 4.9 11.1 6.9 7.5 7.52008 7.0 7.5 5.5 6.8 7.8 11.3 7.4 6.7 3.7 7.7 5.8 5.1 6.0 3.7 4.1 7.7 4.4 9.5 6.4 7.5 7.62009 7.9 7.8 13.5 12.6 9.6 17.9 9.1 7.8 5.4 17.5 13.8 5.1 6.9 4.4 5.3 9.6 5.9 12.0 8.2 9.6 9.52010 8.3 7.0 16.7 14.6 12.7 19.9 9.3 8.4 6.3 19.5 17.8 4.4 6.9 5.0 4.8 11.0 7.3 14.4 8.4 10.1 10.0

2001-2010 7.8 9.0 9.9 6.7 9.9 12.0 8.5 7.9 4.6 11.7 11.0 4.2 6.9 4.2 4.7 7.4 6.1 15.1 8.2 8.7 8.6

2011 7.2 5.8 12.3 15.4 17.9 21.4 9.2 8.4 7.9 16.2 15.4 4.9 6.4 5.0 4.6 12.9 8.2 13.6 7.8 10.2 10.12012 7.6 5.4 10.0 15.5 24.5 24.8 9.8 10.7 11.9 15.0 13.4 5.1 6.2 5.8 4.9 15.8 8.9 14.0 7.7 11.3 11.32013 8.4 5.2 8.6 13.8 27.5 26.1 10.3 12.2 15.9 11.9 11.8 5.9 6.1 7.3 5.4 16.4 10.1 14.2 8.2 12.0 12.02014 8.5 5.0 7.4 11.9 26.5 24.5 10.3 12.7 16.1 10.8 10.7 5.9 5.7 7.4 5.6 14.1 9.7 13.2 8.7 11.6 11.62015 8.5 4.6 6.2 10.0 24.9 22.1 10.4 11.9 15.0 9.9 9.1 6.7 5.4 6.9 5.7 12.6 9.0 11.5 9.4 10.8 10.92016 7.8 4.1 6.8 8.4 23.6 19.6 10.0 11.7 13.0 9.6 7.9 6.3 4.7 6.0 6.0 11.2 8.0 9.7 8.8 10.0 10.02017 7.1 3.8 5.8 6.7 21.5 17.2 9.4 11.2 11.1 8.7 7.1 5.5 4.0 4.9 5.5 9.0 6.6 8.1 8.6 9.0 9.22018 6.0 3.4 5.4 5.8 19.3 15.3 9.0 10.6 8.4 7.4 6.2 5.6 3.7 3.8 4.9 7.1 5.1 6.5 7.4 8.1 8.32019 5.4 3.2 4.4 5.0 17.3 14.1 8.5 10.0 7.1 6.3 6.3 5.6 3.4 3.4 4.5 6.5 4.5 5.8 6.7 7.5 7.72020 7.0 4.0 9.2 7.4 19.9 18.9 10.1 11.8 8.6 8.6 9.7 6.4 5.9 5.9 5.8 9.7 7.0 8.8 8.3 9.6 9.7

2011-2020 7.4 4.5 7.6 10.0 22.3 20.4 9.7 11.1 11.5 10.4 9.8 5.8 5.2 5.6 5.3 11.5 7.7 10.5 8.2 10.0 10.1

2021 6.6 3.5 6.5 7.0 16.8 17.0 9.7 10.7 7.5 8.3 7.9 6.1 4.4 5.3 4.9 7.4 5.1 7.1 7.7 8.6 8.8


15


3. Unemployment rate; totalMember States: definition EUROSTAT

(Percentage of active population)


1960-1970 : : 1.2 : : : : 1.9 : 2.1 : : : : 8.3 1.6 1.3 4.8

1971-1980 : : 3.6 : : : : 2.6 : 3.9 : : : : 6.7 3.8 1.8 6.4

1981-1990 : : 6.9 : : : : 3.3 : 8.5 : : : : 6.6 9.6 2.5 7.1

1991 7.8

1991 : 4.1 7.9 : : : 3.1 3.9 : 7.9 : : : : 7.0 8.6 2.1 6.81992 : 3.1 8.6 : : 13.3 8.3 6.5 : 8.4 : : : : 7.2 9.8 2.2 7.51993 : 4.4 10.3 : : 14.0 10.6 10.2 : 10.1 : : : : 7.6 10.4 2.5 6.91994 : 4.3 8.3 : : 14.4 11.1 10.6 : 10.5 : : : : 7.3 9.7 2.9 6.11995 10.5 4.1 7.3 : 9.9 13.2 9.7 10.0 : 10.2 : : : : 6.6 8.8 3.1 5.61996 10.0 3.9 6.8 : 9.9 12.1 7.0 10.7 : 10.3 : : 31.9 : 5.8 8.2 3.4 5.41997 12.4 4.8 5.7 : 9.1 10.9 6.1 11.0 : 10.6 : : 36.0 : 6.1 7.1 3.4 4.91998 11.4 6.5 5.4 : 8.5 10.3 6.4 9.3 : 10.0 : : 34.5 : 6.3 6.4 4.1 4.51999 12.8 8.8 5.6 : 7.0 13.2 7.1 7.9 : 9.2 : : 32.4 : 7.1 6.1 4.7 4.22000 16.9 8.8 4.6 15.6 6.4 16.2 7.3 6.7 9.7 8.2 : : 32.2 12.1 7.6 5.6 4.7 4.0

1991-2000 : 5.3 7.1 : : : 7.7 8.7 : 9.5 : : : : 6.9 8.1 3.3 5.6

2001 20.3 8.2 4.6 16.0 5.7 18.3 6.8 4.9 9.3 7.4 : : 30.5 12.2 7.4 5.0 5.0 4.72002 18.2 7.3 4.6 15.0 5.8 20.0 8.6 5.1 9.6 7.7 : : 31.9 13.3 8.3 5.1 5.4 5.82003 13.7 7.8 5.4 14.2 5.9 19.7 7.0 5.7 9.7 8.0 : : 36.7 14.6 7.7 5.0 5.3 6.02004 12.1 8.3 5.5 13.7 6.1 19.0 8.1 6.5 9.9 8.2 : : 37.1 18.5 8.0 4.7 4.7 5.52005 10.1 7.9 4.8 12.7 7.2 17.8 7.2 7.5 9.6 8.2 : 30.4 37.3 20.8 9.5 4.8 4.4 5.12006 9.0 7.2 3.9 11.3 7.5 13.9 7.3 7.1 8.6 7.7 : 29.6 36.0 20.9 8.8 5.4 4.1 4.62007 6.9 5.3 3.8 9.9 7.4 9.6 6.4 6.2 7.5 7.0 : 19.4 34.9 18.1 8.9 5.3 3.8 4.62008 5.6 4.4 3.7 8.6 7.8 7.1 5.8 6.2 7.2 7.1 : 17.2 33.8 13.6 9.8 5.6 4.0 5.82009 6.8 6.7 6.4 9.2 10.0 8.2 6.9 8.4 9.1 9.1 : 19.2 32.2 16.1 12.6 7.6 5.1 9.32010 10.3 7.3 7.7 11.7 11.2 9.7 7.0 8.6 9.8 9.5 : 19.7 32.0 19.2 10.7 7.8 5.0 9.6

2001-2010 11.3 7.0 5.0 12.2 7.5 14.3 7.1 6.6 9.0 8.0 : : 34.2 16.7 9.2 5.6 4.7 6.1

2011 11.3 6.7 7.8 13.7 11.0 9.7 7.2 7.8 9.9 9.6 : 19.7 31.4 23.0 8.8 8.1 4.6 8.92012 12.3 7.0 7.8 16.0 11.0 10.1 6.8 8.0 10.8 10.6 : 19.7 31.0 23.9 8.2 7.9 4.3 8.12013 13.0 7.0 7.4 17.3 10.2 10.3 7.1 8.1 11.4 11.0 : 19.5 29.0 22.1 8.8 7.5 4.0 7.42014 11.4 6.1 6.9 17.3 7.7 9.0 6.8 8.0 10.8 10.5 : 18.0 28.0 19.2 9.9 6.1 3.6 6.22015 9.2 5.1 6.3 16.2 6.8 7.5 6.8 7.4 10.0 9.8 : 17.6 26.2 17.7 10.3 5.3 3.4 5.32016 7.6 4.0 6.0 13.1 5.1 6.2 5.9 7.0 9.1 9.0 : 17.7 24.1 15.3 10.9 4.8 3.1 4.92017 6.2 2.9 5.8 11.2 4.2 4.9 4.9 6.7 8.1 8.2 : 16.1 24.3 13.5 10.9 4.3 2.8 4.42018 5.2 2.2 5.1 8.5 3.7 3.9 4.2 6.4 7.2 7.5 : 15.5 22.6 12.7 10.9 4.0 2.4 3.92019 4.2 2.0 5.0 6.6 3.4 3.3 3.9 6.8 6.7 7.0 : 15.4 19.2 10.3 13.7 3.8 2.3 3.72020 7.0 5.0 6.4 10.2 7.0 7.5 6.5 9.7 9.0 9.2 : 17.0 20.0 12.7 17.0 6.8 4.2 9.4

2011-2020 8.7 4.8 6.5 13.0 7.0 7.2 6.0 7.6 9.3 9.2 : 17.6 25.6 17.0 10.9 5.9 3.5 6.2

2021 5.8 4.2 5.7 7.4 6.1 5.3 5.4 9.3 7.9 8.3 : 16.2 19.5 10.0 17.0 6.0 4.5 7.7


16

Output

4. Gross domestic product at current market prices

(National currency)


Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EUR EUR

BEF DEM EEK IEP GRD ESP FRF ITL CYP LVL LTL LUF MTL NLG ATS PTE SIT SKK FIM

1960 15.0 162 : 0.9 0.4 5 47 13 0.18 : : 0.89 0.13 23.0 12.6 0.5 : : 2.8 : 225

1965 22.3 245 : 1.4 0.7 9 76 22 0.26 : : 1.19 0.14 37.3 19.0 0.8 : : 4.7 : 367

1970 33.8 361 : 2.3 1.2 17 126 36 0.43 : : 1.87 0.25 62.7 29.0 1.2 : : 8.0 : 602

1975 60.1 551 : 5.5 2.7 40 236 76 0.49 : : 2.95 0.44 115.0 50.7 2.6 : : 18.1 : 1162

1980 91.9 789 : 13.6 7.1 100 452 210 1.46 : : 4.52 1.04 176.1 77.2 8.3 : : 33.7 : 2039

1985 127.0 984 : 25.9 19.4 185 758 444 2.84 : : 6.97 1.26 216.8 104.3 23.1 : : 58.2 : 3031

1990 170.1 1307 : 37.9 45.5 329 1054 729 4.90 0.11 0.04 10.96 1.95 263.0 137.5 56.4 0.88 9.5 91.0 : 4439

1991 1416 4739

1991 178.2 1586 : 39.3 56.2 360 1092 797 5.13 0.25 0.13 12.12 2.14 277.9 147.5 64.6 1.56 11.0 86.9 : 49011992 187.1 1702 : 41.8 65.0 388 1131 839 5.95 1.74 1.03 12.80 2.32 289.6 155.8 72.6 4.53 11.4 84.8 : 51651993 192.7 1751 1.51 45.1 73.2 402 1142 865 6.30 2.55 3.52 14.14 2.50 298.0 160.9 76.0 6.39 14.1 85.7 5259 52201994 203.1 1830 2.08 48.5 83.0 427 1180 915 7.02 3.55 5.13 15.20 2.73 313.1 169.0 82.4 8.25 17.0 90.7 5484 54381995 210.5 1895 2.86 54.8 93.1 461 1218 988 7.68 4.05 7.76 15.78 3.04 329.5 176.6 89.0 10.56 19.8 98.5 5743 56891996 214.3 1921 3.68 60.2 103.0 489 1252 1046 7.98 4.66 9.71 16.71 3.20 344.6 182.5 94.4 12.15 22.0 102.1 5988 59281997 224.1 1961 4.57 69.4 114.7 519 1293 1092 8.37 5.38 11.72 17.50 3.40 369.0 188.7 102.3 13.84 24.5 110.8 6132 60631998 232.6 2014 5.09 80.3 125.3 556 1352 1139 9.06 6.00 13.02 18.18 3.60 394.3 196.3 111.4 15.35 26.7 120.5 6382 63081999 242.3 2059 5.41 92.6 133.8 596 1401 1175 9.73 6.26 12.71 20.87 3.80 419.5 203.9 119.6 17.23 28.6 126.9 6674 65972000 256.4 2109 6.18 108.4 141.2 648 1479 1242 10.59 6.85 13.37 23.08 4.14 452.0 213.6 128.4 18.85 31.7 136.4 7025 6938

2001 264.3 2173 6.99 122.0 152.2 701 1538 1304 11.42 7.45 14.19 23.77 4.26 481.9 220.5 135.8 21.15 34.4 144.6 7354 72612002 273.3 2198 7.83 136.0 163.5 750 1588 1350 11.88 8.38 15.20 25.09 4.51 501.1 226.7 142.6 23.55 37.3 148.5 7604 75022003 281.2 2212 8.75 145.6 178.9 802 1631 1395 12.85 9.54 16.67 26.19 4.76 512.8 231.9 146.1 25.61 41.5 151.7 7823 77142004 296.8 2263 9.78 156.1 193.7 859 1704 1452 13.86 11.03 18.24 27.94 4.85 529.3 242.3 152.2 27.63 46.2 158.8 8156 80362005 310.0 2288 11.34 170.2 199.2 927 1766 1494 14.82 13.59 21.00 30.03 5.15 550.9 254.1 158.6 29.11 50.5 164.7 8448 83132006 325.2 2385 13.56 185.0 217.9 1004 1848 1553 16.00 17.09 24.08 33.81 5.39 584.5 267.8 166.3 31.47 56.4 172.9 8897 87432007 343.6 2500 16.40 197.2 232.7 1076 1941 1615 17.51 22.59 29.04 37.18 5.76 619.2 284.0 175.5 35.07 63.2 187.1 9391 92082008 351.7 2546 16.64 187.8 242.0 1110 1992 1638 19.01 24.39 32.70 38.13 6.13 647.2 293.8 179.1 37.93 68.6 194.3 9623 94202009 346.5 2446 14.21 170.1 237.5 1069 1936 1577 18.68 18.88 26.93 36.98 6.14 624.8 288.0 175.4 36.25 64.1 181.7 9275 90902010 363.1 2564 14.86 167.7 226.0 1073 1995 1611 19.41 17.97 27.96 40.18 6.60 639.2 295.9 179.6 36.36 68.1 188.1 9535 9344

2011 376.0 2694 16.83 170.8 207.0 1064 2058 1649 19.80 20.32 31.23 43.16 6.84 650.4 310.1 176.1 37.06 71.2 198.0 9799 95962012 386.2 2745 18.05 175.1 191.2 1031 2089 1624 19.44 21.93 33.33 44.11 7.16 653.0 318.7 168.3 36.25 73.5 201.0 9837 96272013 392.9 2811 19.03 179.7 180.7 1020 2117 1613 17.99 22.80 34.98 46.50 7.64 660.5 323.9 170.5 36.45 74.4 204.3 9934 97212014 403.0 2927 20.18 194.8 178.7 1032 2150 1627 17.41 23.65 36.54 49.82 8.51 671.6 333.1 173.1 37.63 76.3 206.9 10168 99482015 416.7 3030 20.78 262.8 177.3 1078 2198 1655 17.83 24.43 37.32 52.07 9.63 690.0 344.3 179.7 38.85 79.8 211.4 10524 102962016 430.4 3134 21.69 271.7 176.5 1114 2234 1696 18.87 25.07 38.89 54.87 10.34 708.3 357.3 186.5 40.37 81.0 217.5 10817 105812017 446.4 3245 23.78 297.1 180.2 1162 2295 1737 20.04 26.80 42.27 56.81 11.28 738.1 370.3 195.9 42.99 84.5 225.8 11201 109492018 459.8 3344 26.04 324.0 184.7 1202 2353 1766 21.14 29.06 45.26 60.05 12.37 774.0 385.7 204.3 45.75 89.7 233.6 11561 112922019 473.6 3436 28.04 347.2 187.5 1245 2419 1788 21.94 30.48 48.34 63.52 13.21 812.1 398.5 212.3 48.01 94.2 240.1 11907 116232020 446.1 3282 26.53 323.7 168.9 1131 2248 1632 20.42 28.77 45.37 60.32 12.67 764.5 381.0 200.4 45.61 89.8 228.8 11136 10867

2021 483.3 3531 28.63 347.5 183.3 1222 2437 1755 21.86 31.29 50.03 65.54 13.59 814.3 404.3 214.9 49.10 97.0 241.6 11992 11701

1) 1960-91 D_W 2) 1960-1998 ECU; ; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-1998 ECU; Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

17

Output


(National currency)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR UK JP US 1) 2) Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd BGN CZK DKK HRK HUF PLN RON SEK EUR EUR ALL EUR MKD RSD TRY GBP JPY USD

1960 : : 44 : : : : 81 : 315 : : : : 0 26 16621 542

1965 : : 75 : : : : 126 : 496 : : : : 0 37 34121 742

1970 : : 128 : 346 : : 192 : 786 : : : : 0 56 76145 1073

1975 : : 233 : 502 : : 337 : 1465 : : : : 0 115 153990 1685

1980 : : 401 : 750 0 0 587 : 2624 : : : : 0 260 249345 2857

1985 : : 664 : 1075 1 0 964 : 3966 : : : : 0 414 334121 4339

1990 0.10 674 856 0.3 2172 63 0 1522 : 5687 : : 0.5 : 1 669 454645 5963

1991 6076

1991 0.20 870 891 0.4 2597 90 0 1632 : 6238 : : 1.0 : 1 705 481999 61581992 0.30 976 923 2.5 3059 129 1 1635 : 6491 : : 12.4 : 2 731 493665 65201993 0.40 1201 928 37.0 3689 174 2 1644 5759 6509 : : 62.2 : 3 769 496672 68591994 0.80 1370 993 89.3 4538 252 5 1754 6028 6805 : : 154.0 : 5 809 501538 72871995 1.30 1586 1036 116.8 5836 345 8 1893 6338 7059 : : 178.3 60 11 850 512542 76401996 2.20 1818 1088 128.4 7122 431 11 1943 6637 7419 334 : 185.6 117 20 907 525807 80731997 19.00 1959 1146 146.4 8835 522 26 2034 6819 7827 331 : 195.7 152 40 952 534143 85781998 26.50 2146 1186 161.5 10443 606 37 2138 7111 8178 385 : 205.1 195 72 996 527877 90631999 25.00 2242 1242 165.9 11638 673 55 2250 7431 8598 444 : 219.8 226 107 1040 519652 96312000 28.10 2379 1327 179.8 13324 747 81 2394 7870 9198 501 1.076 248.6 434 171 1096 526706 10252

2001 31.0 2568 1372 193.8 15399 780 117 2490 8242 9546 563 1.308 252.4 867 245 1139 523005 105822002 34.1 2682 1410 211.1 17434 811 152 2584 8539 9868 610 1.373 258.6 1103 359 1191 515986 109362003 36.6 2810 1437 232.6 19134 846 192 2687 8768 10019 678 1.525 268.7 1295 468 1257 515401 114582004 41.2 3062 1506 251.0 21077 933 245 2812 9168 10491 738 1.686 280.8 1526 577 1320 520965 122142005 47.0 3265 1586 270.0 22549 990 287 2913 9561 10881 804 1.832 308.4 1847 674 1396 524133 130372006 53.6 3513 1682 294.4 24316 1070 343 3100 10113 11467 873 2.170 334.8 2181 789 1475 526880 138152007 63.5 3840 1739 322.8 25701 1188 426 3298 10739 12062 966 2.689 372.9 2523 880 1550 531688 144522008 72.8 4024 1801 346.7 27217 1286 540 3397 11085 12012 1081 3.103 414.9 2908 995 1590 520716 147132009 73.1 3930 1722 330.8 26458 1372 531 3330 10588 11372 1144 2.994 414.6 3052 999 1548 489501 144492010 74.4 3962 1811 328.8 27269 1445 528 3570 10978 11828 1240 3.125 437.3 3251 1160 1602 500354 14992

2011 80.7 4034 1847 333.2 28371 1567 559 3719 11323 12168 1301 3.265 464.2 3612 1394 1660 491409 155432012 82.2 4060 1895 330.5 28848 1629 594 3733 11390 12422 1333 3.181 466.7 3810 1570 1712 494957 161972013 81.9 4098 1930 331.2 30290 1657 635 3808 11517 12518 1350 3.362 501.9 4121 1810 1782 503176 167852014 83.9 4314 1981 331.3 32694 1720 669 3981 11782 12961 1395 3.458 527.6 4161 2044 1862 513876 175272015 89.3 4596 2036 339.7 34785 1800 713 4248 12213 13664 1434 3.655 559.0 4312 2339 1917 531320 182252016 95.1 4768 2108 351.2 35896 1861 765 4416 12550 13765 1472 3.954 594.8 4521 2609 1995 535537 187152017 102.3 5047 2175 366.4 38835 1989 858 4621 13047 14084 1551 4.299 618.1 4754 3111 2072 545897 195192018 109.7 5324 2246 383.0 42662 2120 952 4834 13485 14488 1636 4.663 658.1 5069 3724 2144 547126 205802019 118.7 5653 2321 400.1 46787 2274 1060 5026 13923 14931 1683 4.908 697.5 5411 4280 2215 553962 214282020 110.7 5378 2196 366.3 45315 2230 1020 4769 13013 13969 1643 4.685 671.3 5283 4555 2065 525782 19921

2021 120.2 5736 2350 397.3 49503 2379 1089 5038 13984 15017 1759 4.960 721.3 5778 5303 2222 540374 21218

1) 1960-1998 ECU; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-1998 ECU; Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

18

Output


(Mrd EUR 1))


1960 11.4 71 : 1.9 4.1 12 59 37 0.27 : : 0.68 0.14 12.6 6.3 3.3 : : 5.0 : 225

1965 16.8 112 : 2.9 7.2 24 95 64 0.40 : : 0.90 0.16 21.2 9.4 4.9 : : 8.1 : 367

1970 26.7 189 : 4.3 12.9 41 145 111 0.60 : : 1.48 0.25 37.3 15.0 8.1 : : 11.1 : 602

1975 53.2 353 : 7.7 22.9 95 291 183 0.63 : : 2.61 0.40 80.9 32.4 16.8 : : 23.7 : 1162

1980 91.4 611 : 15.8 40.8 167 505 341 1.84 : : 4.49 0.99 140.6 59.1 23.8 : : 38.7 : 2039

1985 114.0 865 : 28.5 62.5 238 731 594 3.07 : : 6.26 1.31 190.3 91.8 35.6 : : 73.8 : 3031

1990 161.7 1245 : 38.9 77.0 423 1000 928 4.93 : : 10.42 2.07 250.7 131.1 62.4 : : 111.4 : 4439

1991 1350 4739

1991 170.2 1512 : 40.3 85.1 467 1027 1006 5.23 : : 11.58 2.30 265.0 140.6 72.5 10.08 : 103.3 : 49011992 181.5 1648 : 43.3 89.7 487 1083 1018 5.96 1.37 1.67 12.42 2.41 280.6 150.8 83.4 10.32 : 86.8 : 51651993 192.1 1768 1.53 44.4 92.9 448 1129 909 6.32 2.26 2.39 14.09 2.40 301.9 162.5 80.9 11.55 11.8 76.1 5259 52201994 206.6 1859 2.12 48.2 98.2 447 1176 925 7.04 3.75 3.75 15.46 2.61 319.7 171.7 83.9 12.94 13.4 87.2 5484 54381995 220.3 1978 2.98 52.9 104.7 470 1225 898 7.60 4.12 5.12 16.51 2.83 346.0 184.4 91.0 16.34 15.3 102.6 5743 56891996 220.0 1968 3.77 59.8 114.9 506 1265 1034 7.89 4.69 6.60 17.16 3.00 354.9 187.0 96.6 16.95 17.1 104.1 5988 59281997 223.0 1953 4.55 73.1 126.4 521 1282 1096 8.41 5.73 8.92 17.41 3.33 367.9 187.9 103.3 18.32 19.3 112.0 6132 60631998 231.0 2001 5.06 80.5 129.1 553 1343 1135 9.15 6.38 10.03 18.06 3.55 391.5 195.0 110.7 19.78 20.3 119.7 6382 63081999 242.3 2059 5.41 92.6 139.9 596 1401 1175 9.84 7.03 10.29 20.87 3.84 419.5 203.9 119.6 21.23 19.5 126.9 6674 65972000 256.4 2109 6.18 108.4 143.0 648 1479 1242 10.80 8.61 12.49 23.08 4.39 452.0 213.6 128.4 21.87 22.4 136.4 7025 6938

2001 264.3 2173 6.99 122.0 152.2 701 1538 1304 11.60 9.34 13.68 23.77 4.54 481.9 220.5 135.8 23.25 23.9 144.6 7354 72612002 273.3 2198 7.83 136.0 163.5 750 1588 1350 12.08 10.14 15.17 25.09 4.74 501.1 226.7 142.6 24.97 26.3 148.5 7604 75022003 281.2 2212 8.75 145.6 178.9 802 1631 1395 12.87 10.46 16.67 26.19 4.79 512.8 231.9 146.1 26.25 30.1 151.7 7823 77142004 296.8 2263 9.78 156.1 193.7 859 1704 1452 13.94 11.66 18.24 27.94 4.87 529.3 242.3 152.2 27.69 34.8 158.8 8156 80362005 310.0 2288 11.34 170.2 199.2 927 1766 1494 15.04 13.72 21.00 30.03 5.14 550.9 254.1 158.6 29.12 39.4 164.7 8448 83132006 325.2 2385 13.56 185.0 217.9 1004 1848 1553 16.26 17.25 24.08 33.81 5.39 584.5 267.8 166.3 31.48 45.6 172.9 8897 87432007 343.6 2500 16.40 197.2 232.7 1076 1941 1615 17.59 22.68 29.04 37.18 5.76 619.2 284.0 175.5 35.07 56.3 187.1 9391 92082008 351.7 2546 16.64 187.8 242.0 1110 1992 1638 19.01 24.40 32.70 38.13 6.13 647.2 293.8 179.1 37.93 66.1 194.3 9623 94202009 346.5 2446 14.21 170.1 237.5 1069 1936 1577 18.68 18.81 26.93 36.98 6.14 624.8 288.0 175.4 36.25 64.1 181.7 9275 90902010 363.1 2564 14.86 167.7 226.0 1073 1995 1611 19.41 17.82 27.96 40.18 6.60 639.2 295.9 179.6 36.36 68.1 188.1 9535 9344

2011 376.0 2694 16.83 170.8 207.0 1064 2058 1649 19.80 20.22 31.23 43.16 6.84 650.4 310.1 176.1 37.06 71.2 198.0 9799 95962012 386.2 2745 18.05 175.1 191.2 1031 2089 1624 19.44 22.10 33.33 44.11 7.16 653.0 318.7 168.3 36.25 73.5 201.0 9837 96272013 392.9 2811 19.03 179.7 180.7 1020 2117 1613 17.99 22.85 34.98 46.50 7.64 660.5 323.9 170.5 36.45 74.4 204.3 9934 97212014 403.0 2927 20.18 194.8 178.7 1032 2150 1627 17.41 23.65 36.54 49.82 8.51 671.6 333.1 173.1 37.63 76.3 206.9 10168 99482015 416.7 3030 20.78 262.8 177.3 1078 2198 1655 17.83 24.43 37.32 52.07 9.63 690.0 344.3 179.7 38.85 79.8 211.4 10524 102962016 430.4 3134 21.69 271.7 176.5 1114 2234 1696 18.87 25.07 38.89 54.87 10.34 708.3 357.3 186.5 40.37 81.0 217.5 10817 105812017 446.4 3245 23.78 297.1 180.2 1162 2295 1737 20.04 26.80 42.27 56.81 11.28 738.1 370.3 195.9 42.99 84.5 225.8 11201 109492018 459.8 3344 26.04 324.0 184.7 1202 2353 1766 21.14 29.06 45.26 60.05 12.37 774.0 385.7 204.3 45.75 89.7 233.6 11561 112922019 473.6 3436 28.04 347.2 187.5 1245 2419 1788 21.94 30.48 48.34 63.52 13.21 812.1 398.5 212.3 48.01 94.2 240.1 11907 116232020 446.1 3282 26.53 323.7 168.9 1131 2248 1632 20.42 28.77 45.37 60.32 12.67 764.5 381.0 200.4 45.61 89.8 228.8 11136 10867

2021 483.3 3531 28.63 347.5 183.3 1222 2437 1755 21.86 31.29 50.03 65.54 13.59 814.3 404.3 214.9 49.10 97.0 241.6 11992 11701

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

19

Output


(Mrd EUR 1))


1960 : : 6.0 : : : : 14.8 : 315 : : : : 10 69 44 514

1965 : : 10.2 : : : : 22.8 : 496 : : : : 15 96 89 694

1970 : : 16.7 : : : : 36.3 : 786 : : : : 25 132 207 1050

1975 : : 32.7 : : : : 65.5 : 1465 : : : : 52 205 427 1358

1980 : : 51.2 : 17.6 42.8 27.6 99.9 : 2624 : : : : 72 434 791 2052

1985 : : 82.8 : 48.3 167.1 113.5 147.9 : 3966 : : : : 104 704 1850 5686

1990 14.59 25.0 108.9 : 16.6 32.0 19.6 202.4 : 5687 : : : : 163 937 2475 4683

1991 6076

1991 5.83 25.1 112.6 : 18.3 44.9 16.0 218.3 : 6238 : : : : 168 1006 2895 49701992 5.72 26.5 118.2 : 17.7 43.2 9.4 217.0 : 6491 : : : : 169 990 3006 50231993 13.45 35.2 122.3 8.84 34.3 82.1 23.9 180.2 5759 6509 : : : : 212 986 3816 58571994 11.86 40.1 131.7 12.52 36.3 93.2 26.6 191.4 6028 6805 : : 3.00 : 150 1043 4134 61261995 14.52 45.7 141.4 17.09 35.5 108.7 28.6 202.9 6338 7059 : : 3.60 : 178 1026 4167 58411996 9.71 52.8 147.8 18.61 36.8 126.0 29.0 228.2 6637 7419 2.52 : 3.66 : 197 1115 3808 63581997 10.01 54.5 153.2 20.98 41.7 140.4 31.4 235.1 6819 7827 1.96 : 3.45 22.65 231 1376 3897 75641998 13.44 59.5 158.1 22.65 43.4 154.7 37.1 239.8 7111 8178 2.28 : 3.36 17.38 245 1473 3605 80841999 12.80 60.8 167.0 21.89 46.0 159.3 33.7 255.4 7431 8598 3.02 : 3.63 18.20 240 1579 4283 90362000 14.44 66.8 178.0 23.53 51.2 186.4 40.6 283.5 7870 9198 3.78 1.076 4.09 7.46 297 1798 5295 11100

2001 15.91 75.4 184.0 25.90 60.0 212.4 45.1 269.0 8242 9546 4.37 1.308 4.14 14.48 223 1832 4812 118152002 17.48 87.1 189.8 28.48 71.8 210.1 48.7 282.0 8539 9868 4.61 1.373 4.24 18.18 250 1893 4370 115662003 18.80 88.2 193.4 30.73 75.4 192.3 51.1 294.5 8768 10019 4.93 1.525 4.39 19.88 276 1817 3935 101302004 21.09 96.0 202.4 33.48 83.8 206.1 60.4 308.2 9168 10491 5.78 1.686 4.58 20.99 325 1945 3875 98192005 24.04 109.6 212.8 36.48 90.9 246.2 79.2 313.8 9561 10881 6.48 1.832 5.03 22.25 402 2042 3830 104792006 27.41 123.9 225.5 40.20 92.0 274.6 97.2 335.0 10113 11467 7.09 2.170 5.47 25.93 436 2163 3608 110022007 32.44 138.3 233.4 43.99 102.3 313.9 127.6 356.5 10739 12062 7.81 2.689 6.09 31.56 493 2265 3297 105452008 37.22 161.3 241.6 48.00 108.2 366.2 146.6 353.3 11085 12012 8.80 3.103 6.77 35.71 522 1997 3416 100042009 37.40 148.7 231.3 45.06 94.4 317.1 125.2 313.6 10588 11372 8.66 2.994 6.77 32.49 462 1737 3756 103592010 38.04 156.7 243.2 45.11 99.0 361.8 125.4 374.3 10978 11828 9.00 3.125 7.11 31.55 581 1867 4305 11309

2011 41.25 164.0 247.9 44.79 101.6 380.2 131.9 411.9 11323 12168 9.27 3.265 7.54 35.43 597 1912 4429 111662012 42.03 161.4 254.6 43.94 99.7 389.4 133.1 428.8 11390 12422 9.59 3.181 7.58 33.71 679 2112 4829 126072013 41.89 157.7 258.7 43.70 102.0 394.7 143.8 440.2 11517 12518 9.62 3.362 8.15 36.44 714 2098 3881 126382014 42.88 156.7 265.8 43.40 105.9 411.2 150.5 437.5 11782 12961 9.97 3.458 8.56 35.48 703 2310 3663 131932015 45.68 168.5 273.0 44.62 112.2 430.3 160.3 454.2 12213 13664 10.27 3.655 9.07 35.71 773 2641 3956 164262016 48.62 176.4 283.1 46.62 115.3 426.6 170.4 466.3 12550 13765 10.72 3.954 9.66 36.73 780 2435 4456 169082017 52.31 191.7 292.4 49.09 125.6 467.3 187.8 479.6 13047 14084 11.56 4.299 10.04 39.16 755 2363 4308 172792018 56.09 207.6 301.3 51.63 133.8 497.6 204.6 471.2 13485 14488 12.82 4.663 10.70 42.86 653 2424 4196 174272019 60.68 220.2 310.9 53.94 143.8 529.0 223.3 474.7 13923 14931 13.68 4.908 11.34 45.91 673 2523 4540 191412020 56.59 201.4 294.2 48.34 129.4 496.8 211.4 439.5 13013 13969 13.13 4.685 10.88 44.94 628 2369 4443 18245

2021 61.46 212.0 314.9 52.24 139.9 523.9 225.3 461.8 13984 15017 13.97 4.960 11.69 49.15 714 2540 4588 19496

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) 1960-91 including D_W 3) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

20

Output


(Mrd PPS)


1960 9.7 76 : 2.0 5.1 20 46 46 : : : 0.57 : 14.9 7.6 4.1 : : 4.0 : 237

1965 15.1 118 : 3.0 9.6 36 75 76 : : : 0.83 : 23.0 11.3 6.9 : : 6.2 : 381

1970 23.9 179 : 4.7 17.6 61 123 132 : : : 1.23 : 37.4 18.3 11.0 : : 9.8 : 619

1975 45.4 323 : 9.5 35.9 127 237 243 : : : 2.27 : 70.3 35.4 21.9 : : 19.6 : 1169

1980 81.5 585 : 18.2 67.6 213 429 455 : : : 3.89 : 122.7 63.9 43.5 : : 35.4 : 2119

1985 119.3 875 : 28.8 95.2 318 649 683 : : : 6.16 : 181.3 96.0 64.4 : : 57.0 : 3173

1990 169.0 1252 : 43.8 123.1 483 932 963 6.90 20.63 29.84 10.74 : 260.1 135.6 105.6 22.44 : 82.1 : 4560

1991 1379 4903

1991 180.3 1545 : 46.8 133.0 518 987 1024 7.29 18.89 29.49 12.23 3.60 279.2 147.0 114.4 21.42 : 80.9 : 50681992 188.2 1618 : 49.7 137.7 538 1031 1060 8.22 13.19 23.87 12.80 3.87 291.9 154.3 121.3 20.82 33.5 80.5 : 52841993 187.4 1611 7.87 51.3 136.2 535 1030 1057 8.32 11.74 20.10 13.40 4.07 297.1 155.9 121.1 21.52 36.1 80.4 5386 52761994 196.8 1679 7.88 55.2 141.4 558 1073 1098 8.97 12.22 18.47 14.17 4.38 311.3 162.5 125.1 23.07 39.0 85.0 5614 55001995 191.3 1618 7.82 57.5 137.0 544 1040 1070 9.35 11.49 18.10 13.64 4.41 304.7 158.3 121.4 22.80 39.2 84.1 5453 53401996 196.7 1679 8.30 63.5 145.9 577 1087 1116 9.75 12.11 19.59 14.60 4.72 324.2 166.4 127.9 24.23 43.0 87.6 5707 55861997 208.6 1740 9.63 71.8 157.9 619 1151 1172 10.29 13.58 21.82 15.51 5.10 350.6 174.9 137.8 26.20 46.9 96.7 6030 58971998 215.0 1798 10.11 80.4 167.2 664 1216 1231 11.01 14.69 23.82 16.30 5.36 376.3 184.0 146.6 27.51 49.5 105.1 6341 61991999 227.0 1883 10.21 88.4 173.4 703 1283 1271 11.78 15.41 24.05 19.02 5.69 403.8 192.5 158.0 29.56 50.4 111.6 6662 65152000 249.7 1960 11.55 100.6 184.9 768 1393 1351 12.95 16.63 25.94 21.16 6.25 444.9 206.3 170.3 31.38 53.7 121.5 7130 6971

2001 257.3 2030 12.45 109.3 197.7 814 1465 1388 13.93 18.30 28.49 21.43 6.29 462.5 207.5 175.8 32.79 57.9 125.3 7424 72542002 268.8 2068 13.83 118.9 211.8 867 1514 1409 14.36 19.95 31.04 22.53 6.66 477.9 216.5 182.2 34.68 61.5 127.8 7667 74852003 272.1 2093 15.27 122.9 221.4 896 1487 1419 14.78 21.38 34.98 23.01 7.03 469.7 221.3 184.9 35.72 64.6 128.4 7731 75372004 282.6 2187 16.75 133.2 235.9 949 1541 1442 15.97 23.37 37.25 24.84 7.25 493.1 233.4 190.4 38.44 69.2 138.0 8058 78502005 295.5 2229 19.15 143.0 238.9 1024 1638 1485 17.43 26.33 41.03 26.98 7.64 522.0 244.9 202.9 40.56 76.0 142.9 8422 81942006 307.6 2328 21.54 156.4 260.3 1128 1709 1561 18.65 28.92 44.63 30.51 7.79 554.6 257.6 214.8 42.70 84.1 150.1 8906 86572007 322.0 2459 24.51 169.6 266.8 1210 1799 1643 20.78 32.89 50.87 33.24 8.35 592.9 269.4 223.5 45.83 94.0 164.8 9431 91532008 320.7 2453 24.13 157.1 270.1 1208 1786 1652 21.65 33.50 52.43 33.48 8.47 603.3 271.7 222.5 47.29 100.9 168.3 9434 91452009 310.0 2294 20.91 143.6 256.5 1132 1707 1556 20.83 27.57 43.65 31.15 8.20 560.3 259.7 212.7 42.73 94.6 154.2 8875 86162010 332.2 2438 22.21 151.1 239.6 1129 1787 1595 21.22 28.24 47.50 33.22 8.82 572.8 268.9 220.6 43.63 103.8 159.9 9203 8927

2011 341.0 2577 24.82 155.0 219.0 1124 1846 1640 21.39 30.76 52.15 35.99 8.98 587.0 281.5 213.3 44.81 106.1 166.4 9475 91862012 355.1 2636 26.19 160.8 211.1 1122 1870 1642 20.79 32.74 55.67 36.77 9.34 598.7 296.1 210.1 45.17 110.1 167.3 9606 93062013 358.1 2666 26.77 162.7 210.3 1111 1917 1607 19.24 33.56 57.98 38.17 9.73 608.0 298.6 214.7 45.37 111.2 165.8 9662 93582014 371.3 2807 28.24 175.4 215.6 1149 1963 1622 18.89 35.05 60.88 41.55 10.70 612.2 307.5 220.4 46.94 115.8 168.2 9970 96542015 391.6 2928 29.07 244.1 218.8 1219 2044 1685 20.21 36.91 62.94 44.42 12.07 640.5 324.0 231.0 49.07 122.0 175.1 10477 101452016 393.8 2976 29.37 244.4 214.3 1239 2047 1730 21.67 36.98 63.39 46.02 12.67 636.3 328.6 233.2 49.98 115.1 176.5 10593 102642017 402.2 3051 31.03 261.6 217.9 1284 2085 1761 22.69 38.53 66.62 46.85 13.60 660.3 334.7 237.3 52.74 117.1 182.1 10867 105252018 414.2 3130 33.32 285.0 225.9 1314 2157 1794 24.04 40.95 69.60 49.23 14.68 687.8 348.6 244.9 55.72 123.2 188.8 11200 108392019 427.2 3203 35.38 306.1 234.1 1363 2223 1830 25.25 42.58 73.59 51.24 15.59 712.4 360.3 254.5 58.07 128.2 194.0 11538 111592020 401.1 3029 33.29 284.9 213.7 1249 2063 1675 23.65 40.06 68.54 49.02 14.85 671.1 344.3 240.0 54.63 120.9 183.7 10760 10404

2021 433.5 3249 35.70 306.2 233.6 1353 2245 1808 25.42 43.17 74.57 52.51 15.94 713.6 366.2 257.2 59.03 130.7 193.0 11595 11211


21

Output


(Mrd PPS)


1960 : : 5.5 : : : : 10.4 : 315 : : : : 15 62 54 297

1965 : : 8.7 : : : : 16.4 : 496 : : : : 23 90 102 464

1970 : : 13.4 : : : : 24.9 : 786 : : : : 40 129 216 687

1975 : : 23.2 : : : : 45.3 : 1465 : : : : 85 227 430 1251

1980 : : 40.7 : : : : 75.0 : 2624 : : : : 147 390 818 2301

1985 : : 65.1 : : : : 114.8 : 3966 : : : : 260 612 1408 3782

1990 : 117.7 85.1 : : 213.8 110.4 157.3 : 5687 : : 10.04 : 414 884 2186 5419

1991 6073

1991 57.30 111.4 90.4 : 78.7 208.3 100.5 162.9 : 6238 : : 9.87 : 438 917 2367 56721992 54.60 112.0 94.7 : 79.2 219.6 94.3 165.5 : 6491 : : 9.48 : 477 946 2453 60371993 54.10 114.0 95.2 : 79.1 229.0 96.2 163.0 : 6509 : : 8.82 : 518 975 2470 62351994 56.00 118.8 102.1 : 82.9 245.4 101.8 172.5 : 6805 : : 8.82 : 499 1030 2536 66021995 54.70 119.6 99.9 30.86 79.8 249.1 103.5 170.2 6361 6613 : : 8.28 : 508 1003 2473 64341996 48.80 128.2 106.4 33.62 82.1 271.8 110.6 178.9 6668 6954 : : 8.64 : 559 1084 2630 68861997 41.30 131.0 113.7 36.91 87.3 297.7 108.3 188.2 7035 7359 7.39 : 9.01 : 619 1160 2737 74071998 44.10 132.7 118.4 38.20 92.3 316.6 107.9 196.7 7388 7710 8.17 : 9.46 : 482 1195 2740 78361999 41.60 137.5 123.8 38.65 97.1 338.1 109.7 210.9 7760 8100 9.42 : 10.08 : 476 1250 2798 84032000 46.00 145.5 134.1 41.62 106.1 357.2 115.0 229.0 8304 8697 10.45 3.213 10.93 39.66 531 1363 2983 8983

2001 48.40 155.7 137.0 43.47 116.9 368.7 125.3 230.0 8649 9046 11.43 3.607 10.70 42.25 514 1425 3033 91892002 52.40 159.3 141.5 46.74 126.8 386.9 133.7 235.8 8950 9345 12.22 3.755 11.10 46.53 522 1483 3083 93952003 55.50 168.1 140.8 49.49 132.9 397.4 138.3 240.1 9053 9450 12.88 3.847 11.33 48.48 539 1532 3135 97242004 60.00 179.5 150.5 52.96 138.8 431.2 163.1 255.9 9490 9879 13.89 4.107 12.33 53.57 616 1623 3282 103382005 67.00 190.6 157.3 56.07 146.4 450.8 174.0 261.2 9925 10290 15.02 4.383 13.59 58.08 686 1677 3439 110832006 71.70 201.6 167.9 62.23 153.0 478.2 202.6 281.5 10524 10859 16.25 5.321 14.67 62.59 776 1752 3504 114412007 79.60 221.8 175.5 68.78 157.9 527.6 235.7 306.2 11204 11435 17.82 6.321 15.74 68.32 852 1800 3641 119162008 84.90 228.5 179.2 70.76 164.2 551.7 272.4 305.8 11291 11421 19.17 6.737 17.02 73.38 893 1791 3522 116282009 80.30 219.2 169.4 65.48 157.6 558.5 257.7 284.0 10667 10728 19.63 6.125 17.17 69.80 840 1658 3231 109812010 84.10 221.8 182.6 64.97 165.1 612.9 262.9 302.8 11100 11158 21.47 6.464 17.87 71.42 965 1746 3427 11466

2011 86.80 228.1 186.6 67.00 172.3 656.3 272.2 317.3 11461 11463 22.38 6.771 18.16 75.04 1089 1774 3451 117282012 89.70 230.8 189.4 68.19 173.6 685.8 287.1 326.0 11657 11667 23.08 6.504 18.57 75.83 1164 1845 3588 122442013 88.50 235.5 192.8 68.07 178.1 690.9 290.7 325.5 11732 11759 22.49 6.788 19.30 77.01 1242 1883 3650 123332014 93.50 250.4 199.3 68.95 186.3 717.9 302.8 336.4 12126 12155 23.99 7.048 20.48 77.08 1365 1966 3677 129242015 99.00 267.1 209.6 72.72 197.3 766.8 322.2 360.7 12773 12797 25.25 7.640 21.62 79.59 1513 2081 3861 136992016 101.90 270.9 212.7 74.20 194.3 767.5 342.4 357.7 12915 12905 24.82 8.093 22.42 79.86 1502 2071 3628 133752017 105.70 284.0 221.1 76.69 201.3 797.4 372.4 369.1 13295 13230 26.19 8.540 22.60 81.16 1578 2115 3607 135932018 110.40 297.7 229.8 79.71 214.0 838.2 395.6 379.6 13745 13612 27.58 9.190 23.93 85.29 1606 2164 3626 142692019 116.10 310.6 239.4 83.48 228.5 888.2 418.9 391.0 14214 14022 28.68 9.688 25.21 90.41 1648 2232 3714 148572020 109.00 294.6 227.9 76.71 214.8 859.9 398.4 371.4 13312 13073 27.61 9.215 24.51 87.70 1577 2070 3567 14054

2021 117.10 313.3 242.6 83.53 230.5 906.7 420.4 392.4 14302 14068 29.15 9.745 25.81 94.30 1668 2222 3711 14939


22

Output


(National currency; annual percentage change)


1961-1970 8.5 8.4 : 9.9 11.7 14.3 10.4 11.1 9.5 : : 7.7 7.0 10.5 8.7 9.1 : : 10.9 : 10.0

1971-1980 10.5 8.1 : 19.2 19.9 19.2 13.6 19.1 12.9 : : 9.2 15.3 10.9 10.3 21.4 : : 15.4 : 13.0

1981-1990 6.3 5.2 : 10.8 20.4 12.6 8.8 13.3 12.9 : : 9.3 6.5 4.1 6.0 21.2 : : 10.5 : 8.9

1991 4.8 8.4 : 3.8 23.5 9.7 3.6 9.3 4.7 129.5 209.3 10.6 9.8 5.6 7.2 14.7 77.6 15.0 -4.5 : 7.31992 5.0 7.3 : 6.2 15.6 7.7 3.6 5.3 16.0 600.9 721.3 5.6 8.4 4.2 5.6 12.4 191.3 3.9 -2.4 : 5.91993 3.0 2.9 : 8.0 12.6 3.5 1.0 3.1 5.9 46.0 240.3 10.4 7.5 2.9 3.3 4.6 41.0 23.8 1.1 : 2.81994 5.4 4.5 37.4 7.5 13.4 6.4 3.3 5.8 11.5 39.2 45.9 7.5 9.4 5.1 5.0 8.4 29.1 20.5 5.9 5.1 5.01995 3.6 3.6 37.4 13.0 12.1 7.8 3.3 8.0 9.4 14.0 51.3 3.8 11.4 5.2 4.5 8.1 28.0 16.3 8.6 5.3 5.11996 1.8 1.4 28.6 9.8 10.7 6.2 2.8 5.8 3.9 15.3 25.1 5.9 5.1 4.6 3.4 6.0 15.0 11.5 3.6 3.5 3.41997 4.6 2.1 24.3 15.2 11.3 6.1 3.2 4.4 4.9 15.3 20.7 4.7 6.2 7.1 3.4 8.5 13.9 11.0 8.5 4.1 4.11998 3.8 2.7 11.5 15.8 9.2 7.1 4.6 4.3 8.2 11.5 11.1 3.9 6.0 6.8 4.0 8.8 11.0 9.1 8.7 4.7 4.61999 4.2 2.2 6.3 15.3 6.8 7.1 3.6 3.2 7.4 4.4 -2.4 14.8 5.7 6.4 3.8 7.4 12.2 7.1 5.3 4.0 4.02000 5.8 2.4 14.2 17.0 5.6 8.8 5.5 5.6 8.9 9.4 5.2 10.6 8.8 7.8 4.8 7.4 9.4 10.8 7.5 5.3 5.2

1991-2000 4.2 3.7 : 11.1 12.0 7.0 3.4 5.5 8.0 51.4 78.5 7.7 7.8 5.6 4.5 8.6 35.9 12.8 4.1 : 4.7

2001 3.1 3.0 13.1 12.5 7.7 8.2 4.0 5.0 7.8 8.7 6.2 3.0 3.0 6.6 3.2 5.7 12.2 8.5 6.0 4.7 4.72002 3.4 1.2 11.9 11.5 7.4 6.9 3.2 3.5 4.0 12.6 7.1 5.6 5.8 4.0 2.8 5.0 11.4 8.6 2.7 3.4 3.32003 2.9 0.6 11.8 7.1 9.4 7.0 2.7 3.3 8.2 13.8 9.6 4.4 5.5 2.3 2.3 2.5 8.8 11.1 2.2 2.9 2.82004 5.6 2.3 11.8 7.3 8.3 7.1 4.5 4.1 7.9 15.7 9.4 6.7 2.0 3.2 4.5 4.2 7.9 11.3 4.6 4.3 4.22005 4.5 1.1 16.0 9.0 2.9 7.9 3.6 2.8 7.0 23.1 15.2 7.5 6.1 4.1 4.8 4.1 5.4 9.3 3.7 3.6 3.52006 4.9 4.2 19.6 8.7 9.3 8.2 4.7 4.0 7.9 25.8 14.6 12.6 4.6 6.1 5.4 4.9 8.1 11.6 5.0 5.3 5.22007 5.7 4.8 20.9 6.6 6.8 7.1 5.0 4.0 9.4 32.2 20.6 10.0 6.9 5.9 6.0 5.5 11.4 12.1 8.2 5.5 5.32008 2.4 1.9 1.5 -4.8 4.0 3.2 2.6 1.4 8.6 8.0 12.6 2.6 6.4 4.5 3.4 2.1 8.1 8.6 3.8 2.4 2.32009 -1.5 -4.0 -14.6 -9.4 -1.8 -3.6 -2.8 -3.7 -1.8 -22.6 -17.6 -3.0 0.2 -3.5 -1.9 -2.1 -4.4 -6.6 -6.4 -3.6 -3.52010 4.8 4.9 4.6 -1.4 -4.8 0.3 3.0 2.2 3.9 -4.9 3.8 8.7 7.5 2.3 2.7 2.4 0.3 6.2 3.5 2.8 2.8

2001-2010 3.5 2.0 9.2 4.5 4.8 5.2 3.0 2.6 6.2 10.1 7.7 5.7 4.8 3.5 3.3 3.4 6.8 8.0 3.3 3.1 3.0

2011 3.5 5.0 13.2 1.8 -8.4 -0.8 3.2 2.3 2.0 13.1 11.7 7.4 3.6 1.7 4.8 -2.0 1.9 4.6 5.2 2.8 2.72012 2.7 1.9 7.3 2.5 -7.6 -3.1 1.5 -1.5 -1.8 7.9 6.7 2.2 4.8 0.4 2.7 -4.4 -2.2 3.2 1.5 0.4 0.32013 1.7 2.4 5.4 2.6 -5.5 -1.0 1.4 -0.7 -7.4 4.0 5.0 5.4 6.7 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.02014 2.6 4.1 6.0 8.4 -1.1 1.2 1.5 0.9 -3.3 3.7 4.5 7.2 11.3 1.7 2.9 1.5 3.2 2.6 1.3 2.4 2.32015 3.4 3.5 3.0 34.9 -0.8 4.4 2.3 1.7 2.4 3.3 2.1 4.5 13.2 2.7 3.3 3.8 3.2 4.6 2.2 3.5 3.52016 3.3 3.4 4.4 3.4 -0.4 3.4 1.6 2.4 5.9 2.6 4.2 5.4 7.4 2.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 1.6 2.9 2.8 2.82017 3.7 3.5 9.6 9.4 2.1 4.3 2.7 2.4 6.2 6.9 8.7 3.5 9.1 4.2 3.6 5.1 6.5 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.52018 3.0 3.1 9.5 9.1 2.5 3.5 2.5 1.7 5.5 8.4 7.1 5.7 9.6 4.9 4.2 4.3 6.4 6.2 3.4 3.2 3.12019 3.0 2.7 7.7 7.2 1.5 3.6 2.8 1.2 3.8 4.9 6.8 5.8 6.8 4.9 3.3 3.9 4.9 5.0 2.8 3.0 2.92020 -5.8 -4.5 -5.4 -6.8 -9.9 -9.2 -7.1 -8.7 -6.9 -5.6 -6.2 -5.0 -4.1 -5.9 -4.4 -5.6 -5.0 -4.7 -4.7 -6.5 -6.5

2011-2020 2.1 2.5 6.0 6.8 -2.9 0.5 1.2 0.1 0.5 4.8 5.0 4.1 6.7 1.8 2.6 1.1 2.3 2.8 2.0 1.6 1.5

2021 8.4 7.6 7.9 7.3 8.5 8.1 8.4 7.6 7.0 8.8 10.3 8.7 7.3 6.5 6.1 7.3 7.6 8.0 5.6 7.7 7.7

1) 1961-91 D_W 2) Weighted in common currency 3) Weighted in common currency; Former Euro area 12; 1961-91 including D_W

23

Output




1961-1970 : : 11.3 : : : : 9.1 : 9.6 : : : : 12.0 7.9 16.4 7.1

1971-1980 : : 12.1 : 8.0 : : 11.8 : 13.5 : : : : 38.2 16.6 12.6 10.3

1981-1990 : : 7.9 : 11.2 72.9 3.4 10.0 : 9.1 : : : : 54.0 9.9 6.2 7.6

1991 199.0 29.0 4.1 43.9 19.6 44.4 156.9 7.2 : 6.9 : : 81.8 : 60.3 5.5 6.0 3.31992 48.0 12.3 3.6 521.2 17.8 42.1 173.6 0.2 : 5.3 : : 1182.0 : 73.5 3.6 2.4 5.91993 48.8 23.0 0.6 1355.7 20.6 35.5 232.3 0.5 : 3.1 : : 401.7 : 81.3 5.3 0.6 5.21994 75.8 14.1 7.0 141.1 23.0 44.5 148.4 6.7 6.9 5.1 : : 147.5 : 95.2 5.2 1.0 6.21995 67.0 15.8 4.3 30.8 28.6 36.9 44.9 8.0 6.4 5.2 : : 15.8 : 100.7 5.0 2.2 4.81996 71.4 14.6 5.0 9.9 22.0 25.1 49.6 2.6 4.5 3.9 : : 4.1 96.6 90.3 6.7 2.6 5.71997 770.2 7.7 5.3 14.1 24.0 21.0 123.9 4.7 6.3 4.2 -0.9 : 5.4 29.6 95.2 5.0 1.6 6.21998 39.0 9.6 3.5 10.3 18.2 16.2 45.1 5.1 5.3 4.6 16.2 : 4.8 28.6 81.1 4.6 -1.2 5.71999 -5.4 4.5 4.7 2.8 11.4 11.1 49.0 5.2 4.5 4.1 15.3 : 7.2 15.8 49.1 4.4 -1.6 6.32000 12.3 6.1 6.9 8.4 14.5 11.0 46.7 6.4 5.8 5.3 13.0 : 13.1 92.1 59.3 5.4 1.4 6.5

1991-2000 83.2 13.4 4.5 90.6 19.9 28.1 97.3 4.6 : 4.8 : : 84.9 : 77.8 5.1 1.5 5.6

2001 10.2 7.9 3.4 7.8 15.6 4.4 45.2 4.0 5.0 4.5 12.4 21.5 1.5 99.7 43.8 4.0 -0.7 3.22002 9.9 4.4 2.8 8.9 13.2 3.9 29.7 3.8 3.7 3.6 8.3 5.0 2.5 27.1 46.4 4.5 -1.3 3.42003 7.5 4.8 1.9 10.2 9.8 4.4 26.0 4.0 3.2 3.4 11.0 11.0 3.9 17.4 30.2 5.6 -0.1 4.82004 12.5 9.0 4.8 7.9 10.2 10.3 27.5 4.7 4.7 4.3 8.8 10.6 4.5 17.9 23.3 5.0 1.1 6.62005 14.1 6.6 5.3 7.6 7.0 6.2 17.2 3.6 3.9 3.9 9.0 8.7 9.9 21.0 16.8 5.8 0.6 6.72006 14.0 7.6 6.1 9.0 7.8 8.0 19.5 6.4 5.6 5.3 8.5 18.4 8.6 18.1 17.1 5.6 0.5 6.02007 18.4 9.3 3.4 9.6 5.7 11.0 24.2 6.4 5.9 5.3 10.6 23.9 11.4 15.7 11.6 5.1 0.9 4.62008 14.7 4.8 3.6 7.4 5.9 8.3 26.8 3.0 3.1 2.4 11.9 15.4 11.3 15.3 13.0 2.6 -2.1 1.82009 0.5 -2.3 -4.4 -4.6 -2.8 6.7 -1.7 -2.0 -3.2 -3.3 5.9 -3.5 -0.1 4.9 0.4 -2.7 -6.0 -1.82010 1.7 0.8 5.2 -0.6 3.1 5.3 -0.5 7.2 3.0 3.1 8.4 4.4 5.5 6.5 16.1 3.5 2.2 3.8

2001-2010 10.2 5.2 3.2 6.2 7.4 6.8 20.6 4.1 3.4 3.2 9.5 11.3 5.8 22.3 21.1 3.9 -0.5 3.9

2011 8.4 1.8 2.0 1.3 4.0 8.4 5.9 4.2 3.0 2.9 4.9 4.5 6.1 11.1 20.2 3.6 -1.8 3.72012 1.9 0.6 2.6 -0.8 1.7 4.0 6.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 2.5 -2.6 0.5 5.5 12.6 3.2 0.7 4.22013 -0.4 0.9 1.8 0.2 5.0 1.7 7.0 2.0 1.2 1.6 1.3 5.7 7.5 8.2 15.3 4.1 1.7 3.62014 2.4 5.3 2.7 0.0 7.9 3.8 5.2 4.5 2.6 2.8 3.4 2.8 5.1 1.0 13.0 4.5 2.1 4.42015 6.5 6.5 2.8 2.5 6.4 4.6 6.6 6.7 3.8 3.5 2.8 5.7 5.9 3.6 14.4 3.0 3.4 4.02016 6.4 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.4 7.4 3.9 3.0 3.1 2.7 8.2 6.4 4.9 11.5 4.1 0.8 2.72017 7.6 5.9 3.2 4.3 8.2 6.9 12.1 4.6 3.9 3.6 5.3 8.7 3.9 5.2 19.2 3.8 1.9 4.32018 7.2 5.5 3.3 4.5 9.9 6.6 11.0 4.6 3.6 3.2 5.5 8.5 6.5 6.6 19.7 3.5 0.2 5.42019 8.2 6.2 3.4 4.5 9.7 7.2 11.3 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.9 5.2 6.0 6.8 14.9 3.3 1.2 4.12020 -6.7 -4.9 -5.4 -8.5 -3.1 -1.9 -3.8 -5.1 -6.1 -6.5 -2.4 -4.5 -3.8 -2.4 6.4 -6.8 -5.1 -7.0

2011-2020 4.1 3.1 1.9 1.1 5.2 4.4 6.8 2.9 1.9 1.8 2.9 4.1 4.4 5.0 14.7 2.6 0.5 2.9

2021 8.6 6.7 7.0 8.5 9.2 6.7 6.8 5.6 7.6 7.6 7.1 5.9 7.4 9.4 16.4 7.6 2.8 6.5

1) Weighted in common currency 2) Weighted in common currency; Former EU-15; 1961-91 including D_W

24

Output

8. Gross domestic product at current market prices per head of population

(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))


1960 118.8 122.3 : 64.1 46.9 37.6 120.1 70.5 45.0 : : 193.9 41.3 104.5 85.1 35.3 : : 107.2 : 90.9

1965 112.4 120.9 : 63.0 53.2 47.6 120.5 77.9 42.6 : : 162.6 30.7 109.1 82.0 34.8 : : 112.4 : 93.9

1970 114.1 128.2 : 60.7 60.3 49.5 115.3 84.7 40.0 : : 170.1 31.9 118.1 83.1 38.5 : : 99.4 : 97.1

1975 123.8 130.3 : 55.4 57.6 60.2 122.9 75.1 28.6 : : 162.7 29.5 134.9 97.4 42.0 : : 114.8 : 100.1

1980 120.0 128.5 : 60.3 54.8 57.8 118.6 78.4 46.9 : : 159.5 39.9 128.7 101.4 31.6 : : 104.9 : 97.8

1985 100.2 122.7 : 69.7 54.5 53.6 111.8 90.9 49.1 : : 148.0 33.2 113.7 105.1 30.7 : : 130.3 : 96.0

1990 99.8 121.1 : 68.2 46.5 66.9 105.5 100.6 52.2 : : 167.8 35.4 103.1 105.0 38.4 : : 137.4 : 97.9

1991 98.5 121.9 : 66.2 47.7 69.3 101.5 102.6 50.9 : : 173.1 36.6 101.7 104.9 42.1 29.2 : 119.2 : 97.8

1991 100.2 111.4 : 67.4 48.6 70.6 103.3 104.4 51.8 : : 176.3 37.2 103.6 106.8 42.9 29.7 : 121.4 : 97.41992 102.7 116.4 : 69.3 49.0 70.8 104.7 101.9 55.5 3.0 2.6 180.0 37.4 105.1 109.4 47.6 29.4 : 97.9 : 98.71993 108.4 124.4 5.8 71.0 50.6 64.8 108.8 91.1 57.5 5.0 3.7 201.6 36.7 112.4 117.1 46.2 33.0 12.6 85.5 95.0 99.41994 111.6 125.2 7.8 73.7 51.0 61.8 108.3 88.9 60.1 8.1 5.6 209.2 38.1 113.6 118.2 45.9 35.5 13.7 93.6 94.8 99.11995 114.7 128.4 10.9 77.6 52.3 62.5 108.6 83.4 61.6 8.8 7.5 212.9 39.5 118.2 122.5 47.9 43.4 15.1 106.1 95.8 99.91996 109.1 121.7 13.3 83.0 54.6 64.0 106.7 91.6 60.1 9.6 9.2 208.5 39.7 115.1 118.3 48.4 42.9 16.0 102.4 95.1 99.11997 104.8 114.7 15.5 95.5 56.7 62.2 102.4 92.2 60.0 11.3 11.9 198.5 41.7 112.8 112.8 48.9 44.1 17.2 104.3 92.3 96.01998 103.9 112.8 16.7 99.4 55.3 63.2 102.5 91.5 61.9 12.2 13.0 195.0 42.3 114.4 112.2 50.0 45.8 17.3 106.7 92.0 95.61999 103.7 110.7 17.2 108.0 56.9 64.6 101.4 90.4 62.7 12.9 12.8 211.8 43.3 116.1 111.7 51.2 46.8 15.8 107.6 91.5 95.12000 102.7 106.3 18.1 117.0 54.3 65.6 99.7 89.5 63.9 14.9 14.7 216.9 46.3 116.5 109.5 51.2 45.1 17.0 108.2 90.1 93.5

2001 102.0 105.8 19.9 125.3 55.6 68.3 99.6 90.9 65.7 15.9 15.7 213.6 45.9 119.2 108.9 52.0 46.3 17.6 110.7 90.9 94.32002 102.1 104.0 21.8 133.5 57.9 69.9 99.2 91.3 65.8 16.9 17.0 217.0 46.2 119.8 108.3 52.8 48.3 18.9 110.2 90.9 94.32003 103.6 103.7 24.3 139.3 62.6 72.7 100.2 92.9 68.5 17.5 18.7 221.4 46.0 120.9 109.2 53.4 50.3 21.4 111.3 92.1 95.42004 104.6 102.0 26.3 141.0 64.9 73.6 99.8 92.2 70.3 18.9 19.8 223.7 44.6 119.4 108.9 53.3 50.9 23.7 111.5 91.8 94.92005 105.4 100.2 29.7 145.7 64.6 75.7 99.6 91.4 72.5 21.8 22.5 229.7 45.4 120.2 110.0 53.8 51.8 26.1 111.8 91.7 94.72006 104.7 99.8 34.1 147.2 67.2 76.9 98.7 90.3 73.6 26.4 25.0 242.9 45.2 121.5 110.1 53.7 53.3 28.7 111.6 91.7 94.52007 105.1 100.3 39.7 145.6 68.4 77.3 98.6 89.3 74.5 33.5 29.2 251.4 46.0 122.8 111.3 54.1 56.5 33.9 115.0 92.1 94.72008 107.8 103.5 40.8 137.1 71.7 79.2 101.6 90.7 79.3 36.8 33.6 255.8 49.1 129.2 115.9 55.7 61.6 40.1 120.0 94.8 97.32009 111.7 105.8 37.0 130.5 74.5 80.3 104.2 92.2 80.5 30.6 29.6 258.4 51.8 131.6 120.2 57.8 61.8 41.2 118.5 96.6 99.32010 112.0 107.3 37.4 123.6 68.3 77.4 103.1 90.5 78.6 28.5 30.3 265.9 53.5 129.2 118.9 57.1 59.6 42.1 117.8 95.6 98.2

2011 111.7 110.0 41.5 122.3 61.1 74.6 103.3 90.0 76.3 32.2 33.8 272.5 53.8 127.7 121.2 54.7 59.2 43.3 120.5 95.7 98.12012 112.1 110.0 43.9 122.8 55.8 71.1 102.6 86.8 72.5 35.0 36.0 267.5 55.0 125.6 121.9 51.6 56.8 43.8 119.7 94.2 96.52013 113.0 111.9 46.3 124.8 52.9 70.3 102.9 85.3 67.0 36.4 38.0 273.6 57.6 126.1 122.6 52.3 56.8 44.1 120.5 94.5 96.82014 111.8 112.4 47.7 130.2 51.0 69.1 100.8 83.3 63.5 36.9 38.8 277.5 60.8 123.8 121.3 51.7 56.8 43.8 117.8 93.5 95.72015 109.5 109.9 46.9 165.8 48.5 68.8 97.8 80.7 62.3 36.6 38.1 270.9 64.0 120.7 118.2 51.4 55.8 43.6 114.3 91.9 94.12016 112.2 112.4 48.7 169.0 48.4 70.8 98.7 82.6 65.5 37.8 40.1 277.4 67.0 122.9 120.8 53.3 57.7 44.1 116.9 93.9 96.12017 113.7 113.7 52.3 179.2 48.5 72.3 99.1 83.1 67.5 40.0 43.3 275.6 69.8 124.8 121.9 55.1 60.3 45.0 118.7 95.1 97.32018 113.7 114.0 55.8 188.3 48.6 72.7 98.8 82.5 68.6 42.6 45.6 278.6 72.0 126.9 123.3 56.1 62.4 46.5 119.6 95.6 97.62019 113.3 113.6 58.2 193.7 48.1 72.7 99.1 81.4 68.5 43.8 47.6 280.9 72.4 128.7 123.4 56.8 63.2 47.5 119.5 95.6 97.62020 113.8 116.1 58.8 192.4 46.7 70.6 98.4 79.6 67.5 44.4 47.9 280.9 72.3 128.8 125.8 57.4 64.1 48.4 121.8 95.6 97.6

2021 114.5 116.3 59.1 191.3 47.6 70.9 99.3 80.0 66.7 45.4 49.5 279.3 70.2 127.0 124.0 57.5 64.3 48.7 119.9 95.9 97.8

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 D_W 4) ; 1960-91 including D_W 5) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

25

Output


(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))


1960 : : 125.5 : : : : 187.8 : 100.0 : : : : 33.2 126.0 44.4 270.2

1965 : : 135.6 : : : : 186.6 : 100.0 : : : : 31.4 112.1 56.9 225.8

1970 : : 139.5 : : : : 186.3 : 100.0 : : : : 28.8 97.6 81.3 211.1

1975 : : 147.1 : : : : 182.1 : 100.0 : : : : 29.5 83.2 86.5 143.3

1980 : : 129.5 : 21.3 15.6 16.1 155.6 : 100.0 : : : : 21.1 99.8 87.0 116.7

1985 : : 140.3 : 39.2 39.0 43.2 153.4 : 100.0 : : : : 17.9 107.7 131.5 206.5

1990 10.3 14.9 130.3 : 9.9 5.2 5.2 145.4 : 100.0 : : : : 18.1 100.6 122.2 115.1

1991 3.9 14.1 126.4 : 10.2 6.8 4.0 146.6 : 100.0 : : : : 17.4 101.4 134.1 113.4

1991 4.0 14.4 128.7 : 10.4 6.9 4.1 149.2 : 100.0 : : : : 17.7 103.2 136.5 115.51992 3.8 14.6 130.0 : 9.7 6.4 2.4 142.4 : 100.0 : : : : 16.8 97.8 136.4 111.21993 9.0 19.4 134.2 10.9 18.8 12.2 6.0 117.7 77.4 100.0 : : : : 20.8 97.3 172.8 128.11994 7.7 21.2 138.2 14.7 19.2 13.3 6.4 119.1 77.5 100.0 : : 8.4 : 13.9 98.5 179.1 127.01995 9.1 23.4 142.8 19.5 18.1 15.0 6.7 121.4 78.7 100.0 : : 9.7 : 15.8 93.3 174.1 115.71996 5.9 25.8 141.5 20.6 18.0 16.6 6.5 130.0 78.5 100.0 3.8 : 9.3 : 16.4 96.6 151.5 118.71997 5.8 25.3 138.7 22.1 19.4 17.6 6.7 127.2 76.5 100.0 2.8 : 8.3 : 18.0 112.9 147.0 132.61998 7.5 26.5 136.9 22.9 19.4 18.6 7.6 124.4 76.5 100.0 3.1 : 7.7 : 18.0 115.6 130.2 134.41999 6.8 25.9 137.4 21.2 19.7 18.2 6.6 126.3 76.1 100.0 4.1 : 7.9 10.6 16.6 117.8 147.3 141.62000 7.3 26.7 136.9 22.5 20.6 20.0 7.4 131.2 75.5 100.0 5.1 7.3 8.3 4.1 19.0 125.4 170.5 161.4

2001 8.0 29.3 136.4 23.9 23.4 22.0 8.0 120.1 76.3 100.0 5.7 8.6 8.1 7.7 13.6 123.1 149.6 164.52002 8.6 33.0 136.3 25.5 27.3 21.2 8.7 122.0 76.7 100.0 5.8 8.7 8.1 9.4 14.6 123.2 131.9 155.12003 9.2 33.1 137.2 27.3 28.5 19.3 9.1 125.7 77.7 100.0 6.2 9.5 8.3 10.2 15.8 116.5 117.5 133.32004 10.0 34.5 137.6 28.5 30.4 19.8 10.3 125.8 77.8 100.0 7.0 10.1 8.3 10.3 17.6 119.2 111.0 123.02005 11.1 38.2 139.9 30.1 32.1 23.0 13.2 123.8 78.4 100.0 7.7 10.6 8.8 10.7 20.9 120.4 106.3 126.12006 12.1 41.0 140.9 31.7 31.0 24.5 15.6 125.4 78.8 100.0 8.1 12.0 9.1 11.9 21.4 120.9 95.5 125.12007 13.8 43.5 138.9 33.1 33.0 26.8 19.9 126.7 79.8 100.0 8.5 14.2 9.7 13.9 22.8 120.0 83.4 113.62008 16.0 50.8 144.4 36.5 35.4 31.5 23.4 125.8 82.9 100.0 9.8 16.5 10.9 15.9 24.1 106.0 87.2 107.82009 17.2 49.3 145.8 36.4 32.8 28.7 21.4 117.4 83.7 100.0 10.3 16.9 11.5 15.4 22.3 97.1 101.7 117.42010 17.0 50.1 147.3 35.3 33.3 31.6 20.8 134.1 83.6 100.0 10.4 16.9 11.6 14.5 26.7 100.0 112.5 122.6

2011 18.4 51.2 145.9 34.3 33.4 32.4 21.5 142.9 84.1 100.0 10.5 17.3 12.0 16.1 26.3 99.1 113.0 117.32012 18.5 49.5 146.8 33.2 32.4 32.6 21.4 145.2 83.0 100.0 10.7 16.5 11.9 15.1 29.1 106.8 121.2 129.32013 18.5 48.2 147.9 33.0 33.1 32.9 23.1 147.1 83.4 100.0 10.7 17.4 12.7 16.3 30.1 105.0 97.0 128.22014 18.5 46.3 146.5 31.9 33.4 33.2 23.5 140.3 82.6 100.0 10.7 17.3 12.9 15.5 28.3 111.2 88.9 128.82015 18.9 47.3 142.3 31.4 33.8 33.1 24.0 137.3 81.4 100.0 10.6 17.4 13.0 14.9 29.3 120.2 91.6 151.62016 20.1 49.3 146.0 33.0 34.7 32.8 25.5 138.8 83.2 100.0 11.0 18.8 13.8 15.4 29.1 109.6 103.0 154.52017 21.4 52.4 146.8 34.4 37.2 35.2 27.8 138.1 84.6 100.0 11.7 20.0 14.0 16.2 27.2 103.6 97.9 153.92018 22.6 55.2 146.9 35.6 38.7 36.6 29.7 130.8 85.2 100.0 12.6 21.2 14.6 17.3 22.6 103.1 93.2 150.62019 23.9 56.7 146.9 36.4 40.5 37.9 31.6 126.9 85.5 100.0 13.1 21.7 15.0 18.1 22.4 103.8 98.3 160.12020 24.0 55.4 148.3 35.1 39.1 38.1 32.3 124.8 85.5 100.0 13.5 22.1 15.4 19.1 22.1 103.9 103.4 162.4

2021 24.5 54.3 147.5 35.5 39.5 37.6 32.3 121.3 85.6 100.0 13.5 21.6 15.4 19.5 23.2 103.3 99.9 160.7

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 including D_W

26

Output


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 100.8 130.8 : 68.2 58.4 62.2 93.9 87.9 : : : 163.3 : 123.3 102.1 44.1 : : 86.0 : 95.7

1965 101.2 127.2 : 65.6 71.2 71.8 95.2 92.3 : : : 150.9 : 118.5 98.5 48.7 : : 86.1 : 97.7

1970 101.9 122.0 : 65.3 82.5 74.8 97.4 101.3 : : : 141.6 : 118.2 100.9 52.2 : : 87.4 : 99.9

1975 105.5 119.0 : 68.0 90.5 80.7 100.0 99.7 : : : 141.3 : 117.2 106.4 54.9 : : 94.9 : 100.8

1980 107.0 123.1 : 69.1 90.9 73.4 100.8 104.4 : : : 138.4 : 112.4 109.6 57.7 : : 95.9 : 101.6

1985 104.8 124.2 : 70.4 83.0 71.7 99.2 104.5 : : : 145.4 : 108.4 109.9 55.7 : : 100.6 : 100.5

1990 104.2 121.7 : 76.8 74.2 76.3 98.4 104.4 73.2 47.6 49.6 172.9 : 107.0 108.6 65.0 69.0 : 101.2 : 100.6

1991 104.3 124.6 : 76.8 74.6 77.0 97.6 104.5 70.9 41.3 46.1 182.9 57.2 107.3 109.7 66.5 62.0 : 93.5 : 101.2

1991 106.1 113.8 : 78.1 75.9 78.4 99.3 106.3 72.1 42.0 46.9 186.1 58.2 109.1 111.7 67.6 63.1 : 95.1 : 100.81992 106.5 114.3 : 79.6 75.3 78.1 99.7 106.2 76.5 28.7 36.7 185.5 59.9 109.3 111.9 69.3 59.3 35.9 90.8 : 100.91993 105.8 113.3 29.8 82.0 74.1 77.4 99.3 105.9 75.7 26.1 31.1 191.8 62.3 110.6 112.3 69.2 61.5 38.6 90.3 97.3 100.51994 106.3 113.0 29.2 84.5 73.5 77.0 98.8 105.5 76.6 26.5 27.6 191.6 63.8 110.6 111.9 68.4 63.4 39.9 91.3 97.1 100.21995 106.4 112.2 30.4 90.1 73.1 77.2 98.5 106.1 81.0 26.1 28.1 187.7 65.8 111.1 112.3 68.3 64.6 41.2 92.8 97.1 100.11996 104.1 110.8 31.3 94.1 73.9 77.7 97.7 105.5 79.2 26.5 29.2 189.3 66.8 112.2 112.4 68.3 65.4 43.0 91.9 96.6 99.61997 104.3 108.7 34.9 99.7 75.4 78.7 97.8 104.9 78.1 28.4 31.1 188.1 67.8 114.3 111.7 69.4 67.1 44.3 95.8 96.5 99.31998 102.6 107.5 35.4 105.5 75.9 80.4 98.4 105.3 79.0 29.7 32.7 186.7 67.7 116.7 112.3 70.3 67.6 44.7 99.3 96.9 99.71999 103.2 107.5 34.4 109.5 74.9 80.9 98.6 103.8 79.7 30.0 31.7 204.9 68.2 118.7 111.9 71.8 69.2 43.4 100.4 97.0 99.72000 105.8 104.5 35.8 114.9 74.3 82.2 99.3 103.0 81.0 30.5 32.2 210.3 69.6 121.3 111.8 71.8 68.5 43.2 101.9 96.7 99.4

2001 104.8 104.3 37.5 118.5 76.3 83.7 100.1 102.0 83.2 32.8 34.4 203.3 67.0 120.8 108.1 71.1 69.0 45.1 101.2 96.8 99.42002 106.1 103.4 40.8 123.3 79.2 85.4 99.9 100.6 82.5 35.2 36.8 205.7 68.6 120.7 109.2 71.3 70.9 46.6 100.2 96.8 99.32003 106.3 104.0 45.0 124.7 82.1 86.1 96.8 100.2 83.5 37.9 41.5 206.3 71.5 117.4 110.5 71.7 72.5 48.7 99.9 96.5 98.82004 105.7 104.7 47.8 127.7 84.0 86.3 95.9 97.2 85.6 40.3 43.0 211.2 70.4 118.1 111.4 70.8 75.1 50.1 102.9 96.3 98.52005 106.2 103.2 53.1 129.5 81.9 88.4 97.7 96.1 88.9 44.3 46.5 218.2 71.3 120.5 112.2 72.8 76.4 53.1 102.6 96.7 98.72006 104.7 102.9 57.2 131.5 84.7 91.3 96.4 95.9 89.1 46.8 49.0 231.5 69.0 121.7 111.8 73.3 76.3 56.0 102.3 96.9 98.82007 103.9 104.1 62.6 132.1 82.8 91.7 96.4 95.8 92.8 51.2 54.0 237.0 70.4 124.1 111.3 72.7 77.8 59.7 106.8 97.5 99.32008 103.4 104.9 62.2 120.6 84.2 90.7 95.8 96.2 95.0 53.1 56.6 236.3 71.5 126.7 112.7 72.8 80.7 64.4 109.4 97.8 99.42009 106.0 105.2 57.8 116.7 85.2 90.1 97.4 96.4 95.1 47.5 50.9 230.7 73.4 125.1 114.9 74.3 77.2 64.4 106.6 98.0 99.72010 108.6 108.1 59.3 118.0 76.7 86.4 97.9 94.9 91.1 47.9 54.6 233.1 75.8 122.8 114.5 74.3 75.8 68.1 106.2 97.8 99.4

2011 107.5 111.7 65.0 117.8 68.7 83.7 98.3 95.0 87.5 52.0 59.9 241.1 75.1 122.4 116.8 70.3 76.0 68.4 107.5 98.2 99.72012 109.7 112.5 67.8 120.1 65.6 82.3 97.8 93.4 82.6 55.3 63.9 237.5 76.3 122.6 120.6 68.6 75.4 69.9 106.0 97.9 99.32013 109.6 112.9 69.3 120.3 65.5 81.5 99.2 90.5 76.2 57.0 67.0 239.0 78.0 123.6 120.3 70.1 75.2 70.2 104.1 97.8 99.22014 109.9 114.9 71.2 125.0 65.6 82.0 98.2 88.5 73.5 58.3 68.8 246.8 81.6 120.4 119.4 70.3 75.5 70.9 102.1 97.8 99.12015 109.9 113.4 70.0 164.4 64.0 83.1 97.1 87.8 75.4 59.0 68.5 246.8 85.7 119.6 118.8 70.5 75.2 71.2 101.1 97.7 99.02016 109.5 113.8 70.3 162.2 62.6 84.0 96.5 89.9 80.2 59.5 69.6 248.2 87.6 117.7 118.5 71.2 76.3 66.8 101.2 98.1 99.42017 109.0 113.8 72.7 167.9 62.5 85.1 95.9 89.7 81.4 61.2 72.6 242.0 89.5 118.8 117.3 71.0 78.7 66.4 101.9 98.3 99.52018 109.0 113.5 76.0 176.3 63.3 84.5 96.4 89.2 83.1 63.9 74.7 243.1 91.0 120.0 118.6 71.6 80.9 68.0 102.9 98.5 99.72019 108.9 112.8 78.1 181.8 64.0 84.7 97.0 88.7 83.9 65.1 77.1 241.3 91.0 120.2 118.8 72.5 81.4 68.8 102.8 98.6 99.72020 109.4 114.5 78.9 181.0 63.1 83.4 96.5 87.3 83.6 66.0 77.3 243.9 90.5 120.8 121.5 73.5 82.1 69.7 104.6 98.7 99.8

2021 109.6 114.3 78.7 179.9 64.7 83.8 97.6 87.9 82.8 66.8 78.7 238.9 87.9 118.8 119.9 73.4 82.5 70.1 102.2 98.9 100.0

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

27

Output


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 : : 114.6 : : : : 132.1 : 100.0 : : : : 52.5 113.4 54.8 156.2

1965 : : 115.8 : : : : 133.8 : 100.0 : : : : 47.5 104.3 65.8 151.1

1970 : : 112.0 : : : : 127.9 : 100.0 : : : : 46.9 95.5 84.9 138.2

1975 : : 104.7 : : : : 125.9 : 100.0 : : : : 48.4 92.1 87.1 132.0

1980 : : 102.9 : : : : 116.8 : 100.0 : : : : 42.7 89.7 89.9 130.9

1985 : : 110.3 : : : : 119.1 : 100.0 : : : : 44.7 93.7 100.1 137.3

1990 : 70.0 101.8 : : 34.6 29.2 113.0 : 100.0 : : 32.8 : 46.2 95.0 108.0 133.2

1991 38.4 62.6 101.5 : 43.9 31.7 25.3 109.5 : 100.0 : : 30.1 : 45.3 92.4 109.7 129.5

1991 39.1 63.6 103.3 : 44.7 32.2 25.7 111.4 : 100.0 : : 30.6 : 46.0 94.0 111.6 131.81992 36.4 61.7 104.2 : 43.4 32.7 23.5 108.6 : 100.0 : : 27.2 : 47.6 93.4 111.3 133.61993 36.3 62.8 104.5 : 43.5 34.1 24.1 106.4 : 100.0 : : 25.1 : 51.0 96.1 111.9 136.41994 36.3 62.8 107.2 : 43.8 35.0 24.5 107.3 : 100.0 : : 24.7 : 46.3 97.2 109.9 136.91995 36.7 65.2 107.6 37.6 43.6 36.7 25.7 108.7 84.3 100.0 : : 23.7 : 47.9 97.4 110.3 136.01996 31.3 66.8 108.6 39.6 42.8 38.1 26.3 108.8 84.1 100.0 : : 23.4 : 49.5 100.1 111.6 137.21997 25.3 64.7 109.5 41.4 43.2 39.6 24.5 108.3 84.0 100.0 11.3 : 23.0 : 51.2 101.3 109.8 138.11998 26.0 62.8 108.7 41.0 43.8 40.3 23.3 108.2 84.3 100.0 11.8 : 22.9 : 37.6 99.5 105.0 138.21999 23.6 62.1 108.1 39.8 44.1 41.1 22.7 110.7 84.4 100.0 13.6 : 23.2 : 34.9 99.0 102.1 139.82000 24.4 61.5 109.1 42.1 45.1 40.5 22.3 112.1 84.2 100.0 14.8 23.1 23.4 22.9 35.9 100.5 101.6 138.1

2001 25.6 63.8 107.2 42.3 48.1 40.4 23.4 108.3 84.5 100.0 15.7 24.9 22.0 23.6 33.1 101.0 99.5 135.02002 27.2 63.7 107.3 44.3 50.9 41.3 25.2 107.7 84.9 100.0 16.3 25.1 22.3 25.3 32.3 101.8 98.3 133.02003 28.8 66.8 105.9 46.6 53.2 42.2 26.0 108.7 85.1 100.0 17.2 25.5 22.7 26.3 32.7 104.1 99.3 135.72004 30.1 68.6 108.7 47.9 53.6 44.0 29.6 110.9 85.5 100.0 17.9 26.1 23.7 28.0 35.5 105.6 99.8 137.52005 32.6 70.2 109.4 49.0 54.7 44.5 30.7 109.0 86.0 100.0 18.8 26.9 25.1 29.4 37.7 104.6 101.0 141.02006 33.4 70.5 110.8 51.8 54.5 45.0 34.3 111.2 86.6 100.0 19.5 31.1 25.8 30.3 40.1 103.3 97.9 137.42007 35.6 73.7 110.2 54.7 53.8 47.5 38.7 114.7 87.8 100.0 20.6 35.2 26.4 31.7 41.6 100.6 97.1 135.42008 38.4 75.6 112.6 56.7 56.5 50.0 45.8 114.5 88.8 100.0 22.5 37.7 28.7 34.5 43.4 100.0 94.6 131.82009 39.1 77.1 113.2 56.1 58.0 53.6 46.7 112.7 89.4 100.0 24.7 36.6 30.9 35.2 43.0 98.3 92.7 131.92010 39.8 75.1 117.2 53.9 58.8 56.7 46.2 115.0 89.6 100.0 26.2 37.2 31.0 34.9 47.0 99.1 94.9 131.8

2011 41.1 75.6 116.6 54.4 60.1 59.3 47.0 116.9 90.3 100.0 26.8 38.0 30.7 36.1 51.1 97.6 93.5 130.82012 42.1 75.4 116.3 54.8 60.1 61.1 49.1 117.5 90.4 100.0 27.3 36.0 30.9 36.1 53.1 99.4 95.9 133.72013 41.6 76.5 117.3 54.7 61.5 61.3 49.7 115.8 90.5 100.0 26.5 37.3 31.9 36.7 55.7 100.4 97.2 133.22014 42.9 78.9 117.1 54.0 62.6 61.9 50.4 115.0 90.6 100.0 27.5 37.6 32.8 35.8 58.6 100.9 95.1 134.52015 43.6 80.1 116.7 54.7 63.4 63.1 51.4 116.4 90.9 100.0 27.7 38.8 33.0 35.5 61.2 101.1 95.4 135.02016 45.1 80.8 117.0 56.0 62.4 62.9 54.7 113.6 91.3 100.0 27.2 41.0 34.1 35.6 59.7 99.4 89.5 130.42017 46.0 82.7 118.2 57.3 63.4 64.0 58.6 113.1 91.8 100.0 28.1 42.3 33.6 35.6 60.6 98.7 87.2 128.92018 47.3 84.2 119.3 58.6 65.8 65.6 61.1 112.2 92.4 100.0 28.9 44.4 34.7 36.7 59.3 97.9 85.7 131.22019 48.6 85.2 120.4 60.0 68.4 67.7 63.1 111.3 92.9 100.0 29.3 45.6 35.5 38.0 58.5 97.8 85.6 132.32020 49.4 86.6 122.7 59.5 69.3 70.5 65.0 112.7 93.4 100.0 30.4 46.5 37.1 39.8 59.3 97.0 88.7 133.6

2021 49.9 85.6 121.3 60.6 69.5 69.4 64.3 110.1 93.4 100.0 30.0 45.3 36.4 40.0 57.8 96.5 86.3 131.5

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-91 including D_W

28

Output

10. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 4.9 4.4 : 4.2 8.5 7.3 5.7 6.4 : : : 3.5 : 5.1 4.7 5.8 : : 4.8 : 5.5

1971-1980 3.4 2.9 : 4.7 4.6 3.5 3.6 3.4 : : : 2.6 : 3.0 3.6 4.9 : : 4.0 : 3.3

1981-1990 2.0 2.3 : 3.6 0.7 2.9 2.5 2.2 : : : 5.0 : 2.2 2.2 3.6 : : 3.2 : 2.4

1991 1.8 5.1 : 1.9 3.1 2.5 1.0 1.4 0.7 -12.6 -5.7 8.6 : 2.4 3.4 3.4 -8.9 : -5.9 : 2.51992 1.5 1.9 : 3.3 0.7 0.9 1.6 0.7 9.7 -32.1 -21.3 1.8 4.7 1.7 2.1 3.1 -5.5 : -3.3 : 1.41993 -1.0 -1.0 : 2.7 -1.6 -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 0.7 -11.4 -16.2 4.2 4.5 1.3 0.5 -0.7 2.8 7.1 -0.7 : -0.71994 3.2 2.4 -1.6 5.8 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.1 5.9 2.2 -9.8 3.8 5.7 3.0 2.4 1.5 5.3 6.2 4.0 2.4 2.41995 2.4 1.5 4.5 9.8 2.1 2.8 2.1 2.7 9.9 -0.9 3.3 1.4 6.2 3.1 2.7 2.3 4.1 5.8 4.2 2.3 2.31996 1.3 0.8 4.9 7.4 2.9 2.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 2.5 5.1 1.4 4.0 3.5 2.3 3.5 3.2 6.6 3.7 1.6 1.61997 3.8 1.8 13.0 10.9 4.5 3.7 2.3 1.8 2.6 8.9 8.3 5.7 4.9 4.3 2.1 4.4 5.0 5.9 6.3 2.6 2.61998 2.0 2.0 4.3 8.7 3.9 4.4 3.6 1.8 6.1 6.4 7.5 6.0 3.4 4.7 3.6 4.8 3.3 4.1 5.5 3.0 3.01999 3.5 1.9 -0.4 10.5 3.1 4.5 3.4 1.6 5.0 2.8 -1.1 8.5 4.1 5.0 3.6 3.9 5.3 -0.1 4.4 2.9 2.92000 3.7 2.9 10.1 9.4 3.9 5.2 3.9 3.8 6.0 5.6 3.8 8.2 6.4 4.2 3.4 3.8 3.7 1.2 5.8 3.8 3.8

1991-2000 2.2 1.9 : 7.0 2.4 2.8 2.1 1.6 4.7 -3.7 -3.1 4.9 : 3.3 2.6 3.0 1.7 : 2.3 : 2.2

2001 1.1 1.7 6.0 5.3 4.1 3.9 2.0 2.0 4.0 6.3 6.5 2.5 0.6 2.3 1.3 1.9 3.2 3.3 2.6 2.2 2.12002 1.7 -0.2 6.8 5.9 3.9 2.7 1.1 0.3 3.7 7.1 6.8 3.8 3.0 0.2 1.7 0.8 3.5 4.5 1.7 0.9 0.92003 1.0 -0.7 7.6 3.0 5.8 3.0 0.8 0.1 2.6 8.4 10.5 1.6 2.5 0.2 0.9 -0.9 3.0 5.5 2.0 0.6 0.62004 3.6 1.2 6.8 6.7 5.1 3.1 2.8 1.4 5.0 8.3 6.6 3.6 0.4 2.0 2.7 1.8 4.4 5.3 4.0 2.3 2.22005 2.3 0.7 9.5 5.7 0.6 3.7 1.7 0.8 4.9 10.7 7.7 3.2 3.8 2.1 2.2 0.8 3.8 6.6 2.8 1.7 1.62006 2.6 3.8 9.7 5.1 5.7 4.1 2.4 1.8 4.7 11.9 7.4 5.2 1.8 3.5 3.5 1.6 5.7 8.5 4.0 3.2 3.12007 3.7 3.0 7.6 5.3 3.3 3.6 2.4 1.5 5.1 10.0 11.1 8.4 4.0 3.8 3.7 2.5 7.0 10.8 5.3 3.0 2.92008 0.4 1.0 -5.1 -4.5 -0.3 0.9 0.3 -1.0 3.6 -3.3 2.6 -1.3 3.3 2.2 1.5 0.3 3.5 5.6 0.8 0.4 0.42009 -2.0 -5.7 -14.4 -5.1 -4.3 -3.8 -2.9 -5.3 -2.0 -14.2 -14.8 -4.4 -2.5 -3.7 -3.8 -3.1 -7.5 -5.5 -8.1 -4.5 -4.42010 2.9 4.2 2.7 1.8 -5.5 0.2 1.9 1.7 2.0 -4.5 1.5 4.9 3.5 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.3 5.7 3.2 2.1 2.1

2001-2010 1.7 0.9 3.4 2.8 1.8 2.1 1.3 0.3 3.3 3.7 4.3 2.7 2.0 1.4 1.5 0.7 2.7 5.0 1.8 1.2 1.1

2011 1.7 3.9 7.4 0.3 -9.1 -0.8 2.2 0.7 0.4 6.3 6.0 2.5 1.4 1.6 2.9 -1.7 0.9 2.9 2.5 1.7 1.72012 0.7 0.4 3.1 0.2 -7.3 -3.0 0.3 -3.0 -3.4 4.1 3.8 -0.4 2.8 -1.0 0.7 -4.1 -2.6 1.9 -1.4 -0.9 -0.92013 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.4 -3.2 -1.4 0.6 -1.8 -6.6 2.3 3.6 3.7 4.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.9 -1.0 0.7 -0.9 -0.2 -0.32014 1.6 2.2 3.0 8.6 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.0 -1.9 1.9 3.5 4.3 8.8 1.4 0.7 0.8 2.8 2.8 -0.4 1.4 1.42015 2.0 1.7 1.8 25.2 -0.4 3.8 1.1 0.8 3.4 3.3 2.0 4.3 10.9 2.0 1.0 1.8 2.2 4.8 0.5 2.1 2.12016 1.5 2.2 2.6 3.7 -0.2 3.0 1.1 1.3 6.7 1.8 2.6 4.6 5.8 2.2 2.1 2.0 3.1 2.1 2.7 1.9 1.92017 2.0 2.5 5.7 8.1 1.5 2.9 2.3 1.7 4.4 3.8 4.2 1.8 6.5 2.9 2.5 3.5 4.8 3.0 3.1 2.5 2.52018 1.5 1.5 4.8 8.2 1.9 2.4 1.7 0.8 4.1 4.3 3.6 3.1 7.3 2.6 2.4 2.6 4.1 4.0 1.6 1.9 1.92019 1.4 0.6 4.3 5.5 1.9 2.0 1.3 0.3 3.2 2.2 3.9 2.3 4.4 1.8 1.6 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.0 1.2 1.22020 -7.2 -6.5 -6.9 -7.9 -9.7 -9.4 -8.2 -9.5 -7.4 -7.0 -7.9 -5.4 -5.8 -6.8 -5.5 -6.8 -7.0 -6.7 -6.3 -7.7 -7.7

2011-2020 0.5 0.9 2.7 5.0 -2.5 0.0 0.3 -0.9 0.2 2.2 2.5 2.0 4.6 0.6 0.8 -0.1 0.9 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.3

2021 6.7 5.9 5.9 6.1 7.9 7.0 7.4 6.5 6.1 6.4 7.4 5.7 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.8 6.7 6.6 3.7 6.3 6.3


29

Output

10. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 4.8 : : : : 4.6 : 5.0 : : : : 5.7 3.1 10.1 4.3

1971-1980 : : 2.2 : : : : 2.1 : 3.1 : : : : 4.1 2.1 4.4 3.2

1981-1990 : : 2.1 : : : : 2.1 : 2.5 : : : : 5.2 2.9 4.6 3.3

1991 : -9.7 1.4 : : -7.0 -13.1 -1.1 : 1.8 : : -6.2 : 0.9 -1.1 3.3 -0.11992 -7.3 -2.3 2.0 : -2.1 2.5 -8.7 -1.2 : 1.2 : : -6.6 : 6.0 0.4 0.8 3.51993 -1.5 1.3 0.0 : -0.6 3.7 1.5 -2.1 : -0.2 : : -7.5 : 8.0 2.5 0.2 2.81994 1.8 2.3 5.3 : 2.9 5.3 3.9 4.0 : 2.7 : : -1.8 : -5.5 3.8 0.9 4.01995 2.9 6.1 3.0 : 1.5 7.0 7.1 4.0 : 2.4 : : -1.1 : 7.2 2.5 2.7 2.71996 5.1 4.2 2.9 5.8 0.1 6.1 3.9 1.6 1.8 1.8 : : 1.2 6.3 7.0 2.5 3.1 3.81997 -14.2 -0.6 3.3 6.8 3.1 6.5 -4.8 3.1 2.7 2.8 -10.9 : 1.4 7.2 7.5 3.9 1.1 4.41998 4.3 -0.3 2.2 2.0 3.9 4.6 -2.0 4.3 3.0 3.1 8.8 : 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.6 -1.1 4.51999 -8.3 1.4 2.9 -0.8 3.1 4.6 -0.4 4.3 3.0 3.1 12.9 : 4.3 -9.4 -3.4 3.4 -0.3 4.82000 4.8 4.3 3.7 3.3 4.5 4.6 2.5 4.9 3.9 3.8 6.9 : 4.5 6.1 6.6 3.4 2.8 4.1

1991-2000 : 0.6 2.7 : : 3.7 -1.2 2.1 : 2.2 : : -0.9 : 3.7 2.5 1.3 3.4

2001 3.8 2.9 0.8 3.3 4.1 1.2 5.2 1.5 2.1 2.3 8.3 1.1 -3.1 6.9 -6.0 3.0 0.4 1.02002 6.0 1.7 0.5 5.1 4.7 2.0 5.7 2.2 1.1 1.2 4.5 1.9 1.5 6.4 6.4 2.3 0.1 1.72003 5.2 3.6 0.4 5.6 4.1 3.6 2.3 2.2 0.9 1.1 5.5 2.5 2.2 4.4 5.6 3.3 1.5 2.92004 6.4 4.9 2.7 4.2 4.8 5.1 10.4 4.3 2.5 2.3 5.5 4.4 4.7 9.0 9.6 2.4 2.2 3.82005 7.2 6.5 2.3 4.3 4.2 3.5 4.7 2.9 1.9 1.9 5.5 4.2 4.7 5.5 9.0 3.2 1.7 3.52006 6.8 6.9 3.9 5.0 4.0 6.2 8.0 4.6 3.5 3.1 5.9 8.6 5.1 5.1 7.1 2.8 1.4 2.92007 6.6 5.6 0.9 5.3 0.2 7.0 7.2 3.4 3.1 2.8 6.0 6.8 6.5 6.4 5.0 2.4 1.7 1.92008 6.1 2.7 -0.5 1.8 1.1 4.2 9.3 -0.2 0.6 0.2 7.5 7.2 5.5 5.7 0.8 -0.3 -1.1 -0.12009 -3.4 -4.8 -4.9 -7.4 -6.7 2.8 -5.5 -4.2 -4.3 -4.4 3.4 -5.8 -0.4 -2.7 -4.7 -4.2 -5.4 -2.52010 0.6 2.3 1.9 -1.5 0.7 3.6 -3.9 6.2 2.2 2.2 3.7 2.7 3.4 0.7 8.5 1.9 4.2 2.6

2001-2010 4.5 3.2 0.8 2.5 2.1 3.9 4.2 2.2 1.3 1.3 5.6 3.3 3.0 4.7 4.0 1.7 0.6 1.7

2011 2.4 1.8 1.3 -0.3 1.8 5.0 2.0 3.1 1.8 1.7 2.5 3.2 2.3 2.0 11.1 1.5 -0.1 1.62012 0.4 -0.8 0.2 -2.2 -1.5 1.6 2.1 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 1.4 -2.7 -0.5 -0.7 4.8 1.5 1.5 2.22013 0.3 -0.5 0.9 -0.5 2.0 1.4 3.5 1.1 -0.1 0.2 1.0 3.5 2.9 2.9 8.5 2.1 2.0 1.82014 1.9 2.7 1.6 -0.1 4.2 3.3 3.4 2.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 3.6 -1.6 5.2 2.6 0.4 2.52015 4.0 5.3 2.3 2.4 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 3.4 3.9 1.8 6.1 2.4 1.2 2.92016 3.8 2.5 3.2 3.5 2.2 3.1 4.8 2.4 2.1 1.9 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.2 1.9 0.5 1.62017 3.5 4.4 2.0 3.1 4.3 4.9 7.1 2.4 2.7 2.4 3.8 4.7 1.1 2.0 7.5 1.9 2.2 2.42018 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.7 5.1 5.3 4.4 2.2 2.1 1.8 4.1 5.1 2.7 4.4 2.8 1.3 0.3 2.92019 3.4 2.6 2.4 2.9 4.9 4.1 4.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 2.2 3.6 3.6 4.2 0.9 1.4 0.7 2.32020 -7.2 -6.2 -5.9 -9.1 -7.0 -4.3 -6.0 -6.1 -7.4 -7.7 -4.8 -5.9 -3.9 -4.1 -5.4 -8.3 -5.0 -6.5

2011-2020 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.2 1.9 2.8 2.9 1.3 0.6 0.4 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.4 4.4 0.8 0.3 1.4

2021 6.0 5.0 5.1 7.5 6.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 6.1 6.2 4.2 4.4 4.0 6.1 4.4 6.0 2.7 4.9


30

Output

11. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels per person employed



1961-1970 4.4 4.2 : 4.2 9.3 6.7 5.3 6.9 : : : 2.9 : 3.9 5.1 5.6 : : 4.4 : 5.3

1971-1980 3.2 2.6 : 3.7 3.9 4.2 3.0 2.4 : : : 1.4 : 2.3 2.8 4.9 : : 3.6 : 2.9

1981-1990 1.8 1.3 : 3.8 -0.3 1.9 2.0 1.6 : : : 3.2 : 1.5 2.0 3.5 : : 2.7 : 1.7

1991 1.5 2.2 : 2.3 4.9 1.4 1.0 0.6 : -11.9 -7.9 4.5 : 1.1 2.2 0.6 : : -0.4 : 1.41992 1.7 3.3 : 3.0 -0.7 2.4 2.4 1.5 : -26.7 -19.5 -0.9 3.4 0.4 1.6 4.8 : : 3.6 : 2.31993 -0.3 0.3 : 1.2 -2.4 1.9 0.9 2.4 : -4.8 -12.6 2.4 3.6 1.1 1.1 1.4 : : 5.4 : 1.11994 3.7 2.4 1.8 2.6 0.1 2.9 2.2 3.2 : 13.7 -4.2 1.1 5.2 2.9 2.4 2.6 : : 5.7 : 2.61995 0.8 1.1 11.4 5.5 1.2 0.9 1.5 2.7 : 10.6 5.3 -1.1 3.0 1.3 3.0 3.1 : : 2.1 : 1.61996 1.1 0.8 7.5 3.6 3.5 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.7 2.0 4.2 -1.2 2.4 1.1 2.0 1.8 5.3 4.4 1.9 1.1 1.11997 3.1 1.8 13.0 6.7 4.9 0.1 1.8 1.6 2.0 4.3 7.6 2.2 4.6 1.2 1.4 1.7 7.0 7.0 2.8 1.7 1.71998 0.2 0.8 6.3 2.0 -0.5 0.2 2.1 1.1 4.5 6.8 8.3 1.6 3.6 1.7 2.5 1.9 3.4 4.6 3.4 1.3 1.11999 2.1 0.3 4.2 3.8 3.0 -0.1 1.2 1.1 3.1 4.7 1.1 3.5 3.4 2.5 2.0 2.3 3.7 2.5 2.3 1.2 1.02000 1.7 0.7 9.2 4.8 3.6 0.4 1.2 2.0 4.2 9.3 8.5 2.8 7.7 2.6 2.4 1.6 2.0 3.2 3.6 1.6 1.4

1991-2000 1.5 1.4 : 3.5 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.7 : 0.0 -1.4 1.5 : 1.6 2.1 2.2 : : 3.0 : 1.5

2001 -0.3 2.0 5.4 2.1 3.8 0.7 0.1 0.2 1.8 4.6 10.7 -3.0 -1.1 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.6 2.7 1.0 1.0 0.92002 1.5 0.3 6.8 4.3 1.4 0.5 0.3 -0.8 1.6 5.6 3.0 0.9 2.7 0.4 1.7 0.4 1.9 4.4 0.5 0.3 0.32003 1.1 0.4 5.3 1.1 4.3 0.3 0.8 -0.4 -0.9 7.8 8.1 -0.2 2.9 1.3 0.3 0.0 3.3 4.4 1.8 0.5 0.52004 2.6 0.9 7.2 3.2 2.6 0.5 2.6 1.0 1.0 8.1 7.7 1.2 0.1 2.7 2.1 2.5 4.0 5.5 3.4 1.6 1.62005 0.9 0.9 7.1 0.8 -0.3 0.2 1.0 0.8 1.2 9.8 6.9 0.4 2.5 1.8 1.0 1.2 4.3 4.9 1.2 0.9 0.82006 1.4 3.1 4.6 0.4 3.8 0.6 1.0 0.1 2.8 5.8 7.7 1.3 0.3 1.2 1.7 1.2 4.1 6.3 2.1 1.5 1.52007 2.0 1.3 7.4 0.9 1.9 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.6 6.0 8.9 3.8 1.7 1.0 1.9 2.5 3.5 8.6 3.0 1.2 1.12008 -1.3 -0.4 -4.9 -3.9 -1.6 0.9 -0.2 -0.6 0.1 -2.5 4.0 -5.8 0.8 0.4 -0.4 0.0 1.0 2.3 -1.4 -0.3 -0.32009 -1.9 -5.8 -4.7 3.0 -3.8 2.7 -1.8 -2.6 -2.0 0.1 -7.7 -5.3 -2.5 -2.5 -3.3 -0.4 -6.0 -3.6 -5.7 -2.5 -2.62010 2.2 3.8 8.0 6.1 -3.0 3.1 2.0 2.6 1.4 2.3 7.0 3.0 1.8 1.9 1.1 3.2 3.5 7.3 3.8 2.9 2.7

2001-2010 0.8 0.6 4.1 1.8 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.1 0.7 4.7 5.5 -0.4 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 2.2 4.2 0.9 0.7 0.6

2011 0.4 2.7 0.8 2.6 -2.4 2.0 1.7 0.6 0.1 4.7 5.4 -0.4 -1.5 1.0 1.3 0.3 2.6 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.72012 0.3 -0.7 1.5 0.8 -1.1 2.1 0.2 -1.7 0.1 2.6 1.9 -2.7 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 -1.7 1.8 -2.2 -0.1 -0.12013 0.8 -0.4 0.1 -1.6 -0.6 2.0 0.4 0.6 -1.0 0.0 2.2 1.8 1.0 1.1 -0.3 2.0 0.1 1.5 -0.1 0.5 0.52014 1.2 1.3 2.2 5.7 -0.2 0.4 0.6 -0.2 0.1 3.3 1.4 1.7 3.2 1.6 -0.3 -0.6 2.3 1.3 0.1 0.8 0.72015 1.1 0.8 -1.0 20.8 -1.2 0.6 0.8 0.1 1.8 1.8 0.6 1.7 6.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.9 2.8 0.6 1.0 1.02016 0.3 1.0 2.3 0.0 -0.7 0.2 0.6 -0.1 2.0 2.1 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.1 0.8 0.4 1.3 -0.3 2.2 0.5 0.52017 0.3 1.1 3.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.9 -0.9 3.8 5.0 -1.6 -1.5 0.7 0.8 0.2 1.8 0.8 2.0 1.0 1.02018 0.1 0.2 3.5 4.8 0.2 -0.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.2 -0.6 1.2 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.9 2.0 -0.9 0.4 0.32019 -0.2 -0.3 3.0 2.6 -0.1 -0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 2.3 3.4 -1.3 -1.1 0.0 0.4 1.4 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.02020 -6.2 -5.6 -1.4 -5.5 -6.3 -0.7 0.9 -2.2 -5.0 -4.4 -4.6 -6.2 -4.1 -4.5 -4.2 -3.4 -4.4 -3.4 -4.0 -3.2 -3.1

2011-2020 -0.2 0.0 1.4 3.3 -1.3 0.6 0.7 -0.2 -0.3 1.9 1.8 -0.6 0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.8 -0.1 0.2 0.3

2021 5.5 5.2 2.1 4.8 4.0 0.8 -2.3 1.0 3.7 5.5 5.3 2.6 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.0 4.6 4.6 2.6 2.4 2.3

1) 1961-91 D_W 2) Weighted by total employment 3) Weighted by total employment; Former Euro area 12; 1961-91 including D_W

31

Output

11. Gross domestic product at 2015 reference levels per person employed



1961-1970 : : 3.5 : : : : 3.9 : 4.7 : : : : 4.7 2.8 8.6 2.4

1971-1980 : : 1.7 : : : : 1.3 : 2.7 : : : : 2.1 1.9 3.7 1.0

1981-1990 : : 1.6 : : : : 1.4 : 1.8 : : : : 3.5 2.2 3.7 1.5

1991 : : 2.4 : : : -12.6 0.4 : 1.5 : : : : -3.0 2.0 1.3 0.81992 : : 2.8 : : : -5.9 3.4 : 2.4 : : : : 5.0 2.4 -0.3 3.01993 : : 1.7 : : 5.7 5.5 2.7 : 1.5 : : : : 13.6 3.4 -0.2 1.41994 : 1.2 3.3 : : 7.0 4.5 5.0 : 2.8 : : : : -12.6 3.0 0.8 1.81995 : 5.4 2.4 : : 6.0 13.0 2.3 : 1.6 : : : : 4.2 1.3 2.4 1.31996 2.3 3.7 1.9 5.9 0.3 4.8 7.4 2.4 1.4 1.2 : : : : 3.9 1.5 3.0 2.41997 -11.5 0.1 1.9 6.6 2.1 5.0 -5.7 4.4 1.9 1.8 -10.2 : : : 7.5 2.0 0.4 2.21998 5.4 1.4 0.8 2.2 3.0 3.4 1.0 2.5 1.8 1.4 11.0 : 0.0 : 0.4 2.6 0.0 3.01999 -4.1 3.7 2.1 -0.9 1.1 8.9 0.9 2.2 2.1 1.2 15.0 : 5.0 : -4.6 2.0 1.1 2.92000 7.3 5.1 3.0 3.4 3.8 6.2 3.3 2.4 2.3 1.6 6.6 : 4.2 : 8.9 2.2 3.5 2.1

1991-2000 : : 2.2 : : : 0.9 2.8 : 1.7 : : : : 2.1 2.2 1.2 2.1

2001 4.6 3.2 -0.2 4.0 3.9 3.5 6.3 -0.6 1.4 1.0 25.7 : -0.9 6.5 -5.7 2.1 0.8 1.22002 5.7 1.0 0.4 4.2 4.9 5.2 17.7 2.2 1.4 0.6 4.5 : -1.6 10.1 7.3 1.5 1.3 2.62003 2.1 4.4 1.3 3.1 2.1 4.8 2.4 2.8 0.7 0.9 4.8 : 2.1 7.3 6.6 2.3 1.5 2.82004 3.8 5.1 3.2 3.3 6.0 4.0 15.0 5.1 2.2 1.6 4.9 : 12.0 8.6 18.1 1.3 1.6 2.72005 4.3 4.5 0.9 3.3 5.0 1.3 5.0 2.8 1.0 1.1 5.4 : -0.2 13.2 6.6 2.0 0.9 2.22006 3.3 5.4 1.6 1.8 3.2 2.9 5.8 2.7 1.6 1.6 5.6 9.2 0.5 9.2 5.2 1.8 0.7 1.12007 3.3 3.4 -1.4 2.0 1.0 2.4 5.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 -17.3 -10.5 3.4 5.4 3.4 1.6 0.9 1.02008 3.6 0.5 -1.7 -0.4 2.9 0.4 10.8 -0.9 -0.3 -0.5 14.7 4.0 -2.3 -0.6 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 0.52009 -1.7 -3.1 -1.8 -6.7 -4.9 2.4 -1.9 -2.2 -2.4 -2.6 0.1 -3.2 -4.6 4.9 -5.1 -2.7 -4.3 1.82010 4.6 3.3 4.3 2.4 1.3 6.4 -0.7 5.5 3.3 2.7 3.1 4.4 7.2 10.0 2.1 1.7 4.4 3.3

2001-2010 3.4 2.8 0.7 1.7 2.5 3.3 6.4 1.8 1.0 0.7 4.6 : 1.5 7.4 3.5 1.0 0.7 1.9

2011 4.7 2.1 1.4 3.7 1.8 4.4 4.4 0.7 1.9 1.6 3.2 10.3 0.9 8.5 4.2 1.0 -0.1 0.62012 2.9 -1.2 0.9 1.4 -2.4 1.5 0.6 -1.4 -0.2 -0.1 13.4 -5.1 -1.6 0.4 1.8 0.4 1.9 0.42013 0.8 -0.8 0.9 2.1 0.7 1.5 4.4 0.1 0.5 0.6 5.6 3.1 -2.5 -0.8 5.5 1.0 1.4 0.42014 1.5 2.2 0.7 -2.7 -0.4 1.6 2.6 1.3 0.7 0.7 : -5.0 1.2 -11.2 3.5 0.2 -0.2 0.72015 3.6 3.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.3 5.2 2.9 1.3 1.0 : 0.9 2.0 1.2 3.3 0.6 0.8 0.92016 3.3 0.8 1.5 3.2 -1.5 2.2 6.0 0.6 0.8 0.5 : 1.8 1.3 -2.2 0.9 0.4 -0.4 0.12017 1.7 2.8 0.4 0.9 2.4 3.6 4.6 0.0 1.1 0.9 : 2.4 -1.8 -0.7 3.7 0.9 1.2 1.22018 3.2 1.5 1.0 0.8 2.7 4.8 4.2 0.6 0.7 0.3 : 2.8 2.4 3.0 0.9 0.1 -1.3 1.22019 3.0 1.9 1.2 1.5 3.2 4.4 4.1 0.7 0.5 0.1 : 1.5 -1.4 1.8 3.2 0.3 0.2 1.22020 -4.8 -3.2 -4.3 -5.5 -3.4 0.3 -3.6 -3.6 -3.2 -3.6 : -4.7 -2.2 -1.0 -1.1 -5.8 0.0 -0.2

2011-2020 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 2.6 3.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 : 0.7 -0.2 -0.2 2.6 -0.1 0.3 0.7

2021 5.6 4.2 3.6 4.3 4.8 1.8 3.5 3.2 2.7 2.7 : 1.7 2.8 3.3 1.9 4.4 3.7 2.9

1) Weighted by total employment 2) Weighted by total employment; Former EU-15; 1961-91 including D_W

32

Output

12. Industrial production; construction excluded



1961-1970 5.0 5.7 : : : : 5.4 7.0 : : : 2.4 : 7.3 5.6 5.0 : : 7.5 : :

1971-1980 2.2 1.9 : : 6.9 5.1 2.9 3.5 : : : 0.0 : 2.9 4.0 6.5 : : 4.6 : :

1981-1990 1.9 1.9 : 6.3 1.0 1.9 1.3 1.2 : : : 3.7 : 1.4 2.8 4.8 : : 2.8 : 1.7

1991 -1.9 2.9 : 3.4 -1.0 -0.8 -0.1 -0.9 : : : 0.3 : 1.8 1.7 0.0 : : -8.7 : 0.5

1992 -0.4 -1.3 : 9.1 -1.0 -2.8 -0.8 -0.2 : : : -0.8 : -0.2 -1.2 -2.3 : : 0.9 : -1.01993 -5.1 -7.4 : 5.5 -2.9 -4.7 -3.8 -2.5 : : : -4.3 : -1.1 -1.6 -4.8 : : 5.1 : -4.31994 2.1 2.7 : 12.0 1.3 7.3 3.8 5.3 : : : 5.9 : 4.9 4.0 -0.2 : : 11.3 : 4.21995 6.5 1.0 : 19.4 1.8 4.7 3.0 5.4 : : : 1.4 : 2.9 5.1 4.7 : : 6.4 : 3.41996 0.5 -0.1 : 8.1 0.9 -0.7 1.1 -0.9 : : : 0.1 : 2.4 1.0 5.3 : : 1.4 : 0.31997 4.7 2.9 : 17.5 1.9 6.8 4.4 3.3 : : : 5.8 : -0.5 6.4 2.6 : : 6.6 : 3.81998 3.4 4.2 : 19.7 9.0 5.4 4.3 1.9 : : : -0.1 : 1.9 8.1 5.7 : : 5.8 : 4.11999 0.9 1.4 -3.4 14.8 1.9 2.7 2.9 0.1 : : -12.7 11.5 : 3.0 6.0 3.0 -0.5 : 3.8 : 2.12000 5.4 5.1 14.6 14.3 7.1 4.0 4.3 3.2 4.4 : -0.2 4.3 : 5.4 9.1 0.5 6.2 : 8.4 : 4.7

1992-2000 1.9 0.9 : 13.3 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.7 : : : 2.5 : 2.0 4.0 1.5 : : 5.5 : 1.9

2001 4.5 -0.1 8.8 11.0 -3.4 -1.1 1.1 -0.8 4.7 10.6 11.9 5.0 -6.2 1.3 3.1 1.9 2.9 3.4 0.0 0.4 0.42002 0.3 -1.1 8.5 8.2 0.1 -0.1 -1.1 -1.3 1.7 6.9 5.9 4.9 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.5 2.4 7.1 1.4 -0.4 -0.52003 1.6 0.5 11.0 5.7 0.6 1.5 -0.9 -1.0 0.0 7.8 14.6 5.3 4.6 -1.5 1.8 -1.1 1.5 15.6 0.0 0.2 0.02004 7.1 4.3 10.4 1.2 0.6 1.9 2.5 1.0 1.8 7.1 11.6 5.6 -0.9 4.7 7.1 -4.0 4.9 3.6 5.2 3.0 2.92005 3.3 3.0 10.9 4.0 -1.5 0.2 0.1 -1.9 0.5 7.2 7.1 2.2 -5.5 0.4 3.9 5.1 3.4 -0.9 -0.9 0.9 0.92006 6.1 5.3 9.9 3.1 0.8 3.7 0.7 3.1 0.4 6.5 5.9 2.2 7.0 2.0 7.1 -0.7 5.7 15.8 10.1 3.6 3.52007 7.9 5.7 6.5 5.2 2.3 2.4 1.3 2.5 4.8 1.2 2.7 -0.3 7.6 4.3 5.9 -1.2 7.2 16.8 4.6 3.7 3.62008 4.1 0.6 -5.2 -2.2 -4.2 -7.1 -2.6 -3.2 4.5 -3.2 3.5 -5.0 -4.3 0.7 2.2 -5.5 2.4 15.6 1.2 -1.5 -1.62009 -11.2 -16.3 -24.0 -4.5 -9.7 -16.2 -12.8 -18.7 -9.3 -18.2 -14.2 -16.1 -14.5 -7.7 -11.8 -10.5 -17.4 -12.9 -18.0 -14.6 -14.62010 9.4 11.2 23.4 8.5 -6.1 0.9 4.8 6.9 -1.8 14.9 6.2 9.1 8.7 7.7 7.0 1.5 7.2 12.3 5.6 6.9 6.8

2001-2010 3.1 1.1 5.3 3.9 -2.1 -1.6 -0.8 -1.6 0.7 3.7 5.2 1.0 -0.5 1.2 2.6 -1.5 1.8 7.2 0.7 0.1 0.0

2011 4.6 7.1 20.0 -0.4 -5.8 -2.1 2.6 0.4 -7.8 9.1 6.6 1.4 -0.1 -0.7 6.3 -1.6 1.3 5.7 1.7 2.8 2.82012 -1.7 -0.8 1.1 -1.5 -2.1 -6.6 -2.6 -6.0 -9.8 6.1 4.0 -4.9 5.5 -0.6 -0.1 -5.6 -1.2 2.8 -2.1 -2.6 -2.72013 -0.5 -0.1 4.1 -2.2 -3.3 -1.9 -0.9 -3.0 -13.5 -0.8 3.0 -3.2 -4.8 0.6 0.7 1.0 -1.0 1.6 -3.1 -0.9 -1.02014 1.4 1.3 3.9 20.9 -2.0 1.6 -1.1 -1.1 -0.6 -1.1 0.2 4.3 -6.0 -2.8 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.1 -1.8 0.5 0.42015 -0.7 1.4 0.3 36.9 1.0 3.3 1.7 1.7 5.2 3.6 4.4 1.4 -0.4 -3.6 2.4 2.4 5.6 6.7 -0.9 2.2 2.12016 4.5 1.3 3.4 1.8 2.7 1.5 0.7 1.4 9.6 5.4 2.8 0.2 -7.4 1.4 2.3 1.8 6.6 4.7 4.2 1.6 1.52017 2.7 2.8 4.1 -2.2 4.1 2.9 2.1 3.1 8.0 8.3 7.0 3.3 8.6 1.1 5.1 3.4 7.7 3.2 3.2 2.6 2.52018 1.3 1.0 4.0 -0.1 1.8 1.0 0.7 1.4 6.8 1.5 4.8 -1.0 1.7 0.6 5.1 0.4 5.1 4.4 3.4 1.2 1.22019 4.9 -4.9 -2.1 : -0.9 0.4 0.1 -1.0 3.6 0.9 3.4 -3.5 1.5 -0.8 0.4 -2.4 3.3 0.4 1.9 : :

1) 1961-91 D_W 2) ; 1961-91 including D_W

33

Output

12. Industrial production; construction excluded



1961-1970 : : 6.2 : : : : 6.2 : : : : : : : 2.5 13.6 4.9

1971-1980 : : 2.1 : : : : 0.9 : : : : : : : 0.8 4.1 3.0

1981-1990 : : 2.8 : -0.3 : : 1.9 : 1.7 : : : : : 1.6 4.0 2.2

1991 : -21.9 0.1 : -18.3 -16.0 : -2.3 : -0.3 : : : : 3.2 -3.3 1.9 -1.5

1992 : -8.0 3.1 : -9.7 3.5 : 0.2 : -0.6 : : : : 4.6 0.4 -5.8 2.91993 : -5.3 -3.7 : 3.9 4.8 : 0.4 : -3.1 : : : : 5.9 2.1 -3.5 3.31994 : 2.1 10.2 : 9.6 13.1 : 11.6 : 4.7 : : : : -6.3 5.3 1.3 5.31995 : 8.7 4.0 : 4.7 : : 9.9 : 3.3 : : : : 8.6 1.8 3.3 4.61996 : 2.0 1.4 : 3.3 : : 0.9 : 0.6 : : : : 5.9 1.4 2.3 4.51997 : 4.5 4.8 : 11.0 6.3 : 4.5 : 3.4 : : : : 9.6 1.4 3.5 7.21998 : 1.6 2.9 : 12.5 8.4 : 4.7 : 3.2 : : : : 1.3 -0.9 -6.6 5.81999 : -3.2 0.2 -1.2 10.4 6.4 : 2.8 : 1.9 : : : : -3.7 1.0 0.3 4.42000 : 5.3 7.8 1.4 17.0 -2.0 : 5.2 : 4.3 : : : : 6.0 1.8 5.4 3.9

1992-2000 : 0.7 3.3 : 6.7 : : 4.4 : 1.9 : : : : 3.4 1.6 0.0 4.7

2001 2.2 7.4 2.4 6.0 3.8 0.6 3.9 -1.1 0.6 0.0 : : : : -8.7 -1.6 -6.3 -3.12002 4.6 2.0 1.4 5.0 3.2 1.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.6 : : : : 9.5 -1.4 -1.1 0.42003 13.1 3.6 0.0 3.3 6.9 8.9 -0.8 1.4 0.6 0.0 : : : : 8.7 -0.5 3.4 1.32004 12.9 10.5 -1.4 3.3 7.7 12.9 2.7 5.7 3.4 2.6 : : : : 9.9 0.6 4.7 2.72005 6.9 4.0 2.9 4.5 6.8 4.4 -3.1 2.4 1.2 0.8 : : : : 14.0 -0.6 1.4 3.32006 6.0 8.2 3.4 4.1 9.8 12.1 9.3 3.1 4.0 3.0 : : 5.9 4.1 7.4 0.5 4.3 2.32007 9.6 10.7 -3.5 5.0 8.0 9.5 10.2 3.4 4.0 2.9 : : 3.9 4.1 7.0 0.3 2.8 2.52008 0.6 -1.8 -2.3 1.2 0.0 2.6 2.8 -2.6 -1.3 -1.8 : : 5.1 1.5 -0.6 -2.4 -3.2 -3.52009 -18.3 -13.6 -14.4 -9.3 -17.8 -4.0 -5.5 -17.9 -14.2 -13.9 : : -8.6 -12.6 -10.0 -8.8 -21.0 -11.52010 2.0 8.6 2.1 -1.4 10.6 11.2 5.5 9.4 7.0 6.2 : : -4.8 1.2 13.2 2.6 15.0 5.5

2001-2010 3.6 3.7 -1.1 2.1 3.6 5.8 2.3 0.1 0.4 -0.2 : : : : 4.7 -1.2 -0.4 -0.1

2011 5.8 5.9 1.2 -1.1 5.6 6.7 7.5 2.6 3.1 2.3 : -10.2 6.8 2.5 15.4 0.0 -2.9 3.12012 -0.3 -0.9 -0.2 -5.6 -1.7 1.2 2.4 -2.1 -2.2 -2.6 : -7.1 -2.8 -2.3 4.2 -2.4 0.7 3.02013 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -1.8 1.1 2.3 7.9 -4.8 -0.7 -1.1 : 10.6 3.3 5.6 6.6 -1.0 -0.9 2.02014 1.8 5.0 0.6 1.2 7.6 3.5 6.0 -1.7 0.8 0.5 : -11.4 4.7 -7.4 5.8 1.5 1.7 3.12015 2.9 4.3 0.1 2.7 7.4 4.8 2.8 3.6 2.4 1.9 : 7.9 4.9 7.3 6.2 1.0 -1.3 -1.02016 2.7 3.4 4.2 5.3 0.9 2.8 3.1 1.8 1.8 1.5 : -2.9 3.4 5.2 3.4 1.2 0.1 -1.92017 3.4 6.5 2.0 1.4 4.7 6.6 7.9 4.3 3.1 2.5 : -4.2 0.2 3.9 9.1 2.0 2.8 1.62018 0.3 3.1 2.0 -1.0 3.5 5.9 3.5 2.4 1.6 1.1 : 22.4 5.4 1.3 1.1 0.4 1.0 4.12019 0.7 -0.3 2.7 0.6 5.4 4.1 -2.3 1.5 : : : -6.3 3.7 0.3 -0.6 -1.0 :


34

National final uses

13. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices

(Percentage of gross domestic product at market prices)


1960-1970 56.0 55.7 : 73.6 65.7 67.2 56.2 59.2 75.4 : : 50.8 73.2 53.7 58.9 68.4 : : 58.0 : 57.7

1971-1980 53.1 55.8 : 66.4 57.9 64.7 54.3 58.5 72.1 : : 49.8 71.1 51.6 55.9 64.3 : : 53.1 : 56.3

1981-1990 56.0 56.6 : 60.9 62.4 63.3 56.0 58.3 60.9 : : 51.1 64.9 50.6 57.2 64.5 : : 51.6 : 57.1

1991 54.4 56.1

1991 54.8 56.0 : 57.9 66.0 61.3 55.1 57.9 63.7 43.1 53.8 46.5 60.5 49.8 55.4 65.4 54.2 : 53.2 : 56.61992 54.1 56.0 : 57.7 67.6 62.0 55.1 58.9 60.7 37.1 64.9 44.8 60.0 49.6 56.1 65.0 54.5 : 54.0 : 56.81993 53.7 56.7 58.2 56.2 68.0 61.9 55.4 58.4 57.2 49.5 70.0 43.0 59.0 49.7 56.0 66.0 57.8 56.6 53.9 56.9 56.91994 53.3 56.2 58.6 56.0 67.9 61.7 55.0 58.9 56.0 55.0 65.0 42.8 58.4 49.4 55.7 65.5 56.0 53.8 52.6 56.6 56.61995 53.1 55.8 55.9 52.7 68.0 61.0 54.7 58.9 61.9 65.5 63.9 42.8 60.4 49.2 54.9 64.7 59.0 53.3 51.0 56.2 56.21996 53.5 56.3 57.9 53.1 68.0 60.5 55.1 58.5 63.0 68.0 64.2 41.7 62.7 50.0 55.5 65.0 58.4 53.9 51.5 56.5 56.51997 52.7 56.2 57.9 50.4 66.7 60.2 54.1 59.1 62.5 66.9 61.3 41.5 62.1 49.8 54.8 63.9 57.3 52.5 50.1 56.2 56.21998 52.9 55.7 57.3 48.8 67.0 59.7 54.0 59.7 62.4 63.7 61.2 41.4 62.1 50.1 54.3 63.0 56.9 53.4 49.1 56.0 56.01999 52.1 56.2 56.0 47.6 66.7 59.6 53.6 60.4 61.4 65.1 65.0 39.1 62.9 50.8 53.6 63.3 57.4 54.4 48.8 56.2 56.22000 52.3 56.3 54.2 47.2 66.9 59.6 53.9 60.5 61.9 62.5 65.0 37.9 62.9 50.3 53.9 63.4 56.3 54.6 47.8 56.2 56.2

1991-2000 53.2 56.1 : 52.8 67.3 60.7 54.6 59.1 61.1 57.6 63.4 42.1 61.1 49.9 55.0 64.5 56.8 : 51.2 : 56.4

2001 52.4 56.5 54.6 45.8 66.2 59.3 54.1 59.5 61.6 61.8 65.3 38.9 64.1 49.7 54.1 62.8 55.5 55.9 47.6 56.1 56.02002 51.5 55.7 55.3 44.8 66.1 58.7 54.0 59.1 61.8 61.5 64.5 39.0 61.1 50.0 53.5 62.7 54.9 56.0 48.3 55.7 55.62003 51.2 56.5 55.1 44.7 64.8 57.9 54.2 59.4 60.9 61.4 64.4 39.1 61.2 50.0 54.1 63.2 55.0 54.2 49.7 55.9 55.92004 50.2 56.1 55.3 44.0 64.0 58.2 54.1 59.0 61.5 62.7 65.2 37.8 63.1 49.4 53.9 63.6 53.8 56.0 49.4 55.6 55.62005 50.2 56.5 54.2 43.9 66.2 58.1 54.4 59.3 61.6 61.6 64.7 36.3 63.0 48.8 53.8 64.4 53.3 55.0 49.6 55.9 55.82006 50.0 55.7 54.0 44.1 64.2 57.8 54.2 59.4 61.4 64.4 64.4 34.0 63.5 47.2 53.2 64.6 51.1 54.9 49.8 55.4 55.42007 49.6 54.0 52.2 45.5 64.8 57.6 54.1 59.1 63.9 60.0 63.6 32.3 60.5 46.3 52.0 64.9 50.8 54.2 48.6 54.7 54.72008 50.7 54.2 53.1 48.7 67.4 57.5 54.5 59.4 66.8 58.0 65.0 32.9 58.8 45.6 51.8 66.2 51.1 55.8 49.3 55.1 55.02009 51.4 56.4 52.9 47.7 68.1 56.9 55.4 60.4 63.7 60.4 68.1 34.2 61.0 45.7 53.5 64.8 55.0 59.7 52.1 56.1 56.12010 51.4 55.1 52.1 47.6 69.4 58.1 55.4 60.7 65.8 63.1 64.0 32.2 57.8 45.4 53.5 65.9 56.2 57.2 52.6 56.0 55.9

2001-2010 50.9 55.7 53.9 45.7 66.1 58.0 54.4 59.5 62.9 61.5 64.9 35.7 61.4 47.8 53.3 64.3 53.7 55.9 49.7 55.6 55.6

2011 51.5 54.4 50.1 46.4 69.9 58.5 55.0 61.1 65.8 61.4 62.4 31.3 58.7 45.6 53.4 65.9 56.5 55.7 53.2 55.7 55.72012 51.9 54.9 50.7 45.5 69.9 59.5 54.7 61.3 66.9 60.8 62.2 32.2 57.2 45.5 53.5 66.5 57.5 56.1 54.0 55.9 55.82013 52.5 54.6 51.3 45.0 70.8 59.0 54.6 60.9 67.0 61.9 62.4 31.7 55.4 45.5 53.7 65.4 56.1 55.5 54.2 55.6 55.62014 51.8 53.4 50.5 43.0 70.2 59.4 54.3 60.6 69.0 61.3 62.0 30.9 51.1 45.3 53.4 66.1 55.0 55.1 54.5 55.1 55.02015 51.3 52.9 51.3 33.0 69.4 58.5 54.0 60.8 67.9 60.2 62.6 30.1 48.2 45.0 52.7 65.6 54.0 54.0 54.5 54.4 54.32016 51.4 52.6 51.7 33.8 69.2 58.2 54.3 60.1 66.0 60.2 63.0 29.7 46.2 44.6 52.3 65.4 53.9 55.1 54.3 54.2 54.12017 51.4 52.3 50.3 32.2 68.7 58.4 54.0 60.3 65.5 59.8 62.1 29.8 44.2 44.3 52.2 64.6 52.5 55.9 53.2 53.9 53.82018 51.6 52.1 49.7 31.0 68.0 58.3 53.9 60.3 65.2 59.1 61.8 29.8 43.7 44.1 51.8 64.6 51.9 55.9 53.0 53.7 53.62019 51.3 52.2 48.7 30.4 68.0 57.6 53.7 60.2 64.9 59.7 60.9 29.5 42.5 43.7 51.6 64.1 51.7 55.9 52.6 53.4 53.42020 51.2 50.3 48.0 29.4 68.2 56.5 52.7 58.6 64.9 59.5 59.1 30.3 42.5 42.4 52.0 64.3 51.3 55.5 51.1 52.1 52.1

2011-2020 51.6 53.0 50.2 37.0 69.2 58.4 54.1 60.4 66.3 60.4 61.8 30.5 49.0 44.6 52.7 65.3 54.0 55.5 53.5 54.4 54.3

2021 51.0 50.3 48.5 29.0 68.0 57.6 53.5 58.8 64.4 59.7 58.8 29.7 41.7 43.2 52.2 64.1 51.4 55.7 51.5 52.5 52.4


35

National final uses

13. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices



1960-1970 : : 58.2 : : : : 53.8 : 58.7 : : : : 71.8 63.9 51.1 59.8

1971-1980 : : 53.7 : : : : 50.4 : 56.7 : : : : 69.0 61.0 50.7 60.6

1981-1990 : : 52.1 : : 55.9 60.3 49.0 : 57.5 : : : : 65.3 61.7 52.8 62.7

1991 56.8

1991 47.5 50.0 49.9 : : 58.2 62.4 49.3 : 57.2 : : : : 66.0 62.6 51.1 64.01992 57.6 52.0 50.0 : 57.8 60.6 64.4 49.7 : 57.5 : : : : 65.0 63.4 51.8 64.41993 64.5 50.4 49.8 : 59.8 61.9 65.4 50.6 : 57.7 : : : : 64.6 64.1 52.6 64.91994 65.0 49.7 50.9 : 58.2 61.4 65.2 49.6 : 57.4 : : : : 65.4 63.9 53.5 64.81995 57.5 49.0 50.6 69.2 54.0 59.2 69.5 47.8 55.9 57.0 : : 71.4 71.0 65.7 64.0 53.5 65.01996 73.8 49.6 50.2 66.5 53.1 61.1 73.1 47.8 56.2 57.3 94.1 : 73.1 73.4 62.9 64.4 53.3 65.01997 65.4 51.5 49.9 68.3 51.5 62.0 72.8 47.7 56.0 57.5 97.9 : 73.8 71.4 63.6 65.6 53.4 64.51998 56.1 50.6 50.1 65.0 51.9 61.8 77.5 47.2 55.8 57.5 94.6 : 73.3 76.1 64.7 66.3 53.7 64.81999 65.1 51.0 48.7 63.7 54.3 62.4 72.3 47.3 55.9 57.7 86.5 : 70.7 78.5 66.2 66.6 54.8 65.22000 66.5 50.6 47.1 64.0 54.4 63.6 68.8 47.3 55.9 57.8 82.7 85.0 75.5 76.4 67.3 66.5 54.4 66.0

1991-2000 61.9 50.4 49.7 : : 61.2 69.1 48.4 : 57.4 : : : : 65.1 64.7 53.2 64.9

2001 68.6 49.9 46.7 64.7 54.0 64.4 69.2 46.8 55.8 57.6 78.2 91.0 71.9 76.4 65.4 66.4 55.2 66.82002 68.3 49.9 46.9 65.7 54.6 66.3 68.7 46.9 55.5 57.2 80.0 98.2 77.3 73.7 64.4 66.0 55.9 67.12003 68.0 49.9 47.2 63.8 56.3 64.9 68.5 46.7 55.7 57.2 80.3 90.1 79.7 70.8 65.9 65.5 55.7 67.42004 68.4 48.9 47.7 63.1 55.0 64.2 70.2 46.1 55.4 57.0 77.2 88.8 81.0 75.2 65.0 65.4 55.5 67.22005 68.8 47.8 47.8 63.3 54.8 62.9 71.1 46.4 55.6 57.1 76.9 84.8 80.2 74.9 64.1 64.9 55.6 67.12006 66.9 47.0 47.4 60.9 53.3 61.9 68.8 45.3 55.1 56.5 77.6 93.8 79.0 75.9 62.3 64.0 55.9 67.02007 68.5 46.1 47.5 60.0 54.4 60.2 67.4 44.8 54.5 56.0 81.8 88.1 77.3 75.3 62.6 63.8 55.7 67.22008 65.6 47.4 47.4 60.7 53.6 61.8 63.9 45.1 54.9 56.1 83.1 89.9 78.6 75.2 61.6 64.2 56.6 67.82009 63.0 48.6 48.5 59.8 53.6 61.6 63.1 47.5 55.9 57.0 80.9 82.0 76.7 75.2 62.0 64.6 58.5 68.12010 63.6 49.0 47.6 60.1 52.5 61.6 63.8 46.8 55.6 56.8 78.1 81.8 75.5 75.5 63.1 64.2 57.8 67.9

2001-2010 67.0 48.4 47.5 62.2 54.2 63.0 67.5 46.3 55.4 56.8 79.4 88.9 77.7 74.8 63.6 64.9 56.2 67.4

2011 62.2 49.1 47.9 61.2 52.8 61.5 63.4 46.5 55.4 56.5 78.3 81.6 73.9 75.5 63.2 64.3 58.3 68.52012 65.3 49.2 48.0 62.2 53.8 61.5 63.6 46.8 55.6 56.9 78.0 82.7 73.9 75.5 62.4 64.6 58.6 68.02013 62.2 49.4 47.7 62.3 52.3 60.9 61.1 47.0 55.3 56.7 80.0 81.0 71.8 72.9 61.9 64.9 59.0 67.42014 62.5 48.1 47.2 60.5 50.2 60.0 61.5 46.6 54.7 56.3 80.8 80.2 69.8 73.5 60.8 64.5 58.4 67.52015 61.9 46.8 47.1 59.1 48.9 58.4 61.8 45.7 54.0 55.8 80.7 79.2 68.8 72.0 60.4 64.5 56.6 67.42016 60.4 47.0 46.7 58.3 49.8 58.5 62.5 45.3 53.8 55.6 81.0 76.8 66.9 70.9 59.8 65.1 55.7 68.12017 60.1 47.4 46.5 58.1 49.5 58.3 63.0 45.0 53.6 55.3 79.6 74.8 66.7 70.8 59.0 65.0 55.4 68.22018 59.7 47.4 46.7 58.2 48.7 58.1 63.5 44.7 53.4 55.2 78.9 73.4 65.9 69.3 56.7 65.5 55.6 68.02019 59.5 47.4 46.5 58.1 48.3 57.3 63.6 44.3 53.2 54.9 80.0 71.9 64.8 68.1 57.4 64.9 55.2 68.02020 60.1 48.5 46.3 59.3 48.3 56.9 63.2 44.4 52.1 53.6 80.4 69.0 64.6 67.3 58.8 63.2 55.0 67.9

2011-2020 61.4 48.0 47.1 59.7 50.3 59.1 62.7 45.6 54.1 55.7 79.8 77.1 68.7 71.6 60.0 64.6 56.8 67.9

2021 59.6 48.1 46.5 58.6 47.9 56.8 63.3 43.9 52.3 53.9 79.9 73.3 63.0 66.8 57.4 63.8 54.8 70.1


36

National final uses

14. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices per head of population

(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))


1960 118.1 114.2 : 82.9 57.0 42.9 114.2 70.9 60.8 : : 156.8 48.2 91.9 85.1 42.2 : : 104.3 : 88.7

1965 106.4 114.5 : 78.2 58.3 55.6 114.4 78.7 52.0 : : 145.3 38.4 100.0 83.5 40.6 : : 114.3 : 92.3

1970 105.0 123.2 : 75.4 64.8 56.6 111.1 87.9 52.2 : : 137.5 43.7 110.6 81.3 44.5 : : 96.1 : 96.2

1975 114.6 129.0 : 63.2 58.3 68.0 117.1 78.2 39.4 : : 148.1 36.4 120.9 96.4 49.2 : : 106.4 : 99.5

1980 114.5 128.5 : 70.3 57.5 66.1 113.2 80.5 53.1 : : 147.4 44.4 117.9 99.9 35.3 : : 94.9 : 97.6

1985 99.6 121.6 : 73.4 56.0 58.8 109.8 92.1 52.8 : : 136.0 39.8 100.6 105.2 34.4 : : 117.7 : 95.6

1990 95.6 117.5 : 69.3 54.5 72.6 103.0 102.2 53.8 : : 137.9 38.8 90.2 103.8 42.7 : : 121.6 : 97.0

1991 94.9 116.8 : 67.4 55.4 74.8 98.3 104.5 57.0 : : 141.6 38.9 89.1 102.3 48.5 27.8 : 111.5 : 96.6

1991 96.0 109.2 : 68.3 56.1 75.7 99.5 105.8 57.7 : : 143.3 39.4 90.2 103.6 49.1 28.1 : 112.9 : 96.41992 96.7 113.5 : 69.6 57.7 76.3 100.4 104.4 58.6 1.9 2.9 140.3 39.0 90.7 106.8 53.8 27.9 : 92.0 : 97.61993 100.9 122.3 5.8 69.2 59.7 69.6 104.5 92.3 57.0 4.3 4.5 150.5 37.6 96.8 113.8 52.9 33.1 12.4 79.9 93.7 98.11994 103.6 122.5 8.0 71.9 60.4 66.4 103.7 91.2 58.6 7.8 6.3 155.8 38.7 97.7 114.7 52.3 34.7 12.9 85.7 93.5 97.71995 106.9 125.9 10.7 71.8 62.5 66.9 104.3 86.2 66.9 10.1 8.4 159.9 41.9 102.1 118.1 54.5 44.9 14.1 94.9 94.5 98.51996 101.8 119.6 13.4 77.0 64.7 67.5 102.7 93.5 66.1 11.4 10.3 151.9 43.5 100.5 114.7 54.9 43.8 15.0 92.1 93.8 97.71997 96.1 112.1 15.6 83.7 65.8 65.2 96.4 94.9 65.3 13.1 12.8 143.3 45.0 97.7 107.5 54.4 44.0 15.7 90.9 90.3 93.91998 95.7 109.2 16.6 84.4 64.4 65.6 96.2 95.1 67.1 13.5 13.8 140.4 45.7 99.7 106.0 54.8 45.3 16.1 91.1 89.6 93.21999 93.7 107.9 16.7 89.2 65.9 66.8 94.3 94.7 66.7 14.5 14.4 143.4 47.3 102.2 103.8 56.2 46.6 14.9 91.1 89.2 92.72000 93.0 103.6 17.0 95.5 62.9 67.7 92.9 93.8 68.5 16.1 16.5 142.2 50.4 101.5 102.1 56.2 44.0 16.1 89.5 87.7 91.0

2001 92.9 103.8 18.9 99.7 63.9 70.3 93.6 93.9 70.3 17.0 17.8 144.2 51.1 103.0 102.3 56.8 44.7 17.1 91.4 88.5 91.82002 92.0 101.4 21.1 104.5 67.0 71.7 93.6 94.4 71.0 18.2 19.2 147.9 49.3 104.8 101.4 57.9 46.4 18.5 93.0 88.5 91.72003 92.8 102.4 23.5 108.9 70.9 73.6 95.0 96.5 73.0 18.8 21.0 151.3 49.3 105.6 103.3 59.0 48.3 20.3 96.7 90.1 93.22004 92.2 100.5 25.5 108.8 72.9 75.3 94.7 95.4 75.8 20.8 22.7 148.4 49.3 103.5 102.9 59.5 48.1 23.3 96.6 89.6 92.62005 92.6 99.2 28.2 112.0 74.8 77.0 94.9 95.0 78.2 23.5 25.5 146.0 50.0 102.8 103.7 60.7 48.4 25.1 97.2 89.7 92.62006 92.7 98.3 32.6 114.9 76.3 78.6 94.7 94.8 79.9 30.1 28.5 145.9 50.7 101.4 103.6 61.3 48.1 27.9 98.3 89.8 92.52007 93.2 96.8 37.0 118.4 79.3 79.6 95.3 94.2 85.1 35.9 33.2 145.1 49.7 101.7 103.4 62.7 51.3 32.9 99.8 90.0 92.52008 97.4 100.0 38.6 118.9 86.1 81.1 98.6 96.1 94.4 38.0 38.9 150.0 51.5 105.1 107.0 65.7 56.0 39.9 105.5 93.1 95.42009 100.7 104.8 34.4 109.3 89.0 80.2 101.3 97.8 89.9 32.4 35.4 154.9 55.4 105.5 112.8 65.7 59.7 43.1 108.5 95.2 97.72010 101.5 104.2 34.4 103.6 83.5 79.2 100.6 96.8 91.1 31.7 34.2 150.9 54.5 103.5 112.1 66.3 59.0 42.5 109.3 94.3 96.7

2011 101.8 105.8 36.7 100.4 75.5 77.2 100.4 97.3 88.8 34.9 37.3 151.0 55.9 103.1 114.4 63.7 59.2 42.6 113.3 94.3 96.62012 102.4 106.3 39.1 98.2 68.6 74.4 98.7 93.6 85.3 37.5 39.3 151.5 55.3 100.6 114.6 60.3 57.4 43.2 113.8 92.6 94.82013 104.6 107.7 41.9 99.2 66.0 73.1 99.3 91.7 79.3 39.8 41.8 153.0 56.3 101.3 116.1 60.4 56.2 43.2 115.3 92.7 94.92014 103.0 106.8 42.8 99.5 63.7 72.9 97.3 89.7 77.9 40.2 42.7 152.5 55.3 99.7 115.1 60.8 55.5 42.8 114.2 91.5 93.62015 100.7 104.1 43.1 98.1 60.3 72.0 94.7 87.9 75.7 39.5 42.6 146.2 55.2 97.3 111.5 60.3 54.0 42.2 111.5 89.5 91.52016 103.7 106.4 45.3 102.7 60.2 74.1 96.4 89.3 77.7 40.9 45.4 148.1 55.7 98.6 113.6 62.8 56.0 43.7 114.2 91.5 93.52017 105.8 107.6 47.6 104.3 60.3 76.4 96.9 90.6 80.0 43.3 48.7 148.7 55.8 100.1 115.2 64.4 57.3 45.5 114.3 92.8 94.82018 106.3 107.7 50.2 105.9 59.9 76.8 96.5 90.2 81.1 45.6 51.1 150.3 57.0 101.4 115.7 65.7 58.7 47.2 114.8 93.0 94.92019 106.0 108.1 51.6 107.3 59.6 76.2 96.9 89.2 81.0 47.6 52.8 150.9 56.1 102.4 116.1 66.4 59.5 48.4 114.5 93.0 94.92020 108.7 109.0 52.7 105.7 59.5 74.5 96.9 87.0 81.8 49.3 52.8 158.7 57.4 101.8 122.1 69.0 61.4 50.1 116.1 93.0 94.8

2021 108.4 108.4 53.1 102.7 59.9 75.7 98.5 87.2 79.6 50.2 53.9 153.8 54.3 101.7 119.9 68.3 61.3 50.3 114.4 93.2 95.0

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 D_W 4) ; 1960-91 including D_W 5) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

37

National final uses


(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))


1960 : : 125.8 : : : : 176.3 : 100.0 : : : : 40.8 137.5 39.0 274.0

1965 : : 132.3 : : : : 169.3 : 100.0 : : : : 38.6 122.1 51.1 229.5

1970 : : 136.5 : : : : 168.5 : 100.0 : : : : 34.9 104.1 68.0 225.8

1975 : : 138.4 : : : : 157.4 : 100.0 : : : : 34.9 90.7 77.8 153.1

1980 : : 122.1 : : 17.9 16.7 133.3 : 100.0 : : : : 27.8 104.5 80.4 124.7

1985 : : 127.8 : : 35.0 43.4 128.2 : 100.0 : : : : 20.7 114.6 120.6 224.0

1990 : 14.0 114.6 : : 4.3 6.2 122.9 : 100.0 : : : : 20.6 110.0 111.5 130.0

1991 3.3 12.4 111.0 : : 7.0 4.4 127.2 : 100.0 : : : : 20.2 111.7 120.6 127.8

1991 3.3 12.6 112.4 : : 7.1 4.5 128.8 : 100.0 : : : : 20.4 113.0 122.0 129.41992 3.8 13.2 113.1 : 9.8 6.8 2.6 123.0 : 100.0 : : : : 19.0 107.9 123.0 124.51993 10.1 16.9 115.9 : 19.5 13.1 6.8 103.3 : 100.0 : : : : 23.3 108.2 157.6 144.31994 8.7 18.3 122.6 : 19.4 14.2 7.3 102.9 : 100.0 : : : : 15.9 109.7 167.0 143.31995 9.2 20.1 126.7 23.7 17.2 15.6 8.1 101.8 77.2 100.0 : : 12.1 : 18.2 104.9 163.5 131.91996 7.5 22.3 123.9 23.9 16.6 17.7 8.3 108.5 77.0 100.0 6.3 : 11.9 : 18.0 108.5 140.8 134.71997 6.6 22.7 120.5 26.3 17.4 18.9 8.5 105.7 74.5 100.0 4.8 : 10.6 : 19.9 128.8 136.5 149.01998 7.3 23.4 119.4 26.0 17.5 20.0 10.2 102.1 74.2 100.0 5.1 : 9.8 : 20.2 133.3 121.7 151.61999 7.7 22.9 116.1 23.5 18.5 19.7 8.2 103.5 73.8 100.0 6.2 : 9.6 14.4 19.0 136.0 139.9 160.12000 8.3 23.4 111.5 24.9 19.4 22.0 8.8 107.4 73.1 100.0 7.3 10.7 10.8 5.4 22.1 144.3 160.5 184.3

2001 9.5 25.4 110.7 26.9 21.9 24.7 9.6 97.6 74.0 100.0 7.7 13.5 10.1 10.2 15.4 142.0 143.5 190.72002 10.2 28.7 111.9 29.3 26.0 24.6 10.4 100.0 74.5 100.0 8.2 14.9 10.9 12.1 16.4 142.1 128.9 182.12003 10.9 28.9 113.3 30.4 28.1 21.9 10.9 102.8 75.7 100.0 8.7 15.0 11.5 12.6 18.2 133.4 114.5 157.12004 11.9 29.6 115.2 31.6 29.4 22.3 12.7 101.9 75.6 100.0 9.5 15.7 11.8 13.6 20.1 136.8 108.1 145.12005 13.3 32.0 117.1 33.4 30.8 25.3 16.5 100.7 76.4 100.0 10.3 15.8 12.4 14.0 23.4 136.8 103.6 148.22006 14.3 34.1 118.2 34.1 29.3 26.8 18.9 100.3 76.8 100.0 11.1 19.9 12.7 16.0 23.5 136.9 94.3 148.32007 16.8 35.8 117.9 35.6 32.1 28.8 23.9 101.4 77.7 100.0 12.5 22.4 13.4 18.7 25.5 136.8 82.9 136.32008 18.7 42.9 121.9 39.5 33.8 34.7 26.7 101.1 81.1 100.0 14.5 26.5 15.2 21.4 26.5 121.4 88.0 130.32009 19.0 42.1 124.0 38.2 30.9 31.0 23.7 97.9 82.1 100.0 14.6 24.3 15.5 20.4 24.3 110.2 104.4 140.32010 19.0 43.2 123.6 37.3 30.8 34.2 23.4 110.7 82.0 100.0 14.3 24.4 15.5 19.3 29.7 113.2 114.5 146.8

2011 20.3 44.5 123.6 37.1 31.2 35.2 24.1 117.4 82.4 100.0 14.5 24.9 15.7 21.4 29.4 112.6 116.4 142.12012 21.3 42.9 124.0 36.3 30.7 35.2 24.0 119.5 81.2 100.0 14.6 24.0 15.4 20.0 31.9 121.3 125.0 154.62013 20.3 42.0 124.5 36.2 30.6 35.4 24.9 121.9 81.4 100.0 15.1 24.8 16.0 21.0 32.9 120.2 101.0 152.62014 20.5 39.6 122.8 34.3 29.8 35.4 25.7 116.3 80.4 100.0 15.4 24.7 16.0 20.2 30.6 127.4 92.2 154.42015 20.9 39.7 120.1 33.2 29.6 34.7 26.5 112.4 78.7 100.0 15.3 24.7 16.0 19.2 31.6 138.7 92.8 183.02016 21.9 41.7 122.5 34.6 31.1 34.5 28.7 113.0 80.5 100.0 16.0 25.9 16.6 19.6 31.3 128.3 103.2 189.32017 23.3 45.0 123.7 36.2 33.3 37.2 31.6 112.4 82.1 100.0 16.8 27.1 16.9 20.7 29.1 121.9 98.2 189.92018 24.4 47.4 124.2 37.6 34.1 38.5 34.2 105.9 82.5 100.0 18.1 28.2 17.4 21.8 23.3 122.3 93.9 185.62019 25.9 49.0 124.5 38.6 35.6 39.5 36.6 102.4 82.8 100.0 19.2 28.4 17.7 22.5 23.5 122.7 98.8 198.22020 27.0 50.2 128.2 38.9 35.2 40.5 38.1 103.3 83.1 100.0 20.3 28.5 18.6 24.0 24.3 122.6 106.0 205.8

2021 27.1 48.4 127.3 38.5 35.1 39.5 37.9 98.8 83.0 100.0 20.0 29.3 18.0 24.2 24.7 122.2 101.4 208.9

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 including D_W

38

National final uses


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 99.8 121.7 : 87.8 70.6 70.7 88.8 88.1 : : : 131.6 : 108.0 101.7 52.5 : : 83.3 : 93.8

1965 95.2 119.7 : 80.9 77.5 83.3 89.8 92.6 : : : 133.9 : 107.9 99.6 56.5 : : 87.0 : 96.3

1970 93.0 116.2 : 80.5 87.9 84.7 93.0 104.1 : : : 113.5 : 109.8 98.0 59.8 : : 83.8 : 99.1

1975 96.5 116.4 : 76.5 90.5 90.0 94.2 102.7 : : : 127.0 : 103.8 104.1 63.6 : : 86.9 : 100.0

1980 101.3 122.1 : 80.0 94.6 83.2 95.5 106.3 : : : 126.8 : 102.1 107.1 64.0 : : 86.1 : 101.5

1985 103.7 122.4 : 73.8 84.9 78.3 97.0 105.3 : : : 133.0 : 95.4 109.6 62.0 : : 90.5 : 100.2

1990 99.4 117.6 : 77.7 86.6 82.5 95.6 105.6 75.0 60.8 47.5 141.4 : 93.1 106.9 71.9 63.9 : 89.2 : 99.7

1991 100.2 119.0 : 78.0 86.4 82.9 94.3 106.1 79.2 31.2 43.5 149.0 60.7 93.7 106.7 76.3 58.9 : 87.2 : 100.1

1991 101.4 111.2 : 78.9 87.5 83.8 95.4 107.3 80.1 31.5 44.0 150.8 61.4 94.8 107.9 77.2 59.6 : 88.2 : 99.81992 99.9 111.0 : 79.7 88.2 83.9 95.2 108.3 80.4 18.5 41.2 144.0 62.3 94.0 108.8 78.0 56.0 : 85.0 : 99.81993 97.9 110.8 29.9 79.5 87.0 82.7 94.8 106.7 74.6 22.3 37.5 142.4 63.4 94.8 108.6 78.7 61.4 37.7 83.9 96.1 99.21994 98.1 110.0 29.6 81.9 86.4 82.3 94.1 107.7 74.3 25.2 31.1 141.8 64.5 94.6 107.9 77.5 61.5 37.2 83.1 95.8 98.81995 98.3 109.1 29.6 82.7 86.6 82.0 93.8 108.8 87.3 29.7 31.3 139.9 69.2 95.2 107.4 76.9 66.3 38.2 82.4 95.8 98.71996 96.5 108.2 31.4 86.7 87.1 81.5 93.4 107.0 86.6 31.2 32.5 137.0 72.6 97.3 108.2 77.0 66.3 40.2 82.2 95.3 98.11997 95.3 106.0 35.1 87.3 87.3 82.3 91.9 107.7 84.8 33.0 33.1 135.5 73.1 98.8 106.2 76.9 66.8 40.4 83.3 94.7 97.41998 94.4 104.0 35.2 89.4 88.4 83.4 92.2 109.3 85.6 32.9 34.8 134.3 73.1 101.6 106.0 76.9 66.8 41.5 84.7 94.9 97.61999 93.1 104.7 33.4 90.4 86.6 83.6 91.6 108.8 84.8 33.8 35.7 138.7 74.4 104.5 104.1 78.8 68.9 41.0 85.0 95.0 97.72000 95.9 102.0 33.7 93.9 86.1 84.9 92.7 108.1 86.9 33.0 36.3 138.1 75.8 105.8 104.4 78.9 66.9 40.9 84.5 94.8 97.4

2001 95.5 102.4 35.6 94.4 87.8 86.3 94.2 105.6 89.2 35.3 39.1 137.4 74.8 104.5 101.8 77.6 66.6 43.8 83.7 94.9 97.32002 95.7 100.8 39.5 96.7 91.7 87.7 94.4 104.1 89.2 37.9 41.5 140.4 73.4 105.7 102.3 78.3 68.1 45.7 84.6 94.8 97.12003 95.0 102.6 43.3 97.4 92.9 87.0 91.7 103.9 88.7 40.6 46.7 140.8 76.4 102.4 104.4 79.1 69.6 46.1 86.6 94.7 96.92004 93.1 103.0 46.3 98.5 94.2 88.2 90.8 100.5 92.2 44.3 49.2 140.0 78.0 102.3 105.2 79.0 70.8 49.2 89.1 94.4 96.42005 93.3 102.2 50.4 99.4 94.8 89.9 93.0 99.8 95.8 47.7 52.7 138.6 78.6 102.9 105.6 82.1 71.2 51.1 89.2 94.9 96.92006 92.6 101.3 54.6 102.6 96.2 93.2 92.4 100.6 96.7 53.2 55.8 138.9 77.4 101.6 105.2 83.6 68.9 54.3 90.1 95.4 97.22007 92.2 100.4 58.4 107.4 95.9 94.4 93.2 101.2 106.1 54.9 61.3 136.8 76.1 102.7 103.5 84.2 70.7 57.8 92.8 95.9 97.52008 93.1 101.0 58.7 104.3 100.7 92.6 92.7 101.6 112.7 54.7 65.4 138.1 74.7 102.7 103.8 85.6 73.2 63.9 95.8 96.2 97.62009 95.1 103.7 53.4 97.4 101.5 89.6 94.2 101.8 105.9 50.2 60.6 137.7 78.2 99.9 107.4 84.1 74.2 67.2 97.1 96.6 98.12010 98.0 104.5 54.2 98.5 93.4 88.0 95.0 101.1 105.1 53.0 61.3 131.6 76.9 97.9 107.5 85.9 74.7 68.3 98.0 96.5 97.9

2011 97.6 107.0 57.2 96.2 84.5 86.2 95.2 102.2 101.4 56.2 65.8 133.0 77.6 98.3 109.7 81.5 75.6 67.1 100.6 96.7 98.12012 99.9 108.2 60.2 95.7 80.4 85.9 93.7 100.3 96.8 58.9 69.7 134.0 76.5 97.8 113.0 79.9 75.9 68.7 100.4 96.4 97.72013 101.1 108.3 62.5 95.2 81.5 84.4 95.3 96.9 89.8 61.9 73.4 133.1 75.9 98.8 113.5 80.6 74.2 68.5 99.2 96.1 97.32014 100.9 108.8 63.7 95.2 81.6 86.3 94.5 95.0 89.8 63.3 75.6 135.2 73.9 96.6 112.9 82.4 73.5 69.2 98.6 96.0 97.12015 101.0 107.3 64.3 97.2 79.5 87.0 94.0 95.5 91.7 63.7 76.8 133.2 73.9 96.4 112.0 82.8 72.7 68.9 98.5 95.7 96.82016 100.8 107.4 65.2 98.2 77.7 87.7 93.9 96.9 94.8 64.1 78.7 132.1 72.6 94.2 111.1 83.5 73.7 65.9 98.5 95.9 97.02017 100.9 107.2 65.8 97.2 77.3 89.4 93.2 97.3 96.0 65.9 81.2 129.9 71.2 94.9 110.3 82.6 74.4 66.8 97.7 96.0 97.12018 101.4 106.7 68.0 98.6 77.6 88.8 93.7 97.0 97.7 68.1 83.2 130.5 71.7 95.5 110.7 83.3 75.7 68.6 98.3 96.1 97.12019 101.3 106.8 69.0 100.3 78.8 88.4 94.4 96.8 98.7 70.4 85.1 129.0 70.1 95.2 111.2 84.3 76.3 69.7 98.0 96.3 97.22020 103.9 107.0 70.4 99.0 80.0 87.5 94.5 95.0 100.8 72.9 84.8 137.1 71.5 95.1 117.4 87.8 78.2 71.8 99.2 96.4 97.3

2021 103.2 105.9 70.4 96.1 81.1 89.0 96.3 95.4 98.4 73.5 85.4 130.9 67.7 94.7 115.4 86.8 78.2 72.0 97.1 96.6 97.5

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

39

National final uses


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 : : 114.3 : : : : 123.5 : 100.0 : : : : 64.1 123.3 47.9 157.7

1965 : : 112.3 : : : : 120.5 : 100.0 : : : : 58.1 112.9 58.7 152.5

1970 : : 108.6 : : : : 114.7 : 100.0 : : : : 56.3 101.0 70.4 146.5

1975 : : 97.4 : : : : 107.5 : 100.0 : : : : 56.5 99.2 77.4 139.3

1980 : : 96.2 : : : : 99.3 : 100.0 : : : : 55.9 93.2 82.4 138.7

1985 : : 100.1 : : : : 99.1 : 100.0 : : : : 51.3 99.2 91.3 148.3

1990 : 65.7 89.1 : : 28.6 34.8 95.0 : 100.0 : : : : 52.2 103.4 98.0 149.7

1991 32.0 54.8 88.9 : : 32.3 27.7 94.7 : 100.0 : : : : 52.4 101.5 98.3 145.5

1991 32.4 55.5 90.0 : : 32.7 28.0 95.8 : 100.0 : : : : 53.0 102.6 99.5 147.21992 36.3 55.6 90.3 : 43.5 34.3 26.3 93.5 : 100.0 : : : : 53.7 102.7 100.0 149.11993 40.4 54.7 89.8 : 44.9 36.4 27.2 92.9 : 100.0 : : : : 56.8 106.4 101.5 152.81994 40.8 54.0 94.5 : 44.1 37.3 27.6 92.2 : 100.0 : : : : 52.4 107.7 101.8 153.61995 36.7 55.7 94.7 45.4 41.0 37.8 31.1 90.5 83.0 100.0 : : 29.5 : 54.8 108.6 102.8 153.91996 40.1 57.5 94.5 45.7 39.4 40.4 33.3 90.2 83.1 100.0 : : 29.7 : 54.0 111.8 103.0 154.61997 28.7 57.9 95.0 49.1 38.6 42.6 30.9 89.8 82.6 100.0 19.1 : 29.4 : 56.5 115.3 101.8 154.81998 25.4 55.2 94.7 46.4 39.5 43.3 31.5 88.7 82.7 100.0 19.5 : 29.2 : 42.3 114.6 98.0 155.71999 26.6 55.0 91.3 44.0 41.5 44.4 28.4 90.7 82.8 100.0 20.4 : 28.4 : 40.1 114.3 97.0 158.02000 28.2 53.9 89.0 46.7 42.6 44.7 26.6 91.8 82.6 100.0 21.3 34.0 30.6 30.3 41.9 115.8 95.8 157.9

2001 30.6 55.4 87.1 47.6 45.1 45.2 28.2 88.2 82.9 100.0 21.3 39.4 27.5 31.3 37.6 116.7 95.6 156.82002 32.5 55.6 88.2 50.9 48.6 47.9 30.2 88.4 83.5 100.0 22.9 43.2 30.2 32.6 36.3 117.6 96.1 156.32003 34.1 58.2 87.4 51.9 52.3 47.8 31.1 88.7 83.7 100.0 24.1 40.1 31.6 32.5 37.6 119.1 96.5 159.62004 36.1 58.7 90.9 53.0 51.7 49.5 36.5 89.7 84.1 100.0 24.2 40.7 33.6 36.9 40.4 121.1 97.2 162.12005 39.2 58.8 91.5 54.3 52.5 49.0 38.3 88.6 84.7 100.0 25.3 40.0 35.3 38.5 42.3 118.8 98.3 165.62006 39.5 58.5 92.9 55.7 51.4 49.2 41.7 89.0 85.3 100.0 26.7 51.6 36.0 40.7 44.1 117.0 96.7 162.82007 43.6 60.6 93.5 58.7 52.3 51.1 46.6 91.9 86.4 100.0 30.1 55.5 36.5 42.7 46.6 114.7 96.7 162.52008 44.8 63.6 94.8 61.1 53.8 54.8 52.0 91.7 87.4 100.0 33.1 60.3 40.1 46.1 47.5 114.1 95.2 158.82009 43.0 65.5 95.9 58.6 54.4 57.6 51.5 93.6 88.1 100.0 35.0 52.4 41.5 46.2 46.6 111.0 94.8 157.02010 44.4 64.5 97.9 56.8 54.2 61.2 51.8 94.5 88.3 100.0 36.0 53.3 41.0 46.2 52.0 111.6 96.2 157.1

2011 45.0 65.3 98.4 58.7 55.9 64.2 52.5 95.6 89.0 100.0 36.9 54.6 39.9 48.0 56.8 110.4 95.8 157.72012 48.2 65.0 97.9 59.7 56.7 65.8 54.8 96.4 89.1 100.0 37.3 52.2 40.0 47.8 58.1 112.4 98.5 159.32013 45.5 66.5 98.3 59.8 56.5 65.6 53.4 95.5 88.8 100.0 37.3 53.1 40.3 47.0 60.6 114.4 100.7 157.82014 47.5 67.2 97.9 57.9 55.6 65.8 54.9 95.1 88.8 100.0 39.4 53.4 40.6 46.7 63.1 115.2 98.4 160.82015 48.3 67.2 98.4 57.8 55.5 66.0 56.8 95.3 88.7 100.0 40.1 55.0 40.7 45.7 66.1 116.7 96.6 162.92016 48.8 68.1 97.9 58.5 55.7 66.0 61.3 92.2 89.1 100.0 39.5 56.4 40.9 45.3 64.0 116.0 89.3 159.22017 49.9 70.6 99.0 59.9 56.5 67.2 66.5 91.6 89.7 100.0 40.3 57.0 40.3 45.4 64.4 115.6 87.1 158.22018 50.9 72.1 100.3 61.5 57.8 68.8 69.9 90.3 90.1 100.0 41.2 58.8 41.2 45.9 60.6 115.6 86.0 161.02019 52.5 73.2 101.5 63.2 59.9 70.3 72.8 89.4 90.6 100.0 42.5 59.4 41.7 46.9 60.8 115.0 85.7 163.02020 55.2 78.0 105.6 65.6 62.2 74.5 76.3 92.9 91.6 100.0 45.4 59.6 44.5 49.7 64.8 113.9 90.5 168.6

2021 54.9 75.9 104.1 65.4 61.4 72.7 75.2 89.2 91.4 100.0 44.2 61.2 42.2 49.3 61.2 113.5 87.1 170.0

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-91 including D_W

40

National final uses

16. Private final consumption expenditure at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 3.7 5.1 : 3.4 7.1 7.3 5.4 6.4 : : : 4.4 : 6.2 4.1 5.3 : : 5.2 : 5.6

1971-1980 4.0 3.4 : 4.1 5.2 3.8 3.7 3.6 : : : 4.1 : 3.3 4.1 4.9 : : 3.3 : 3.6

1981-1990 2.0 2.1 : 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 : : : 2.9 : 1.2 2.3 4.0 : : 3.6 : 2.3

1991 3.0 4.4 : 1.8 2.8 2.9 0.7 2.6 : : : 7.0 : 2.7 3.0 8.3 -10.9 : -3.0 : 2.71992 1.9 2.9 : 2.9 2.3 2.2 1.1 1.6 : : : -2.3 : 0.7 3.5 3.6 -3.6 : -4.2 : 1.91993 -0.4 0.1 : 2.9 -0.7 -1.9 -0.1 -3.0 : : : 2.0 : 0.8 0.1 0.6 13.8 : -2.7 : -0.81994 2.4 1.4 0.9 4.4 2.0 1.1 1.7 1.5 : : : 4.0 : 2.0 2.0 0.8 4.0 : 2.6 : 1.61995 1.6 1.5 5.1 3.4 2.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 24.4 : : 1.9 : 2.7 0.9 1.7 9.1 5.4 4.9 : 1.71996 2.0 1.6 9.8 7.1 2.7 2.5 2.0 1.0 3.7 5.6 6.3 2.0 7.1 4.9 2.9 3.5 2.8 7.8 3.8 2.1 2.01997 1.5 0.7 13.2 6.4 4.5 2.8 0.5 3.5 2.5 5.4 5.6 2.6 1.6 4.2 0.4 3.4 2.9 3.8 3.5 1.9 1.81998 3.1 1.4 3.6 7.8 4.6 4.4 4.0 3.4 7.2 1.0 4.8 2.2 2.5 5.6 2.9 4.8 2.9 5.0 4.8 3.2 3.21999 2.1 2.6 0.4 9.4 3.5 4.8 3.5 2.8 4.2 3.4 5.0 6.0 6.1 6.0 2.4 5.3 6.6 -0.7 3.3 3.3 3.32000 2.8 1.7 7.0 10.6 2.5 4.4 3.7 2.7 8.0 2.2 7.1 4.3 7.4 3.7 3.1 3.7 -0.1 2.5 2.1 2.9 2.9

1991-2000 2.0 1.8 : 5.6 2.7 2.5 1.9 1.7 : : : 2.9 : 3.3 2.1 3.6 2.5 : 1.5 : 2.0

2001 0.9 1.2 6.9 4.6 3.6 3.9 2.5 0.6 5.5 5.1 4.2 3.8 2.4 2.0 1.3 0.9 2.9 5.3 2.7 1.8 1.82002 0.6 -1.4 9.7 3.7 5.1 3.1 2.1 0.0 3.1 6.0 6.2 4.4 -1.0 1.2 0.7 1.3 2.4 5.7 2.5 0.7 0.72003 0.7 0.4 9.7 2.9 4.5 2.4 1.5 0.7 4.4 8.0 11.3 2.3 4.5 -0.1 1.7 -0.3 3.5 0.9 4.1 1.2 1.12004 1.1 0.6 8.1 3.6 3.6 4.1 2.0 1.0 7.2 10.4 10.9 0.9 1.9 0.8 2.3 2.6 2.5 7.3 3.8 1.7 1.62005 1.4 0.8 9.7 7.1 3.2 4.1 2.4 1.4 3.9 10.2 11.6 -0.1 2.8 0.9 2.2 1.6 2.1 4.5 3.2 2.0 1.92006 1.8 1.4 12.8 6.7 2.8 4.0 2.1 1.3 3.9 19.6 9.1 2.8 2.9 -0.2 2.1 1.5 1.3 6.3 3.9 2.0 1.92007 2.1 -0.2 8.4 6.6 4.1 3.4 2.6 1.2 9.7 10.2 12.4 2.3 0.7 1.9 1.1 2.5 6.5 7.9 3.5 1.8 1.72008 1.4 0.3 -4.5 0.3 3.6 -0.7 0.5 -1.1 8.2 -7.9 3.9 1.3 -0.2 0.9 0.9 1.4 2.9 7.0 2.0 0.3 0.22009 0.6 -0.1 -13.7 -5.1 -1.7 -3.6 0.3 -1.5 -6.5 -16.2 -17.4 1.2 1.8 -1.9 0.9 -2.3 2.1 -0.2 -2.9 -1.1 -1.02010 3.0 0.7 -0.9 0.4 -6.5 0.4 1.9 1.1 4.6 1.8 -3.7 1.2 -0.2 0.1 1.0 2.4 1.0 0.8 3.0 0.9 0.9

2001-2010 1.4 0.4 4.3 3.0 2.2 2.1 1.8 0.5 4.3 4.2 4.4 2.0 1.5 0.6 1.4 1.1 2.7 4.5 2.6 1.1 1.1

2011 0.9 1.9 3.5 -1.6 -9.7 -2.5 0.6 0.1 -0.9 3.7 4.3 1.5 2.9 0.1 1.3 -3.7 0.8 -1.9 2.9 0.1 0.12012 1.5 1.5 4.4 -0.9 -8.0 -3.3 -0.4 -3.7 -2.8 3.6 3.1 2.9 -0.4 -1.1 0.5 -5.3 -2.2 0.4 0.4 -1.1 -1.12013 1.7 0.4 3.6 0.3 -2.6 -2.9 0.5 -2.4 -7.0 5.7 4.4 2.0 2.2 -1.0 -0.1 -1.0 -3.9 -1.2 -0.5 -0.6 -0.72014 0.6 1.1 3.6 2.5 0.6 1.7 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.1 3.8 4.1 2.3 0.4 0.3 2.4 1.6 1.9 0.6 0.9 0.92015 1.6 1.9 5.0 3.1 -0.2 2.9 1.5 1.8 2.8 2.5 4.1 1.8 4.9 2.0 0.5 2.0 2.0 2.8 1.6 1.9 1.82016 1.9 2.3 4.6 5.4 0.0 2.7 1.8 1.2 4.4 1.5 4.0 3.4 2.4 1.1 1.6 2.6 4.4 3.9 2.4 2.0 1.92017 1.8 1.3 2.8 3.1 0.9 3.0 1.4 1.5 4.5 3.1 3.5 2.2 3.4 2.1 1.4 2.1 2.0 4.3 1.0 1.7 1.72018 1.5 1.3 4.3 3.4 1.1 1.8 0.9 0.9 3.3 4.2 3.7 3.3 7.6 2.3 1.1 2.9 2.8 3.9 1.7 1.4 1.32019 1.1 1.6 3.1 2.8 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.4 3.0 2.9 3.2 2.8 2.4 1.4 1.4 2.2 2.7 2.2 1.0 1.3 1.22020 -6.9 -8.3 -7.2 -8.8 -9.0 -10.7 -9.3 -10.9 -6.7 -6.1 -9.9 -4.1 -5.0 -9.5 -4.7 -5.8 -6.1 -7.1 -7.9 -9.0 -9.1

2011-2020 0.5 0.4 2.7 0.8 -2.7 -0.7 -0.1 -1.2 0.0 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.2 0.4 0.9 0.3 -0.2 -0.2

2021 6.5 6.0 7.1 4.6 7.6 8.9 8.9 7.3 5.1 7.0 7.8 4.6 4.0 7.2 4.9 5.3 6.3 7.2 4.9 7.1 7.1


41

National final uses

16. Private final consumption expenditure at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 4.7 : : : : 3.7 : 4.8 : : : : 4.9 2.5 9.0 4.4

1971-1980 : : 1.9 : : : : 1.6 : 3.3 : : : : 5.1 2.4 4.7 3.2

1981-1990 : : 1.4 : : : : 1.7 : 2.5 : : : : 3.1 3.7 4.0 3.5

1991 : -17.5 1.6 : : 6.6 -16.3 0.2 : 2.0 : : : : 2.7 -0.5 2.2 0.21992 1.0 4.4 2.6 : : 2.4 -7.5 -1.5 : 1.7 : : : : 3.2 0.9 2.1 3.71993 -0.8 1.4 -0.9 : : 5.4 0.9 -2.9 : -0.2 : : : : 8.6 3.0 1.0 3.51994 -2.6 3.8 6.7 : : 3.9 2.4 1.9 : 2.0 : : : : -5.4 3.3 2.3 3.91995 -0.5 5.5 1.7 : : 3.7 12.9 1.0 : 1.8 : : : : 4.8 2.2 2.5 3.01996 3.4 7.5 2.5 1.9 -2.4 8.6 7.6 1.9 2.2 2.3 : : 3.0 2.5 8.5 3.7 2.1 3.51997 -32.5 2.9 2.9 11.9 2.0 7.3 -4.6 3.1 2.0 2.4 -18.0 : 3.1 4.1 8.4 5.1 0.7 3.81998 -2.0 -0.6 2.4 -1.3 4.8 4.9 6.0 3.4 3.2 3.4 -5.4 : 3.3 2.8 0.6 4.3 -0.6 5.31999 7.3 3.1 -0.1 -2.9 6.7 5.5 -4.2 4.0 3.3 3.5 2.9 : 3.6 -9.4 -0.4 4.5 1.2 5.32000 9.3 1.6 0.4 4.5 3.1 2.9 1.5 5.4 2.9 3.3 6.2 : 11.2 5.1 4.5 4.5 1.6 5.1

1991-2000 : 1.0 1.9 : : 5.1 -0.5 1.6 : 2.2 : : : : 3.5 3.1 1.5 3.7

2001 7.7 2.9 0.2 5.2 4.5 2.0 8.3 0.8 1.9 2.1 4.0 : -10.1 1.6 -6.7 3.5 1.9 2.52002 5.8 3.0 1.4 9.5 7.9 3.9 7.1 2.2 1.0 1.3 7.2 : 9.9 9.2 4.0 3.2 1.2 2.62003 6.4 4.8 1.3 4.6 8.4 1.6 8.4 1.8 1.4 1.6 10.4 : 4.5 2.7 8.1 3.4 0.7 3.22004 9.4 3.5 4.6 4.6 2.0 4.2 15.8 2.8 2.0 2.0 3.7 : 7.5 12.7 9.6 3.2 1.3 3.82005 7.5 3.3 3.7 4.6 2.9 1.8 11.2 3.4 2.2 2.1 6.4 : 7.2 2.4 6.3 2.6 1.2 3.62006 8.5 3.8 2.9 1.3 1.5 4.8 10.2 3.0 2.3 1.9 6.9 : 3.7 10.5 3.7 1.6 1.0 3.12007 11.3 4.2 1.8 5.0 1.0 5.6 13.8 3.9 2.2 1.9 12.7 11.8 7.6 7.7 5.3 2.4 0.9 2.22008 3.4 2.9 0.5 3.0 -1.3 6.8 8.7 0.7 0.6 0.1 10.1 11.2 4.8 4.5 0.3 -0.4 -1.0 -0.22009 -4.4 -0.6 -3.4 -8.8 -6.7 3.6 -6.4 1.2 -1.1 -1.3 0.7 -14.2 -3.3 -3.3 -3.7 -2.7 -0.7 -1.32010 0.3 1.1 0.8 -1.5 -2.8 2.7 -5.0 4.3 0.9 1.0 1.6 2.0 3.8 -0.6 10.8 1.2 2.4 1.7

2001-2010 5.5 2.9 1.4 2.6 1.7 3.7 7.0 2.4 1.3 1.3 6.3 : 3.4 4.6 3.6 1.8 0.9 2.1

2011 2.6 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.6 3.1 1.4 1.9 0.3 0.1 1.8 0.5 -5.4 1.4 12.3 0.0 -0.4 1.92012 3.3 -1.2 0.5 -2.4 -2.4 0.7 2.0 0.6 -0.9 -0.5 0.1 -3.9 1.2 -1.7 3.2 1.6 2.0 1.52013 -2.6 0.5 0.3 -1.5 0.0 0.3 0.1 1.8 -0.5 0.1 1.8 1.6 1.9 -1.7 7.9 2.7 2.4 1.52014 2.9 1.8 0.9 -2.4 2.3 2.4 4.7 2.9 1.1 1.2 2.8 2.9 2.2 -0.1 3.0 2.3 -0.9 3.02015 3.8 3.7 2.3 0.4 3.8 3.0 6.0 3.5 2.1 2.1 1.2 2.2 4.4 -0.3 5.4 3.0 -0.2 3.72016 3.5 3.6 2.4 3.1 4.9 3.9 7.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.1 5.4 3.9 1.3 3.7 3.6 -0.3 2.72017 3.8 4.3 1.6 3.1 4.7 4.5 10.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.4 3.9 2.1 1.9 6.2 2.2 1.3 2.62018 4.4 3.2 2.6 3.2 4.8 4.5 7.3 1.7 1.7 1.4 3.3 4.6 3.7 3.1 0.0 1.6 0.0 3.02019 5.8 3.0 2.2 3.5 5.1 3.8 5.9 1.2 1.6 1.2 3.3 2.9 3.5 3.2 0.7 1.1 0.2 2.62020 -5.8 -4.5 -6.4 -6.9 -6.0 -4.9 -6.2 -5.2 -8.5 -9.2 -4.3 -9.1 -2.5 -4.2 -2.1 -10.3 -5.7 -7.2

2011-2020 2.1 1.4 0.6 0.1 1.7 2.1 3.8 1.2 0.1 0.0 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.2 4.0 0.7 -0.2 1.5

2021 5.6 4.0 5.9 6.1 5.5 3.8 4.9 3.4 6.7 7.0 3.3 10.9 3.0 6.8 1.9 6.9 2.3 8.5


42

National final uses

17. Final consumption expenditure of general government at current prices



1960-1970 15.8 14.6 : 13.8 12.7 8.9 15.9 14.5 7.5 : : 11.3 15.1 17.2 13.4 10.7 : : 13.6 : 14.6

1971-1980 20.6 18.5 : 17.9 14.2 11.2 19.2 16.0 10.2 : : 14.3 15.9 21.3 16.2 12.3 : : 16.7 : 17.7

1981-1990 22.4 19.3 : 18.9 17.5 15.2 22.0 18.3 11.9 : : 16.2 15.5 22.6 18.4 14.2 : : 19.4 : 19.6

1991 17.8 19.4

1991 20.9 18.7 : 18.3 16.5 16.9 21.7 19.6 14.2 9.0 11.9 15.3 16.0 21.9 18.2 16.8 17.2 23.8 23.9 : 19.61992 21.0 19.2 : 18.7 15.9 17.8 22.3 19.5 14.7 10.4 14.3 15.9 16.5 22.4 18.5 17.0 18.4 29.6 24.3 : 20.01993 21.3 19.4 20.6 18.5 16.6 18.3 23.4 19.4 13.0 17.5 17.0 15.8 17.6 22.7 19.3 17.6 19.1 28.1 23.3 20.4 20.41994 21.1 19.3 23.3 18.3 16.0 17.8 23.2 18.7 12.8 17.5 21.5 15.4 17.8 22.5 19.4 17.4 18.3 24.0 22.4 20.1 20.11995 21.3 19.4 24.6 17.2 17.8 17.6 23.2 17.4 12.4 23.6 24.0 15.9 18.0 22.4 19.6 17.5 17.8 23.8 21.9 20.0 20.01996 21.7 19.7 22.6 16.6 17.6 17.5 23.5 17.6 13.1 22.0 24.1 16.1 19.1 21.4 19.6 17.7 17.7 25.3 22.2 20.1 20.11997 21.2 19.4 20.4 16.1 17.7 17.0 23.4 17.7 14.8 21.1 24.2 16.3 18.4 21.0 19.6 17.6 17.6 23.0 21.3 19.8 19.81998 21.1 19.1 20.7 15.5 17.5 16.9 22.6 17.5 16.1 22.7 25.9 15.8 18.3 20.8 19.6 17.8 17.6 23.2 20.6 19.5 19.51999 21.3 19.2 22.1 14.9 18.0 16.8 22.6 17.5 16.1 22.6 23.7 15.3 17.8 20.6 19.8 18.0 17.8 21.1 20.3 19.5 19.52000 21.0 19.0 19.8 14.7 18.3 16.7 22.3 17.7 15.1 21.0 22.4 14.8 17.7 20.6 19.2 18.9 18.5 20.7 19.7 19.4 19.4

1991-2000 21.2 19.2 : 16.9 17.2 17.3 22.8 18.3 14.2 18.7 20.9 15.7 17.7 21.6 19.3 17.6 18.0 24.3 22.0 : 19.8

2001 21.3 18.9 18.8 15.4 18.7 16.5 22.1 18.4 15.9 20.6 21.1 15.8 19.0 21.0 19.0 19.2 18.8 20.9 19.9 19.5 19.52002 22.1 19.2 18.3 15.8 19.2 16.6 22.7 18.5 16.6 20.7 20.6 16.2 18.8 22.1 18.8 19.6 18.7 20.4 20.6 19.8 19.82003 22.5 19.3 18.0 16.0 19.0 16.8 23.1 19.0 17.9 21.0 19.6 16.8 18.8 22.9 19.0 20.1 18.8 20.7 21.1 20.1 20.12004 22.2 18.8 17.5 16.1 19.2 17.2 23.0 19.2 16.6 19.9 19.2 17.0 19.1 22.5 18.9 20.4 18.8 18.8 21.2 20.0 20.02005 22.1 18.8 17.0 16.0 20.0 17.3 23.1 19.6 16.5 17.9 18.5 17.1 18.1 22.3 19.3 21.0 18.9 18.5 21.4 20.1 20.12006 21.9 18.3 16.0 16.2 20.2 17.4 22.8 19.5 16.9 17.2 19.1 15.9 18.6 23.2 19.3 20.3 18.7 18.8 21.3 19.9 19.92007 21.6 17.9 16.1 16.9 20.5 17.7 22.4 19.0 16.4 17.6 17.4 15.2 17.9 23.2 18.7 19.6 17.5 17.1 20.8 19.6 19.72008 22.7 18.3 18.7 18.8 20.7 18.8 22.6 19.6 17.1 19.7 18.7 15.7 19.7 23.5 19.3 19.8 18.2 17.5 21.6 20.1 20.22009 24.2 20.0 21.1 20.1 23.3 20.6 24.1 20.7 18.8 19.1 21.2 17.5 19.8 26.0 20.7 21.3 20.2 20.0 24.1 21.8 21.82010 23.7 19.6 20.1 18.8 22.2 20.6 24.0 20.6 18.5 18.4 19.9 17.0 19.5 26.2 20.5 20.6 20.4 19.2 23.7 21.6 21.6

2001-2010 22.4 18.9 18.2 17.0 20.3 18.0 23.0 19.4 17.1 19.2 19.5 16.4 18.9 23.3 19.3 20.2 18.9 19.2 21.6 20.2 20.3

2011 24.0 19.1 18.7 18.3 21.8 20.7 23.7 19.8 19.1 18.2 18.4 16.7 19.7 25.8 19.9 19.7 20.6 18.3 23.4 21.1 21.22012 24.3 19.3 18.5 17.7 21.7 20.0 24.0 19.8 18.8 17.4 17.5 17.4 20.2 26.0 19.9 18.3 20.4 17.7 24.1 21.2 21.22013 24.3 19.6 19.0 16.9 20.4 19.9 24.1 19.8 18.5 17.6 16.7 17.3 19.4 25.8 19.9 18.8 19.6 18.0 24.5 21.3 21.32014 24.2 19.6 19.1 16.0 20.3 19.6 24.1 19.5 16.8 17.5 16.6 16.7 18.9 25.7 19.8 18.4 18.9 18.4 24.5 21.1 21.22015 23.6 19.6 20.0 12.3 20.3 19.5 23.8 19.1 16.4 18.1 17.2 16.5 17.6 25.0 19.8 17.9 18.8 18.6 24.4 20.7 20.82016 23.2 19.8 20.4 12.3 20.1 19.1 23.7 19.0 15.3 18.1 17.0 15.9 16.1 24.7 19.7 17.6 19.1 18.9 23.7 20.7 20.72017 23.1 19.9 19.9 12.0 19.8 18.6 23.7 18.8 15.0 18.1 16.3 16.4 15.3 24.3 19.5 17.2 18.4 18.9 22.8 20.5 20.62018 23.1 19.9 19.6 11.9 19.1 18.6 23.4 19.0 14.9 18.0 16.5 16.7 16.1 24.2 19.3 16.9 18.3 18.6 22.9 20.4 20.52019 23.1 20.4 19.9 12.0 19.5 18.7 23.1 18.8 16.4 18.2 17.0 17.1 17.3 24.4 19.3 16.9 18.4 19.4 23.1 20.5 20.62020 25.7 22.4 23.2 13.8 22.8 22.1 25.6 21.5 21.5 20.3 20.1 19.6 20.9 27.0 21.2 18.6 21.2 22.1 26.3 23.0 23.1

2011-2020 23.9 19.9 19.8 14.3 20.6 19.7 23.9 19.5 17.3 18.2 17.3 17.0 18.2 25.3 19.8 18.0 19.4 18.9 24.0 21.1 21.1

2021 24.0 21.7 21.4 12.8 20.8 20.6 23.7 20.1 21.3 19.5 18.2 19.2 19.6 26.5 20.3 17.3 19.7 21.2 25.0 21.8 21.8


43

National final uses

17. Final consumption expenditure of general government at current prices



1960-1970 : : 17.4 : : : : 17.6 : 15.1 : : : : 7.2 16.2 11.5 16.6

1971-1980 : : 23.9 : : : : 24.2 : 18.2 : : : : 9.3 18.4 13.6 16.7

1981-1990 : : 25.2 : : 13.1 5.0 25.9 : 19.6 : : : : 7.8 17.8 14.2 16.0

1991 19.4

1991 17.4 18.3 24.2 : : 24.6 13.6 26.3 : 19.6 : : : : 10.3 17.5 13.7 16.31992 18.6 20.7 24.2 : 25.8 23.3 12.8 27.5 : 20.0 : : : : 10.8 18.1 14.1 16.11993 17.3 20.9 25.3 : 27.7 21.9 11.0 27.6 : 20.2 : : : : 10.9 17.6 14.6 15.61994 15.8 21.4 24.4 : 25.5 18.9 12.3 26.6 : 20.0 : : : : 9.7 17.3 15.0 15.21995 15.3 20.4 24.1 25.2 22.9 18.9 12.2 25.7 20.2 19.8 : : 17.3 18.4 9.0 17.1 15.4 14.91996 13.8 19.7 24.1 22.7 21.6 18.5 11.7 26.0 20.3 19.8 9.5 : 16.9 18.3 9.7 16.7 15.4 14.51997 12.1 20.3 23.6 21.9 21.3 18.1 12.7 25.5 20.0 19.4 10.4 : 18.4 21.2 10.3 16.1 15.6 14.21998 18.3 19.3 24.1 23.0 20.9 17.7 11.9 25.6 19.7 19.1 10.8 : 18.8 19.9 10.6 16.1 16.0 14.01999 19.6 20.2 24.4 23.8 21.3 17.9 16.7 25.6 19.8 19.3 11.1 : 19.1 18.9 12.7 16.6 16.5 14.02000 19.8 19.9 23.9 21.6 21.2 18.1 16.9 24.7 19.7 19.1 9.7 15.5 16.9 19.3 12.0 16.8 16.9 14.0

1991-2000 16.8 20.1 24.2 : : 19.8 13.2 26.1 : 19.6 : : : : 10.6 17.0 15.3 14.9

2001 19.4 19.8 24.3 19.4 21.1 18.7 15.8 24.9 19.7 19.3 10.6 17.8 23.8 21.5 12.7 17.4 17.5 14.52002 19.2 21.3 24.9 19.1 21.9 18.6 14.8 25.6 20.1 19.8 11.3 17.6 20.8 24.0 12.9 18.2 18.1 15.02003 20.1 22.3 25.0 18.5 23.0 18.9 16.0 25.9 20.4 20.2 11.1 18.9 18.1 24.2 12.7 18.9 18.2 15.22004 19.4 21.0 24.9 18.6 22.1 18.3 14.7 25.2 20.2 20.2 11.2 18.6 17.4 22.6 12.4 19.5 18.1 15.22005 18.2 20.7 24.5 18.5 22.2 18.3 16.2 25.1 20.3 20.3 11.0 21.2 16.2 19.5 12.3 19.7 18.1 15.12006 18.1 20.2 24.2 18.4 22.0 18.5 15.9 24.8 20.1 20.1 10.5 19.1 16.5 20.4 13.0 19.8 18.0 15.02007 16.7 19.4 24.3 19.1 20.8 18.1 15.4 24.3 19.8 19.9 10.5 19.9 16.8 20.7 13.5 19.6 17.9 15.22008 17.2 19.4 25.1 18.7 21.4 18.6 15.9 24.7 20.3 20.5 10.4 22.2 18.6 20.1 13.7 20.4 18.4 16.02009 16.7 21.0 27.9 20.5 22.1 18.7 16.1 26.1 21.9 22.1 11.1 21.9 19.1 19.5 15.8 22.0 19.6 16.82010 16.6 20.8 27.4 20.5 21.6 19.1 15.5 25.1 21.6 21.8 11.2 22.1 18.3 19.1 15.0 21.7 19.5 16.7

2001-2010 18.2 20.6 25.3 19.1 21.8 18.6 15.6 25.2 20.4 20.4 10.9 19.9 18.6 21.2 13.4 19.7 18.3 15.5

2011 15.9 20.2 26.6 20.7 20.7 18.1 14.3 25.0 21.2 21.4 11.0 21.1 18.1 18.9 13.7 21.0 20.2 16.22012 15.9 19.8 26.5 20.6 20.1 17.9 14.5 25.8 21.2 21.4 10.8 21.1 18.6 19.0 14.2 20.8 20.3 15.52013 17.2 20.2 26.0 20.3 19.8 18.1 14.1 26.3 21.3 21.4 11.0 19.5 17.5 17.9 14.1 20.1 20.2 15.12014 16.9 19.7 25.8 20.8 20.1 18.2 14.2 26.2 21.2 21.2 11.5 19.4 17.1 18.1 14.1 19.8 20.2 14.62015 16.1 19.2 25.5 20.1 19.8 18.0 13.7 25.8 20.8 20.8 11.1 19.2 17.0 16.4 13.9 19.5 19.8 14.42016 15.6 19.3 24.9 19.6 20.1 17.9 15.1 26.4 20.8 20.7 11.3 19.6 15.4 16.0 14.8 19.1 19.9 14.32017 15.6 19.2 24.6 19.5 20.3 17.7 15.7 26.1 20.6 20.5 11.5 18.4 14.9 16.2 14.5 18.7 19.6 14.12018 16.5 19.9 24.3 19.4 19.7 17.8 16.8 26.0 20.5 20.4 11.3 18.5 14.8 16.6 14.8 18.5 19.8 14.12019 17.5 20.2 24.0 19.6 19.4 17.9 17.3 26.0 20.6 20.5 11.5 18.3 15.0 17.1 15.7 18.9 20.0 14.12020 20.6 22.6 26.7 22.3 22.0 19.3 19.3 29.0 23.1 23.1 12.9 19.8 15.8 19.1 17.2 22.0 21.6 15.8

2011-2020 16.8 20.0 25.5 20.3 20.2 18.1 15.5 26.3 21.1 21.2 11.4 19.5 16.4 17.5 14.7 19.8 20.2 14.8

2021 19.8 21.9 25.7 21.0 20.5 19.0 18.9 28.0 21.9 22.0 13.2 18.6 15.1 19.2 17.4 21.0 22.0 14.4


44

National final uses

18. Final consumption expenditure of general government at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 5.5 4.4 : 4.5 6.3 4.3 5.5 5.9 : : : 3.4 : 3.1 3.1 8.5 : : 5.1 : 5.0

1971-1980 4.1 4.3 : 6.3 6.2 5.5 4.8 4.1 : : : 3.0 : 4.2 3.4 7.7 : : 5.0 : 4.5

1981-1990 1.0 0.8 : 0.1 1.4 5.0 2.8 3.2 : : : 4.4 : 2.1 1.6 4.9 : : 3.7 : 2.3

1991 3.6 3.3 : 2.7 -1.5 6.0 3.5 2.3 : : : 4.0 : 2.6 3.0 10.6 -0.3 : 1.8 : 3.31992 1.5 5.6 : 3.0 -3.0 3.5 3.3 1.5 : : : 3.2 : 2.5 3.0 1.0 -1.7 : -3.2 : 3.21993 -0.2 0.8 : 0.1 2.6 2.7 3.5 -1.0 : : : 5.2 : 2.2 3.8 0.5 5.3 -1.1 -3.8 : 1.31994 1.4 3.4 4.2 4.1 -1.1 0.5 0.3 -1.3 : : : 1.0 : 2.0 3.0 2.3 2.1 -10.7 0.2 : 1.31995 1.5 2.2 13.5 3.9 5.6 2.4 0.0 -3.1 -10.9 : : 4.7 : 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 3.6 3.0 : 0.91996 1.5 2.7 -2.7 3.5 5.3 1.1 2.3 0.4 7.2 -5.3 0.1 6.1 8.4 -1.2 1.1 2.9 2.8 7.1 2.1 1.9 1.81997 1.2 0.9 -0.5 6.7 -3.2 2.6 1.0 0.1 11.0 3.6 4.5 2.6 -1.1 3.2 2.7 2.3 4.5 0.2 3.4 1.2 1.21998 1.7 2.4 4.4 7.3 2.6 3.5 -0.7 1.8 14.7 12.0 5.1 2.7 -4.0 4.0 3.0 6.7 3.8 3.9 2.1 1.9 1.81999 2.4 1.2 1.1 5.6 3.6 3.8 1.6 1.1 3.5 0.6 -4.4 7.2 -0.6 2.2 3.3 3.5 4.3 -7.3 1.7 1.8 1.82000 2.4 1.6 -3.3 8.4 3.6 4.5 1.8 3.4 -3.2 -3.2 0.1 3.9 5.4 3.3 0.2 4.3 3.8 2.8 1.3 2.4 2.4

1991-2000 1.7 2.4 : 4.5 1.4 3.1 1.7 0.5 : : : 4.1 : 2.3 2.6 3.6 2.7 : 0.8 : 1.9

2001 2.1 0.6 2.5 10.1 4.8 3.8 1.0 5.5 7.6 4.8 1.5 7.6 0.7 4.5 -0.3 3.7 2.9 3.5 2.3 2.4 2.42002 3.3 1.2 3.1 6.8 2.7 3.8 1.8 1.3 5.0 4.1 2.1 4.8 3.0 4.4 0.8 2.6 3.2 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.02003 1.9 0.7 3.8 2.9 3.0 4.8 1.9 1.4 7.8 3.4 3.4 4.1 2.9 2.8 1.0 1.8 2.7 6.0 1.3 1.8 1.82004 2.4 -0.6 2.4 1.6 4.1 6.3 2.2 0.6 -1.8 3.2 4.2 3.5 0.1 -0.5 1.5 2.8 3.6 -5.0 1.5 1.3 1.32005 0.4 0.6 2.9 4.4 4.1 5.6 1.3 0.6 2.3 3.3 3.6 2.7 -1.6 1.2 2.3 2.8 2.8 5.9 1.9 1.5 1.52006 0.7 1.1 4.7 5.0 6.8 4.9 1.3 -0.5 7.2 5.9 2.1 1.9 4.9 8.3 3.3 -0.3 3.2 8.0 1.2 2.0 2.02007 1.9 1.7 6.0 6.7 5.4 6.2 1.8 0.5 3.4 3.0 1.9 3.8 0.9 3.1 1.4 0.6 1.8 0.2 1.3 2.2 2.22008 3.1 3.7 4.5 1.4 -2.3 6.0 1.1 1.3 6.4 2.3 0.2 1.4 12.3 3.2 3.7 0.7 5.2 6.3 1.6 2.6 2.62009 1.6 3.2 -3.1 -2.5 2.0 4.2 2.4 -0.1 6.3 -9.8 -1.3 3.7 -3.3 4.7 2.5 2.5 2.0 6.0 1.6 2.4 2.42010 0.4 1.4 -0.7 -4.5 -4.2 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.7 -8.3 -3.2 1.4 1.6 0.9 0.0 -1.4 0.0 1.4 -0.2 0.8 0.8

2001-2010 1.8 1.4 2.6 3.1 2.6 4.7 1.6 1.1 4.4 1.0 1.4 3.5 2.1 3.2 1.6 1.6 2.7 3.4 1.5 1.9 1.9

2011 0.5 1.0 2.3 -1.8 -7.0 0.0 1.1 -2.0 1.6 2.7 -0.4 0.8 3.5 -0.4 0.1 -3.7 -0.1 -2.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.12012 1.2 1.3 3.1 -2.6 -6.0 -4.2 1.6 -1.8 -2.4 0.4 1.3 3.5 5.7 -1.2 0.1 -3.6 -2.4 -2.0 0.6 -0.3 -0.32013 0.1 1.4 2.7 -0.8 -6.4 -2.1 1.5 -1.1 -4.8 1.2 0.7 3.8 -0.4 0.0 0.8 -2.1 -2.0 1.5 1.3 0.2 0.22014 1.2 1.7 1.3 3.8 -1.4 -0.7 1.3 -0.6 -7.5 2.1 0.3 1.9 6.6 0.6 0.8 -0.6 -0.2 4.4 -0.1 0.8 0.82015 0.3 2.8 3.0 1.9 1.6 2.0 1.0 -0.6 0.5 3.0 0.2 1.6 3.7 -0.1 0.9 0.8 2.3 5.3 1.3 1.3 1.22016 0.4 4.1 2.4 3.4 -0.7 1.0 1.4 0.7 -0.9 2.9 0.1 1.0 -3.0 1.3 1.8 0.8 2.5 1.9 0.7 1.9 1.92017 0.3 2.4 1.1 3.5 -0.4 1.0 1.5 -0.1 2.1 3.2 -0.3 4.7 1.8 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.3 1.0 -0.2 1.3 1.32018 0.9 1.4 0.9 4.4 -2.5 1.9 0.8 0.1 3.5 4.0 0.5 4.1 12.7 1.6 0.9 0.9 3.2 0.2 2.1 1.1 1.12019 1.6 2.6 2.9 5.1 2.1 2.3 1.4 -0.4 11.3 2.6 0.7 4.8 12.0 1.6 0.9 1.1 1.6 3.8 0.9 1.7 1.62020 2.8 2.8 4.3 7.7 4.9 5.8 2.8 2.6 16.6 2.9 1.0 6.3 12.8 2.1 3.0 2.4 4.7 4.2 6.0 3.2 3.2

2011-2020 0.9 2.1 2.4 2.4 -1.7 0.7 1.4 -0.3 1.8 2.5 0.4 3.2 5.4 0.6 1.0 -0.4 1.0 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.1

2021 0.3 2.1 -2.4 -3.0 -2.4 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 3.7 2.0 0.5 4.1 -1.2 2.6 0.1 -1.5 0.5 1.5 -2.4 0.6 0.6


45

National final uses

18. Final consumption expenditure of general government at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 6.1 : : : : 5.7 : 4.5 : : : : 6.5 2.4 4.8 3.5

1971-1980 : : 3.4 : : : : 3.2 : 4.1 : : : : 4.3 2.4 4.8 1.0

1981-1990 : : 0.5 : : : : 1.6 : 2.0 : : : : 8.8 0.8 3.8 2.8

1991 : -3.5 1.7 : : 9.6 10.6 4.2 : 3.2 : : : : 3.7 3.0 4.1 1.71992 -14.9 6.7 0.7 : -1.1 5.9 2.2 2.3 : 2.8 : : : : 3.6 1.0 2.7 0.71993 -12.5 1.5 4.3 : 9.8 2.4 2.7 0.2 : 1.0 : : : : 8.6 -0.6 3.2 -0.11994 -11.9 3.7 2.0 : -7.4 1.2 11.0 -1.0 : 1.2 : : : : -5.5 1.1 3.5 0.51995 -8.1 -1.6 2.2 : -6.7 4.8 1.0 0.4 : 1.0 : : : : 6.8 1.4 3.9 0.31996 -23.7 -0.4 3.0 -2.8 -2.8 2.7 0.2 -0.2 1.7 1.6 : : 0.2 3.8 8.6 0.7 2.3 0.41997 -29.7 3.3 0.5 3.1 -1.0 2.9 4.3 -0.5 1.1 0.6 -11.7 : -2.4 13.4 4.1 -2.6 1.4 1.81998 43.9 -2.5 3.1 3.9 -2.5 2.0 -7.1 3.8 1.9 2.2 -9.1 : 3.8 6.2 7.8 3.7 1.2 1.91999 -6.3 3.1 3.3 2.4 1.7 3.2 18.8 1.8 1.9 2.2 -0.2 : 4.4 -1.4 5.1 4.0 3.5 2.72000 2.2 -0.6 2.9 -3.4 4.2 7.9 -1.7 -0.8 2.3 2.4 -10.0 : -2.6 12.5 4.5 3.3 3.9 1.5

1991-2000 : 0.9 2.4 : : 4.2 4.0 1.0 : 1.8 : : : : 4.7 1.5 3.0 1.2

2001 1.0 2.6 1.9 -4.2 4.0 3.8 -3.8 0.2 2.3 2.6 9.7 : 35.5 9.0 0.4 4.6 3.4 3.52002 0.5 8.1 2.1 6.9 5.5 2.0 -2.5 2.1 2.1 2.5 5.3 : -15.8 9.5 5.7 4.5 2.7 3.82003 8.1 6.0 0.2 2.2 5.1 3.5 -12.4 0.5 1.8 2.1 -0.7 : -14.3 3.8 0.5 3.8 1.8 1.82004 4.8 -1.8 1.5 3.2 0.9 3.8 1.1 -0.3 1.3 1.8 4.3 : -0.7 7.8 6.6 4.3 1.2 1.52005 0.7 1.0 1.2 2.9 2.0 3.6 7.2 0.2 1.6 1.9 -1.5 : 1.1 -3.3 3.6 4.0 0.8 0.82006 5.6 0.6 2.5 5.2 1.8 5.5 -2.4 1.6 2.1 2.0 -2.4 : 5.2 7.5 10.2 2.0 0.1 1.22007 -1.0 0.6 1.2 6.6 -4.3 2.9 2.2 0.6 2.1 1.9 3.4 10.8 3.7 0.9 7.0 1.1 1.2 1.62008 1.9 1.1 3.3 -0.8 3.1 4.4 5.9 1.3 2.6 2.5 4.4 1.6 10.2 3.5 3.5 2.2 -0.1 2.42009 -5.9 2.8 3.0 2.4 0.7 3.5 -4.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 3.7 0.6 0.2 -1.7 8.1 1.3 2.0 4.12010 2.1 0.5 1.6 -0.5 -0.2 3.0 -1.6 1.3 0.8 0.8 4.0 -0.4 -3.6 0.0 1.7 0.4 1.9 0.1

2001-2010 1.7 2.1 1.9 2.3 1.8 3.6 -1.2 1.0 1.9 2.0 3.0 : 1.3 3.6 4.7 2.8 1.5 2.1

2011 2.3 -3.2 -0.6 0.5 0.4 -1.8 -1.2 0.9 -0.2 0.1 0.7 -0.3 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.9 -3.02012 -1.8 -2.0 0.8 -1.4 -1.4 -0.3 7.5 1.1 -0.2 0.0 0.1 3.0 2.4 0.4 6.8 1.1 1.7 -1.52013 0.7 2.5 -0.1 -0.1 3.1 2.5 -2.9 1.6 0.4 0.2 2.9 1.3 0.5 -2.1 8.0 -0.4 1.5 -1.92014 -0.1 1.1 1.9 1.8 5.2 4.3 3.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 6.4 1.4 3.0 0.9 3.1 2.0 0.5 -0.82015 1.8 1.9 1.7 -0.9 1.9 2.3 -0.3 2.2 1.4 1.4 -1.1 1.9 3.9 -3.7 3.9 1.8 1.5 1.82016 2.2 2.7 0.2 0.5 0.7 1.9 2.2 3.7 1.9 1.8 4.7 0.8 -4.9 1.2 9.5 1.0 1.4 1.82017 4.3 1.3 1.0 2.2 2.4 2.9 4.2 0.1 1.3 1.1 3.2 -1.4 -2.6 3.3 5.0 0.3 0.2 0.62018 5.3 3.4 0.4 1.3 0.9 3.7 2.1 0.4 1.2 0.9 0.7 6.3 2.0 3.7 6.6 0.4 0.9 1.72019 5.5 2.6 0.5 3.3 1.7 4.9 6.4 0.4 1.8 1.8 3.1 1.5 4.5 2.9 4.4 3.5 1.9 1.82020 4.0 3.6 3.1 2.5 5.0 2.9 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.5 5.5 2.5 2.7 3.2 4.0 4.9 3.5 6.6

2011-2020 2.4 1.4 0.9 1.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 1.5 1.2 1.2 2.6 1.7 1.2 1.1 5.2 1.6 1.5 0.7

2021 0.7 1.5 0.5 0.1 -1.4 2.1 1.4 -0.1 0.6 0.6 5.2 -1.7 1.5 2.8 4.5 0.8 4.2 -4.7


46

National final uses

19. Gross fixed capital formation at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 25.7 24.9 : 20.3 24.5 24.4 25.2 25.2 26.0 : : 23.4 18.1 26.9 27.6 23.1 : : 27.0 : 25.2

1971-1980 25.5 22.5 : 26.1 30.2 25.1 25.1 25.6 35.8 : : 23.9 17.5 23.6 28.5 29.4 : : 28.9 : 24.6

1981-1990 20.3 20.3 : 20.8 24.6 22.6 22.4 23.2 35.6 : : 21.5 20.4 21.6 24.6 28.9 : : 27.7 : 22.1

1991 21.7 22.8

1991 22.4 24.9 : 17.7 24.2 25.0 23.2 22.1 31.9 5.8 21.4 25.4 22.3 22.3 26.4 27.1 23.1 29.5 25.9 : 23.81992 22.1 25.2 : 17.4 22.9 23.0 22.1 21.5 33.6 10.4 21.9 21.5 20.7 22.0 26.0 27.0 20.9 34.3 22.2 : 23.21993 21.3 24.1 24.4 16.0 21.7 21.2 20.7 19.4 29.6 12.8 22.0 23.8 22.1 21.3 25.5 24.3 21.1 31.3 19.1 21.9 21.91994 20.8 24.1 27.1 17.1 20.0 21.0 20.4 19.0 26.9 13.9 22.0 22.5 22.3 20.7 26.2 23.4 22.5 27.7 18.7 21.7 21.71995 21.2 23.5 26.5 18.0 20.0 21.9 20.1 19.4 25.2 14.2 20.4 21.7 23.9 20.9 25.3 23.3 23.1 26.1 19.3 21.6 21.61996 21.2 23.0 27.1 19.8 20.8 21.7 19.9 19.2 24.1 17.8 20.6 19.8 24.6 21.6 25.8 23.8 23.9 33.0 20.5 21.4 21.41997 21.9 22.7 28.6 21.1 20.2 22.1 19.5 19.2 24.6 17.7 22.4 20.7 22.9 21.7 25.4 26.0 25.2 35.1 21.4 21.3 21.31998 21.8 22.8 31.4 22.6 23.7 23.3 19.9 19.5 19.7 23.9 23.9 22.0 24.1 21.8 25.5 27.3 26.1 36.9 22.2 21.8 21.71999 22.2 23.0 25.9 24.2 24.5 24.7 20.8 19.9 21.3 22.9 22.0 22.7 22.0 22.9 25.0 27.6 27.7 30.7 22.4 22.3 22.32000 22.5 23.1 26.7 23.8 24.6 25.9 21.5 20.7 20.1 25.1 19.1 20.2 22.5 22.5 25.6 28.0 27.4 26.1 23.1 22.8 22.7

1991-2000 21.7 23.6 : 19.8 22.3 23.0 20.8 20.0 25.7 16.4 21.6 22.0 22.7 21.8 25.7 25.8 24.1 31.1 21.5 : 22.2

2001 22.4 21.8 27.4 24.0 24.7 25.9 21.5 20.7 19.0 27.2 20.5 21.5 20.4 22.1 24.8 27.4 26.4 28.9 22.9 22.3 22.32002 20.7 20.1 30.5 23.6 23.6 26.2 21.0 21.4 20.9 24.4 20.7 21.0 16.5 21.1 23.5 25.9 24.6 27.6 21.6 21.6 21.62003 20.5 19.5 32.7 24.9 25.3 27.1 21.0 20.9 20.3 24.8 21.5 20.4 20.8 20.6 24.1 23.8 25.0 24.4 21.8 21.5 21.52004 21.5 19.1 31.7 27.0 24.4 27.8 21.4 21.0 20.6 28.8 22.9 20.3 20.6 20.3 23.6 23.4 26.0 23.8 22.3 21.6 21.62005 22.2 19.1 32.9 29.8 20.8 29.0 21.8 21.3 21.5 31.2 23.4 19.1 22.0 20.4 23.1 23.1 26.6 26.2 22.9 22.0 21.92006 22.3 19.8 36.8 31.0 23.7 30.0 22.5 21.6 25.1 34.1 25.9 17.6 22.0 21.0 22.6 22.5 27.7 25.6 22.8 22.6 22.52007 23.3 20.1 36.4 28.7 26.0 29.9 23.2 21.7 25.5 36.4 28.6 18.4 22.4 23.3 22.9 22.5 28.7 25.4 24.2 23.1 23.02008 24.1 20.3 31.1 24.8 23.8 27.8 23.6 21.3 27.2 32.0 26.0 20.3 19.6 22.1 23.3 22.9 29.4 24.8 24.5 22.8 22.72009 22.8 19.3 22.6 21.1 20.8 23.1 22.1 20.1 23.4 22.4 17.9 18.4 18.2 21.3 22.4 21.2 24.1 20.8 23.0 21.0 21.02010 22.1 19.5 21.1 17.5 17.6 21.8 22.1 20.0 22.5 19.2 16.9 17.6 21.4 19.7 21.6 20.6 21.1 21.1 22.3 20.6 20.6

2001-2010 22.2 19.9 30.3 25.2 23.1 26.9 22.0 21.0 22.6 28.0 22.4 19.5 20.4 21.2 23.2 23.3 26.0 24.9 22.8 21.9 21.9

2011 23.0 20.4 26.2 16.6 15.3 20.0 22.4 19.7 19.0 22.0 18.5 19.2 17.9 20.1 22.5 18.4 19.9 23.3 22.6 20.7 20.62012 23.0 20.3 28.5 19.6 12.6 18.5 22.5 18.3 15.5 25.3 17.4 20.2 18.1 18.8 22.6 15.8 19.0 20.3 23.1 20.1 20.12013 22.2 19.9 27.7 18.6 12.2 17.4 22.0 17.2 14.1 23.1 18.5 19.5 17.4 18.4 23.0 14.8 19.6 20.4 22.0 19.5 19.52014 22.8 20.0 25.6 20.6 11.5 17.8 21.8 16.7 12.9 22.6 18.9 20.0 17.3 17.6 22.7 15.0 19.1 20.4 21.5 19.5 19.52015 23.0 20.0 24.3 24.1 11.6 18.0 21.5 16.9 12.6 22.0 19.6 18.2 24.9 22.1 22.7 15.5 18.7 23.7 21.2 19.9 19.92016 23.2 20.3 23.3 35.6 12.1 18.0 21.8 17.2 17.8 19.5 19.9 18.1 23.6 20.0 23.1 15.5 17.4 21.0 22.7 20.3 20.32017 23.1 20.5 24.8 31.4 12.9 18.7 22.5 17.5 21.1 20.7 20.0 18.8 20.6 20.1 23.5 16.8 18.3 21.3 23.2 20.6 20.62018 23.8 21.2 23.9 23.4 11.1 19.4 22.9 17.8 19.1 22.6 20.5 16.8 18.9 20.3 23.9 17.5 19.2 21.2 23.9 20.8 20.82019 24.0 21.7 26.1 43.4 11.4 20.0 23.4 18.1 19.1 22.9 21.2 16.9 19.6 21.0 24.3 18.3 19.3 21.4 23.7 21.9 21.92020 21.7 21.9 25.1 26.9 8.8 17.1 21.9 17.0 19.0 21.1 21.2 15.7 19.3 20.2 23.3 17.8 17.1 19.3 22.8 20.4 20.4

2011-2020 23.0 20.6 25.6 26.0 11.9 18.5 22.3 17.6 17.0 22.2 19.6 18.3 19.8 19.9 23.2 16.5 18.8 21.2 22.7 20.4 20.4

2021 23.6 22.0 25.1 29.8 10.9 17.6 23.4 18.0 19.1 21.6 21.6 16.0 19.2 20.4 23.5 18.3 17.5 20.0 24.0 21.2 21.2


47

National final uses

19. Gross fixed capital formation at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 : : 24.1 : : : : 28.0 : 24.2 : : : : 15.2 19.4 33.4 22.1

1971-1980 : : 23.7 : 35.5 : : 24.6 : 24.1 : : : : 18.1 21.0 34.2 22.3

1981-1990 : : 20.0 : 25.3 20.4 28.7 24.3 : 21.9 : : : : 21.0 20.7 30.5 22.8

1991 22.5

1991 19.8 26.1 19.6 : 22.7 18.3 14.2 24.7 : 23.3 : : : : 22.7 21.0 33.0 20.11992 17.7 27.4 18.7 : 21.6 15.7 19.0 22.2 : 22.5 : : : : 22.5 19.4 31.7 19.81993 14.1 27.9 18.1 : 20.5 14.9 17.7 19.7 : 21.3 : : : : 25.3 18.6 30.5 20.11994 15.0 29.5 18.3 : 21.9 16.8 20.1 19.7 : 21.0 : : : : 23.5 18.3 29.5 20.41995 16.7 33.3 19.5 14.5 21.8 17.4 21.2 20.0 21.5 21.0 : : 20.7 11.1 22.7 18.0 29.5 20.91996 4.5 33.9 19.6 18.5 22.9 19.4 22.9 20.5 21.4 20.9 21.8 : 21.7 10.8 23.9 18.6 30.4 21.31997 9.7 31.9 20.8 21.7 23.2 22.2 21.8 20.3 21.4 20.5 20.1 : 21.7 11.7 25.2 17.0 29.4 21.61998 14.6 30.4 21.6 21.1 24.1 24.0 18.8 21.2 21.9 20.9 21.5 : 21.8 12.0 23.5 17.5 28.2 22.31999 16.3 29.4 20.9 21.3 25.1 24.3 18.0 21.9 22.4 21.4 23.5 : 20.8 11.1 19.9 17.5 27.8 22.82000 16.7 30.6 21.5 20.0 25.5 23.7 19.1 22.6 22.8 21.8 31.9 17.6 20.3 12.2 22.3 17.8 27.4 23.1

1991-2000 14.5 30.0 19.9 : 22.9 19.7 19.3 21.3 : 21.5 : : : : 23.2 18.4 29.8 21.2

2001 19.3 30.5 21.3 20.4 24.9 20.5 21.0 23.0 22.4 21.4 36.7 18.3 22.0 12.2 18.1 17.9 26.5 22.52002 19.0 29.2 20.6 22.3 24.7 18.4 21.5 22.3 21.7 20.9 36.1 15.3 21.3 15.1 19.6 17.9 25.0 21.52003 19.8 28.7 20.7 25.8 23.6 18.2 22.7 21.9 21.6 20.8 35.9 13.9 20.1 17.1 20.8 17.5 24.5 21.62004 21.0 28.1 20.7 25.7 24.1 18.3 22.3 22.1 21.7 20.8 37.8 17.9 21.2 19.5 25.4 17.3 24.1 22.12005 25.7 28.2 21.2 25.4 23.9 18.9 23.4 22.7 22.0 21.1 37.9 18.8 19.0 19.4 26.7 17.4 24.6 22.92006 27.4 28.0 23.3 26.6 23.5 20.4 26.6 23.5 22.8 21.7 38.1 22.8 20.1 21.2 28.7 17.7 24.7 23.02007 28.3 29.5 23.5 26.8 23.7 22.5 35.3 24.5 23.4 22.1 36.4 32.9 22.7 23.8 28.1 18.0 24.1 22.42008 33.0 29.0 22.9 28.2 23.4 23.1 37.3 24.8 23.2 21.9 33.9 39.2 25.8 23.7 26.8 17.4 24.0 21.32009 27.8 27.1 20.2 25.2 22.7 21.4 26.0 22.7 21.3 20.3 32.7 27.3 24.6 18.7 22.4 15.9 22.4 18.82010 22.3 26.9 18.1 21.2 20.2 20.3 26.1 22.7 20.8 19.9 28.4 21.6 23.1 17.7 24.9 15.8 21.3 18.4

2001-2010 24.4 28.5 21.2 24.8 23.5 20.2 26.2 23.0 22.1 21.1 35.4 22.8 22.0 18.8 24.1 17.3 24.1 21.5

2011 21.0 26.5 18.2 20.2 19.7 20.7 27.2 23.2 20.8 19.9 29.4 19.5 23.5 17.5 28.1 15.4 21.9 18.82012 21.2 25.9 18.8 19.6 19.2 19.8 27.4 23.0 20.4 19.4 26.5 19.8 23.4 20.2 27.3 15.5 22.4 19.62013 21.3 25.1 19.1 19.7 20.8 18.8 24.8 22.7 19.8 19.0 26.1 20.2 23.7 16.5 28.5 15.7 23.3 19.82014 21.1 25.1 19.2 19.3 22.1 19.7 24.3 23.5 19.8 19.1 24.2 19.0 23.4 15.9 28.9 16.4 24.0 20.32015 20.9 26.5 19.9 19.5 22.3 20.1 24.8 23.8 20.2 19.4 24.4 20.1 23.8 16.8 29.7 16.9 23.8 20.42016 18.5 24.9 21.0 20.1 19.7 18.0 22.9 24.2 20.4 19.9 24.4 24.7 24.4 16.9 29.3 17.2 23.3 20.22017 18.4 24.8 21.2 20.0 22.2 17.5 22.4 25.2 20.8 20.2 24.6 26.9 22.5 17.7 30.1 17.2 23.8 20.52018 18.8 25.6 22.0 20.0 25.2 18.2 21.0 25.9 21.0 20.4 24.8 29.2 21.5 20.1 29.9 16.9 24.1 20.72019 18.3 25.5 22.2 20.7 28.6 18.6 23.6 25.1 22.0 21.2 23.1 27.7 : 22.4 26.1 17.1 24.3 20.62020 16.4 23.0 20.9 20.8 24.9 17.6 21.3 23.0 20.5 19.7 22.8 27.0 : 20.2 23.2 15.8 23.5 19.9

2011-2020 19.6 25.3 20.2 20.0 22.5 18.9 24.0 23.9 20.6 19.8 25.0 23.4 : 18.4 28.1 16.4 23.4 20.1

2021 15.7 24.1 21.5 20.2 25.5 17.8 21.4 23.4 21.2 20.5 21.9 23.7 : 22.7 21.3 16.6 23.2 19.4


48

National final uses

20. Gross fixed capital formation at 2015 reference levels; total economy



1961-1970 5.8 4.2 : 9.6 8.4 11.3 7.6 6.4 : : : 3.4 : 7.1 5.9 6.9 : : 4.4 : 6.3

1971-1980 2.3 1.6 : 5.7 1.7 1.6 2.7 1.8 : : : 2.6 : 0.0 3.9 4.5 : : 2.9 : 1.9

1981-1990 2.3 1.9 : 0.5 -1.3 5.3 2.6 1.4 : : : 3.9 : 2.8 1.9 5.1 : : 4.3 : 2.3

1991 -4.1 5.3 : -7.0 7.4 1.7 -0.5 0.8 : : : 15.8 : 1.3 8.3 4.7 -11.5 : -16.9 : 1.41992 1.1 4.5 : 0.0 -5.9 -4.1 -1.5 -1.8 : : : -15.1 : 1.8 0.1 7.8 -12.9 : -13.8 : 0.21993 -2.5 -4.5 : -5.1 -4.7 -8.9 -5.4 -10.4 : : : 20.6 : -1.6 -1.2 -9.0 10.7 13.0 -12.5 : -6.01994 0.4 3.6 9.2 11.8 -1.4 1.9 1.6 -0.4 : : : 0.0 : 2.0 5.1 0.5 14.1 -2.5 0.8 : 2.11995 3.4 -0.2 5.6 15.1 3.1 7.7 1.3 5.7 -0.6 : 14.9 -1.5 : 5.9 0.2 4.2 16.8 0.6 12.5 : 2.51996 0.6 -0.4 19.7 16.4 9.1 2.4 0.8 2.5 -4.2 34.1 21.1 -4.2 -8.4 6.7 4.4 5.2 8.1 28.7 10.0 1.8 1.61997 6.7 0.5 23.5 15.8 3.5 5.5 0.8 2.0 4.2 5.1 25.6 6.3 -4.5 6.4 0.7 14.2 12.2 13.5 10.9 2.6 2.51998 2.3 4.0 22.9 13.4 22.6 10.8 6.4 4.0 -15.2 43.0 21.2 11.0 -3.4 6.8 3.4 11.7 8.0 8.4 10.7 6.0 6.01999 4.1 4.3 -14.3 14.1 7.4 9.9 7.8 4.4 14.9 4.5 -5.9 17.9 4.0 10.0 1.2 6.1 13.4 -15.1 4.5 5.9 6.02000 5.0 2.1 14.2 5.1 2.9 7.5 6.6 6.8 -1.0 22.1 -6.9 -4.3 17.5 2.3 5.8 4.1 2.4 -12.2 6.2 4.6 4.7

1991-2000 1.6 1.9 : 7.6 4.1 3.3 1.7 1.2 : : : 4.1 : 4.1 2.8 4.8 5.6 : 0.6 : 2.1

2001 1.6 -2.6 13.0 5.8 5.4 4.2 2.3 2.7 0.0 19.3 12.7 6.1 -8.4 1.3 -1.1 1.0 2.0 13.0 1.8 1.0 0.92002 -4.1 -6.1 23.6 5.6 -0.3 4.1 -0.9 3.9 11.4 -3.9 11.1 1.6 -17.0 -4.1 -2.9 -3.4 -0.4 -0.3 -3.0 -1.4 -1.42003 -0.1 -1.6 17.7 8.0 15.1 6.5 1.9 -0.6 1.9 10.8 14.1 0.8 33.6 -1.7 3.8 -7.3 5.8 -4.4 2.8 1.1 1.02004 9.0 -0.4 5.5 9.8 3.0 4.6 3.5 1.6 5.8 28.4 15.8 6.0 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.2 5.5 5.9 4.7 2.4 2.32005 5.7 0.9 15.4 16.8 -11.9 7.0 2.9 1.6 6.5 20.9 11.5 -1.0 16.1 3.3 0.3 0.1 3.6 16.9 3.3 2.8 2.62006 1.9 7.5 22.8 7.2 19.4 7.2 3.6 2.5 20.9 14.3 19.6 3.3 2.6 7.0 1.2 -0.8 10.2 6.8 1.4 5.4 5.32007 7.3 3.6 10.3 0.0 15.9 3.9 5.5 1.5 7.5 22.4 22.3 12.5 5.6 14.8 4.6 3.1 11.9 10.1 10.3 5.1 4.92008 1.9 1.6 -13.1 -11.6 -7.2 -4.3 0.9 -3.2 8.4 -10.2 -4.0 11.9 -9.2 -3.0 1.6 0.4 7.0 3.7 0.6 -1.1 -1.22009 -6.6 -9.5 -37.2 -16.9 -13.9 -17.3 -9.1 -9.7 -13.6 -34.6 -38.9 -12.4 -11.8 -8.6 -7.2 -7.5 -22.1 -19.7 -12.0 -11.0 -10.62010 0.0 5.3 -2.2 -15.0 -19.3 -5.4 2.1 -0.2 -1.4 -19.7 1.5 3.5 26.4 -6.8 -2.6 -1.1 -13.4 8.1 2.3 -0.3 -0.3

2001-2010 1.6 -0.3 3.8 0.3 -0.2 0.8 1.2 -0.1 4.4 2.7 4.8 3.0 2.7 0.0 -0.2 -1.6 0.5 3.5 1.1 0.3 0.3

2011 5.2 7.4 35.6 -1.1 -20.5 -7.6 2.1 -1.4 -11.7 23.8 20.1 13.7 -16.4 4.9 6.6 -12.6 -4.9 14.2 3.9 1.6 1.52012 0.6 -0.2 11.9 17.3 -23.5 -7.4 0.2 -9.7 -19.7 16.1 -1.8 6.1 1.5 -6.3 0.9 -16.7 -8.5 -10.1 -0.3 -3.2 -3.12013 -2.3 -1.3 1.5 -4.1 -8.4 -3.8 -0.8 -6.4 -15.6 -5.9 8.3 1.2 1.3 -1.6 1.6 -4.8 3.4 1.3 -4.6 -2.4 -2.42014 5.4 3.2 -2.7 18.5 -4.7 4.1 0.0 -2.2 -10.9 -0.3 5.7 9.5 7.0 -2.4 -0.4 2.3 -0.1 2.8 -1.8 1.4 1.42015 3.7 1.8 -3.2 52.9 0.7 4.9 1.0 1.8 -0.2 -1.2 4.9 -7.7 55.7 29.0 2.3 5.9 -1.2 21.6 0.5 4.8 4.72016 3.8 3.8 0.9 50.6 4.7 2.4 2.7 4.0 48.9 -8.2 3.4 4.6 -0.3 -7.3 4.1 2.5 -3.7 -9.3 8.8 4.0 4.22017 1.3 2.4 12.5 -6.7 9.1 5.9 4.7 3.2 24.1 11.3 8.2 5.6 -6.9 4.2 4.0 11.5 10.4 3.9 4.0 3.4 3.32018 4.0 3.5 1.7 -21.1 -12.2 5.3 2.8 3.1 -6.6 15.8 8.4 -5.9 -2.1 3.2 3.9 5.8 9.1 3.7 3.7 2.3 2.32019 3.1 2.6 13.2 94.2 4.7 1.8 3.6 1.4 0.1 3.1 7.4 3.9 7.2 5.3 2.9 6.3 3.2 4.4 -0.8 5.7 5.72020 -15.3 -5.8 -8.7 -41.6 -30.0 -20.7 -13.3 -14.2 -6.1 -12.0 -5.0 -12.0 -7.0 -11.2 -9.5 -8.6 -13.0 -14.7 -9.8 -13.3 -13.4

2011-2020 0.8 1.7 5.6 9.7 -8.9 -1.9 0.2 -2.2 -1.5 3.6 5.8 1.6 2.6 1.3 1.6 -1.2 -0.8 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

2021 15.9 5.9 6.3 16.9 33.0 10.3 14.0 13.0 5.3 9.2 7.9 8.5 5.0 5.9 6.9 8.9 11.7 10.7 9.1 10.2 10.2


49

National final uses

20. Gross fixed capital formation at 2015 reference levels; total economy



1961-1970 : : 7.7 : : : : 5.1 : 6.2 : : : : 8.1 5.3 15.7 4.7

1971-1980 : : 0.5 : : : : 0.6 : 1.7 : : : : 2.1 1.1 3.5 3.3

1981-1990 : : 3.3 : : : : 4.1 : 2.7 : : : : 10.2 4.1 5.7 3.5

1991 : -24.9 -2.3 : : -4.5 -31.6 -8.8 : -0.6 : : : : 0.4 -7.9 2.5 -4.11992 : 5.1 -0.5 : -2.6 2.4 11.0 -10.6 : -0.5 : : : : 6.4 -1.6 -2.2 4.11993 : 6.2 -2.6 : 2.0 2.9 8.3 -16.9 : -5.4 : : : : 26.4 0.8 -2.7 5.11994 : 11.3 6.9 : 12.5 9.2 20.7 7.6 : 2.3 : : : : -16.0 1.6 -1.5 6.11995 16.1 20.8 10.6 : -4.3 16.6 6.9 8.0 : 2.4 : : : : 9.1 -0.5 3.5 5.21996 -67.7 9.8 5.3 34.4 4.6 19.7 8.4 5.1 2.3 2.2 : : 6.5 10.4 14.1 4.7 6.5 7.71997 150.5 -5.2 10.2 24.9 8.7 22.3 -1.4 1.9 3.1 2.1 -20.6 : -4.3 23.0 14.8 -1.6 -2.0 7.21998 32.6 -1.1 6.6 2.2 11.4 14.2 -4.7 7.8 6.2 6.3 12.8 : -2.6 3.6 -3.9 7.7 -4.0 9.31999 22.4 -2.6 -0.3 -3.2 8.0 6.8 -1.9 6.0 5.7 5.3 37.3 : -1.4 -17.6 -14.5 2.2 -1.0 8.32000 16.5 8.4 8.2 -3.1 6.0 2.2 5.9 6.4 4.8 4.8 42.6 : -1.5 4.9 21.9 4.4 0.5 6.4

1991-2000 : 2.0 4.1 : : 8.9 1.2 0.3 : 1.8 : : : : 5.0 0.9 -0.1 5.5

2001 19.8 5.6 -0.5 6.0 2.7 -10.6 10.5 2.3 0.9 1.2 22.7 : 9.7 4.5 -27.0 2.3 -1.7 -0.42002 8.1 2.2 -2.3 14.1 7.7 -6.1 7.3 -1.6 -1.3 -0.7 5.2 : -0.1 29.7 17.8 3.5 -5.1 -1.72003 12.9 1.8 1.6 23.5 1.2 1.2 10.3 2.6 1.3 1.3 7.9 : -4.5 21.4 19.4 2.4 -0.8 4.22004 13.8 3.9 3.5 5.4 7.9 6.7 9.6 5.4 2.7 2.2 11.8 : 7.9 19.0 31.9 1.4 0.1 6.02005 26.7 6.4 5.9 3.9 3.6 8.3 11.5 4.9 3.2 3.1 7.1 : -10.3 5.6 19.6 4.9 3.1 6.12006 13.0 5.9 13.7 10.1 0.7 15.4 26.5 9.0 6.1 5.3 7.6 : 6.7 15.6 15.4 3.5 0.4 2.72007 13.1 13.5 0.7 7.2 4.6 19.0 51.0 8.3 6.1 4.8 4.6 79.8 17.5 25.5 5.5 3.7 -1.9 -0.62008 22.0 2.5 -2.5 9.2 1.2 8.8 17.8 0.5 -0.3 -1.8 4.4 31.6 17.8 8.1 -2.7 -5.3 -3.8 -4.22009 -17.7 -10.1 -13.0 -14.4 -9.1 -2.7 -33.9 -12.6 -11.3 -11.0 1.0 -28.9 2.7 -22.5 -20.5 -12.4 -9.7 -12.62010 -17.6 1.3 -5.7 -15.2 -9.5 0.0 -2.8 6.5 -0.4 0.3 -8.5 -18.5 -4.0 -6.5 22.5 3.6 -1.6 2.2

2001-2010 8.3 3.1 -0.1 4.4 0.9 3.6 8.7 2.3 0.6 0.4 6.1 : 4.0 8.9 6.4 0.6 -2.2 0.0

2011 -4.4 0.9 0.4 -2.7 -1.3 8.8 6.1 5.9 2.0 1.3 5.9 -7.2 13.3 4.7 23.8 -1.1 1.7 4.62012 1.8 -3.1 3.7 -3.3 -3.0 -1.8 3.1 -1.3 -2.8 -2.3 -7.9 -2.4 6.5 13.9 2.7 2.0 3.5 6.92013 0.5 -2.5 2.7 1.4 9.8 -1.1 -5.6 0.5 -2.0 -1.4 -2.0 10.7 3.5 -12.0 13.8 3.5 4.9 3.62014 3.5 3.9 3.1 -2.8 12.3 10.0 3.3 6.1 2.1 2.3 -4.5 -2.5 4.0 -3.4 5.1 6.6 3.1 5.12015 2.7 10.2 5.5 3.8 4.8 6.1 7.5 5.8 5.0 4.6 3.5 11.9 10.5 4.9 9.3 3.7 1.6 3.22016 -6.6 -3.1 7.9 6.5 -10.6 -8.2 -0.2 4.1 3.3 4.1 2.4 38.4 9.9 5.4 2.2 3.6 -0.3 1.92017 3.2 3.7 3.0 5.1 18.7 4.0 3.6 5.6 3.7 3.2 6.0 18.7 -3.8 7.3 8.2 1.6 3.0 3.72018 5.4 7.6 5.4 4.1 17.1 9.4 -1.2 4.2 2.9 2.1 2.4 14.7 6.0 17.8 -0.6 -0.2 0.6 4.12019 2.2 2.8 3.4 7.1 15.3 7.2 18.2 -1.2 5.7 4.7 -4.1 -1.5 : 16.4 -12.4 0.6 1.3 1.82020 -18.0 -14.5 -9.5 -8.2 -18.7 -8.4 -15.0 -14.3 -13.2 -13.5 -7.0 -7.5 : -13.5 -14.3 -14.3 -8.4 -6.4

2011-2020 -1.2 0.4 2.5 1.0 3.7 2.4 1.6 1.4 0.5 0.4 -0.6 6.5 : 3.6 3.2 0.4 1.0 2.8

2021 1.0 9.6 7.9 4.2 8.9 5.9 5.0 6.7 9.7 10.2 -0.5 -8.4 : 19.4 -3.3 11.5 1.6 1.3


50

National final uses

21. Changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 0.9 1.8 : 1.4 2.1 2.0 1.9 0.7 1.1 : : 0.8 2.4 1.7 1.7 2.0 : : 0.9 : 1.6

1971-1980 0.9 1.3 : 1.4 3.4 1.2 1.3 0.3 2.9 : : -1.7 2.1 0.2 1.4 2.7 : : 1.3 : 1.1

1981-1990 0.3 0.2 : 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.5 : : 1.7 1.7 0.0 0.4 1.7 : : 0.7 : 0.3

1991 0.7 0.5

1991 0.1 0.9 : 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.5 24.9 : 2.4 0.0 0.5 0.5 -0.3 -3.7 6.9 -1.8 : 0.51992 0.1 0.1 : -0.6 -0.3 0.7 -0.1 0.3 3.0 27.1 : 2.7 0.0 0.7 0.3 -0.3 -1.0 -4.8 -1.2 : 0.11993 0.3 -0.1 2.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 -1.2 -0.2 1.4 -4.1 : 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -0.9 0.5 -5.3 -0.6 : -0.41994 0.8 0.2 0.6 -0.4 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.1 4.9 3.8 : 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.0 0.8 -5.6 1.1 : 0.21995 0.6 0.8 -0.1 0.8 2.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.4 1.4 2.4 -0.7 7.1 0.8 1.5 0.9 2.3 -2.4 1.1 0.7 0.71996 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.7 2.6 0.5 -0.2 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.5 -0.3 3.0 1.0 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.0 -0.3 0.3 0.31997 0.4 0.7 2.1 1.2 2.2 0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.5 3.4 2.2 0.5 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.5 1.0 -0.2 0.4 0.5 0.51998 0.6 1.2 0.3 1.6 1.5 0.7 0.8 0.2 -0.6 1.8 0.5 1.3 -1.9 1.1 0.6 1.0 1.1 -2.4 0.8 0.8 0.81999 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.5 -0.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 -1.4 -0.7 -0.6 0.5 -0.5 0.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 -1.4 0.0 0.6 0.72000 1.3 1.4 1.8 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.1 0.5 -0.5 -0.4 2.0 4.1 0.0 0.3 0.8 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

1991-2000 0.5 0.6 : 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.1 5.8 : 0.9 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 -1.3 0.0 : 0.4

2001 0.2 1.2 2.1 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 -1.1 0.7 -1.5 0.2 -1.9 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.3 1.7 0.3 0.7 0.72002 0.1 0.7 2.4 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 -0.5 3.6 -0.1 -1.3 -0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.9 2.5 0.5 0.4 0.42003 0.5 0.9 2.4 0.8 2.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 -0.6 5.4 0.3 0.1 -1.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.6 1.5 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.52004 1.2 0.7 2.9 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.3 1.4 4.2 -0.2 0.0 -1.5 0.0 0.5 0.4 2.8 2.9 0.6 0.6 0.52005 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.7 -0.1 0.9 3.8 0.7 1.9 -0.7 0.0 0.8 0.2 1.9 3.5 1.7 0.5 0.42006 1.6 0.8 3.0 0.9 2.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 -0.5 5.0 0.8 0.7 -0.7 0.0 1.0 0.4 2.5 2.9 1.2 0.7 0.72007 1.3 1.3 3.6 0.5 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.6 -1.2 5.1 3.5 0.8 -1.4 0.1 1.7 0.6 4.4 2.8 1.4 1.0 0.92008 1.8 1.1 0.5 -0.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.8 3.2 1.8 0.4 2.1 0.2 1.2 0.7 3.4 3.7 0.8 0.8 0.72009 -0.6 -0.7 -1.7 -0.9 -2.5 0.2 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 -0.3 -5.5 -2.2 2.6 -0.6 0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.3 -1.5 -0.6 -0.62010 1.0 0.5 0.5 -0.3 -0.5 0.5 -0.2 0.6 1.6 0.8 1.2 0.3 2.2 0.5 1.0 0.6 1.3 2.7 -0.2 0.4 0.4

2001-2010 0.9 0.7 1.6 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 3.1 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.7 0.3 1.8 2.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

2011 1.5 1.3 -0.8 0.5 -0.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 -0.1 3.4 3.4 0.3 1.4 -0.1 1.7 0.2 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.9 0.92012 0.7 -0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.5 0.7 0.9 2.3 -0.8 -0.2 0.0 1.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.1 -0.12013 0.3 0.2 -0.7 0.2 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 -0.3 -1.2 0.9 1.0 -0.5 1.5 0.2 0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.12014 0.3 0.3 1.3 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.5 0.52015 0.7 0.0 0.5 1.7 -1.3 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.6 1.1 -0.3 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.52016 1.0 -0.1 2.1 1.8 -0.6 0.8 0.8 0.4 -0.7 1.3 -0.7 0.9 0.2 0.5 1.1 0.3 1.1 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.52017 1.0 0.2 1.8 2.0 -0.4 0.8 0.9 0.6 -1.2 1.2 -0.8 -0.2 -1.4 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.7 1.8 0.7 0.6 0.62018 1.7 0.6 2.4 0.4 2.0 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.5 -0.7 0.7 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.9 2.2 1.2 0.7 0.72019 1.5 -0.4 2.0 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.8 -4.0 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.6 1.4 2.2 0.4 0.2 0.22020 1.3 0.1 1.7 0.4 1.2 0.9 -0.2 -0.8 0.0 -0.8 -4.7 0.6 0.3 0.1 1.2 0.3 1.2 1.8 0.0 0.1 0.1

2011-2020 1.0 0.2 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.1 -0.2 0.8 -0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.9 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.4

2021 1.3 0.0 1.9 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.0 -0.5 0.0 -0.8 -3.0 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.3 2.1 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.2


51

National final uses

21. Changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 : : 1.8 : : : : 2.4 : 1.5 : : : : 0.5 1.0 3.1 0.9

1971-1980 : : 0.9 : 3.6 : : 1.5 : 1.0 : : : : -0.1 0.5 1.1 0.7

1981-1990 : : 0.5 : 3.3 7.4 3.3 0.1 : 0.3 : : : : -0.1 0.1 0.5 0.4

1991 0.2

1991 4.4 -1.1 0.0 : -0.5 0.4 13.7 -0.8 : 0.3 : : : : 0.7 -0.7 0.7 0.01992 3.7 -1.5 0.3 : -3.8 -1.5 12.2 0.0 : 0.1 : : : : 0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.21993 2.3 -0.5 -0.7 : 1.1 -0.3 11.0 -0.3 : -0.3 : : : : -0.3 0.0 0.1 0.31994 -4.4 0.8 0.4 : 2.1 -0.3 4.5 1.0 : 0.2 : : : : 1.8 0.5 0.0 0.91995 1.1 0.4 1.2 2.4 1.4 2.2 2.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 : : 4.2 2.5 -0.6 0.5 0.3 0.41996 -3.3 1.7 0.5 1.7 1.9 2.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 : : 2.7 4.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.41997 0.0 0.4 1.2 4.0 3.0 1.5 -0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 : : 3.6 3.2 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.81998 4.1 -0.1 1.1 0.6 4.6 1.2 -0.4 0.7 0.9 0.8 : : 4.8 -3.2 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.71999 3.6 -0.2 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.2 -2.4 0.3 0.6 0.6 : : 3.1 -4.0 1.4 0.7 -0.7 0.62000 2.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 2.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 : 5.5 1.6 -3.0 1.5 0.6 -0.1 0.5

1991-2000 1.4 0.1 0.5 : 1.4 0.8 4.1 0.4 : 0.4 : : : : 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.5

2001 2.1 1.1 0.5 1.7 1.4 0.1 1.7 0.3 0.7 0.6 : 5.9 -4.6 5.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 -0.42002 1.6 0.9 0.7 2.4 0.9 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.4 : 4.1 -0.5 3.8 1.6 0.5 -0.4 0.22003 2.3 0.3 0.2 2.3 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 : 2.1 -2.1 2.8 1.6 0.4 -0.1 0.12004 2.5 1.2 1.0 1.2 2.8 1.9 1.9 0.0 0.6 0.5 : -0.5 -0.2 6.6 -0.2 0.3 0.3 0.52005 2.1 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.5 0.4 : -0.3 0.8 3.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.42006 4.6 2.1 1.0 2.6 2.3 1.3 0.9 0.0 0.8 0.7 : 1.1 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.52007 5.3 2.6 1.8 2.5 0.5 2.7 -4.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 : 1.9 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.22008 3.9 2.1 1.0 2.7 1.3 1.5 -4.2 0.0 0.8 0.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.7 2.1 0.0 0.6 -0.22009 0.8 -0.5 -1.1 0.1 -2.4 -0.9 1.2 -1.5 -0.6 -0.7 1.8 -0.4 1.2 0.0 0.6 -1.0 -1.0 -1.02010 0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.9 0.1 1.4 -0.1 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.4

2001-2010 2.5 1.1 0.6 1.7 1.0 0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.5 0.4 : 1.6 0.0 2.6 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.1

2011 0.5 0.5 1.0 -0.1 0.7 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 2.0 -0.2 3.4 0.8 3.2 0.2 0.2 0.32012 0.8 0.3 0.7 -0.6 0.1 1.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 1.8 0.8 5.6 -0.9 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.42013 -0.2 -0.4 0.6 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 2.0 -0.6 5.1 0.9 1.2 0.6 -0.1 0.62014 0.4 0.7 0.9 -0.1 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.2 6.9 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.52015 0.1 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.4 -0.1 6.6 1.8 -1.3 0.5 0.2 0.72016 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.7 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.4 8.1 1.0 -1.1 0.2 0.1 0.12017 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.8 0.6 2.3 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 3.3 9.8 1.8 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.22018 2.5 0.7 0.9 3.2 2.1 2.5 1.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 -0.7 2.7 12.1 2.6 -0.3 0.3 0.2 0.32019 1.2 0.8 0.5 2.1 0.0 1.0 -0.7 0.7 0.3 0.2 -0.4 3.5 : 1.1 -1.0 0.3 0.2 0.32020 1.0 0.7 0.7 2.3 -0.1 0.7 -1.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 -0.6 3.6 5.0 1.1 -0.6 0.4 0.3 -0.1

2011-2020 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.6 : 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3

2021 1.0 0.7 0.5 2.1 0.2 0.8 -1.0 0.7 0.2 0.2 -0.6 3.5 4.7 0.9 -0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2


52

National final uses

22. Domestic demand including stocks at current prices



1960-1970 100.4 97.8 : 107.7 107.6 103.4 99.2 99.4 107.4 : : 86.3 113.6 99.0 101.1 104.5 : : 101.0 : 99.5

1971-1980 100.2 98.1 : 110.8 106.7 102.6 99.9 100.3 116.6 : : 86.2 111.2 97.1 101.7 109.0 : : 100.7 : 99.8

1981-1990 99.6 96.5 : 100.4 107.1 101.7 100.8 100.1 106.9 : : 89.9 108.3 95.4 100.5 109.5 : : 99.5 : 99.3

1991 94.6 98.9

1991 98.4 100.5 : 94.7 110.4 104.2 100.3 99.9 109.0 93.5 91.0 88.4 106.9 94.9 100.4 109.3 91.0 106.4 101.2 : 100.61992 97.7 100.5 : 92.0 109.1 103.9 99.3 100.1 109.3 96.1 96.1 84.1 103.1 95.3 100.8 108.9 93.4 107.4 99.4 : 100.31993 96.9 99.9 103.4 89.1 109.1 101.7 98.3 97.0 98.9 87.5 107.3 82.4 105.6 93.6 100.7 107.4 99.3 107.7 95.8 98.9 98.91994 96.4 99.8 109.7 89.8 107.2 101.1 98.5 96.7 98.8 100.6 105.5 80.4 106.1 93.4 101.3 107.5 98.2 97.5 94.7 98.7 98.71995 96.1 99.6 106.9 88.8 108.3 101.1 98.4 96.3 100.9 104.8 110.6 79.7 109.4 93.4 101.3 106.4 102.2 100.7 93.2 98.5 98.51996 96.8 99.3 108.1 90.2 108.9 100.2 98.2 95.5 100.4 109.0 109.3 77.4 109.4 94.0 101.4 107.1 101.2 113.2 93.9 98.3 98.21997 96.1 98.9 109.1 88.7 106.8 99.8 97.0 96.3 101.4 109.1 110.1 78.9 104.9 93.6 100.6 108.0 101.1 110.4 93.2 97.9 97.81998 96.4 98.8 109.7 88.4 109.7 100.5 97.3 97.0 97.5 112.1 111.4 80.5 102.6 93.9 100.0 109.2 101.7 111.0 92.7 98.1 98.01999 96.0 99.4 104.0 87.3 108.9 101.9 97.6 98.2 97.4 109.8 110.0 77.6 102.3 94.6 99.6 110.4 104.3 104.8 91.5 98.7 98.62000 97.1 99.8 102.4 86.4 111.0 103.0 98.7 99.2 97.6 108.0 106.2 75.0 107.2 93.5 99.0 111.0 103.7 102.4 91.4 99.2 99.2

1991-2000 96.8 99.7 : 89.5 108.9 101.7 98.4 97.6 101.1 103.0 105.8 80.4 105.7 94.0 100.5 108.5 99.6 106.1 94.7 : 98.9

2001 96.4 98.4 103.0 85.4 110.6 102.3 98.4 98.7 95.4 110.4 105.5 76.5 101.7 93.4 98.2 110.2 101.0 107.4 90.7 98.5 98.52002 94.4 95.7 106.5 84.7 110.1 102.0 98.0 99.2 98.8 110.2 105.7 74.9 95.6 93.2 96.0 108.2 99.0 106.4 90.9 97.5 97.52003 94.6 96.2 108.3 86.5 111.1 102.2 98.6 99.5 98.5 112.6 105.8 76.3 99.1 93.4 97.5 106.4 100.3 100.5 93.0 98.0 98.02004 95.1 94.8 107.5 87.4 108.5 103.7 99.0 99.4 100.1 115.6 107.0 75.1 101.3 92.3 96.8 107.9 101.4 101.6 93.4 97.8 97.72005 96.0 94.8 104.6 90.2 108.3 104.8 99.9 100.1 100.5 114.5 107.2 74.4 102.4 91.5 97.0 108.8 100.6 103.1 95.7 98.4 98.32006 96.0 94.6 109.8 92.3 110.5 105.7 100.2 100.8 102.9 120.7 110.3 68.1 103.4 91.4 96.1 107.8 100.0 102.1 95.1 98.7 98.62007 95.9 93.2 108.3 91.6 112.5 105.8 100.7 100.3 104.8 119.0 113.1 66.7 99.4 92.9 95.3 107.6 101.3 99.6 94.9 98.5 98.32008 99.3 93.9 103.4 92.1 112.6 104.7 101.2 100.8 112.8 112.9 111.6 69.3 100.2 91.5 95.6 109.6 102.1 101.8 96.1 98.8 98.72009 97.7 95.0 94.9 88.1 109.8 100.9 100.8 100.6 105.3 101.6 101.7 67.8 101.5 92.4 96.9 106.9 98.6 100.2 97.7 98.4 98.32010 98.3 94.7 93.6 83.6 108.6 101.0 101.3 101.9 108.3 101.5 102.0 67.1 100.9 91.9 96.6 107.6 98.9 100.3 98.4 98.5 98.4

2001-2010 96.4 95.1 104.0 88.2 110.3 103.3 99.8 100.1 102.8 111.9 107.0 71.6 100.6 92.4 96.6 108.1 100.3 102.3 94.6 98.3 98.2

2011 100.1 95.1 94.3 81.8 106.8 99.7 101.9 101.4 103.8 105.0 102.7 67.5 97.8 91.5 97.4 104.2 98.8 99.3 100.6 98.4 98.42012 99.9 93.9 98.4 83.4 104.4 97.9 101.3 98.9 101.9 104.4 99.4 69.0 95.4 90.3 97.3 100.5 96.6 94.5 101.5 97.1 97.12013 99.2 94.2 97.3 80.7 102.8 96.1 101.0 97.6 98.4 103.5 98.5 68.0 93.7 89.8 97.3 98.9 95.3 94.4 101.1 96.5 96.52014 99.2 93.4 96.5 81.3 102.4 96.9 101.1 97.1 99.1 102.0 98.2 67.6 87.7 88.9 96.7 99.9 93.2 95.2 100.9 96.1 96.12015 98.6 92.4 96.1 71.0 99.9 97.0 100.6 97.0 97.4 100.9 101.0 66.0 90.3 92.5 96.3 99.3 92.0 96.9 100.6 95.5 95.52016 98.8 92.6 97.5 83.5 100.7 96.0 100.6 96.7 98.3 99.0 99.2 64.6 86.2 89.8 96.2 98.9 91.5 97.1 101.2 95.6 95.52017 98.6 92.9 96.7 77.6 101.0 96.4 101.1 97.1 100.4 99.8 97.6 64.8 78.7 89.2 96.5 99.0 91.0 97.8 99.9 95.6 95.62018 100.2 93.8 95.5 66.7 100.3 97.3 100.8 97.6 99.2 100.2 98.1 64.0 78.9 89.0 96.2 99.6 91.3 98.0 100.9 95.7 95.72019 100.0 94.0 96.7 86.2 100.0 97.2 100.5 96.9 100.4 99.9 95.0 64.0 79.8 89.3 96.4 99.9 90.9 99.0 99.7 96.1 96.12020 99.9 94.7 98.0 70.6 101.1 96.6 100.1 96.3 105.4 100.1 95.7 66.2 82.9 89.6 97.7 101.0 90.9 98.7 100.2 95.7 95.7

2011-2020 99.4 93.7 96.7 78.3 101.9 97.1 100.9 97.7 100.4 101.5 98.5 66.2 87.1 90.0 96.8 100.1 93.1 97.1 100.7 96.2 96.2

2021 100.0 94.0 96.9 72.0 100.8 96.6 100.6 96.4 104.7 99.9 95.6 65.4 80.8 90.2 97.0 100.0 90.7 98.5 100.4 95.7 95.6


53

National final uses

22. Domestic demand including stocks at current prices



1960-1970 : : 101.8 : : : : 100.9 : 99.8 : : : : 92.9 100.5 99.7 99.4

1971-1980 : : 102.2 : 104.6 : : 100.4 : 100.0 : : : : 96.3 100.9 99.5 100.3

1981-1990 : : 97.8 : 98.6 98.0 96.1 99.2 : 99.4 : : : : 94.0 100.3 98.1 101.8

1991 99.0

1991 88.5 93.3 93.8 : 100.9 102.7 103.4 99.4 : 100.4 : : : : 99.8 100.4 98.5 100.51992 97.8 98.5 93.1 : 100.2 99.4 107.8 99.3 : 100.2 : : : : 98.4 100.7 98.0 100.51993 99.5 98.7 92.5 : 108.2 99.7 104.4 97.6 : 98.9 : : : : 100.5 100.4 97.9 100.91994 93.0 101.3 94.1 : 106.4 98.1 101.5 96.9 : 98.8 : : : : 100.4 100.0 98.1 101.31995 90.6 103.1 95.3 109.9 100.0 97.8 105.0 94.6 98.4 98.5 : : 109.2 103.1 96.9 99.7 98.7 101.21996 88.8 104.9 94.3 108.1 99.5 101.3 107.9 94.7 98.2 98.3 125.4 : 109.7 106.7 97.0 99.8 99.6 101.21997 87.3 104.2 95.6 114.6 99.0 103.8 106.8 94.0 97.9 97.9 128.5 : 112.9 107.5 99.9 99.5 98.9 101.21998 93.2 100.3 96.9 108.4 101.6 104.7 107.8 94.7 98.2 98.4 126.9 : 114.3 104.8 99.1 100.6 98.2 101.81999 104.6 100.4 94.0 107.7 102.7 105.8 104.7 95.0 98.7 98.9 121.1 : 109.4 104.6 100.2 101.4 98.4 102.72000 105.3 101.8 93.3 104.6 103.7 106.3 105.3 95.2 99.2 99.5 124.3 120.6 114.3 104.9 103.1 101.7 98.6 103.7

1991-2000 94.9 100.6 94.3 : 102.2 101.9 105.5 96.1 : 99.0 : : : : 99.5 100.4 98.5 101.5

2001 109.3 101.3 92.9 105.1 101.3 103.6 107.7 94.9 98.5 99.0 125.6 130.4 113.1 115.2 96.2 102.2 99.3 103.52002 108.0 101.3 93.1 109.5 102.0 103.4 105.7 94.8 97.7 98.3 127.4 131.4 118.9 116.7 98.5 102.6 98.6 103.92003 110.2 101.2 93.2 110.5 103.9 102.7 107.8 94.8 98.1 98.5 127.3 122.8 115.8 114.9 101.1 102.2 98.3 104.42004 111.2 99.2 94.4 108.6 104.0 102.7 109.1 93.4 97.9 98.4 126.2 122.5 119.5 124.0 102.6 102.5 98.0 105.12005 114.7 97.7 94.5 108.8 102.3 101.1 110.3 94.0 98.4 98.9 125.9 124.0 116.2 117.1 103.4 102.4 98.5 105.52006 117.1 97.3 95.9 108.5 101.1 102.1 112.1 93.6 98.8 99.0 126.2 136.9 117.0 118.0 104.9 102.1 98.6 105.62007 118.8 97.6 97.1 108.4 99.5 103.5 114.1 94.3 98.7 98.9 128.6 142.7 117.9 121.0 104.8 102.0 98.1 105.02008 119.7 97.8 96.5 110.2 99.6 105.0 112.9 94.7 99.2 99.1 129.3 153.3 125.1 121.8 104.3 102.2 99.6 104.92009 108.3 96.1 95.5 105.6 96.0 100.9 106.4 94.9 98.4 98.7 126.5 130.8 121.6 113.3 100.8 101.6 99.4 102.72010 102.9 96.9 93.1 101.7 94.7 102.0 106.4 95.1 98.4 98.8 119.6 125.7 118.3 112.2 105.0 102.0 98.5 103.4

2001-2010 112.0 98.6 94.6 107.7 100.4 102.7 109.3 94.5 98.4 98.7 126.3 132.0 118.3 117.4 102.2 102.2 98.7 104.4

2011 99.6 96.2 93.6 102.0 93.9 102.0 105.8 95.6 98.3 98.6 120.7 122.0 118.9 112.8 108.1 100.9 100.5 103.72012 103.2 95.2 94.0 101.7 93.2 100.4 105.1 95.4 97.1 97.6 117.1 124.4 121.5 113.8 104.9 101.2 101.5 103.52013 100.4 94.2 93.4 102.2 93.0 98.1 100.8 96.0 96.5 97.2 119.1 120.1 118.1 108.2 105.8 101.3 102.3 102.92014 101.0 93.6 93.0 100.4 93.7 98.6 100.4 96.5 96.2 97.0 117.9 119.8 117.2 108.1 103.9 101.4 102.5 102.92015 99.0 94.0 93.2 99.8 92.0 96.9 100.6 96.0 95.6 96.6 117.6 118.5 116.2 107.0 102.6 101.4 100.4 102.92016 95.0 92.3 93.3 98.9 91.3 96.0 100.9 96.3 95.6 96.6 117.5 122.5 114.9 104.8 102.9 101.6 99.0 102.82017 95.7 92.5 93.0 99.4 92.7 95.8 102.1 96.8 95.6 96.5 116.2 123.4 113.8 106.6 104.5 101.2 99.1 102.92018 97.4 93.6 94.0 100.8 95.6 96.6 103.0 97.5 95.8 96.6 114.3 123.9 112.6 108.5 101.1 101.2 99.8 103.12019 96.6 93.9 93.3 100.6 96.3 94.7 103.9 96.2 96.1 96.9 114.3 121.3 113.9 108.8 98.2 101.2 99.8 102.92020 98.1 95.0 94.7 104.8 95.1 94.5 102.8 96.7 95.8 96.7 115.6 119.5 114.2 107.7 98.6 101.4 100.4 103.8

2011-2020 98.6 94.0 93.5 101.1 93.7 97.4 102.5 96.3 96.3 97.0 117.0 121.5 116.1 108.6 103.1 101.3 100.5 103.1

2021 96.0 94.8 94.2 102.0 94.2 94.4 102.7 96.0 95.7 96.6 114.6 119.1 115.4 109.6 95.5 101.7 100.2 104.6


54

National final uses

23. Domestic demand including stocks at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 4.6 4.7 : 4.6 8.8 7.8 5.9 6.4 : : : 3.6 : 5.7 4.5 6.4 : : 5.2 : 5.7

1971-1980 3.6 2.9 : 4.6 4.2 3.5 3.5 3.2 : : : 3.0 : 2.7 3.8 5.1 : : 3.8 : 3.3

1981-1990 1.7 1.9 : 1.7 1.3 3.4 2.5 2.4 : : : 4.0 : 1.8 2.1 4.2 : : 3.4 : 2.3

1991 1.7 4.7 : 0.2 3.5 3.0 0.4 2.3 : : : 8.6 : 2.1 3.5 5.9 -8.7 : -8.1 : 2.41992 1.8 2.7 : -0.1 -0.6 1.0 0.7 0.7 : : : -4.3 : 1.6 2.3 5.2 -2.4 : -5.7 : 1.41993 -0.9 -1.2 : 1.0 -1.0 -3.3 -1.4 -4.4 : : : 4.6 : -0.8 0.1 -1.4 10.8 6.7 -4.7 : -2.01994 2.4 2.5 2.6 5.1 1.1 1.5 2.4 1.5 : : : 2.4 : 2.8 3.2 2.4 5.5 -4.8 3.8 : 2.31995 2.1 1.6 5.1 7.0 3.5 3.1 1.7 1.8 10.2 : : 0.7 : 3.3 2.6 2.1 9.5 10.0 6.0 : 2.11996 1.5 0.4 9.8 8.3 4.2 2.1 1.0 0.7 0.9 6.3 8.7 1.7 2.8 4.1 2.0 3.6 2.9 16.8 3.2 1.3 1.31997 2.8 1.0 15.0 9.2 2.9 3.4 1.0 2.8 3.4 5.5 12.1 4.6 -0.1 4.7 1.2 5.4 5.2 4.5 5.8 2.1 2.11998 2.5 2.4 7.1 9.6 6.9 5.9 4.1 3.1 2.8 11.6 8.4 5.8 -1.1 5.5 2.9 6.9 4.4 3.7 6.1 3.7 3.71999 2.6 2.8 -4.0 8.7 2.6 6.0 3.8 2.9 5.4 2.4 -1.0 8.4 5.8 5.2 2.8 5.6 8.4 -6.2 2.3 3.5 3.62000 3.7 2.0 8.6 9.1 4.9 5.1 4.3 3.4 6.3 1.6 1.9 3.8 10.8 3.1 2.4 3.2 1.3 0.5 4.1 3.4 3.4

1991-2000 2.0 1.9 : 5.7 2.8 2.7 1.8 1.5 : : : 3.6 : 3.1 2.3 3.9 3.5 : 1.1 : 2.0

2001 0.3 0.2 8.2 5.3 4.0 3.8 1.8 1.9 3.0 9.3 5.7 2.7 -5.8 3.0 0.4 1.6 1.5 7.7 1.9 1.6 1.62002 0.0 -2.4 12.6 4.9 4.0 3.4 1.1 1.1 5.7 5.9 7.4 1.7 -2.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 2.4 3.6 1.3 0.3 0.22003 0.9 0.3 11.2 4.8 7.4 3.7 1.3 0.6 4.2 11.4 10.7 4.1 8.2 0.1 2.3 -2.2 4.7 -0.6 3.1 1.3 1.32004 3.5 -0.3 6.8 4.4 2.6 4.6 3.0 1.0 7.5 12.1 12.0 2.7 1.5 0.5 2.0 3.1 4.9 6.2 3.7 1.8 1.72005 2.8 0.2 7.7 9.9 0.1 5.0 2.2 0.9 3.7 9.3 8.5 2.8 5.5 1.5 2.1 1.3 1.7 8.3 4.1 1.9 1.82006 2.0 3.0 17.5 7.1 7.8 5.1 2.3 1.7 6.6 18.3 8.7 1.1 3.2 3.4 2.4 0.8 4.8 6.2 2.2 3.1 3.02007 3.7 1.6 9.2 4.0 5.4 4.0 3.3 1.3 7.4 12.5 14.9 5.6 0.9 5.2 2.7 2.5 9.1 7.0 4.8 2.9 2.82008 1.9 1.0 -8.7 -4.0 -0.6 -0.6 0.5 -1.2 11.0 -8.8 3.1 3.8 3.4 0.7 1.1 1.1 3.5 6.5 1.0 0.2 0.22009 -1.6 -3.3 -20.5 -8.4 -6.5 -6.2 -2.5 -4.1 -8.3 -22.8 -24.0 -5.7 -1.4 -2.6 -1.7 -3.5 -9.0 -7.7 -6.4 -4.0 -3.72010 2.2 3.1 0.9 -3.8 -6.7 -0.4 2.1 1.9 4.6 -4.6 2.0 5.8 4.7 -0.1 0.5 1.8 -0.8 5.3 3.4 1.5 1.5

2001-2010 1.6 0.3 3.9 2.3 1.6 2.2 1.5 0.5 4.4 3.5 4.3 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.6 2.2 4.1 1.9 1.1 1.0

2011 2.4 3.3 9.0 -0.6 -11.1 -3.1 2.1 -0.5 -4.3 11.8 6.0 4.5 -1.8 0.4 2.8 -5.6 -0.2 0.7 4.0 0.8 0.72012 0.6 -0.9 7.8 2.6 -9.9 -5.0 -0.4 -5.7 -5.1 1.8 -0.2 2.5 -0.4 -2.2 0.1 -7.2 -5.5 -4.1 -0.8 -2.4 -2.42013 0.0 1.1 1.3 -1.4 -4.3 -2.9 0.7 -2.7 -9.6 1.8 2.4 2.6 3.5 -0.6 -0.1 -1.9 -1.9 0.0 -1.0 -0.5 -0.52014 1.8 1.7 3.4 8.4 0.9 1.9 1.5 0.2 -1.2 -0.1 3.7 5.8 2.9 0.1 0.5 2.1 1.3 3.5 0.1 1.4 1.32015 2.2 1.6 1.7 16.3 -1.3 4.1 1.5 1.3 2.1 2.5 7.0 0.6 14.2 6.9 1.2 2.4 1.7 6.4 1.3 2.4 2.32016 2.2 3.0 5.0 20.6 0.5 2.1 1.5 1.8 8.0 1.7 1.9 2.8 1.2 -0.7 2.2 2.2 3.0 1.9 3.4 2.4 2.42017 1.2 2.4 4.5 -0.6 1.6 3.1 2.3 1.7 7.2 4.9 2.8 2.1 -1.7 2.3 2.1 3.3 4.0 3.3 1.5 2.2 2.22018 2.2 2.1 3.8 -8.6 0.5 2.7 1.0 1.1 2.5 5.8 3.4 2.3 8.2 2.1 1.7 3.1 4.3 3.6 2.8 1.6 1.52019 1.5 1.0 5.2 35.5 1.0 1.5 1.4 -0.2 2.9 2.4 1.8 3.3 5.8 2.4 1.6 2.8 2.1 3.1 -0.3 1.8 1.82020 -6.9 -4.8 -5.5 -23.0 -8.5 -9.5 -8.2 -9.6 -2.8 -5.8 -7.3 -3.4 -1.7 -6.8 -4.3 -5.1 -5.6 -6.9 -5.5 -7.5 -7.6

2011-2020 0.7 1.0 3.6 3.8 -3.2 -0.6 0.3 -1.3 -0.2 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.9 0.3 0.8 -0.5 0.3 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.1

2021 7.0 4.9 4.9 7.8 7.4 6.9 7.9 6.9 4.9 6.5 6.7 5.3 3.1 5.5 4.2 4.7 7.0 6.5 3.9 6.3 6.3


55

National final uses

23. Domestic demand including stocks at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 5.4 : : : : 4.5 : 5.1 : : : : 5.7 2.9 10.1 4.2

1971-1980 : : 1.7 : : : : 1.6 : 3.0 : : : : 4.7 1.9 4.1 2.9

1981-1990 : : 1.6 : : : : 2.1 : 2.5 : : : : 4.7 3.3 4.5 3.5

1991 : -17.4 0.4 : : 1.9 -17.5 -2.0 : 1.4 : : : : 0.6 -2.4 2.7 -0.71992 : 4.5 1.9 : -2.7 0.7 -8.5 -1.4 : 1.3 : : : : 4.8 1.4 0.5 3.61993 : 3.9 -0.9 : 8.5 5.7 0.6 -5.1 : -1.4 : : : : 12.5 2.4 0.2 3.31994 : 7.4 6.7 : 2.1 4.1 -0.6 3.5 : 2.6 : : : : -10.2 3.6 1.2 4.41995 5.3 8.1 4.4 : -4.7 7.0 10.8 2.5 : 2.0 : : : : 9.2 1.3 3.3 2.51996 -5.4 8.1 2.3 4.5 -0.7 9.3 4.9 1.1 1.5 1.5 : : 1.6 5.1 8.1 2.8 3.6 3.91997 -20.0 -0.9 4.8 14.6 3.6 8.6 -3.9 2.0 2.3 2.3 -18.0 : 3.0 6.9 8.6 2.9 0.1 4.71998 13.8 -1.7 3.3 -2.4 7.2 6.1 2.3 4.8 3.8 4.0 -2.8 : 3.5 -2.3 1.1 4.9 -1.5 5.61999 5.3 1.3 -0.4 -2.2 4.0 5.4 -3.1 3.4 3.4 3.6 8.5 : 1.4 -9.0 0.7 4.0 -0.1 5.52000 7.2 4.2 3.6 1.6 4.0 3.3 4.6 4.4 3.4 3.6 11.8 : 9.3 7.7 7.2 4.2 2.3 4.8

1991-2000 : 1.5 2.6 : : 5.2 -1.3 1.3 : 2.1 : : : : 4.1 2.5 1.2 3.7

2001 8.2 3.9 0.2 4.4 2.2 -1.3 8.0 0.7 1.6 1.9 9.2 : -2.6 11.4 -12.0 3.5 1.2 1.22002 5.2 3.6 1.0 10.5 6.7 1.5 4.7 1.1 0.5 0.9 6.4 : 5.8 10.7 11.5 3.4 -0.6 2.32003 8.6 3.6 0.6 7.8 6.0 2.5 5.5 1.9 1.5 1.7 8.7 : -0.5 4.7 7.7 3.2 0.8 3.22004 8.8 3.5 4.3 3.6 5.0 6.3 13.9 2.3 2.1 2.0 6.0 : 7.9 16.1 9.0 2.9 1.4 4.32005 9.8 3.4 3.5 4.6 1.5 2.4 8.4 2.9 2.0 2.2 5.9 : 3.4 -0.7 9.3 3.5 1.4 3.52006 11.0 5.0 5.1 5.4 1.8 7.2 13.1 4.3 3.4 2.9 6.3 : 4.9 9.9 7.3 2.1 0.6 2.92007 10.1 6.6 1.9 5.7 -1.1 9.3 15.4 4.8 3.3 2.7 9.5 20.9 8.1 13.1 7.1 2.2 0.6 1.22008 6.9 2.0 -0.2 4.0 0.5 5.3 9.0 0.1 0.6 -0.1 9.6 15.0 9.1 5.9 0.6 -1.3 -1.3 -1.22009 -10.7 -5.4 -6.2 -10.7 -9.7 -0.2 -10.8 -3.7 -4.1 -3.9 1.1 -17.3 -2.2 -8.6 -11.3 -4.4 -4.0 -3.72010 -4.2 1.8 0.7 -4.9 -0.7 4.2 -3.6 6.2 1.6 1.8 -0.7 -1.4 1.0 -3.3 18.2 2.8 2.4 3.2

2001-2010 5.1 2.7 1.1 2.8 1.1 3.7 6.1 2.0 1.2 1.2 6.2 : 3.4 5.6 4.3 1.8 0.2 1.7

2011 1.3 -0.1 1.0 0.1 -0.2 4.2 1.9 3.1 1.0 0.7 2.8 -1.6 0.5 3.0 12.8 0.0 0.7 1.52012 2.4 -2.1 0.9 -2.8 -3.0 -0.5 0.8 -0.8 -2.1 -1.6 -2.0 -1.8 3.4 -1.7 0.5 1.9 2.3 2.22013 -2.7 -0.6 0.8 -0.2 2.0 -0.6 -0.3 1.7 -0.4 0.1 1.1 1.6 1.3 -0.3 13.0 2.6 2.4 1.62014 3.2 3.4 1.9 -1.7 5.3 4.8 3.7 3.4 1.7 1.8 1.2 2.5 4.4 -0.8 3.3 3.2 0.4 2.72015 2.9 5.9 2.8 2.0 2.4 3.3 5.3 4.1 2.6 2.4 1.4 3.1 5.3 -0.2 5.2 2.6 0.8 3.62016 1.6 1.1 2.9 3.2 1.7 2.3 5.1 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.0 8.2 4.9 1.4 4.5 2.5 -0.1 1.82017 4.4 3.5 1.7 3.8 5.2 4.9 8.4 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.9 7.6 0.2 3.8 7.2 1.2 1.6 2.62018 5.8 3.9 3.0 4.6 7.3 5.6 5.7 2.4 2.0 1.6 2.6 6.6 0.3 6.4 -1.3 1.3 0.3 3.12019 3.7 3.0 1.6 3.1 5.6 3.0 5.6 0.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 4.5 5.1 -2.1 1.6 0.8 2.42020 -6.5 -5.5 -4.5 -5.2 -7.6 -4.4 -6.9 -5.6 -7.2 -7.5 -4.0 -6.7 -3.5 -5.0 -4.4 -8.1 -4.4 -5.6

2011-2020 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.8 2.2 2.9 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.9 2.0 2.1 1.1 3.7 0.8 0.5 1.5

2021 3.8 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.9 4.0 4.3 3.6 6.0 6.1 2.8 4.1 5.1 8.4 1.1 6.3 2.5 5.8


56

Prices

24. Price deflator gross domestic product at market prices



1961-1970 3.4 3.8 : 5.5 3.0 6.5 4.4 4.4 : : : 4.1 : 5.2 3.8 3.1 : : 5.9 : 4.3

1971-1980 6.9 5.1 : 13.8 14.6 15.1 9.7 15.1 : : : 6.5 : 7.7 6.4 15.7 : : 11.0 : 9.4

1981-1990 4.3 2.8 : 7.0 19.6 9.4 6.2 10.8 : : : 4.1 : 1.8 3.6 16.9 : : 7.1 : 6.3

1991 2.9 3.1 : 1.8 19.8 6.9 2.5 7.7 3.9 162.6 227.9 1.8 : 3.1 3.6 10.9 94.9 : 1.5 : 4.71992 3.4 5.3 : 2.8 14.8 6.7 2.0 4.5 5.8 932.2 943.0 3.7 3.6 2.5 3.5 9.0 208.2 : 0.9 : 4.41993 4.0 3.9 : 5.2 14.4 4.5 1.6 3.9 5.1 64.8 306.2 6.0 2.8 1.6 2.8 5.3 37.1 15.6 1.8 : 3.51994 2.1 2.0 39.7 1.7 11.2 3.9 0.9 3.6 5.3 36.2 61.6 3.5 3.5 2.1 2.5 6.8 22.6 13.4 1.8 2.6 2.51995 1.2 2.0 31.4 2.9 9.8 4.9 1.1 5.2 -0.5 15.1 46.4 2.3 4.8 2.1 1.8 5.6 23.0 9.9 4.2 2.9 2.81996 0.5 0.6 22.5 2.3 7.6 3.5 1.4 4.5 2.6 12.4 19.0 4.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 2.4 11.5 4.5 -0.1 1.9 1.81997 0.8 0.3 9.9 3.9 6.6 2.4 0.9 2.6 2.2 5.9 11.5 -1.0 1.3 2.6 1.3 3.9 8.4 4.8 2.1 1.5 1.41998 1.8 0.7 6.9 6.5 5.1 2.6 1.0 2.4 2.0 4.8 3.4 -2.0 2.5 2.1 0.4 3.8 7.4 4.9 3.1 1.6 1.61999 0.6 0.3 6.7 4.4 3.6 2.5 0.2 1.5 2.3 1.5 -1.3 5.8 1.6 1.3 0.3 3.4 6.5 7.2 0.9 1.0 1.02000 2.0 -0.5 3.7 6.9 1.6 3.3 1.6 1.8 2.7 3.6 1.3 2.2 2.2 3.4 1.4 3.4 5.6 9.5 1.6 1.4 1.4

1991-2000 1.9 1.8 : 3.8 9.3 4.1 1.3 3.8 3.1 57.2 84.2 2.7 : 2.2 1.8 5.4 33.6 : 1.8 : 2.5

2001 2.0 1.3 6.8 6.9 3.5 4.1 2.0 3.0 3.7 2.3 -0.3 0.5 2.4 4.2 1.9 3.7 8.7 5.1 3.3 2.5 2.52002 1.6 1.4 4.8 5.2 3.3 4.1 2.1 3.3 0.3 5.1 0.3 1.7 2.8 3.8 1.1 4.2 7.6 3.9 0.9 2.5 2.42003 1.9 1.3 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.9 1.9 3.1 5.4 4.9 -0.8 2.7 2.9 2.2 1.3 3.4 5.6 5.3 0.2 2.3 2.22004 1.9 1.1 4.7 0.5 3.1 3.9 1.6 2.7 2.7 6.8 2.7 3.0 1.5 1.2 1.7 2.4 3.4 5.7 0.6 1.9 1.92005 2.1 0.4 5.9 3.1 2.2 4.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 11.2 6.9 4.2 2.2 2.0 2.5 3.3 1.5 2.5 0.9 1.9 1.82006 2.3 0.4 9.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 2.2 2.1 3.1 12.4 6.7 7.0 2.7 2.6 1.9 3.2 2.2 2.9 0.9 2.0 2.02007 1.9 1.8 12.4 1.2 3.4 3.4 2.6 2.5 4.1 20.1 8.6 1.5 2.8 2.1 2.2 3.0 4.2 1.1 2.8 2.4 2.42008 1.9 0.9 6.9 -0.3 4.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 4.7 11.7 9.7 3.9 3.0 2.3 2.0 1.7 4.5 2.9 3.0 2.0 1.92009 0.5 1.8 -0.2 -4.6 2.6 0.1 0.1 1.7 0.3 -9.7 -3.3 1.4 2.7 0.2 1.9 1.1 3.4 -1.2 1.8 0.9 0.92010 1.9 0.6 1.8 -3.1 0.7 0.2 1.1 0.4 1.9 -0.4 2.3 3.6 3.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 -1.0 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.7

2001-2010 1.8 1.1 5.6 1.6 3.0 3.0 1.8 2.3 2.8 6.2 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.1 1.7 2.7 4.0 2.9 1.5 1.9 1.9

2011 1.8 1.1 5.4 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.9 1.6 1.6 6.4 5.4 4.8 2.2 0.2 1.8 -0.3 1.0 1.7 2.6 1.1 1.02012 2.0 1.5 4.0 2.3 -0.4 -0.1 1.2 1.5 1.7 3.6 2.8 2.6 2.0 1.4 2.1 -0.4 0.5 1.3 3.0 1.3 1.32013 1.3 2.0 4.0 1.2 -2.4 0.4 0.8 1.1 -0.9 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.6 2.2 1.6 0.5 2.6 1.2 1.22014 1.0 1.9 2.9 -0.1 -1.8 -0.2 0.6 0.9 -1.4 1.8 0.9 2.7 2.3 0.3 2.2 0.7 0.5 -0.2 1.6 0.9 0.92015 1.3 1.7 1.1 7.8 -0.3 0.5 1.1 0.9 -0.9 0.0 0.1 0.2 2.1 0.8 2.3 2.0 1.0 -0.2 1.6 1.4 1.42016 1.7 1.2 1.7 -0.3 -0.2 0.3 0.5 1.1 -0.8 0.9 1.6 0.8 1.5 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.8 -0.5 0.2 0.8 0.92017 1.7 1.0 3.6 1.1 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.7 1.7 3.0 4.3 1.7 2.5 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.0 1.02018 1.5 1.5 4.5 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.4 4.0 3.3 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.6 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.32019 1.6 2.2 3.2 1.5 -0.4 1.6 1.5 0.9 0.6 2.6 2.8 3.4 2.3 3.0 1.7 1.7 2.4 2.6 1.8 1.7 1.72020 1.4 2.1 1.7 1.3 -0.1 0.2 1.3 0.9 0.5 1.4 1.9 0.4 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.2 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.3 1.3

2011-2020 1.5 1.6 3.2 1.7 -0.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.3 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.1 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.2

2021 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.3 2.7 2.8 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.3


57

Prices

24. Price deflator gross domestic product at market prices



1961-1970 : : 6.2 : : : : 4.2 : 4.4 : : : : 6.0 4.7 5.7 2.7

1971-1980 : : 9.7 : : : : 9.6 : 10.1 : : : : 32.8 14.1 7.8 6.9

1981-1990 : : 5.7 : : : : 7.7 : 6.4 : : : : 46.4 6.8 1.5 4.2

1991 : 42.8 2.7 : : 55.3 195.6 8.5 : 5.1 : : 93.8 : 58.8 6.6 2.6 3.41992 59.6 14.8 1.7 : 20.3 38.6 199.7 1.3 : 4.1 : : 1272.0 : 63.7 3.1 1.6 2.31993 51.1 21.4 0.6 : 21.3 30.6 227.3 2.7 : 3.3 : : 442.1 : 67.8 2.7 0.4 2.41994 72.7 11.5 1.6 : 19.5 37.2 139.0 2.6 : 2.3 : : 151.9 : 106.5 1.3 0.1 2.11995 62.4 9.1 1.3 : 26.7 28.0 35.3 3.8 : 2.7 : : 17.1 : 87.2 2.4 -0.5 2.11996 63.1 10.0 2.0 3.8 21.9 18.0 44.0 1.0 2.7 2.1 : : 2.9 85.0 77.8 4.1 -0.5 1.81997 914.1 8.4 2.0 6.8 20.3 13.7 135.3 1.5 3.6 1.4 11.2 : 3.9 20.9 81.5 1.1 0.5 1.71998 33.3 9.9 1.2 8.1 13.8 11.0 48.1 0.8 2.2 1.4 6.7 : 1.4 24.4 75.7 1.0 0.0 1.11999 3.2 3.0 1.7 3.6 8.1 6.2 49.5 0.9 1.5 1.0 2.1 : 2.7 27.9 54.3 0.9 -1.3 1.42000 7.2 1.8 3.0 4.9 9.6 6.1 43.2 1.5 1.8 1.5 5.6 : 8.2 81.0 49.3 1.9 -1.4 2.2

1991-2000 : 12.8 1.8 : : 23.5 99.7 2.4 : 2.5 : : 86.6 : 71.5 2.5 0.1 2.1

2001 6.1 4.9 2.5 4.3 11.0 3.1 38.0 2.5 2.8 2.2 3.8 20.2 4.7 86.8 52.9 1.0 -1.1 2.22002 3.8 2.7 2.3 3.6 8.1 1.8 22.7 1.5 2.6 2.4 3.6 3.0 0.9 19.5 37.6 2.1 -1.5 1.62003 2.3 1.2 1.5 4.3 5.4 0.8 23.2 1.7 2.3 2.2 5.2 8.4 1.7 12.5 23.3 2.3 -1.6 1.92004 5.6 3.9 2.1 3.6 5.1 4.9 15.5 0.3 2.1 2.0 3.2 5.9 -0.2 8.1 12.4 2.5 -1.1 2.72005 6.5 0.1 2.9 3.1 2.6 2.6 12.0 0.7 1.9 1.9 3.3 4.3 4.9 14.7 7.1 2.5 -1.0 3.12006 6.8 0.7 2.1 3.9 3.7 1.7 10.6 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.5 9.0 3.3 12.4 9.4 2.8 -0.9 3.02007 11.1 3.5 2.4 4.1 5.4 3.7 15.8 2.8 2.7 2.4 4.4 16.0 4.6 8.7 6.2 2.6 -0.7 2.72008 8.1 2.1 4.1 5.6 4.8 3.9 16.0 3.3 2.4 2.2 4.1 7.6 5.5 9.1 12.0 2.9 -1.0 1.92009 4.1 2.6 0.5 3.0 4.2 3.8 4.1 2.4 1.2 1.1 2.4 2.4 0.3 7.9 5.4 1.7 -0.6 0.82010 1.1 -1.4 3.2 0.9 2.4 1.7 3.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 4.5 1.6 2.0 5.7 7.0 1.5 -1.9 1.2

2001-2010 5.5 2.0 2.4 3.6 5.2 2.8 15.8 1.8 2.1 1.9 3.7 7.7 2.8 16.8 16.5 2.2 -1.1 2.1

2011 5.9 0.0 0.6 1.7 2.2 3.2 3.8 1.1 1.2 1.2 2.3 1.2 3.7 8.9 8.2 2.0 -1.7 2.12012 1.5 1.5 2.4 1.5 3.2 2.3 4.0 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.2 1.0 6.2 7.4 1.7 -0.8 1.92013 -0.7 1.4 0.9 0.8 3.0 0.3 3.4 0.9 1.2 1.3 0.3 2.1 4.5 5.1 6.3 1.9 -0.3 1.82014 0.5 2.5 1.0 0.1 3.6 0.5 1.7 1.7 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.4 2.6 7.4 1.8 1.7 1.92015 2.4 1.2 0.4 0.1 2.5 0.8 2.6 2.2 1.4 1.3 0.6 2.2 2.0 1.8 7.8 0.6 2.1 1.02016 2.5 1.3 0.3 -0.1 1.0 0.3 2.5 1.5 0.9 1.1 -0.6 5.1 3.5 1.5 8.1 2.1 0.3 1.02017 3.9 1.4 1.1 1.2 3.7 1.9 4.7 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.5 3.8 2.8 3.0 11.0 1.9 -0.2 1.92018 4.0 2.6 0.8 1.8 4.5 1.2 6.3 2.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 3.2 3.6 2.1 16.4 2.1 -0.1 2.42019 4.7 3.5 1.0 1.5 4.5 2.9 6.9 2.7 1.9 1.8 0.7 1.6 2.4 2.5 13.9 1.9 0.6 1.72020 0.5 1.4 0.5 0.7 4.2 2.4 2.3 1.0 1.4 1.4 2.6 1.5 0.1 1.8 12.5 1.7 -0.1 -0.6

2011-2020 2.5 1.7 0.9 0.9 3.2 1.6 3.8 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.1 2.2 2.5 3.5 9.9 1.8 0.2 1.5

2021 2.4 1.6 1.8 0.9 3.1 2.5 2.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 2.7 1.4 3.4 3.0 11.4 1.5 0.1 1.5


58

Prices

25. Price deflator private final consumption expenditure



1961-1970 3.1 2.7 : 5.1 2.4 5.8 4.2 4.1 : : : 2.5 : 4.1 3.5 2.6 : : 4.7 : 3.7

1971-1980 6.8 5.2 : 14.0 13.9 15.0 9.7 15.1 : : : 6.5 : 7.3 6.2 15.5 : : 11.2 : 9.5

1981-1990 4.2 2.6 : 7.1 19.0 9.2 6.3 10.2 : : : 4.8 : 2.2 3.5 16.2 : : 6.3 : 6.3

1991 2.8 2.9 : 2.7 19.7 6.4 2.7 7.3 : : : 3.4 : 3.6 3.2 10.2 105.3 : 4.7 : 4.71992 1.8 4.2 : 3.0 15.7 6.6 2.5 5.4 : : : 4.3 : 3.1 3.4 7.8 204.0 : 3.4 : 4.51993 2.5 4.0 : 2.2 14.1 5.3 1.5 5.5 : : : 4.0 : 2.2 3.0 5.5 31.5 : 3.6 : 4.01994 2.3 2.2 37.0 2.7 11.0 4.9 0.9 5.1 : : : 2.6 : 2.6 2.3 6.8 20.3 : 0.7 : 3.01995 1.5 1.3 24.7 2.8 9.0 4.8 1.0 6.3 -2.8 : : 2.0 : 2.1 2.2 5.1 23.4 9.2 0.3 : 2.81996 0.6 0.7 21.4 3.3 7.8 2.8 1.6 4.1 2.1 13.5 18.2 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.4 2.9 10.9 4.5 1.0 2.0 1.91997 1.4 1.1 9.8 2.8 4.6 2.8 0.8 2.0 1.6 7.7 9.3 1.4 3.7 2.3 1.6 3.0 8.6 4.4 1.9 1.7 1.61998 1.1 0.3 6.5 3.9 4.9 1.6 0.2 1.9 0.7 5.1 5.8 1.4 3.3 1.8 0.3 2.5 7.0 5.7 1.6 1.1 1.01999 0.4 0.6 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.1 -0.5 1.7 1.4 3.0 -1.2 2.2 1.0 1.8 0.1 2.5 6.3 9.8 1.4 1.0 0.92000 3.4 0.9 3.3 4.8 3.2 4.2 2.3 3.1 1.7 2.9 -1.7 2.9 1.2 3.0 2.1 3.7 7.5 8.3 3.0 2.4 2.4

1991-2000 1.8 1.8 : 3.1 9.1 4.1 1.3 4.2 : : : 2.5 : 2.4 1.9 5.0 33.5 : 2.2 : 2.7

2001 2.3 2.1 6.6 4.4 2.8 3.6 2.0 2.6 1.6 2.3 2.4 1.8 2.7 3.2 2.4 3.8 7.6 5.6 2.7 2.5 2.52002 1.0 1.3 3.3 5.1 2.2 2.7 0.8 2.9 1.2 5.6 -0.4 1.4 1.9 3.4 1.0 3.5 7.5 2.9 1.6 1.9 1.92003 1.5 1.5 1.6 3.9 2.5 3.2 1.7 3.1 2.2 5.1 -1.6 2.2 1.1 2.3 1.5 3.6 5.2 6.6 1.0 2.2 2.22004 2.5 1.1 3.7 1.8 3.3 3.5 2.1 2.4 1.6 7.0 -0.2 2.3 3.2 1.3 1.7 2.3 3.0 7.2 0.3 2.0 2.02005 2.9 1.1 3.7 1.6 3.0 3.3 1.8 2.0 3.1 9.8 2.4 3.3 3.0 1.8 2.4 3.8 2.2 2.7 1.1 2.0 1.92006 2.8 1.3 5.5 2.5 3.2 3.5 2.2 2.7 3.6 10.0 4.7 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.1 3.5 2.4 4.9 1.4 2.3 2.32007 2.7 1.9 7.9 3.0 3.6 3.4 2.1 2.2 3.8 11.7 5.9 2.3 1.3 2.0 2.5 3.4 4.1 2.6 1.9 2.4 2.32008 3.2 2.0 8.0 1.6 4.3 3.6 2.8 3.2 4.7 13.4 10.9 3.1 3.7 2.1 2.1 2.8 5.6 4.5 3.4 2.8 2.72009 -0.8 0.1 -1.4 -6.4 0.9 -1.0 -1.5 -0.6 0.3 -3.7 4.3 -0.5 2.0 -1.5 0.3 -1.9 0.9 0.1 1.9 -0.7 -0.72010 1.9 1.7 3.9 -2.1 3.6 2.0 1.1 1.6 2.7 -2.5 1.3 1.2 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.6

2001-2010 2.0 1.4 4.2 1.5 3.0 2.8 1.5 2.2 2.5 5.7 2.9 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.7 4.0 3.8 1.7 1.9 1.9

2011 2.9 1.8 5.2 0.9 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.9 3.0 6.1 4.4 3.0 2.1 2.1 3.2 1.7 1.8 3.9 3.3 2.2 2.22012 2.0 1.4 4.1 1.4 0.4 2.0 1.4 2.6 2.6 3.2 3.1 2.0 2.6 1.3 2.4 1.8 1.7 3.4 2.8 1.8 1.82013 1.1 1.4 3.1 1.3 -1.8 1.0 0.7 1.1 -0.2 0.1 0.9 1.7 1.0 2.1 2.1 0.8 2.1 1.3 2.4 1.1 1.12014 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 -2.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.7 1.7 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.9 2.0 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 1.3 0.5 0.52015 0.9 0.5 -0.4 0.6 -1.7 -0.1 0.3 0.2 -2.0 -1.0 -1.0 0.1 1.7 0.2 1.5 0.9 -0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.3 0.32016 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.3 -0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 -1.5 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.2 0.4 0.42017 2.0 1.5 3.6 1.1 0.6 1.6 0.8 1.1 0.9 3.0 3.5 1.8 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.32018 1.9 1.5 3.7 1.7 0.3 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.7 2.8 2.6 2.1 0.7 2.0 2.1 1.3 2.3 2.3 1.2 1.4 1.42019 1.4 1.3 2.5 2.2 0.6 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.4 2.9 2.0 1.9 1.5 2.4 1.6 1.0 1.8 2.7 1.1 1.2 1.22020 0.8 0.3 0.5 -1.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.6 -0.3 -0.2 0.2 1.1 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.4 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.3

2011-2020 1.5 1.1 2.4 0.9 -0.3 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.4 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.0

2021 1.5 1.4 1.7 0.9 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1


59

Prices

25. Price deflator private final consumption expenditure



1961-1970 : : 5.3 : : : : 4.0 : 3.9 : : : : 5.9 4.3 5.6 2.4

1971-1980 : : 9.8 : : : : 9.6 : 10.2 : : : : 32.9 13.8 8.8 7.0

1981-1990 : : 5.5 : : : : 7.8 : 6.3 : : : : 47.0 6.3 1.8 4.4

1991 : 46.6 2.8 : : 67.8 182.9 10.5 : 5.3 : : : : 60.7 7.4 2.8 3.31992 77.6 11.9 1.2 : : 44.4 205.5 2.4 : 4.3 : : : : 65.6 3.9 1.7 2.71993 68.0 17.7 1.1 : : 31.5 234.5 5.5 : 3.8 : : : : 65.9 3.3 1.0 2.51994 81.9 8.2 2.6 : : 37.9 141.9 2.7 : 2.7 : : : : 108.9 1.6 0.5 2.11995 48.6 8.3 1.8 : : 27.2 36.7 3.0 : 2.8 : : : : 92.4 2.9 -0.4 2.11996 112.9 7.9 1.7 3.7 23.0 18.9 46.4 0.8 2.9 2.1 : : 3.5 98.3 67.8 3.4 0.0 2.11997 1042.0 8.7 1.9 4.7 17.9 14.4 133.8 1.4 4.1 1.6 25.7 : 3.2 21.0 82.1 1.8 1.2 1.71998 21.6 8.4 1.5 6.4 13.7 10.5 45.8 0.5 1.7 1.1 18.6 : 0.8 33.4 83.0 1.4 0.0 0.81999 2.4 2.1 1.9 3.8 9.3 6.3 45.0 1.4 1.5 0.8 2.4 : -0.3 31.9 53.2 0.4 -0.7 1.52000 4.9 3.5 2.8 4.1 11.3 9.9 37.5 0.9 2.8 2.0 1.7 : 8.6 77.9 54.9 0.6 -0.9 2.5

1991-2000 : 11.8 1.9 : : 25.7 98.5 2.9 : 2.7 : : : : 72.7 2.7 0.5 2.1

2001 5.6 3.5 2.3 3.5 9.6 3.6 34.7 2.1 2.8 2.0 2.2 : 7.6 96.5 49.7 0.3 -1.1 1.92002 3.4 1.4 1.9 0.9 6.1 3.0 20.3 1.7 2.1 1.6 3.5 : 0.3 12.4 38.7 0.6 -1.4 1.32003 0.7 0.1 1.2 2.3 4.5 0.5 16.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 0.9 : 2.5 9.8 23.4 1.3 -1.0 1.92004 3.4 3.1 1.2 2.1 5.5 4.6 12.8 0.5 2.2 1.9 0.9 : -1.2 11.1 10.9 1.6 -0.6 2.52005 6.8 1.1 1.7 3.2 3.6 2.2 6.8 0.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 : 1.5 17.7 8.3 2.3 -0.4 2.82006 2.2 1.8 2.2 3.6 3.3 1.5 4.8 0.7 2.3 2.3 2.4 : 3.2 8.3 9.8 2.6 0.0 2.72007 8.9 2.9 1.7 2.9 6.7 2.2 6.9 1.4 2.5 2.3 3.4 4.1 1.3 6.6 6.6 2.2 -0.4 2.52008 6.3 4.7 2.9 5.4 5.8 4.1 10.7 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.3 5.9 7.9 10.2 10.8 3.7 0.7 3.02009 0.8 0.9 1.3 3.2 4.2 2.7 3.8 2.1 -0.3 -0.3 2.3 2.6 0.9 8.4 5.0 0.7 -2.2 -0.12010 2.4 0.5 2.5 1.4 3.8 2.5 5.9 1.3 1.7 1.6 3.0 2.2 0.0 7.6 6.6 1.6 -1.4 1.7

2001-2010 4.0 2.0 1.9 2.8 5.3 2.7 11.9 1.5 2.0 1.8 2.4 : 2.3 16.8 16.1 1.7 -0.8 2.0

2011 3.4 1.7 2.3 2.2 3.9 4.9 3.8 1.4 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.7 9.7 9.7 7.3 3.7 -0.6 2.52012 3.5 2.2 2.4 3.2 6.3 3.3 4.5 0.5 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.9 -0.7 7.3 7.7 2.0 -0.6 1.92013 -2.6 0.8 0.8 1.9 2.0 0.4 2.6 0.6 1.1 1.2 2.1 1.9 2.5 6.2 6.1 1.8 -0.1 1.32014 0.0 0.6 0.6 -0.3 1.1 -0.1 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.5 -1.0 0.1 1.8 7.7 1.5 2.0 1.52015 1.6 0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -1.1 1.0 1.1 0.3 0.3 1.5 2.0 0.0 1.9 7.8 0.0 0.4 0.22016 0.4 0.5 0.1 -1.1 0.2 -0.4 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.9 -0.4 -0.4 2.0 6.6 1.4 -0.5 1.02017 3.2 2.4 1.3 0.9 2.7 2.0 2.7 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.9 1.4 3.0 10.8 1.4 0.2 1.82018 2.0 2.3 0.8 1.4 3.1 1.6 4.2 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.2 14.9 2.6 0.6 2.12019 2.0 3.0 0.8 0.8 3.6 1.9 5.2 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.1 0.7 1.7 15.5 1.3 0.3 1.42020 0.0 2.0 0.6 0.4 3.0 2.4 2.0 0.3 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.8 -1.5 0.7 11.4 1.2 0.2 0.1

2011-2020 1.3 1.6 1.0 0.9 2.6 1.5 2.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 3.5 9.5 1.7 0.2 1.4

2021 2.0 1.6 1.5 0.9 2.7 2.6 2.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 3.0 1.3 1.6 1.7 11.5 1.5 0.1 1.3


60

Prices

26. Price deflator exports of goods and services



1961-1970 2.4 1.7 : 1.9 1.0 6.6 2.1 1.1 : : : 2.0 : 1.3 2.3 1.5 : : 4.8 : 2.0

1971-1980 6.9 5.0 : 14.3 14.9 13.2 8.8 16.1 : : : 5.9 : 6.9 4.9 16.1 : : 11.6 : 8.4

1981-1990 3.9 2.0 : 4.4 15.6 7.9 4.5 7.8 : : : 4.1 : 0.4 2.2 13.1 : : 4.0 : 4.0

1991 -0.6 1.4 : -0.3 14.0 1.5 -0.8 4.5 : : : 1.2 : 0.3 0.9 1.1 104.7 : -0.4 : 1.21992 -1.1 1.0 : -2.0 10.1 2.9 -2.2 1.2 : : : 1.8 : -1.9 -0.1 -1.9 187.9 : 6.2 : 0.11993 -1.3 0.1 : 6.8 9.1 5.0 -1.9 11.0 : : : 5.7 : -2.5 0.4 1.7 30.4 0.0 6.4 : 1.71994 1.3 0.6 43.0 0.2 8.6 4.6 -0.5 4.0 : : : 3.1 : 0.6 1.5 4.7 17.3 10.7 1.4 : 1.41995 1.6 1.2 24.3 1.9 8.7 5.9 -0.9 8.8 -7.4 : : 1.5 : 0.7 1.7 3.7 9.1 8.4 4.9 : 2.51996 -1.3 -0.4 16.6 -0.5 5.4 1.9 0.5 0.2 2.7 13.7 12.2 6.2 4.2 0.7 0.9 -0.6 13.4 4.3 -0.5 0.4 0.21997 1.1 0.9 13.8 1.1 2.7 3.4 1.1 1.3 3.4 0.4 4.4 2.5 -0.9 2.7 0.7 3.4 5.2 6.1 -1.0 1.5 1.41998 -1.3 -0.7 3.1 3.2 5.0 0.7 -1.6 1.2 1.5 5.2 -6.9 0.5 -2.3 -1.6 -0.1 1.3 2.8 -5.2 -1.0 -0.4 -0.41999 -0.1 -0.9 0.1 2.2 1.4 0.1 -1.6 0.5 2.2 -0.6 -0.3 6.0 -0.5 -1.5 0.1 0.5 2.2 -1.1 -5.0 -0.6 -0.62000 5.8 3.0 8.2 5.3 6.4 6.7 2.5 4.1 4.6 0.5 9.6 8.8 9.4 5.7 1.7 5.4 10.5 17.4 3.5 4.2 4.1

1991-2000 0.4 0.6 : 1.8 7.1 3.2 -0.6 3.6 : : : 3.7 : 0.3 0.8 1.9 29.8 : 1.4 : 1.2

2001 1.4 0.6 5.8 -0.4 3.4 1.5 -0.2 2.5 3.2 3.1 -2.2 -3.4 -2.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 8.0 4.9 -1.5 0.8 0.72002 -1.2 -0.6 3.0 -0.6 2.3 0.5 -1.4 1.4 -1.4 3.0 -4.2 -0.9 2.4 -1.8 0.1 0.3 4.5 0.9 -2.8 -0.6 -0.62003 -1.3 -0.6 0.1 -2.7 1.7 -0.3 -1.7 -0.1 3.1 8.0 -2.0 -0.7 2.1 -1.0 0.0 -1.3 2.8 1.5 -1.5 -0.8 -0.92004 2.1 -0.2 1.9 0.3 2.0 1.8 0.5 1.1 3.0 10.0 7.7 6.1 0.0 0.8 1.1 1.8 3.0 1.8 -0.5 0.8 0.82005 3.7 1.0 3.6 2.1 2.4 4.1 1.8 2.1 1.6 10.1 8.6 7.6 2.6 3.1 2.0 1.7 2.8 1.6 1.2 2.2 2.22006 2.6 1.0 5.6 1.7 3.3 4.4 2.0 2.1 1.2 8.3 5.1 8.5 5.3 2.9 2.5 4.5 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.22007 2.2 0.6 6.2 0.1 2.7 2.5 1.9 2.4 3.5 11.7 5.8 5.6 1.2 1.4 1.9 1.9 2.5 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.62008 3.9 1.0 6.5 3.1 4.3 2.7 3.2 2.8 2.7 8.3 12.5 -0.5 2.2 4.4 2.6 2.7 1.4 1.3 -0.2 2.5 2.52009 -5.5 -2.5 -2.2 -4.0 -2.1 -2.7 -3.7 -2.3 0.2 -4.4 -14.1 -3.8 0.1 -5.8 -2.8 -4.9 -1.1 -5.2 -5.9 -3.6 -3.52010 4.6 2.3 3.5 2.8 5.7 3.5 2.3 2.3 1.3 5.8 10.6 4.7 4.3 4.6 3.0 3.3 2.2 2.9 3.8 3.1 3.0

2001-2010 1.2 0.3 3.4 0.2 2.5 1.8 0.4 1.4 1.8 6.3 2.5 2.2 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 2.9 1.2 -0.5 0.8 0.8

2011 5.3 2.6 5.1 -0.6 5.8 4.3 2.9 4.0 1.3 8.8 11.2 5.3 6.8 4.7 4.1 5.1 4.2 3.9 4.5 3.6 3.52012 2.8 1.8 2.0 4.1 2.5 2.3 1.4 2.0 2.1 4.1 3.3 4.2 1.0 2.4 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 2.1 2.12013 0.0 -0.6 0.7 -1.1 -1.5 -0.7 -0.2 -0.2 1.5 1.3 -1.7 2.4 0.4 -0.8 0.0 -0.9 -0.7 -1.8 -1.0 -0.5 -0.42014 -1.9 -0.2 0.0 0.5 -2.1 -1.7 -0.7 0.0 -1.9 -1.0 -2.3 2.7 1.4 -1.9 -0.1 -1.2 -0.1 -3.3 -0.9 -0.7 -0.72015 -2.8 0.8 -1.2 7.4 -6.2 0.5 0.8 -0.4 -0.9 -0.4 -5.1 3.8 1.5 -1.9 -0.3 -1.3 -0.1 -1.4 -1.2 0.3 0.42016 -1.1 -0.8 0.1 -1.7 -3.4 -1.2 -1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -1.8 -2.5 -1.1 1.2 -2.8 -0.5 -1.6 -1.4 -1.5 -2.4 -1.3 -1.32017 2.2 1.7 3.8 0.3 5.0 2.6 0.8 1.8 0.8 3.3 4.2 5.0 2.6 2.6 1.7 3.0 2.5 2.2 3.3 1.9 1.82018 2.1 0.9 2.4 -0.2 3.3 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.0 3.3 3.5 2.3 2.5 2.2 1.5 2.1 2.5 1.8 4.2 1.4 1.32019 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.0 -0.3 0.3 1.0 0.5 -0.9 0.2 0.8 3.5 1.9 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 -0.7 0.6 0.62020 -3.2 0.3 -1.5 0.2 -5.1 -1.1 -4.2 -0.6 -3.8 -1.0 -0.5 -1.9 0.9 -1.1 -1.7 0.1 -0.4 -1.4 -0.6 -1.2 -1.2

2011-2020 0.4 0.7 1.2 0.9 -0.3 0.6 0.1 0.8 -0.2 1.6 1.0 2.6 2.0 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.6

2021 1.8 0.4 1.3 1.0 5.1 1.0 2.4 1.4 0.6 1.1 0.2 4.0 1.4 0.7 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.2


61

Prices

26. Price deflator exports of goods and services



1961-1970 : : 3.1 : : : : 1.9 : 2.3 : : : : 4.8 3.6 0.6 2.2

1971-1980 : : 9.0 : : : : 10.0 : 9.3 : : : : 36.2 13.7 5.4 8.9

1981-1990 : : 3.7 : : : : 5.6 : 4.1 : : : : 45.2 4.6 -2.2 1.4

1991 : 55.8 1.4 : : 20.6 231.7 2.0 : 1.3 : : : : 61.0 2.1 -3.3 1.11992 : 6.9 1.4 : 10.1 29.2 314.8 -2.8 : 0.1 : : : : 62.5 1.0 -2.9 -0.51993 : 6.1 -1.7 : 12.9 27.2 148.8 8.7 : 3.0 : : : : 59.9 9.4 -7.1 0.11994 : 4.8 -0.4 : 18.6 31.7 125.8 3.7 : 1.5 : : : : 164.8 1.6 -3.4 1.21995 : 6.4 0.9 : 33.9 19.6 37.3 7.1 : 2.7 : : : : 73.0 3.5 -2.3 2.21996 97.9 6.0 1.5 4.7 19.5 8.2 45.6 -4.6 1.0 0.3 : : 2.0 91.2 69.0 2.0 3.4 -1.31997 730.6 5.7 2.7 8.9 15.6 14.0 114.7 -0.2 4.0 0.5 6.4 : 7.9 3.4 87.0 -4.8 1.8 -1.81998 42.3 4.2 -2.1 4.0 13.1 13.1 20.4 -1.3 0.1 -0.9 -2.4 : 6.7 37.5 60.1 -3.7 1.1 -2.41999 17.2 1.0 -0.5 4.6 4.8 5.8 60.8 -1.7 -0.1 -0.5 -2.2 : 2.7 15.0 51.5 0.5 -8.7 -0.82000 14.9 3.8 8.2 14.2 10.0 1.3 45.9 2.3 4.4 3.8 -2.8 : 8.9 32.6 42.1 1.8 -4.0 1.9

1991-2000 : 9.2 1.1 : : 16.7 98.2 1.2 : 1.2 : : : : 70.6 1.3 -2.6 0.0

2001 4.8 0.3 1.6 3.8 3.0 1.3 30.1 2.5 1.0 0.9 3.3 : 4.8 205.5 87.9 1.4 2.5 -0.82002 -2.6 -4.8 -1.1 1.2 -4.1 4.7 20.1 -1.9 -0.5 -0.7 2.7 : -3.0 3.5 25.1 -0.7 -1.4 -0.82003 3.3 0.1 -1.1 2.3 0.1 6.2 17.3 -2.5 -0.6 -0.5 -1.1 : 8.9 5.6 10.9 2.1 -3.7 1.52004 7.5 2.7 2.0 3.4 -1.0 7.9 18.8 -0.4 1.1 0.7 -2.1 : -1.0 16.5 13.0 0.0 -1.4 3.62005 8.6 -2.2 5.5 2.4 -0.5 -2.4 2.3 2.6 2.1 2.4 -9.1 : 5.6 14.7 -0.2 3.1 1.4 3.52006 17.0 -1.3 2.8 4.3 6.4 2.3 7.9 3.4 2.4 2.3 1.7 : 5.1 15.9 13.3 2.0 3.2 3.22007 10.3 0.3 1.2 4.2 -3.9 2.7 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.4 4.1 1.1 14.2 3.3 1.9 -0.1 2.3 3.82008 12.2 -4.3 5.0 5.6 1.0 -0.7 18.0 4.1 2.5 3.3 5.1 4.3 14.4 6.7 17.1 8.3 -3.9 4.72009 -8.5 0.5 -8.4 -0.7 2.2 11.4 3.7 1.3 -2.8 -2.7 0.8 -4.0 -11.9 9.9 3.2 3.2 -11.8 -6.02010 9.4 -1.1 9.5 2.1 1.9 0.3 7.2 -0.6 3.0 3.3 0.8 4.8 3.4 11.6 3.4 4.9 -1.7 4.1

2001-2010 6.0 -1.0 1.6 2.9 0.5 3.3 12.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 : 3.8 21.5 15.5 2.4 -1.5 1.6

2011 12.9 0.7 1.3 6.4 3.6 6.8 7.9 -0.9 3.5 3.4 2.8 4.2 8.2 7.6 15.4 4.9 -2.3 6.32012 2.5 3.1 3.0 2.4 3.1 3.8 6.1 -1.2 2.1 1.7 1.1 0.8 -5.0 11.4 4.2 0.2 -1.8 0.82013 -2.9 1.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -5.1 -2.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.4 1.4 -3.1 1.9 7.3 2.8 10.4 0.22014 -0.7 4.0 -0.8 -0.3 1.0 0.0 0.6 2.0 -0.4 -0.7 -0.3 0.6 -0.9 2.2 11.5 -1.6 3.0 0.12015 -1.2 -1.3 0.7 -0.5 -0.3 1.1 1.6 2.1 0.3 -0.1 -1.6 4.9 -0.1 1.9 7.7 -3.8 0.8 -4.92016 -1.9 -2.4 -4.2 -0.8 -1.5 0.2 -7.1 -1.3 -1.4 -0.7 -2.0 -1.5 1.4 0.6 6.9 4.2 -8.5 -2.02017 6.8 -0.6 1.8 2.6 1.2 1.6 4.9 3.1 1.9 2.2 1.3 8.0 4.4 1.0 20.1 4.5 4.1 2.62018 3.2 -0.6 1.8 1.7 2.6 1.7 4.9 4.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 6.0 1.2 -1.1 32.4 3.1 1.1 3.42019 2.4 1.0 2.2 1.2 1.5 3.0 3.2 3.4 0.9 0.9 -3.3 1.7 -0.3 0.7 15.6 1.5 -2.8 -0.22020 -4.2 -0.1 -1.1 -0.1 3.8 0.5 -1.4 -0.9 -1.0 -1.3 0.5 1.3 -0.4 0.3 19.8 -2.0 -4.8 -1.5

2011-2020 1.6 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 -0.1 2.7 0.5 2.6 13.8 1.3 -0.2 0.4

2021 2.5 0.1 1.1 0.8 2.5 0.4 1.5 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.2 2.2 2.2 1.8 12.0 1.8 1.0 1.5


62

Prices

27. Price deflator imports of goods and services



1961-1970 2.3 0.0 : 2.0 0.8 3.0 2.1 1.0 : : : 1.8 : 0.8 2.2 0.4 : : 4.5 : 1.3

1971-1980 7.6 6.2 : 15.7 16.8 14.8 10.3 19.2 : : : 7.2 : 7.7 5.7 17.9 : : 13.3 : 10.1

1981-1990 3.5 1.0 : 4.1 14.7 5.0 4.0 5.6 : : : 4.5 : 0.4 2.2 11.3 : : 3.0 : 3.2

1991 -0.7 2.8 : 2.4 12.3 -1.5 0.1 0.5 : : : 2.5 : 0.1 1.0 -0.3 116.2 : 3.3 : 1.11992 -2.8 -2.1 : -1.2 12.3 1.2 -2.8 2.2 : : : 2.7 : -1.4 0.6 -5.3 186.1 : 7.7 : -0.81993 -2.8 -1.6 : 4.5 7.4 6.1 -3.4 15.8 : : : 3.2 : -2.4 0.8 0.4 23.1 2.1 8.2 : 1.41994 1.8 -0.2 43.6 2.4 5.6 5.8 0.1 5.2 : : : 2.1 : 0.3 1.2 3.0 14.4 12.3 -0.5 : 1.51995 1.7 -0.2 19.6 3.8 7.5 4.4 0.1 11.9 -2.3 : : 1.3 : 0.3 1.3 1.6 6.6 7.3 0.1 : 2.31996 -0.5 -0.1 16.8 -0.5 3.0 0.1 1.5 -2.3 2.5 14.4 3.6 3.6 4.7 0.8 2.4 1.6 11.6 9.5 0.3 0.4 0.21997 1.5 2.5 8.0 0.8 2.0 3.3 1.2 0.9 3.8 8.7 0.4 6.1 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.7 4.8 3.7 0.5 1.9 1.81998 -1.8 -2.7 1.8 2.3 4.1 -2.2 -2.9 -1.6 0.5 0.5 -4.2 2.8 1.1 -2.8 0.3 -1.4 1.8 -1.7 -2.8 -2.0 -2.01999 0.9 -1.5 0.4 2.4 1.0 0.4 -1.8 0.6 1.3 -3.9 -4.1 3.2 -2.6 -0.8 0.6 -0.6 1.9 0.6 -2.0 -0.5 -0.52000 7.6 7.4 5.4 5.5 8.4 10.6 5.3 10.1 4.6 6.4 4.1 10.8 8.7 5.7 2.7 8.4 14.0 13.2 7.4 7.3 7.3

1991-2000 0.4 0.4 : 2.2 6.3 2.8 -0.3 4.2 : : : 3.8 : 0.1 1.3 1.0 29.1 : 2.1 : 1.2

2001 1.3 0.6 1.3 -1.7 2.6 -0.2 -0.5 0.9 1.2 1.7 -1.8 -3.0 -1.2 -0.8 0.3 0.4 6.2 6.1 -2.9 0.2 0.12002 -1.8 -2.6 -0.9 -2.7 0.8 -2.3 -3.1 -0.1 1.1 5.7 -4.5 -1.5 1.8 -2.6 -0.6 -1.5 2.5 1.1 -2.7 -2.0 -2.12003 -1.0 -2.4 -1.6 -1.7 -0.1 -1.6 -1.6 -1.0 -0.2 5.9 -2.0 -1.8 0.5 -1.0 -0.8 -1.6 2.1 1.8 0.0 -1.5 -1.52004 2.9 -0.3 1.1 6.0 2.1 2.2 1.5 2.1 1.8 7.3 -0.8 6.3 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.1 4.2 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.52005 4.4 2.8 1.7 0.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 4.9 4.4 11.1 7.5 7.9 2.1 2.7 2.8 2.8 5.0 1.6 4.7 3.3 3.32006 3.3 2.8 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.9 3.6 5.2 2.4 9.0 8.2 6.2 4.9 2.7 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.6 5.6 3.6 3.52007 2.0 0.1 4.1 -0.4 2.2 1.6 0.7 1.2 2.8 6.7 4.9 6.8 0.5 1.7 2.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.12008 6.6 2.8 6.3 2.0 5.5 4.4 3.8 5.4 4.1 10.2 8.6 -1.8 2.7 4.6 3.9 5.1 2.7 3.0 1.7 4.0 3.92009 -8.3 -6.7 -2.6 -2.7 -1.4 -7.0 -6.1 -7.6 -0.2 -4.6 -10.7 -5.3 0.2 -6.6 -4.6 -9.3 -4.4 -4.1 -7.1 -6.4 -6.52010 6.4 4.7 5.6 6.3 5.3 6.5 3.7 6.6 1.9 5.7 9.9 4.0 3.2 6.4 4.7 4.7 6.5 3.7 6.0 5.3 5.3

2001-2010 1.5 0.1 1.8 0.8 2.3 1.0 0.5 1.7 1.9 5.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 0.8 1.3 0.7 2.9 2.0 0.7 0.9 0.8

2011 6.8 5.3 4.7 -2.5 6.4 8.2 5.4 6.8 2.2 5.6 12.1 4.7 6.8 6.3 6.0 7.1 5.7 5.4 6.1 5.8 5.72012 2.8 2.0 2.5 6.0 4.2 3.4 1.7 3.4 1.7 7.1 4.2 4.2 1.4 2.4 1.9 1.0 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.52013 -0.3 -1.6 -0.2 -1.0 -3.1 -2.0 -1.4 -1.9 1.3 0.7 -1.4 2.4 0.1 -1.2 -0.1 -2.6 -1.5 -1.4 -1.7 -1.3 -1.42014 -2.2 -1.5 -1.5 2.5 -3.7 -0.9 -1.9 -2.5 -2.0 -0.2 -3.1 1.9 0.6 -1.8 -1.1 -2.1 -1.1 -3.4 -1.6 -1.5 -1.52015 -3.8 -1.5 -1.6 2.6 -10.5 0.0 -2.3 -2.7 -1.6 -1.0 -7.5 5.0 1.5 -3.0 -1.8 -4.3 -1.4 -1.1 -4.2 -1.9 -1.92016 -1.7 -2.5 -0.8 -1.4 -3.0 -1.6 -2.2 -3.9 -1.0 -4.7 -4.1 -1.6 1.1 -3.4 -1.3 -3.2 -2.2 -1.1 -2.4 -2.4 -2.42017 2.8 2.6 2.8 1.7 5.4 3.4 2.1 3.3 0.1 2.9 3.9 5.7 1.9 2.8 3.0 3.8 3.0 2.8 3.8 2.8 2.82018 3.2 1.8 2.0 1.2 5.3 2.7 2.0 2.6 1.5 1.4 4.5 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.4 3.4 2.3 2.32019 0.4 -0.1 0.7 -0.4 1.2 1.2 0.0 -0.2 1.2 -0.5 -0.7 3.2 1.7 -0.4 0.6 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.12020 -3.8 -2.1 -1.8 -1.9 -5.8 -2.8 -5.4 -3.1 -3.4 -2.7 -0.6 -1.8 0.5 -1.0 -1.6 -1.5 -2.6 -1.5 -1.8 -2.7 -2.8

2011-2020 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.7 -0.5 1.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.6 2.5 1.8 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

2021 1.6 0.5 1.0 1.3 5.8 1.3 2.4 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.9 3.9 1.5 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.5 1.2 1.2


63

Prices

27. Price deflator imports of goods and services



1961-1970 : : 1.8 : : : : 2.3 : 1.7 : : : : 4.7 3.4 1.0 1.7

1971-1980 : : 9.8 : : : : 12.0 : 10.8 : : : : 36.8 14.0 11.4 13.7

1981-1990 : : 3.1 : : : : 5.5 : 3.5 : : : : 45.9 4.5 -4.1 0.9

1991 : 79.8 2.0 : : 31.7 209.7 0.8 : 1.1 : : : : 60.2 0.8 -5.1 -0.81992 : 3.7 -0.9 : 10.0 21.7 353.9 -2.5 : -0.8 : : : : 63.1 0.2 -4.7 0.11993 : 0.8 -1.4 : 9.7 18.7 146.1 15.0 : 2.9 : : : : 48.9 8.9 -8.4 -0.81994 : -0.4 0.6 : 15.6 27.0 142.1 3.0 : 1.8 : : : : 163.3 3.1 -4.7 0.91995 : 6.4 0.8 : 32.7 18.0 37.6 4.7 : 2.9 : : : : 85.0 6.0 -1.8 2.71996 183.0 1.8 0.2 3.6 20.4 11.0 53.6 -3.8 1.3 0.1 : : 2.6 159.2 80.4 0.4 8.4 -1.71997 763.9 5.2 2.6 4.9 13.4 15.7 106.7 0.4 4.2 0.7 14.9 : 10.1 14.4 74.1 -5.5 6.2 -3.51998 35.3 -1.1 -1.8 1.4 12.0 10.8 14.6 -1.0 -1.3 -2.2 1.6 : 7.7 58.0 62.5 -3.6 -2.8 -5.41999 9.5 1.7 -0.2 6.8 5.4 7.1 58.1 1.2 0.1 -0.5 -6.9 : -0.4 13.1 47.7 -0.6 -8.4 0.62000 9.1 7.0 7.5 9.6 12.3 7.9 37.4 4.1 7.4 6.4 -4.2 : 8.6 36.9 56.4 2.4 1.6 4.4

1991-2000 : 8.7 0.9 : : 16.7 97.7 2.1 : 1.2 : : : : 71.8 1.1 -2.1 -0.4

2001 4.2 -2.5 1.7 2.7 2.4 1.3 30.2 4.0 0.5 0.2 1.7 : 0.6 204.9 91.7 -0.4 2.3 -2.62002 -2.6 -8.1 -2.2 -0.5 -5.2 5.4 16.7 0.1 -1.8 -2.1 4.0 : 1.0 2.2 21.9 -2.8 -1.0 -1.32003 0.1 0.0 -1.9 0.0 0.4 6.7 14.5 -2.1 -1.1 -1.2 2.5 : 6.0 2.7 7.4 0.9 -0.6 3.02004 4.1 1.5 1.1 0.7 -0.9 4.6 11.4 0.7 1.6 1.1 -2.3 : -0.5 16.3 10.5 -0.5 3.0 4.82005 9.5 0.0 3.6 2.2 1.3 -3.6 -2.3 4.6 3.1 3.3 0.2 : 1.9 15.7 0.2 3.1 8.3 5.92006 10.2 0.7 3.5 2.8 7.8 2.4 0.0 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.3 : 6.5 4.5 18.5 2.3 11.0 3.82007 7.3 -0.8 1.7 2.9 -4.3 1.1 -7.6 0.5 0.9 1.1 3.8 -4.6 9.6 -3.0 0.2 1.1 6.6 3.52008 11.0 -3.1 3.1 4.3 1.9 0.8 14.7 4.4 3.8 5.0 2.5 6.4 16.7 8.9 20.7 11.9 5.8 10.02009 -10.5 -1.5 -8.6 -1.7 1.4 8.0 3.3 0.3 -5.4 -5.3 2.4 -6.3 -9.4 6.1 1.1 1.3 -21.4 -11.12010 8.4 0.9 6.9 1.4 1.9 1.8 5.8 -0.2 4.9 5.0 6.2 3.8 2.1 19.5 5.9 3.6 4.3 5.5

2001-2010 3.9 -1.3 0.8 1.5 0.6 2.8 8.2 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.3 : 3.2 19.7 15.6 2.0 1.4 2.0

2011 8.7 2.3 3.3 5.9 5.0 8.5 6.1 -0.2 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.7 11.8 6.8 24.4 6.5 5.8 7.62012 4.9 3.7 2.4 3.0 4.1 5.1 7.4 -1.2 2.6 2.0 0.5 2.5 -6.0 15.0 5.1 -0.2 -0.6 0.22013 -2.4 0.5 -0.4 0.2 -0.5 -1.1 -6.0 -2.6 -1.4 -1.1 0.6 -1.6 -3.2 -1.6 4.9 0.9 11.5 -1.42014 -1.9 2.5 -2.4 -0.6 0.3 -1.9 -0.9 1.8 -1.3 -1.7 -0.4 -1.1 -2.8 0.2 11.6 -3.5 3.5 -0.82015 -2.6 -1.7 0.3 -0.9 -1.0 -1.3 -1.2 1.4 -1.7 -2.1 -0.1 2.2 -3.5 3.9 5.6 -5.2 -7.5 -8.12016 -5.1 -3.4 -4.0 -2.2 -2.2 -0.3 -6.8 -1.6 -2.4 -1.6 -1.2 -2.3 -3.4 0.5 2.9 3.2 -13.2 -3.62017 6.7 0.4 1.9 2.3 1.8 1.4 4.8 4.0 2.7 3.2 -1.1 2.5 4.0 1.2 27.3 5.4 8.6 2.22018 1.9 -0.6 2.7 1.1 3.8 2.7 4.1 6.0 2.4 2.5 0.0 2.7 3.5 -0.9 35.8 2.8 5.4 2.92019 0.4 0.6 2.3 0.4 1.4 1.4 2.1 2.9 0.4 0.4 -0.3 1.0 0.5 -0.2 15.9 1.0 -3.9 -1.42020 -3.0 0.4 -1.1 -0.2 2.8 0.0 -1.2 -1.0 -2.3 -2.6 2.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.2 17.3 -2.0 -4.6 -1.8

2011-2020 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.4 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.2 -0.1 2.4 14.6 0.8 0.2 -0.5

2021 2.6 0.1 0.9 1.3 2.5 0.1 1.0 0.3 1.1 1.3 3.2 1.7 2.3 1.8 12.5 1.8 1.0 1.9


64

Prices

28. Terms of trade goods and services (National accounts)

(2015 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI 1)

1960 106.0 81.5 : 120.0 91.6 56.7 109.0 111.1 : : : 109.6 : 99.4 114.5 76.1 : : 122.6

1965 104.5 83.9 : 123.6 94.3 61.1 110.7 113.3 : : : 100.8 : 103.4 118.7 79.6 : : 131.5

1970 106.7 96.4 : 118.4 93.8 79.8 108.8 111.9 : : : 112.3 : 104.7 115.3 84.6 : : 126.0

1975 103.8 93.3 : 111.8 82.6 74.2 102.0 90.9 : : : 102.6 : 101.2 113.6 76.9 : : 126.2

1980 99.5 86.2 : 104.6 79.7 69.6 95.0 86.0 : : : 98.9 : 97.6 107.0 72.0 : : 108.8

1985 96.2 82.7 : 108.9 78.2 64.1 91.3 88.7 : : : 96.8 : 99.5 105.3 69.7 : : 109.0

1990 103.3 94.7 : 107.9 86.0 91.5 100.1 105.4 : : : 95.4 : 97.3 107.0 84.5 94.5 : 119.2

1991 103.4 93.4 : 105.1 87.2 94.3 99.1 109.6 : : : 94.3 : 97.5 106.8 85.7 89.4 : 114.91992 105.2 96.3 : 104.3 85.6 95.8 99.7 108.6 : : : 93.4 : 97.0 106.1 88.8 90.0 119.6 113.21993 106.8 98.0 73.8 106.6 87.0 94.8 101.2 104.0 : : : 95.6 : 96.9 105.7 89.9 95.3 117.2 111.51994 106.3 98.8 73.4 104.3 89.4 93.7 100.6 102.9 104.2 : : 96.6 : 97.2 106.0 91.4 97.8 115.5 113.51995 106.2 100.2 76.3 102.4 90.4 95.0 99.5 100.0 98.8 101.1 76.3 96.9 100.4 97.7 106.4 93.3 100.1 116.8 119.11996 105.4 99.8 76.1 102.4 92.5 96.7 98.5 102.5 99.0 100.5 82.6 99.4 100.0 97.6 104.8 91.3 101.7 111.2 118.01997 105.1 98.2 80.2 102.8 93.1 96.8 98.4 103.0 98.6 92.8 86.0 96.1 98.0 98.8 103.7 91.9 102.1 113.8 116.31998 105.7 100.2 81.2 103.7 93.9 99.7 99.7 105.9 99.7 97.1 83.5 93.9 94.7 100.0 103.3 94.5 103.0 109.8 118.41999 104.7 100.9 81.0 103.5 94.2 99.4 100.0 105.8 100.5 100.5 86.8 96.4 96.7 99.3 102.8 95.5 103.3 108.0 114.92000 102.9 96.8 83.2 103.4 92.5 95.9 97.3 100.0 100.6 94.9 91.4 94.7 97.3 99.2 101.7 92.8 100.1 111.9 110.7

2001 102.9 96.8 86.9 104.7 93.3 97.6 97.6 101.6 102.5 96.2 91.1 94.3 96.1 100.7 102.0 92.9 101.8 110.7 112.32002 103.6 98.7 90.4 106.9 94.6 100.4 99.3 103.1 100.0 93.7 91.4 94.9 96.8 101.5 102.7 94.6 103.7 110.4 112.12003 103.3 100.5 91.9 105.8 96.3 101.7 99.3 104.0 103.3 95.6 91.4 95.9 98.3 101.5 103.5 94.9 104.4 110.1 110.42004 102.5 100.7 92.6 100.1 96.2 101.4 98.4 103.0 104.4 98.0 99.2 95.7 97.2 101.1 103.0 94.5 103.2 109.8 107.92005 101.7 98.9 94.4 101.8 95.3 102.3 97.1 100.3 101.6 97.1 100.3 95.4 97.8 101.4 102.1 93.5 101.0 109.8 104.22006 101.0 97.3 96.6 100.8 95.3 102.8 95.6 97.3 100.4 96.5 97.4 97.4 98.1 101.5 101.0 94.1 100.4 108.3 101.02007 101.2 97.7 98.6 101.3 95.7 103.7 96.7 98.5 101.2 101.1 98.3 96.3 98.8 101.2 100.6 94.5 101.3 107.0 100.92008 98.5 96.1 98.7 102.4 94.6 102.0 96.1 96.1 99.8 99.3 101.9 97.6 98.3 101.0 99.3 92.3 100.0 105.3 99.02009 101.5 100.4 99.1 100.9 94.0 106.7 98.6 101.6 100.2 99.5 98.0 99.1 98.2 101.9 101.2 96.8 103.5 104.1 100.22010 99.7 98.2 97.2 97.5 94.3 103.7 97.2 97.6 99.6 99.6 98.6 99.8 99.3 100.1 99.6 95.5 99.4 103.3 98.2

2011 98.3 95.6 97.6 99.4 93.8 100.0 94.9 95.1 98.7 102.6 97.8 100.3 99.2 98.6 97.8 93.7 98.0 101.9 96.62012 98.3 95.5 97.1 97.7 92.4 98.9 94.6 93.7 99.0 99.7 96.9 100.3 98.9 98.6 97.3 94.3 97.0 100.7 95.62013 98.7 96.5 98.0 97.6 93.9 100.3 95.7 95.3 99.2 100.3 96.7 100.3 99.2 99.0 97.5 96.0 97.8 100.2 96.32014 99.0 97.7 99.5 95.6 95.4 99.5 96.9 97.7 99.3 99.4 97.5 101.1 100.0 98.9 98.4 96.9 98.7 100.3 97.02015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 100.6 101.7 100.9 99.7 99.6 100.4 101.0 103.3 100.3 103.0 101.7 100.5 100.2 100.6 100.8 101.6 100.8 99.6 100.02017 100.0 100.8 101.9 98.3 99.2 99.6 99.7 101.7 101.1 103.5 102.0 99.9 100.8 100.4 99.6 100.8 100.3 99.1 99.42018 98.9 99.9 102.2 97.0 97.3 98.0 98.4 100.9 100.6 105.3 101.0 100.1 101.1 100.1 98.9 100.6 100.2 98.5 100.22019 99.3 100.8 101.9 97.4 95.8 97.1 99.4 101.7 98.5 106.1 102.6 100.4 101.3 100.8 98.7 101.2 100.6 98.3 99.32020 99.9 103.4 102.3 99.5 96.6 98.8 100.7 104.3 98.1 108.0 102.7 100.4 101.7 100.7 98.6 102.9 102.9 98.4 100.4

2021 100.1 103.2 102.6 99.2 95.9 98.6 100.7 104.7 97.3 108.6 102.0 100.5 101.6 100.6 98.7 102.8 103.5 98.4 100.5

1) 1961-91 D_W

65

Prices

28. Terms of trade goods and services (National accounts)

(2015 = 100)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE AL ME MK RS TR UK JP US

1960 : : 79.6 : : : : 138.7 : : : : 123.1 90.4 215.0 133.8

1965 : : 83.5 : : : : 131.5 : : : : 127.7 91.5 214.4 135.5

1970 : : 90.4 : : : : 133.7 : : : : 123.6 92.6 206.8 140.2

1975 : : 87.4 : : : : 128.6 : : : : 89.8 80.6 162.1 113.0

1980 : : 83.9 : : : : 112.3 : : : : 118.3 89.7 118.3 90.8

1985 : : 82.9 : : : : 109.3 : : : : 118.2 90.5 119.4 102.5

1990 : 91.2 89.2 : : 93.3 62.2 113.6 : : : : 112.2 91.0 144.2 94.8

1991 : 79.1 88.8 : 96.0 85.4 66.6 114.9 : : : : 112.8 92.2 146.9 96.71992 : 81.5 90.8 : 96.2 90.7 60.9 114.5 : : : : 112.4 92.9 149.6 96.11993 : 85.8 90.5 : 99.0 97.2 61.6 108.3 : : : : 120.7 93.3 151.9 97.01994 : 90.3 89.6 : 101.5 100.8 57.4 109.0 : : : : 121.4 91.9 153.9 97.21995 99.9 90.3 89.8 79.0 102.4 102.2 57.3 111.5 : : 92.1 149.1 113.5 89.8 153.1 96.71996 69.8 94.1 91.0 79.9 101.6 99.6 54.3 110.6 131.4 : 91.5 110.0 106.3 91.1 146.0 97.21997 67.2 94.5 91.1 83.0 103.6 98.1 56.4 109.8 121.7 : 89.7 99.5 114.2 91.8 139.9 98.91998 70.6 99.6 90.8 85.2 104.6 100.1 59.2 109.6 116.9 : 88.9 86.5 112.5 91.7 145.5 102.01999 75.6 98.9 90.5 83.4 104.0 98.9 60.3 106.5 122.8 : 91.7 87.9 115.4 92.8 145.0 100.72000 79.6 96.0 91.1 87.0 101.9 92.9 64.0 104.7 124.5 : 91.9 85.2 104.9 92.2 137.0 98.3

2001 80.1 98.8 91.0 87.9 102.6 92.9 64.0 103.2 126.5 : 95.7 85.4 102.8 93.9 137.3 100.22002 80.1 102.3 92.1 89.4 103.8 92.3 65.8 101.1 125.0 : 91.9 86.5 105.4 96.0 136.8 100.72003 82.7 102.4 92.8 91.5 103.5 91.8 67.4 100.7 120.6 : 94.5 88.9 108.9 97.2 132.6 99.22004 85.4 103.5 93.6 93.9 103.3 94.8 71.9 99.5 120.9 : 94.0 89.1 111.4 97.7 127.0 98.12005 84.7 101.3 95.3 94.1 101.6 95.9 75.2 97.6 109.7 : 97.4 88.3 110.9 97.7 118.9 95.92006 89.9 99.2 94.7 95.4 100.2 95.8 81.2 97.7 109.0 90.2 96.2 97.9 106.0 97.5 110.6 95.32007 92.5 100.3 94.1 96.6 100.6 97.4 90.1 99.1 109.3 95.5 100.2 104.3 107.8 96.4 106.2 95.62008 93.5 99.1 95.8 97.8 99.7 96.0 92.7 98.8 112.0 93.7 98.2 102.3 104.6 93.2 96.4 90.92009 95.7 101.1 96.1 98.8 100.5 99.0 93.1 99.8 110.4 95.9 95.4 105.9 106.7 94.9 108.2 96.12010 96.6 99.1 98.4 99.5 100.5 97.6 94.4 99.4 104.8 96.9 96.7 98.9 104.3 96.1 102.0 94.9

2011 100.3 97.5 96.6 100.0 99.1 96.1 96.0 98.7 101.9 94.6 93.6 99.7 96.7 94.6 94.2 93.72012 98.0 97.0 97.1 99.4 98.2 94.9 94.9 98.8 102.5 93.0 94.6 96.6 95.9 94.9 93.1 94.32013 97.5 98.1 98.1 99.2 98.7 95.9 95.8 99.0 101.4 95.8 94.7 100.0 98.1 96.7 92.2 95.82014 98.6 99.6 99.6 99.5 99.3 97.7 97.3 99.3 101.5 97.5 96.6 101.9 98.0 98.5 91.7 96.62015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 103.4 101.0 99.9 101.4 100.7 100.5 99.7 100.3 99.2 100.8 105.0 100.1 103.9 100.9 105.4 101.72017 103.6 100.0 99.7 101.7 100.1 100.7 99.9 99.4 101.6 106.1 105.4 100.0 98.0 100.1 101.1 102.02018 104.8 100.0 98.8 102.4 99.0 99.6 100.6 98.0 103.0 109.5 103.1 99.7 95.5 100.3 97.0 102.52019 106.9 100.4 98.7 103.2 99.0 101.2 101.7 98.5 99.8 110.2 102.2 100.7 95.2 100.9 98.1 103.72020 105.6 100.0 98.7 103.3 100.0 101.7 101.5 98.6 98.3 111.9 102.1 100.7 97.2 100.9 97.9 104.0

2021 105.5 99.9 98.9 102.9 100.0 102.0 102.1 98.9 96.4 112.4 102.0 100.8 96.8 100.9 97.9 103.7

66

Wage costs

29. Nominal compensation per employee; total economy



1961-1970 7.9 8.6 : 9.8 9.4 14.1 9.8 10.7 : : : 6.7 : 10.6 8.6 10.3 : : 9.8 : 9.8

1971-1980 12.3 8.3 : 18.6 18.3 20.4 13.5 18.4 : : : 10.6 : 10.6 10.0 20.3 : : 15.2 : 12.8

1981-1990 5.3 3.3 : 9.2 19.6 10.4 7.0 11.7 : : : 5.9 : 2.3 4.9 18.7 : : 9.8 : 6.8

1991 7.4 5.9 : 4.5 15.3 10.1 3.8 8.9 : : : 5.4 9.3 4.8 6.6 16.7 : : 6.3 : 6.51992 5.3 10.3 : 7.8 11.5 11.3 4.1 5.7 : : : 6.5 6.8 4.7 6.1 18.7 : : 2.0 : 7.51993 4.6 4.1 : 5.5 9.8 7.4 2.7 4.5 : 138.1 : 5.7 10.2 3.3 4.6 7.3 : : 0.6 : 4.21994 4.4 2.9 56.5 2.2 10.9 3.7 1.4 3.4 : 63.9 67.7 3.9 6.4 3.0 4.1 5.3 : : 3.2 : 3.01995 1.0 3.4 42.6 3.0 13.0 3.7 2.5 4.3 : 8.8 67.5 1.4 9.0 1.6 3.5 10.3 : : 3.9 : 3.31996 1.9 1.0 28.7 4.1 9.3 3.4 2.4 6.4 4.7 24.2 33.0 2.7 2.1 1.6 1.4 6.1 13.6 12.9 2.4 2.6 2.41997 3.1 0.6 20.1 7.1 13.7 2.8 1.7 4.2 5.5 6.4 23.0 2.0 5.1 2.3 0.8 5.7 12.4 16.7 1.5 2.1 1.91998 1.4 1.0 13.5 8.2 5.9 2.5 1.9 -0.9 2.9 9.0 15.5 1.1 3.1 3.4 2.6 5.9 8.6 9.8 4.7 1.6 1.41999 3.5 1.1 8.7 5.0 6.5 1.9 2.0 2.7 4.5 8.6 2.6 4.5 3.7 4.4 1.9 5.1 8.4 6.6 3.4 2.3 2.12000 2.0 1.6 11.9 7.9 5.2 3.3 2.3 2.2 6.0 9.4 -0.4 5.5 6.8 5.8 2.3 6.0 10.1 13.3 3.8 2.8 2.5

1991-2000 3.4 3.2 : 5.5 10.1 5.0 2.5 4.1 : : : 3.9 6.2 3.5 3.4 8.6 : : 3.2 : 3.5

2001 3.7 2.0 10.0 7.9 5.6 2.8 2.3 2.9 3.7 4.1 7.1 3.2 5.0 3.3 1.5 4.2 11.6 5.7 3.7 2.7 2.52002 4.1 1.2 10.1 5.0 10.7 3.6 3.1 3.4 4.8 4.4 5.0 3.9 3.6 5.1 2.1 3.6 8.3 8.8 1.7 2.8 2.72003 2.0 1.8 11.2 6.5 7.6 2.7 2.8 4.3 7.9 12.2 8.9 1.3 6.3 4.0 1.7 3.2 7.8 7.9 2.1 2.7 2.72004 1.8 0.3 12.3 5.2 4.4 3.9 3.4 3.6 2.2 14.9 12.1 3.9 2.9 2.7 2.1 3.3 7.7 7.9 3.5 2.4 2.32005 1.8 0.4 10.5 5.3 8.5 3.4 3.0 2.9 6.6 26.3 13.8 3.8 1.3 1.7 2.0 4.7 6.0 8.7 3.4 2.3 2.22006 3.5 1.1 14.8 4.4 3.1 4.2 2.8 2.5 4.2 22.5 20.7 4.2 4.4 1.5 3.1 1.8 5.4 8.0 3.3 2.4 2.32007 3.5 1.0 25.8 5.7 4.6 4.3 2.4 2.4 1.9 34.9 14.1 4.2 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.4 6.1 8.7 3.2 2.6 2.52008 3.7 2.3 10.4 3.9 3.7 7.1 2.7 3.6 3.2 17.7 14.1 2.8 4.1 4.0 3.3 2.6 7.2 6.7 4.2 3.5 3.52009 1.1 0.4 -2.9 -1.2 3.1 3.9 1.6 2.2 5.6 -10.9 -9.3 1.7 3.0 2.8 1.6 2.4 1.8 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.72010 1.5 2.6 2.7 -2.5 -2.0 2.1 2.9 2.7 0.8 -6.6 -0.3 1.9 2.0 0.8 1.1 2.0 3.9 5.4 2.0 2.3 2.2

2001-2010 2.7 1.3 10.3 4.0 4.9 3.8 2.7 3.1 4.1 11.1 8.3 3.1 3.6 2.9 2.1 3.1 6.6 7.0 2.9 2.6 2.5

2011 3.1 3.0 1.9 0.4 -3.8 0.3 2.6 1.2 2.3 2.3 6.1 1.9 3.3 2.4 2.1 -1.9 1.6 2.0 3.4 2.1 2.22012 3.1 2.6 5.8 1.0 -3.0 -0.4 2.4 0.3 1.7 7.5 4.2 1.8 3.4 2.3 2.7 -3.1 -1.0 2.5 2.7 1.9 1.92013 2.4 1.9 5.7 -0.4 -7.5 1.3 1.7 1.3 -5.3 5.5 5.4 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.2 3.5 0.5 2.6 1.4 1.7 1.72014 1.0 2.9 6.6 0.4 -2.0 0.3 1.3 0.0 -3.7 8.5 4.6 3.5 1.4 1.7 1.9 -1.8 1.2 2.0 0.9 1.4 1.42015 0.1 2.8 3.7 2.3 -2.4 0.6 1.0 1.0 -1.4 7.7 5.8 1.8 5.7 -0.2 1.9 0.3 1.5 3.7 1.4 1.3 1.32016 0.6 2.3 5.7 2.2 -0.9 -0.6 1.3 0.1 -0.9 7.3 6.4 0.8 2.9 1.2 2.4 1.2 3.1 2.2 0.9 1.2 1.22017 1.8 2.6 7.0 2.5 0.5 0.7 2.0 0.6 1.0 7.6 9.5 3.0 -0.5 1.0 1.6 2.3 3.0 5.4 -1.1 1.7 1.62018 1.9 2.9 10.2 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.8 2.1 0.5 8.5 7.7 3.3 2.1 1.7 2.9 2.5 3.9 5.6 1.3 2.2 2.12019 1.7 3.2 7.8 4.0 1.1 2.0 0.2 1.6 2.9 8.8 9.5 1.7 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.8 4.5 6.2 1.6 2.1 2.02020 -1.4 -0.6 2.0 -2.3 -3.6 0.5 6.0 -0.5 -5.4 0.3 -8.2 1.8 3.4 2.2 0.7 0.2 1.6 1.3 2.1 1.1 1.2

2011-2020 1.4 2.4 5.6 1.2 -2.1 0.6 2.0 0.8 -0.9 6.4 5.0 2.2 2.6 1.7 2.1 0.6 2.0 3.3 1.5 1.7 1.7

2021 1.2 3.2 2.7 1.7 3.2 0.7 -6.0 0.8 6.6 3.9 7.4 2.4 2.8 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.2 2.5 2.8 0.4 0.3


67

Wage costs

29. Nominal compensation per employee; total economy



1961-1970 : : 10.6 : : : : 8.5 : 9.1 : : : : : 7.0 : 5.2

1971-1980 : : 11.7 : : : : 11.4 : 13.2 : : : : : 16.1 : 7.7

1981-1990 : : 6.8 : : : : 8.5 : 7.1 : : : : : 8.4 3.9 5.6

1991 : : 4.3 : : : 127.4 6.6 : 7.1 : : : : 85.3 9.8 4.9 4.61992 : : 3.9 : : 56.8 187.8 5.5 : 7.1 : : : : 63.4 5.4 1.3 5.41993 : : 2.2 : : 31.5 207.6 2.8 : 4.1 : : : : 75.0 4.2 0.8 3.01994 : 19.7 0.6 : : 41.3 132.6 6.3 : 2.5 : : : : 53.8 0.1 1.4 2.61995 : 13.8 3.5 : : 34.1 54.3 2.3 : 3.4 : : : : 67.0 3.7 1.2 3.21996 71.8 17.1 4.0 13.8 21.3 27.2 51.0 6.8 3.6 2.7 : : : : 93.4 3.4 1.0 3.71997 857.7 10.4 3.1 15.2 22.0 20.5 91.5 5.9 3.9 2.6 : : : : 101.8 5.9 2.0 4.21998 59.0 8.5 4.0 14.2 16.1 13.9 92.2 -1.6 2.8 1.8 : : 3.0 : 74.2 3.8 -0.7 5.91999 6.7 6.2 4.0 7.0 8.1 14.4 40.8 3.8 3.7 2.9 : : 6.2 : 53.0 6.1 -0.9 4.32000 9.9 7.4 3.1 8.0 16.2 10.4 70.1 6.9 4.0 3.2 : : 4.9 : 45.6 5.5 0.1 6.0

1991-2000 : : 3.3 : : : 98.8 4.5 : 3.7 : : : : 70.4 4.8 1.1 4.3

2001 13.4 8.4 4.0 1.8 16.1 10.0 55.2 4.3 3.7 3.1 : : 0.0 : 38.5 5.1 -1.5 3.42002 6.0 7.8 3.8 10.6 11.4 2.5 16.5 3.2 3.0 2.7 : : 4.2 : 40.6 2.5 -2.7 2.42003 4.1 7.7 3.6 7.7 10.5 1.6 27.4 3.6 3.1 3.2 : : 8.3 : 30.3 5.0 -1.2 3.82004 6.2 7.9 3.1 5.0 11.9 2.4 17.4 4.2 2.4 2.9 : : -3.0 : 22.3 5.4 -0.8 4.72005 9.3 3.9 3.4 5.4 8.3 2.0 26.8 3.3 2.4 2.7 : : -2.0 : 9.0 4.2 0.2 3.72006 6.3 5.9 3.5 3.0 5.3 2.1 12.5 3.0 2.4 3.0 : : 10.2 : 10.7 5.9 -0.6 4.02007 12.7 6.1 3.7 5.3 6.4 5.7 7.3 5.5 2.8 3.2 : : -3.0 : 10.6 5.6 -0.7 4.22008 16.8 4.1 3.9 4.4 7.7 8.3 36.4 4.0 3.9 2.9 : : 8.2 : 9.8 0.5 0.3 2.72009 8.1 -0.6 2.8 0.0 -3.3 3.4 -3.6 2.3 1.7 1.6 : : 3.6 : 6.0 0.9 -3.9 0.72010 9.9 3.5 3.2 2.1 1.2 8.9 10.9 2.6 2.9 2.4 : : 4.6 : 8.4 3.0 -0.1 2.8

2001-2010 9.2 5.4 3.5 4.5 7.4 4.7 19.7 3.6 2.8 2.8 : : 3.0 : 18.0 3.8 -1.1 3.2

2011 6.8 2.7 1.4 3.6 4.2 5.3 -2.8 3.1 2.2 2.1 : : 1.1 : 9.4 1.8 0.3 2.62012 7.7 1.7 1.8 0.1 3.0 3.6 3.4 3.1 1.8 1.8 : : -2.0 : 12.4 1.3 0.0 2.12013 8.8 -0.3 1.6 -1.2 0.4 1.7 4.1 2.0 1.6 2.0 : : -4.2 : 10.3 3.2 -0.3 1.52014 5.6 2.6 1.5 -5.1 0.6 2.2 6.9 2.3 1.3 1.3 : : 5.0 : 14.8 1.1 0.9 2.72015 5.6 3.0 1.7 0.7 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.6 1.4 1.3 : : 2.1 : 12.8 0.7 0.5 2.82016 5.8 4.0 1.3 0.4 2.4 4.8 15.0 2.6 1.5 1.6 : : 6.4 : 20.2 3.2 1.2 1.22017 10.5 6.4 1.6 0.2 7.0 5.8 14.8 2.1 2.1 1.9 : : 3.4 : 8.8 3.2 0.5 3.22018 9.7 8.0 1.7 2.2 6.2 7.9 13.4 3.9 2.7 2.3 : : 1.4 : 17.0 2.9 1.5 3.32019 6.1 6.2 1.5 3.4 9.4 7.3 8.9 3.0 2.6 2.3 : : : : 18.7 3.8 0.9 3.12020 3.4 2.5 1.0 -1.2 5.0 3.8 2.6 -1.3 1.1 -0.2 : : : : 5.3 -6.5 -2.1 0.4

2011-2020 7.0 3.7 1.5 0.3 4.0 4.4 6.7 2.3 1.8 1.6 : : : : 12.9 1.4 0.3 2.3

2021 2.3 4.2 1.7 1.1 4.4 2.6 4.8 5.6 1.1 1.8 : : : : 8.6 8.6 2.3 1.3


68

Wage costs

30. Real compensation per employee, deflator GDP; total economy



1961-1970 4.3 4.6 : 4.1 6.3 7.1 5.2 6.0 : : : 2.5 : 5.2 4.6 7.0 : : 3.7 : 5.2

1971-1980 5.1 3.0 : 4.2 3.1 4.6 3.5 2.8 : : : 3.9 : 2.7 3.4 4.0 : : 3.8 : 3.1

1981-1990 1.0 0.5 : 2.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 : : : 1.7 : 0.5 1.2 1.5 : : 2.6 : 0.4

1991 4.4 2.7 : 2.7 -3.7 2.9 1.2 1.1 : : : 3.6 : 1.6 2.9 5.2 : : 4.8 : 1.81992 1.8 4.7 : 4.8 -2.9 4.3 2.1 1.1 : : : 2.7 3.1 2.1 2.5 8.9 : : 1.1 : 3.01993 0.6 0.2 : 0.3 -4.0 2.8 1.1 0.6 : 44.5 : -0.2 7.2 1.6 1.8 1.9 : : -1.1 : 0.71994 2.3 0.8 12.0 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 -0.2 : 20.3 3.7 0.4 2.8 0.9 1.5 -1.4 : : 1.4 : 0.51995 -0.2 1.4 8.5 0.1 2.9 -1.2 1.3 -0.9 : -5.5 14.4 -0.9 4.0 -0.5 1.6 4.4 : : -0.3 : 0.51996 1.4 0.5 5.0 1.8 1.5 -0.1 1.0 1.8 2.0 10.5 11.8 -1.7 1.1 0.6 0.4 3.6 1.9 8.0 2.5 0.7 0.61997 2.3 0.3 9.2 3.1 6.7 0.5 0.8 1.6 3.2 0.5 10.4 3.0 3.7 -0.3 -0.4 1.8 3.7 11.4 -0.5 0.6 0.51998 -0.4 0.3 6.2 1.6 0.8 -0.1 1.0 -3.2 0.9 4.0 11.7 3.2 0.7 1.3 2.2 2.0 1.1 4.7 1.5 0.0 -0.11999 2.9 0.8 1.9 0.6 2.8 -0.6 1.8 1.1 2.2 7.0 3.9 -1.2 2.1 3.1 1.7 1.7 1.8 -0.5 2.5 1.3 1.12000 0.0 2.1 7.9 1.0 3.5 -0.1 0.7 0.4 3.2 5.6 -1.6 3.3 4.5 2.3 0.9 2.5 4.3 3.5 2.1 1.3 1.1

1991-2000 1.5 1.4 : 1.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.3 : : : 1.2 : 1.3 1.5 3.0 : : 1.4 : 1.0

2001 1.6 0.7 3.0 1.0 2.1 -1.2 0.3 -0.2 0.1 1.8 7.4 2.8 2.5 -0.8 -0.4 0.4 2.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.12002 2.5 -0.1 5.0 -0.2 7.1 -0.5 1.1 0.1 4.5 -0.7 4.6 2.2 0.8 1.2 0.9 -0.6 0.7 4.7 0.7 0.3 0.32003 0.1 0.4 7.0 2.5 4.0 -1.2 0.9 1.2 2.4 6.9 9.8 -1.3 3.4 1.8 0.4 -0.2 2.1 2.4 1.9 0.5 0.52004 -0.1 -0.8 7.3 4.6 1.3 0.0 1.7 0.9 -0.5 7.6 9.1 0.9 1.4 1.5 0.3 0.8 4.2 2.1 2.9 0.5 0.42005 -0.3 -0.1 4.4 2.1 6.1 -0.7 1.1 0.9 4.5 13.6 6.5 -0.4 -0.9 -0.3 -0.5 1.3 4.4 6.0 2.4 0.4 0.42006 1.3 0.7 5.3 0.9 -0.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 1.1 8.9 13.1 -2.7 1.6 -1.0 1.2 -1.3 3.1 5.0 2.3 0.4 0.42007 1.6 -0.7 11.9 4.5 1.1 0.8 -0.1 0.0 -2.2 12.3 5.1 2.6 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.5 1.9 7.5 0.4 0.2 0.12008 1.7 1.3 3.3 4.2 -0.7 4.7 0.3 1.2 -1.4 5.3 4.0 -1.1 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.9 2.6 3.7 1.2 1.5 1.52009 0.5 -1.5 -2.8 3.6 0.5 3.8 1.5 0.5 5.3 -1.3 -6.2 0.3 0.3 2.6 -0.2 1.3 -1.5 3.8 0.3 0.9 0.82010 -0.4 1.9 0.8 0.6 -2.6 2.0 1.9 2.3 -1.1 -6.2 -2.5 -1.7 -1.8 -0.1 0.2 1.4 5.0 4.9 1.7 1.6 1.6

2001-2010 0.8 0.2 4.5 2.4 1.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.2 4.6 4.9 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.4 2.5 4.0 1.4 0.6 0.6

2011 1.3 1.9 -3.3 -1.1 -4.5 0.3 1.6 -0.4 0.7 -3.8 0.7 -2.7 1.1 2.2 0.2 -1.6 0.5 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.12012 1.1 1.1 1.7 -1.2 -2.7 -0.3 1.2 -1.2 0.1 3.8 1.3 -0.7 1.4 0.9 0.6 -2.7 -1.4 1.2 -0.2 0.6 0.62013 1.2 0.0 1.6 -1.6 -5.2 0.9 0.9 0.1 -4.4 3.8 4.0 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.2 -1.1 2.0 -1.1 0.4 0.42014 0.0 1.0 3.5 0.5 -0.2 0.5 0.7 -0.9 -2.3 6.6 3.7 0.7 -0.9 1.4 -0.3 -2.5 0.8 2.2 -0.7 0.4 0.42015 -1.2 1.0 2.6 -5.1 -2.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 7.7 5.7 1.6 3.5 -1.0 -0.3 -1.7 0.5 4.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.12016 -1.1 1.1 3.9 2.5 -0.7 -0.9 0.8 -1.0 -0.1 6.4 4.7 0.0 1.4 0.8 0.7 -0.5 2.4 2.7 0.7 0.4 0.32017 0.1 1.5 3.2 1.4 -0.1 -0.7 1.5 -0.1 -0.7 4.5 5.1 1.2 -3.0 -0.3 0.5 0.8 1.4 4.1 -1.8 0.7 0.72018 0.3 1.3 5.4 1.3 0.8 -0.1 1.0 1.2 -0.8 4.3 4.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.5 1.2 0.9 1.7 3.5 -0.5 0.9 0.82019 0.1 1.0 4.4 2.4 1.5 0.4 -1.3 0.6 2.3 6.0 6.6 -1.7 0.1 -0.1 1.2 1.0 2.1 3.5 -0.1 0.4 0.32020 -2.8 -2.7 0.3 -3.5 -3.5 0.3 4.7 -1.4 -5.8 -1.1 -10.0 1.4 1.5 1.1 -0.5 -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 0.3 -0.2 -0.1

2011-2020 -0.1 0.7 2.3 -0.5 -1.7 0.1 1.1 -0.3 -1.2 3.8 2.5 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.4 -0.6 0.6 2.3 -0.3 0.5 0.4

2021 -0.4 1.6 0.7 0.5 2.6 -0.4 -6.9 -0.1 5.6 1.6 4.6 -0.3 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.9 -0.9 -1.0


69

Wage costs

30. Real compensation per employee, deflator GDP; total economy



1961-1970 : : 4.2 : : : : 4.1 : 4.5 : : : : : 2.2 : 2.4

1971-1980 : : 1.8 : : : : 1.7 : 2.9 : : : : : 1.7 : 0.8

1981-1990 : : 1.0 : : : : 0.7 : 0.6 : : : : : 1.5 2.4 1.4

1991 : : 1.6 : : : -23.1 -1.8 : 1.9 : : : : 16.7 2.9 2.3 1.21992 : : 2.2 : : 13.1 -4.0 4.1 : 2.9 : : : : -0.2 2.2 -0.3 3.11993 : : 1.6 : : 0.6 -6.0 0.2 : 0.8 : : : : 4.3 1.5 0.3 0.61994 : 7.4 -0.9 : : 3.0 -2.7 3.6 : 0.2 : : : : -25.5 -1.2 1.3 0.51995 : 4.3 2.2 : : 4.8 14.1 -1.4 : 0.6 : : : : -10.8 1.2 1.8 1.11996 5.3 6.4 2.0 9.6 -0.5 7.9 4.9 5.8 0.9 0.5 : : : : 8.7 -0.7 1.5 1.81997 -5.6 1.9 1.1 7.8 1.5 6.0 -18.6 4.3 0.3 1.2 : : : : 11.2 4.8 1.5 2.41998 19.3 -1.3 2.7 5.6 2.0 2.6 29.8 -2.4 0.6 0.4 : : 1.5 : -0.9 2.8 -0.7 4.71999 3.4 3.1 2.3 3.2 -0.1 7.7 -5.8 2.9 2.2 1.9 : : 3.4 : -0.8 5.1 0.4 2.92000 2.5 5.6 0.1 3.0 6.0 4.0 18.8 5.4 2.2 1.7 : : -3.0 : -2.5 3.6 1.5 3.7

1991-2000 : : 1.5 : : : -0.5 2.0 : 1.2 : : : : -0.7 2.2 1.0 2.2

2001 6.8 3.3 1.4 -2.4 4.5 6.7 12.5 1.8 0.9 0.9 : : -4.5 : -9.4 4.1 -0.4 1.22002 2.1 5.0 1.4 6.8 3.0 0.6 -5.0 1.6 0.4 0.4 : : 3.2 : 2.2 0.4 -1.3 0.82003 1.8 6.5 2.0 3.3 4.8 0.9 3.4 1.9 0.7 1.0 : : 6.6 : 5.7 2.7 0.4 1.92004 0.5 3.9 1.0 1.3 6.5 -2.4 1.7 3.9 0.3 0.9 : : -2.8 : 8.7 2.7 0.3 1.92005 2.6 3.8 0.4 2.2 5.6 -0.5 13.2 2.6 0.5 0.7 : : -6.5 : 1.8 1.7 1.2 0.62006 -0.4 5.2 1.4 -0.8 1.5 0.4 1.7 1.2 0.3 0.9 : : 6.7 : 1.2 3.0 0.3 1.02007 1.4 2.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 2.0 -7.4 2.5 0.1 0.7 : : -7.3 : 4.1 2.9 0.0 1.52008 8.0 2.0 -0.3 -1.1 2.8 4.2 17.6 0.7 1.5 0.7 : : 2.6 : -2.0 -2.3 1.3 0.72009 3.9 -3.1 2.3 -2.9 -7.2 -0.4 -7.4 -0.1 0.5 0.5 : : 3.3 : 0.6 -0.7 -3.3 0.02010 8.7 5.0 0.0 1.2 -1.2 7.2 7.1 1.6 2.2 1.5 : : 2.5 : 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.6

2001-2010 3.5 3.4 1.1 0.8 2.0 1.8 3.4 1.8 0.7 0.8 : : 0.3 : 1.3 1.6 0.0 1.1

2011 0.8 2.7 0.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 -6.3 2.0 1.0 0.9 : : -2.5 : 1.1 -0.3 2.0 0.52012 6.1 0.3 -0.5 -1.3 -0.2 1.2 -0.6 2.1 0.4 0.5 : : -2.9 : 4.7 -0.4 0.8 0.22013 9.5 -1.7 0.7 -2.0 -2.5 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.6 : : -8.3 : 3.8 1.3 0.1 -0.32014 5.1 0.1 0.4 -5.2 -2.9 1.7 5.1 0.6 0.3 0.2 : : 3.5 : 6.9 -0.7 -0.8 0.82015 3.1 1.8 1.3 0.6 -0.5 0.9 -0.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 : : 0.1 : 4.6 0.1 -1.6 1.72016 3.2 2.7 1.1 0.5 1.5 4.4 12.2 1.1 0.6 0.5 : : 2.8 : 11.2 1.0 0.9 0.12017 6.3 4.9 0.4 -1.0 3.1 3.9 9.7 -0.1 0.9 0.8 : : 0.6 : -2.0 1.2 0.7 1.32018 5.4 5.3 0.8 0.4 1.6 6.7 6.7 1.6 1.3 0.8 : : -2.2 : 0.5 0.7 1.6 0.82019 1.3 2.6 0.5 1.8 4.7 4.3 1.8 0.3 0.6 0.6 : : : : 4.2 1.9 0.3 1.42020 2.9 1.0 0.5 -2.0 0.7 1.3 0.2 -2.3 -0.3 -1.6 : : : : -6.4 -8.0 -2.0 1.0

2011-2020 4.4 2.0 0.6 -0.6 0.7 2.8 2.7 0.7 0.5 0.3 : : : : 2.7 -0.3 0.2 0.8

2021 -0.2 2.5 -0.2 0.1 1.3 0.0 2.3 4.2 -0.3 0.5 : : : : -2.5 6.9 2.3 -0.2


70

Wage costs

31. Real compensation per employee, deflator private consumption; total economy



1961-1970 4.6 5.7 : 4.4 6.9 7.8 5.4 6.3 : : : 4.1 : 6.3 4.9 7.5 : : 4.8 : 5.8

1971-1980 5.1 2.9 : 4.0 3.9 4.7 3.5 2.9 : : : 3.8 : 3.1 3.6 4.1 : : 3.6 : 3.0

1981-1990 1.0 0.7 : 1.9 0.5 1.1 0.7 1.4 : : : 1.1 : 0.1 1.4 2.1 : : 3.3 : 0.5

1991 4.5 2.9 : 1.8 -3.7 3.4 1.1 1.5 : : : 2.0 : 1.2 3.3 5.8 : : 1.6 : 1.71992 3.4 5.8 : 4.7 -3.6 4.5 1.5 0.3 : : : 2.1 : 1.6 2.7 10.2 : : -1.4 : 2.91993 2.0 0.1 : 3.2 -3.8 2.0 1.2 -0.9 : : : 1.7 : 1.1 1.5 1.7 : : -2.8 : 0.21994 2.1 0.7 14.2 -0.5 0.0 -1.1 0.4 -1.7 : : : 1.3 : 0.4 1.8 -1.4 : : 2.6 : 0.01995 -0.5 2.1 14.3 0.3 3.7 -1.1 1.5 -1.9 : : : -0.6 : -0.5 1.2 4.9 : : 3.5 : 0.61996 1.2 0.4 6.0 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.8 2.2 2.5 9.5 12.6 1.4 0.3 0.3 -0.1 3.2 2.4 8.1 1.4 0.6 0.51997 1.6 -0.5 9.4 4.2 8.7 0.1 0.8 2.2 3.9 -1.2 12.6 0.6 1.3 0.0 -0.7 2.6 3.5 11.8 -0.4 0.4 0.31998 0.2 0.7 6.5 4.2 1.0 0.8 1.7 -2.8 2.2 3.7 9.2 -0.3 -0.1 1.6 2.4 3.3 1.5 3.9 3.0 0.5 0.41999 3.1 0.5 5.1 1.9 3.6 -0.2 2.5 1.0 3.0 5.5 3.8 2.3 2.7 2.6 1.8 2.6 2.0 -2.9 1.9 1.4 1.22000 -1.4 0.7 8.3 3.0 1.9 -0.9 0.0 -0.8 4.3 6.3 1.4 2.6 5.4 2.7 0.2 2.2 2.4 4.6 0.7 0.4 0.2

1991-2000 1.6 1.3 : 2.3 0.9 0.8 1.2 -0.1 : : : 1.3 : 1.1 1.4 3.5 : : 1.0 : 0.8

2001 1.3 -0.1 3.2 3.4 2.7 -0.7 0.3 0.3 2.1 1.7 4.6 1.4 2.3 0.1 -0.9 0.3 3.8 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.12002 3.1 -0.1 6.5 -0.1 8.3 0.9 2.3 0.4 3.6 -1.2 5.4 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.0 0.1 0.8 5.7 0.0 0.8 0.82003 0.5 0.3 9.5 2.5 5.0 -0.5 1.1 1.2 5.6 6.7 10.6 -0.9 5.1 1.6 0.2 -0.4 2.5 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.52004 -0.7 -0.7 8.3 3.3 1.0 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.5 7.4 12.2 1.6 -0.2 1.4 0.3 0.9 4.6 0.7 3.2 0.4 0.32005 -1.0 -0.7 6.6 3.7 5.4 0.0 1.2 0.9 3.4 15.1 11.2 0.5 -1.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 3.7 5.8 2.3 0.3 0.32006 0.8 -0.2 8.9 1.8 -0.1 0.7 0.6 -0.2 0.6 11.3 15.4 1.7 1.9 -1.2 0.9 -1.6 2.9 3.0 1.9 0.1 0.12007 0.8 -0.8 16.6 2.6 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.2 -1.8 20.8 7.8 1.9 2.4 1.1 0.4 0.1 2.0 6.0 1.2 0.2 0.12008 0.5 0.3 2.2 2.3 -0.7 3.4 -0.1 0.4 -1.4 3.8 2.9 -0.3 0.4 1.8 1.2 -0.2 1.5 2.1 0.8 0.7 0.72009 1.9 0.3 -1.5 5.6 2.1 4.9 3.1 2.8 5.3 -7.5 -13.1 2.2 1.0 4.4 1.3 4.4 1.0 2.5 0.2 2.5 2.52010 -0.4 0.9 -1.2 -0.4 -5.4 0.2 1.8 1.1 -1.8 -4.2 -1.5 0.7 -0.2 -0.8 -0.7 0.2 2.4 4.4 0.6 0.7 0.7

2001-2010 0.7 -0.1 5.8 2.5 1.9 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.6 5.1 5.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.5 2.5 3.1 1.2 0.6 0.6

2011 0.3 1.2 -3.1 -0.5 -5.9 -2.0 0.7 -1.7 -0.7 -3.6 1.6 -1.1 1.2 0.3 -1.1 -3.5 -0.2 -1.8 0.1 -0.1 0.02012 1.1 1.2 1.6 -0.3 -3.5 -2.4 0.9 -2.3 -0.8 4.2 1.0 -0.2 0.7 1.0 0.3 -4.8 -2.6 -0.9 -0.1 0.1 0.12013 1.4 0.5 2.5 -1.7 -5.8 0.3 1.0 0.1 -5.1 5.4 4.5 0.6 1.0 -0.2 0.1 2.7 -1.6 1.2 -1.0 0.5 0.52014 0.2 2.0 5.8 -0.6 0.5 0.2 1.2 -0.3 -3.0 6.7 4.6 3.0 1.0 0.8 -0.2 -2.0 1.7 2.1 -0.3 0.9 0.92015 -0.7 2.3 4.1 1.8 -0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 8.8 6.8 1.7 3.9 -0.4 0.5 -0.6 2.1 3.9 1.0 1.0 1.02016 -0.8 1.6 5.0 1.9 -0.2 -0.8 1.1 0.0 0.6 6.1 5.4 0.5 2.3 0.7 1.0 0.2 3.8 2.6 0.7 0.8 0.82017 -0.1 1.1 3.2 1.5 0.0 -0.9 1.1 -0.4 0.1 4.4 5.8 1.1 -1.5 -0.4 -0.4 0.7 1.2 3.9 -1.8 0.4 0.42018 0.0 1.4 6.3 0.4 1.0 -0.4 0.3 1.2 -1.1 5.5 4.9 1.1 1.3 -0.2 0.8 1.2 1.6 3.2 0.1 0.7 0.72019 0.4 1.9 5.1 1.7 0.5 0.8 -1.0 1.0 2.5 5.7 7.4 -0.3 1.0 0.5 1.2 1.7 2.6 3.3 0.6 0.9 0.82020 -2.2 -0.9 1.5 -1.2 -3.1 0.7 5.4 -0.2 -5.2 0.1 -9.2 0.1 2.3 1.3 -0.4 -0.3 1.1 -0.4 1.5 0.8 0.9

2011-2020 -0.1 1.2 3.2 0.3 -1.7 -0.4 1.1 -0.2 -1.2 4.3 3.2 0.7 1.3 0.3 0.2 -0.5 1.0 1.7 0.1 0.6 0.6

2021 -0.3 1.8 1.0 0.8 2.7 -0.4 -6.9 0.1 5.5 1.9 5.5 0.4 1.6 0.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.2 1.3 1.4 -0.7 -0.9


71

Wage costs

31. Real compensation per employee, deflator private consumption; total economy



1961-1970 : : 5.0 : : : : 4.3 : 5.0 : : : : : 2.6 : 2.7

1971-1980 : : 1.7 : : : : 1.6 : 2.8 : : : : : 2.0 : 0.7

1981-1990 : : 1.2 : : : : 0.6 : 0.8 : : : : : 2.0 2.0 1.2

1991 : : 1.4 : : : -19.6 -3.6 : 1.7 : : : : 15.3 2.2 2.1 1.21992 : : 2.7 : : 8.5 -5.8 3.1 : 2.7 : : : : -1.3 1.4 -0.4 2.71993 : : 1.1 : : 0.0 -8.0 -2.5 : 0.3 : : : : 5.5 0.9 -0.3 0.51994 : 10.6 -1.9 : : 2.5 -3.8 3.5 : -0.2 : : : : -26.3 -1.5 0.9 0.51995 : 5.1 1.6 : : 5.4 12.8 -0.7 : 0.6 : : : : -13.2 0.7 1.6 1.11996 -19.3 8.5 2.3 9.8 -1.3 7.0 3.2 6.0 0.6 0.6 : : : : 15.2 -0.1 1.0 1.51997 -16.1 1.6 1.2 10.0 3.5 5.4 -18.1 4.4 -0.2 0.9 : : : : 10.8 4.1 0.9 2.41998 30.7 0.1 2.5 7.4 2.1 3.1 31.8 -2.0 1.0 0.7 : : 2.2 : -4.8 2.4 -0.7 5.11999 4.2 4.0 2.1 3.1 -1.1 7.6 -2.9 2.4 2.2 2.0 : : 6.5 : -0.2 5.6 -0.2 2.82000 4.8 3.8 0.3 3.7 4.4 0.4 23.7 6.0 1.2 1.2 : : -3.4 : -6.0 4.8 1.1 3.4

1991-2000 : : 1.3 : : : 0.1 1.6 : 1.0 : : : : -1.3 2.0 0.6 2.1

2001 7.4 4.7 1.6 -1.7 5.9 6.2 15.3 2.2 0.9 1.1 : : -7.1 : -7.5 4.8 -0.5 1.52002 2.5 6.3 1.9 9.7 5.0 -0.5 -3.1 1.5 0.9 1.1 : : 3.9 : 1.4 1.9 -1.3 1.02003 3.4 7.6 2.3 5.3 5.8 1.1 9.8 1.7 0.8 1.2 : : 5.7 : 5.6 3.6 -0.1 1.82004 2.7 4.7 1.9 2.8 6.1 -2.1 4.1 3.7 0.3 1.0 : : -1.7 : 10.3 3.7 -0.2 2.12005 2.3 2.8 1.6 2.2 4.5 -0.1 18.7 2.4 0.4 0.7 : : -3.4 : 0.7 1.9 0.6 0.92006 4.0 4.1 1.3 -0.6 1.9 0.6 7.3 2.3 0.1 0.7 : : 6.8 : 0.8 3.1 -0.6 1.32007 3.5 3.2 2.0 2.3 -0.3 3.4 0.4 4.0 0.3 0.9 : : -4.2 : 3.7 3.3 -0.3 1.62008 9.9 -0.6 1.0 -1.0 1.8 4.0 23.3 1.0 0.8 0.0 : : 0.3 : -0.9 -3.1 -0.4 -0.32009 7.2 -1.4 1.5 -3.0 -7.3 0.7 -7.1 0.2 2.0 2.0 : : 2.6 : 1.0 0.2 -1.7 0.82010 7.3 3.0 0.8 0.7 -2.6 6.3 4.7 1.3 1.3 0.8 : : 4.5 : 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.0

2001-2010 5.0 3.4 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.9 7.0 2.0 0.8 0.9 : : 0.6 : 1.6 2.1 -0.3 1.2

2011 3.3 1.0 -1.0 1.4 0.3 0.4 -6.3 1.7 -0.1 -0.3 : : -7.9 : 1.9 -1.8 0.8 0.12012 4.1 -0.4 -0.5 -3.0 -3.1 0.2 -1.0 2.6 -0.1 0.1 : : -1.3 : 4.4 -0.7 0.7 0.22013 11.7 -1.1 0.8 -3.1 -1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.7 : : -6.5 : 4.0 1.4 -0.1 0.12014 5.6 2.0 0.9 -4.8 -0.4 2.3 5.7 1.4 0.8 0.7 : : 4.9 : 6.6 -0.4 -1.1 1.22015 4.0 2.9 1.3 1.0 2.1 2.9 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.0 : : 2.1 : 4.6 0.7 0.0 2.62016 5.3 3.4 1.2 1.5 2.2 5.2 14.1 1.7 1.1 0.9 : : 6.8 : 12.8 1.7 1.7 0.12017 7.1 4.0 0.3 -0.7 4.1 3.7 11.8 0.3 0.7 0.6 : : 2.0 : -1.8 1.7 0.3 1.42018 7.5 5.6 0.8 0.8 3.0 6.2 8.8 1.7 1.2 0.6 : : -0.2 : 1.8 0.3 0.9 1.12019 4.0 3.1 0.6 2.5 5.6 5.4 3.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 : : : : 2.8 2.5 0.6 1.72020 3.4 0.4 0.4 -1.6 1.9 1.3 0.5 -1.6 0.6 -0.7 : : : : -5.5 -7.6 -2.2 0.2

2011-2020 5.6 2.1 0.5 -0.6 1.4 2.9 3.8 1.2 0.7 0.5 : : : : 3.0 -0.3 0.2 0.9

2021 0.3 2.5 0.1 0.2 1.7 0.0 2.8 4.5 -0.2 0.6 : : : : -2.6 7.0 2.2 0.1


72

Wage costs

32. Adjusted wage share; total economy; as percentage of GDP at current factor cost 1)


1960-1970 62.5 67.8 : 73.9 71.3 69.6 73.5 71.5 : : : 51.0 : 67.9 72.8 71.8 : : 73.8 : 70.2

1971-1980 69.1 70.4 : 72.0 57.4 71.4 73.7 68.6 : : : 58.0 : 74.0 73.2 81.0 : : 71.6 : 71.4

1981-1990 69.3 67.4 : 67.6 59.6 67.4 71.2 65.0 : : : 58.6 : 69.2 69.2 64.7 : : 70.3 : 68.2

1991 65.5 66.1

1991 69.4 64.2 : 63.2 55.8 66.9 67.0 64.0 : : : 55.7 : 67.9 67.7 65.0 : : 74.0 : 65.71992 69.6 65.3 : 64.9 55.0 68.7 66.6 63.7 : 37.3 : 57.8 : 69.0 68.3 68.2 : : 71.9 : 66.11993 70.5 65.5 57.3 63.6 53.5 68.1 66.7 62.9 : 59.1 41.9 57.2 : 69.8 68.8 67.9 : : 67.4 : 66.11994 69.9 64.7 63.8 63.3 53.2 66.4 66.1 60.9 : 63.9 46.6 56.5 : 68.2 68.7 65.7 : : 64.8 : 65.01995 69.0 64.7 61.7 60.1 54.3 65.0 66.2 59.0 59.3 55.1 51.7 56.7 60.4 67.7 67.0 66.5 77.2 47.2 62.8 64.6 64.61996 69.5 64.4 60.7 58.8 53.6 64.5 66.3 59.5 59.7 59.6 55.1 56.2 58.8 67.2 66.5 67.7 75.2 48.9 63.6 64.4 64.41997 69.4 63.6 58.8 56.8 54.6 65.1 65.7 60.1 60.1 57.9 57.9 57.0 58.7 66.1 65.7 67.7 72.5 50.3 62.1 63.9 64.01998 68.9 63.3 57.7 56.8 55.1 65.3 64.9 59.4 58.1 56.8 59.8 58.4 56.4 65.5 65.2 68.0 71.4 51.1 60.8 63.5 63.61999 69.6 64.0 56.1 55.0 55.6 65.2 65.3 59.3 57.6 57.3 61.4 56.0 56.5 66.1 65.2 67.7 70.6 49.4 61.0 63.9 63.92000 68.4 65.0 55.9 53.1 55.7 64.9 64.6 58.4 57.6 55.0 55.1 56.6 55.1 65.8 64.0 68.2 71.6 49.8 59.7 63.7 63.8

1991-2000 69.4 64.5 : 59.6 54.6 66.0 65.9 60.7 : : : 56.8 : 67.3 66.7 67.3 : : 64.8 : 64.7

2001 69.4 64.1 54.7 52.0 54.9 63.5 64.4 58.1 56.9 53.5 53.2 59.7 57.6 65.1 63.5 68.3 71.5 48.3 59.0 63.1 63.22002 70.1 63.8 53.9 49.7 57.8 63.0 64.9 58.5 58.9 49.9 54.2 60.1 56.2 65.6 63.0 68.0 70.9 48.8 59.4 63.2 63.32003 69.4 64.0 54.6 50.6 57.2 62.2 65.0 59.0 62.3 49.8 54.6 59.4 56.3 65.8 62.9 67.7 70.0 48.1 59.8 63.2 63.32004 67.7 62.8 54.7 51.7 56.2 62.2 64.6 59.0 61.9 49.5 54.7 59.8 57.9 65.1 61.7 66.7 70.2 46.4 59.2 62.6 62.72005 66.6 62.3 53.3 52.6 60.0 61.9 64.9 59.5 64.3 51.3 54.3 59.5 56.4 63.8 60.8 67.3 70.1 47.4 60.0 62.4 62.52006 66.3 60.8 54.1 53.3 58.1 61.7 64.6 60.0 63.8 53.0 57.2 56.7 57.2 62.4 60.2 66.0 68.9 46.1 60.1 61.8 61.92007 65.8 60.1 56.4 55.0 57.7 61.3 63.8 59.7 63.2 55.7 55.5 56.2 56.6 62.1 59.6 64.5 67.7 45.7 58.3 61.2 61.32008 67.6 61.1 60.2 58.8 58.3 62.1 63.9 60.1 61.7 58.9 55.6 58.6 56.4 62.7 60.7 64.8 68.2 45.8 59.6 61.9 62.02009 69.1 64.0 63.0 58.2 60.2 61.7 66.0 61.3 64.6 57.9 56.2 62.1 58.4 65.5 62.8 64.7 70.8 49.3 63.7 63.8 63.92010 67.2 62.7 58.0 55.3 61.1 62.4 65.7 61.4 63.0 53.7 51.1 59.2 56.0 64.1 62.3 64.0 72.2 48.1 62.4 63.2 63.3

2001-2010 67.9 62.6 56.3 53.7 58.2 62.2 64.8 59.7 62.1 53.3 54.7 59.1 56.9 64.2 61.7 66.2 70.1 47.4 60.2 62.7 62.7

2011 67.8 62.4 55.6 53.1 60.0 61.2 66.1 60.8 62.7 49.5 48.8 57.9 58.0 64.6 61.8 63.1 71.4 48.2 62.9 63.0 63.12012 68.6 63.7 55.9 52.1 58.9 60.2 66.9 61.5 62.9 50.0 48.4 59.3 58.3 65.4 62.5 61.5 71.9 47.6 64.4 63.6 63.82013 68.8 63.8 56.7 52.3 56.3 59.9 67.5 61.0 60.5 52.1 49.1 58.6 57.8 65.3 63.1 61.0 71.3 48.0 64.1 63.7 63.92014 67.9 63.5 57.8 49.9 57.3 60.2 67.4 60.7 59.9 54.2 50.3 58.2 55.4 65.7 63.0 60.2 70.4 48.6 63.6 63.5 63.72015 66.3 63.7 60.3 38.4 57.3 60.1 66.6 60.7 58.5 57.7 53.1 57.5 53.4 64.2 62.7 59.4 70.3 49.3 62.9 63.0 63.22016 65.6 63.8 61.6 39.5 57.9 59.2 66.9 59.7 57.3 60.3 55.4 56.6 53.4 64.8 62.4 59.0 70.9 50.9 62.2 62.9 63.02017 65.5 64.0 61.3 38.0 57.9 58.7 67.3 59.5 58.1 60.5 55.5 58.2 52.7 64.2 62.1 59.6 70.4 52.7 59.7 62.9 63.02018 65.7 64.8 62.3 36.5 57.9 58.9 67.6 60.2 57.9 61.9 56.5 59.2 52.0 64.0 62.2 60.2 70.8 53.4 60.1 63.3 63.42019 65.8 65.7 63.3 36.5 58.7 59.1 66.8 60.5 58.7 64.0 58.2 58.8 52.3 64.2 62.6 59.9 72.0 54.5 59.9 63.5 63.52020 67.5 65.6 63.0 36.8 58.2 58.9 69.4 59.9 57.9 65.6 54.7 63.1 53.8 65.9 62.5 60.2 72.8 55.4 61.8 64.2 64.3

2011-2020 67.0 64.1 59.8 43.3 58.0 59.6 67.2 60.5 59.4 57.6 53.0 58.7 54.7 64.8 62.5 60.4 71.2 50.9 62.2 63.4 63.5

2021 64.1 65.1 63.0 35.6 59.6 58.9 66.7 60.7 59.1 63.5 54.5 61.6 54.5 65.0 62.6 59.6 71.7 54.1 61.4 63.3 63.4

1) Compensation per employee as percentage of GDP at factor cost per person employed. 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

73

Wage costs

32. Adjusted wage share; total economy; as percentage of GDP at current factor cost 1)


1960-1970 : : 67.6 : : : : 66.6 : 68.9 : : : : : 65.4 : 67.0

1971-1980 : : 70.3 : : : : 68.3 : 70.3 : : : : : 65.4 : 66.4

1981-1990 : : 67.9 : : : : 62.8 : 67.0 : : : : : 62.5 71.7 64.9

1991 65.6

1991 : : 66.0 : : : 74.5 64.4 : 65.3 : : : : 93.4 63.5 68.0 65.61992 : : 65.1 : : 70.1 71.7 63.2 : 65.6 : : : : 88.5 63.3 68.5 65.61993 : 47.2 65.4 : : 68.5 69.1 60.8 : 65.3 : : : : 81.8 61.9 68.6 65.01994 : 49.6 63.1 : : 66.2 64.6 59.7 : 64.1 : : : : 69.0 59.5 69.1 64.31995 41.8 48.8 63.1 72.1 59.4 65.5 65.6 57.5 64.2 63.7 : : : : 60.0 59.6 68.7 64.01996 43.3 50.2 63.4 73.4 58.6 67.5 63.5 60.2 64.2 63.4 : : : : 63.0 58.1 67.8 63.61997 46.3 50.6 63.3 74.4 57.6 68.0 55.6 60.1 63.7 63.2 : : 73.4 : 65.9 59.9 68.7 63.71998 53.4 48.9 65.2 77.6 57.2 67.0 74.1 59.3 63.5 62.9 : : 74.2 : 64.7 60.2 68.6 64.71999 58.3 48.9 65.2 80.7 56.9 66.6 69.6 59.8 63.8 63.5 : : 73.5 : 67.8 62.4 68.3 64.62000 56.4 49.1 62.9 81.3 58.5 64.7 79.9 60.6 63.6 63.6 : : 70.3 : 61.9 63.3 66.7 65.6

1991-2000 : : 64.3 : : : 68.8 60.5 : 64.1 : : : : 71.6 61.2 68.3 64.7

2001 57.4 48.9 64.0 76.4 58.0 66.8 84.6 62.3 63.2 63.4 : : 67.5 : 59.7 64.3 66.0 65.52002 55.0 51.0 64.7 78.4 56.7 64.4 68.5 62.1 63.1 63.3 : : 72.7 : 57.3 63.5 64.4 64.52003 56.0 51.9 65.1 78.2 58.8 62.0 69.6 61.4 63.1 63.3 : : 72.4 : 57.2 63.7 63.6 63.92004 55.2 51.9 63.9 75.9 59.1 57.9 61.1 60.5 62.4 63.0 : : 62.6 : 52.6 64.7 62.8 63.52005 54.7 51.5 64.0 75.0 59.0 56.9 66.9 60.5 62.2 62.8 : : 59.2 : 50.4 64.1 63.1 62.62006 53.0 51.1 63.9 73.1 57.5 55.5 64.0 59.3 61.5 62.4 : : 62.1 : 48.4 64.8 62.9 62.62007 51.3 50.8 65.7 72.0 58.1 55.6 56.0 60.2 61.0 62.2 : : 56.2 : 48.1 65.7 62.3 62.82008 53.8 51.5 66.0 71.3 58.1 57.5 59.0 61.4 61.7 62.6 : : 58.7 : 47.5 64.7 63.7 63.02009 55.1 51.5 68.3 73.4 57.0 54.9 55.0 62.7 63.4 64.3 : : 63.2 : 50.3 65.6 64.3 61.82010 57.1 52.4 65.5 73.2 56.2 55.9 60.3 60.1 62.8 63.8 : : 60.6 : 50.8 66.5 62.7 60.8

2001-2010 54.9 51.2 65.1 74.7 57.8 58.7 64.5 61.0 62.5 63.1 : : 63.5 : 52.2 64.7 63.6 63.1

2011 54.7 52.9 65.1 71.6 56.0 54.7 54.9 60.5 62.5 63.5 : : 58.8 : 49.2 66.1 64.1 60.72012 56.9 53.9 64.1 70.6 57.4 54.1 54.3 62.8 63.1 64.1 : : 57.5 : 50.5 65.5 63.4 60.62013 61.7 53.6 64.1 68.5 55.6 53.8 52.1 63.4 63.2 64.2 : : 53.7 : 50.0 65.9 62.5 60.22014 63.3 52.0 63.8 66.7 54.3 53.9 53.3 62.7 63.0 63.9 : : 54.9 : 50.9 65.3 62.7 60.32015 63.5 51.3 64.1 66.7 53.4 53.4 50.7 61.3 62.4 63.5 : : 53.6 : 51.7 65.0 61.5 60.82016 63.2 52.3 63.9 65.0 54.6 54.6 52.6 62.2 62.4 63.4 : : 55.0 : 56.7 65.3 62.3 60.82017 66.0 53.6 63.8 63.8 55.1 55.3 54.5 62.1 62.4 63.4 : : 56.3 : 53.2 65.5 62.0 60.82018 66.9 55.5 63.8 63.8 54.9 56.5 56.0 62.7 62.8 63.8 : : 52.9 : 52.8 65.8 63.8 60.62019 66.2 55.8 63.1 64.3 55.6 56.3 54.8 62.2 62.9 64.0 : : : : 52.8 66.8 64.1 60.62020 71.1 57.8 63.6 64.7 58.0 55.9 56.2 63.1 63.7 64.2 : : : : 49.7 64.2 63.0 61.5

2011-2020 63.4 53.9 63.9 66.6 55.5 54.9 53.9 62.3 62.8 63.8 : : : : 51.7 65.5 62.9 60.7

2021 67.4 57.0 63.6 63.6 55.8 55.6 56.1 63.6 62.9 63.9 : : : : 47.5 66.0 62.0 59.5

1) Compensation per employee as percentage of GDP at factor cost per person employed. 2) 1960-91 including D_W 3) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

74

Wage costs

33. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(National currency; 2015 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU NL MT AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 2) 3) 4)

1960 14.5 22.8 : 7.8 1.5 3.0 11.0 3.6 : : : 11.5 14.7 : 19.2 1.9 : : 7.9 : 10.0

1965 16.8 27.9 : 9.7 1.5 4.2 13.6 4.6 : : : 13.7 20.5 : 23.7 2.2 : : 10.5 : 12.5

1970 20.1 34.2 : 13.2 1.6 5.8 16.8 5.1 : : : 16.5 27.6 : 26.5 3.0 : : 13.0 : 15.3

1975 34.6 48.7 : 25.3 2.6 10.8 27.2 10.1 : : : 29.2 46.0 : 41.2 6.4 : : 25.3 : 25.0

1980 46.9 58.7 : 50.0 5.7 24.8 44.1 21.8 : : : 39.4 60.5 : 52.0 11.9 : : 37.4 : 38.7

1985 59.0 65.2 : 75.3 16.7 38.8 65.3 42.0 : : : 48.8 64.1 : 61.9 27.2 : : 56.0 : 54.5

1990 65.3 71.3 : 83.5 35.3 55.3 71.2 56.4 : : : 51.1 65.6 : 68.7 46.8 : : 73.1 : 64.7

1991 69.1 73.9 : 85.3 38.8 60.0 73.2 61.0 : : : 51.5 68.0 61.5 71.7 54.3 : : 78.0 : 68.11992 71.5 78.9 : 89.3 43.6 65.2 74.4 63.6 : 9.8 : 55.4 70.9 63.6 74.9 61.5 : : 76.8 : 71.51993 75.1 81.8 16.3 93.1 49.1 68.7 75.7 64.9 : 24.6 16.6 57.2 72.4 67.6 77.5 65.1 : : 73.4 : 73.71994 75.6 82.3 25.0 92.7 54.4 69.3 75.1 65.0 : 35.5 29.1 58.8 72.4 68.4 78.8 66.8 : : 71.7 : 74.01995 75.8 84.2 32.0 90.5 60.7 71.2 75.8 66.0 71.5 34.9 46.3 60.3 72.6 72.4 79.1 71.5 49.1 52.0 72.9 75.0 75.41996 76.4 84.4 38.3 91.0 64.2 72.6 76.5 69.7 74.3 42.6 59.1 62.7 73.0 72.2 78.7 74.5 53.0 56.2 73.2 76.2 76.61997 76.4 83.4 40.7 91.3 69.6 74.6 76.4 71.6 76.8 43.4 67.5 62.5 73.7 72.6 78.3 77.4 55.6 61.3 72.3 76.7 77.01998 77.3 83.5 43.4 96.9 74.0 76.3 76.3 70.1 75.7 44.3 72.0 62.2 74.9 72.2 78.4 80.4 58.5 64.4 73.2 76.9 77.21999 78.3 84.2 45.3 98.0 76.5 77.9 76.9 71.2 76.7 46.0 73.0 62.8 76.3 72.5 78.3 82.6 61.1 67.0 74.0 77.9 78.22000 78.5 85.0 46.4 101.0 77.7 80.1 77.7 71.4 78.0 46.1 67.1 64.5 78.7 71.8 78.2 86.2 65.9 73.6 74.1 78.8 79.1

2001 81.6 85.0 48.4 106.8 79.1 81.8 79.4 73.3 79.5 45.8 64.9 68.6 80.7 76.3 78.9 89.6 71.7 75.7 76.0 80.2 80.52002 83.8 85.8 49.9 107.6 86.3 84.4 81.6 76.3 82.1 45.3 66.1 70.7 84.5 76.9 79.2 92.5 76.2 78.9 76.9 82.3 82.62003 84.5 87.0 52.7 113.3 89.0 86.3 83.3 80.0 89.4 47.2 66.6 71.8 86.7 79.4 80.3 95.4 79.6 81.6 77.2 84.3 84.62004 83.8 86.5 55.2 115.4 90.6 89.2 83.9 82.0 90.4 50.1 69.2 73.7 86.7 81.7 80.3 96.1 82.4 83.4 77.2 85.1 85.32005 84.6 86.1 57.0 120.6 98.6 92.0 85.6 83.8 95.3 57.7 73.7 76.2 86.6 80.8 81.1 99.3 83.7 86.5 78.9 86.4 86.62006 86.4 84.4 62.6 125.4 98.0 95.3 87.1 85.8 96.6 66.8 82.6 78.4 86.9 84.1 82.2 99.9 84.7 87.9 79.8 87.3 87.42007 87.7 84.2 73.3 131.4 100.5 98.8 88.5 87.5 97.8 85.0 86.6 78.6 88.8 85.7 83.1 100.9 86.9 88.0 79.9 88.6 88.72008 92.1 86.5 85.1 142.0 105.9 104.9 91.0 91.2 100.8 102.6 94.9 85.8 92.0 88.5 86.2 103.6 92.2 91.8 84.5 92.1 92.12009 94.9 92.2 86.6 136.3 113.4 106.2 94.1 95.7 108.6 91.3 93.3 92.2 97.0 93.4 90.6 106.5 99.9 97.7 91.5 96.3 96.32010 94.2 91.1 82.3 125.1 114.6 105.2 95.0 95.9 108.0 83.4 86.9 91.2 96.0 93.6 90.6 105.3 100.3 95.9 89.9 95.7 95.8

2011 96.8 91.3 83.2 122.5 113.0 103.5 95.8 96.4 110.3 81.5 87.5 93.3 97.4 98.3 91.2 103.1 99.3 96.8 92.2 96.1 96.12012 99.5 94.4 86.7 122.8 110.8 100.9 97.9 98.3 112.1 85.4 89.4 97.6 100.0 101.6 94.0 99.8 100.1 97.4 96.8 97.9 98.02013 101.2 96.6 91.6 124.3 103.2 100.2 99.1 99.0 107.3 90.0 92.2 98.1 100.8 102.7 96.4 101.3 100.5 98.4 98.3 99.0 99.02014 101.0 98.1 95.5 118.0 101.3 100.1 99.7 99.1 103.2 94.5 95.1 99.9 100.9 100.8 98.5 100.1 99.4 99.1 99.2 99.6 99.62015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 100.3 101.3 103.3 102.2 99.7 99.2 100.7 100.2 97.1 105.1 106.1 99.3 101.1 101.4 101.6 100.8 101.8 102.5 98.7 100.7 100.62017 101.8 102.8 107.3 99.8 100.3 99.8 101.3 99.9 99.0 108.9 110.6 103.9 101.4 102.3 102.4 102.9 103.0 107.1 95.7 101.4 101.32018 103.7 105.6 114.3 97.2 101.4 101.0 102.3 101.9 99.6 115.1 116.5 107.9 103.2 103.2 104.7 105.1 106.1 110.9 97.7 103.3 103.12019 105.7 109.4 119.5 98.6 102.7 103.4 102.4 103.5 102.3 122.4 123.4 111.1 106.2 106.9 107.3 106.6 110.9 116.6 99.3 105.5 105.22020 111.1 115.2 123.6 102.0 105.6 104.7 107.6 105.3 101.9 128.5 118.7 120.6 113.7 115.2 112.7 110.6 117.8 122.3 105.5 110.0 109.8

2021 106.6 113.0 124.4 99.0 104.8 104.5 103.6 105.1 104.7 126.6 121.1 120.3 111.4 114.9 110.1 109.1 113.9 119.9 105.7 107.9 107.7

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) Weighted in common currency 4) Weighted in common currency; Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

75

Wage costs

33. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(National currency; 2015 = 100)


1960 : : 8.2 : : : : 8.2 : 9.1 : : : : : 5.7 : 17.6

1965 : : 11.3 : : : : 10.2 : 11.3 : : : : : 6.8 : 18.1

1970 : : 15.8 : : : : 12.7 : 13.9 : : : : : 8.6 : 23.1

1975 : : 27.3 : : : : 19.5 : 23.4 : : : : : 17.5 : 30.7

1980 : : 40.3 : : : : 32.9 : 37.1 : : : : : 31.7 120.2 43.9

1985 : : 54.2 : : : : 45.1 : 51.6 : : : : : 41.5 122.0 55.0

1990 : : 66.2 : : : 0.0 64.7 : 63.2 : : : : 0.1 57.1 123.1 65.2

1991 : : 67.4 : : : 0.1 68.7 : 66.7 : : : : 0.2 61.5 127.5 67.71992 : : 68.2 : : 24.5 0.3 70.1 : 69.7 : : : : 0.3 63.3 129.6 69.21993 : 41.8 68.5 : : 30.5 0.8 70.2 : 71.6 : : : : 0.5 63.8 130.8 70.31994 : 49.4 66.8 : : 40.3 1.9 71.1 : 71.5 : : : : 0.9 62.0 131.7 70.91995 1.5 53.4 67.5 56.1 29.5 50.9 2.6 71.1 70.4 72.8 : : : : 1.4 63.5 130.3 72.21996 2.5 60.3 68.9 60.3 35.6 61.8 3.6 74.1 72.3 74.1 : : : : 2.6 64.6 127.7 73.11997 27.4 66.5 69.8 65.1 42.6 71.0 7.3 75.1 74.5 74.9 : : 80.4 : 5.0 67.1 129.9 74.51998 41.4 71.1 72.0 72.7 48.0 78.2 14.0 72.1 75.3 75.1 : : 82.8 : 8.6 67.9 128.9 76.61999 46.0 72.8 73.3 78.5 51.3 82.1 19.5 73.3 76.5 76.4 : : 83.7 : 13.8 70.6 126.4 77.72000 47.1 74.4 73.4 82.0 57.4 85.3 32.1 76.5 77.8 77.7 : : 84.3 : 18.5 72.8 122.3 80.7

2001 51.1 78.2 76.5 80.3 64.2 90.6 46.9 80.4 79.7 79.3 : : 85.0 : 27.1 74.9 119.5 82.42002 51.2 83.4 79.0 85.2 68.2 88.3 46.5 81.2 81.7 81.1 : : 90.1 : 35.5 75.7 114.7 82.32003 52.2 86.0 80.8 89.1 73.7 85.6 57.8 81.8 83.7 83.1 : : 95.6 : 43.4 77.7 111.7 83.02004 53.4 88.3 80.7 90.5 77.9 84.4 59.0 81.1 84.4 84.3 : : 82.8 : 45.0 80.9 109.1 84.62005 56.0 87.8 82.7 92.4 80.4 85.0 71.3 81.6 85.8 85.6 : : 81.3 : 46.0 82.6 108.4 85.92006 57.6 88.2 84.2 93.5 82.0 84.4 75.8 81.8 86.6 86.9 : : 89.2 : 48.4 85.9 106.9 88.42007 62.8 90.5 88.6 96.4 86.3 87.1 76.9 85.3 88.2 88.7 : : 83.7 : 51.7 89.2 105.3 91.22008 70.8 93.8 93.6 101.0 90.4 93.9 94.7 89.6 92.1 91.8 : : 92.6 : 57.5 90.7 106.6 93.22009 77.9 96.2 98.0 108.2 91.9 94.7 93.1 93.7 96.0 95.8 : : 100.5 : 64.2 94.1 107.0 92.22010 81.8 96.3 97.0 108.0 91.7 97.0 103.9 91.1 95.7 95.6 : : 98.1 : 68.1 95.3 102.4 91.8

2011 83.4 96.9 97.0 107.9 93.8 97.8 96.7 93.3 96.0 96.0 : : 98.2 : 71.5 96.0 102.8 93.62012 87.3 99.9 97.9 106.5 99.0 99.8 99.4 97.5 98.0 97.8 : : 97.9 : 79.1 96.9 100.8 95.22013 94.3 100.4 98.5 103.0 98.6 100.0 99.1 99.3 99.0 99.0 : : 96.2 : 82.6 99.1 99.2 96.32014 98.1 100.8 99.2 100.5 99.6 100.6 103.2 100.3 99.7 99.7 : : 99.8 : 91.6 99.9 100.3 98.22015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : 100.0 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 102.4 103.1 99.8 97.3 104.0 102.5 108.5 102.0 100.9 101.1 : : 105.0 : 119.1 102.7 101.6 101.02017 111.3 106.8 100.9 96.5 108.6 104.7 119.1 104.2 102.0 102.1 : : 110.6 : 125.0 105.0 100.9 103.02018 118.3 113.7 101.6 97.9 112.4 107.8 129.6 107.6 104.1 104.1 : : 109.5 : 144.9 107.9 103.8 105.12019 121.8 118.5 101.9 99.7 119.2 110.9 135.4 110.1 106.5 106.5 : : : : 166.7 111.7 104.6 107.12020 132.3 125.5 107.6 104.2 129.4 114.7 144.1 112.7 111.1 110.1 : : : : 177.5 110.9 102.5 107.7

2021 128.2 125.5 105.5 100.9 128.9 115.5 145.9 115.4 109.4 109.3 : : : : 189.2 115.4 101.1 106.0

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) Weighted in common currency 3) Weighted in common currency; Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

76

Wage costs

34. Real unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(2015 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU NL MT AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 2) 3) 4)

1960 93.3 102.7 : 183.2 152.8 113.5 110.4 123.2 : : : 93.4 97.8 : 117.1 124.6 : : 120.8 : 120.0

1965 92.9 105.0 : 180.7 126.4 118.5 111.6 119.5 : : : 99.0 106.0 : 117.0 126.3 : : 124.7 : 120.8

1970 92.5 106.8 : 181.7 115.2 118.0 109.6 113.2 : : : 89.8 110.5 : 111.0 142.2 : : 112.9 : 119.3

1975 106.8 112.0 : 190.0 103.6 123.1 114.5 122.5 : : : 116.5 118.4 : 120.1 171.7 : : 122.3 : 125.2

1980 110.5 111.3 : 189.1 107.3 122.8 114.3 117.6 : : : 114.9 115.5 : 117.1 130.7 : : 114.5 : 121.6

1985 105.6 106.0 : 169.6 115.8 111.9 109.3 115.0 : : : 104.3 105.2 : 110.8 113.2 : : 114.1 : 114.1

1990 101.5 102.7 : 160.5 111.0 111.7 101.1 109.2 : : : 99.6 104.5 110.3 108.4 107.8 : : 113.0 : 107.6

1991 104.4 103.2 : 161.2 101.9 113.4 101.4 109.7 : : : 98.7 105.1 111.8 109.1 112.8 : : 118.8 : 108.01992 104.6 104.6 : 164.0 99.7 115.5 101.0 109.3 : 69.2 : 102.3 106.9 111.6 110.1 117.1 : : 115.9 : 108.71993 105.5 104.5 96.9 162.6 98.0 116.5 101.2 107.3 : 105.0 81.8 99.7 107.4 115.4 110.9 117.7 : : 108.8 : 108.21994 104.1 103.0 106.6 159.3 97.7 113.0 99.5 103.8 : 111.1 88.6 99.0 105.3 112.8 109.9 113.1 : : 104.3 : 105.91995 103.1 103.3 103.8 151.2 99.4 110.7 99.3 100.2 106.0 95.0 96.3 99.2 103.5 113.9 108.4 114.6 110.7 95.9 101.9 104.8 104.81996 103.4 103.0 101.4 148.6 97.6 109.1 98.9 101.2 107.3 102.9 103.3 98.6 102.9 112.4 106.8 116.6 107.1 99.1 102.4 104.4 104.31997 102.6 101.4 98.1 143.6 99.3 109.5 98.0 101.3 108.5 99.2 105.9 99.3 101.3 111.4 104.9 116.7 103.8 103.1 99.1 103.2 103.11998 102.0 100.9 97.9 143.0 100.5 109.3 96.8 96.9 104.8 96.6 109.3 100.9 100.8 108.3 104.6 116.7 101.5 103.3 97.3 101.9 101.81999 102.7 101.4 95.7 138.6 100.3 108.7 97.4 96.9 103.8 98.8 112.3 96.3 101.4 106.9 104.2 116.0 99.6 100.3 97.5 102.0 102.02000 101.0 102.8 94.6 133.6 100.2 108.2 97.0 95.5 102.8 95.5 101.9 96.7 101.1 103.7 102.7 117.0 101.8 100.6 96.0 101.8 101.7

2001 102.9 101.5 92.4 132.1 98.6 106.2 97.1 95.1 101.1 92.9 98.8 102.5 99.5 107.5 101.7 117.3 101.9 98.5 95.3 101.0 100.92002 103.9 101.1 90.9 126.5 104.1 105.2 97.8 95.9 104.0 87.4 100.3 103.8 100.4 105.5 100.9 116.1 100.7 98.7 95.6 101.0 100.92003 102.9 101.1 92.4 128.2 103.8 103.6 98.0 97.4 107.5 86.7 101.9 102.7 100.8 105.9 101.0 115.8 99.5 96.9 95.7 101.0 101.02004 100.2 99.5 92.4 129.9 102.5 103.0 97.1 97.3 105.8 86.3 103.2 102.4 99.6 107.3 99.2 113.9 99.6 93.7 95.2 99.8 99.82005 99.0 98.6 90.1 131.7 109.1 102.0 97.2 97.5 109.3 89.3 102.8 101.6 97.6 103.7 97.7 114.0 99.8 94.7 96.3 99.4 99.32006 98.9 96.3 90.7 132.3 104.7 101.7 96.9 97.8 107.5 92.0 107.9 97.6 95.4 105.1 97.2 111.2 98.8 93.6 96.5 98.3 98.22007 98.5 94.4 94.5 137.0 103.9 102.0 95.9 97.3 104.5 97.4 104.1 96.5 95.5 104.2 96.1 109.0 97.2 92.7 94.1 97.3 97.32008 101.5 96.1 102.7 148.5 104.9 105.8 96.3 99.0 102.9 105.3 104.1 101.4 96.7 104.5 97.8 110.0 98.8 94.0 96.6 99.1 99.12009 104.0 100.6 104.8 149.3 109.6 106.9 99.6 102.2 110.6 103.7 105.8 107.4 101.9 107.4 100.9 111.8 103.5 101.1 102.7 102.6 102.52010 101.4 98.7 97.8 141.6 110.0 105.8 99.5 101.9 107.9 95.1 96.4 102.6 99.8 103.7 100.0 109.9 105.0 98.8 100.7 101.3 101.3

2011 102.3 98.0 93.7 136.6 107.6 104.1 99.4 100.8 108.5 87.3 92.1 100.2 101.1 106.5 98.9 107.8 102.9 98.1 100.5 100.7 100.72012 103.2 99.8 93.9 133.9 105.8 101.6 100.3 101.3 108.4 88.3 91.5 102.2 102.4 107.9 99.9 104.9 103.2 97.5 102.6 101.4 101.52013 103.6 100.1 95.3 133.8 100.9 100.5 100.8 100.8 104.7 91.6 93.2 101.0 101.9 107.2 100.8 104.1 101.9 98.0 101.6 101.3 101.42014 102.3 99.8 96.5 127.2 100.9 100.6 100.9 100.1 102.2 94.5 95.2 100.1 101.7 102.9 100.8 102.1 100.4 98.9 100.8 101.0 101.12015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 98.6 100.1 101.6 102.5 100.0 98.9 100.1 99.0 97.9 104.2 104.4 98.5 100.6 99.9 99.9 99.1 101.1 103.0 98.5 99.8 99.82017 98.4 100.6 101.8 99.0 99.9 98.1 100.3 98.1 98.1 104.9 104.4 101.3 99.7 98.4 99.6 99.6 100.7 106.4 94.8 99.6 99.52018 98.7 101.8 103.7 95.7 100.5 98.2 100.5 99.2 97.3 106.6 106.4 102.7 99.2 97.1 100.1 100.2 101.4 107.9 95.2 100.1 100.02019 98.9 103.1 105.1 95.5 102.1 99.0 99.2 99.8 99.5 110.5 109.7 102.3 99.2 98.4 100.8 99.9 103.5 110.5 95.0 100.4 100.22020 102.5 106.4 106.9 97.6 105.2 100.0 102.9 100.7 98.6 114.3 103.5 110.6 105.0 104.1 104.7 102.4 107.6 113.5 99.2 103.4 103.3

2021 96.9 102.7 105.5 93.6 103.8 98.8 98.1 99.5 100.4 110.1 102.9 107.4 101.4 102.5 101.3 99.7 103.2 109.8 97.7 100.2 100.0

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to nominal GDP per person employed. 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) Weighted in common currency 4) Weighted in common currency; Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

77

Wage costs

34. Real unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(2015 = 100)


1960 : : 104.0 : : : : 106.0 : 118.5 : : : : : 113.5 : 110.8

1965 : : 109.0 : : : : 108.1 : 117.9 : : : : : 112.6 : 106.7

1970 : : 110.5 : : : : 108.3 : 115.6 : : : : : 107.1 : 111.5

1975 : : 113.6 : : : : 107.7 : 122.1 : : : : : 117.6 : 107.8

1980 : : 111.3 : : : : 112.6 : 117.8 : : : : : 105.2 127.4 108.9

1985 : : 103.4 : : : : 102.9 : 110.1 : : : : : 97.0 118.9 105.5

1990 : : 105.2 : : : 184.9 105.3 : 105.6 : : : : 159.3 98.2 112.4 107.3

1991 : : 104.3 : : : 162.8 103.1 : 106.1 : : : : 191.6 99.2 113.6 107.61992 : : 103.8 : : 133.3 166.1 103.8 : 106.6 : : : : 182.0 99.0 113.6 107.71993 : 90.8 103.7 : : 126.8 148.0 101.2 : 105.8 : : : : 167.0 97.1 114.2 106.91994 : 96.3 99.5 : : 122.1 137.9 99.9 : 103.2 : : : : 142.4 93.2 114.9 105.41995 69.2 95.3 99.3 108.8 111.9 120.7 139.2 96.2 108.5 102.2 : : : : 121.9 93.1 114.2 105.21996 71.3 97.9 99.4 112.7 111.1 124.2 135.8 99.3 107.9 101.6 : : : : 127.5 91.0 112.5 104.61997 76.0 99.6 98.6 113.9 110.4 125.5 117.2 99.1 106.2 101.0 : : 134.6 : 131.9 93.5 113.8 104.81998 86.0 96.9 100.5 117.7 109.3 124.5 150.5 94.4 104.9 99.9 : : 136.7 : 130.3 93.7 113.1 106.51999 92.8 96.4 100.7 122.6 108.1 123.1 140.5 95.1 105.0 100.6 : : 134.6 : 135.4 96.6 112.3 106.52000 88.6 96.8 97.9 122.1 110.4 120.5 161.7 97.9 104.8 100.7 : : 125.2 : 121.2 97.8 110.2 108.2

2001 90.5 96.9 99.5 114.5 111.1 124.2 171.1 100.3 104.3 100.5 : : 120.7 : 116.4 99.7 108.9 108.22002 87.5 100.7 100.4 117.4 109.1 118.8 138.1 99.8 103.3 100.3 : : 126.7 : 110.9 98.6 106.1 106.32003 87.2 102.7 101.2 117.6 112.0 114.3 139.5 98.9 103.3 100.4 : : 132.2 : 109.9 99.0 105.0 105.32004 84.4 101.5 99.0 115.3 112.6 107.4 123.3 97.7 101.5 99.7 : : 114.7 : 101.1 100.4 103.6 104.52005 83.1 100.8 98.6 114.2 113.2 105.4 133.0 97.6 100.9 99.3 : : 107.4 : 96.6 100.1 104.0 102.92006 80.0 100.6 98.3 111.2 111.3 102.9 127.9 96.2 99.6 98.7 : : 114.1 : 92.9 101.3 103.6 102.82007 78.6 99.7 101.0 110.2 111.2 102.4 112.0 97.6 98.6 98.3 : : 102.3 : 93.5 102.6 102.7 103.32008 81.9 101.2 102.5 109.3 111.2 106.3 118.9 99.2 100.3 99.5 : : 107.4 : 92.8 101.4 105.0 103.52009 86.6 101.2 106.7 113.8 108.4 103.3 112.3 101.4 103.3 102.7 : : 116.2 : 98.3 103.4 106.1 101.62010 89.9 102.8 102.3 112.5 105.7 104.0 121.1 97.6 102.2 101.5 : : 111.1 : 97.5 103.2 103.5 100.0

2011 86.6 103.4 101.7 110.5 105.8 101.6 108.6 98.9 101.3 100.9 : : 107.3 : 94.6 101.9 105.6 99.92012 89.3 105.0 100.2 107.5 108.2 101.3 107.3 102.3 101.9 101.4 : : 105.8 : 97.3 101.1 104.5 99.72013 97.1 104.1 100.0 103.2 104.7 101.3 103.4 103.2 101.7 101.4 : : 99.6 : 95.7 101.5 103.1 99.12014 100.5 102.0 99.7 100.6 102.1 101.4 105.9 102.5 101.3 101.0 : : 101.8 : 98.8 100.5 102.5 99.22015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : 100.0 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 99.9 101.8 99.5 97.4 103.0 102.2 105.9 100.5 99.9 99.9 : : 101.5 : 110.2 100.6 101.3 100.02017 104.4 103.9 99.5 95.5 103.7 102.5 111.0 100.4 99.7 99.8 : : 104.0 : 104.2 100.9 100.8 100.12018 106.7 107.9 99.4 95.1 102.7 104.3 113.7 101.4 100.2 100.3 : : 99.4 : 103.7 101.5 103.8 99.72019 105.0 108.6 98.7 95.5 104.2 104.2 111.1 101.0 100.3 100.7 : : : : 104.7 103.2 104.0 99.82020 113.5 113.4 103.7 99.0 108.6 105.2 115.5 102.4 103.3 102.9 : : : : 99.1 100.7 102.0 101.0

2021 107.3 111.6 99.9 95.1 104.9 103.4 114.1 103.4 100.2 100.7 : : : : 94.8 103.2 100.5 98.0

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to nominal GDP per person employed. 2) Weighted in common currency 3) Weighted in common currency; Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

78

Wage costs

35. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)Performance relative to the rest of 37 industrial countries; double export weights

(USD; 2015 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 2) 3)

1995 108.7 127.7 49.6 124.6 97.5 101.7 106.5 82.5 102.2 54.0 44.9 86.9 93.0 103.4 113.9 99.9 105.8 58.5 107.5 116.31996 105.8 122.6 56.0 126.5 100.6 102.7 106.0 94.1 107.1 62.4 57.3 87.3 89.8 100.3 109.2 103.2 99.9 60.4 103.0 116.51997 99.7 112.7 55.8 126.9 103.8 98.8 100.0 94.9 105.0 64.5 71.2 82.3 90.2 95.9 104.0 103.2 98.0 65.8 96.5 104.41998 100.2 111.9 59.3 127.0 101.6 100.0 99.5 91.6 100.3 64.9 76.0 81.4 90.0 96.7 103.3 104.9 99.3 65.6 96.0 103.01999 98.7 109.2 60.1 122.5 103.2 98.9 96.8 89.8 97.4 68.7 78.4 80.4 87.7 96.0 101.1 104.9 97.2 60.0 93.7 98.42000 93.8 102.7 58.4 116.6 96.0 96.4 91.8 84.3 93.6 72.6 78.9 79.3 83.9 94.4 96.4 104.3 95.2 65.7 87.6 88.2

2001 96.3 100.7 60.3 121.8 95.7 97.0 92.5 85.4 94.4 71.1 77.3 83.0 88.2 95.6 95.5 106.7 96.5 64.6 89.1 88.82002 98.0 101.2 61.5 123.5 104.3 99.1 95.0 89.0 96.8 67.0 81.3 84.4 88.9 99.3 94.7 108.8 97.3 66.6 90.2 92.82003 101.1 106.3 65.9 136.9 109.2 103.3 99.7 96.5 106.9 64.4 83.9 86.3 93.1 103.7 97.3 113.7 98.3 71.1 93.5 103.72004 100.4 106.1 69.1 140.8 111.0 106.6 100.6 99.6 106.9 65.5 87.4 88.2 96.5 103.5 97.3 113.8 99.3 75.6 94.1 105.92005 99.8 103.1 69.8 145.1 117.4 107.7 100.8 99.5 110.8 70.4 90.6 89.8 93.7 101.8 96.4 115.5 98.5 79.4 94.4 104.22006 101.0 99.6 75.0 148.9 115.3 110.4 101.6 101.0 111.0 79.7 99.2 91.3 97.2 101.1 97.2 114.3 98.7 83.0 94.5 103.72007 101.7 98.5 85.7 156.3 116.3 113.6 102.5 102.3 109.3 98.2 100.3 90.4 100.3 102.4 97.4 113.9 99.5 90.0 93.5 105.22008 105.1 98.8 95.3 170.3 119.1 118.8 103.7 104.5 111.2 113.4 104.7 96.4 102.8 104.3 97.9 114.2 101.6 97.7 96.7 109.52009 105.3 103.6 96.3 160.1 124.6 117.3 104.4 107.0 117.0 99.4 102.8 101.1 104.4 107.5 100.1 114.6 107.5 106.6 102.9 115.42010 102.2 98.7 90.0 142.1 122.2 113.5 102.6 103.7 113.1 89.3 94.3 98.2 101.1 104.1 97.8 111.6 106.1 102.3 97.7 106.0

2011 104.4 98.0 89.4 138.6 120.6 111.1 102.9 103.8 115.3 86.8 94.4 99.7 105.6 105.0 97.7 109.1 104.7 102.7 98.8 105.72012 103.1 97.2 88.9 131.6 113.2 104.3 100.8 101.6 113.7 88.6 92.7 100.4 105.2 103.7 97.2 102.9 102.4 100.3 98.9 101.42013 105.9 101.5 93.6 135.4 107.0 104.5 104.0 104.0 112.1 92.9 95.6 101.3 107.8 105.1 100.3 105.1 103.1 101.3 102.0 107.62014 105.1 103.0 97.6 127.3 105.1 104.1 104.4 103.9 107.4 97.0 98.0 102.7 105.6 104.6 102.2 103.4 101.7 101.5 103.2 108.42015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 100.1 101.0 102.7 102.5 98.9 99.0 100.3 99.6 96.6 104.2 105.5 99.0 100.3 101.1 100.9 101.0 101.0 102.0 98.0 100.92017 101.9 103.0 106.6 100.6 99.9 99.9 101.3 99.6 99.1 107.5 109.5 103.3 101.8 101.4 101.2 103.1 101.6 105.8 95.1 103.12018 103.1 105.8 112.8 98.3 101.0 100.6 102.0 101.6 99.6 112.2 114.1 106.2 102.8 102.4 102.5 104.6 103.2 107.8 97.0 106.62019 101.7 105.6 114.7 95.2 99.0 99.7 98.2 99.4 99.0 115.7 117.1 106.2 101.8 102.1 101.3 102.8 104.6 109.9 95.2 104.12020 103.4 108.2 115.7 95.4 99.3 97.8 100.2 97.9 96.0 119.1 109.6 111.0 106.3 105.9 102.7 103.6 107.7 111.7 98.6 107.0

2021 100.2 107.0 116.8 93.3 99.0 98.7 97.1 98.8 99.0 117.8 112.8 112.5 107.2 104.8 101.5 103.2 105.4 110.6 99.5 104.7

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) 1960-1992 including LU 3) Euro area relative to 18 industrial countries (BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK TR CH NO US CA MX JP AU NZ)

79

Wage costs

35. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)Performance relative to the rest of 37 industrial countries; double export weights

(USD; 2015 = 100)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-28 AL ME MK RS TR UK JP US 2)

1995 47.6 57.0 94.9 88.6 75.9 93.3 60.9 101.1 100.1 : : : : 101.2 75.4 221.4 85.01996 30.0 63.5 94.6 91.2 76.5 103.3 56.7 114.0 103.2 : : : : 107.6 76.9 186.3 88.91997 36.9 66.1 91.3 96.3 82.4 107.5 53.6 109.0 97.5 : : : : 117.3 91.4 175.9 94.71998 53.4 69.7 94.3 104.0 81.0 112.4 83.4 101.2 98.7 : : : : 118.6 94.9 161.6 100.91999 58.0 68.9 93.1 102.8 80.5 105.8 69.0 99.5 93.3 : : : : 120.8 97.2 182.5 99.42000 57.0 69.9 87.3 102.8 83.8 111.2 89.2 101.6 83.5 : : : : 117.3 101.2 191.5 105.5

2001 62.2 75.4 90.3 101.1 93.4 127.3 99.1 95.8 85.2 : : : : 90.8 100.5 166.0 110.72002 61.5 88.2 93.2 106.6 104.1 116.2 80.4 97.5 90.8 : : : : 89.3 100.7 149.4 107.82003 62.9 88.8 98.0 108.9 108.7 98.9 83.5 102.5 102.7 : : : : 93.9 97.2 142.5 97.22004 64.3 90.9 98.3 111.2 115.8 94.4 78.5 102.6 109.2 : : : : 93.0 104.7 139.1 91.62005 64.8 94.9 98.9 112.7 118.5 105.2 103.8 99.1 108.4 : : : : 98.5 104.1 132.8 89.72006 66.1 99.6 99.7 114.1 112.5 106.7 112.5 98.2 110.2 : : : : 95.2 107.7 120.7 89.92007 70.7 102.7 103.7 115.9 122.7 111.5 118.3 101.4 116.2 : : : : 101.6 111.3 108.7 86.12008 77.0 114.6 107.6 119.4 123.9 125.9 127.8 100.3 118.2 : : : : 103.9 94.9 118.7 81.32009 83.2 108.5 111.1 122.0 110.7 100.3 106.1 92.6 114.5 : : : : 99.7 84.8 135.2 82.52010 84.6 111.8 106.0 120.2 110.0 109.3 116.7 96.9 105.1 : : : : 111.5 86.9 136.9 79.7

2011 87.1 115.1 104.2 117.2 110.9 106.3 108.0 103.6 104.6 : : : : 99.6 85.8 143.3 75.92012 88.4 112.1 100.1 110.4 109.3 102.9 101.7 107.2 99.4 : : : : 106.6 88.8 142.4 79.02013 96.8 109.1 101.9 106.5 106.3 102.9 102.7 111.3 107.6 : : : : 103.6 88.2 112.7 81.02014 100.7 102.6 102.8 102.8 102.6 103.4 106.2 106.9 110.5 : : : : 99.4 94.1 105.0 84.72015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : : : 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 101.0 103.5 99.6 97.3 102.6 97.7 106.6 101.0 97.5 : : : : 107.4 90.0 113.8 103.22017 110.2 109.6 101.0 97.2 107.2 101.9 115.0 101.5 100.7 : : : : 91.3 86.1 107.3 103.82018 117.0 118.3 101.4 98.1 106.0 103.6 121.9 97.9 106.5 : : : : 76.6 87.9 108.3 101.52019 117.0 119.4 98.1 96.9 106.7 102.3 121.3 93.9 102.7 : : : : 75.4 88.3 111.2 102.62020 123.9 117.4 101.2 96.0 104.0 98.0 123.1 91.5 104.3 : : : : 68.0 85.2 108.3 101.7

2021 120.8 117.2 100.0 93.6 103.7 98.5 125.7 94.0 103.5 : : : : 71.5 89.6 108.5 101.0

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) EU-28 relative to 9 industrial countries (TR CH NO US CA MX JP AU NZ)

80

Foreign trade and current balance

36. Exports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 33.0 19.2 : 28.2 9.9 8.1 14.8 13.0 46.7 : : 85.8 76.4 46.1 21.4 15.4 : : 21.2 : 18.8

1965 36.7 18.2 : 30.8 7.7 7.9 13.6 14.4 49.2 : : 79.8 70.2 41.4 22.1 17.9 : : 19.1 : 18.0

1970 44.3 21.4 : 32.7 7.9 12.0 16.0 15.3 54.2 : : 87.9 64.7 43.1 27.4 18.5 : : 24.2 : 20.8

1975 46.0 24.2 : 37.8 14.1 12.3 18.8 18.9 50.8 : : 91.5 107.9 47.5 28.1 15.1 : : 22.2 : 23.6

1980 50.1 26.3 : 43.8 19.3 14.3 21.0 20.4 64.7 : : 87.6 118.6 50.4 31.7 21.1 : : 30.8 : 26.1

1985 62.5 32.4 : 53.3 16.1 20.9 23.3 21.3 69.7 : : 107.5 94.5 59.9 34.9 29.2 : : 28.0 : 29.9

1990 61.6 32.3 : 54.6 14.8 15.7 21.0 18.5 73.7 35.0 38.7 97.8 111.1 54.4 35.7 28.7 79.8 24.6 22.1 : 27.4

1991 33.5 27.5

1991 60.2 23.7 : 55.5 14.2 15.8 21.3 17.2 67.4 25.9 22.1 97.7 113.4 55.1 34.6 25.4 73.5 42.9 21.3 : 24.61992 58.8 22.2 : 58.3 14.9 16.2 21.3 17.6 71.2 58.6 17.4 96.7 119.8 53.4 33.2 23.4 55.5 65.1 25.5 : 24.31993 56.1 20.3 64.2 63.3 14.0 17.7 20.8 20.5 67.7 53.7 61.4 97.0 124.3 52.6 31.5 23.0 51.7 52.5 31.4 24.7 24.41994 58.4 21.1 69.2 67.9 14.4 20.3 21.7 21.9 68.0 34.1 41.2 100.2 126.0 54.7 32.2 24.6 52.7 55.3 34.0 26.1 25.81995 60.1 22.0 66.0 73.4 14.4 21.8 22.6 24.7 66.8 34.7 37.1 102.5 122.3 57.2 33.5 26.8 45.4 53.9 35.8 27.7 27.41996 61.2 22.9 61.4 74.8 14.3 23.0 23.1 23.7 70.2 40.6 41.9 106.5 114.1 57.4 34.2 26.5 46.1 49.3 36.3 28.1 27.81997 64.8 25.4 70.5 77.2 16.2 25.7 25.5 24.1 69.2 39.8 45.0 115.8 110.6 60.4 37.0 27.2 47.6 53.6 37.8 30.4 30.11998 64.2 26.4 73.7 84.4 16.3 26.1 26.1 24.1 68.7 39.3 39.1 126.2 110.3 59.3 38.4 27.3 47.5 45.5 37.4 31.0 30.71999 64.6 27.0 69.8 86.6 19.3 26.4 26.1 23.2 66.9 35.1 32.4 130.8 112.4 59.9 39.4 26.5 44.1 46.3 37.6 31.3 31.12000 72.5 30.8 61.5 94.5 23.7 28.6 28.6 25.6 70.0 36.9 38.5 148.5 119.3 66.0 43.3 28.2 50.1 53.2 42.0 35.1 34.8

2001 71.6 31.8 61.2 95.3 22.8 27.9 28.3 25.6 68.2 38.1 44.0 147.4 108.5 63.3 44.6 27.4 51.7 57.1 39.8 35.1 34.82002 70.8 32.6 57.9 90.5 20.1 26.6 27.5 24.4 62.4 36.6 47.3 142.0 111.6 60.1 45.3 27.1 52.3 57.0 39.1 34.5 34.22003 69.0 32.8 57.1 80.9 18.5 25.6 26.1 23.3 57.8 36.2 46.2 138.9 107.7 59.3 44.6 27.4 51.0 62.3 37.3 33.6 33.32004 70.9 35.7 61.1 80.5 20.7 25.4 26.5 24.0 56.9 39.1 47.3 153.0 103.5 62.7 46.9 27.7 55.1 69.0 38.6 35.1 34.82005 74.3 38.1 65.5 79.6 21.3 25.0 27.0 24.6 55.7 43.2 53.8 161.7 104.4 65.6 48.6 27.1 59.8 72.3 40.3 36.5 36.12006 76.8 41.4 63.3 79.0 21.2 25.2 27.9 26.2 53.4 40.0 55.6 176.2 123.5 68.2 50.8 30.4 64.9 81.2 43.1 38.5 38.02007 78.3 43.3 62.6 80.8 22.5 26.0 27.9 27.4 53.3 38.5 50.4 182.9 129.5 68.8 52.6 31.2 67.9 83.4 43.8 39.7 39.22008 80.9 43.8 66.3 84.1 23.4 25.6 28.1 26.9 50.1 39.5 57.1 187.1 148.5 69.8 53.2 31.3 66.3 80.1 44.9 40.1 39.52009 68.8 38.1 60.5 93.2 19.0 23.1 24.8 22.4 48.7 42.5 51.9 164.1 147.7 62.2 45.2 27.3 57.3 68.0 36.1 35.2 34.62010 75.9 42.6 74.4 103.0 22.1 26.0 26.8 25.1 50.4 53.6 64.1 174.5 153.3 69.8 51.3 30.1 64.3 77.3 38.4 39.2 38.5

2011 80.7 45.1 85.8 103.8 25.5 29.5 28.4 26.9 53.5 57.8 73.1 178.0 160.4 75.5 53.9 34.5 70.2 85.0 38.9 42.0 41.32012 80.4 46.3 85.6 104.5 28.7 31.5 29.2 28.4 55.3 61.2 78.4 186.4 165.3 79.5 54.0 37.8 72.9 91.0 38.8 43.7 42.92013 79.3 45.4 84.0 103.7 30.4 33.0 29.4 28.6 61.4 60.3 78.8 190.6 157.0 79.9 53.4 39.6 74.2 93.6 38.0 43.9 43.02014 79.8 45.6 81.3 110.0 32.4 33.5 29.7 29.1 66.1 61.2 72.3 212.6 148.9 80.6 53.4 40.2 76.2 91.5 36.5 44.6 43.82015 77.8 46.8 76.9 122.0 31.6 33.6 30.6 29.7 70.3 60.7 68.8 221.2 154.2 82.7 53.1 40.6 77.1 92.0 35.4 46.1 45.32016 79.4 46.0 77.5 120.8 30.1 33.9 30.2 29.3 70.8 60.4 67.6 213.0 152.0 79.5 52.5 40.2 78.0 93.7 34.8 45.6 44.72017 82.3 47.4 76.1 121.0 33.0 35.2 30.8 30.7 73.0 62.1 73.6 217.6 149.7 83.4 54.0 42.7 83.0 95.1 37.7 47.3 46.42018 82.6 47.4 74.3 122.3 36.1 35.1 31.3 31.5 73.1 61.5 75.6 211.6 144.9 84.3 55.8 43.7 84.8 96.1 38.6 48.0 47.12019 81.6 46.9 72.6 126.8 37.2 34.9 31.4 31.6 71.1 59.9 78.1 208.8 140.6 82.5 55.7 43.9 84.4 93.1 40.0 48.0 47.22020 75.0 43.3 66.2 115.5 30.8 30.4 28.5 29.9 57.5 56.4 72.4 190.9 134.2 77.4 50.0 40.0 77.6 84.4 37.3 44.2 43.4

2021 75.8 44.6 67.4 116.0 35.2 31.8 29.3 31.2 63.1 56.5 74.7 198.0 142.0 78.4 52.3 42.7 82.6 88.8 38.1 45.5 44.6


81


36. Exports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 : : 31.7 : : : : 21.3 : 19.4 : : : : 3.9 20.1 10.5 5.0

1965 : : 28.8 : : : : 20.2 : 18.4 : : : : 3.9 18.3 10.3 5.0

1970 : : 27.2 : : : : 22.4 : 21.0 : : : : 3.7 21.0 10.6 5.6

1975 : : 29.4 : : : : 26.1 : 23.9 : : : : 4.3 24.1 12.5 8.2

1980 : : 32.5 : 34.3 27.3 20.9 27.7 : 26.0 : : : : 4.6 24.8 13.4 9.8

1985 : : 36.4 : 37.1 17.6 26.8 33.1 : 29.4 : : : : 13.9 25.6 14.1 7.0

1990 : 40.5 36.4 : 27.4 25.9 15.5 28.3 : 26.6 : : : : 11.2 21.2 10.3 9.3

1991 26.5

1991 27.1 43.0 37.7 : 28.8 21.3 16.3 26.4 : 24.3 : : : : 11.7 20.5 9.9 9.71992 29.3 43.8 37.0 : 27.6 21.4 25.8 26.1 : 24.0 : : : : 12.2 20.9 9.8 9.71993 23.8 42.5 36.6 : 23.2 20.8 21.4 30.5 : 24.5 : : : : 11.6 22.6 9.1 9.51994 28.1 38.1 36.9 : 25.4 21.4 23.1 33.6 : 25.9 : : : : 18.0 23.8 9.0 9.91995 32.3 40.4 36.6 26.5 39.2 23.0 25.6 37.2 28.3 27.6 : : 22.4 5.2 16.8 25.6 9.0 10.61996 48.5 38.3 37.1 29.5 41.9 22.1 26.5 36.1 28.6 28.0 11.6 : 19.1 11.2 18.2 26.2 9.5 10.71997 49.6 40.5 37.8 30.1 47.9 23.4 28.2 39.1 30.9 29.7 10.2 : 25.3 13.5 20.8 25.6 10.5 11.11998 41.9 42.2 37.2 28.3 52.9 26.0 23.0 40.1 31.5 30.0 11.5 : 27.9 18.7 20.6 24.2 10.5 10.51999 42.7 42.9 39.3 29.3 55.6 24.1 26.7 40.2 31.9 30.2 16.8 : 28.6 10.7 18.6 23.9 10.0 10.32000 36.2 48.2 44.8 35.1 66.9 27.2 21.6 43.2 35.7 33.4 20.1 30.2 32.9 8.8 19.4 25.2 10.6 10.7

2001 34.9 49.0 45.6 37.2 64.9 27.2 22.1 42.9 35.7 33.4 21.3 31.6 29.2 20.7 26.6 25.0 10.2 9.72002 33.6 45.1 45.7 36.2 58.1 28.8 24.0 41.2 35.1 32.7 20.9 29.0 26.3 20.1 24.5 24.1 11.0 9.12003 34.4 46.9 43.8 35.9 56.3 33.4 24.2 40.4 34.3 32.0 20.8 25.1 27.7 23.1 22.2 23.9 11.6 9.02004 41.0 57.3 43.9 36.9 59.7 34.3 25.7 42.7 36.0 33.1 22.2 34.5 30.7 25.1 22.8 23.7 13.0 9.62005 42.5 62.2 47.5 36.7 62.6 34.6 24.5 45.0 37.4 34.5 23.0 35.8 34.8 28.0 21.0 25.0 14.0 10.02006 47.0 65.2 50.7 37.9 73.9 37.9 24.8 47.5 39.6 36.5 25.2 40.6 37.8 29.4 21.7 27.1 15.9 10.72007 52.4 66.4 51.5 37.8 77.9 38.6 24.7 47.5 40.7 37.0 28.2 43.0 44.1 27.3 21.2 25.2 17.5 11.52008 52.5 63.2 54.2 36.4 79.3 37.9 26.2 49.2 41.2 38.0 25.3 39.5 43.2 28.4 22.8 27.0 17.4 12.52009 42.2 58.7 47.1 32.7 74.4 37.2 26.0 43.5 36.3 33.9 25.2 34.3 32.8 26.3 22.6 26.4 12.5 10.92010 50.4 66.0 50.5 36.2 81.8 40.1 32.4 44.7 40.4 37.4 28.0 37.0 39.8 32.3 20.4 28.3 15.0 12.3

2011 59.1 71.3 53.8 38.9 86.6 42.6 37.0 45.4 43.3 40.0 29.2 42.3 47.1 33.0 22.3 30.7 14.9 13.52012 60.7 76.2 54.6 39.5 86.3 44.4 37.4 45.2 44.9 41.0 28.9 43.7 45.4 35.8 23.7 30.0 14.5 13.52013 64.8 76.9 54.8 40.4 85.6 46.3 39.9 42.8 45.0 41.1 28.9 41.3 43.4 39.9 22.3 30.0 15.9 13.52014 64.8 82.5 54.6 43.3 87.4 47.6 41.2 43.6 45.8 41.3 28.2 40.1 47.7 42.1 23.8 28.5 17.5 13.52015 64.0 81.0 55.4 46.4 88.0 49.5 41.0 44.3 47.2 42.1 27.3 42.1 48.7 45.3 23.3 27.7 17.6 12.42016 64.1 79.6 53.4 47.6 87.2 52.2 41.2 43.3 46.8 42.0 29.0 40.6 50.7 48.6 22.0 28.4 16.3 11.92017 67.3 79.7 55.1 50.0 87.1 54.3 41.5 44.4 48.5 43.8 31.6 41.1 55.1 50.5 24.8 30.4 17.8 12.12018 65.9 78.5 55.6 50.5 84.9 55.5 41.6 45.8 49.2 44.5 31.6 42.9 60.6 50.8 29.5 30.6 18.5 12.22019 63.6 75.5 55.9 51.1 83.3 55.8 40.4 47.4 49.2 44.7 31.4 44.1 61.7 51.9 31.6 31.5 17.5 11.72020 56.6 68.7 52.2 39.6 76.8 51.5 36.1 43.6 45.3 41.3 24.3 31.0 56.8 48.8 26.2 29.6 14.9 10.7

2021 59.2 70.7 53.5 49.2 80.1 52.6 37.7 44.2 46.6 42.2 25.8 37.2 59.5 51.7 29.7 29.4 15.1 11.3


82


37. Exports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 9.1 7.7 : 9.5 8.1 11.7 9.0 11.7 : : : 5.9 : 8.4 9.0 9.5 : : 7.3 : 8.8

1971-1980 4.7 5.1 : 7.3 14.1 7.1 7.3 5.6 : : : 3.1 : 5.3 6.7 6.0 : : 5.9 : 5.8

1981-1990 4.5 5.3 : 8.5 1.4 5.4 4.1 4.1 : : : 6.1 : 4.5 4.9 10.4 : : 2.8 : 4.7

1991 3.1 11.0 : 5.7 4.1 8.2 6.3 -2.7 : : : 9.2 : 6.6 2.9 0.5 -20.1 : -7.9 : 6.01992 3.7 -0.3 : 13.9 10.0 7.5 5.9 6.2 : : : 2.7 : 2.9 1.3 5.4 -23.5 : 10.4 : 3.71993 -0.4 -5.9 : 9.7 -2.6 7.8 0.4 8.1 : : : 4.8 : 4.0 -2.4 1.3 0.6 -0.2 16.7 : 0.91994 8.3 7.9 3.5 15.1 7.4 16.7 8.2 9.0 : : : 7.7 : 8.7 5.7 10.5 12.3 14.8 13.3 : 9.01995 5.0 6.6 5.4 20.0 3.0 9.4 8.9 11.8 16.0 : : 4.6 : 9.2 7.2 13.6 1.1 4.5 8.8 : 8.51996 5.0 5.9 2.6 12.4 4.1 10.0 4.3 1.4 6.4 18.6 25.9 3.7 -5.9 4.1 4.6 5.7 3.0 -2.3 5.8 5.0 5.01997 9.5 12.3 25.4 17.5 23.1 14.4 13.0 5.0 0.0 12.7 23.9 11.0 4.0 9.7 11.0 7.3 11.6 13.7 14.0 11.1 11.11998 4.1 7.7 13.2 22.8 4.5 8.1 8.8 2.7 5.8 4.7 3.8 12.6 8.1 6.7 7.9 8.1 7.8 -2.3 8.9 7.3 7.31999 4.8 5.3 0.5 15.8 24.4 8.1 5.1 -1.0 2.4 -6.3 -18.8 12.3 8.2 9.0 6.4 3.5 2.0 10.2 11.3 5.7 5.82000 12.4 13.8 -7.0 21.2 22.2 10.4 12.9 12.1 8.8 14.4 14.1 15.4 5.6 12.4 13.5 8.5 12.6 8.3 16.1 13.2 13.3

1991-2000 5.5 6.3 : 15.3 9.7 10.0 7.3 5.2 : : : 8.3 : 7.3 5.7 6.4 -0.1 : 9.5 : 7.0

2001 0.4 5.7 6.3 14.0 0.1 3.9 3.1 2.6 1.8 9.0 24.1 5.8 -4.0 1.5 5.8 2.3 7.2 11.0 1.8 4.0 3.92002 3.4 4.2 2.8 6.5 -7.3 1.4 2.0 -2.8 -3.5 5.0 20.2 2.6 6.3 0.6 4.3 3.3 7.8 7.4 4.0 2.2 2.12003 1.6 1.9 10.2 -1.7 -0.7 3.6 -1.0 -1.3 -2.9 4.0 9.1 2.8 -0.3 1.8 0.5 5.0 3.2 19.7 -1.0 1.0 0.82004 6.2 11.5 17.3 6.5 18.6 4.3 5.4 6.1 3.2 13.7 4.2 10.7 -2.1 8.2 8.7 3.6 13.0 21.1 8.7 8.1 8.02005 5.5 6.7 19.9 5.5 3.3 1.9 4.0 3.2 3.1 23.5 20.5 5.5 4.3 5.8 6.7 0.3 11.4 12.6 6.9 5.2 5.02006 5.7 12.3 9.5 6.1 5.2 4.7 6.0 8.3 2.3 7.5 12.6 13.1 17.5 7.2 7.6 12.4 14.1 22.8 9.8 8.7 8.52007 5.4 8.9 12.6 8.9 10.6 7.6 2.8 6.2 5.4 13.8 3.2 8.1 10.9 5.4 7.6 6.4 13.9 14.5 9.0 6.9 6.82008 1.8 1.9 0.9 -3.8 3.5 -0.9 0.4 -3.2 -0.6 2.4 13.5 5.5 19.4 1.6 2.2 -0.4 4.2 3.0 6.6 0.9 0.72009 -11.3 -14.3 -20.3 4.6 -18.5 -10.8 -10.9 -17.8 -4.7 -12.9 -12.8 -11.6 -0.4 -8.6 -14.4 -10.0 -16.6 -16.4 -20.1 -12.4 -12.32010 10.4 14.4 24.2 6.0 4.9 9.1 8.7 11.8 6.1 13.4 15.9 10.4 6.9 9.7 13.1 9.2 10.2 17.3 6.2 11.1 11.0

2001-2010 2.8 5.0 7.6 5.2 1.5 2.3 1.9 1.0 1.0 7.5 10.5 5.1 5.6 3.2 3.9 3.0 6.4 10.7 2.8 3.4 3.3

2011 4.6 8.4 24.2 3.2 0.0 8.2 6.4 5.4 7.0 12.0 14.5 4.0 1.6 5.2 5.9 6.9 6.9 10.6 2.0 6.5 6.32012 -0.5 2.9 4.8 -0.9 1.2 0.9 2.8 2.0 -0.5 9.8 10.8 2.8 6.9 3.3 1.4 3.1 0.5 9.1 0.2 2.3 2.12013 0.4 1.0 2.8 2.9 1.5 4.4 2.1 0.4 1.2 1.1 7.3 5.3 0.9 2.5 0.6 7.2 3.1 6.0 0.6 1.9 1.82014 5.2 4.8 2.6 14.6 7.7 4.5 3.3 2.6 6.2 6.5 -1.8 16.4 4.1 4.5 2.9 4.3 6.0 3.7 -2.0 4.8 4.82015 3.7 5.5 -1.5 39.3 3.1 4.3 4.6 4.3 9.9 2.9 2.4 4.7 15.5 7.4 3.0 6.3 4.7 6.6 0.4 6.6 6.72016 6.5 2.4 5.1 4.1 -1.8 5.4 1.8 1.9 7.2 4.0 4.9 2.6 4.5 1.7 3.1 4.4 6.5 5.0 3.7 2.9 2.82017 5.3 4.9 3.8 9.2 6.8 5.6 3.9 5.4 8.7 6.4 13.6 0.7 4.8 6.5 5.0 8.4 10.5 3.5 8.8 5.5 5.42018 1.2 2.1 4.3 10.4 8.7 2.2 3.5 2.3 4.6 4.0 6.3 0.5 3.5 3.7 5.9 4.5 6.1 5.4 1.7 3.3 3.32019 1.0 0.9 4.9 11.1 4.8 2.6 2.0 1.2 2.0 2.0 9.3 0.8 1.7 2.4 2.7 3.7 4.4 1.7 7.2 2.5 2.42020 -10.6 -12.1 -12.5 -15.2 -21.4 -19.8 -12.0 -13.0 -21.8 -10.3 -12.5 -11.5 -9.3 -10.6 -12.5 -14.1 -12.4 -12.4 -10.7 -12.9 -12.9

2011-2020 1.6 1.9 3.5 7.1 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.1 2.0 3.7 5.2 2.4 3.3 2.5 1.7 3.3 3.4 3.8 1.1 2.2 2.1

2021 7.7 10.3 8.5 6.7 17.9 11.9 8.8 10.5 16.8 7.8 13.5 8.4 12.0 7.0 10.3 13.2 13.5 13.4 7.3 9.5 9.4


83


37. Exports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 6.3 : : : : 7.6 : 7.9 : : : : 6.5 4.6 15.9 5.9

1971-1980 : : 4.7 : : : : 3.8 : 5.5 : : : : 3.7 4.3 9.4 7.2

1981-1990 : : 5.2 : : : : 4.4 : 4.5 : : : : 16.0 3.4 5.7 5.5

1991 : -12.1 6.2 : : -1.7 -18.5 -2.0 : 4.9 : : : : 3.7 -0.2 5.2 6.61992 : 7.0 0.3 : 2.7 10.8 4.1 2.2 : 3.6 : : : : 11.0 4.3 4.4 6.91993 : 12.5 1.2 : -10.3 3.2 10.6 7.8 : 1.6 : : : : 7.7 4.3 0.4 3.31994 : -2.4 8.2 : 13.6 13.1 19.0 13.6 : 9.1 : : : : 15.2 8.9 3.9 8.81995 : 15.3 2.7 : 48.2 22.9 17.0 11.3 : 8.6 : : : : 8.0 9.1 4.2 10.31996 30.0 2.5 4.7 16.7 9.2 11.3 6.1 4.5 5.1 5.2 : : -12.9 123.3 22.0 7.1 4.8 8.21997 7.1 7.6 4.5 6.7 22.7 12.2 11.2 13.9 11.1 10.6 -18.3 : 29.4 51.1 19.1 7.7 11.1 11.91998 -17.4 9.7 4.1 -0.2 15.5 14.2 -1.6 9.0 7.3 6.6 33.8 : 8.5 29.5 12.0 2.8 -2.4 2.31999 -17.7 5.2 11.3 1.4 11.8 -2.5 7.3 7.2 5.8 5.6 73.1 : 6.9 -42.2 -11.2 2.8 1.9 5.02000 -17.2 14.8 12.6 13.7 25.0 23.6 -18.6 12.0 13.2 12.6 38.9 : 19.7 18.4 17.4 9.0 12.7 8.3

1991-2000 : 5.7 5.5 : : 10.4 2.9 7.8 : 6.8 : : : : 10.1 5.5 4.5 7.1

2001 1.2 9.4 3.4 9.9 8.8 3.1 14.3 0.5 3.9 3.4 15.5 : -14.2 54.0 4.6 1.9 -6.7 -5.82002 8.9 0.9 4.4 4.8 5.8 4.8 17.4 1.7 2.4 2.0 3.6 : -4.9 19.3 7.8 1.3 7.8 -1.72003 6.5 8.8 -1.2 6.8 6.2 14.1 8.3 4.6 1.6 1.1 11.8 : 0.3 28.1 6.7 2.3 9.5 2.22004 24.5 29.7 3.0 7.3 17.9 4.9 14.1 11.3 8.5 7.5 18.5 : 17.2 9.9 11.6 4.3 14.3 9.72005 9.1 18.2 7.8 4.6 12.9 9.9 9.2 6.4 5.8 5.5 24.3 : 17.9 17.4 8.1 8.0 7.2 7.12006 7.7 14.3 10.3 7.9 19.5 15.6 11.8 8.6 9.2 9.1 16.9 : 12.1 7.3 6.5 12.4 10.3 9.32007 19.6 11.0 3.7 5.0 16.1 10.0 20.9 4.3 7.1 5.3 19.1 30.0 13.8 3.8 7.3 -2.1 8.7 8.72008 2.5 4.2 3.9 -2.1 6.7 7.1 13.8 2.4 1.5 1.0 -4.6 1.7 -4.7 12.6 3.8 1.3 1.6 5.72009 -11.7 -9.8 -9.2 -13.8 -10.7 -5.9 -5.7 -14.3 -12.0 -11.8 4.7 -12.7 -13.9 -11.5 -3.7 -7.8 -23.4 -8.42010 11.0 14.7 2.9 7.8 11.1 13.1 15.5 10.8 11.0 10.1 19.2 7.5 23.7 16.9 1.7 5.8 24.9 12.1

2001-2010 7.5 9.7 2.8 3.6 9.1 7.5 11.7 3.4 3.7 3.2 12.6 : 3.9 14.7 5.4 2.6 4.6 3.7

2011 12.6 9.2 7.2 2.3 6.4 7.9 12.1 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.7 14.6 16.1 5.6 13.4 7.3 -0.2 7.12012 2.0 4.3 1.2 -1.5 -1.7 4.6 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.9 0.3 -0.3 2.0 2.9 14.9 0.6 -0.1 3.42013 9.6 0.2 1.6 2.5 4.1 6.1 20.2 -1.1 2.1 1.6 1.6 -1.3 6.1 18.0 1.1 1.2 0.8 3.62014 3.1 8.7 3.1 7.4 9.2 6.7 8.0 4.3 5.0 4.3 1.2 -0.7 16.5 4.3 8.2 1.0 9.3 4.22015 6.4 6.0 3.6 10.3 7.4 7.7 4.6 6.3 6.6 6.2 1.0 5.7 8.5 9.4 4.3 3.8 2.9 0.52016 8.6 4.3 4.1 7.0 3.8 8.8 16.0 2.8 3.4 2.9 11.3 5.9 9.1 11.9 -1.9 2.7 1.7 0.02017 5.8 6.7 4.6 6.8 6.9 9.5 7.6 4.3 5.6 5.4 13.2 1.8 8.3 8.2 12.0 6.1 6.8 3.52018 1.7 4.4 2.4 3.7 4.3 7.0 6.2 3.2 3.5 3.0 4.1 6.9 15.6 8.3 7.8 1.2 3.4 3.02019 1.9 1.2 1.6 4.6 6.0 4.7 4.6 4.2 2.7 2.7 5.9 6.4 8.3 8.5 6.4 4.8 -1.8 0.02020 -13.2 -13.3 -10.7 -29.0 -14.0 -9.8 -12.8 -12.0 -12.8 -12.5 -24.8 -33.7 -11.0 -8.5 -26.4 -10.7 -15.0 -13.4

2011-2020 3.6 3.0 1.8 0.7 3.0 5.2 6.4 1.8 2.4 2.1 1.5 -0.4 7.7 6.7 3.3 1.7 0.6 1.0

2021 10.8 9.6 8.7 33.7 11.2 8.6 9.9 6.5 9.5 8.7 12.2 24.3 10.0 13.8 17.7 5.1 3.2 10.3


84


38. Intra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics


BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU NL MT AT PT SI SK FI 2) 3)

1960 19.0 6.1 : 17.1 2.0 3.4 4.2 3.7 : : : : 18.5 : 10.3 3.6 : : 11.9

1965 26.3 8.8 : 17.0 2.1 2.1 5.5 5.9 : : : : 21.0 : 9.6 5.3 : : 10.4

1970 33.3 10.5 : 18.0 2.8 3.0 7.3 6.5 : : : : 23.6 : 10.6 6.0 : : 13.1

1975 33.1 11.5 : 27.2 4.4 3.3 8.1 8.1 : : : : 26.6 : 10.0 5.9 : : 10.7

1980 38.4 13.7 : 30.1 4.5 4.8 9.2 9.1 : : : : 29.0 : 13.4 9.2 : : 15.4

1985 45.1 16.3 : 34.4 5.4 7.2 9.9 9.1 : : : : 36.3 : 15.0 14.4 : : 12.5

1990 45.0 16.1 : 37.3 5.5 7.3 11.4 9.0 : : : : 35.4 : 16.5 16.4 : : 10.9

1991 43.7 13.6 : 37.4 5.5 7.5 11.8 8.6 : : : : 35.8 : 15.8 14.8 : : 10.91992 41.0 12.8 : 38.9 5.8 7.4 11.6 8.3 : : : : 33.6 : 15.3 13.7 : : 13.11993 42.4 10.7 : 39.6 4.6 7.9 10.4 9.1 : : : : 30.8 : 13.6 13.0 : : 14.51994 43.1 11.2 : 43.3 4.6 9.6 11.4 10.0 : : : : 33.1 : 14.0 14.4 : : 15.61995 45.7 11.8 : 47.7 4.9 10.8 11.8 11.4 : : : : 31.5 : 15.8 15.3 : : 17.31996 47.9 12.0 : 45.4 4.3 11.3 11.9 10.7 : : : : 37.1 : 15.7 16.2 : : 16.91997 50.7 12.9 : 44.3 4.0 11.7 12.9 10.6 : : : : 39.4 : 17.4 16.5 : : 17.41998 53.6 13.7 : 49.4 4.0 12.8 13.3 11.0 : : : : 38.5 : 18.8 16.4 : : 18.31999 54.6 16.3 35.5 48.6 4.9 12.1 14.3 12.1 2.3 17.9 18.5 32.4 40.1 23.7 23.5 16.2 30.9 44.2 20.52000 61.1 18.4 49.1 50.1 5.5 14.1 15.6 13.0 2.4 19.0 23.1 34.1 45.4 20.5 26.0 16.8 34.7 51.7 23.1

2001 62.7 18.8 43.0 48.7 5.4 13.8 15.1 12.9 2.3 18.8 25.6 40.5 43.6 23.5 27.2 16.1 35.3 53.6 20.22002 63.2 18.9 38.0 45.3 4.8 13.3 14.4 12.3 2.1 18.5 25.3 38.0 41.5 21.5 27.9 15.6 33.9 52.1 19.72003 62.1 19.6 37.7 35.2 4.7 13.0 14.2 12.0 2.0 19.4 23.2 40.1 41.1 20.3 28.3 15.6 33.2 55.5 18.72004 64.1 21.0 39.2 33.9 4.6 12.7 14.1 12.3 3.7 21.4 27.6 42.2 43.4 20.6 29.4 15.1 36.4 56.0 18.12005 66.6 22.0 42.8 33.1 4.8 12.1 13.4 12.5 5.7 23.2 29.7 45.9 47.4 19.6 28.9 15.8 41.0 57.0 18.22006 68.7 23.6 37.4 29.7 5.2 12.1 14.0 13.3 4.6 20.6 29.8 48.4 50.1 21.5 29.8 16.8 45.3 63.8 20.42007 69.7 25.1 34.4 28.6 5.3 12.2 13.8 13.9 4.2 19.4 27.9 39.5 50.7 19.3 31.0 16.8 48.4 66.1 20.02008 70.2 24.6 35.7 28.6 5.3 12.0 13.5 13.5 4.1 19.4 29.7 40.5 53.0 15.6 30.8 16.2 46.7 62.8 18.92009 58.1 20.6 31.7 29.9 4.3 10.7 11.2 10.8 3.2 19.9 28.2 36.1 44.3 13.4 24.8 13.6 39.7 54.1 13.82010 61.8 22.3 40.4 30.5 5.1 12.3 12.1 12.1 3.6 27.2 34.2 29.3 52.4 16.9 28.1 15.7 47.0 62.1 15.2

2011 65.4 23.4 47.3 31.1 6.1 13.8 12.7 12.9 4.5 30.8 39.6 27.9 56.8 19.0 29.3 18.1 52.0 68.4 16.02012 62.9 22.6 45.8 31.2 6.4 14.2 12.5 13.0 4.2 31.6 41.8 26.2 59.2 18.0 28.5 19.1 51.8 71.7 15.22013 63.0 22.0 45.8 28.0 7.1 14.8 12.3 13.0 4.9 31.7 38.9 24.2 57.9 16.3 28.5 19.5 52.6 71.8 15.22014 62.2 22.2 43.3 25.7 7.3 15.1 12.2 13.4 7.1 32.3 36.6 23.8 57.2 13.0 28.1 19.7 54.1 71.7 15.52015 61.6 22.9 41.9 22.4 7.9 15.4 12.2 13.7 7.3 31.6 37.6 24.9 56.5 11.2 28.0 20.1 56.3 72.5 15.02016 60.2 22.5 40.6 21.8 8.1 15.7 12.1 13.8 6.9 31.0 35.3 21.5 55.4 11.8 27.2 20.2 55.5 73.3 14.12017 61.7 23.1 38.9 20.9 8.6 16.1 12.1 14.4 5.5 31.1 36.5 20.7 58.8 12.6 28.6 20.8 59.9 74.5 15.92018 62.9 23.3 37.7 21.6 9.6 16.2 12.4 14.9 5.9 31.5 36.7 19.4 59.0 11.9 29.0 21.5 62.4 75.4 16.22019 60.7 22.6 36.2 20.8 10.1 15.9 12.2 14.9 6.6 30.6 36.0 19.5 57.3 11.3 28.4 21.7 61.4 72.2 16.12020 54.7 20.5 33.7 20.4 9.3 15.1 10.9 14.3 4.3 26.7 34.0 18.1 53.0 10.7 25.5 19.7 55.3 65.2 14.8

2021 55.6 21.8 34.1 20.2 9.9 15.7 11.2 14.7 5.2 27.1 34.8 18.5 53.9 10.9 27.1 21.3 58.3 68.7 15.2

1) 1960-1998 Former EU-15, 1999-2001 Former EU-27 2) 1960-1998 including LU 3) 1960-90 D_W

85


38. Intra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics


BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-28 EU-15 2) 3)

1960 : : 13.2 : : : : 10.2 : 6.2

1965 : : 14.2 : : : : 10.3 : 7.9

1970 : : 12.4 : : : : 11.3 : 9.5

1975 : : 13.8 : : : : 12.2 : 10.8

1980 : : 15.4 : : : : 13.3 : 12.6

1985 : : 15.2 : : : : 15.0 : 13.9

1990 : : 17.5 : : : : 12.6 : 13.7

1991 : : 18.0 : : : : 11.5 : 13.11992 : : 18.0 : : : : 11.5 : 12.71993 : : 17.4 : : : : 13.1 : 12.21994 : : 17.5 : : : : 15.0 : 13.21995 : : 18.3 : : : : 18.1 : 14.21996 : : 18.2 : : : : 16.7 : 14.41997 : : 18.8 : : : : 17.2 : 14.91998 : : 18.4 : : : : 18.3 : 15.41999 16.7 36.1 20.1 : 43.5 13.2 17.3 19.6 : 16.82000 20.5 40.7 22.0 : 50.2 15.0 20.1 20.1 : 18.4

2001 21.8 43.0 21.8 : 47.9 15.4 21.2 18.5 : 18.32002 21.6 40.4 22.4 12.0 43.4 16.9 22.3 17.9 18.3 17.82003 22.6 42.9 21.4 12.1 43.0 20.3 23.2 18.0 18.2 17.62004 23.7 50.6 21.7 12.7 45.0 23.6 23.7 19.0 18.8 18.02005 23.6 49.3 22.8 12.3 45.8 23.0 19.9 19.8 19.2 18.42006 26.7 52.6 23.3 13.2 52.6 25.5 18.8 21.2 20.5 19.52007 25.7 55.4 22.7 12.3 54.8 25.8 16.8 21.2 20.6 19.52008 24.8 52.8 23.0 12.2 54.4 24.7 16.3 21.2 20.9 19.92009 20.5 46.4 19.7 10.1 50.6 24.7 17.3 17.5 18.0 16.92010 25.1 54.0 19.7 12.1 57.0 26.4 21.6 18.3 19.9 18.6

2011 30.8 59.5 21.2 12.8 61.5 27.9 24.5 18.3 21.3 19.82012 29.1 61.6 20.9 12.7 62.6 28.2 23.8 17.8 21.0 19.42013 31.9 62.8 20.6 13.5 61.7 29.3 24.0 16.5 20.9 19.22014 32.1 69.2 20.1 15.2 62.9 31.2 24.8 16.6 20.8 19.02015 32.5 70.4 19.3 17.2 64.4 33.1 25.1 16.3 20.7 18.72016 32.8 69.7 18.8 17.6 65.0 34.4 25.3 16.0 20.8 18.82017 33.8 70.5 19.2 18.5 65.2 35.5 25.3 16.7 21.8 19.72018 34.4 69.6 18.9 19.4 65.1 36.1 25.4 17.8 22.2 20.02019 32.7 67.5 18.6 19.6 62.7 35.5 23.7 17.5 21.7 19.62020 29.2 60.9 16.7 19.0 59.8 32.7 20.5 15.6 20.0 18.1

2021 31.6 62.9 17.4 19.3 61.5 33.7 21.9 16.1 20.7 18.7

1) 1960-1998 Former EU-15, 1999-2001 Former EU-27 2) Former EU-28; 1960-90 including D_W 3) DK DE IE EL ES FR IT NL AT PT FI SE UK B/L; 1960-90 including D_W

86


39. Extra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 12.2 9.1 : 3.9 2.6 2.4 6.8 5.5 : : : : 11.6 : 6.5 5.7 : : 6.9

1965 9.1 6.1 : 3.4 2.1 1.5 4.4 4.5 : : : : 7.0 : 6.2 5.5 : : 6.0

1970 9.2 7.2 : 5.4 2.1 2.8 4.9 5.2 : : : : 7.2 : 7.9 5.5 : : 7.2

1975 10.5 9.0 : 5.9 3.7 3.2 6.6 7.3 : : : : 8.3 : 8.7 3.4 : : 8.0

1980 12.5 8.9 : 8.4 4.6 4.1 7.3 7.2 : : : : 8.8 : 7.9 4.8 : : 10.9

1985 16.6 11.5 : 13.0 4.2 6.1 8.4 8.4 : : : : 10.7 : 9.6 6.6 : : 11.7

1990 12.0 9.0 : 10.7 2.7 3.0 5.6 5.4 : : : : 5.6 : 8.3 4.2 : : 7.8

1991 12.2 7.9 : 11.0 2.7 2.9 5.2 5.0 : : : : 4.7 : 7.8 4.1 : : 7.11992 11.2 7.4 : 11.2 2.3 2.7 5.3 5.1 : : : : 4.4 : 7.4 3.7 : : 8.01993 11.6 7.6 : 16.5 3.8 4.0 6.0 6.7 : : : : 5.5 : 7.3 3.2 : : 11.71994 16.2 8.1 : 16.2 2.9 4.2 5.8 7.3 : : : : 5.3 : 8.0 3.7 : : 13.01995 15.6 8.3 : 16.1 3.2 5.0 6.9 8.4 : : : : 8.7 : 8.1 3.6 : : 12.01996 14.7 8.8 : 17.6 3.7 5.3 7.1 8.5 : : : : 9.0 : 8.7 3.7 : : 13.31997 19.8 10.3 : 20.0 3.9 5.4 7.9 8.7 : : : : 10.4 : 10.7 3.9 : : 15.31998 18.3 10.5 : 21.9 3.5 5.2 8.0 8.3 : : : : 10.3 : 10.5 3.6 : : 14.31999 14.7 8.5 5.9 23.6 2.5 4.3 7.5 6.7 1.6 5.1 6.6 4.5 8.8 24.6 6.9 3.0 7.0 4.9 10.82000 18.4 9.9 6.6 27.2 3.4 5.2 8.4 8.0 1.6 4.5 7.8 5.2 10.4 39.9 8.4 3.8 8.7 5.6 13.5

2001 17.7 10.6 9.9 27.1 3.0 4.7 8.4 8.0 1.9 5.1 9.3 5.3 9.9 21.3 8.6 3.7 9.2 5.2 13.12002 20.5 10.8 8.5 23.3 2.6 4.5 7.7 7.6 1.6 5.3 11.2 5.0 10.0 23.8 8.8 3.6 10.0 5.7 12.52003 18.3 10.5 8.0 21.2 2.3 4.2 7.1 7.0 1.3 5.0 13.7 4.8 9.9 21.3 8.7 3.6 9.8 8.7 12.32004 19.0 11.4 9.6 20.0 2.3 4.4 7.2 7.3 1.8 6.3 13.4 4.5 10.9 21.0 9.9 3.8 11.1 8.2 13.02005 20.1 12.1 11.9 18.7 2.7 4.6 7.7 7.6 2.1 7.1 15.5 5.4 11.9 17.9 10.7 3.9 12.1 8.1 13.82006 21.1 13.4 19.6 17.2 2.6 4.9 7.3 8.1 1.9 7.8 17.0 5.8 13.1 19.9 10.9 4.7 13.4 9.3 15.22007 21.8 13.5 14.6 16.4 3.0 5.0 7.2 8.7 1.6 7.3 15.1 5.5 14.2 24.3 11.0 5.0 14.2 9.7 15.12008 21.0 14.0 15.2 16.9 3.4 5.2 7.6 9.1 1.8 8.9 19.5 5.3 14.0 23.0 11.1 5.5 14.5 10.4 14.92009 18.7 12.3 13.9 18.9 3.3 4.6 6.7 7.7 1.6 9.5 15.6 5.2 12.8 20.0 9.3 4.4 11.9 8.6 11.02010 22.8 14.7 18.5 22.4 4.2 5.6 7.7 8.8 1.8 13.2 21.8 6.0 15.4 24.1 10.8 5.1 13.6 11.0 12.7

2011 25.4 15.9 24.0 22.5 5.6 6.9 8.1 9.9 2.1 15.9 24.9 6.9 16.9 27.1 11.8 6.2 15.3 12.1 12.72012 26.9 17.2 23.6 21.6 8.0 8.1 8.7 11.0 2.7 18.1 27.4 7.0 18.9 28.1 12.2 7.8 17.3 13.8 13.12013 26.8 16.7 18.8 20.9 8.0 8.7 8.4 11.2 3.6 16.0 31.2 5.7 18.6 19.7 12.2 8.2 17.7 14.9 12.32014 26.0 16.3 16.6 21.1 7.8 8.6 8.1 11.1 6.5 14.6 30.1 5.1 18.2 12.9 12.1 8.1 17.8 13.5 11.52015 24.3 16.6 13.8 19.9 6.6 8.3 8.5 11.3 9.3 13.8 23.7 4.7 18.1 13.3 12.0 7.5 17.8 12.5 10.52016 23.4 15.9 14.3 21.7 6.3 7.8 8.2 10.8 7.3 13.3 22.8 4.5 17.4 16.1 11.3 6.7 18.2 12.6 10.02017 23.7 16.4 15.3 20.0 7.4 8.2 8.5 11.5 8.9 15.5 26.0 3.9 19.3 9.7 11.6 7.3 19.2 12.8 10.82018 23.3 16.2 17.7 21.5 8.5 8.2 8.6 11.5 14.2 15.7 25.7 3.6 20.5 8.7 11.6 6.8 19.4 12.8 11.32019 23.1 16.1 15.1 22.9 7.9 8.0 8.8 11.7 7.5 14.9 25.2 3.7 20.8 9.0 11.7 6.5 22.1 12.9 11.22020 21.6 15.2 13.4 20.5 8.0 7.3 8.3 11.3 7.7 14.6 24.2 3.4 20.6 8.6 10.4 6.6 22.1 12.1 10.5

2021 21.7 15.1 13.5 20.7 8.1 7.5 8.4 11.6 7.4 14.8 24.3 3.5 20.2 8.7 10.7 6.5 23.8 12.4 10.7


87


39. Extra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 : : 10.1 : : : : 6.2 : 8.2

1965 : : 7.1 : : : : 5.9 : 5.9

1970 : : 7.2 : : : : 7.0 : 6.5

1975 : : 7.7 : : : : 9.2 : 7.9

1980 : : 8.4 : : : : 8.9 : 8.0

1985 : : 11.8 : : : : 11.8 : 9.5

1990 : : 7.0 : : : : 9.5 : 6.8

1991 : : 7.1 : : : : 8.8 : 6.21992 : : 8.8 : : : : 8.4 : 6.11993 : : 7.7 : : : : 10.4 : 7.01994 : : 7.9 : : : : 11.8 : 7.41995 : : 7.6 : : : : 10.1 : 7.91996 : : 7.5 : : : : 10.1 : 8.21997 : : 9.5 : : : : 13.8 : 9.31998 : : 9.3 : : : : 13.3 : 9.01999 12.4 4.9 8.2 : 7.6 2.9 6.4 11.6 : 7.72000 15.9 6.4 9.2 : 9.4 3.4 7.7 13.2 : 8.9

2001 14.1 6.4 9.5 : 8.8 3.5 6.9 12.9 : 8.92002 13.1 6.4 9.6 6.2 7.4 3.8 7.8 12.6 8.5 8.62003 12.9 5.9 9.0 5.7 7.5 4.4 7.3 12.6 8.1 8.22004 14.1 7.1 8.9 6.6 8.3 5.7 7.7 13.1 8.5 8.62005 14.8 8.0 9.4 7.1 9.8 6.2 8.2 13.7 9.0 9.12006 16.1 8.4 9.4 7.4 12.6 6.7 7.8 14.0 9.4 9.42007 15.9 9.2 9.6 8.2 13.3 6.8 6.4 13.4 9.5 9.52008 16.0 9.0 9.9 7.8 13.8 6.9 6.7 14.0 10.0 10.12009 10.8 8.1 9.4 6.6 12.5 6.2 5.9 12.4 8.9 8.92010 15.8 10.0 10.3 7.7 15.7 6.9 8.2 13.7 10.5 10.6

2011 18.4 11.9 11.2 8.6 17.9 7.8 9.9 14.3 11.7 11.82012 20.3 14.2 11.9 9.2 18.3 8.8 10.0 13.5 12.5 12.52013 21.3 14.6 11.7 8.3 17.6 9.8 10.5 12.1 12.8 12.72014 19.3 15.0 11.5 8.7 15.7 9.1 10.1 11.8 12.1 12.12015 17.6 14.1 12.2 8.9 14.8 8.6 9.0 11.5 12.1 12.12016 16.6 13.6 11.7 9.2 14.9 8.8 8.4 11.0 11.6 11.72017 19.3 13.5 11.9 10.5 15.1 8.9 8.1 11.5 12.2 12.22018 16.4 12.9 12.0 9.2 14.5 8.7 7.5 12.1 12.3 12.42019 16.4 13.0 13.2 9.2 14.1 9.0 7.1 12.7 12.4 12.52020 14.9 12.8 13.1 9.0 13.4 8.6 6.4 11.5 11.7 11.8

2021 14.8 12.5 13.1 9.3 13.8 8.6 6.2 11.5 11.8 11.8


88


40. Imports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 33.6 16.6 : 33.7 14.7 7.1 12.4 13.3 58.7 : : 66.8 85.6 42.8 22.8 19.6 : : 22.1 : 17.4

1965 36.6 17.9 : 39.7 17.2 13.4 12.4 12.1 54.7 : : 72.4 87.0 40.7 23.5 23.0 : : 20.9 : 17.9

1970 42.1 19.2 : 40.7 15.3 13.6 15.4 15.0 64.3 : : 68.6 97.6 43.3 27.5 24.9 : : 25.7 : 20.3

1975 45.6 21.8 : 44.1 21.2 16.6 17.9 18.8 76.8 : : 79.8 118.0 43.0 28.5 24.0 : : 28.3 : 23.1

1980 52.9 27.0 : 56.9 25.3 17.3 22.5 23.0 85.4 : : 80.8 118.2 49.4 35.1 34.3 : : 32.1 : 27.8

1985 61.4 29.0 : 52.7 24.3 20.0 23.7 21.6 79.7 : : 93.7 108.3 54.6 35.2 33.9 : : 27.3 : 28.8

1990 59.9 26.7 : 50.3 25.4 19.9 21.8 18.3 77.2 38.9 47.4 85.1 121.2 49.6 35.8 36.9 69.9 34.8 23.7 : 26.3

1991 28.1 26.3

1991 58.4 24.2 : 50.8 24.4 19.7 21.6 17.1 77.4 20.2 16.5 86.0 120.2 50.0 35.5 34.7 66.1 48.3 22.2 : 25.21992 56.3 22.7 : 51.1 23.9 19.8 20.7 17.7 82.2 58.0 15.6 81.1 121.3 48.6 34.5 32.5 50.0 72.7 24.7 : 24.51993 52.9 20.3 68.1 53.2 23.0 19.2 19.1 17.5 64.7 45.2 70.7 79.7 128.7 46.3 31.8 30.7 51.3 59.7 26.8 23.5 23.31994 54.8 20.9 79.1 58.5 21.7 21.3 20.2 18.6 64.9 35.2 48.0 80.8 130.9 48.2 33.8 32.2 51.5 53.0 28.4 24.8 24.51995 56.3 21.6 73.3 62.5 22.7 22.9 21.0 21.0 67.6 39.4 47.8 82.1 131.7 50.6 34.7 33.1 47.7 54.6 28.3 26.2 25.91996 58.0 22.1 71.8 63.9 23.2 23.2 21.3 19.2 70.6 49.6 51.2 83.9 123.5 51.3 35.8 33.7 47.4 62.5 29.4 26.3 26.01997 60.9 24.3 80.8 65.2 23.1 25.5 22.5 20.4 70.6 48.9 55.0 94.7 115.5 54.0 37.8 35.2 48.7 64.0 30.4 28.2 27.91998 60.5 25.2 83.3 73.5 26.0 26.6 23.4 21.0 66.2 51.5 50.5 106.7 113.0 53.2 38.6 36.5 49.2 56.6 29.5 29.1 28.81999 60.6 26.4 74.2 73.5 28.1 28.3 23.7 21.4 64.3 44.9 42.4 108.4 114.7 54.5 38.9 36.8 48.4 51.1 28.6 30.0 29.72000 69.7 30.7 64.8 80.7 34.7 31.5 27.3 24.8 67.5 44.9 44.7 123.5 126.5 59.5 42.0 39.2 53.8 55.6 32.9 34.3 34.0

2001 68.0 30.2 65.2 79.7 33.4 30.1 26.7 24.4 63.6 48.5 49.5 123.9 110.2 56.7 42.9 37.7 52.8 64.6 30.5 33.6 33.32002 65.3 28.3 65.3 73.3 30.2 28.5 25.5 23.7 61.2 46.8 53.0 116.9 107.2 53.3 41.6 35.2 51.3 63.4 30.2 32.0 31.72003 63.7 29.0 65.6 65.7 29.6 27.8 24.7 22.8 56.2 48.7 52.0 115.2 106.9 52.6 41.8 33.8 51.3 62.8 30.7 31.6 31.22004 66.0 30.5 68.9 66.2 29.2 29.1 25.5 23.4 57.0 54.7 54.4 128.2 104.8 54.9 43.9 35.5 56.5 70.6 32.3 32.9 32.52005 70.2 32.9 70.5 68.7 29.6 29.8 26.9 24.7 56.2 57.7 61.1 136.1 106.8 57.2 45.4 35.9 60.5 75.4 36.3 34.9 34.32006 72.8 36.0 73.4 71.0 31.7 30.9 28.2 27.0 56.4 60.7 65.9 144.4 126.8 59.6 47.2 38.2 64.9 83.4 38.9 37.2 36.62007 74.2 36.6 71.4 72.5 35.0 31.8 28.6 27.7 58.0 57.5 63.5 149.6 129.0 61.7 48.2 38.8 69.2 82.9 39.0 38.2 37.52008 80.2 37.7 70.2 75.5 36.0 30.4 29.3 27.6 62.8 52.4 68.7 156.4 148.7 61.3 48.8 40.8 68.4 81.9 41.3 38.9 38.22009 66.6 33.1 55.6 79.8 28.8 23.9 25.6 23.0 54.1 44.1 53.6 131.9 149.2 54.7 41.9 34.2 55.9 68.2 34.0 33.5 32.92010 74.1 37.3 68.1 86.4 30.7 27.0 28.1 26.9 58.7 55.0 66.1 141.6 154.2 61.7 47.8 37.7 63.2 77.6 37.1 37.7 37.0

2011 80.8 40.1 80.1 85.0 32.3 29.3 30.4 28.3 57.3 62.7 75.8 145.5 158.2 67.0 51.2 38.6 69.0 84.3 39.7 40.4 39.62012 80.3 40.2 83.9 87.0 33.1 29.4 30.5 27.3 57.2 65.6 77.8 155.4 160.7 69.8 51.2 38.3 69.5 85.5 40.4 40.8 39.92013 78.5 39.7 81.4 84.9 33.2 29.0 30.4 26.2 59.8 63.8 77.3 158.6 150.7 69.7 50.6 38.5 69.5 88.0 39.1 40.4 39.52014 79.0 39.0 77.9 92.0 34.8 30.4 30.8 26.2 65.2 63.2 70.5 180.2 136.5 69.5 50.1 40.1 69.4 86.7 37.6 40.8 40.02015 76.4 39.3 73.0 93.2 31.5 30.6 31.2 26.7 67.7 61.6 69.8 187.2 144.6 75.2 49.3 39.9 69.1 88.9 36.0 41.6 40.82016 78.2 38.7 73.5 105.2 30.8 29.9 30.9 26.0 69.0 59.4 66.8 177.6 138.2 69.3 48.6 39.1 69.4 90.8 36.1 41.2 40.32017 80.9 40.3 71.9 99.0 34.0 31.6 31.9 27.9 73.4 62.0 71.2 182.5 128.5 72.6 50.7 41.7 74.0 92.9 37.6 42.9 42.02018 82.7 41.3 70.7 89.2 36.4 32.4 32.1 29.1 72.3 61.7 73.7 175.5 123.8 73.3 52.0 43.3 76.0 94.1 39.6 43.7 42.82019 81.6 40.9 68.6 112.4 37.2 32.0 31.9 28.5 71.5 59.8 73.1 172.8 120.4 71.8 52.1 43.8 75.3 92.1 39.5 44.1 43.22020 74.8 38.0 63.5 85.5 31.9 27.1 28.6 26.2 62.9 56.5 68.1 157.1 117.1 67.0 47.8 41.0 68.4 83.1 37.2 39.9 39.1

2021 75.8 38.6 63.7 87.4 36.0 28.5 29.9 27.6 67.8 56.5 70.3 163.5 122.8 68.5 49.3 42.6 73.3 87.3 38.3 41.1 40.2


89


40. Imports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 : : 33.0 : : : : 21.9 : 18.8 : : : : 4.1 21.5 10.2 4.2

1965 : : 30.3 : : : : 21.1 : 18.6 : : : : 3.7 19.3 9.1 4.2

1970 : : 30.0 : : : : 23.0 : 20.6 : : : : 4.1 20.3 9.5 5.2

1975 : : 30.3 : : : : 26.3 : 23.8 : : : : 8.0 25.6 12.7 7.3

1980 : : 33.0 : 36.2 29.9 20.5 29.5 : 27.2 : : : : 8.3 22.7 14.6 10.3

1985 : : 35.7 : 35.2 16.2 18.4 32.0 : 28.3 : : : : 13.1 24.5 10.9 9.6

1990 : 38.3 30.9 : 25.0 19.4 24.2 28.5 : 25.9 : : : : 12.4 22.9 9.5 10.6

1991 25.5

1991 18.0 36.4 31.5 : 29.6 22.9 19.9 25.5 : 24.6 : : : : 11.7 20.9 8.4 10.11992 24.3 42.4 30.0 : 27.8 19.9 33.4 25.2 : 24.2 : : : : 12.2 21.5 7.7 10.21993 21.0 41.2 29.0 : 30.4 19.8 25.8 28.0 : 23.5 : : : : 13.7 23.0 7.0 10.51994 21.0 39.4 30.9 : 31.1 19.3 24.9 30.6 : 24.7 : : : : 14.4 23.8 7.1 11.21995 22.9 43.5 31.9 36.0 39.2 20.7 30.7 31.8 26.7 26.1 : : 31.8 8.2 17.2 25.3 7.7 11.81996 37.3 43.2 31.4 37.4 41.4 23.4 34.3 30.8 26.8 26.2 33.3 : 28.6 17.9 19.7 26.0 9.0 11.91997 36.9 44.6 33.4 44.4 46.9 27.1 35.0 33.2 28.8 27.6 35.2 : 37.8 21.0 21.5 25.1 9.5 12.31998 35.1 42.5 34.1 36.4 54.5 30.7 30.8 34.8 29.8 28.3 36.7 : 41.7 23.6 19.7 24.8 8.7 12.31999 47.3 43.3 33.3 36.7 58.4 29.9 31.3 35.1 30.6 29.1 34.2 : 38.8 15.3 18.8 25.3 8.4 13.02000 41.5 50.0 38.1 39.7 70.5 33.6 26.9 38.4 34.9 32.8 43.3 50.0 47.2 13.7 22.6 26.9 9.2 14.4

2001 44.2 50.3 38.4 42.3 66.2 30.8 29.8 37.8 34.2 32.3 45.2 60.7 42.3 35.9 22.8 27.2 9.6 13.22002 41.6 46.4 38.9 45.7 60.2 32.2 29.7 36.0 32.7 31.0 47.6 58.6 45.2 36.8 23.0 26.7 9.7 13.02003 44.6 48.1 37.0 46.4 60.3 36.0 32.0 35.2 32.4 30.5 46.2 46.0 43.4 38.0 23.4 26.1 9.9 13.42004 52.1 56.5 38.3 45.5 63.6 36.9 34.9 36.2 33.9 31.5 44.8 56.9 50.2 49.1 25.4 26.3 11.0 14.72005 57.2 59.8 41.9 45.5 65.0 35.7 34.8 39.1 35.8 33.3 47.9 59.8 51.0 45.1 24.4 27.4 12.5 15.52006 64.1 62.4 46.6 46.5 75.0 39.9 36.9 41.1 38.4 35.5 49.1 77.4 54.8 47.5 26.5 29.2 14.5 16.22007 71.2 64.0 48.6 46.2 77.4 42.1 38.8 41.9 39.5 35.9 55.0 85.7 62.0 48.3 26.1 27.2 15.6 16.52008 72.3 61.1 50.7 46.6 78.9 42.9 39.0 43.9 40.3 37.1 52.1 92.8 68.3 50.2 27.1 29.1 17.0 17.42009 50.5 54.8 42.6 38.3 70.4 38.0 32.4 38.4 34.7 32.5 49.9 65.1 54.4 39.7 23.4 28.0 12.0 13.72010 53.3 62.9 43.6 37.9 76.5 42.1 38.8 39.8 38.8 36.1 48.6 62.7 58.1 44.5 25.5 30.3 13.6 15.7

2011 58.7 67.5 47.4 40.9 80.5 44.5 42.8 41.0 41.6 38.6 52.0 64.3 66.1 45.8 30.4 31.6 15.5 17.32012 63.9 71.4 48.6 41.2 79.5 44.9 42.5 40.6 42.0 38.7 47.6 68.1 66.8 49.6 28.6 31.1 16.1 17.02013 65.3 71.1 48.2 42.6 78.6 44.4 40.7 38.8 41.5 38.3 47.0 61.4 61.5 48.1 28.1 31.2 18.2 16.52014 65.8 76.2 47.7 43.7 81.1 46.1 41.6 40.1 42.0 38.3 47.2 60.0 64.9 50.2 27.6 29.9 20.0 16.42015 63.0 75.1 48.6 46.2 80.0 46.4 41.6 40.3 42.8 38.7 44.5 60.6 65.0 52.3 26.0 29.0 18.0 15.32016 59.1 71.8 46.7 46.5 78.4 48.2 42.1 39.6 42.3 38.6 45.8 63.1 65.5 53.4 24.9 30.1 15.3 14.62017 63.0 72.2 48.1 49.4 79.9 50.2 43.6 41.2 44.1 40.4 46.6 64.5 69.0 57.1 29.3 31.6 16.8 15.02018 63.3 72.1 49.6 51.3 80.6 52.0 44.6 43.3 45.0 41.1 45.3 66.7 73.2 59.3 30.6 32.0 18.3 15.32019 60.1 69.4 49.1 51.7 79.7 50.5 44.2 43.6 45.3 41.6 45.1 65.4 75.6 60.7 29.8 32.7 17.2 14.62020 54.8 63.7 46.8 44.4 71.9 46.0 38.8 40.3 41.1 37.9 39.3 50.5 71.0 56.5 24.8 31.0 15.3 13.5

2021 55.3 65.5 47.7 51.2 74.3 47.0 40.3 40.2 42.2 38.8 39.8 56.3 74.9 61.3 25.2 31.1 15.3 14.6


90


41. Imports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 8.5 9.9 : 9.8 11.3 18.5 10.5 11.4 : : : 6.1 : 9.8 8.3 11.2 : : 7.8 : 10.2

1971-1980 5.0 5.3 : 6.5 8.0 6.3 7.0 4.3 : : : 3.5 : 4.3 6.9 6.3 : : 4.2 : 5.5

1981-1990 4.0 4.0 : 5.1 5.0 8.8 4.3 4.8 : : : 5.1 : 3.7 3.9 9.6 : : 4.0 : 4.6

1991 2.9 10.9 : 2.4 5.8 10.3 3.0 1.7 : : : 9.1 : 6.3 5.1 8.4 -22.4 : -13.3 : 5.81992 4.1 3.0 : 8.2 1.1 6.8 1.8 6.4 : : : -3.1 : 2.9 2.1 11.0 -22.9 : 0.7 : 3.71993 -0.4 -6.7 : 7.5 0.6 -5.2 -3.3 -12.0 : : : 5.2 : 0.4 -5.5 -1.5 17.6 -0.4 1.4 : -4.71994 7.3 8.2 11.2 15.5 1.5 11.4 8.9 7.2 : : : 6.7 : 9.0 10.3 10.6 13.1 -4.7 12.8 : 8.71995 4.7 7.0 6.3 16.4 8.9 11.1 7.5 8.8 16.6 : : 4.2 : 10.2 5.9 9.4 11.3 11.6 8.2 : 8.01996 5.6 4.1 7.9 12.8 9.9 7.3 2.4 -1.2 5.9 26.7 29.5 4.5 -5.9 5.3 4.2 5.9 2.4 16.5 7.2 4.1 4.01997 8.2 9.2 29.4 16.6 8.4 12.9 8.0 10.4 1.0 4.5 29.2 11.4 -1.7 10.9 7.3 10.3 11.7 9.5 11.9 9.7 9.71998 5.1 9.4 13.0 27.8 18.2 14.0 11.9 9.0 1.0 16.8 6.4 13.8 2.5 8.3 5.8 14.6 10.1 -1.8 8.5 10.2 10.31999 3.4 8.9 -5.7 12.6 14.5 13.7 7.0 4.5 2.9 -5.2 -14.5 12.9 10.1 9.8 4.1 9.0 8.4 -3.7 4.3 7.8 8.02000 13.0 10.8 -5.4 21.7 20.2 9.6 15.4 11.0 9.4 2.7 6.6 13.7 10.4 11.3 10.2 5.5 6.6 6.3 14.9 12.1 12.2

1991-2000 5.3 6.4 : 13.9 8.7 9.1 6.1 4.4 : : : 7.7 : 7.4 4.9 8.2 2.6 : 5.3 : 6.5

2001 -0.8 0.8 12.4 13.1 1.0 3.7 2.4 2.4 0.3 15.6 19.7 6.6 -9.2 2.5 5.2 1.0 3.6 18.9 1.4 2.5 2.32002 1.1 -2.6 13.3 5.3 -3.4 3.7 1.9 0.6 -1.0 2.7 20.1 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.3 -0.3 5.6 5.5 4.3 0.5 0.42003 1.5 5.6 14.0 -2.4 7.4 6.0 0.9 0.7 -0.5 11.9 9.6 4.7 4.6 2.0 3.5 -0.2 6.5 8.1 4.1 3.0 2.92004 6.3 7.8 16.1 1.9 4.4 9.7 6.2 4.6 7.4 21.0 15.5 11.6 -1.2 6.4 8.0 7.4 14.0 22.6 8.1 7.0 6.82005 6.4 5.9 16.7 12.7 0.9 7.0 6.3 3.4 1.0 16.9 20.3 5.8 6.0 5.4 5.5 2.2 7.3 14.9 11.2 6.1 5.92006 5.1 11.1 20.7 9.3 13.3 8.2 5.6 8.0 5.7 21.4 14.3 12.4 18.4 7.7 5.9 7.6 12.4 19.2 6.6 8.5 8.32007 5.6 6.2 13.0 9.4 15.5 8.2 5.8 5.5 9.6 17.3 10.8 6.7 8.1 7.8 5.6 5.6 17.1 9.7 7.4 6.9 6.72008 3.8 2.3 -6.2 -2.8 1.3 -5.5 1.3 -4.0 13.0 -10.7 12.2 9.2 19.5 -0.7 1.0 2.2 4.1 4.1 8.0 0.4 0.32009 -10.9 -9.7 -30.6 -1.7 -20.4 -18.3 -9.4 -13.1 -15.3 -31.7 -28.0 -13.7 0.3 -7.8 -11.9 -9.5 -18.4 -18.9 -17.0 -11.4 -11.02010 9.7 12.9 21.3 0.4 -3.4 6.2 8.9 12.2 10.8 12.4 16.5 12.2 7.6 8.5 12.0 7.8 6.6 16.6 6.3 9.7 9.6

2001-2010 2.6 3.9 7.8 4.4 1.2 2.5 2.9 1.8 2.8 6.3 10.1 5.4 5.2 3.1 3.3 2.3 5.4 9.4 3.7 3.2 3.1

2011 5.6 7.3 27.2 2.7 -9.4 -0.6 5.8 0.6 -2.6 22.0 14.2 5.3 -0.5 3.9 6.0 -6.2 5.3 7.8 6.2 4.3 4.12012 -0.7 0.1 9.7 -0.9 -9.1 -5.8 0.2 -8.1 -3.6 5.4 5.2 4.8 5.0 2.2 0.9 -6.3 -3.5 2.1 1.1 -1.2 -1.42013 -0.2 2.7 2.4 1.0 -2.4 -0.2 2.4 -2.7 -4.6 0.4 5.8 5.1 0.0 2.2 0.7 4.7 2.1 5.6 0.1 1.4 1.32014 5.5 3.9 3.0 14.6 7.7 6.8 4.9 3.5 7.6 3.0 -1.7 19.5 0.2 3.3 3.0 7.9 4.2 4.5 -0.9 4.9 5.02015 3.9 5.8 -1.9 33.2 0.4 5.1 5.9 6.5 8.1 1.7 9.4 3.4 18.1 14.5 3.6 8.0 4.3 8.5 2.0 7.7 7.72016 7.5 4.3 6.0 18.4 0.3 2.6 2.9 3.9 9.0 3.8 4.0 1.6 1.6 -2.0 3.7 5.0 6.7 4.8 5.8 4.1 4.12017 4.4 5.2 4.2 1.1 7.1 6.6 3.9 6.1 12.8 8.4 11.5 0.6 -0.5 6.2 5.0 8.1 10.1 3.9 4.1 5.0 4.92018 2.1 3.6 5.7 -2.9 4.2 3.3 1.2 3.4 2.4 6.4 6.0 -0.3 3.4 3.3 4.6 5.7 6.6 5.0 5.5 2.8 2.62019 1.2 1.9 3.7 35.6 2.5 1.2 2.2 -0.4 1.5 2.3 6.7 0.9 2.1 3.1 2.8 5.2 4.2 2.6 2.2 3.8 3.82020 -10.2 -9.2 -10.8 -27.7 -18.0 -21.1 -11.8 -13.6 -15.2 -8.3 -12.0 -12.0 -7.2 -11.2 -10.8 -10.3 -11.4 -12.6 -8.6 -12.9 -13.0

2011-2020 1.8 2.5 4.5 6.0 -2.0 -0.5 1.6 -0.3 1.2 4.3 4.7 2.6 2.0 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.7 3.1 1.7 1.8 1.8

2021 8.1 8.6 7.2 8.4 15.8 12.4 10.6 12.2 13.7 8.0 12.8 8.8 10.8 8.0 9.0 10.3 14.8 13.3 8.1 9.7 9.5


91


41. Imports of goods and services at 2015 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 8.3 : : : : 7.2 : 8.7 : : : : 7.0 3.8 14.5 7.5

1971-1980 : : 3.0 : : : : 2.4 : 5.0 : : : : 8.3 3.4 5.4 3.8

1981-1990 : : 4.0 : : : : 3.9 : 4.6 : : : : 9.9 5.3 6.1 6.9

1991 : -31.8 4.0 : : 29.7 -31.8 -4.9 : 3.9 : : : : -5.2 -4.5 -1.1 -0.21992 : 26.0 -0.1 : 0.7 1.8 1.3 1.6 : 3.9 : : : : 10.9 6.6 -1.1 7.01993 : 18.8 -1.4 : 20.0 13.1 4.4 -2.7 : -3.5 : : : : 35.8 3.1 -1.3 8.61994 : 9.5 13.3 : 8.8 11.3 -1.2 12.9 : 8.5 : : : : -21.9 5.7 8.2 11.91995 : 20.1 6.8 : 22.3 24.2 29.7 7.1 : 7.5 : : : : 29.6 5.3 12.9 8.01996 -1.3 11.8 3.1 10.1 7.0 27.2 9.0 3.5 4.5 4.7 : : -8.6 65.4 20.5 9.2 11.0 8.71997 -0.4 5.8 9.2 29.1 24.0 21.3 10.5 12.3 10.2 9.4 -8.7 : 26.4 32.9 22.4 7.0 0.3 13.51998 -2.2 5.5 7.6 -10.8 22.6 18.6 11.5 11.3 10.3 9.8 19.0 : 7.4 -8.9 2.3 7.4 -6.7 11.71999 16.5 4.8 2.5 -3.2 13.3 1.1 -4.3 5.1 7.4 7.7 15.4 : 0.1 -33.4 -3.6 7.2 3.6 11.32000 -9.7 14.5 13.7 7.1 23.2 15.5 -8.2 11.7 12.2 11.8 49.5 : 26.8 25.6 22.0 9.5 9.3 12.9

1991-2000 : 7.2 5.8 : : 16.0 0.9 5.6 : 6.3 : : : : 9.9 5.6 3.3 9.3

2001 12.6 11.2 2.4 11.9 5.8 -5.3 23.5 -1.6 2.4 2.7 15.2 : -9.7 71.3 -24.1 5.6 1.0 -2.82002 6.3 4.8 6.4 18.2 8.7 2.8 10.7 -1.2 1.0 1.3 9.8 : 8.5 27.6 21.0 5.3 0.7 3.62003 15.2 8.6 -1.0 11.7 9.4 9.6 18.4 3.9 3.5 2.8 5.1 : -5.9 18.2 23.2 2.2 3.4 4.92004 26.2 26.1 7.2 5.2 17.3 8.1 24.9 6.8 7.6 6.7 8.2 : 21.4 30.9 21.2 6.4 8.1 11.42005 14.3 12.8 11.4 5.2 7.9 6.3 19.7 7.0 6.5 6.2 16.2 : 9.7 -4.0 12.1 6.9 6.1 6.52006 15.9 11.5 14.0 8.3 15.5 18.1 26.7 8.4 9.3 8.7 8.7 : 9.4 19.0 7.3 10.0 4.7 6.62007 22.6 12.9 5.8 6.1 14.0 15.8 41.3 7.7 7.8 5.2 19.4 43.8 15.0 21.4 9.6 -3.0 2.2 2.52008 4.9 3.2 4.8 3.8 6.0 9.5 11.2 3.5 1.3 0.2 3.6 17.4 5.1 10.1 -2.8 -1.9 0.7 -2.22009 -21.5 -11.0 -11.9 -20.3 -14.5 -12.4 -20.8 -14.4 -11.8 -10.7 -1.1 -27.8 -12.3 -21.9 -14.3 -7.8 -15.7 -13.12010 -0.9 14.7 0.5 -3.0 9.9 14.3 12.6 11.4 9.7 9.2 -0.6 -3.1 10.4 -0.1 19.5 8.1 11.2 13.1

2001-2010 8.7 9.1 3.7 4.2 7.6 6.3 15.7 2.9 3.5 3.1 8.3 : 4.6 15.0 6.0 3.0 2.0 2.8

2011 9.9 6.7 7.4 3.2 4.3 5.8 10.1 7.3 4.7 4.0 6.2 0.3 8.0 7.2 15.4 1.5 5.8 5.62012 5.6 2.7 2.7 -2.9 -3.5 -0.3 -1.8 0.8 -1.0 -0.8 -6.7 0.6 8.2 -0.6 0.7 1.8 5.4 2.72013 4.3 0.1 1.5 3.3 4.3 1.7 8.8 0.0 1.5 1.5 -0.6 -3.1 2.2 6.5 8.0 3.4 3.3 1.52014 5.2 10.1 3.9 3.2 11.0 10.0 8.7 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.3 1.6 14.1 5.1 -0.4 3.6 8.3 5.02015 4.8 6.8 4.6 9.4 6.0 6.6 8.0 5.7 7.4 7.2 -2.9 4.4 9.9 4.0 1.7 5.4 0.8 5.32016 5.2 2.8 3.7 6.5 3.4 7.6 16.5 3.8 4.4 4.1 6.9 15.3 11.1 6.7 3.7 4.4 -1.6 2.02017 7.4 5.9 4.3 8.4 8.2 9.8 10.8 4.8 5.3 4.7 8.4 8.4 5.2 11.1 10.3 3.5 3.4 4.72018 5.7 5.9 3.6 7.5 6.8 7.6 9.1 3.6 3.3 2.6 2.4 9.2 9.1 11.6 -7.8 2.0 3.4 4.42019 2.4 1.7 0.1 4.8 6.9 2.7 8.0 1.8 3.7 3.8 2.7 2.1 9.0 9.5 -3.6 4.6 -0.8 1.02020 -12.5 -13.0 -8.8 -21.2 -15.0 -10.6 -14.4 -11.5 -12.8 -12.4 -16.7 -26.1 -9.2 -9.4 -24.5 -9.9 -11.8 -12.9

2011-2020 3.6 2.8 2.2 1.8 3.0 3.9 6.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 0.1 0.7 6.6 5.0 -0.2 1.9 1.5 1.8

2021 6.8 9.6 8.1 23.4 10.1 8.9 9.8 5.1 9.5 8.9 5.1 16.0 10.6 16.7 5.2 6.1 2.0 13.2


92


42. Intra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 18.6 5.3 : 20.1 7.3 2.2 3.5 4.4 : : : : 18.4 : : 8.1 : : :

1965 23.8 7.9 : 24.1 8.6 6.1 5.0 4.6 : : : : 21.9 : 14.3 9.7 : : 11.8

1970 28.8 8.9 : 26.6 8.5 5.1 7.5 6.7 : : : : 23.5 : 15.8 11.1 : : 14.4

1975 32.8 9.7 : 29.0 9.2 5.3 8.2 8.1 : : : : 20.8 : 15.5 9.0 : : 14.4

1980 37.3 12.0 : 37.9 8.3 4.9 10.0 10.4 : : : : 22.8 : 19.4 13.6 : : 14.0

1985 46.9 13.8 : 31.9 10.8 6.5 11.3 10.1 : : : : 27.8 : 19.2 13.6 : : 12.1

1990 45.2 12.9 : 30.7 13.7 9.8 13.0 9.5 : : : : 27.1 : 22.3 22.3 : : 12.8

1991 44.6 12.9 : 29.9 13.0 9.7 13.1 9.0 : : : : 26.1 : 21.9 22.0 : : 11.21992 41.8 11.9 : 28.9 13.6 9.7 12.6 9.0 : : : : 25.4 : 20.9 21.5 : : 12.81993 36.8 9.8 : 27.3 12.8 9.6 11.0 8.3 : : : : 23.0 : 18.9 19.1 : : 13.21994 37.4 10.2 : 29.5 12.5 11.1 12.0 9.3 : : : : 24.4 : 19.8 19.9 : : 14.01995 39.4 10.8 : 30.2 13.3 12.6 12.4 10.7 : : : : 21.5 : 20.9 20.3 : : 14.31996 42.4 11.1 : 30.1 12.5 13.1 12.5 9.7 : : : : 26.1 : 21.5 21.9 : : 15.51997 44.7 11.9 : 29.2 12.2 12.9 12.9 10.3 : : : : 26.8 : 22.7 22.8 : : 16.01998 46.4 12.4 : 29.5 13.7 15.6 13.8 10.7 : : : : 25.9 : 23.4 24.2 : : 16.11999 46.2 14.3 43.7 29.8 14.3 14.9 14.5 11.6 16.8 29.9 25.5 41.6 26.4 46.0 27.1 24.7 36.5 40.6 16.42000 53.1 16.2 52.7 32.3 16.5 17.7 16.7 12.8 18.4 29.9 24.9 44.4 27.9 51.0 29.6 25.8 40.9 43.4 18.3

2001 54.3 16.2 45.6 31.0 15.6 16.9 16.1 12.6 19.0 31.9 27.1 47.2 26.1 40.3 30.6 24.9 39.7 49.7 17.52002 55.9 15.5 44.7 27.3 14.6 16.1 15.1 12.2 18.6 32.7 29.8 44.4 25.5 40.3 29.7 23.8 37.6 48.7 17.02003 54.4 16.0 42.5 20.6 14.4 15.9 15.2 12.0 16.8 33.4 28.7 42.3 25.1 40.6 31.3 22.7 37.4 49.3 16.92004 56.4 16.7 50.6 21.0 14.9 16.4 15.5 12.3 22.1 37.1 34.7 43.8 25.8 44.0 33.2 22.4 44.2 54.5 17.52005 59.6 17.6 55.4 21.6 14.4 16.1 15.5 12.4 23.4 38.4 35.4 43.8 26.3 44.1 32.6 25.1 46.9 55.1 19.12006 61.6 19.3 58.8 21.6 14.6 16.1 16.2 13.2 23.3 40.8 40.2 45.1 27.7 45.0 32.8 26.1 50.3 59.2 20.42007 61.7 19.9 54.9 21.7 15.5 16.6 16.5 13.4 24.7 38.2 41.9 40.5 28.5 45.0 33.5 26.2 51.5 58.7 20.42008 63.0 20.2 52.3 21.3 15.2 15.3 16.7 12.8 25.9 34.0 37.2 42.8 29.4 44.9 33.6 26.8 50.1 55.6 19.92009 51.7 17.6 41.1 17.3 12.8 12.3 14.5 10.9 21.8 28.2 28.8 35.1 25.0 39.2 27.9 23.0 39.6 46.7 15.62010 56.2 19.6 49.8 18.7 12.1 13.6 15.8 12.6 23.5 37.7 35.7 37.4 28.4 40.6 31.6 24.9 45.3 53.6 17.7

2011 60.4 21.3 57.0 20.4 12.2 14.5 16.9 13.2 21.8 44.9 41.5 39.2 30.6 48.8 34.3 24.8 49.7 59.3 18.82012 59.8 20.8 60.7 20.2 11.9 13.8 16.9 12.5 20.2 47.4 43.0 37.0 31.8 55.2 33.4 23.9 49.5 60.4 18.62013 57.5 20.5 59.9 20.7 12.3 13.9 16.5 12.4 18.6 47.1 45.2 34.1 31.1 43.0 32.6 24.1 48.3 61.4 18.92014 55.0 20.3 55.8 21.3 13.0 15.0 16.2 12.5 22.3 46.0 46.5 32.3 30.3 37.8 31.6 25.5 46.9 61.5 19.02015 51.0 20.5 51.4 17.5 13.0 15.9 16.2 13.1 22.6 43.1 46.1 29.2 30.7 37.7 31.4 25.7 48.4 64.8 18.82016 50.8 20.2 50.9 17.7 13.7 15.6 16.1 13.2 24.8 41.8 45.2 27.9 30.0 31.2 31.1 25.6 48.5 66.7 18.52017 52.4 21.0 50.4 18.2 14.5 16.0 16.6 13.9 24.7 44.1 47.7 29.7 31.7 29.3 32.5 27.1 51.5 68.3 19.82018 54.1 21.6 47.7 18.0 15.4 16.2 16.7 14.2 25.0 43.0 47.1 29.7 32.2 31.3 33.0 28.0 52.6 70.0 20.02019 51.6 21.4 44.8 16.8 15.8 15.5 16.4 14.0 24.8 42.5 45.3 28.6 31.7 35.2 32.3 28.9 51.7 69.1 19.52020 47.4 20.2 41.2 14.2 10.7 14.0 14.6 12.8 19.0 40.7 42.5 26.3 29.1 30.2 30.0 25.6 45.6 62.3 18.5

2021 47.7 20.6 41.4 14.2 14.3 14.6 15.2 13.5 22.6 40.8 43.5 26.9 30.5 33.8 31.0 27.2 48.2 65.6 19.0


93


42. Intra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics


BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-28 EU-15 2)

1960 : : 15.4 : : : : : :

1965 : : 17.2 : : : : 11.3 : 8.0

1970 : : 17.8 : : : : 12.1 : 9.6

1975 : : 16.8 : : : : 13.8 : 10.9

1980 : : 18.3 : : : : 14.2 : 12.5

1985 : : 18.9 : : : : 16.1 : 13.8

1990 : : 16.2 : : : : 13.8 : 13.8

1991 : : 16.4 : : : : 12.0 : 13.31992 : : 15.9 : : : : 11.7 : 13.01993 : : 15.1 : : : : 13.4 : 11.91994 : : 16.2 : : : : 14.9 : 12.81995 : : 17.8 : : : : 16.8 : 13.51996 : : 17.0 : : : : 15.8 : 13.81997 : : 18.2 : : : : 16.7 : 14.21998 : : 18.6 : : : : 17.6 : 14.81999 22.1 33.7 18.9 : 41.0 19.5 20.0 18.0 : 15.72000 26.0 39.0 20.0 : 45.1 19.7 22.9 19.0 : 17.4

2001 29.2 40.2 20.0 : 41.3 18.4 25.8 18.4 : 17.22002 27.8 35.9 21.0 28.6 36.3 19.4 26.5 17.9 17.4 16.82003 29.7 37.1 19.3 29.9 36.2 21.9 28.3 18.0 17.4 16.62004 31.5 47.1 19.2 28.3 39.9 26.4 28.7 18.9 18.1 17.12005 32.7 45.7 20.3 27.8 41.3 25.0 26.0 20.2 18.6 17.62006 34.6 48.3 21.8 28.6 47.7 26.9 26.6 21.1 19.8 18.62007 39.6 50.0 22.3 27.7 47.6 28.3 28.7 22.3 20.1 18.72008 38.4 46.1 22.1 27.8 46.9 27.9 27.2 22.4 20.4 19.02009 27.2 39.6 18.0 21.2 40.7 24.6 22.8 18.6 17.4 16.32010 29.7 45.7 18.0 20.2 45.7 26.3 27.1 20.1 19.4 18.1

2011 33.8 49.7 19.5 22.5 50.5 27.9 30.3 21.1 20.8 19.32012 35.6 51.4 19.7 23.1 52.5 26.9 30.2 20.1 20.5 19.02013 36.8 52.9 19.9 25.4 53.0 27.3 29.1 18.9 20.4 18.82014 37.6 57.4 19.6 30.1 56.1 28.5 29.3 19.2 20.3 18.62015 37.1 58.5 19.6 32.3 56.6 29.1 30.3 19.2 20.2 18.42016 35.7 57.7 19.5 32.7 57.2 30.6 30.5 19.4 20.3 18.52017 37.0 58.8 19.6 34.8 57.6 31.7 30.5 20.3 21.3 19.32018 36.4 57.7 20.2 35.9 57.7 32.1 30.2 21.5 21.7 19.72019 34.7 54.8 19.7 37.0 54.7 30.4 28.8 21.0 21.3 19.32020 32.0 49.6 18.6 30.9 50.1 27.2 25.0 18.5 19.5 17.8

2021 32.9 51.5 18.9 36.2 51.4 28.0 26.2 18.6 20.1 18.4


94


43. Extra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 14.1 8.1 : 11.2 8.8 3.3 6.4 7.3 : : : : 15.4 : : 7.4 : :

1965 11.6 6.7 : 9.7 6.1 5.5 5.1 6.1 : : : : 10.9 : 6.4 7.7 : : 7.2

1970 13.0 6.6 : 8.7 6.4 6.3 5.4 6.5 : : : : 11.6 : 7.2 7.8 : : 9.0

1975 13.6 7.2 : 10.3 9.5 8.5 6.8 8.9 : : : : 14.7 : 7.8 9.4 : : 11.4

1980 19.2 9.9 : 12.6 10.4 9.7 9.2 10.5 : : : : 17.1 : 10.3 14.6 : : 15.0

1985 17.7 10.2 : 14.2 10.4 9.9 8.1 10.0 : : : : 17.1 : 10.8 14.6 : : 11.4

1990 12.8 8.7 : 11.4 6.5 6.6 5.4 5.9 : : : : 11.6 : 7.3 9.3 : : 6.2

1991 12.6 7.9 : 11.6 7.4 7.0 5.1 5.6 : : : : 12.1 : 7.3 7.8 : : 5.81992 11.0 7.2 : 11.1 6.0 6.1 4.6 5.1 : : : : 10.3 : 6.8 6.9 : : 5.91993 13.7 6.8 : 14.1 5.8 6.0 4.3 5.6 : : : : 9.1 : 6.3 6.6 : : 7.11994 16.5 7.0 : 14.5 5.2 6.2 4.8 5.9 : : : : 10.0 : 7.2 7.2 : : 8.41995 15.5 6.8 : 15.9 5.6 5.7 5.5 6.8 : : : : 14.1 : 6.6 6.8 : : 6.81996 15.0 6.9 : 14.5 6.8 5.7 5.6 6.1 : : : : 15.9 : 7.4 6.6 : : 7.31997 21.2 8.2 : 16.4 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.6 : : : : 18.9 : 8.2 7.1 : : 8.91998 20.5 8.6 : 18.4 7.2 6.5 6.6 6.5 : : : : 18.7 : 8.4 6.8 : : 8.41999 17.7 7.3 15.9 17.6 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.0 11.7 9.5 16.8 8.9 19.7 23.6 5.7 6.6 8.1 13.8 7.32000 21.8 9.4 22.0 18.7 8.9 8.4 8.1 8.1 13.0 10.3 20.5 8.5 24.4 33.1 7.1 7.9 9.4 18.3 9.0

2001 21.1 8.8 23.1 15.3 8.6 7.7 7.7 7.6 13.2 10.0 22.4 10.7 22.3 22.0 7.2 7.6 9.1 19.2 7.72002 20.8 8.1 20.2 13.4 9.0 7.2 6.9 7.1 13.7 9.5 22.6 8.9 20.7 18.8 6.8 6.0 8.7 17.8 7.32003 19.5 8.2 22.9 12.2 9.4 7.0 6.4 6.8 11.0 10.8 22.4 12.3 20.6 18.9 6.7 5.9 9.3 16.8 7.82004 21.0 8.7 18.0 10.9 8.5 7.7 6.7 7.3 9.7 11.9 19.9 13.9 22.7 16.1 6.6 6.6 7.3 14.5 8.52005 23.0 9.7 17.2 10.8 8.9 9.0 7.4 8.3 10.4 12.6 24.1 16.6 26.8 14.0 7.6 7.3 9.2 15.6 9.52006 24.6 11.0 20.2 9.9 10.0 10.0 7.2 9.5 10.6 12.5 23.8 18.8 29.1 18.7 8.0 7.8 10.8 19.4 11.52007 25.7 10.9 14.9 9.3 11.1 9.8 7.2 9.7 11.0 11.1 19.4 14.5 29.5 15.8 8.4 8.0 14.2 19.8 11.42008 27.1 11.5 13.2 9.1 11.9 10.5 7.8 10.5 12.2 11.0 27.4 14.5 31.7 13.9 9.1 9.0 16.3 20.4 12.22009 21.8 9.6 10.0 9.1 9.6 7.4 6.4 7.9 8.3 9.2 19.9 14.0 25.9 13.1 7.7 6.3 13.0 15.6 8.42010 25.1 11.4 12.6 9.7 9.8 9.4 7.3 10.2 9.8 11.8 27.4 9.2 32.1 17.3 8.9 7.7 17.2 20.2 9.9

2011 28.8 12.2 17.6 10.3 11.0 11.0 8.2 11.2 9.7 12.9 31.6 8.9 35.0 17.3 10.0 9.0 19.2 21.6 11.82012 28.7 11.9 17.3 11.2 13.2 11.7 8.3 10.9 9.0 13.2 31.6 11.1 38.2 16.4 10.3 9.6 19.2 21.6 11.02013 29.1 11.2 13.1 10.0 13.1 11.2 7.8 10.0 7.8 11.8 29.7 9.1 36.1 17.5 10.0 9.4 20.6 21.5 9.62014 29.7 10.7 12.5 10.5 13.1 11.2 7.5 9.4 12.3 11.2 24.4 8.1 35.8 22.5 9.5 8.6 21.0 19.1 8.92015 30.2 10.8 11.6 9.0 10.8 10.2 7.2 9.2 13.0 11.2 22.0 11.2 36.2 18.8 9.5 7.9 20.8 17.6 7.02016 28.9 10.3 11.4 9.3 10.3 9.6 6.9 8.5 12.7 10.2 18.4 8.1 34.0 25.0 8.8 7.3 19.9 16.6 6.82017 28.9 10.7 11.8 9.6 11.7 10.8 7.3 9.2 16.0 12.0 19.8 6.0 37.2 17.8 9.5 8.4 22.7 17.1 7.82018 29.6 10.9 14.6 10.2 13.9 11.3 7.5 9.9 18.4 14.5 21.3 4.2 38.4 12.1 9.5 8.9 25.6 17.8 8.52019 28.8 10.7 12.6 8.7 13.9 11.1 7.6 9.6 12.5 12.4 20.6 5.1 38.3 12.6 9.1 8.9 30.1 16.4 7.92020 25.4 10.1 11.3 7.4 14.6 8.8 6.9 8.9 13.3 11.7 19.9 4.7 36.7 11.0 8.1 9.2 28.5 15.1 7.5

2021 26.2 10.0 11.4 7.2 14.4 9.3 7.2 9.1 12.8 11.8 20.1 4.7 36.6 12.3 8.2 9.4 31.2 15.6 7.7


95


43. Extra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 : : 12.8 : : : : : :

1965 : : 8.7 : : : : 6.5 : 7.4

1970 : : 8.0 : : : : 6.7 : 7.5

1975 : : 8.8 : : : : 8.4 : 8.9

1980 : : 9.0 : : : : 9.8 : 10.6

1985 : : 9.9 : : : : 9.0 : 10.2

1990 : : 6.4 : : : : 6.9 : 7.4

1991 : : 6.5 : : : : 6.2 : 7.11992 : : 7.1 : : : : 5.8 : 6.61993 : : 5.5 : : : : 6.6 : 6.61994 : : 5.4 : : : : 7.7 : 7.01995 : : 5.5 : : : : 6.1 : 7.41996 : : 5.5 : : : : 5.5 : 7.41997 : : 7.7 : : : : 7.9 : 8.71998 : : 7.8 : : : : 7.8 : 8.71999 18.1 10.3 6.8 : 16.1 7.5 9.0 7.2 : 8.12000 23.1 12.8 7.7 : 22.9 8.8 12.2 8.8 : 10.1

2001 21.9 13.6 7.5 : 21.2 8.0 12.7 7.9 : 9.62002 20.3 13.5 7.1 11.3 19.4 8.4 12.3 7.3 9.0 8.82003 21.5 14.8 7.0 11.1 19.8 9.5 13.2 7.0 8.8 8.62004 23.6 11.5 7.9 11.5 18.2 8.6 14.8 7.3 9.2 9.02005 19.3 10.4 8.3 13.0 17.6 8.2 15.1 8.5 10.2 10.12006 21.7 11.6 8.4 14.0 20.0 9.9 15.3 9.2 11.1 11.02007 27.7 12.3 8.3 15.2 20.6 10.3 11.5 9.1 11.2 10.92008 29.0 13.8 8.7 15.7 21.5 10.9 11.8 10.0 12.1 11.92009 18.0 11.1 7.7 12.6 18.3 9.2 8.3 8.8 10.0 9.92010 20.9 15.3 7.8 13.3 21.5 10.8 10.2 9.9 11.9 11.7

2011 23.0 16.9 8.2 13.9 21.9 11.9 11.3 9.8 13.1 12.82012 25.0 16.8 8.3 13.8 21.8 12.8 10.8 9.8 13.3 13.12013 24.8 16.0 8.4 12.5 20.9 12.3 9.3 8.6 12.4 12.12014 23.3 16.8 8.6 9.4 18.5 12.4 9.6 8.7 12.0 11.72015 20.6 17.2 8.6 9.2 17.3 12.1 9.0 8.2 11.6 11.42016 18.1 15.6 7.8 9.8 16.4 11.7 9.0 7.9 11.4 11.22017 20.8 16.5 8.5 10.0 18.1 12.5 9.7 8.1 12.0 11.82018 20.8 17.7 8.6 10.3 19.4 13.7 10.2 9.2 12.4 12.22019 20.1 17.5 8.3 9.4 19.8 13.9 9.8 8.9 12.5 12.22020 18.1 17.1 8.2 7.9 18.1 13.1 8.6 8.0 11.6 11.3

2021 17.8 16.8 8.2 9.6 18.6 13.2 8.6 7.9 11.7 11.4


96


44. Balance on current transactions with the rest of the world (National accounts)



1960 0.2 1.6 : -0.1 -0.4 3.8 1.9 0.8 : : : : : 3.0 -1.1 -2.5 : : -0.9 : :

1965 1.0 -1.3 : -4.4 -4.6 -3.8 0.9 3.3 : : : : : 0.1 -0.5 -3.4 : : -2.3 : :

1970 2.9 1.1 : -4.0 -1.8 0.2 -0.1 0.7 : : : : : 1.2 0.6 -1.9 : : -2.4 : :

1975 0.0 1.2 : -1.5 0.5 -2.9 0.1 -0.1 : : : : : 3.9 -0.1 -5.8 : : -7.5 : :

1980 -4.0 -1.8 : -11.7 1.9 -2.5 -2.0 -2.2 : : : : : 0.1 -4.5 -8.6 : : -3.0 : :

1985 0.4 2.8 : -3.8 -3.2 1.2 -1.7 -0.9 : : : : : 3.4 -1.1 -4.3 : : -1.5 : :

1990 1.5 3.7 : -1.8 -2.9 -3.8 -1.6 -1.5 : 0.1 : : : 2.5 -0.8 -5.9 2.4 : -5.0 : :

1991 0.4

1991 2.0 -1.4 : -0.4 -2.1 -3.7 -1.5 -1.9 : : : : : 3.0 -2.2 -7.5 8.5 : -5.4 : : 1992 2.7 -1.2 : 0.4 -0.2 -3.7 -0.3 -2.3 : 12.7 : : : 2.3 -2.5 -6.9 7.3 : -4.7 : : 1993 4.4 -0.9 1.2 3.7 -0.8 -1.2 0.8 0.8 : 17.8 -3.1 : : 4.4 -1.4 -5.5 2.2 -4.1 -1.4 : : 1994 5.6 -1.5 -6.8 2.9 1.3 -1.6 0.4 1.2 : 5.0 : : : 5.3 -2.9 -7.2 3.9 5.3 0.9 : : 1995 5.0 -1.2 -4.5 2.6 -3.4 -1.2 0.6 1.9 -1.1 -2.8 -9.2 10.7 -10.3 6.2 -2.6 -3.4 -1.9 -0.4 3.9 0.4 0.41996 4.2 -0.7 -8.7 2.9 -5.2 -0.9 1.3 2.8 -0.5 -6.8 -8.6 10.6 -11.1 5.8 -2.8 -4.5 -1.4 -11.8 3.6 0.8 0.81997 5.1 -0.5 -11.3 2.8 -3.5 -0.7 2.8 2.6 -5.2 -7.1 -9.7 8.8 -5.9 5.4 -2.5 -6.2 -1.3 -9.8 4.8 1.2 1.31998 4.8 -0.7 -8.8 0.6 -6.7 -1.7 2.7 1.7 6.6 -9.7 -11.5 8.8 -5.8 4.1 -2.0 -7.6 -2.1 -9.5 4.9 0.6 0.71999 5.1 -1.4 -4.3 0.0 -6.5 -3.2 2.9 0.8 -3.1 -9.5 -10.7 5.5 -3.3 5.2 -2.4 -8.8 -4.7 -4.2 6.8 0.3 0.32000 4.3 -1.8 -5.4 0.6 -9.0 -4.3 1.4 -0.3 -5.8 -5.7 -5.8 6.6 -12.0 6.3 -0.7 -10.8 -4.1 -2.2 7.5 -0.4 -0.4

2001 4.5 -0.3 -7.1 0.2 -9.3 -4.4 1.8 0.2 -1.9 -8.4 -4.7 8.1 -3.6 4.3 -0.8 -10.1 -1.3 -6.4 8.2 0.1 0.12002 6.3 1.9 -11.1 0.2 -8.8 -3.7 1.6 -0.5 -3.5 -7.2 -5.2 7.6 2.3 4.9 2.1 -8.6 0.0 -6.5 8.3 0.8 0.92003 6.0 1.4 -12.9 0.5 -11.0 -3.9 1.3 -0.8 -3.4 -8.5 -6.8 3.2 -2.9 6.1 1.5 -6.6 -1.5 -4.8 4.9 0.5 0.52004 4.9 4.5 -11.9 -0.1 -8.7 -5.5 0.9 -0.5 -13.7 -12.9 -7.4 7.1 -4.5 6.6 1.9 -8.2 -3.2 -5.3 5.9 1.1 1.22005 3.9 4.7 -8.6 -3.5 -9.5 -7.3 0.2 -0.9 -15.0 -12.5 -7.0 9.3 -8.0 5.2 2.0 -9.8 -2.3 -6.8 3.2 0.4 0.52006 4.2 5.9 -14.9 -5.4 -12.3 -8.9 0.0 -1.5 -18.9 -21.4 -10.2 1.4 -9.1 7.4 2.8 -10.0 -2.0 -6.2 3.9 0.4 0.52007 4.5 7.0 -14.9 -6.5 -15.6 -9.4 -0.5 -1.4 -28.0 -21.1 -14.9 9.1 -3.0 5.3 3.3 -9.7 -4.4 -3.8 4.1 0.2 0.52008 1.7 5.7 -8.7 -6.2 -15.8 -8.9 -0.7 -2.8 -14.7 -12.7 -13.2 5.6 -2.3 4.3 4.2 -12.2 -5.6 -5.3 2.7 -0.5 -0.32009 2.8 6.0 2.5 -4.7 -12.5 -4.1 -0.4 -1.9 -6.7 7.8 2.1 -2.1 -8.5 5.6 2.4 -9.8 -1.4 -1.9 2.0 0.7 0.72010 2.2 5.9 1.8 -1.2 -11.3 -3.7 -0.8 -3.3 -10.7 1.9 0.2 5.0 -6.3 7.0 3.3 -10.3 -1.1 -3.3 1.5 0.6 0.7

2011 -1.0 6.3 1.3 -1.6 -10.3 -2.7 -1.2 -2.8 -2.3 -3.1 -3.7 1.1 -2.0 8.6 2.2 -5.1 -1.0 -3.7 -1.5 0.9 1.02012 1.0 7.2 -1.9 -3.4 -4.2 0.1 -1.2 -0.2 -3.9 -3.5 -1.6 -0.3 -0.4 10.2 1.9 -1.8 0.9 2.6 -2.1 2.3 2.42013 1.8 6.6 0.3 1.6 -2.2 2.0 -1.0 1.1 -1.5 -2.5 1.7 -1.4 0.1 10.1 1.9 1.0 2.3 3.1 -2.0 2.8 2.92014 1.5 7.4 0.7 1.1 -2.1 1.7 -1.2 1.9 -4.1 -2.3 3.5 -1.0 5.8 9.5 2.5 -0.1 5.1 2.6 -1.4 3.1 3.12015 1.4 8.6 1.8 4.4 -0.2 2.0 -0.5 1.4 -0.5 -0.9 -2.4 0.3 2.8 6.3 1.9 0.0 3.9 -0.6 -0.8 3.4 3.52016 0.6 8.6 1.6 -4.2 -1.1 3.2 -0.6 2.6 -4.2 1.4 -1.1 0.2 3.8 8.1 2.9 0.6 4.9 -2.0 -1.9 3.6 3.72017 1.2 8.3 2.7 0.5 -1.0 2.7 -0.6 2.5 -5.1 1.0 0.5 -0.9 11.5 10.8 1.7 1.0 6.4 -1.8 -0.8 3.8 3.82018 -1.0 7.6 2.0 10.6 -1.1 1.9 -0.6 2.5 -4.4 -0.7 0.3 0.0 11.3 11.2 2.4 0.2 6.3 -1.6 -1.6 3.7 3.82019 -0.7 7.6 2.3 -9.4 -0.3 2.0 -0.1 3.0 -5.7 0.6 3.5 4.5 10.7 10.2 2.3 0.0 6.8 -2.6 -0.8 3.3 3.42020 -0.1 6.1 1.1 4.6 0.1 3.2 -0.1 3.4 -10.9 1.1 2.2 4.5 7.6 9.0 0.9 -0.6 6.8 -2.9 -1.3 3.4 3.4

2021 -0.3 7.4 2.2 4.4 -1.2 2.7 -0.4 3.3 -10.1 1.2 2.9 4.5 9.7 8.4 1.6 -0.2 6.8 -2.4 -1.5 3.6 3.7


97


44. Balance on current transactions with the rest of the world (National accounts)



1960 : : -1.1 : : : : 0.3 : : : : : : -1.3 -0.8 0.5 0.8

1965 : : -1.8 : : : : -0.1 : : : : : : -0.8 -0.1 1.1 0.7

1970 : : -3.4 : : : : -0.1 : : : : : : 0.0 1.5 1.0 -0.1

1975 : : -1.6 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : -2.6 -1.5 -0.1 0.4

1980 : : -3.3 : : : : -2.2 : : : : : : -3.6 0.7 -1.1 -1.3

1985 : : -4.3 : : : : 0.0 : : : : : : -1.1 -0.1 3.7 -3.9

1990 : : 0.7 : : : : -1.3 : : : : : : -1.3 -3.1 1.5 -2.9

1991

1991 -4.3 : 0.8 : : -3.8 : -0.7 : : : : : : 0.1 -1.3 2.0 -1.41992 -7.4 : 2.1 : : 0.3 : -1.9 : : : : : : -0.4 -1.5 3.0 -2.51993 -9.4 0.9 2.9 : -8.0 0.2 : -1.8 : : : : : : -2.6 -1.3 3.0 -3.41994 -2.4 -1.3 1.5 : -7.0 2.3 : 0.4 : : : : : : 1.5 -0.5 2.7 -3.51995 8.9 -3.3 0.7 -4.2 -3.7 1.5 -4.9 2.4 0.4 0.3 : : -6.7 : -1.0 -0.7 2.0 -2.61996 0.9 -5.9 1.3 -2.1 -4.0 -0.9 -7.2 2.6 0.7 0.7 -7.9 : -7.7 : -1.0 -0.6 1.4 -2.11997 10.5 -5.4 0.6 -9.3 -4.6 -3.2 -6.2 3.1 1.0 1.1 -13.0 : -7.7 : -1.0 0.0 2.2 -1.71998 5.5 -1.6 -0.7 -4.7 -7.3 -3.7 -7.2 3.3 0.5 0.6 -6.9 : -7.8 : 0.7 -0.5 2.8 -1.71999 -3.6 -2.1 2.2 -5.4 -8.4 -5.0 -4.2 3.5 0.2 -0.1 -1.9 : -1.8 : -0.4 -2.5 2.5 -2.52000 -5.4 -3.7 1.6 -0.9 -8.7 -5.5 -4.1 3.6 -0.4 -0.6 -7.1 : -2.7 : -3.6 -2.3 2.7 -2.9

2001 -5.5 -4.0 3.2 -1.1 -6.5 -2.5 -5.6 3.8 0.1 -0.1 -6.3 : -6.3 -1.6 1.8 -2.1 2.0 -2.62002 -2.4 -4.7 3.0 -5.6 -7.1 -2.2 -3.4 4.2 0.7 0.5 -10.2 : -9.4 -5.9 -0.3 -2.1 2.7 -3.42003 -5.3 -4.4 3.5 -6.7 -8.7 -1.8 -6.2 5.4 0.4 0.3 -7.7 : -3.9 -4.2 -2.4 -1.8 3.1 -4.42004 -6.3 -3.9 3.2 -4.1 -10.5 -6.1 -8.5 5.6 0.9 0.7 -5.8 : -7.9 -10.9 -3.5 -2.3 3.8 -4.92005 -11.4 -2.7 4.2 -5.2 -8.9 -3.2 -8.7 5.8 0.3 0.3 -9.1 -16.6 -2.4 -5.8 -4.2 -1.9 3.6 -5.22006 -17.1 -3.8 3.3 -6.5 -7.8 -4.0 -11.0 7.3 0.2 0.2 -6.1 -31.0 -0.4 -9.3 -5.7 -2.8 3.9 -4.32007 -23.8 -4.7 1.4 -7.0 -7.6 -6.7 -13.6 7.1 -0.1 0.0 -10.7 -39.4 -6.9 -17.3 -5.5 -3.3 4.7 -5.02008 -22.1 -4.9 2.9 -8.7 -7.0 -6.6 -11.4 6.9 -0.8 -0.7 -15.7 -49.5 -12.7 -20.0 -5.1 -3.9 2.9 -5.92009 -8.2 -3.9 3.5 -4.9 -0.7 -3.4 -4.5 5.8 0.6 0.3 -15.4 -27.7 -6.8 -6.3 -1.7 -3.3 2.8 -3.92010 -0.7 -5.1 6.6 -1.0 0.3 -4.8 -5.6 5.8 0.6 0.4 -11.3 -20.3 -2.0 -6.5 -5.7 -3.2 3.9 -3.3

2011 0.6 -4.6 6.6 -0.6 0.6 -4.8 -5.1 4.8 0.8 0.8 -12.9 -14.8 -2.5 -10.3 -8.8 -1.8 2.1 -2.72012 -0.1 -2.2 6.3 0.5 1.6 -3.3 -4.5 5.1 2.1 1.5 -10.2 -15.3 -3.2 -10.9 -5.5 -3.4 1.0 -1.32013 2.0 -1.1 7.8 : 3.5 -0.5 -1.0 4.5 : 1.7 -9.3 -11.4 -1.6 -5.8 -6.6 -4.8 0.9 -1.22014 0.4 -1.2 8.9 : 1.2 -1.3 -0.5 3.8 : 1.9 -10.8 -12.4 -0.5 -5.6 -4.6 -4.7 0.8 -0.52015 0.6 -1.5 8.2 : 2.3 0.2 -1.1 3.2 : 2.0 -8.6 -11.0 -2.0 -3.5 -3.6 -4.9 3.1 -0.92016 5.3 0.1 7.8 : 4.7 0.0 -2.0 2.9 : 2.2 -7.6 -16.2 -2.9 -2.9 -3.8 -5.2 4.0 -1.82017 6.1 0.3 7.8 : 2.3 0.1 -3.4 3.4 : 2.7 -7.5 -16.1 -1.0 -5.2 -5.5 -3.5 4.1 -2.02018 4.7 -0.1 7.0 : -0.3 -0.7 -4.4 2.6 : 2.5 -6.7 -17.0 -0.1 -4.8 -3.6 -3.9 3.5 -2.52019 5.2 0.7 7.9 : -0.9 0.4 -4.6 4.4 : 2.3 -7.6 -15.2 : -6.9 0.2 -3.8 3.5 -2.82020 3.3 -1.5 6.2 : 1.3 0.6 -3.3 3.7 : 2.2 -9.1 -13.8 -3.0 -4.3 -0.5 -4.1 3.6

2021 5.4 -1.0 6.7 : 1.5 0.9 -3.4 4.0 : 2.4 -8.4 -12.9 -3.9 -5.5 1.5 -4.3 3.2


98

Saving

45. Gross national saving



1960 19.4 28.9 : 16.3 13.7 22.7 27.5 22.2 : : : 35.5 : 30.3 27.1 19.6 : : 27.1 : 26.1

1965 24.1 27.2 : 19.4 24.7 24.1 28.1 17.2 : : : 30.7 : 27.1 27.5 22.6 : : 23.7 : 25.1

1970 31.0 29.5 : 20.4 28.4 27.0 28.1 23.9 : : : 40.3 : 29.4 30.3 26.9 : : 29.1 : 28.0

1975 24.4 22.4 : 21.7 31.3 25.6 25.0 21.2 : : : 35.2 : 25.9 25.9 22.5 : : 28.7 : 23.9

1980 20.3 21.9 : 15.9 28.0 21.7 23.8 22.2 : : : 38.9 : 23.0 23.6 27.5 : : 28.7 : 22.7

1985 17.9 22.9 : 13.7 24.0 21.9 19.4 19.8 : : : 37.5 : 24.1 21.3 22.3 : : 26.0 : 21.2

1990 23.9 25.3 : 17.9 20.0 22.8 22.8 18.0 : 23.2 : 41.7 : 26.0 23.9 25.1 19.5 : 25.6 : 22.8

1991 22.8 21.4

1991 23.1 24.3 : 17.5 21.7 22.1 22.1 17.0 : : : 40.0 : 25.6 23.7 20.1 25.4 : 18.5 : 21.91992 23.5 24.1 : 15.5 21.0 20.2 21.7 15.8 : 59.7 : 38.5 : 24.8 22.8 20.5 24.9 : 16.2 : 21.31993 24.6 23.0 24.4 17.6 19.5 20.1 20.3 16.5 : 37.0 16.0 37.0 : 25.0 22.2 18.6 21.5 20.5 16.8 : 21.01994 25.9 22.9 19.3 17.9 20.4 19.9 20.7 16.7 : 31.6 : 36.2 : 26.1 22.2 17.8 24.8 26.3 20.3 : 21.21995 26.8 23.1 22.3 21.8 19.1 21.3 21.2 22.0 25.5 12.9 13.6 31.6 20.8 28.0 24.1 20.8 23.6 23.3 23.6 22.7 22.71996 25.9 22.6 21.2 22.3 18.2 21.4 20.9 22.2 23.8 12.1 12.4 30.2 16.5 28.3 23.7 19.9 23.7 22.3 23.0 22.4 22.51997 27.4 22.9 20.7 24.3 18.9 21.9 22.3 22.1 18.9 13.9 14.9 29.9 18.5 28.3 23.9 20.4 24.9 25.0 26.1 23.0 23.01998 27.2 23.3 22.7 25.5 18.4 22.2 23.4 21.4 25.6 16.0 12.8 32.2 16.5 27.1 24.4 20.7 25.1 24.9 27.3 23.3 23.31999 27.8 22.6 22.0 24.3 17.6 22.3 24.3 21.0 16.8 12.6 10.7 28.6 18.3 28.4 23.7 20.2 24.4 25.1 28.7 23.2 23.32000 28.1 22.7 23.8 24.9 16.8 22.3 23.9 20.6 14.8 18.9 12.9 28.9 14.6 28.9 24.9 18.0 24.8 24.8 30.8 23.2 23.2

2001 27.2 22.6 23.4 23.4 16.4 22.1 24.0 21.0 16.0 19.6 14.3 29.9 14.9 27.0 24.4 18.1 25.4 24.2 31.5 23.1 23.12002 27.0 22.7 22.7 22.5 15.9 23.0 22.9 21.1 16.9 20.7 15.4 27.3 18.0 25.9 26.0 17.3 25.4 23.6 30.4 22.8 22.92003 26.9 21.9 22.4 24.6 16.4 23.6 22.4 20.4 16.2 21.6 15.0 23.6 16.2 26.6 25.7 16.5 25.1 20.8 27.5 22.4 22.52004 27.6 24.4 23.1 25.4 16.6 22.8 22.8 20.8 8.4 20.0 15.3 27.4 14.6 26.9 26.2 15.6 25.6 21.4 29.1 23.3 23.32005 27.6 24.2 25.3 25.7 12.6 22.1 22.6 20.3 7.4 22.5 17.0 30.2 13.3 25.7 25.7 13.6 26.2 22.8 28.2 22.8 22.82006 28.1 26.4 25.2 26.2 13.9 21.7 23.3 20.5 5.7 17.6 16.5 19.6 12.2 28.5 26.7 12.9 28.3 22.3 28.6 23.8 23.82007 29.1 28.3 25.6 22.9 11.6 21.0 23.7 20.9 -3.6 20.3 17.2 28.3 18.0 28.7 28.2 13.4 28.7 24.4 29.9 24.4 24.42008 27.7 27.1 23.5 17.7 8.7 19.6 23.5 19.0 14.2 22.5 14.7 26.3 19.4 26.6 28.7 11.4 27.3 23.1 28.2 23.1 23.12009 25.0 24.5 23.6 14.0 5.8 19.2 20.9 17.6 16.2 29.9 14.5 14.1 12.3 26.3 24.8 11.1 22.0 18.6 23.8 21.1 21.12010 25.4 25.9 23.3 15.8 5.7 18.6 21.1 17.3 13.3 21.8 18.3 22.9 17.3 27.3 25.8 10.8 21.2 20.5 23.8 21.6 21.6

2011 23.5 27.9 26.7 14.8 4.8 17.8 22.0 17.6 16.6 22.2 18.2 20.6 17.4 28.7 26.1 13.5 20.7 21.6 22.8 22.4 22.52012 24.7 26.9 27.3 16.0 8.6 18.5 21.5 17.6 12.3 22.7 18.1 19.0 17.5 29.0 25.8 13.9 19.6 23.2 21.3 22.3 22.32013 24.2 26.6 27.3 20.8 9.4 19.3 21.3 18.0 11.5 21.6 21.2 17.6 19.1 28.6 25.5 15.7 21.9 24.0 20.4 22.5 22.52014 24.6 27.8 27.6 24.0 9.8 19.6 21.5 18.9 9.2 21.0 23.0 18.9 23.5 27.4 26.0 15.2 24.5 24.3 20.7 23.1 23.12015 25.0 28.6 26.6 30.3 10.0 21.0 22.2 18.5 12.6 21.7 18.8 19.6 27.4 28.8 25.7 15.8 23.1 23.7 20.9 23.9 23.92016 24.8 28.9 25.6 34.1 10.4 21.9 22.0 20.2 12.8 22.2 18.1 19.2 27.7 28.5 27.1 16.5 23.3 21.1 21.3 24.4 24.42017 25.3 29.0 28.2 34.3 11.5 22.1 22.8 20.6 14.8 22.9 19.7 17.7 30.7 31.4 26.7 18.2 26.5 21.2 23.1 25.0 25.12018 24.5 29.4 29.2 34.5 12.0 22.3 22.9 20.8 14.7 22.7 20.1 17.5 30.3 31.9 27.6 18.3 27.3 21.8 23.5 25.3 25.32019 24.8 29.0 29.7 33.8 12.2 22.9 23.6 20.9 13.4 22.7 20.6 21.9 30.7 31.4 27.7 18.8 27.4 21.0 23.1 25.4 25.52020 22.9 28.1 27.2 31.2 10.2 21.2 21.6 19.6 8.1 21.3 18.7 20.8 27.1 29.3 25.4 17.4 25.2 18.2 21.2 23.9 24.0

2021 24.6 29.4 28.6 33.9 10.8 21.2 23.1 20.8 9.0 22.1 21.5 21.0 29.2 28.9 26.2 18.5 26.3 19.2 22.2 25.0 25.1


99

Saving

45. Gross national saving



1960 : : 24.9 : : : : 28.8 : 24.6 : : : : 14.7 18.9 33.4 23.4

1965 : : 24.6 : : : : 30.0 : 24.5 : : : : 14.1 21.1 33.0 24.6

1970 : : 23.4 : : : : 28.3 : 27.3 : : : : -4.8 24.5 40.0 21.3

1975 : : 20.8 : : : : 27.2 : 23.1 : : : : 23.9 17.4 32.7 20.7

1980 : : 16.9 : : : : 22.6 : 22.1 : : : : 17.5 19.9 31.3 22.0

1985 : : 17.8 : : : : 24.4 : 21.2 : : : : 24.3 20.6 32.0 20.3

1990 : : 21.5 : : : 21.7 25.3 : 22.4 : : : : 26.6 20.0 34.2 18.7

1991 21.0

1991 : : 20.4 : : 13.7 26.9 22.6 : 21.4 : : : : 23.8 19.0 34.4 18.71992 : : 21.1 : : 13.4 24.5 19.8 : 20.7 : : : : 23.9 17.6 33.7 17.61993 : 28.2 20.3 : 11.9 13.9 26.9 17.6 : 20.3 : : : : 24.0 17.4 32.5 17.01994 : 28.9 20.3 : 15.1 18.7 24.9 21.1 : 20.7 : : : : 22.7 18.3 32.2 17.81995 26.1 30.4 21.4 12.7 19.4 21.2 18.4 23.6 22.7 22.0 : : : : 24.6 17.9 31.9 18.71996 1.2 29.7 21.3 18.0 20.8 20.8 15.9 23.5 22.4 21.8 : : : : 27.9 18.2 32.3 19.61997 19.3 26.9 22.7 16.3 21.7 20.5 15.1 23.9 22.9 22.1 : : 13.3 : 25.8 17.7 32.1 20.81998 23.6 28.7 22.0 16.9 21.5 21.4 11.2 25.3 23.2 22.3 : : 14.4 : 24.6 17.7 31.4 21.31999 15.6 27.0 23.1 15.8 18.7 20.4 11.5 25.6 23.2 21.9 : : 17.9 : 21.0 15.7 29.6 20.92000 12.9 27.8 24.0 19.3 19.4 19.1 15.6 26.8 23.2 22.0 : : 19.2 : 20.2 16.2 30.0 20.7

2001 15.1 27.5 25.0 21.0 19.8 18.0 17.1 27.0 23.1 21.9 : : 11.0 15.7 20.0 16.3 28.6 19.62002 17.3 25.4 24.4 17.8 18.5 16.2 18.8 26.5 22.8 21.7 : : 11.4 13.1 21.0 16.3 27.3 18.32003 16.0 24.6 24.4 18.3 15.9 17.0 17.0 27.7 22.4 21.5 : : 14.1 15.7 20.1 16.1 27.5 17.42004 16.4 25.4 24.8 20.1 16.4 14.1 15.8 27.7 23.1 22.0 : : 13.1 15.3 21.7 15.3 28.1 17.72005 15.6 26.4 26.4 19.3 16.4 16.7 14.2 28.3 22.8 21.8 : : 17.4 15.6 22.8 15.9 28.3 18.12006 14.2 26.2 27.6 20.9 18.0 17.7 16.5 30.9 23.8 22.5 : : 21.0 10.5 23.9 15.4 28.6 19.22007 9.9 27.4 26.7 21.0 16.7 18.5 17.8 32.3 24.3 23.0 : : 16.8 7.6 23.2 15.2 29.2 17.62008 14.8 26.1 26.9 20.3 17.6 18.0 21.7 31.8 23.2 21.9 : : 15.2 6.5 23.8 13.5 27.4 15.22009 20.2 22.6 22.6 18.5 19.5 17.2 22.7 27.1 21.2 19.8 : : 19.0 12.4 21.4 11.6 24.1 13.92010 22.5 22.1 24.6 18.6 20.9 16.5 21.5 29.0 21.7 20.5 : : 22.4 11.1 21.3 12.9 25.2 15.4

2011 22.2 22.3 25.7 17.8 21.0 17.7 23.1 28.9 22.5 21.4 : : 24.4 8.0 22.5 13.9 24.2 16.52012 21.6 23.9 25.7 17.3 20.9 17.7 22.5 27.9 22.4 20.9 : : 25.8 8.4 22.8 12.4 23.6 18.72013 23.0 23.6 27.4 : 24.4 18.5 24.6 27.3 : 20.9 : : 27.2 11.6 23.2 11.5 24.1 19.22014 21.8 24.7 29.0 : 24.7 19.0 24.2 27.6 : 21.4 : : 29.8 10.9 24.4 12.4 24.7 20.32015 21.6 26.4 28.9 : 25.6 20.7 24.0 27.7 : 21.9 : : 28.5 15.1 24.8 12.5 27.1 20.22016 24.0 26.1 29.5 : 26.0 19.6 21.3 27.6 : 22.5 : : 29.7 15.0 24.4 12.2 27.4 18.62017 25.5 26.2 29.6 : 25.1 19.9 20.1 29.2 : 23.4 : : 31.2 14.4 25.3 14.0 28.2 18.62018 25.9 26.1 30.0 : 26.9 19.8 17.7 29.4 : 23.6 : : 31.8 17.8 : 13.6 27.9 18.42019 24.7 27.0 30.6 : 27.7 20.0 18.4 30.3 : 23.7 14.3 16.0 : 16.7 25.3 13.6 28.0 18.12020 20.7 22.3 27.8 : 26.1 18.9 16.9 27.0 : 22.1 12.3 16.8 30.3 17.0 22.0 12.1 27.3 16.0

2021 22.0 23.9 28.7 : 27.2 19.5 17.0 28.2 : 23.1 12.2 14.3 32.9 18.1 22.2 12.6 26.7 15.8


100

Saving

46. Gross saving; private sectorESA 2010



1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 17.4 : :

1981-1990 : : : : : : 18.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.6 : :

1991 : 22.5 : : : : 19.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.1 : : 1992 : 22.1 : : : : 20.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.4 : : 1993 : 21.8 : : : : 20.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 19.4 : : 1994 : 21.5 : : : : 20.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 20.9 : : 1995 28.2 22.6 16.1 21.9 25.7 22.8 20.7 25.1 21.1 11.7 10.5 24.5 21.2 28.0 24.8 22.0 19.3 18.0 23.1 23.2 23.31996 26.9 22.7 16.5 20.6 24.0 23.1 19.9 25.0 21.0 9.8 10.7 23.2 21.7 26.6 22.8 20.3 19.8 21.0 20.9 22.8 22.91997 26.5 22.6 13.7 21.1 21.3 21.8 21.2 22.1 17.9 11.8 11.6 22.6 21.8 26.1 22.1 19.4 22.5 23.2 22.9 22.4 22.41998 25.0 22.5 17.5 21.3 19.9 20.7 21.2 20.9 26.0 13.6 12.1 23.9 21.6 24.7 22.4 19.8 22.1 23.1 21.5 21.9 21.91999 25.3 21.0 20.4 17.8 18.4 19.6 21.2 18.9 17.0 12.5 10.1 20.3 21.2 24.3 22.1 18.4 21.7 23.1 22.7 20.8 20.82000 24.9 20.8 19.5 17.0 16.1 19.4 20.7 19.2 13.2 18.2 11.3 18.6 17.1 23.8 23.2 17.0 23.3 24.0 20.4 20.5 20.5

1991-2000 : 22.0 : : : : 20.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 20.2 : :

2001 24.1 22.1 18.4 18.4 16.6 18.4 20.9 20.0 14.3 17.9 13.5 20.5 17.2 23.1 21.0 18.2 24.1 24.6 23.0 21.0 21.02002 24.4 23.1 16.3 19.2 15.6 19.0 21.6 20.3 16.8 19.5 13.7 19.3 19.4 23.5 23.4 17.3 23.2 24.2 22.7 21.6 21.62003 25.5 22.1 15.5 21.0 17.6 19.9 22.1 20.6 17.7 20.0 13.1 17.4 17.4 25.1 23.8 18.6 22.6 19.8 21.4 21.7 21.82004 25.4 24.7 16.6 20.9 19.0 18.3 21.9 20.6 9.2 17.0 13.0 22.5 16.7 24.8 23.8 17.3 22.7 20.4 23.1 22.2 22.32005 25.3 24.4 19.6 20.9 15.3 16.4 21.3 20.1 7.5 19.7 14.2 24.0 14.4 22.4 24.2 15.9 23.2 20.9 22.1 21.4 21.52006 25.5 25.1 17.7 20.3 17.1 14.9 21.0 18.8 3.6 12.8 13.1 12.7 13.1 24.7 25.2 13.8 24.9 21.6 21.5 21.2 21.32007 26.3 25.3 17.2 18.5 15.0 14.1 21.6 18.0 -10.6 15.0 13.1 19.1 17.3 25.1 25.4 13.4 23.6 23.1 21.4 21.1 21.22008 25.8 23.9 19.3 18.9 13.8 18.9 21.7 17.5 9.5 22.4 13.0 18.1 21.3 22.4 25.9 11.9 23.3 21.6 20.6 21.1 21.12009 27.0 24.3 20.4 21.2 15.8 24.9 22.8 18.7 16.7 34.9 20.2 8.8 13.5 26.3 25.1 16.7 22.6 21.9 22.2 22.8 22.82010 26.2 25.8 20.1 22.8 14.0 23.2 22.8 17.7 12.8 25.4 22.4 17.2 18.1 27.6 25.9 16.0 21.8 24.5 22.7 23.0 23.0

2001-2010 25.5 24.1 18.1 20.2 16.0 18.8 21.8 19.2 9.7 20.5 14.9 18.0 16.8 24.5 24.4 15.9 23.2 22.3 22.1 21.7 21.7

2011 23.8 25.6 22.7 20.8 13.3 23.2 22.3 18.0 18.1 21.3 20.5 14.7 18.2 28.8 24.7 17.7 22.0 22.7 19.9 22.8 22.82012 24.7 24.0 22.3 21.5 13.0 23.0 21.3 16.9 14.8 20.5 19.2 13.5 18.8 28.7 23.8 18.1 19.7 24.8 19.4 21.9 21.92013 23.9 23.7 22.8 24.7 9.7 23.8 20.5 17.9 13.4 19.5 21.1 12.3 19.4 27.4 23.3 18.5 22.1 24.3 18.8 21.8 21.82014 24.4 24.4 22.2 25.2 11.1 23.4 20.8 18.6 6.5 19.5 21.6 13.1 23.1 25.9 23.5 17.1 24.0 24.1 19.5 22.1 22.12015 24.6 25.0 21.7 29.5 10.3 24.0 21.5 17.6 10.1 19.7 16.5 13.8 26.2 27.2 22.6 16.8 21.9 21.5 19.7 22.5 22.62016 24.6 24.9 21.3 32.9 7.8 24.3 21.4 19.7 9.7 19.2 15.1 12.6 24.1 24.9 25.0 17.0 22.0 20.2 19.0 22.8 22.82017 23.6 24.6 23.7 32.6 8.7 23.2 21.1 19.6 10.3 19.5 16.2 11.5 24.9 26.9 23.6 17.2 23.3 18.9 20.0 22.6 22.62018 22.6 24.4 25.0 32.3 8.6 22.8 21.1 19.9 9.3 18.9 16.8 9.5 25.3 27.1 24.0 16.1 23.0 19.4 20.4 22.5 22.62019 24.1 24.3 25.1 30.9 8.7 23.7 22.4 19.4 8.8 19.4 18.0 14.6 26.9 26.3 23.6 16.1 23.3 18.8 20.3 22.8 22.92020 29.4 31.4 29.2 33.7 15.6 29.1 26.9 26.2 13.3 24.2 23.0 19.7 29.7 31.2 27.8 21.2 28.6 23.1 24.1 28.5 28.6

2011-2020 24.6 25.2 23.6 28.4 10.7 24.1 21.9 19.4 11.4 20.2 18.8 13.5 23.7 27.5 24.2 17.6 23.0 21.8 20.1 23.0 23.1

2021 26.5 27.3 27.0 33.9 9.9 25.9 23.1 22.8 8.7 23.0 21.5 15.5 27.7 28.7 24.4 18.1 25.2 19.9 21.3 25.1 25.2


101

Saving

46. Gross saving; private sectorESA 2010



1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 22.5

1981-1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 27.6 21.5

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 18.1 26.9 20.41992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 19.8 26.7 20.61993 : : : : : : : 20.8 : : : : : : : 20.9 27.5 19.51994 : : : : : : : 23.6 : : : : : : : 21.0 28.0 19.11995 31.0 24.3 21.8 5.1 21.7 22.0 16.0 25.2 23.2 22.8 : : : : : 19.9 28.4 19.81996 8.9 24.7 20.5 9.7 20.7 21.1 15.0 21.8 22.6 22.3 : : : : : 19.4 29.0 19.61997 17.0 22.2 20.8 9.1 21.6 21.0 16.3 20.8 22.2 21.5 : : : : : 17.7 28.4 19.61998 18.3 24.1 19.4 7.7 21.2 21.3 11.6 20.8 21.7 20.7 : : : : : 15.9 29.5 19.01999 11.0 23.2 19.3 9.4 18.7 19.3 12.8 20.5 20.6 19.3 : : : : : 13.0 28.8 18.02000 9.2 24.6 19.2 14.7 16.5 19.8 15.9 19.8 20.4 19.0 : : : : : 12.8 29.5 17.1

1991-2000 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 17.9 28.3 19.3

2001 10.0 24.2 21.2 16.5 17.6 19.4 16.6 21.6 20.9 19.6 : : : : : 13.7 28.0 18.12002 14.3 22.7 21.6 13.7 18.6 17.7 16.1 23.7 21.5 20.5 : : : : : 15.7 28.4 19.92003 12.8 22.0 22.0 13.8 17.7 19.3 13.5 24.7 21.6 20.9 : : : : : 16.5 29.1 20.02004 10.9 20.7 20.2 16.0 18.2 15.9 11.9 23.4 21.9 21.0 : : : : : 15.6 29.6 19.72005 10.8 22.0 18.9 15.4 19.2 16.8 11.0 22.3 21.1 20.4 : : : : : 16.0 28.6 18.72006 8.8 22.0 20.0 16.9 21.1 17.1 11.8 24.6 21.1 20.2 : : : : : 15.2 27.7 18.92007 2.1 22.4 18.8 15.8 16.5 16.0 14.1 24.9 20.9 20.1 : : : : : 14.9 28.0 17.62008 8.6 22.2 20.3 15.5 17.4 16.7 20.3 25.6 20.9 20.2 : : : : : 14.8 27.6 18.32009 20.2 22.5 22.0 17.2 20.7 19.2 26.1 23.4 22.7 21.9 : : : : 22.9 17.0 28.6 22.02010 22.1 21.7 23.8 19.0 22.3 18.9 23.1 24.7 22.9 22.3 : : : : 19.3 18.1 29.8 23.4

2001-2010 12.1 22.3 20.9 16.0 18.9 17.7 16.5 23.9 21.5 20.7 : : : : : 15.8 28.5 19.7

2011 21.7 20.8 24.0 19.4 22.4 17.9 22.1 24.6 22.6 22.1 : : : : 19.2 17.8 28.8 23.32012 19.6 21.8 23.9 18.0 20.1 17.6 21.5 24.6 21.9 21.2 : : : : 18.9 16.7 27.7 24.22013 21.1 21.2 24.3 : 23.8 19.2 22.6 24.4 : 20.6 : : : : 18.9 14.0 27.1 21.72014 20.7 22.6 22.9 : 23.0 18.8 22.0 24.7 : 20.9 : : : : 20.5 14.7 25.9 22.32015 20.1 23.0 25.4 : 22.2 19.5 21.0 23.4 : 20.9 : : : : 20.5 13.7 27.3 21.82016 20.4 22.0 25.3 : 22.7 18.8 20.1 22.2 : 21.0 : : : : 21.7 12.3 27.7 20.92017 22.0 21.2 24.3 : 21.9 17.6 20.7 23.2 : 21.1 : : : : 23.3 13.0 27.5 21.02018 20.8 21.1 25.4 : 22.6 16.1 17.7 23.7 : 21.0 : : : : : 12.3 26.3 21.92019 19.1 22.5 23.5 : 23.4 17.1 19.3 24.8 : 21.1 : : : : 23.9 12.1 26.3 21.92020 19.7 24.4 31.3 : 25.1 21.5 23.2 27.3 : 27.0 : : : : 25.4 18.7 28.0 26.5

2011-2020 20.5 22.1 25.0 : 22.7 18.4 21.0 24.3 : 21.7 : : : : : 14.5 27.3 22.5

2021 20.1 23.4 27.6 : 25.5 19.5 24.8 25.2 : 23.5 : : : : 26.8 15.3 27.7 20.8


102

Saving

47. Gross saving; general governmentESA 2010



1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.1 : :

1981-1990 : : : : : : 2.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.8 : :

1991 : 1.8 : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 : : 1992 : 2.0 : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.2 : : 1993 : 1.2 : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.6 : : 1994 : 1.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.6 : : 1995 -1.4 0.5 6.2 -0.1 -6.6 -1.6 0.4 -3.1 4.4 1.2 3.0 7.1 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -1.2 4.3 5.2 0.5 -0.5 -0.51996 -1.0 -0.1 4.7 1.7 -5.8 -1.7 1.0 -2.9 2.7 2.3 1.7 7.0 -5.2 1.7 0.9 -0.3 4.0 1.3 2.0 -0.4 -0.41997 1.0 0.3 7.0 3.2 -2.3 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.9 2.1 3.3 7.3 -3.3 2.2 1.9 0.9 2.4 1.8 3.2 0.6 0.61998 2.1 0.8 5.2 4.1 -1.4 1.5 2.1 0.5 -0.3 2.4 0.7 8.3 -5.1 2.4 2.0 0.9 3.1 1.8 5.8 1.4 1.41999 2.5 1.6 1.6 6.5 -0.8 2.7 3.1 2.1 -0.2 0.1 0.6 8.3 -2.9 4.1 1.6 1.8 2.8 1.9 6.0 2.4 2.42000 3.2 2.0 4.3 7.9 0.7 2.9 3.1 1.4 1.6 0.7 1.6 10.3 -2.5 5.1 1.7 0.9 1.5 0.9 10.4 2.7 2.7

1991-2000 : 1.1 : : : : 1.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.9 : :

2001 3.1 0.5 5.0 5.0 -0.2 3.7 3.1 1.0 1.7 1.7 0.8 9.4 -2.3 3.9 3.4 -0.2 1.3 -0.4 8.5 2.1 2.12002 2.6 -0.4 6.4 3.3 0.4 4.0 1.3 0.8 0.1 1.2 1.7 8.0 -1.4 2.4 2.6 0.1 2.3 -0.7 7.7 1.3 1.32003 1.5 -0.3 6.9 3.6 -1.2 3.8 0.4 -0.3 -1.4 1.6 1.9 6.2 -1.2 1.5 1.9 -2.1 2.5 1.0 6.1 0.7 0.72004 2.2 -0.3 6.5 4.5 -2.4 4.5 0.9 0.2 -0.8 3.0 2.3 4.9 -2.1 2.1 2.4 -1.7 2.8 1.0 6.0 1.1 1.02005 2.3 -0.2 5.6 4.8 -2.7 5.7 1.3 0.1 0.0 2.8 2.8 6.2 -1.1 3.2 1.5 -2.3 3.0 2.0 6.2 1.4 1.42006 2.6 1.4 7.5 5.9 -3.2 6.8 2.3 1.6 2.1 4.8 3.4 7.0 -0.9 3.7 1.5 -0.9 3.4 0.7 7.1 2.5 2.52007 2.8 3.0 8.5 4.4 -3.4 6.9 2.1 2.8 7.0 5.3 4.0 9.2 0.7 3.6 2.8 0.0 5.0 1.3 8.5 3.2 3.22008 1.8 3.2 4.2 -1.3 -5.1 0.6 1.8 1.5 4.7 0.1 1.7 8.2 -1.9 4.2 2.8 -0.5 4.0 1.5 7.6 2.0 2.02009 -2.0 0.3 3.2 -7.2 -9.9 -5.6 -1.8 -1.0 -0.5 -5.0 -5.7 5.3 -1.2 0.0 -0.3 -5.7 -0.5 -3.4 1.5 -1.7 -1.72010 -0.8 0.1 3.1 -7.0 -8.2 -4.6 -1.7 -0.4 0.5 -3.5 -4.1 5.6 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -5.3 -0.6 -3.9 1.1 -1.4 -1.4

2001-2010 1.6 0.7 5.7 1.6 -3.6 2.6 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.9 7.0 -1.2 2.4 1.9 -1.9 2.3 -0.1 6.0 1.1 1.1

2011 -0.3 2.3 4.1 -6.0 -8.5 -5.4 -0.3 -0.3 -1.5 1.0 -2.3 5.9 -0.8 -0.1 1.4 -4.2 -1.3 -1.2 2.9 -0.3 -0.32012 0.0 2.9 4.9 -5.5 -4.4 -4.5 0.2 0.6 -2.5 2.1 -1.0 5.5 -1.3 0.3 2.0 -4.2 -0.1 -1.6 1.9 0.4 0.42013 0.3 2.9 4.5 -3.9 -0.3 -4.6 0.9 0.1 -2.0 2.1 0.0 5.3 -0.3 1.2 2.2 -2.8 -0.2 -0.2 1.6 0.7 0.72014 0.2 3.3 5.5 -1.2 -1.3 -3.8 0.7 0.2 2.7 1.5 1.4 5.8 0.4 1.5 2.5 -1.9 0.5 0.2 1.2 1.0 0.92015 0.4 3.6 4.9 0.9 -0.3 -3.0 0.7 1.0 2.5 2.0 2.3 5.9 1.3 1.6 3.1 -0.9 1.2 2.1 1.2 1.4 1.32016 0.2 4.0 4.3 1.3 2.5 -2.4 0.7 0.5 3.1 3.1 3.0 6.6 3.6 3.6 2.0 -0.5 1.3 0.9 2.4 1.6 1.62017 1.7 4.4 4.6 1.7 2.9 -1.1 1.7 1.0 4.5 3.5 3.5 6.2 5.8 4.5 3.0 1.0 3.2 2.3 3.1 2.4 2.42018 1.9 5.0 4.2 2.3 3.4 -0.5 1.7 0.9 5.4 3.7 3.3 8.1 5.0 4.7 3.7 2.2 4.3 2.4 3.1 2.8 2.72019 0.8 4.7 4.6 2.9 3.5 -0.9 1.2 1.6 4.6 3.4 2.6 7.3 3.7 5.1 4.1 2.7 4.1 2.2 2.8 2.6 2.62020 -6.5 -3.3 -2.0 -2.6 -5.4 -7.8 -5.3 -6.6 -5.2 -2.9 -4.3 1.1 -2.6 -1.9 -2.4 -3.8 -3.4 -4.9 -2.8 -4.7 -4.7

2011-2020 -0.1 3.0 3.9 -1.0 -0.8 -3.4 0.2 -0.1 1.2 1.9 0.9 5.8 1.5 2.0 2.2 -1.2 1.0 0.2 1.7 0.8 0.8

2021 -1.9 2.1 1.7 0.0 0.9 -4.7 -0.1 -2.0 0.3 -0.9 0.0 5.5 1.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 1.2 -0.7 0.9 -0.1 -0.1


103

Saving

47. Gross saving; general governmentESA 2010



1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.4

1981-1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.5 -1.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 7.5 -1.71992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -2.2 7.0 -3.01993 : : : : : : : -3.2 : : : : : : : -3.6 4.9 -2.51994 : : : : : : : -2.5 : : : : : : : -2.8 4.2 -1.31995 -4.9 6.1 -0.3 7.5 -2.3 -0.9 2.3 -1.6 -0.5 -0.8 : : : : : -2.1 3.5 -1.11996 -7.7 5.0 0.8 8.2 0.2 -0.4 0.9 1.7 -0.2 -0.5 : : : : : -1.2 3.3 0.01997 2.3 4.7 1.9 7.2 0.0 -0.6 -1.2 3.2 0.8 0.6 : : : : : 0.0 3.7 1.21998 5.3 4.7 2.6 9.3 0.2 0.1 -0.4 4.4 1.5 1.6 : : : : : 1.8 1.9 2.31999 4.5 3.8 3.8 6.5 0.0 1.1 -1.3 5.1 2.5 2.6 : : : : : 2.7 0.8 2.82000 3.7 3.2 4.8 4.6 2.8 -0.6 -0.2 7.0 2.8 3.0 : : : : : 3.4 0.5 3.7

1991-2000 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.3 3.7 0.0

2001 5.1 3.3 3.8 4.5 2.2 -1.4 0.6 5.5 2.2 2.3 : : : : : 2.6 0.6 1.62002 3.0 2.7 2.7 4.1 -0.2 -1.5 2.6 2.9 1.3 1.2 : : : : : 0.6 -1.1 -1.62003 3.2 2.6 2.5 4.5 -1.8 -2.2 3.5 3.0 0.8 0.6 : : : : : -0.4 -1.6 -2.62004 5.5 4.7 4.6 4.1 -1.8 -1.8 3.9 4.3 1.2 1.0 : : : : : -0.2 -1.4 -2.02005 4.8 4.4 7.4 3.9 -2.9 -0.1 3.2 6.0 1.7 1.3 : : : : : -0.1 -0.2 -0.62006 5.4 4.2 7.7 4.0 -3.2 0.6 4.7 6.3 2.7 2.3 : : : : : 0.2 0.9 0.32007 7.8 5.0 7.9 5.2 0.3 2.5 3.7 7.4 3.5 2.9 : : : : : 0.3 1.2 -0.12008 6.2 3.9 6.6 4.8 0.2 1.3 1.4 6.2 2.3 1.7 : : : : : -1.2 -0.2 -3.02009 -0.1 0.1 0.5 1.3 -1.2 -2.1 -3.4 3.7 -1.5 -2.1 : : : : -1.5 -5.4 -4.5 -8.12010 0.4 0.4 0.8 -0.4 -1.5 -2.4 -1.6 4.4 -1.1 -1.7 : : : : 2.0 -5.2 -4.7 -8.0

2001-2010 4.1 3.1 4.5 3.6 -1.0 -0.7 1.9 5.0 1.3 1.0 : : : : : -0.9 -1.1 -2.4

2011 0.5 1.5 1.7 -1.7 -1.5 -0.2 1.0 4.3 -0.1 -0.7 : : : : 3.3 -3.9 -4.6 -6.82012 2.1 2.2 1.9 -0.7 0.8 0.1 1.0 3.3 0.5 -0.3 : : : : 3.9 -4.3 -4.0 -5.52013 1.9 2.4 3.1 -0.4 0.6 -0.7 2.0 2.9 0.8 0.3 : : : : 4.3 -2.5 -3.0 -2.52014 1.0 2.1 6.1 -0.1 1.6 0.2 2.2 2.9 1.2 0.5 : : : : 3.9 -2.3 -1.2 -2.02015 1.5 3.4 3.5 1.1 3.4 1.2 2.9 4.2 1.6 1.0 : : : : 4.3 -1.2 -0.2 -1.62016 3.6 4.1 4.2 3.5 3.2 0.8 1.2 5.4 1.8 1.5 : : : : 2.7 -0.1 -0.3 -2.32017 3.5 4.9 5.3 4.4 3.3 2.4 -0.6 5.9 2.6 2.3 : : : : 2.0 1.0 0.7 -2.42018 5.2 5.0 4.6 5.0 4.3 3.7 0.0 5.7 3.0 2.6 : : : : 1.8 1.3 1.6 -3.52019 5.6 4.5 7.0 5.7 4.3 2.9 -0.9 5.4 2.8 2.6 : : : : 1.4 1.5 1.7 -3.82020 1.1 -2.1 -3.4 -2.4 1.1 -2.5 -6.3 -0.3 -4.3 -4.8 : : : : -3.4 -6.6 -0.6 -10.6

2011-2020 2.6 2.8 3.4 1.5 2.1 0.8 0.3 4.0 1.0 0.5 : : : : 2.4 -1.7 -1.0 -4.1

2021 1.9 0.4 1.1 2.3 1.7 0.0 -7.8 2.9 0.0 -0.4 : : : : -4.5 -2.8 -1.0 -5.0


104

Money interest rates and exchange rates

48. Nominal short-term interest rates

(%)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3)

1961-1970 5.2 5.0 : : : : 5.4 3.7 : : : : 3.8 : : : : : : :

1971-1980 8.4 6.9 : 11.3 : : 8.8 11.3 : : : : 7.0 6.4 9.3 : : 10.2 : :

1981-1990 10.2 6.7 12.6 17.4 14.9 10.8 15.0 7.0 6.9 17.0 12.7 10.9

1991 9.4 9.2 : 10.4 22.7 13.2 9.6 12.2 : : : : 9.3 9.1 17.7 : : 13.1 : 10.91992 9.4 9.5 : 12.4 23.5 13.3 10.4 14.0 : : : : 9.4 9.3 16.2 : : 13.3 : 11.51993 8.1 7.2 : 9.3 23.5 11.7 8.6 10.2 : : : : 6.9 7.2 13.3 : : 7.8 : 9.11994 5.6 5.3 : 5.9 24.6 8.0 5.9 8.5 : : : : 5.2 5.0 11.1 : : 5.3 : 6.91995 4.7 4.5 : 6.3 16.4 9.4 6.6 10.3 : : : 4.8 4.4 4.5 9.8 : 8.4 5.8 : 7.01996 3.2 3.3 8.1 5.4 13.8 7.5 3.9 8.7 : : : 5.0 3.0 3.3 7.4 : 11.9 3.6 : 5.31997 3.4 3.3 8.6 6.1 12.8 5.4 3.5 6.8 : 6.0 : 5.1 3.3 3.5 5.7 : 21.8 3.2 : 4.61998 3.5 3.5 13.9 5.5 14.0 4.3 3.6 4.9 : 8.4 : 5.4 3.4 3.6 4.3 10.3 21.1 3.6 : 4.21999 3.0 3.0 7.8 3.0 10.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.3 8.4 13.9 5.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 8.6 15.7 3.0 3.3 3.12000 4.4 4.4 5.7 4.4 7.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 6.4 5.4 8.6 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 10.9 8.6 4.4 4.6 4.5

1991-2000 5.5 5.3 : 6.9 16.9 8.0 5.9 8.3 : : : : 5.2 5.3 9.3 : : 6.3 : 6.7

2001 4.3 4.3 5.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 5.9 6.9 5.9 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.3 10.9 7.8 4.3 4.3 4.32002 3.3 3.3 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.4 4.4 3.7 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 8.0 7.8 3.3 3.4 3.32003 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.9 3.8 2.8 3.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 6.8 6.2 2.3 2.4 2.32004 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 4.7 4.2 2.7 2.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 4.7 4.7 2.1 2.2 2.12005 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 4.3 3.1 2.4 3.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 4.0 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.22006 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.4 4.4 3.1 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 4.3 3.1 3.1 3.12007 4.3 4.3 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 8.7 5.1 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.32008 4.6 4.6 6.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 8.0 6.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.62009 1.2 1.2 5.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 13.1 7.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.22010 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

2001-2010 2.8 2.8 3.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.7 5.8 4.1 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 4.9 4.4 2.8 2.9 2.8

2011 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.42012 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.62013 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.22014 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.22015 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02016 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.32017 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.32018 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.32019 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4

1) 1961-90 D_W 2) ; 1961-90 including D_W

105


48. Nominal short-term interest rates

(%)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 EU-7 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR UK JP US 1) 2) 3)

1961-1970 : : 6.8 : : : : : : 5.1 : : : : : : 6.3 : 4.3

1971-1980 : : 10.9 : : : : : : 9.1 : : : : : : 10.8 8.0 6.9

1981-1990 11.3 : 10.5 : : 11.8 6.1 9.1

1991 : : 9.9 : : : : 11.8 : 10.3 11.0 : : : : 86.0 11.6 7.4 6.01992 : : 11.7 : : : : 13.4 : 10.6 11.3 : : : : 94.3 9.7 4.5 3.81993 : 13.1 10.8 : : : : 8.8 : 7.9 8.6 : : : : 85.8 6.0 3.0 3.31994 : 9.1 6.3 : 27.8 : : 7.7 : 6.1 6.7 : : : : 161.1 5.6 2.3 4.81995 : 11.0 6.2 : 31.3 27.6 43.0 8.8 : 6.5 7.0 : : : : 123.2 6.8 1.2 6.01996 : 12.0 4.0 : 24.3 21.4 53.7 6.0 : 5.0 5.4 : : : : 111.9 6.1 0.6 5.51997 : 16.0 3.7 : 20.4 23.7 80.8 4.4 : 4.7 4.9 : : : : : 6.9 0.6 5.71998 5.9 14.3 4.3 : 17.9 20.4 69.5 4.4 : 4.6 4.7 : : : : 106.6 7.4 0.6 5.61999 5.9 6.9 3.4 : 15.1 14.7 79.6 3.3 4.8 3.5 3.5 : : : : 97.0 5.6 0.2 5.42000 4.6 5.4 5.0 : 11.4 18.8 50.7 4.1 5.8 4.8 4.7 : : : : 36.8 6.2 0.3 6.5

1991-2000 : : 6.5 : : : : 7.3 : 6.4 6.8 : : : : : 7.2 2.1 5.3

2001 5.1 5.2 4.7 : 10.9 16.1 41.3 4.1 5.4 4.4 4.4 : : : : 83.4 5.0 0.2 3.82002 4.9 3.5 3.5 : 9.2 9.0 27.3 4.3 4.1 3.5 3.5 : : : : 60.5 4.1 0.1 1.82003 3.7 2.3 2.4 : 8.5 5.7 17.7 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.6 : : : : 37.8 3.7 0.1 1.22004 3.7 2.4 2.2 : 11.4 6.2 19.1 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.5 : : : : 23.8 4.6 0.1 1.62005 3.6 2.0 2.2 : 7.2 5.3 8.4 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.6 : : : : 15.7 4.8 0.1 3.62006 3.7 2.3 3.2 : 7.0 4.2 8.1 2.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 : : : : 18.7 4.9 0.3 5.22007 4.9 3.1 4.4 : 7.9 4.7 7.2 3.9 4.4 4.6 4.5 : : : : 17.8 6.0 0.8 5.32008 7.1 4.0 5.3 : 8.7 6.4 12.3 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.8 : : : : 17.0 5.5 0.9 2.92009 5.7 2.2 2.5 : 9.3 4.4 11.3 0.9 1.9 1.2 1.2 : : : : 10.2 1.2 0.5 0.72010 4.1 1.3 1.3 : 6.2 3.9 6.5 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.8 : : : : 7.6 0.7 0.2 0.3

2001-2010 4.7 2.8 3.2 : 8.6 6.6 15.9 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.0 : : : : 29.2 4.1 0.3 2.6

2011 3.8 1.2 1.4 2.9 6.6 4.5 5.6 2.5 1.8 1.3 1.3 : : : : : 0.9 0.2 0.32012 2.3 1.0 0.6 2.7 8.1 4.9 5.1 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.7 : : : : : 0.8 0.2 0.42013 1.1 0.5 0.3 1.3 4.2 3.0 4.0 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 : : : : : 0.5 0.2 0.32014 0.8 0.4 0.3 1.0 2.5 2.6 2.3 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 : : : : : 0.5 0.1 0.22015 0.5 0.3 -0.1 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.3 -0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 : : : : : 0.6 0.1 0.32016 0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.9 1.0 1.7 0.8 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 : : : : : 0.5 0.0 0.72017 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.6 0.1 1.7 1.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 : : : : : 0.4 0.0 1.32018 0.0 1.3 -0.3 0.5 0.1 1.7 2.8 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 : : : : : 0.7 -0.1 2.32019 0.0 2.1 -0.4 0.5 0.2 1.7 3.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 : : : : : 0.8 -0.1 2.3

1) 1961-90 including D_W 2) BE DK DE FR IT NL UK; 1961-90 including D_W 3) Former EU-15; 1961-90 including D_W

106


49. Nominal long-term interest rates

(%)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3)

1961-1970 6.3 6.8 : : : : 6.4 5.7 : : : : 5.6 : : : : 7.9 : :

1971-1980 8.8 8.1 : 12.8 : : 9.5 10.9 : : : : 8.7 8.6 : : : 9.5 : :

1981-1990 10.6 7.7 12.5 14.3 11.5 14.7 8.3 8.2 : 12.3

1991 9.3 8.5 : 9.2 : 11.4 9.1 13.2 : : : : 8.7 8.6 14.5 : : 11.2 : : 1992 8.7 7.8 : 9.1 24.1 11.7 8.6 13.3 : : : : 8.1 7.4 13.8 : : 12.0 : 10.11993 7.2 6.5 : 7.7 23.3 10.2 6.8 11.2 : : : : 6.4 6.7 9.7 : : 8.8 : 8.41994 7.8 6.9 : 7.9 20.7 10.0 7.2 10.5 : : : : 6.9 7.0 10.5 : : 9.0 : 8.51995 7.5 6.9 : 8.3 17.0 11.3 7.5 12.2 : : : : 6.9 7.1 11.5 : : 8.8 : 8.91996 6.5 6.2 : 7.3 14.4 8.7 6.3 9.4 : : : : 6.2 6.3 8.6 : : 7.1 : 7.41997 5.8 5.6 : 6.3 9.9 6.4 5.6 6.9 6.9 : : : 5.6 5.7 6.4 : : 6.0 : 6.11998 4.8 4.6 13.2 4.8 8.5 4.8 4.6 4.9 6.7 : : : 4.6 4.7 4.9 : : 4.8 : 4.81999 4.8 4.5 11.4 4.7 6.3 4.7 4.6 4.7 7.4 : : : 4.6 4.7 4.8 : : 4.7 : 4.72000 5.6 5.3 10.5 5.5 6.1 5.5 5.4 5.6 7.6 : : 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.6 : 8.3 5.5 : 5.4

1991-2000 6.8 6.3 : 7.1 : 8.5 6.6 9.2 : : : : 6.3 6.4 9.0 : : 7.8 : :

2001 5.1 4.8 10.2 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.2 7.6 7.6 8.2 6.2 5.0 5.1 5.2 : 8.0 5.0 : 5.02002 5.0 4.8 8.4 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.4 6.1 5.8 4.9 5.0 5.0 8.7 6.9 5.0 5.0 4.92003 4.2 4.1 5.3 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 6.4 5.0 4.1 4.2 4.12004 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.3 5.8 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.7 5.0 4.1 4.1 4.12005 3.4 3.4 4.2 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 5.2 3.9 3.7 4.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.42006 3.8 3.8 5.0 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.4 3.8 3.9 3.82007 4.3 4.2 6.1 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 5.3 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.32008 4.4 4.0 8.2 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.7 4.6 6.4 5.6 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.32009 3.9 3.2 7.8 5.2 5.2 4.0 3.7 4.3 4.6 12.4 14.0 4.5 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.7 3.7 3.9 3.82010 3.5 2.7 5.9 5.7 9.1 4.3 3.1 4.0 4.6 10.3 5.6 4.2 3.0 3.2 5.4 3.8 3.9 3.0 3.6 3.6

2001-2010 4.2 3.9 6.5 4.5 5.0 4.2 4.1 4.4 5.1 6.5 6.2 4.9 4.0 4.1 4.4 : 5.1 4.1 : 4.1

2011 4.2 2.6 : 9.6 15.8 5.4 3.3 5.4 5.8 5.9 5.2 4.5 3.0 3.3 10.2 5.0 4.5 3.0 4.3 4.32012 3.0 1.5 : 6.2 22.5 5.9 2.5 5.5 7.0 4.6 4.8 4.1 1.9 2.4 10.6 5.8 4.6 1.9 3.8 3.82013 2.4 1.6 : 3.8 10.1 4.6 2.2 4.3 6.5 3.3 3.8 3.4 2.0 2.0 6.3 5.8 3.2 1.9 3.0 2.92014 1.7 1.2 : 2.4 6.9 2.7 1.7 2.9 6.0 2.5 2.8 2.6 1.5 1.5 3.8 3.3 2.1 1.5 2.0 2.02015 0.8 0.5 : 1.2 9.7 1.7 0.8 1.7 4.5 1.0 1.4 1.5 0.7 0.8 2.4 1.7 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.22016 0.5 0.1 : 0.7 8.4 1.4 0.5 1.5 3.8 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.4 3.2 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.92017 0.7 0.3 : 0.8 6.0 1.6 0.8 2.1 2.6 0.8 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.6 3.1 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.12018 0.8 0.4 : 1.0 4.2 1.4 0.8 2.6 2.2 0.9 0.3 1.4 0.6 0.7 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.12019 0.2 -0.3 : 0.3 2.6 0.7 0.1 2.0 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.7 -0.1 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.4

1) 1961-90 D_W 2) ; 1961-90 including D_W

107


49. Nominal long-term interest rates

(%)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 EU-9 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR UK JP US 1) 2) 3)

1961-1970 : : 8.3 : : : : 6.0 : 6.5 : : : : : : 7.0 : 4.8

1971-1980 : : 14.6 : : : : 9.0 : 10.0 : : : : : : 12.5 : 7.3

1981-1990 13.2 12.2 10.9 11.2 6.6 10.2

1991 : : 9.3 : : : : 10.7 : 9.9 : : : : : : 10.1 6.5 8.01992 : : 9.0 : : : : 10.0 : 9.4 9.9 : : : : : 9.1 5.2 7.11993 : : 7.3 : : : : 8.6 : 7.8 8.3 : : : : : 7.6 4.1 6.01994 : : 7.8 : : : : 9.7 : 8.0 8.4 : : : : : 8.2 4.2 7.21995 : : 8.3 : : : : 10.2 : 8.4 8.9 : : : : : 8.3 3.3 6.71996 : : 7.2 : : : : 8.0 : 7.2 7.5 : : : : : 7.9 3.0 6.51997 : : 6.3 : : : : 6.6 : 6.2 6.3 : : : : : 7.1 2.2 6.51998 : : 4.9 : : : : 5.0 : 4.9 4.9 : : : : : 5.6 1.3 5.31999 : : 4.9 : 9.9 9.5 : 5.0 : 4.7 4.7 : : : : : 5.0 1.8 5.62000 : : 5.6 : 8.6 11.8 : 5.4 : 5.4 5.4 : : : : : 5.3 1.8 6.0

1991-2000 : : 7.1 : : : : 7.9 : 7.2 : : : : : : 7.4 3.3 6.5

2001 : 6.3 5.1 : 8.0 10.7 : 5.1 : 5.0 5.0 : : : : : 5.0 1.3 5.02002 8.3 4.9 5.1 : 7.1 7.4 : 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.9 : : : : : 4.9 1.3 4.62003 6.5 4.1 4.3 : 6.8 5.8 : 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.2 : : : : : 4.6 1.0 4.02004 5.4 4.8 4.3 : 8.2 6.9 : 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 : : : : : 4.9 1.5 4.32005 3.9 3.5 3.4 : 6.6 5.2 : 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 : : : : 11.7 4.5 1.4 4.32006 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.4 7.1 5.2 7.2 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.9 : : : : 16.2 4.4 1.7 4.82007 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.9 6.7 5.5 7.1 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.4 : : : : 16.8 5.1 1.7 4.62008 5.4 4.6 4.3 6.0 8.2 6.1 7.7 3.9 4.6 4.3 4.3 : : : : 18.9 4.5 1.5 3.72009 7.2 4.8 3.6 7.8 9.1 6.1 9.7 3.3 4.3 3.6 3.7 : : : : 12.9 3.4 1.4 3.32010 6.0 3.9 2.9 6.3 7.3 5.8 7.3 2.9 3.9 3.2 3.5 : : : : 9.6 3.4 1.2 3.2

2001-2010 : 4.5 4.1 : 7.5 6.5 : 4.1 : 4.2 4.2 : : : : : 4.5 1.4 4.2

2011 5.4 3.7 2.7 6.5 7.6 6.0 7.3 2.6 4.5 3.4 4.0 : : : : 9.3 3.1 1.1 2.82012 4.5 2.8 1.4 6.1 7.9 5.0 6.7 1.6 3.9 2.5 3.3 : : : : 8.5 1.7 0.9 1.82013 3.5 2.1 1.8 4.7 5.9 4.0 5.4 2.1 3.1 2.3 2.7 : : : : 7.8 2.0 0.7 2.32014 3.4 1.6 1.3 4.1 4.8 3.5 4.5 1.7 2.2 1.8 2.0 : : : : 9.2 2.1 0.6 2.52015 2.5 0.6 0.7 3.6 3.4 2.7 3.5 0.7 1.4 1.1 1.3 : : : : 9.3 1.8 0.4 2.12016 2.3 0.4 0.3 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.3 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.9 : : : : 10.2 1.2 -0.1 1.82017 1.6 1.0 0.5 2.8 3.0 3.4 4.0 0.7 1.3 0.9 1.1 : : : : 11.1 1.1 0.1 2.32018 0.9 2.0 0.5 2.2 3.1 3.2 4.7 0.7 1.4 1.1 1.1 : : : : 15.9 1.4 0.1 2.92019 0.4 1.6 -0.2 1.3 2.5 2.4 4.5 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.5 : : : : 15.8 0.9 -0.1 2.1

1) 1961-90 including D_W 2) BE DK DE FR IT NL FI SE UK; 1961-90 including D_W 3) Former EU-15; 1961-90 including D_W

108


50. ECU-EUR exchange rates 1)Units of national currency per EUR/ECU

(Annual average, national currency units per EUR 1))

EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- BEF DEM EEK IEP GRD ESP FRF ITL CYP LVL LTL LUF MTL NLG ATS PTE SIT SKK FIM

1960 1.3091 2.2681 : 0.4790 0.0930 0.3809 0.7950 0.3409 0.6480 : : 1.3091 0.8834 1.8213 1.9957 0.1515 : : 0.5685

1965 1.3260 2.1879 : 0.4851 0.0942 0.3855 0.8052 0.3453 0.6544 : : 1.3260 0.8922 1.7573 2.0214 0.1534 : : 0.5757

1970 1.2670 1.9129 : 0.5408 0.0900 0.4289 0.8656 0.3300 0.7288 : : 1.2670 0.9936 1.6792 1.9315 0.1465 : : 0.7221

1975 1.1296 1.5591 : 0.7108 0.1174 0.4223 0.8109 0.4181 0.7809 : : 1.1296 1.1025 1.4226 1.5659 0.1568 : : 0.7643

1980 1.0064 1.2906 : 0.8583 0.1744 0.5992 0.8947 0.6142 0.7907 : : 1.0064 1.0519 1.2526 1.3058 0.3469 : : 0.8699

1981 1.0237 1.2853 : 0.8774 0.1809 0.6171 0.9208 0.6524 0.7791 : : 1.0237 0.9760 1.2593 1.2874 0.3417 : : 0.80611982 1.1084 1.2148 : 0.8756 0.1918 0.6464 0.9804 0.6837 0.7836 : : 1.1084 0.9276 1.1861 1.2136 0.3891 : : 0.79171983 1.1264 1.1609 : 0.9078 0.2292 0.7663 1.0322 0.6972 0.7440 : : 1.1264 0.8343 1.1513 1.1605 0.4923 : : 0.83221984 1.1265 1.1443 : 0.9218 0.2595 0.7607 1.0476 0.7134 0.7125 : : 1.1265 0.7610 1.1450 1.1435 0.5770 : : 0.79451985 1.1134 1.1383 : 0.9081 0.3103 0.7761 1.0359 0.7478 0.9251 : : 1.1134 0.9665 1.1394 1.1368 0.6497 : : 0.78951986 1.0857 1.0881 : 0.9314 0.4033 0.8261 1.0366 0.7550 0.9427 : : 1.0857 0.9778 1.0895 1.0875 0.7337 : : 0.83751987 1.0670 1.0592 : 0.9846 0.4586 0.8544 1.0563 0.7721 1.0706 : : 1.0670 1.0469 1.0592 1.0589 0.8111 : : 0.85191988 1.0766 1.0606 : 0.9849 0.4918 0.8270 1.0727 0.7940 0.9362 : : 1.0766 0.9014 1.0595 1.0600 0.8483 : : 0.83151989 1.0754 1.0585 : 0.9864 0.5248 0.7838 1.0708 0.7801 1.0125 : : 1.0754 0.9715 1.0597 1.0588 0.8650 : : 0.79441990 1.0517 1.0492 : 0.9749 0.5911 0.7778 1.0541 0.7860 0.9943 : : 1.0517 0.9402 1.0492 1.0494 0.9034 : : 0.8165

1991 1.0467 1.0485 : 0.9749 0.6609 0.7721 1.0631 0.7918 0.9796 : : 1.0467 0.9313 1.0487 1.0487 0.8909 0.1543 : 0.84131992 1.0311 1.0330 1.0016 0.9659 0.7250 0.7965 1.0440 0.8240 0.9973 1.2750 0.6207 1.0311 0.9619 1.0323 1.0332 0.8715 0.4389 : 0.97671993 1.0033 0.9901 0.9896 1.0157 0.7882 0.8963 1.0113 0.9509 0.9960 1.1292 1.4732 1.0033 1.0414 0.9871 0.9901 0.9396 0.5529 1.1960 1.12621994 0.9831 0.9840 0.9838 1.0077 0.8453 0.9551 1.0035 0.9890 0.9977 0.9449 1.3705 0.9831 1.0450 0.9794 0.9840 0.9821 0.6375 1.2653 1.04121995 0.9557 0.9580 0.9577 1.0355 0.8892 0.9796 0.9947 1.1001 1.0108 0.9811 1.5153 0.9557 1.0748 0.9524 0.9580 0.9782 0.6463 1.2901 0.96011996 0.9742 0.9763 0.9761 1.0075 0.8967 0.9661 0.9899 1.0117 1.0113 0.9954 1.4710 0.9742 1.0661 0.9710 0.9763 0.9765 0.7168 1.2920 0.98021997 1.0048 1.0044 1.0042 0.9491 0.9079 0.9970 1.0081 0.9964 0.9951 0.9382 1.3138 1.0048 1.0191 1.0032 1.0046 0.9906 0.7552 1.2651 0.98911998 1.0070 1.0068 1.0065 0.9983 0.9706 1.0048 1.0064 1.0038 0.9899 0.9394 1.2988 1.0070 1.0132 1.0072 1.0068 1.0061 0.7760 1.3125 1.00621999 : : : : 0.9560 : : : 0.9890 0.8902 1.2350 : 0.9918 : : : 0.8115 1.4646 : 2000 : : : : 0.9879 : : : 0.9806 0.7957 1.0702 : 0.9413 : : : 0.8622 1.4141 :

2001 : : : : : : : : 0.9840 0.7969 1.0375 : 0.9387 : : : 0.9096 1.4373 : 2002 : : : : : : : : 0.9830 0.8268 1.0019 : 0.9525 : : : 0.9430 1.4172 : 2003 : : : : : : : : 0.9980 0.9116 1.0000 : 0.9925 : : : 0.9758 1.3772 : 2004 : : : : : : : : 0.9941 0.9465 1.0000 : 0.9970 : : : 0.9977 1.3285 : 2005 : : : : : : : : 0.9856 0.9906 1.0000 : 1.0014 : : : 0.9997 1.2813 : 2006 : : : : : : : : 0.9838 0.9907 1.0000 : 1.0000 : : : 0.9998 1.2359 : 2007 : : : : : : : : 0.9955 0.9961 1.0000 : 1.0000 : : : : 1.1211 : 2008 : : : : : : : : : 0.9998 1.0000 : : : : : : 1.0377 : 2009 : : : : : : : : : 1.0041 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2010 : : : : : : : : : 1.0084 1.0000 : : : : : : : :

2011 : : : : : : : : : 1.0049 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2012 : : : : : : : : : 0.9921 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2013 : : : : : : : : : 0.9981 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2014 : : : : : : : : : : 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2015 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2016 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2017 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2018 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2019 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

109


50. ECU-EUR exchange rates 1)Units of national currency per EUR/ECU

(Annual average, national currency units per EUR 1))

BGN CZK DKK HRK HUF PLN RON SEK ALL EUR MKD RSD TRY GBP JPY USD

1960 : : 7.2954 : : : : 5.464 : : : : 0.000 0.37721 380.23 1.0562

1965 : : 7.3893 : : : : 5.534 : : : : 0.000 0.38207 385.13 1.0698

1970 : : 7.6668 : : : : 5.288 : : : : 0.000 0.42593 368.00 1.0222

1975 : : 7.1227 : : : : 5.141 : : : : 0.000 0.56003 360.73 1.2408

1980 : : 7.8274 : 42.60 0.0061 0.0024 5.881 : : : : 0.000 0.59849 315.04 1.3923

1981 : : 7.9226 : 37.23 0.0109 0.0016 5.635 : : : : 0.000 0.55311 245.38 1.11651982 : : 8.1569 : 35.45 0.0097 0.0015 6.143 : : : : 0.000 0.56045 243.55 0.97971983 : : 8.1319 : 37.99 0.0082 0.0014 6.821 : : : : 0.000 0.58701 211.35 0.89021984 : : 8.1465 : 37.91 0.0089 0.0015 6.511 : : : : 0.000 0.59063 187.09 0.78901985 0.0005 : 8.0188 : 22.27 0.0065 0.0008 6.521 : : : : 0.001 0.58898 180.56 0.76311986 0.0009 : 7.9357 : 43.69 0.0167 0.0015 6.996 : : : : 0.001 0.67154 165.00 0.98421987 0.0013 : 7.8847 : 72.27 0.0408 0.0022 7.310 : : : : 0.001 0.70457 166.60 1.15441988 0.0014 : 7.9515 : 83.35 0.0712 0.0024 7.242 : : : : 0.002 0.66443 151.46 1.18251989 0.0011 : 8.0493 : 78.99 0.1925 0.0020 7.099 : : : : 0.003 0.67330 151.94 1.10181990 0.0045 26.927 7.8565 : 130.52 1.9618 0.0046 7.521 : : : : 0.003 0.71385 183.66 1.2734

1991 0.0339 34.597 7.9086 : 142.20 2.0169 0.0145 7.479 : : : : 0.005 0.70101 166.49 1.23921992 0.0511 36.827 7.8093 : 172.78 2.9748 0.0674 7.533 97.40 : : : 0.009 0.73765 164.22 1.29811993 0.0323 34.169 7.5936 4.1892 107.61 2.1222 0.0886 9.122 119.52 : : : 0.013 0.77999 130.15 1.17101994 0.0644 34.151 7.5433 7.1325 125.03 2.7015 0.1972 9.163 112.56 : 51.367 : 0.036 0.77590 121.32 1.18951995 0.0879 34.696 7.3280 6.8364 164.55 3.1705 0.2662 9.332 121.37 : 49.539 : 0.060 0.82879 123.01 1.30801996 0.2251 34.457 7.3593 6.8966 193.76 3.4223 0.3922 8.515 132.69 : 50.749 : 0.103 0.81380 138.08 1.26981997 1.9016 35.930 7.4836 6.9797 211.65 3.7154 0.8112 8.651 168.90 : 56.685 6.70 0.172 0.69230 137.08 1.13401998 1.9691 36.049 7.4993 7.1279 240.57 3.9165 0.9985 8.916 168.88 : 60.985 11.23 0.294 0.67643 146.42 1.12111999 1.9558 36.884 7.4355 7.5811 252.77 4.2274 1.6345 8.808 146.75 : 60.618 12.42 0.447 0.65874 121.32 1.06582000 1.9477 35.599 7.4538 7.6427 260.04 4.0082 1.9922 8.445 132.58 1.0 60.726 58.20 0.575 0.60948 99.47 0.9236

2001 1.9482 34.068 7.4521 7.4820 256.59 3.6721 2.6004 9.255 129.04 1.0 60.913 59.88 1.102 0.62187 108.68 0.89562002 1.9492 30.804 7.4305 7.4130 242.96 3.8574 3.1270 9.161 132.36 1.0 60.979 60.66 1.440 0.62883 118.06 0.94562003 1.9490 31.846 7.4307 7.5688 253.62 4.3996 3.7551 9.124 137.51 1.0 61.263 65.13 1.695 0.69199 130.97 1.13122004 1.9533 31.891 7.4399 7.4967 251.66 4.5268 4.0510 9.124 127.67 1.0 61.337 72.70 1.777 0.67866 134.44 1.24392005 1.9558 29.782 7.4518 7.4008 248.05 4.0230 3.6209 9.282 124.19 1.0 61.297 83.00 1.677 0.68380 136.85 1.24412006 1.9558 28.342 7.4591 7.3247 264.26 3.8959 3.5258 9.254 123.08 1.0 61.190 84.10 1.809 0.68173 146.02 1.25562007 1.9558 27.766 7.4506 7.3376 251.35 3.7837 3.3353 9.250 123.62 1.0 61.185 79.96 1.787 0.68434 161.25 1.37052008 1.9558 24.946 7.4560 7.2239 251.51 3.5121 3.6826 9.615 122.80 1.0 61.265 81.44 1.906 0.79628 152.45 1.47082009 1.9558 26.435 7.4462 7.3400 280.33 4.3276 4.2399 10.619 132.06 1.0 61.276 93.95 2.163 0.89094 130.34 1.39482010 1.9558 25.284 7.4473 7.2891 275.48 3.9947 4.2122 9.537 137.79 1.0 61.519 103.04 1.997 0.85784 116.24 1.3257

2011 1.9558 24.590 7.4506 7.4390 279.37 4.1206 4.2391 9.030 140.33 1.0 61.529 101.96 2.338 0.86788 110.96 1.39202012 1.9558 25.149 7.4437 7.5217 289.25 4.1847 4.4593 8.704 139.04 1.0 61.532 113.02 2.314 0.81087 102.49 1.28482013 1.9558 25.980 7.4579 7.5786 296.87 4.1975 4.4190 8.652 140.27 1.0 61.585 113.10 2.534 0.84926 129.66 1.32812014 1.9558 27.536 7.4548 7.6344 308.71 4.1843 4.4437 9.099 139.97 1.0 61.624 117.25 2.907 0.80612 140.31 1.32852015 1.9558 27.279 7.4587 7.6137 310.00 4.1841 4.4454 9.353 139.71 1.0 61.611 120.74 3.026 0.72584 134.31 1.10952016 1.9558 27.034 7.4452 7.5333 311.44 4.3632 4.4904 9.469 137.33 1.0 61.595 123.10 3.343 0.81948 120.20 1.10692017 1.9558 26.326 7.4386 7.4637 309.19 4.2570 4.5688 9.635 134.13 1.0 61.575 121.40 4.121 0.87667 126.71 1.12972018 1.9558 25.647 7.4532 7.4182 318.89 4.2615 4.6540 10.258 127.56 1.0 61.512 118.27 5.708 0.88471 130.40 1.18102019 1.9558 25.670 7.4661 7.4180 325.30 4.2976 4.7453 10.589 123.00 1.0 61.505 117.85 6.358 0.87777 122.01 1.1195

111

Money interest rates and exchange rates 51. Conversion rates between the euro and the former national currencies of the Euro-Zone

1 euro =

40.3399 Belgian francs1.95583 German marks15.6466 Estonian kroon

0.787564 Irish pounds340.75 Greek drachma

166.386 Spanish pesetas6.55957 French francs1936.27 Italian lire

0.585274 Cyprus pounds0.702804 Latvian lats

3.4528 Lithuanian litas40.3399 Luxembourg francs0.4293 Malta lira

2.20371 Dutch guilders13.7603 Austrian schillings200.482 Portuguese escudos239.64 Slovenian tolar30.126 Slovak Koruna

5.94573 Finnish marks

112


52. Nominal effective exchange ratesPerformance relative to the rest of 42 industrial countries; double export weights

(2015 = 100)


1993 86.2 77.1 44.0 90.8 68.4 90.4 81.6 78.7 45.0 33.6 23.5 88.6 87.0 86.1 81.0 95.9 120.1 58.1 61.4 63.31994 91.1 84.3 52.6 93.1 70.9 89.9 87.6 82.1 49.7 51.2 27.1 93.5 90.1 91.0 85.1 95.2 116.5 60.5 71.4 72.31995 97.2 92.7 67.4 94.8 74.5 92.5 93.3 77.6 56.6 66.0 33.4 99.5 92.9 97.0 91.6 97.7 124.1 64.7 84.1 81.31996 95.8 91.8 67.7 97.7 77.2 94.0 94.2 86.1 61.9 67.1 36.0 98.2 92.1 95.8 91.2 98.6 112.8 66.0 82.7 83.71997 92.2 88.7 65.9 99.8 80.0 90.3 91.3 87.6 74.0 71.2 41.2 94.6 93.7 92.4 89.9 96.5 108.7 69.4 80.5 79.81998 94.1 92.0 74.7 97.1 80.6 92.1 94.4 90.5 85.0 80.6 49.9 95.9 96.6 94.2 92.9 96.4 111.2 70.2 84.2 85.01999 94.5 93.7 85.2 95.4 86.6 93.0 94.7 91.9 92.4 94.9 63.1 96.3 96.4 95.0 94.7 96.4 111.6 65.1 88.1 87.32000 91.2 89.4 82.1 89.9 81.9 89.9 90.5 88.1 89.6 101.9 70.7 93.9 94.6 92.0 92.3 93.6 103.5 66.3 84.1 80.1

2001 92.4 90.7 83.5 91.1 84.5 91.7 92.0 89.9 91.9 103.0 74.0 94.6 95.6 93.2 93.1 94.5 98.8 65.1 85.8 82.72002 93.9 92.8 85.2 93.2 87.5 93.6 94.1 92.3 94.9 101.0 79.1 95.6 97.1 94.5 94.4 95.7 96.7 66.3 88.1 86.22003 98.7 99.2 89.7 100.4 93.4 98.4 99.8 98.5 100.1 96.5 84.8 98.8 101.0 98.8 98.6 99.6 97.2 70.5 94.3 97.22004 100.1 101.3 91.0 102.9 95.0 99.7 101.6 100.5 101.4 93.8 86.2 99.5 103.4 99.9 99.9 100.6 96.0 73.9 96.4 100.82005 99.5 100.2 90.6 102.5 93.9 98.9 100.8 99.4 101.7 88.9 85.5 99.1 102.3 99.3 99.0 100.2 94.8 75.6 95.5 99.02006 99.5 100.2 90.3 102.8 93.9 98.9 100.8 99.4 101.8 88.4 85.0 99.0 102.8 99.2 98.9 100.1 94.5 78.1 95.2 98.92007 100.9 102.0 91.6 105.5 94.9 100.2 102.4 101.1 101.6 88.8 86.1 99.7 105.9 100.4 100.0 101.3 95.0 86.4 96.9 102.22008 103.0 104.1 93.3 109.9 97.2 102.4 104.9 103.3 104.8 90.2 87.5 101.4 108.8 102.7 101.2 103.1 95.7 93.9 99.3 106.92009 104.5 106.5 97.8 111.0 100.0 104.3 106.4 105.2 107.2 94.6 92.6 103.4 108.4 104.6 103.3 104.1 99.0 101.1 103.0 111.32010 101.5 102.2 93.8 106.9 96.9 101.2 102.5 101.2 103.5 90.6 89.0 100.9 103.4 101.7 100.2 101.7 96.6 98.4 97.9 103.5

2011 102.0 102.5 93.5 107.8 98.0 101.6 102.9 101.6 103.8 91.2 89.5 101.1 103.9 102.1 100.3 102.0 97.1 98.7 98.1 104.22012 99.6 99.7 91.5 103.6 95.7 99.5 100.0 99.1 101.1 90.6 87.7 99.3 101.5 99.9 98.6 100.3 96.0 97.9 95.0 99.42013 101.8 102.3 93.4 106.6 98.5 101.7 102.7 101.7 103.6 92.3 90.0 100.9 104.1 101.8 100.5 102.0 97.6 99.3 97.9 103.82014 103.0 104.0 97.4 106.9 101.5 103.0 103.9 103.5 104.3 96.5 94.8 102.0 105.3 102.8 102.1 102.8 99.8 100.8 101.0 106.42015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 102.1 102.4 102.3 102.1 102.5 102.2 102.1 102.1 102.3 103.0 103.3 101.5 101.5 102.1 101.6 101.8 101.7 101.9 102.3 104.02017 103.3 103.8 102.3 104.0 104.3 103.6 103.6 103.5 104.1 102.5 102.3 102.3 103.3 103.3 102.3 102.8 101.9 102.4 103.1 106.42018 105.6 106.9 105.6 106.9 108.4 106.2 106.4 106.6 107.2 106.0 106.2 104.0 106.1 105.4 104.5 104.7 104.0 104.1 106.6 111.52019 105.0 106.0 105.6 104.8 108.4 105.7 105.5 105.8 106.6 105.9 105.7 103.6 104.0 105.0 103.9 104.3 103.8 104.0 106.0 110.22020 105.7 107.1 107.9 104.6 110.1 106.7 106.3 106.8 107.4 108.3 108.4 104.2 103.6 105.8 104.7 105.0 105.1 105.2 107.6 111.9

2021 106.0 107.4 108.4 104.7 110.5 107.0 106.5 107.1 107.7 108.9 109.0 104.4 103.7 106.1 104.9 105.2 105.5 105.5 108.0 112.4

1) 1960-1992 including LU 2) Euro area relative to 23 industrial countries (BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK TR CH NO US CA MX JP KR AU NZ CN HK RU BR)

113


52. Nominal effective exchange ratesPerformance relative to the rest of 42 industrial countries; double export weights

(2015 = 100)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-28 AL ME MK RS TR UK JP US 1)

1993 2411.7 55.6 82.6 114.1 197.0 131.8 2795.0 82.9 55.2 : : : : 16142.7 78.4 93.0 66.11994 1411.2 61.5 86.6 71.3 183.4 112.9 1495.7 86.8 65.1 : : : : 6420.8 83.4 109.0 73.51995 1230.6 65.4 93.2 82.4 152.6 103.5 1232.7 89.2 73.7 : : : : 4102.9 81.9 116.9 76.41996 506.9 67.4 93.1 82.6 132.6 97.5 862.3 98.8 76.4 : : : : 2422.8 83.9 102.8 80.81997 62.7 65.7 90.8 83.9 124.4 90.8 427.8 95.5 74.6 : : : : 1460.3 98.2 97.8 87.51998 69.4 68.1 93.7 87.4 115.0 93.1 372.7 96.4 83.1 : : : : 920.5 104.7 95.8 95.11999 78.2 69.5 94.8 88.5 113.5 91.1 234.9 98.1 86.7 : : : : 634.0 106.6 112.2 96.92000 78.1 70.6 90.3 86.5 108.0 93.9 189.5 97.8 78.8 : : : : 469.4 109.6 123.3 100.7

2001 83.7 74.3 92.0 89.8 110.7 103.6 150.7 90.3 81.4 : : : : 253.8 108.6 113.0 106.72002 87.1 83.2 93.7 92.5 118.8 99.9 128.2 93.0 86.6 : : : : 195.3 110.1 108.0 106.72003 92.3 83.5 98.8 94.4 118.1 90.8 111.4 99.7 98.6 : : : : 174.2 106.4 110.5 98.92004 93.8 84.1 100.3 96.5 120.1 89.0 104.4 102.2 105.1 : : : : 169.5 111.6 114.0 93.52005 92.3 89.1 99.5 96.9 120.7 99.5 115.8 99.4 103.0 : : : : 177.9 109.8 109.8 90.52006 92.6 93.4 99.3 97.7 113.0 102.5 119.5 99.6 103.4 : : : : 165.0 110.3 102.0 88.72007 93.3 95.8 100.8 98.5 119.3 106.2 127.2 101.3 109.0 : : : : 168.9 112.2 96.6 84.22008 95.3 107.8 103.3 101.4 120.7 116.3 116.9 99.9 111.2 : : : : 162.7 98.2 107.9 81.52009 98.8 104.7 106.3 102.6 111.7 97.0 104.3 92.1 108.9 : : : : 146.5 87.6 124.9 87.32010 96.0 106.8 101.6 100.4 110.8 102.4 102.3 98.5 100.9 : : : : 152.7 87.3 130.9 84.0

2011 97.3 110.2 101.3 98.9 109.9 99.6 102.8 104.5 101.9 : : : : 131.1 86.7 138.8 80.12012 96.1 106.3 98.4 96.1 104.6 96.4 96.3 105.3 96.9 : : : : 128.3 90.1 140.7 82.92013 98.2 104.5 100.7 97.4 103.5 97.9 99.1 108.8 101.6 : : : : 120.5 88.2 114.0 84.12014 100.8 100.0 102.6 99.3 101.2 100.3 100.7 105.3 106.2 : : : : 106.7 94.3 106.1 86.82015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : : : 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 102.4 102.8 102.2 103.0 101.2 97.7 101.0 101.0 101.5 : : : : 92.4 89.9 115.0 104.72017 104.3 106.2 103.6 104.4 102.6 100.9 100.2 100.2 103.1 : : : : 75.6 84.8 111.2 104.42018 108.4 111.1 106.4 107.9 101.5 103.0 100.9 96.4 109.4 : : : : 56.4 86.5 111.7 103.82019 108.9 110.8 105.7 107.6 99.3 101.9 98.9 92.9 107.3 : : : : 49.5 86.3 117.3 107.62020 110.9 107.5 107.2 106.8 93.1 98.7 98.5 92.1 108.7 : : : : 43.6 87.3 121.3 114.2

2021 111.3 106.4 107.6 106.7 92.5 97.8 98.6 91.9 109.1 : : : : 42.7 87.1 122.1 115.6

1) EU-28 relative to 14 industrial countries (TR CH NO US CA MX JP KR AU NZ CN HK RU BR)

114

General government (% of GDP at market prices)

53. Taxes linked to imports and production (indirect taxes)ESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.0 :

1980 : : : : : : 14.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 15.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.0 :

1990 : 14.9 14.7

1991 : 9.8 : : : : 14.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.8 : 1992 : 9.9 : : : : 14.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.5 : 1993 : 10.2 : : : : 14.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.2 : 1994 : 10.7 : : : : 15.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.2 : 1995 12.3 10.4 12.6 13.9 12.3 10.0 15.6 11.7 10.9 13.0 12.0 11.1 12.1 10.4 14.6 13.2 15.1 14.3 13.6 12.11996 12.8 10.3 13.2 14.1 12.6 10.1 16.2 11.5 10.6 12.5 11.6 11.0 11.4 10.7 14.9 13.4 15.3 13.7 13.7 12.21997 12.9 10.2 13.4 13.7 12.7 10.4 16.2 12.0 9.8 13.4 13.5 11.8 11.9 10.7 15.2 13.1 15.0 13.1 14.3 12.31998 13.0 10.3 12.4 13.5 12.4 11.1 16.1 14.8 10.3 14.3 13.8 12.4 10.9 10.8 15.1 13.6 15.6 12.9 14.0 12.91999 13.3 10.9 11.7 13.2 13.0 11.4 16.0 14.5 9.9 13.4 13.7 12.6 12.0 11.3 15.2 13.9 16.2 12.4 13.9 13.12000 13.1 10.8 12.4 13.0 13.1 11.3 15.4 14.4 11.5 12.4 12.5 13.2 12.0 11.1 14.8 13.4 15.5 12.6 13.4 12.9

2001 12.7 10.6 12.5 12.0 12.7 11.0 15.0 14.0 11.9 11.9 12.2 12.7 12.5 11.6 14.7 13.4 15.2 11.4 12.9 12.62002 12.7 10.6 12.6 11.9 12.8 11.0 15.0 14.1 12.1 11.2 12.4 12.3 12.3 11.5 14.8 13.9 15.6 11.6 13.2 12.62003 12.9 10.7 12.2 12.1 12.1 11.2 14.9 13.7 14.3 11.9 11.6 12.3 12.2 11.5 14.7 13.9 15.7 12.1 13.6 12.62004 13.0 10.4 12.7 12.6 11.6 11.7 15.1 13.7 14.9 11.7 11.2 13.2 13.3 11.6 14.6 13.8 15.4 12.3 13.2 12.62005 13.0 10.4 12.6 13.1 11.9 12.1 15.3 13.9 15.0 12.3 11.2 13.4 14.1 11.7 14.3 14.6 15.4 12.6 13.3 12.82006 13.0 10.3 13.3 13.6 12.2 12.2 15.1 14.5 15.6 12.6 11.3 12.6 14.3 11.8 13.9 14.8 14.9 11.3 13.2 12.92007 12.9 10.8 13.2 13.1 12.6 11.4 14.9 14.3 17.0 12.0 11.6 13.0 14.1 11.5 13.7 14.4 14.5 11.1 12.6 12.82008 12.9 10.8 12.0 12.0 12.6 9.4 14.7 13.5 16.3 10.8 11.6 12.4 13.8 11.3 13.9 14.0 13.9 10.5 12.4 12.32009 13.0 11.3 14.5 10.8 11.7 8.1 14.9 13.4 14.1 11.2 11.6 12.5 13.3 11.1 14.3 12.5 13.5 10.5 12.9 12.22010 13.2 10.9 13.6 10.8 12.6 9.9 14.7 13.8 14.2 12.3 11.9 12.3 13.7 11.0 14.3 13.2 14.0 10.3 12.9 12.4

2011 13.3 11.0 13.3 10.4 13.5 9.6 15.1 14.0 13.6 12.2 11.6 12.3 13.5 10.8 14.3 13.8 14.0 11.2 13.7 12.62012 13.7 11.0 13.7 10.5 13.9 10.2 15.3 15.1 13.9 12.6 11.2 12.9 13.1 10.6 14.6 13.8 14.4 10.6 14.0 12.92013 13.6 10.9 13.3 10.7 14.4 11.1 15.5 14.8 13.7 13.0 11.0 12.9 12.9 10.9 14.5 13.7 14.9 11.2 14.3 13.02014 13.5 10.7 13.6 10.9 15.7 11.5 15.7 15.2 14.9 13.3 11.2 13.1 13.0 11.3 14.3 14.2 14.8 11.5 14.3 13.12015 13.2 10.7 14.1 8.6 16.1 11.7 15.8 14.9 14.7 13.6 11.6 11.9 12.3 11.1 14.3 14.6 14.7 11.6 14.0 13.02016 13.5 10.7 14.7 8.6 17.2 11.6 15.9 14.3 14.6 14.2 11.7 11.5 12.2 11.5 14.3 14.7 14.6 11.6 14.3 13.02017 13.4 10.6 14.1 8.3 17.0 11.6 16.2 14.3 15.3 14.0 11.6 11.5 12.4 11.5 14.1 14.9 14.3 12.0 14.0 13.02018 13.5 10.6 13.7 7.9 17.0 11.7 16.4 14.4 15.7 14.3 11.5 11.8 12.7 11.7 13.9 15.2 14.0 11.9 14.2 13.02019 13.6 10.7 14.1 7.8 17.0 11.5 16.8 14.4 15.2 14.2 11.6 11.6 12.1 12.0 13.9 15.1 13.8 12.1 14.0 13.12020 13.1 10.5 13.2 7.3 16.8 11.2 16.5 14.0 14.9 13.5 11.6 11.1 12.2 11.2 14.0 14.9 13.6 12.2 13.8 12.8

2021 13.3 10.5 13.4 7.3 16.9 11.5 16.9 14.4 15.0 13.6 11.6 11.5 12.2 11.4 13.8 14.9 13.6 12.1 14.1 13.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

115


53. Taxes linked to imports and production (indirect taxes); general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 AL ME MK RS TR UK JP US 1) 1)

1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.0

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 7.1

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.6 7.7 7.1

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.1 7.1 7.41992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.2 7.6 7.41993 : : : : : : : 22.4 : : : : : : 10.9 7.3 7.31994 : : : : : : : 21.6 : : : : : : 11.1 6.5 7.51995 8.5 11.4 16.3 19.3 17.3 14.2 9.3 21.3 12.5 : : : : : 11.3 6.6 7.31996 9.0 11.2 16.7 19.0 16.8 14.4 8.8 22.2 12.7 : : : : : 11.4 6.6 7.21997 9.5 10.7 16.9 18.5 15.3 14.0 9.1 21.7 12.8 : : : : : 11.6 6.9 7.11998 12.0 10.3 17.9 20.0 15.5 13.3 11.4 24.1 13.4 : : : : : 11.8 7.3 7.11999 12.9 10.8 17.8 19.4 16.2 13.7 12.2 24.0 13.6 : : : : : 12.2 7.6 7.02000 13.4 10.5 16.7 19.7 16.5 12.9 11.9 22.5 13.3 : : : : : 12.3 7.3 6.9

2001 13.1 10.2 16.8 19.2 15.4 13.0 11.4 22.6 13.1 : : : : : 12.1 7.3 6.92002 12.3 10.1 17.0 19.6 14.9 13.6 11.6 22.8 13.1 : : : : : 12.1 7.3 6.92003 14.2 10.2 16.9 19.1 15.5 13.6 12.6 22.7 13.1 : : : : : 12.0 7.2 7.02004 15.8 10.9 17.1 18.5 15.9 13.5 11.9 22.3 13.1 : : : : : 12.0 7.2 7.12005 16.1 10.8 17.4 18.3 15.3 13.8 13.0 22.5 13.3 : : : : : 11.7 7.2 7.22006 16.6 10.3 17.3 18.3 14.9 14.1 12.9 22.1 13.3 : : : : : 11.7 7.2 7.22007 16.0 10.6 17.5 18.0 15.7 14.4 12.1 22.0 13.3 : : : : : 11.7 7.0 7.22008 16.7 10.4 16.5 17.8 15.5 14.4 11.2 22.4 12.8 : : : : : 11.3 7.1 7.12009 14.2 10.8 16.3 17.0 16.3 12.8 10.2 22.5 12.7 : : : : 11.9 10.9 7.2 7.12010 14.2 11.1 16.2 17.6 17.3 13.7 11.9 22.0 12.9 : : : : 13.2 12.1 7.2 7.1

2011 13.7 11.9 16.3 17.2 17.3 13.8 13.1 21.6 13.1 : : : : 13.1 12.6 7.4 7.12012 14.9 12.4 16.3 18.1 18.6 13.0 13.2 21.9 13.4 : : : : 12.8 12.6 7.3 7.02013 15.5 12.7 16.4 18.6 18.6 12.8 12.7 21.9 13.5 : : : : 13.4 12.7 7.3 7.12014 14.8 11.8 16.2 18.5 18.5 12.9 12.7 21.6 13.5 : : : : 12.5 12.8 8.0 7.12015 15.5 12.2 16.3 19.1 18.7 12.9 13.3 21.5 13.5 : : : : 12.8 12.8 8.4 7.02016 15.4 12.3 16.2 19.3 18.2 13.4 11.3 22.4 13.4 : : : : 12.8 12.9 8.4 7.02017 15.0 12.4 16.0 19.5 18.0 13.8 10.3 22.3 13.4 : : : : 12.3 13.0 8.3 7.02018 15.0 12.2 16.1 20.0 18.3 14.1 10.4 22.3 13.5 : : : : 11.3 13.0 8.4 7.02019 15.4 12.2 15.7 20.3 18.2 13.9 10.6 22.0 13.5 : : 12.3 : 10.4 12.9 8.6 7.02020 15.6 12.2 15.8 19.7 18.3 13.8 10.2 22.2 13.2 : : 11.9 : 10.0 12.0 8.8 7.3

2021 15.2 12.2 15.5 19.9 17.8 13.6 10.3 21.9 13.4 : : 12.2 : 9.8 12.0 8.7 7.1

1) SNA 2008

116


54. Current taxes on income and wealth (direct taxes); general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 16.0 :

1980 : : : : : : 7.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 7.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.2 :

1990 : 7.8 17.0

1991 : 12.2 : : : : 7.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.1 : 1992 : 12.6 : : : : 7.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.2 : 1993 : 12.3 : : : : 7.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.3 : 1994 : 11.9 : : : : 8.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.7 : 1995 16.0 11.9 10.5 13.2 6.6 9.5 8.0 13.9 7.8 6.6 8.4 14.7 8.2 11.4 12.1 8.1 6.7 10.5 16.8 11.21996 16.1 11.8 9.1 13.7 6.4 9.4 8.6 14.5 7.6 6.7 8.0 14.9 6.7 11.8 13.0 8.7 7.2 9.3 18.4 11.51997 16.5 11.6 9.1 13.7 7.1 9.7 9.1 15.2 7.7 7.2 8.7 15.4 8.0 11.2 13.6 8.7 7.2 8.9 17.9 11.71998 17.0 11.9 10.2 13.4 8.5 9.9 11.2 13.7 8.5 7.5 9.0 15.3 7.5 10.9 13.8 8.5 7.1 8.8 18.3 12.11999 16.6 12.4 9.7 13.9 8.9 9.7 11.8 14.3 9.3 7.4 9.1 14.1 8.5 10.8 13.4 8.9 7.1 8.7 17.8 12.42000 16.7 12.7 7.7 13.8 9.8 9.7 11.8 13.8 9.7 7.2 8.4 14.2 8.9 10.7 13.2 9.3 7.2 7.2 20.4 12.5

2001 16.9 11.2 7.2 12.7 8.6 9.6 12.1 14.1 9.8 7.5 7.8 14.4 9.5 10.6 14.9 8.9 7.3 7.3 18.3 12.02002 16.8 10.8 7.5 12.1 8.9 10.1 11.2 13.4 9.7 7.6 7.4 14.6 10.7 10.6 13.8 8.8 7.6 6.8 18.2 11.62003 16.3 10.8 8.0 12.5 8.1 9.6 10.9 12.8 8.1 7.2 7.9 14.4 11.0 9.9 13.6 7.8 7.8 6.9 17.1 11.32004 16.3 10.5 7.9 12.9 8.1 10.0 11.1 12.8 6.7 7.6 8.7 12.7 10.4 9.7 13.4 8.1 8.0 6.3 17.0 11.32005 16.4 10.9 6.9 12.8 9.0 10.8 11.3 12.8 7.8 7.5 8.9 13.7 10.9 10.6 12.9 8.0 8.6 6.1 16.9 11.52006 16.2 11.6 7.0 13.6 8.3 11.4 11.8 13.7 9.2 7.9 9.5 13.0 11.3 10.7 12.8 8.3 9.0 6.2 16.8 12.12007 15.9 12.0 7.3 13.2 8.3 12.6 11.7 14.5 11.9 8.3 9.1 13.1 12.6 11.0 13.2 9.2 9.0 6.3 17.0 12.52008 16.3 12.3 7.7 12.2 8.1 10.3 11.9 14.6 11.1 9.0 9.2 13.8 12.1 10.7 13.8 9.3 8.8 6.6 16.8 12.32009 15.1 11.5 7.4 11.8 8.5 9.1 10.7 14.1 9.6 7.0 5.9 14.2 13.0 10.8 12.6 8.6 8.1 5.7 15.4 11.52010 15.4 11.0 6.5 11.7 8.3 9.1 11.2 14.1 9.4 7.4 4.6 14.3 12.2 11.0 12.7 8.4 8.0 5.5 15.4 11.5

2011 15.9 11.4 6.2 12.2 9.2 9.2 11.7 13.8 10.1 7.3 4.4 13.9 12.4 10.5 12.8 9.4 7.8 5.6 15.8 11.72012 16.2 11.9 6.6 12.7 10.8 10.0 12.4 14.8 9.9 7.7 4.8 14.2 13.0 10.0 13.1 8.9 7.5 5.6 15.5 12.32013 16.7 12.1 7.1 12.8 10.5 10.0 12.9 14.9 10.4 7.7 5.0 14.2 13.6 9.9 13.4 11.3 7.0 6.2 16.1 12.52014 16.7 12.1 7.3 12.8 9.7 10.1 12.7 14.6 10.4 7.8 5.0 13.6 13.6 10.5 13.7 10.9 7.2 6.7 16.3 12.52015 16.3 12.3 7.7 10.6 9.5 9.9 12.7 14.7 9.9 7.8 5.4 14.3 12.9 11.3 14.2 10.7 7.2 7.1 16.5 12.52016 16.0 12.7 7.5 10.6 10.0 9.9 12.5 14.6 9.3 8.4 5.6 14.6 13.4 11.5 12.9 10.1 7.5 7.2 16.4 12.62017 16.6 13.0 7.2 10.3 9.8 10.1 12.8 14.4 9.2 8.6 5.4 15.0 13.9 12.7 13.0 9.9 7.5 7.2 16.5 12.82018 16.8 13.3 7.4 10.6 10.1 10.6 13.3 14.1 9.1 7.4 5.7 16.9 13.3 12.5 13.5 10.1 7.9 7.3 16.0 13.02019 15.7 13.3 7.3 10.6 9.5 10.4 13.1 14.4 9.5 7.0 8.8 16.5 13.8 13.2 13.7 9.8 8.1 7.3 16.0 13.02020 15.8 12.7 7.2 10.2 9.4 10.4 12.5 14.6 9.1 6.7 8.3 16.8 14.8 11.9 13.9 9.6 8.1 6.2 16.3 12.6

2021 15.8 13.2 7.2 10.1 8.8 10.5 13.2 13.9 9.1 6.7 8.5 17.7 14.3 12.3 13.6 9.6 7.8 6.7 16.6 12.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

117


54. Current taxes on income and wealth (direct taxes); general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.5

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.5

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 13.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.6 11.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 14.2 12.8 12.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 13.3 12.9 11.41992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.7 12.2 11.41993 : : : : : : : 18.6 : : : : : : 11.9 11.0 11.71994 : : : : : : : 19.4 : : : : : : 12.2 10.8 11.81995 6.1 9.0 29.9 6.6 8.4 11.3 10.6 19.0 11.9 : : : : : 12.9 10.4 12.31996 7.3 7.9 29.8 7.4 9.0 10.8 9.8 19.9 12.1 : : : : : 12.7 10.3 13.01997 8.3 8.3 29.5 6.8 8.7 10.6 10.4 20.2 12.3 : : : : : 13.1 10.4 13.41998 7.3 7.9 29.1 7.6 8.7 10.5 8.4 20.0 12.6 : : : : : 14.3 8.9 13.81999 7.3 8.0 29.2 7.0 9.2 7.6 7.8 20.8 12.9 : : : : : 14.4 8.8 13.92000 6.6 7.7 29.3 6.0 9.6 7.1 7.2 21.5 12.9 : : : : : 15.0 9.3 14.4

2001 7.2 8.1 28.3 5.6 9.9 6.4 6.4 19.7 12.4 : : : : : 14.7 9.4 13.42002 6.1 8.5 28.1 6.2 9.9 6.6 5.8 18.6 12.0 : : : : : 14.0 8.4 11.12003 5.9 8.9 28.4 6.2 9.3 6.3 6.2 19.2 11.7 : : : : : 13.8 8.0 10.72004 5.6 8.9 29.0 6.1 8.8 6.3 6.5 19.9 11.7 : : : : : 14.4 8.2 10.92005 4.5 8.6 30.3 6.4 8.8 6.8 5.4 21.1 12.0 : : : : : 15.1 9.0 12.32006 4.6 8.6 28.8 7.0 9.1 7.3 6.0 21.3 12.5 : : : : : 15.3 9.8 13.02007 7.2 8.8 28.6 7.5 10.0 8.3 6.6 20.3 12.8 : : : : : 15.4 10.3 13.12008 5.8 7.8 27.9 7.3 10.3 8.4 6.4 18.9 12.5 : : : : : 15.1 9.7 12.12009 5.2 7.1 28.3 7.4 9.6 7.2 5.9 18.5 11.8 : : : : 6.4 14.6 8.4 9.42010 4.9 6.8 28.5 6.6 7.8 6.7 5.8 18.1 11.7 : : : : 6.2 14.7 8.2 10.1

2011 4.6 7.0 28.4 6.4 6.2 6.7 6.1 17.5 11.9 : : : : 6.1 14.6 8.6 11.22012 4.7 6.9 29.2 6.3 6.7 7.0 5.8 17.4 12.4 : : : : 6.2 13.8 8.9 11.42013 5.1 7.2 30.2 6.5 6.5 6.7 5.9 17.8 12.7 : : : : 5.8 13.6 9.6 12.22014 5.4 7.3 33.2 6.3 6.7 6.8 6.2 17.8 12.7 : : : : 6.0 13.4 10.0 12.62015 5.4 7.2 30.6 6.1 6.8 6.9 6.6 18.3 12.7 : : : : 5.8 13.5 9.9 12.92016 5.6 8.1 29.6 6.5 7.3 7.1 6.4 18.9 12.7 : : : : 6.0 13.8 9.7 12.52017 5.7 8.3 30.1 6.3 7.2 7.3 6.1 19.0 12.9 : : : : 5.9 13.9 10.0 12.22018 5.8 8.6 28.5 6.5 6.7 7.8 4.9 18.6 13.0 : : : : 6.5 14.0 10.4 11.22019 5.9 8.5 30.8 6.7 6.7 8.0 4.8 18.1 13.0 : : 5.2 : 6.8 14.0 10.4 11.32020 5.6 7.5 29.0 5.5 7.2 7.3 4.6 17.8 12.6 : : 4.9 : 6.2 13.8 10.8 10.9

2021 5.3 7.7 28.9 5.7 7.0 7.5 4.7 17.7 12.8 : : 5.1 : 6.1 13.0 10.6 10.7

1) SNA 2008

118


55. Net social contributions; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.4 :

1980 : : : : : : 18.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 10.6 :

1985 : : : : : : 20.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.1 :

1990 : 19.6 12.5

1991 : 16.3 : : : : 19.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.2 : 1992 : 16.7 : : : : 19.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.1 : 1993 : 17.2 : : : : 20.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.6 : 1994 : 17.7 : : : : 19.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.3 : 1995 16.1 18.2 11.9 6.0 10.4 12.2 19.9 14.0 6.1 11.1 7.2 11.3 7.2 15.8 16.1 9.9 17.5 14.8 14.3 16.61996 16.2 18.8 11.6 5.7 10.4 12.0 20.0 14.3 6.2 10.4 7.7 11.0 7.3 15.3 16.2 9.8 15.8 15.6 13.8 16.71997 16.1 19.0 11.2 5.3 10.6 12.2 19.6 14.4 6.3 10.3 9.0 11.1 7.7 15.1 16.1 10.0 15.1 14.7 12.9 16.61998 16.1 18.7 11.1 5.0 10.8 12.2 17.5 12.2 6.4 10.2 10.0 11.4 7.3 14.8 15.9 10.2 15.2 14.7 12.6 15.61999 16.0 18.6 11.0 4.9 11.0 12.4 17.7 12.2 6.2 10.6 10.1 11.1 7.3 15.3 15.9 10.1 15.0 13.8 12.5 15.62000 15.6 18.1 11.0 4.9 11.6 12.4 17.4 11.7 6.1 10.0 10.2 11.0 7.4 15.1 15.5 10.5 15.2 14.0 11.7 15.3

2001 15.9 17.9 10.7 5.0 11.7 12.6 17.4 11.8 6.3 9.3 9.7 11.7 7.8 13.6 15.5 10.7 15.3 14.1 11.8 15.12002 16.2 17.9 11.0 4.9 12.6 12.5 17.5 12.0 6.2 9.2 9.4 11.7 7.7 13.2 15.3 11.0 15.2 14.5 11.6 15.12003 16.0 18.2 10.7 5.0 12.5 12.6 17.8 12.1 6.4 8.6 9.2 12.1 7.4 13.7 15.3 11.3 15.1 13.8 11.4 15.22004 15.7 17.8 10.4 5.1 12.1 12.6 17.6 12.2 7.0 8.5 9.4 11.9 7.4 13.8 15.2 11.4 15.2 13.1 11.3 15.02005 15.4 17.5 10.2 5.1 12.3 12.6 17.7 12.2 7.5 8.1 9.2 11.9 7.4 12.9 14.9 11.6 15.4 12.6 11.6 14.92006 15.4 17.0 10.1 5.2 11.9 12.6 17.8 11.9 7.1 8.3 9.4 11.2 7.2 13.5 14.7 11.6 15.0 11.7 11.9 14.72007 15.5 16.2 10.4 5.4 12.4 12.6 17.6 12.6 6.8 8.1 9.4 11.2 6.9 13.0 14.4 11.3 14.6 11.6 11.6 14.52008 16.0 16.2 11.5 5.9 12.7 12.7 17.6 13.0 7.0 8.4 9.9 11.7 7.0 13.8 14.5 11.6 14.9 11.8 11.6 14.72009 16.6 17.0 13.0 6.0 12.4 12.9 18.3 13.4 7.8 9.6 13.1 12.8 7.1 13.2 14.9 12.1 15.8 12.5 12.3 15.22010 16.2 16.6 12.9 5.7 13.1 12.8 18.1 13.3 8.0 8.8 12.2 12.2 6.9 13.5 14.8 11.9 16.1 12.2 12.2 15.1

2011 16.5 16.4 11.7 6.1 13.2 12.7 18.3 13.1 7.9 8.8 11.5 12.1 7.1 14.2 14.8 12.0 15.9 12.2 12.1 15.12012 16.7 16.6 11.3 5.6 13.9 12.6 18.5 13.3 7.8 8.9 11.2 12.5 7.0 15.1 14.8 11.4 16.2 12.4 12.7 15.32013 16.8 16.6 11.1 5.8 13.5 12.4 18.8 13.4 7.6 8.7 11.1 12.4 6.9 15.3 15.2 12.0 15.8 13.5 12.7 15.52014 16.6 16.5 11.0 5.6 13.5 12.5 19.0 13.2 8.3 8.7 11.4 12.0 6.6 15.2 15.2 11.8 15.6 13.6 12.7 15.42015 16.4 16.5 11.3 4.3 13.8 12.2 18.8 13.2 8.3 8.6 11.9 12.0 6.2 14.5 15.1 11.6 15.7 13.9 12.7 15.22016 15.7 16.7 11.5 4.4 14.1 12.2 18.7 13.0 8.2 8.6 12.5 11.8 6.2 15.2 15.1 11.6 15.7 14.4 12.8 15.32017 15.6 16.9 11.4 4.3 14.4 12.3 18.7 13.0 8.5 8.8 12.5 12.2 6.2 14.3 15.1 11.6 15.7 14.9 12.1 15.22018 15.5 17.1 11.7 4.2 14.2 12.4 18.0 13.3 8.7 9.5 13.0 12.2 6.2 14.4 15.2 11.7 15.8 15.0 11.9 15.22019 15.5 17.4 11.9 4.2 14.3 12.9 16.8 13.5 10.7 10.0 10.1 12.1 6.1 13.9 15.3 11.9 16.1 15.2 11.8 15.12020 16.1 18.3 12.0 4.1 15.1 13.6 17.5 14.1 11.6 10.0 10.1 13.2 6.4 14.5 15.9 11.8 16.5 15.3 12.0 15.7

2021 15.2 17.6 12.3 3.9 14.4 12.5 16.6 13.4 12.1 9.6 10.0 12.8 6.2 14.0 15.4 11.8 15.9 14.8 12.3 15.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

119


55. Net social contributions; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.9

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.6 6.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.3 7.9 6.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.3 8.1 7.01992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.3 8.2 7.01993 : : : : : : : 5.8 : : : : : : 6.3 8.4 7.01994 : : : : : : : 6.2 : : : : : : 6.3 8.6 7.01995 6.8 14.2 1.7 15.6 14.6 12.2 7.9 5.9 15.7 : : : : : 6.3 9.0 7.01996 6.8 14.2 1.7 15.8 13.7 12.5 7.5 6.4 15.8 : : : : : 6.3 9.1 6.91997 7.7 14.5 1.6 15.3 13.9 12.7 7.2 6.7 15.8 : : : : : 6.4 9.4 6.91998 8.1 14.3 1.6 14.2 13.7 12.6 9.5 4.7 14.8 : : : : : 6.4 9.5 6.91999 9.9 14.3 2.2 14.0 13.1 14.7 11.4 4.5 14.8 : : : : : 6.6 9.6 6.92000 10.6 14.4 2.4 13.3 13.1 14.0 11.4 5.1 14.5 : : : : : 6.7 9.4 6.9

2001 9.6 14.3 2.3 12.8 12.8 14.6 11.3 4.6 14.4 : : : : : 6.9 9.9 7.02002 9.3 14.8 1.7 11.9 12.7 14.0 11.1 3.9 14.3 : : : : : 6.7 10.1 6.92003 10.1 15.0 1.7 11.8 12.5 13.8 10.2 3.9 14.4 : : : : : 7.1 10.4 6.82004 9.9 14.8 1.6 11.7 12.1 13.2 9.8 3.8 14.2 : : : : : 7.4 10.0 6.82005 9.4 14.8 1.5 11.6 12.3 13.3 10.3 3.5 14.1 : : : : : 7.5 10.2 6.72006 8.0 14.9 1.4 11.5 12.3 13.1 10.4 3.1 13.9 : : : : : 7.5 10.5 6.72007 7.7 15.0 1.4 11.5 13.5 12.8 10.3 3.2 13.7 : : : : : 7.4 10.6 6.72008 7.4 14.9 1.3 11.7 13.5 12.2 9.6 3.2 13.9 : : : : : 7.6 11.1 6.82009 7.2 14.2 1.4 12.1 12.9 12.1 9.7 3.3 14.4 : : : : 6.3 7.7 11.4 6.72010 6.7 14.6 1.3 11.8 11.9 11.9 9.4 3.1 14.1 : : : : 6.3 7.7 11.4 6.6

2011 6.7 14.7 1.3 11.6 13.0 12.2 9.1 3.3 14.2 : : : : 7.0 7.6 12.0 5.92012 6.8 14.8 1.2 11.5 13.7 13.0 8.8 3.3 14.3 : : : : 7.2 7.6 12.3 5.92013 7.5 14.8 1.1 11.2 13.4 13.4 8.6 3.4 14.4 : : : : 7.4 7.4 12.4 6.62014 7.8 14.6 1.0 11.8 13.3 13.2 8.5 3.3 14.4 : : : : 7.5 7.3 12.5 6.62015 7.8 14.4 1.0 12.0 13.3 13.5 8.1 3.3 14.2 : : : : 7.7 7.5 12.5 6.62016 7.7 14.7 0.9 11.9 13.9 13.8 8.8 3.3 14.3 : : : : 7.9 7.6 12.8 6.72017 8.3 15.0 0.9 11.9 12.9 13.9 9.4 3.3 14.3 : : : : 7.4 7.8 12.9 6.72018 8.7 15.7 0.8 12.0 12.3 14.1 11.4 3.4 14.3 : : : : 7.8 7.7 13.3 6.62019 8.9 15.8 0.8 11.8 11.9 14.3 11.3 3.4 14.2 : : 9.3 : 7.9 8.1 13.3 6.72020 9.4 16.2 0.8 11.0 12.0 14.2 11.7 2.8 14.8 : : 8.7 : 7.5 8.2 13.7 6.7

2021 8.9 16.1 0.8 11.8 11.5 14.1 11.6 3.5 14.2 : : 8.9 : 7.1 7.8 13.6 6.4

1) SNA 2008

120


56. Actual social contributions received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 17.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 9.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 18.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 9.4 :

1990 : 18.1 11.7

1991 : 15.4 : : : : 18.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.0 : 1992 : 15.7 : : : : 18.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.9 : 1993 : 16.3 : : : : 18.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.4 : 1994 : 16.6 : : : : 18.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.1 : 1995 14.2 16.9 11.9 4.3 9.0 11.3 18.2 12.4 6.1 11.0 7.2 9.5 6.0 14.7 14.8 7.7 17.3 14.7 14.1 15.21996 14.2 17.5 11.5 4.0 9.1 11.1 18.2 13.9 6.2 10.3 7.7 9.5 6.0 14.2 14.9 7.5 15.6 15.5 13.6 15.51997 14.1 17.7 11.1 3.8 9.3 11.3 17.8 14.1 6.3 10.2 9.0 9.6 6.4 14.0 14.8 7.7 14.9 14.6 12.7 15.41998 14.0 17.4 11.1 3.6 9.5 11.3 15.7 11.8 6.4 10.1 10.0 9.9 6.0 13.8 14.7 7.7 15.0 14.6 12.5 14.41999 14.0 17.2 11.0 3.6 9.6 11.6 15.9 11.8 6.2 10.3 10.1 9.7 6.0 14.3 14.7 7.8 14.8 13.8 12.4 14.42000 13.6 16.9 10.9 3.6 10.1 11.6 15.7 11.4 6.1 9.8 10.2 9.7 6.3 14.3 14.4 7.9 15.0 13.9 11.7 14.1

2001 13.8 16.7 10.6 3.8 10.2 11.8 15.7 11.5 6.3 9.1 9.7 10.4 6.4 12.7 14.3 8.2 15.1 14.1 11.8 14.02002 14.0 16.7 10.9 3.7 11.1 11.8 15.8 11.7 6.2 9.1 9.4 10.5 6.3 12.3 14.2 8.2 15.0 14.4 11.6 14.02003 13.9 16.9 10.6 3.7 11.0 11.8 16.0 11.8 6.4 8.4 9.2 10.7 6.1 12.8 14.2 8.3 14.9 13.6 11.4 14.12004 13.6 16.5 10.3 3.8 10.5 11.9 15.8 11.9 7.0 8.3 9.1 10.6 6.0 12.9 14.1 8.1 14.9 12.9 11.3 13.92005 13.4 16.3 10.1 3.8 10.7 11.8 15.9 12.0 7.5 7.9 8.9 10.6 6.0 12.1 14.0 8.2 15.1 12.5 11.6 13.82006 13.3 15.8 10.0 3.9 10.3 11.9 16.1 11.6 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.0 5.8 13.0 13.9 8.1 14.8 11.6 11.9 13.62007 13.4 15.0 10.3 4.1 10.7 11.9 15.8 12.3 6.8 7.9 9.1 10.0 5.6 12.5 13.6 8.2 14.4 11.5 11.6 13.52008 13.8 15.0 11.4 4.4 10.7 12.0 15.8 12.8 7.0 7.9 9.5 10.5 5.7 13.3 13.8 8.4 14.7 11.7 11.6 13.62009 14.3 15.7 12.8 5.2 10.2 12.1 16.4 13.2 7.8 9.2 12.6 11.5 5.7 12.6 14.2 8.6 15.6 12.4 12.3 14.12010 14.0 15.4 12.6 5.0 10.9 12.0 16.2 13.0 8.0 8.6 11.8 11.0 5.6 12.9 14.1 8.6 15.8 12.0 12.2 13.9

2011 14.1 15.2 11.5 5.3 10.7 11.9 16.4 12.9 7.9 8.7 11.1 10.9 5.9 13.6 14.1 8.9 15.6 12.0 12.1 14.02012 14.3 15.4 11.1 4.9 10.9 11.8 16.6 13.0 7.8 8.7 10.8 11.2 5.8 14.5 14.2 8.7 15.9 12.2 12.7 14.22013 14.4 15.4 10.9 5.0 10.7 11.7 16.9 13.1 7.6 8.5 10.8 11.1 5.7 14.7 14.6 8.9 15.5 13.3 12.7 14.32014 14.2 15.3 10.8 4.9 10.4 11.8 17.0 12.9 8.3 8.4 11.1 10.7 5.5 14.6 14.6 9.0 15.3 13.4 12.7 14.32015 14.1 15.4 11.1 3.9 10.6 11.5 16.8 13.0 8.3 8.3 11.6 10.7 5.2 13.9 14.6 9.0 15.4 13.7 12.7 14.12016 13.5 15.6 11.3 3.9 10.9 11.5 16.8 12.8 8.2 8.2 12.1 10.5 5.2 14.7 14.6 9.1 15.4 14.2 12.8 14.22017 13.4 15.8 11.2 3.8 11.5 11.6 16.9 12.7 8.5 8.4 12.2 10.9 5.3 13.8 14.6 9.2 15.4 14.7 12.1 14.22018 13.3 16.0 11.4 3.8 11.6 11.8 16.1 13.0 8.7 9.1 12.7 10.9 5.3 14.0 14.8 9.4 15.5 14.8 11.9 14.12019 13.3 16.2 11.6 3.9 11.9 12.3 15.0 13.3 10.7 9.5 9.7 10.9 5.3 13.5 14.9 9.7 15.8 15.0 11.8 14.02020 13.8 17.0 11.7 3.8 12.6 13.0 15.5 13.8 11.6 9.5 9.7 11.8 5.6 14.0 15.5 9.5 16.3 15.0 12.0 14.6

2021 13.1 16.4 12.1 3.7 12.0 11.9 14.8 13.2 12.1 9.2 9.7 11.4 5.4 13.5 15.0 9.5 15.6 14.5 12.3 14.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

121


56. Actual social contributions received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.8

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.0 6.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.6 7.4 6.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.6 7.6 7.01992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.6 7.8 6.91993 : : : : : : : 5.8 : : : : : : 5.6 8.0 6.91994 : : : : : : : 6.2 : : : : : : 5.7 8.2 7.01995 6.6 14.2 1.1 15.6 14.5 11.3 7.7 5.4 14.4 : : : : : 5.7 8.6 7.01996 6.6 14.2 1.1 15.8 13.6 11.5 7.3 5.9 14.7 : : : : : 5.6 8.7 6.91997 7.4 14.5 1.1 15.3 13.8 11.7 7.0 6.2 14.6 : : : : : 6.0 8.9 6.81998 7.8 14.3 1.1 14.2 13.6 11.7 9.2 4.6 13.7 : : : : : 6.1 9.1 6.91999 9.5 14.3 1.7 14.0 13.0 13.8 11.0 4.4 13.7 : : : : : 6.3 9.1 6.92000 10.6 14.4 1.9 13.3 13.1 13.0 11.1 5.0 13.5 : : : : : 6.4 8.9 6.9

2001 9.6 14.3 1.8 12.8 12.7 13.6 11.0 4.5 13.3 : : : : : 6.5 9.4 6.92002 9.3 14.8 1.3 11.9 12.6 13.0 10.7 3.8 13.3 : : : : : 6.4 9.5 6.92003 10.1 15.0 1.3 11.8 12.4 12.7 9.8 3.8 13.4 : : : : : 6.9 9.8 6.82004 9.9 14.8 1.2 11.7 12.0 12.2 9.3 3.7 13.2 : : : : : 7.3 9.5 6.82005 9.4 14.8 1.2 11.6 12.2 12.3 9.7 3.4 13.1 : : : : : 7.4 9.7 6.72006 8.0 14.9 1.1 11.5 12.2 12.1 9.8 3.0 12.9 : : : : : 7.4 9.9 6.72007 7.7 15.0 1.1 11.5 13.4 11.9 9.6 3.0 12.7 : : : : : 7.4 10.0 6.62008 7.4 14.9 1.0 11.7 13.4 11.3 9.0 3.1 12.9 : : : : : 7.5 10.4 6.72009 7.2 14.2 1.0 12.1 12.8 11.2 9.0 3.2 13.3 : : : : : 7.6 10.7 6.62010 6.7 14.6 1.0 11.8 11.8 10.9 8.7 3.0 13.1 : : : : : 7.5 10.8 6.5

2011 6.7 14.7 1.1 11.6 12.9 11.2 9.1 3.1 13.1 : : : : : 7.5 11.3 5.92012 6.8 14.8 1.0 11.5 13.7 12.1 8.8 3.2 13.3 : : : : : 7.5 11.7 5.82013 7.5 14.8 0.8 11.2 13.3 12.4 8.6 3.2 13.4 : : : : : 7.3 11.8 6.62014 7.8 14.6 0.8 11.8 13.2 12.2 8.5 3.2 13.4 : : : : : 7.2 12.0 6.62015 7.8 14.4 0.8 12.0 13.2 12.5 8.1 3.1 13.2 : : : : : 7.4 12.0 6.62016 7.7 14.7 0.8 11.9 13.8 12.8 8.0 3.1 13.3 : : : : : 7.5 12.4 6.62017 8.3 15.0 0.7 11.9 12.9 12.9 8.4 3.1 13.3 : : : : : 7.7 12.5 6.62018 8.7 15.6 0.7 12.0 12.3 13.2 10.6 3.2 13.3 : : : : : 7.7 12.8 6.62019 8.9 15.8 0.7 11.8 11.9 13.4 10.5 3.3 13.3 : : 9.0 : : 8.1 12.9 6.72020 9.4 16.1 0.7 11.0 11.9 13.1 10.9 2.6 13.7 : : 8.6 : : 8.1 13.3 6.7

2021 8.9 16.1 0.7 11.8 11.4 13.3 10.8 3.3 13.2 : : 7.3 : : 7.7 13.2 6.4

1) SNA 2008

122


57. Other current revenue including sales; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1 :

1980 : : : : : : 4.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 6.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 5.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.0 :

1990 : 5.4 8.8

1991 : 4.6 : : : : 5.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 10.4 : 1992 : 5.2 : : : : 5.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.5 : 1993 : 5.0 : : : : 5.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.7 : 1994 : 5.1 : : : : 5.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 9.7 : 1995 3.4 4.7 5.3 3.8 5.4 4.4 5.8 4.0 5.3 3.5 5.4 5.6 7.5 7.1 6.7 5.1 5.5 5.3 10.2 5.11996 3.6 4.6 4.4 3.8 5.3 4.3 5.9 4.1 5.5 4.9 6.0 5.1 6.4 6.9 6.8 5.2 5.6 4.6 10.1 5.01997 3.4 4.4 5.0 3.4 5.4 4.1 5.7 4.0 5.5 4.0 7.2 5.2 6.0 6.6 4.7 5.2 5.7 5.7 9.5 4.81998 3.5 4.2 4.3 3.2 5.0 3.9 5.5 3.9 5.2 4.7 5.4 5.2 5.8 6.2 4.6 4.8 5.8 4.2 8.8 4.61999 3.4 4.2 4.1 2.8 5.1 3.9 5.2 4.0 4.6 5.1 5.0 4.7 6.0 5.9 4.8 5.5 5.6 5.7 8.1 4.62000 3.5 4.1 4.7 2.8 5.1 3.5 5.3 3.8 4.9 4.3 5.3 4.8 5.2 6.0 4.9 5.3 5.9 6.2 8.9 4.5

2001 3.8 4.3 4.6 2.7 5.9 3.7 5.6 4.0 5.2 3.9 4.1 5.0 5.3 6.3 5.4 4.9 6.1 5.1 9.0 4.72002 3.8 4.3 4.9 2.6 4.7 3.5 5.5 4.0 4.9 4.5 3.8 4.8 5.1 5.8 5.5 5.1 6.3 4.2 9.1 4.62003 3.7 4.5 5.5 2.5 4.7 3.3 5.2 3.8 5.7 4.5 3.3 4.6 5.2 6.0 5.7 5.1 5.8 4.5 9.2 4.62004 3.6 4.3 5.1 2.6 5.5 3.2 5.2 3.9 4.6 5.8 3.0 4.6 5.3 6.3 5.6 5.5 5.6 3.8 9.4 4.62005 3.8 4.3 4.8 2.7 4.4 3.1 5.3 3.8 5.0 5.5 3.6 4.4 4.1 6.3 6.4 5.2 5.5 5.4 9.5 4.62006 3.8 4.3 5.2 2.9 4.3 3.4 5.4 3.8 4.8 6.4 2.8 4.7 4.0 6.6 6.3 5.5 5.1 5.7 9.8 4.62007 3.7 4.3 4.8 2.9 4.7 3.6 5.4 3.8 4.9 5.1 2.9 4.8 4.2 6.4 6.2 5.9 4.9 4.8 10.2 4.72008 4.0 4.4 5.1 3.5 5.1 3.7 5.6 3.9 4.6 5.1 3.3 5.3 4.8 7.1 6.0 6.1 5.6 5.4 10.8 4.92009 4.2 4.9 6.5 4.0 5.0 4.0 5.8 4.1 4.6 6.9 3.7 5.0 4.3 7.0 6.4 6.5 5.5 6.5 10.7 5.12010 4.4 4.9 5.8 4.6 5.2 3.9 5.8 4.1 5.0 7.4 4.4 4.9 4.1 6.8 6.4 5.9 5.9 5.8 10.6 5.2

2011 4.7 5.2 5.4 4.6 5.6 4.0 5.8 4.1 4.3 6.9 4.0 4.7 4.0 6.6 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.7 10.7 5.22012 4.8 5.1 5.3 4.8 5.8 4.2 5.6 4.1 4.3 6.5 4.0 4.8 4.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.6 6.9 10.7 5.32013 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.6 6.7 4.3 5.6 4.4 4.8 6.2 3.8 4.7 4.1 7.2 6.3 7.0 6.9 7.2 10.7 5.42014 4.9 5.2 5.2 4.2 5.4 4.1 5.6 4.5 6.3 5.8 3.8 4.6 3.7 6.3 6.3 6.8 6.3 7.1 10.7 5.32015 4.6 5.0 5.1 3.2 5.6 3.8 5.6 4.4 6.1 5.7 4.0 4.8 4.1 5.5 6.3 6.2 6.3 8.1 10.4 5.12016 4.8 4.9 4.9 2.8 6.5 3.7 5.5 4.3 5.4 5.8 3.9 4.6 5.1 5.0 6.2 5.9 6.1 6.4 10.1 5.02017 4.8 4.8 5.0 2.6 5.6 3.5 5.4 4.2 5.1 5.8 3.5 4.5 5.9 4.9 6.0 5.7 6.1 6.1 10.0 4.82018 4.9 5.0 4.7 2.4 5.2 3.5 5.3 4.3 5.1 5.9 3.6 4.4 5.1 4.7 6.0 5.6 6.1 5.9 10.1 4.82019 4.8 5.0 4.9 2.3 5.4 3.6 5.2 4.5 5.4 6.2 3.8 4.3 4.7 4.3 5.9 5.6 5.6 6.3 10.1 4.92020 4.9 5.3 5.2 2.2 4.7 3.7 5.8 4.8 7.0 6.1 3.7 4.1 4.8 4.3 6.3 5.9 5.6 7.0 10.1 5.1

2021 4.8 5.2 5.0 2.1 4.5 3.7 5.5 4.6 7.5 5.7 3.5 4.1 4.8 4.2 6.1 5.7 5.4 6.6 10.1 5.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

123


57. Other current revenue including sales; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 AL ME MK RS TR UK JP US

1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.0

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1 6.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.7 5.4 6.1

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.7 5.5 6.31992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.6 5.4 6.21993 : : : : : : : 12.2 : : : : : : 2.5 5.5 6.21994 : : : : : : : 11.5 : : : : : : 2.4 : 6.21995 4.8 5.4 6.9 20.5 6.0 5.9 4.2 9.9 5.3 : : : : : 2.4 : 6.31996 5.4 5.4 7.3 18.6 6.7 5.4 3.5 9.5 5.3 : : : : : 2.4 : 6.31997 5.6 5.1 6.5 15.2 5.8 5.3 3.6 8.6 5.0 : : : : : 2.3 : 6.11998 7.6 5.4 6.3 18.6 5.2 4.6 3.1 8.6 4.8 : : : : : 2.4 : 6.11999 11.3 5.0 6.0 19.0 4.8 5.1 3.4 7.6 4.8 : : : : : 2.3 : 6.02000 9.5 4.7 6.1 17.1 4.6 5.2 3.2 7.2 4.7 : : : : : 2.5 : 6.1

2001 11.6 5.0 6.5 18.1 4.6 6.2 3.8 7.0 4.9 : : : : : 2.6 : 6.22002 10.2 4.9 6.2 9.0 4.2 6.4 4.4 6.9 4.8 : : : : : 2.5 : 6.12003 7.9 5.1 6.4 7.9 4.2 6.0 3.9 6.8 4.7 : : : : : 2.4 : 6.12004 8.2 5.2 7.1 7.5 4.9 5.5 4.2 6.7 4.7 : : : : : 2.7 : 6.02005 7.5 4.9 6.9 7.0 4.6 5.9 3.7 7.1 4.8 : : : : : 2.9 6.8 6.02006 5.8 4.8 7.1 6.5 4.9 5.8 4.1 6.9 4.8 : : : : : 3.1 7.0 6.22007 6.5 4.8 7.0 6.2 4.8 5.0 4.5 7.3 4.8 : : : : : 3.3 6.9 6.32008 7.6 4.9 7.7 6.1 5.2 5.0 4.3 7.5 5.0 : : : : : 3.4 6.9 6.32009 7.4 5.3 7.6 6.3 5.8 4.9 4.0 7.3 5.3 : : : : 7.0 3.5 7.0 6.72010 6.1 5.3 7.7 5.8 5.8 4.9 4.8 7.0 5.3 : : : : 7.1 3.4 6.7 6.8

2011 5.7 5.4 7.9 5.6 5.4 4.6 4.4 7.0 5.3 : : : : 6.4 3.2 6.7 6.72012 6.1 5.5 7.6 6.2 5.9 4.8 4.3 7.0 5.4 : : : : 6.9 3.2 6.5 6.52013 7.2 5.7 7.4 6.3 6.4 4.6 4.5 6.9 5.4 : : : : 6.3 4.2 6.6 7.12014 7.2 5.4 6.5 6.5 6.0 4.7 4.5 6.4 5.3 : : : : 6.2 3.6 6.8 6.82015 6.0 5.2 5.9 7.6 5.9 4.6 4.7 6.0 5.1 : : : : 6.0 3.6 6.8 6.72016 5.9 4.9 5.8 8.1 5.5 3.9 4.0 6.0 5.0 : : : : 6.1 3.5 6.6 6.52017 6.0 4.6 5.8 8.0 5.3 4.0 3.7 5.9 4.9 : : : : 5.5 3.7 6.7 6.42018 8.2 4.9 6.0 7.5 5.8 4.1 4.2 6.1 4.9 : : : : 6.5 3.6 6.9 6.22019 7.2 4.7 5.9 7.8 5.4 4.0 3.9 6.1 4.9 : : : : 7.5 3.5 : 6.02020 7.7 5.1 6.3 8.7 5.8 4.1 4.5 6.5 5.2 : : : : 6.5 3.7 : 6.4

2021 7.8 4.8 6.0 8.6 5.6 3.9 4.1 6.4 5.0 : : : : 6.5 3.6 : 6.2

124


58. Total current revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 43.4 :

1980 : : : : : : 46.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 43.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 49.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 49.4 :

1990 : 47.7 53.0

1991 : 43.0 : : : : 48.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.6 : 1992 : 44.4 : : : : 47.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.3 : 1993 : 44.8 : : : : 48.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.8 : 1994 : 45.4 : : : : 49.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.9 : 1995 47.9 45.2 40.4 36.9 34.6 36.1 49.4 43.6 30.1 34.1 33.0 42.7 35.0 44.7 49.4 36.2 44.8 44.9 54.9 45.01996 48.7 45.4 38.4 37.1 34.6 35.8 50.7 44.5 29.9 34.4 33.3 42.1 31.9 44.6 50.9 37.1 43.9 43.3 56.0 45.51997 49.0 45.2 38.6 36.1 35.8 36.4 50.6 45.6 29.4 34.9 38.5 43.5 33.6 43.6 49.5 37.1 42.9 42.4 54.5 45.51998 49.6 45.1 38.0 35.1 36.7 37.1 50.3 44.5 30.3 36.7 38.1 44.4 31.4 42.6 49.4 37.1 43.6 40.5 53.6 45.21999 49.3 46.1 36.5 34.8 38.0 37.4 50.7 45.0 30.0 36.5 37.9 42.4 33.8 43.3 49.2 38.4 43.8 40.6 52.3 45.72000 48.9 45.8 35.8 34.4 39.5 36.9 50.0 43.7 32.1 33.8 36.4 43.2 33.3 43.0 48.4 38.5 43.7 40.0 54.4 45.1

2001 49.3 44.0 35.0 32.3 38.9 36.9 50.0 43.9 33.1 32.7 33.8 43.8 35.2 42.0 50.5 37.9 44.0 38.0 51.9 44.52002 49.5 43.6 36.0 31.5 39.0 37.1 49.3 43.4 32.8 32.5 33.0 43.5 35.7 41.1 49.5 38.8 44.7 37.1 52.1 44.02003 48.9 44.2 36.4 32.1 37.4 36.8 48.8 42.4 34.5 32.2 32.0 43.4 35.8 41.0 49.3 38.0 44.4 37.2 51.4 43.72004 48.5 43.0 36.1 33.3 37.2 37.5 48.9 42.6 33.2 33.6 32.2 42.4 36.3 41.3 48.7 38.9 44.3 35.4 50.9 43.52005 48.6 43.1 34.5 33.8 37.5 38.6 49.5 42.7 35.2 33.4 33.0 43.4 36.5 41.5 48.4 39.4 44.8 36.7 51.3 43.82006 48.4 43.2 35.6 35.3 36.7 39.6 50.1 43.9 36.6 35.2 33.1 41.6 36.9 42.6 47.6 40.3 44.0 34.9 51.6 44.32007 48.1 43.3 35.7 34.7 37.9 40.2 49.7 45.2 40.6 33.5 33.0 42.1 37.9 41.9 47.6 40.8 43.0 33.9 51.3 44.42008 49.2 43.7 36.2 33.6 38.5 36.1 49.8 45.0 39.1 33.3 34.0 43.2 37.7 43.0 48.2 41.0 43.2 34.2 51.6 44.22009 48.8 44.7 41.3 32.6 37.6 34.1 49.7 45.0 36.2 34.6 34.3 44.6 37.6 42.2 48.3 39.7 42.9 35.3 51.3 44.12010 49.2 43.4 38.8 32.7 39.2 35.7 49.8 45.3 36.6 35.9 33.1 43.6 36.9 42.3 48.2 39.4 44.1 33.8 51.0 44.1

2011 50.4 44.0 36.6 33.3 41.6 35.6 50.8 44.9 35.9 35.2 31.5 43.0 37.1 42.1 48.1 41.5 43.8 35.7 52.3 44.62012 51.4 44.5 36.8 33.7 44.4 37.0 51.9 47.3 35.9 35.6 31.2 44.4 37.2 42.6 48.8 41.1 44.7 35.5 52.9 45.82013 52.0 44.6 36.6 33.9 45.1 37.8 52.9 47.5 36.5 35.6 30.9 44.2 37.5 43.3 49.4 44.0 44.5 38.1 53.9 46.32014 51.6 44.5 37.2 33.5 44.3 38.2 53.0 47.5 39.9 35.5 31.4 43.4 36.9 43.3 49.5 43.7 43.8 38.9 54.0 46.32015 50.5 44.6 38.3 26.7 45.0 37.6 52.8 47.2 39.1 35.8 33.0 43.0 35.5 42.3 49.9 43.0 44.0 40.7 53.7 45.82016 49.9 45.0 38.5 26.5 47.7 37.3 52.7 46.3 37.5 37.0 33.6 42.6 36.9 43.3 48.4 42.3 43.9 39.5 53.6 45.72017 50.4 45.3 37.7 25.5 46.8 37.4 53.2 45.9 38.1 37.2 33.0 43.2 38.4 43.4 48.2 42.0 43.6 40.2 52.6 45.82018 50.7 46.0 37.5 25.1 46.5 38.2 52.9 46.1 38.7 37.2 33.9 45.2 37.3 43.3 48.6 42.5 43.7 40.1 52.2 46.02019 49.7 46.5 38.1 24.9 46.1 38.3 52.0 46.9 40.8 37.4 34.2 44.6 36.7 43.4 48.8 42.5 43.5 41.0 51.8 46.02020 49.9 46.8 37.6 23.8 46.0 38.8 52.2 47.5 42.5 36.4 33.7 45.2 38.1 41.8 50.0 42.3 43.9 40.6 52.1 46.2

2021 49.1 46.4 38.0 23.4 44.6 38.1 52.2 46.3 43.8 35.7 33.6 46.1 37.5 41.9 48.9 41.9 42.7 40.2 53.1 45.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

125


58. Total current revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.2

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 30.6 31.1

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 33.8 32.9 32.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 33.5 32.7 32.21992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 32.8 32.5 32.01993 : : : : : : : 59.0 : : : : : : 31.6 31.3 32.21994 : : : : : : : 58.7 : : : : : : 32.1 31.6 32.61995 26.1 40.0 54.8 62.0 46.3 43.6 32.0 56.2 45.5 : : : : : 33.0 31.7 32.91996 28.5 38.6 55.5 60.8 46.1 43.1 29.6 58.1 46.0 : : : : : 32.8 31.7 33.31997 31.0 38.7 54.6 55.8 43.7 42.5 30.2 57.3 45.9 : : : : : 33.4 32.4 33.61998 34.9 37.8 54.9 60.4 43.0 41.0 32.4 57.4 45.6 : : : : : 34.9 31.5 33.91999 41.4 38.2 55.3 59.6 43.3 41.2 34.8 56.8 46.1 : : : : : 35.5 31.9 33.82000 40.1 37.3 54.4 56.1 43.9 39.1 33.8 56.3 45.5 : : : : : 36.5 31.8 34.3

2001 41.5 37.5 53.8 55.7 42.7 40.3 32.8 54.0 44.8 : : : : : 36.3 32.2 33.42002 37.8 38.3 53.0 46.7 41.7 40.6 32.9 52.3 44.3 : : : : : 35.3 31.3 31.12003 38.0 39.2 53.3 45.0 41.5 39.7 32.9 52.7 44.0 : : : : : 35.3 30.8 30.62004 39.4 39.8 54.7 43.8 41.8 38.5 32.3 52.8 43.8 : : : : : 36.6 30.6 30.92005 37.5 38.9 56.1 43.2 41.0 39.8 32.4 54.2 44.1 : : : : : 37.2 31.7 32.32006 35.1 38.6 54.7 43.3 41.3 40.4 33.4 53.4 44.5 : : : : : 37.5 32.9 33.12007 37.4 39.1 54.5 43.3 44.0 40.6 33.4 52.9 44.6 : : : : : 37.8 33.5 33.22008 37.6 37.9 53.4 42.9 44.4 40.0 31.6 52.0 44.3 : : : : : 37.5 33.2 32.22009 34.1 37.4 53.6 42.7 44.6 37.0 29.9 51.6 44.0 : : : : 31.7 36.7 32.4 30.02010 31.8 37.9 53.8 41.8 42.8 37.1 31.8 50.3 44.0 : : : : 32.8 37.8 31.9 30.6

2011 30.7 39.0 54.0 40.7 41.9 37.3 32.6 49.4 44.5 : : : : 32.7 38.0 33.0 31.02012 32.5 39.6 54.3 42.1 45.0 37.8 32.0 49.6 45.5 : : : : 33.1 37.2 33.5 30.92013 35.2 40.4 55.1 42.6 45.0 37.4 31.8 50.0 46.0 : : : : 32.9 37.9 34.3 33.02014 35.3 39.1 57.0 43.1 44.5 37.5 32.0 49.2 46.0 : : : : 32.2 37.1 35.8 33.02015 34.7 39.1 53.7 44.8 44.7 37.9 32.7 49.2 45.5 : : : : 32.3 37.3 36.1 33.22016 34.5 40.1 52.5 45.8 44.8 38.2 30.6 50.5 45.5 : : : : 32.8 37.8 36.1 32.72017 35.0 40.3 52.7 45.7 43.5 39.0 29.4 50.5 45.5 : : : : 31.2 38.3 36.5 32.32018 37.7 41.3 51.4 46.0 43.2 40.1 30.9 50.4 45.7 : : : : 32.2 38.3 37.5 31.12019 37.5 41.3 53.2 46.6 42.2 40.2 30.6 49.6 45.7 : : : : 32.7 38.5 37.8 30.92020 38.3 41.0 52.0 45.0 43.2 39.5 30.9 49.3 45.8 : : : : 30.2 37.6 38.9 31.3

2021 37.3 40.8 51.2 46.1 41.8 39.2 30.7 49.6 45.4 : : : : 29.5 36.3 38.5 30.3

1) SNA 2008

126


59. Final consumption expenditure of general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 16.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 21.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 22.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 19.7 :

1990 : 21.2 20.9

1991 : 18.7 : : : : 21.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.9 : 1992 : 19.2 : : : : 22.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 24.3 : 1993 : 19.4 : : : : 23.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.3 : 1994 : 19.3 : : : : 23.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 22.4 : 1995 21.3 19.4 24.6 17.2 17.8 17.6 23.2 17.4 12.4 23.6 24.0 15.5 18.0 22.4 19.6 17.5 17.8 23.8 21.9 20.01996 21.7 19.7 22.6 16.6 17.6 17.5 23.5 17.6 13.1 22.0 24.1 15.4 19.1 21.4 19.6 17.7 17.7 25.3 22.2 20.11997 21.2 19.4 20.4 16.1 17.7 17.0 23.4 17.7 14.8 21.1 24.2 15.6 18.4 21.0 19.6 17.6 17.6 23.0 21.3 19.81998 21.1 19.1 20.7 15.5 17.5 16.9 22.6 17.5 16.1 22.7 25.9 15.2 18.3 20.8 19.6 17.8 17.6 23.2 20.6 19.51999 21.3 19.2 22.1 14.9 18.0 16.8 22.6 17.5 16.1 22.6 23.7 14.8 17.8 20.6 19.8 18.0 17.8 21.1 20.3 19.52000 21.0 19.0 19.8 14.7 18.3 16.7 22.3 17.7 15.1 21.0 22.4 14.5 17.7 20.6 19.2 18.9 18.5 20.7 19.7 19.4

2001 21.3 18.9 18.8 15.4 18.7 16.5 22.1 18.4 15.9 20.6 21.1 15.5 19.0 21.0 19.0 19.2 18.8 20.9 19.9 19.52002 22.1 19.2 18.3 15.8 19.2 16.6 22.7 18.5 16.6 20.7 20.6 15.9 18.8 22.1 18.8 19.6 18.7 20.4 20.6 19.82003 22.5 19.3 18.0 16.0 19.0 16.8 23.1 19.0 17.9 21.2 19.6 16.4 18.9 22.9 19.0 20.1 18.8 20.7 21.1 20.12004 22.2 18.8 17.5 16.1 19.2 17.2 23.0 19.2 16.6 20.0 19.2 16.5 19.1 22.5 18.9 20.4 18.8 18.8 21.2 20.02005 22.1 18.8 17.0 16.0 20.0 17.3 23.1 19.6 16.5 17.9 18.5 16.8 18.1 22.3 19.3 21.0 18.9 18.5 21.4 20.12006 21.9 18.3 16.0 16.2 20.2 17.4 22.8 19.5 16.9 17.3 19.1 15.3 18.6 23.2 19.3 20.3 18.7 18.8 21.3 19.92007 21.6 17.9 16.1 16.9 20.5 17.7 22.4 19.0 16.4 17.7 17.4 14.6 17.9 23.2 18.7 19.6 17.5 17.1 20.8 19.62008 22.7 18.3 18.7 18.8 20.7 18.8 22.6 19.6 17.1 19.7 18.7 15.2 19.7 23.5 19.3 19.8 18.2 17.5 21.6 20.12009 24.2 20.0 21.1 20.1 23.3 20.6 24.1 20.7 18.8 19.1 21.2 17.0 19.8 26.0 20.7 21.3 20.2 20.0 24.1 21.82010 23.7 19.6 20.1 18.8 22.2 20.6 24.0 20.6 18.5 18.5 19.9 16.6 19.5 26.2 20.5 20.6 20.4 19.2 23.7 21.5

2011 24.0 19.1 18.7 18.3 21.7 20.7 23.7 19.8 19.1 18.3 18.4 16.4 19.7 25.8 19.9 19.7 20.6 18.3 23.4 21.12012 24.3 19.3 18.5 17.7 21.8 20.0 24.0 19.8 18.8 17.5 17.5 17.2 20.2 26.0 19.9 18.3 20.4 17.7 24.1 21.22013 24.3 19.6 19.0 16.9 20.5 19.9 24.1 19.8 18.5 17.7 16.7 17.3 19.4 25.8 19.9 18.8 19.6 18.0 24.5 21.32014 24.2 19.6 19.1 16.0 20.4 19.6 24.1 19.5 16.8 17.6 16.6 16.7 18.9 25.7 19.8 18.4 18.9 18.4 24.5 21.12015 23.6 19.6 20.0 12.3 20.3 19.5 23.8 19.1 16.4 18.2 17.2 16.5 17.6 25.0 19.8 17.9 18.8 18.6 24.4 20.72016 23.3 19.8 20.4 12.4 20.2 19.1 23.7 19.0 15.3 18.2 17.0 16.0 16.1 24.7 19.7 17.6 19.1 18.9 23.7 20.72017 23.0 19.9 19.9 12.1 20.1 18.6 23.6 18.8 15.0 18.2 16.3 16.5 15.3 24.3 19.4 17.2 18.4 18.9 22.8 20.52018 23.0 19.9 19.6 11.9 19.1 18.6 23.3 19.0 14.9 18.1 16.5 16.8 16.2 24.4 19.3 16.9 18.3 18.6 22.9 20.42019 23.2 20.4 19.9 12.0 19.4 18.7 22.8 18.8 16.9 18.2 17.0 17.1 17.4 24.4 19.3 16.9 18.4 19.6 23.1 20.52020 25.7 22.4 23.2 13.9 22.7 22.1 25.3 21.5 21.5 20.4 20.2 19.6 21.0 27.0 21.2 18.6 21.2 22.3 26.3 23.0

2021 24.1 21.7 21.4 12.9 20.7 20.6 23.4 20.1 21.3 19.5 18.3 19.2 19.7 26.6 20.2 17.3 19.7 21.4 25.0 21.7

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

127


59. Final consumption expenditure of general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 18.0

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 17.6

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 15.9

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 13.6 15.9

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 16.6 13.0 15.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 17.3 13.1 16.31992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 17.9 13.5 16.11993 : : : : : : : 27.6 : : : : : : 17.3 14.0 15.61994 : : : : : : : 26.6 : : : : : : 17.0 15.0 15.21995 15.2 20.4 24.1 25.0 22.9 18.9 12.2 25.7 20.2 : : : : : 16.9 15.4 14.91996 13.7 19.7 24.1 22.5 21.6 18.5 11.7 26.0 20.3 : : : : : 16.6 15.4 14.51997 12.1 20.3 23.6 21.7 21.3 18.1 12.7 25.5 20.0 : : : : : 16.2 15.6 14.21998 18.2 19.3 24.1 22.7 20.9 17.7 11.9 25.6 19.7 : : : : : 16.2 16.0 14.01999 19.4 20.2 24.4 23.6 21.3 17.9 16.7 25.6 19.8 : : : : : 16.6 16.5 14.02000 19.8 19.9 23.9 21.4 21.2 18.1 16.9 24.7 19.7 : : : : : 16.8 16.9 14.0

2001 19.4 19.8 24.3 19.2 21.1 18.7 15.8 24.9 19.7 : : : : : 17.4 17.5 14.52002 19.2 21.3 24.9 19.1 21.9 18.6 14.8 25.6 20.1 : : : : : 18.2 18.1 15.02003 20.1 22.3 25.0 18.5 23.0 18.9 16.0 25.9 20.4 : : : : : 18.9 18.2 15.22004 19.4 21.0 24.9 18.6 22.1 18.3 14.7 25.2 20.2 : : : : : 19.5 18.1 15.22005 18.2 20.7 24.5 18.5 22.2 18.3 16.2 25.1 20.3 : : : : : 19.7 18.1 15.12006 18.1 20.2 24.2 18.4 22.0 18.5 15.9 24.8 20.1 : : : : : 19.8 18.0 15.02007 16.7 19.4 24.3 19.1 20.8 18.1 15.4 24.3 19.8 : : : : : 19.7 17.9 15.22008 17.2 19.4 25.1 18.7 21.4 18.6 15.9 24.7 20.3 : : : : : 20.5 18.4 16.02009 16.7 21.0 27.9 20.5 22.1 18.7 16.1 26.1 21.9 : : : : 15.8 22.1 19.6 16.82010 16.6 20.8 27.4 20.5 21.6 19.1 15.5 25.1 21.6 : : : : 15.0 21.7 19.5 16.7

2011 15.9 20.2 26.6 20.7 20.7 18.1 14.3 25.0 21.2 : : : : 13.7 21.0 20.2 16.22012 15.9 19.8 26.5 20.6 20.1 17.9 14.5 25.8 21.2 : : : : 14.2 20.8 20.3 15.52013 17.2 20.2 26.0 20.3 19.8 18.1 14.3 26.3 21.3 : : : : 14.1 20.1 20.2 15.12014 16.9 19.7 25.8 20.8 20.1 18.2 14.5 26.2 21.2 : : : : 14.1 19.8 20.2 14.62015 16.1 19.2 25.5 20.1 19.8 18.0 14.0 25.8 20.8 : : : : 13.9 19.5 19.8 14.42016 15.6 19.3 24.9 19.6 20.1 17.9 15.1 26.4 20.8 : : : : 14.8 19.1 19.9 14.32017 15.6 19.2 24.6 19.5 20.4 17.7 15.7 26.1 20.6 : : : : 14.5 18.7 19.6 14.12018 16.5 19.9 24.3 19.6 20.0 17.8 16.8 26.0 20.5 : : : : 14.8 18.5 19.8 14.12019 17.5 20.2 24.0 19.8 19.3 17.9 17.3 26.0 20.6 : : 14.8 : 15.7 18.9 20.0 14.12020 20.6 22.6 26.7 22.5 22.0 19.5 19.3 29.0 23.0 : : 15.5 : 17.2 22.0 21.6 16.8

2021 19.8 21.9 25.7 21.2 20.5 18.9 18.9 28.0 21.9 : : 14.9 : 17.4 21.0 22.0 14.6

1) SNA 2008

128


60. Collective consumption expenditureESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.8 :

1980 : : : : : : 8.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 6.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 9.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 7.1 :

1990 : 8.5 7.3

1991 : 8.1 : : : : 8.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 : 1992 : 8.2 : : : : 8.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.7 : 1993 : 8.4 : : : : 9.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.6 : 1994 : 8.1 : : : : 9.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.4 : 1995 8.6 7.9 10.4 6.6 8.1 7.8 8.9 7.8 7.3 12.0 13.8 7.1 9.0 9.3 8.2 7.6 6.8 19.5 8.1 8.31996 8.5 7.9 9.6 6.3 8.1 7.7 9.2 7.8 7.5 11.6 13.5 7.1 9.7 8.8 8.2 7.5 6.9 15.4 8.2 8.31997 8.3 7.8 9.2 6.1 8.0 7.5 9.3 7.7 8.4 11.2 12.6 7.2 8.8 8.6 7.9 7.2 7.0 11.5 8.1 8.11998 8.1 7.6 9.3 5.8 7.8 7.4 8.7 7.6 9.3 12.5 13.1 6.8 9.0 8.4 7.7 7.4 7.0 11.5 7.5 7.91999 8.2 7.7 10.0 5.3 8.0 7.3 8.7 7.6 9.0 12.3 10.0 6.4 8.9 8.2 7.9 7.3 7.2 11.8 7.5 7.92000 8.1 7.7 9.0 5.3 9.3 7.3 8.5 7.6 8.4 10.9 11.5 6.4 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.9 7.5 12.0 7.1 7.9

2001 8.4 7.5 8.6 5.4 9.6 7.3 8.3 7.9 9.1 10.9 10.4 6.7 10.6 8.2 7.4 7.9 7.5 12.2 7.6 7.92002 8.8 7.7 8.3 5.4 10.0 7.2 8.3 7.9 9.3 10.3 9.7 6.9 10.1 8.5 7.1 8.0 7.4 11.7 7.8 7.92003 8.7 7.6 8.3 5.4 9.4 7.3 8.3 8.2 10.1 11.2 9.3 7.1 10.2 8.7 7.1 8.2 7.6 12.7 7.8 8.02004 8.5 7.5 7.8 5.3 9.9 7.3 8.3 8.3 9.4 10.2 9.1 7.0 10.0 8.3 7.2 8.4 7.5 11.5 7.7 7.92005 8.5 7.3 7.6 5.0 9.9 7.2 8.3 8.4 9.4 9.4 8.4 7.1 9.4 8.1 7.8 8.8 7.6 11.2 7.8 7.92006 8.4 7.0 7.0 5.2 10.4 7.3 8.1 8.2 9.6 9.3 9.0 6.4 9.3 7.8 7.7 8.7 7.6 11.3 7.7 7.82007 8.2 6.7 7.2 5.5 10.5 7.5 7.9 8.0 9.3 10.2 8.0 6.0 9.2 7.9 7.2 8.7 7.1 9.4 7.5 7.62008 8.5 6.9 8.2 6.1 10.4 8.0 8.0 8.3 9.7 11.1 8.3 6.2 10.0 8.0 7.5 8.7 7.5 9.3 7.8 7.82009 9.0 7.5 9.0 6.6 12.3 8.6 8.5 8.7 10.7 10.1 8.7 6.8 9.6 8.7 8.2 9.4 8.2 10.8 8.7 8.42010 8.8 7.2 8.8 6.0 11.2 8.8 8.4 8.7 10.4 10.0 8.5 6.6 9.1 8.5 8.1 9.2 8.2 10.2 8.4 8.3

2011 8.8 7.0 8.3 6.2 10.9 8.9 8.4 8.5 10.8 10.1 7.7 6.6 9.1 8.2 7.7 9.2 8.3 9.9 8.1 8.12012 8.9 7.2 8.3 5.9 11.4 8.7 8.5 8.5 10.5 9.7 7.6 6.8 9.4 8.3 7.7 8.4 8.2 9.2 8.3 8.12013 8.8 7.2 8.6 5.5 11.0 8.7 8.5 8.5 9.2 9.7 7.2 6.7 8.7 8.3 7.6 8.8 8.0 9.1 8.6 8.12014 8.8 7.1 8.7 5.2 11.6 8.6 8.4 8.2 8.6 9.7 7.3 6.4 8.4 8.3 7.5 8.7 7.7 9.6 8.6 8.02015 8.4 7.0 9.0 4.0 11.6 8.4 8.2 8.0 8.4 9.8 7.5 6.5 7.4 8.1 7.4 8.3 7.6 9.8 8.5 7.82016 8.1 7.0 9.1 4.0 11.3 8.0 8.2 8.1 7.8 9.7 7.3 6.3 5.8 8.1 7.3 8.1 7.8 10.1 8.0 7.72017 8.0 7.1 8.9 3.9 11.3 7.7 8.2 8.0 7.3 9.5 6.9 6.5 4.8 7.9 7.2 7.9 7.4 10.2 7.7 7.62018 8.0 7.1 8.4 3.8 10.4 7.7 8.1 8.0 7.7 9.4 6.9 6.6 5.5 7.9 7.1 7.6 7.3 9.9 7.7 7.62019 8.0 7.5 8.5 3.9 10.6 7.7 7.9 8.0 8.3 9.5 7.0 6.6 5.9 7.9 7.1 7.4 7.3 10.4 7.8 7.72020 9.2 8.3 10.0 4.2 12.8 9.5 8.8 9.1 10.6 10.8 8.9 7.3 8.0 8.6 7.8 7.8 8.9 12.0 9.6 8.7

2021 8.5 8.0 9.3 4.0 11.4 8.6 8.1 8.5 10.5 10.7 7.3 7.0 6.7 8.5 7.4 8.2 7.7 11.3 8.4 8.2

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

129


60. Collective consumption expenditureESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.1

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.2 10.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.2 5.9 10.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 6.0 10.21992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 6.1 10.01993 : : : : : : : 8.8 : : : : : : 7.2 6.3 9.61994 : : : : : : : 8.4 : : : : : : 7.0 7.0 9.21995 7.2 10.2 7.6 17.0 10.9 11.0 6.4 8.0 8.3 : : : : : 7.5 7.1 8.91996 6.3 9.6 7.7 15.6 10.2 10.6 5.4 7.9 8.3 : : : : : 7.4 7.0 8.61997 5.5 10.5 7.7 14.8 10.2 10.3 5.7 7.9 8.2 : : : : : 7.2 7.2 8.41998 9.0 9.6 7.8 14.8 9.9 10.0 5.2 7.9 8.0 : : : : : 7.1 7.4 8.11999 9.7 10.6 7.9 13.8 10.3 8.4 8.3 7.9 8.0 : : : : : 7.2 7.6 8.12000 11.0 10.3 7.7 10.8 10.3 8.3 9.4 7.7 7.9 : : : : : 7.3 7.6 8.0

2001 9.9 10.2 7.8 9.7 10.3 8.6 8.8 7.1 7.9 : : : : : 7.6 7.9 8.32002 9.7 10.6 7.8 9.5 10.4 8.5 7.6 7.2 8.0 : : : : : 7.8 8.3 8.72003 10.1 11.1 7.7 9.0 10.8 8.9 9.1 7.2 8.0 : : : : : 8.0 8.3 8.92004 10.0 10.2 7.7 9.1 10.2 8.6 8.3 7.0 8.0 : : : : : 8.1 8.2 9.02005 9.7 10.4 7.6 9.2 10.1 8.5 9.2 6.9 7.9 : : : : : 8.1 8.1 8.92006 9.7 10.4 7.5 9.7 10.1 8.6 8.8 6.8 7.8 : : : : : 7.9 8.0 8.92007 9.2 9.8 7.5 10.2 9.8 8.4 8.7 6.6 7.6 : : : : : 7.7 7.9 9.02008 8.7 9.8 7.8 9.4 10.2 8.8 8.4 6.8 7.9 : : : : : 8.0 7.9 9.52009 8.6 10.5 8.5 10.3 10.6 8.7 8.1 7.3 8.4 : : : : 4.5 8.4 8.3 10.12010 8.4 10.3 8.2 10.2 10.5 8.9 7.3 7.0 8.3 : : : : 4.6 8.2 8.1 10.1

2011 7.9 9.6 7.9 10.3 10.1 8.3 7.4 7.1 8.1 : : : : 3.8 7.9 8.3 9.72012 8.0 9.2 8.0 10.4 9.8 8.2 7.9 7.4 8.1 : : : : 4.5 7.7 8.1 9.32013 8.8 9.5 7.7 10.2 10.0 8.3 7.5 7.6 8.1 : : : : 4.6 7.3 8.1 8.82014 8.3 9.2 7.5 10.3 10.2 8.3 7.9 7.5 8.0 : : : : 4.7 7.1 8.0 8.52015 8.1 9.0 7.3 10.0 9.8 8.2 7.5 7.2 7.8 : : : : 4.8 7.0 7.8 8.22016 7.9 9.1 7.1 9.7 10.0 8.1 8.1 7.1 7.7 : : : : 5.0 6.8 7.8 8.12017 8.0 9.0 7.1 9.6 10.2 8.0 8.6 7.0 7.7 : : : : 5.2 6.5 7.6 8.02018 8.3 9.3 7.0 9.7 9.8 8.0 9.5 7.1 7.7 : : : : 7.2 6.5 7.7 8.02019 9.0 9.2 6.9 9.8 9.8 8.1 9.5 7.2 7.8 : : 8.1 : 7.1 6.7 7.8 2020 10.6 10.3 7.5 10.9 10.9 8.9 10.5 8.7 8.8 : : 8.3 : 7.4 7.6 8.7

2021 10.3 9.8 7.2 10.2 10.0 8.4 10.3 8.3 8.3 : : 7.9 : 7.2 7.2 9.2

1) SNA 2008

130


61. Social transfers in kindESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.1 :

1980 : : : : : : 12.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 13.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 12.6 :

1990 : 12.7 13.6

1991 : 10.6 : : : : 13.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.4 : 1992 : 11.0 : : : : 13.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.6 : 1993 : 10.9 : : : : 14.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.7 : 1994 : 11.2 : : : : 14.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.0 : 1995 12.7 11.5 14.2 10.6 9.7 9.8 14.2 9.6 5.2 11.6 10.2 8.3 9.0 13.1 11.4 9.8 11.0 4.2 13.8 11.71996 13.3 11.8 13.0 10.3 9.5 9.8 14.3 9.8 5.7 10.5 10.5 8.3 9.4 12.6 11.4 10.1 10.8 9.9 13.9 11.81997 12.8 11.6 11.2 10.0 9.7 9.5 14.1 10.0 6.4 9.8 11.5 8.4 9.6 12.4 11.7 10.4 10.7 11.5 13.2 11.71998 13.0 11.5 11.4 9.7 9.7 9.5 13.9 9.9 6.8 10.2 12.8 8.4 9.3 12.5 11.8 10.4 10.7 11.7 13.1 11.61999 13.1 11.5 12.2 9.6 9.9 9.5 13.9 10.0 7.0 10.3 13.6 8.5 8.9 12.4 11.9 10.7 10.6 9.3 12.8 11.62000 12.9 11.4 10.8 9.3 9.0 9.4 13.8 10.2 6.7 10.0 10.9 8.2 9.1 12.5 11.7 11.0 11.0 8.7 12.6 11.5

2001 12.9 11.4 10.2 9.9 9.1 9.2 13.8 10.5 6.8 9.8 10.7 8.7 8.4 12.8 11.6 11.3 11.3 8.7 12.3 11.62002 13.4 11.6 10.0 10.4 9.3 9.4 14.4 10.7 7.3 10.4 10.8 9.0 8.7 13.7 11.8 11.5 11.2 8.6 12.8 11.92003 13.8 11.7 9.7 10.7 9.6 9.5 14.8 10.7 7.9 10.0 10.3 9.3 8.6 14.2 11.9 11.9 11.2 8.1 13.3 12.12004 13.7 11.3 9.7 10.8 9.2 9.9 14.7 10.8 7.2 9.8 10.1 9.5 9.2 14.2 11.7 12.0 11.3 7.3 13.5 12.02005 13.6 11.5 9.4 11.0 10.1 10.1 14.8 11.2 7.1 8.5 10.1 9.7 8.7 14.1 11.5 12.2 11.3 7.3 13.7 12.22006 13.5 11.3 8.9 11.0 9.8 10.0 14.6 11.2 7.3 8.0 10.1 9.0 9.4 15.3 11.6 11.6 11.1 7.5 13.6 12.22007 13.4 11.2 8.9 11.3 10.0 10.2 14.5 11.0 7.1 7.4 9.4 8.7 8.7 15.4 11.5 11.0 10.3 7.8 13.2 12.02008 14.1 11.4 10.4 12.7 10.4 10.8 14.6 11.3 7.3 8.6 10.3 9.0 9.8 15.5 11.8 11.0 10.6 8.2 13.8 12.32009 15.2 12.5 12.1 13.6 11.0 12.1 15.5 11.9 8.1 9.0 12.6 10.2 10.2 17.3 12.5 11.9 11.9 9.2 15.4 13.42010 14.9 12.3 11.3 12.7 11.0 11.9 15.6 11.8 8.1 8.5 11.4 10.0 10.4 17.7 12.4 11.4 12.3 9.0 15.2 13.3

2011 15.3 12.1 10.5 12.1 10.8 11.8 15.4 11.3 8.3 8.2 10.7 9.8 10.6 17.6 12.1 10.5 12.2 8.4 15.3 13.02012 15.4 12.1 10.2 11.8 10.4 11.3 15.5 11.3 8.3 7.8 9.9 10.3 10.9 17.8 12.2 9.9 12.2 8.5 15.8 13.02013 15.5 12.4 10.4 11.4 9.5 11.2 15.6 11.3 9.2 8.0 9.5 10.6 10.7 17.4 12.3 10.0 11.7 8.9 15.9 13.12014 15.5 12.5 10.4 10.8 8.9 11.1 15.7 11.3 8.3 7.9 9.3 10.3 10.5 17.4 12.3 9.7 11.2 8.8 15.9 13.12015 15.2 12.6 10.9 8.3 8.7 11.1 15.6 11.1 8.0 8.4 9.8 10.1 10.1 16.9 12.4 9.5 11.2 8.8 15.9 13.02016 15.1 12.8 11.2 8.3 8.9 11.0 15.5 11.0 7.5 8.5 9.7 9.7 10.3 16.5 12.4 9.5 11.3 8.8 15.6 13.02017 15.0 12.8 11.0 8.2 8.8 10.9 15.5 10.9 7.7 8.8 9.4 10.0 10.6 16.4 12.3 9.3 11.1 8.7 15.1 12.92018 15.1 12.8 11.2 8.1 8.6 10.9 15.2 10.9 7.2 8.8 9.6 10.1 10.6 16.5 12.2 9.3 11.0 8.7 15.1 12.82019 15.1 12.8 11.4 8.2 8.8 11.0 14.9 10.9 8.6 8.8 10.0 10.5 11.5 16.6 12.2 9.5 11.1 9.2 15.3 12.82020 16.5 14.1 13.2 9.7 9.9 12.6 16.5 12.4 10.9 9.7 11.3 12.3 12.9 18.5 13.4 10.8 12.3 10.3 16.8 14.3

2021 15.6 13.7 12.1 8.9 9.3 12.0 15.3 11.6 10.8 8.9 11.0 12.2 13.0 18.0 12.8 9.1 12.1 10.1 16.6 13.6

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

131


61. Social transfers in kindESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.7

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.5

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.9

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 5.6

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.5 7.1 5.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.0 7.1 6.11992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.5 7.4 6.11993 : : : : : : : 18.8 : : : : : : 10.1 7.7 6.11994 : : : : : : : 18.2 : : : : : : 10.0 8.1 6.01995 8.0 10.2 16.4 8.0 12.0 7.8 5.8 17.6 11.9 : : : : : 9.4 8.3 6.01996 7.4 10.1 16.4 7.0 11.4 7.9 6.3 18.1 12.0 : : : : : 9.2 8.4 5.91997 6.6 9.9 15.9 6.9 11.1 7.8 7.0 17.6 11.8 : : : : : 9.0 8.4 5.81998 9.2 9.7 16.3 8.0 11.0 7.7 6.6 17.7 11.7 : : : : : 9.1 8.6 5.91999 9.8 9.7 16.4 9.7 11.0 9.4 8.5 17.7 11.8 : : : : : 9.4 8.9 5.92000 8.8 9.6 16.1 10.6 10.9 9.8 7.5 17.0 11.7 : : : : : 9.5 9.3 6.0

2001 9.4 9.6 16.5 9.6 10.8 10.1 7.0 17.7 11.8 : : : : : 9.8 9.6 6.32002 9.5 10.7 17.1 9.6 11.4 10.1 7.2 18.4 12.1 : : : : : 10.5 9.9 6.42003 10.0 11.1 17.3 9.6 12.2 10.0 6.9 18.7 12.4 : : : : : 10.9 9.9 6.32004 9.3 10.8 17.3 9.5 11.9 9.7 6.4 18.2 12.2 : : : : : 11.4 9.9 6.22005 8.4 10.2 16.9 9.3 12.0 9.8 7.0 18.1 12.3 : : : : : 11.7 10.0 6.22006 8.5 9.9 16.7 8.7 11.9 9.9 7.1 18.0 12.3 : : : : : 11.9 10.0 6.12007 7.5 9.6 16.8 8.8 11.0 9.7 6.7 17.7 12.1 : : : : : 11.9 10.1 6.22008 8.5 9.6 17.3 9.3 11.2 9.8 7.5 17.9 12.4 : : : : : 12.5 10.4 6.52009 8.1 10.5 19.4 10.3 11.4 10.1 8.0 18.8 13.4 : : : : 11.3 13.7 11.3 6.82010 8.2 10.5 19.1 10.3 11.0 10.2 8.2 18.0 13.3 : : : : 10.4 13.5 11.4 6.6

2011 8.0 10.6 18.6 10.3 10.6 9.8 6.9 17.9 13.1 : : : : 9.9 13.1 11.9 6.42012 7.9 10.6 18.5 10.1 10.3 9.8 6.7 18.4 13.1 : : : : 9.8 13.0 12.1 6.22013 8.3 10.7 18.3 10.2 9.8 9.9 6.7 18.7 13.2 : : : : 9.6 12.8 12.1 6.32014 8.6 10.5 18.3 10.4 9.8 9.9 6.6 18.7 13.2 : : : : 9.4 12.7 12.1 6.22015 8.0 10.2 18.1 10.1 10.0 9.9 6.5 18.6 13.0 : : : : 9.0 12.5 12.0 6.12016 7.8 10.2 17.8 9.9 10.2 9.8 7.0 19.3 13.0 : : : : 9.8 12.4 12.1 6.22017 7.6 10.2 17.5 10.0 10.2 9.7 7.1 19.0 12.9 : : : : 9.3 12.1 12.0 6.12018 8.1 10.6 17.3 9.9 10.1 9.7 7.4 18.9 12.8 : : : : 7.7 12.0 12.1 6.12019 8.5 11.0 17.1 10.0 9.5 9.8 7.9 18.8 12.8 : : 6.7 : 8.6 12.2 12.2 2020 10.0 12.3 19.2 11.6 11.1 10.6 8.7 20.3 14.3 : : 7.2 : 9.8 14.4 13.0

2021 9.4 12.1 18.5 11.0 10.5 10.6 8.6 19.6 13.6 : : 7.0 : 10.2 13.8 12.7

1) SNA 2008

132


62. Compensation of employees; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 12.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 12.4 :

1985 : : : : : : 13.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.2 :

1990 : 12.0 14.5

1991 : 8.7 : : : : 12.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.8 : 1992 : 8.9 : : : : 12.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.3 : 1993 : 9.0 : : : : 13.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.1 : 1994 : 8.8 : : : : 13.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.3 : 1995 11.6 8.8 11.4 10.6 10.2 10.9 13.2 10.5 11.7 10.3 9.6 10.5 14.4 9.5 12.1 12.5 11.2 9.5 14.8 10.71996 11.6 8.8 11.1 10.2 9.6 10.9 13.4 10.8 12.3 10.4 10.5 10.3 14.9 9.1 11.9 12.6 11.1 9.5 15.0 10.81997 11.5 8.7 10.3 9.7 10.3 10.6 13.3 11.0 12.8 10.1 11.1 10.5 14.0 8.9 11.6 12.7 11.1 9.3 14.2 10.71998 11.4 8.5 10.3 8.9 10.2 10.4 13.1 10.2 12.5 10.2 12.6 10.3 14.0 8.7 11.4 13.0 10.8 9.5 13.5 10.41999 11.5 8.5 11.7 8.5 10.3 10.2 13.1 10.1 12.5 10.9 13.3 9.6 13.4 8.7 11.5 13.3 10.8 9.5 13.1 10.42000 11.2 8.4 10.8 8.2 10.5 10.0 12.9 10.0 12.5 10.7 12.0 9.3 12.7 8.5 11.2 13.7 11.2 8.9 12.7 10.2

2001 11.4 8.2 10.2 8.6 10.4 9.8 12.9 10.2 12.2 10.2 11.6 9.7 14.3 8.5 11.0 13.9 11.6 9.0 12.6 10.22002 11.8 8.3 10.2 8.8 10.9 9.7 13.0 10.3 12.6 10.2 11.3 9.9 13.9 8.8 10.9 14.1 11.5 9.2 12.9 10.32003 12.0 8.3 10.2 9.2 10.6 9.8 13.1 10.5 14.1 10.3 10.7 10.2 13.8 9.0 10.9 14.3 11.6 8.9 13.2 10.42004 11.7 8.1 10.1 9.3 11.3 9.8 12.9 10.4 13.6 10.2 10.8 10.2 13.7 8.9 10.8 14.3 11.5 8.0 13.2 10.32005 11.8 8.1 9.8 9.7 11.4 9.8 12.8 10.6 13.5 9.8 10.3 10.1 13.1 8.7 11.0 14.5 11.5 8.0 13.3 10.32006 11.7 7.8 9.2 9.8 11.0 9.8 12.6 10.7 13.5 9.6 10.4 9.5 12.8 8.4 10.8 13.8 11.2 7.9 13.0 10.22007 11.5 7.5 9.4 10.1 11.1 10.0 12.4 10.3 13.2 10.2 9.8 9.0 12.4 8.2 10.5 13.1 10.5 7.3 12.5 9.92008 11.9 7.5 11.0 11.3 11.6 10.6 12.4 10.5 13.2 11.7 10.6 9.3 13.8 8.3 10.6 13.1 11.0 7.5 12.8 10.12009 12.7 8.2 12.5 12.2 13.1 11.7 13.1 11.0 14.6 12.3 12.7 10.3 13.7 9.1 11.3 14.0 12.3 8.6 14.2 10.92010 12.5 8.0 11.5 11.5 12.4 11.6 13.0 10.8 14.2 10.6 11.0 10.0 13.0 9.1 11.2 13.7 12.5 8.5 14.0 10.7

2011 12.5 7.8 10.6 11.3 12.6 11.5 12.8 10.4 14.6 9.8 10.3 9.8 12.9 8.9 10.8 12.8 12.6 8.3 13.9 10.52012 12.7 7.8 10.2 10.8 12.8 11.0 12.9 10.3 14.6 9.4 9.7 10.1 12.9 8.9 10.7 11.7 12.5 8.2 14.2 10.42013 12.9 7.8 10.6 10.3 12.1 11.2 12.9 10.3 14.4 9.6 9.6 10.0 12.8 8.8 10.7 12.5 11.9 8.6 14.3 10.42014 12.9 7.8 10.8 9.4 12.2 11.1 13.0 10.2 13.4 9.8 9.5 9.8 12.3 8.7 10.6 11.8 11.3 8.9 14.1 10.32015 12.6 7.7 11.3 7.2 12.1 11.1 12.8 9.9 12.8 10.2 9.7 9.8 11.6 8.5 10.7 11.3 11.1 8.9 13.8 10.12016 12.4 7.7 11.5 7.2 12.1 10.9 12.7 9.8 12.0 10.5 9.8 9.4 11.4 8.5 10.6 11.2 11.4 9.3 13.2 10.02017 12.4 7.7 11.3 7.0 11.9 10.6 12.7 9.6 11.8 10.6 9.5 9.8 11.2 8.4 10.6 10.9 11.2 9.4 12.4 9.92018 12.3 7.8 11.3 6.9 11.8 10.6 12.4 9.8 11.7 10.6 9.8 9.9 11.1 8.3 10.5 10.7 11.1 9.3 12.3 9.92019 12.3 7.9 11.5 6.9 11.7 10.8 12.3 9.7 12.5 10.9 10.3 10.1 11.2 8.2 10.4 10.7 11.4 10.2 12.3 9.92020 13.3 8.7 12.5 7.5 13.2 12.3 13.5 10.8 14.4 12.1 11.8 11.2 12.4 8.9 11.3 11.8 13.0 11.2 13.4 10.9

2021 12.4 8.2 12.1 7.2 12.3 11.7 12.5 10.3 14.4 11.5 10.6 10.8 12.2 8.6 10.8 11.2 12.2 10.8 13.0 10.3

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

133


62. Compensation of employees; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.1

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.9

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.4 10.2

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.7 5.8 10.5

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.1 5.7 10.81992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.4 5.8 10.91993 : : : : : : : 15.2 : : : : : : 10.0 5.9 10.71994 : : : : : : : 14.4 : : : : : : 9.4 : 10.41995 6.8 8.5 16.1 17.4 11.6 11.2 6.7 13.5 10.9 : : : : : 9.2 : 10.21996 6.1 8.4 16.0 15.4 10.7 11.1 6.4 13.9 11.0 : : : : : 9.1 : 9.91997 6.5 8.1 15.8 13.5 10.4 11.2 5.4 13.6 10.9 : : : : : 8.9 : 9.71998 8.6 7.6 16.0 14.7 10.5 10.7 5.9 12.6 10.6 : : : : : 8.7 : 9.61999 10.1 8.0 16.1 14.5 10.7 10.9 8.1 12.6 10.6 : : : : : 8.7 : 9.52000 10.0 7.8 15.5 12.8 10.6 10.9 7.9 12.4 10.4 : : : : : 8.7 : 9.5

2001 8.6 8.1 15.7 12.3 11.0 11.7 8.3 12.6 10.4 : : : : : 9.1 : 9.82002 9.3 8.6 16.0 12.0 12.0 11.7 8.5 12.8 10.6 : : : : : 9.4 : 10.22003 10.0 9.1 16.3 11.7 13.0 11.6 8.4 13.1 10.7 : : : : : 9.7 : 10.32004 9.8 8.7 16.1 11.7 12.4 10.9 8.2 12.9 10.5 : : : : : 10.1 : 10.22005 9.2 8.7 15.7 11.3 12.3 10.9 8.8 12.8 10.5 : : : : : 10.3 6.0 10.02006 8.5 8.6 15.4 10.9 11.9 10.7 9.3 12.6 10.4 : : : : : 10.3 6.0 9.92007 8.5 8.3 15.3 11.3 11.4 10.5 9.5 12.4 10.1 : : : : : 10.1 5.9 9.92008 8.8 8.3 15.6 11.2 11.3 10.8 10.0 12.5 10.3 : : : : : 10.1 6.0 10.32009 9.4 9.0 17.5 12.4 11.2 11.0 10.3 12.8 11.1 : : : : 8.3 10.7 6.2 10.82010 9.1 8.9 17.3 12.2 10.8 11.0 9.6 12.2 10.9 : : : : 8.3 10.7 5.9 10.7

2011 8.6 8.7 16.8 12.1 10.1 10.5 7.9 12.1 10.6 : : : : 7.9 10.3 6.0 10.42012 8.6 8.9 16.6 12.1 9.9 10.3 7.8 12.6 10.6 : : : : 8.3 10.0 5.9 10.02013 9.5 8.9 16.4 11.7 10.1 10.4 8.1 12.7 10.6 : : : : 7.9 9.4 5.7 9.92014 9.5 8.8 16.2 11.5 10.3 10.5 7.9 12.7 10.5 : : : : 8.0 9.2 5.7 9.72015 9.3 8.7 16.0 11.5 10.4 10.4 7.8 12.4 10.3 : : : : 7.8 9.0 5.5 9.72016 8.9 8.8 15.5 11.4 10.8 10.4 9.0 12.6 10.2 : : : : 8.3 9.0 5.5 9.62017 9.2 9.2 15.3 11.4 10.9 10.2 9.8 12.6 10.1 : : : : 7.6 8.9 5.4 9.52018 9.5 9.8 15.2 11.8 10.6 10.1 10.9 12.7 10.1 : : : : 8.1 8.9 5.4 9.32019 10.3 10.2 15.0 11.9 10.2 10.2 11.2 12.6 10.1 : : 3.9 : 8.7 9.0 : 9.32020 12.1 11.3 16.1 13.1 11.2 11.1 12.5 13.7 11.2 : : 3.9 : 9.3 10.1 : 10.1

2021 11.7 11.1 15.3 12.7 10.7 10.8 12.2 13.2 10.6 : : 3.8 : 9.5 9.7 : 9.7

1) SNA 2008

134


63. Intermediate consumption; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 :

1980 : : : : : : 5.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 5.9 :

1985 : : : : : : 5.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 6.6 :

1990 : 4.9 7.1

1991 : 4.1 : : : : 5.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 : 1992 : 4.2 : : : : 5.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.4 : 1993 : 4.2 : : : : 5.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.3 : 1994 : 4.0 : : : : 5.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 : 1995 3.6 3.9 10.5 5.7 5.3 4.2 5.1 4.5 1.3 7.7 9.1 4.0 5.0 6.4 6.0 4.3 6.2 7.9 8.1 4.61996 3.7 3.9 9.5 5.4 5.5 4.1 5.4 4.5 1.2 7.0 8.6 4.0 5.0 6.2 6.1 4.4 6.2 8.8 8.2 4.71997 3.7 3.8 9.0 5.3 5.0 4.1 5.4 4.5 2.5 7.0 9.6 4.0 4.9 6.0 5.5 4.3 5.9 7.6 8.2 4.61998 3.7 3.7 8.7 5.3 5.2 4.0 4.8 4.6 4.2 7.4 9.3 3.8 4.5 5.9 5.6 4.2 6.1 7.1 7.6 4.51999 3.7 3.9 8.7 5.2 5.5 3.9 4.8 4.7 4.2 7.4 7.0 3.6 4.4 5.8 5.7 4.4 6.2 5.6 7.6 4.62000 3.7 3.8 7.8 5.1 5.3 4.0 4.8 4.8 3.3 6.8 7.3 3.8 4.9 5.8 5.4 4.7 6.5 6.1 7.5 4.6

2001 3.8 3.9 7.4 5.2 6.0 4.0 4.6 5.1 4.4 7.5 6.0 4.0 4.5 6.0 5.5 4.6 6.3 6.1 7.7 4.62002 4.2 4.0 7.2 5.3 5.7 4.2 4.8 5.0 4.8 7.7 6.3 4.2 4.6 6.2 5.5 4.6 6.4 5.5 8.2 4.82003 4.2 4.0 7.3 5.2 5.9 4.3 4.8 5.1 4.7 8.2 5.9 4.3 4.8 6.5 5.6 4.7 6.1 5.6 8.4 4.82004 4.1 4.0 6.6 5.2 6.4 4.5 4.9 5.2 3.7 8.3 5.6 4.3 5.3 6.4 5.6 4.9 6.0 5.2 8.5 4.82005 4.0 4.1 6.5 4.6 5.9 4.7 4.9 5.3 3.8 6.9 5.6 4.3 4.8 6.4 6.4 5.1 6.0 5.2 8.6 4.92006 4.0 4.1 6.1 4.7 6.3 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.2 6.5 5.8 3.9 5.5 6.2 6.4 5.1 6.0 5.9 8.7 4.92007 3.7 4.1 5.7 4.9 6.7 5.1 4.7 5.0 4.2 5.8 5.1 3.6 5.3 6.4 6.0 5.4 5.6 5.2 8.7 4.92008 3.9 4.3 6.4 5.3 6.2 5.3 4.7 5.3 4.2 6.5 5.6 4.0 6.4 6.3 6.3 5.5 6.1 4.9 9.2 5.12009 4.3 4.8 6.8 5.9 6.7 5.7 5.1 5.6 4.8 6.6 5.7 4.5 5.9 6.9 6.8 6.2 6.6 6.1 10.3 5.52010 4.2 4.9 6.7 5.5 6.0 5.7 5.1 5.6 4.4 7.1 6.4 4.3 6.1 7.0 6.7 5.9 6.8 5.9 10.4 5.5

2011 4.2 4.9 6.4 5.2 4.7 5.8 5.1 5.5 4.4 7.0 5.1 4.1 6.3 6.7 6.5 6.0 7.1 5.8 10.3 5.42012 4.3 4.9 6.5 4.8 5.0 5.7 5.1 5.6 4.1 6.5 5.0 4.4 6.7 6.5 6.5 5.7 6.9 5.7 10.7 5.42013 4.2 5.0 6.5 4.6 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.7 4.0 6.6 4.7 4.1 6.2 6.4 6.5 5.6 6.8 5.7 11.0 5.52014 4.3 5.0 6.5 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.6 3.6 6.5 4.7 4.0 6.1 6.6 6.4 5.7 6.6 5.7 10.9 5.42015 4.1 4.9 6.6 3.5 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.6 3.8 6.5 5.1 4.1 6.1 6.3 6.4 5.6 6.6 5.9 11.0 5.32016 4.1 5.1 6.8 3.5 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.7 3.5 6.2 4.8 4.1 6.1 6.0 6.3 5.5 6.4 5.6 10.8 5.32017 4.0 5.0 6.6 3.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.7 3.6 6.1 4.6 4.1 6.4 5.9 6.2 5.4 6.3 5.7 10.8 5.32018 4.1 5.1 6.4 3.3 4.6 5.1 4.9 5.7 3.8 6.0 4.4 4.0 6.6 5.9 6.2 5.4 6.2 5.5 10.8 5.32019 4.1 5.2 6.5 3.5 4.5 5.1 5.0 5.7 5.4 6.4 4.4 4.2 7.5 5.8 6.2 5.2 6.1 5.6 11.0 5.32020 4.7 5.8 7.5 4.4 5.6 6.2 5.6 6.6 7.5 7.1 5.4 4.8 9.6 6.4 7.0 5.7 7.0 6.1 12.6 6.1

2021 4.3 5.6 6.7 3.9 5.3 5.6 5.2 6.1 7.4 6.7 4.9 4.7 8.4 6.5 6.6 5.3 6.4 5.8 11.8 5.7

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

135


63. Intermediate consumption; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.0

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.6 5.7

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 2.6 5.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 2.7 5.91992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.8 2.8 5.81993 : : : : : : : 11.3 : : : : : : 5.7 2.9 5.81994 : : : : : : : 11.3 : : : : : : 5.9 : 5.71995 4.8 8.1 7.1 7.8 7.8 7.0 6.1 9.5 4.9 : : : : : 6.0 : 5.71996 4.6 7.0 7.2 7.6 7.1 7.3 5.9 9.1 5.0 : : : : : 5.8 : 5.61997 6.7 7.3 7.0 7.3 6.9 6.9 7.9 8.9 4.9 : : : : : 5.5 : 5.61998 6.3 6.8 7.1 8.2 6.6 7.0 6.6 9.3 4.8 : : : : : 5.7 : 5.61999 7.5 7.2 7.5 8.9 6.8 6.7 9.6 8.8 4.9 : : : : : 6.1 : 5.72000 8.0 7.1 7.5 8.3 6.7 6.7 9.5 8.3 4.9 : : : : : 6.3 : 5.8

2001 7.1 6.9 7.8 7.5 6.5 6.9 7.7 8.4 4.9 : : : : : 6.6 : 6.12002 8.1 7.5 8.0 7.9 6.5 6.9 6.9 8.5 5.1 : : : : : 7.0 : 6.42003 8.1 8.0 7.9 7.2 6.6 6.8 6.9 8.4 5.1 : : : : : 7.2 : 6.52004 7.9 7.4 8.0 6.9 6.4 6.5 5.7 8.1 5.1 : : : : : 7.6 : 6.62005 8.2 7.1 8.1 7.1 6.3 6.2 6.5 8.1 5.2 : : : : : 7.8 3.7 6.62006 7.1 7.2 8.1 7.2 6.4 6.2 6.1 8.1 5.2 : : : : : 8.1 3.5 6.72007 7.2 6.9 8.0 7.2 6.3 6.1 6.4 7.9 5.2 : : : : : 8.2 3.4 6.82008 6.9 6.9 8.6 7.3 7.1 6.3 6.3 8.2 5.3 : : : : : 8.8 3.4 7.22009 5.8 7.4 9.7 7.4 7.7 6.0 6.0 8.7 5.8 : : : : 4.5 9.7 3.7 7.62010 5.7 7.3 9.4 7.6 7.7 6.4 5.5 8.4 5.8 : : : : 4.8 9.3 3.8 7.6

2011 5.5 7.0 9.2 7.8 7.4 5.8 5.8 8.3 5.7 : : : : 4.4 8.9 3.9 7.32012 5.4 6.4 9.4 7.8 7.4 5.8 6.0 8.5 5.7 : : : : 4.9 8.8 3.8 6.92013 5.7 6.6 9.2 8.0 7.4 5.8 5.7 8.5 5.7 : : : : 5.1 8.9 3.9 6.62014 5.5 6.4 9.1 8.3 7.7 5.7 6.0 8.4 5.7 : : : : 4.9 8.8 3.9 6.32015 5.2 6.2 9.0 8.2 7.9 5.7 5.9 8.1 5.6 : : : : 5.1 8.5 3.8 6.22016 4.8 6.1 8.8 8.2 7.5 5.6 5.6 8.1 5.6 : : : : 5.3 8.2 3.8 6.32017 4.8 5.9 8.8 8.0 8.0 5.5 5.2 7.9 5.5 : : : : 5.5 7.9 3.7 6.32018 4.8 6.1 8.7 8.1 8.0 5.7 5.1 7.9 5.5 : : : : 5.1 7.8 3.7 6.42019 4.4 6.0 8.6 8.3 8.2 5.6 5.4 8.0 5.5 : : 3.3 : 4.9 8.1 : 6.32020 4.9 6.8 10.3 9.3 9.4 6.0 5.9 9.3 6.3 : : 3.6 : 5.4 9.9 : 8.9

2021 4.7 6.5 10.0 8.8 8.8 5.7 5.8 8.9 6.0 : : 3.4 : 5.4 9.4 : 6.4

136


64. Social benefits other than social transfers in kind; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.2 :

1980 : : : : : : 15.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 10.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 17.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.6 :

1990 : 16.2 14.4

1991 : 14.9 : : : : 16.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.9 : 1992 : 15.6 : : : : 17.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 21.7 : 1993 : 16.5 : : : : 17.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.1 : 1994 : 16.8 : : : : 17.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.0 : 1995 15.6 17.2 9.2 10.6 11.0 13.1 17.7 15.6 7.3 11.7 8.2 14.8 11.0 14.1 19.9 10.8 16.5 13.9 21.3 16.31996 15.8 18.0 9.8 10.2 11.0 13.0 17.8 15.8 7.6 12.3 8.6 14.6 11.9 13.6 19.8 11.0 16.3 13.9 20.7 16.51997 15.6 18.0 9.3 10.3 11.0 12.6 17.9 16.3 8.1 12.0 9.6 14.8 12.0 12.6 19.2 10.7 16.7 13.3 19.1 16.41998 15.3 17.8 9.6 9.3 11.4 12.1 17.5 16.0 8.2 12.6 10.8 14.8 12.1 11.7 18.8 10.9 16.7 13.4 17.6 16.01999 15.0 18.0 10.5 8.1 11.7 11.8 17.3 16.2 8.3 14.5 12.2 13.8 12.1 11.1 18.9 10.9 16.7 14.0 17.0 16.02000 14.5 17.5 9.5 7.4 12.3 11.6 16.8 15.8 8.4 12.2 11.5 13.3 11.4 10.4 18.7 11.3 16.9 13.3 15.6 15.5

2001 14.7 17.6 9.1 7.9 12.6 11.4 16.9 15.6 8.6 11.1 11.3 14.0 11.8 10.3 18.6 11.6 16.8 13.4 15.3 15.52002 15.2 18.1 8.8 8.3 12.6 11.5 17.2 15.9 9.5 9.9 10.0 14.7 11.9 10.3 18.8 12.1 16.9 13.5 15.8 15.72003 15.4 18.5 8.8 8.3 13.1 11.5 17.4 16.1 10.4 9.0 9.8 15.7 11.8 10.6 19.0 13.2 16.8 11.9 16.0 15.92004 15.2 18.2 9.1 8.5 12.8 11.5 17.4 16.2 11.0 9.1 9.7 15.4 11.9 10.5 18.7 13.7 16.5 12.6 15.9 15.82005 15.1 18.0 8.8 8.9 13.6 11.4 17.5 16.2 11.6 8.4 9.3 15.3 12.0 10.2 18.3 14.2 16.5 12.7 15.7 15.82006 14.8 17.2 8.6 9.1 14.0 11.3 17.6 16.2 11.0 8.0 9.2 14.3 11.8 9.9 18.0 14.3 16.0 12.2 15.3 15.42007 14.8 16.1 8.3 9.7 14.6 11.4 17.5 16.4 10.4 7.0 9.7 13.5 11.9 9.5 17.4 14.2 15.0 11.9 14.5 15.12008 15.4 15.9 10.3 11.6 16.0 12.3 17.6 16.9 10.8 8.1 11.5 14.6 11.7 9.5 17.6 14.7 15.3 11.6 14.6 15.42009 16.8 17.4 13.7 14.3 17.5 14.4 19.2 18.5 11.9 12.9 16.2 16.7 12.5 10.5 19.0 16.5 17.0 14.1 17.2 17.12010 16.4 16.8 12.6 14.2 17.7 15.1 19.2 18.5 12.7 13.2 14.3 16.0 12.2 10.8 19.2 16.6 17.7 14.3 17.4 17.0

2011 16.5 15.8 11.1 14.0 19.5 15.3 19.2 18.5 13.1 11.2 12.5 15.3 12.2 11.0 18.5 17.2 18.1 13.8 17.1 16.72012 16.9 15.7 10.6 13.9 20.3 16.3 19.5 19.2 13.2 10.3 12.0 15.9 12.4 11.2 18.7 17.8 18.0 13.9 17.9 17.12013 17.4 15.6 10.6 13.1 19.0 16.7 19.9 19.8 13.8 10.4 11.3 16.0 12.1 11.6 19.0 18.6 17.9 14.0 18.8 17.32014 17.2 15.4 10.5 11.8 19.7 16.5 20.0 20.1 14.2 10.2 10.9 15.5 11.3 11.6 19.1 18.0 17.3 14.0 19.5 17.32015 17.0 15.5 11.3 8.8 19.8 15.8 19.8 20.1 13.8 10.5 10.9 15.2 10.2 11.3 18.9 17.6 16.9 13.8 19.7 17.02016 16.9 15.5 11.6 8.4 19.9 15.6 19.8 19.8 13.6 10.6 11.0 14.8 9.9 11.2 18.7 17.2 16.3 13.9 19.4 16.92017 16.8 15.6 11.3 7.8 19.0 15.3 19.6 19.7 13.0 10.4 10.9 15.2 9.4 10.9 18.2 16.6 15.9 13.6 18.9 16.72018 16.9 15.6 11.4 7.2 18.7 15.4 19.5 19.7 12.8 10.3 11.8 15.0 8.8 10.5 17.9 16.4 15.4 13.2 18.4 16.62019 17.0 15.9 11.5 6.9 18.4 15.8 19.5 20.2 12.9 10.6 12.2 15.0 8.5 10.2 17.8 16.4 15.4 13.4 18.2 16.72020 20.7 17.9 13.5 8.7 21.8 19.4 23.6 24.9 15.0 12.8 15.3 18.9 9.8 11.4 19.5 18.2 17.8 16.1 20.2 19.7

2021 18.4 17.1 12.9 7.6 18.6 17.6 20.9 21.9 14.4 12.0 13.7 16.0 9.1 11.2 18.7 17.1 16.2 13.6 19.4 18.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

137


64. Social benefits other than social transfers in kind; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.8

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.8

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.6

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.0 9.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.1 7.2 9.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.8 6.8 10.71992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 13.1 7.1 11.31993 : : : : : : : 18.8 : : : : : : 13.4 7.4 11.41994 : : : : : : : 18.4 : : : : : : 13.1 7.6 11.31995 7.0 10.8 19.5 11.0 14.9 16.8 9.2 17.1 16.3 : : : : : 13.0 7.9 11.41996 7.4 11.0 18.9 10.9 13.2 16.8 9.0 16.3 16.5 : : : : : 12.6 8.1 11.31997 8.0 11.6 18.0 10.4 12.4 17.0 9.5 15.7 16.3 : : : : : 12.3 8.2 11.01998 8.9 11.6 17.4 12.2 12.9 16.3 10.7 15.6 16.0 : : : : : 11.9 8.7 10.71999 10.9 12.1 16.9 12.5 13.0 16.7 10.4 15.3 15.9 : : : : : 11.5 9.2 10.42000 12.1 12.3 16.3 11.1 12.6 16.1 9.7 14.7 15.4 : : : : : 11.3 9.3 10.3

2001 11.5 12.1 16.4 12.4 12.4 17.1 9.8 14.8 15.4 : : : : : 11.6 9.6 10.92002 11.6 12.4 16.5 16.1 13.1 17.1 9.3 15.0 15.7 : : : : : 11.6 10.1 11.52003 11.0 12.3 17.2 13.3 13.7 17.0 8.8 15.5 15.9 : : : : : 11.9 10.2 11.62004 10.8 11.7 16.9 13.6 13.7 16.0 9.0 15.2 15.7 : : : : : 12.1 10.3 11.62005 10.2 11.5 16.2 12.5 14.2 15.7 9.1 14.9 15.6 : : : : : 11.9 10.4 11.52006 9.8 11.6 15.2 13.3 14.6 15.2 8.9 14.4 15.3 : : : : : 11.6 10.6 11.62007 9.1 11.9 14.8 12.6 15.1 14.2 9.0 13.6 14.9 : : : : : 11.8 10.8 11.82008 9.6 11.8 14.6 12.2 15.5 14.0 9.9 13.6 15.1 : : : : : 12.4 11.2 13.22009 11.3 12.9 16.6 13.7 16.0 14.5 12.0 14.7 16.7 : : : : 9.3 14.1 12.7 14.72010 11.9 13.1 17.1 13.8 15.5 14.6 12.8 13.8 16.7 : : : : 8.6 14.2 12.8 15.3

2011 11.1 13.1 17.2 14.2 15.3 13.9 11.9 13.2 16.4 : : : : 8.9 14.1 13.2 15.02012 11.0 13.1 17.3 14.1 15.1 14.0 11.2 13.8 16.7 : : : : 8.6 14.3 13.2 14.52013 11.9 13.3 17.4 14.2 14.7 14.5 10.7 14.2 16.9 : : : : 8.8 14.0 13.1 14.32014 12.2 12.9 17.2 14.4 13.7 14.4 10.5 13.7 16.8 : : : : 8.3 13.7 12.8 14.42015 11.9 12.4 17.0 14.5 12.9 14.3 10.6 13.2 16.6 : : : : 8.3 13.6 12.5 14.62016 11.6 12.7 16.5 13.6 12.6 15.3 10.6 13.1 16.5 : : : : 9.2 13.2 12.6 14.62017 11.1 12.4 16.2 13.3 12.0 15.1 10.8 12.8 16.3 : : : : 8.6 12.8 12.5 14.52018 10.9 12.4 15.8 13.3 11.5 14.9 10.7 12.6 16.1 : : : : 9.1 12.7 12.5 14.32019 10.7 12.5 15.7 13.3 10.9 15.5 11.0 12.3 16.3 : : 14.9 : 9.1 12.5 12.5 14.72020 12.1 14.5 17.9 15.3 12.3 16.9 13.4 13.5 19.1 : : 16.4 : 9.6 14.2 14.1 17.9

2021 11.2 14.1 17.5 14.6 11.7 16.3 15.9 12.9 17.6 : : 16.4 : 9.1 13.5 13.9 14.5

1) SNA 2008

138


65. Social transfers in kind supplied to households via market producers; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 3.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 :

1985 : : : : : : 4.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 :

1990 : 4.2 1.1

1991 : 6.3 : : : : 4.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : 1992 : 6.7 : : : : 4.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : 1993 : 6.7 : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : 1994 : 7.0 : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : 1995 5.8 7.3 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.1 4.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.8 0.3 7.0 2.8 1.5 1.7 0.2 1.4 4.81996 6.1 7.5 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.1 4.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 1.9 0.3 6.6 2.7 1.7 1.6 2.4 1.6 4.81997 5.8 7.4 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.0 4.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.9 0.3 6.7 2.8 1.7 1.7 2.4 1.4 4.71998 5.9 7.3 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.2 4.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 1.8 0.3 6.7 2.9 1.7 1.8 2.4 1.5 4.71999 6.0 7.3 1.7 1.4 2.1 2.3 4.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 2.3 0.3 6.7 3.1 1.8 1.7 2.5 1.6 4.72000 6.0 7.3 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.3 4.8 2.3 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.1 0.3 6.8 3.0 1.8 1.9 2.4 1.6 4.7

2001 6.2 7.4 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3 4.9 2.5 0.0 0.0 1.3 2.4 0.4 7.0 3.0 1.9 2.0 2.5 1.7 4.82002 6.3 7.5 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.4 5.1 2.5 0.0 0.8 1.4 2.5 0.4 7.6 3.1 1.9 2.0 2.8 1.8 4.92003 6.6 7.6 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.3 5.4 2.5 0.1 0.8 1.5 2.6 0.4 7.9 3.2 2.1 2.0 3.3 1.9 5.02004 6.8 7.3 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.5 5.4 2.7 0.0 0.6 1.5 2.8 0.5 7.8 3.3 2.2 2.2 3.0 2.0 4.92005 6.7 7.4 1.3 1.9 2.4 2.5 5.4 2.7 0.1 0.6 1.8 2.9 0.5 7.7 3.2 2.2 2.2 4.3 2.1 5.02006 6.6 7.3 1.3 2.0 2.5 2.6 5.4 2.7 0.1 0.6 1.7 2.6 0.6 9.1 3.3 2.1 2.2 4.3 2.1 5.02007 6.6 7.2 1.3 2.1 2.6 2.4 5.5 2.6 0.1 0.7 1.6 2.6 0.5 9.0 3.4 2.0 2.0 4.4 2.1 5.02008 7.1 7.4 1.6 2.4 2.9 2.6 5.5 2.6 0.1 0.8 1.7 2.6 0.6 9.2 3.5 2.1 2.1 4.6 2.2 5.12009 7.7 8.1 1.9 2.7 3.1 3.0 5.9 2.9 0.1 1.0 2.0 3.1 0.6 10.3 3.7 2.4 2.4 5.1 2.5 5.62010 7.6 8.0 1.8 3.0 3.2 2.9 5.9 2.9 0.1 1.1 1.9 3.1 0.6 10.5 3.7 2.2 2.4 5.1 2.5 5.6

2011 7.8 7.8 1.7 2.9 3.4 2.9 5.9 2.7 0.1 1.1 2.0 3.0 0.6 10.5 3.7 2.0 2.4 4.8 2.6 5.52012 7.8 7.8 1.7 3.0 2.9 2.8 6.0 2.7 0.0 1.1 1.8 3.2 0.5 10.7 3.7 2.0 2.4 4.8 2.6 5.62013 7.8 8.1 1.7 2.8 2.4 2.8 6.0 2.7 0.0 1.1 1.6 3.5 0.5 10.6 3.8 2.0 2.4 4.9 2.7 5.72014 7.8 8.2 1.7 2.6 2.1 2.7 6.1 2.7 0.0 1.1 1.6 3.4 0.5 10.5 3.9 1.9 2.2 5.0 2.7 5.72015 7.7 8.3 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.6 6.1 2.7 0.0 1.2 1.7 3.2 0.6 10.3 3.9 1.9 2.3 5.0 2.8 5.72016 7.7 8.5 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.6 6.1 2.6 0.0 1.4 1.7 3.0 0.6 10.3 3.9 1.8 2.3 5.2 2.8 5.82017 7.7 8.6 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.6 6.1 2.6 0.0 1.4 1.6 3.1 0.6 10.2 3.9 1.8 2.2 5.0 2.8 5.82018 7.7 8.5 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.6 6.0 2.6 0.0 1.4 1.7 3.2 0.7 10.2 3.9 1.8 2.2 5.0 2.8 5.72019 7.8 8.7 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.6 5.9 2.6 0.0 1.3 1.9 3.2 0.9 10.3 4.0 1.9 2.1 5.1 2.9 5.82020 8.7 9.6 2.8 2.1 2.6 3.0 6.6 3.0 2.0 1.4 2.1 3.6 0.9 11.4 4.3 2.1 2.3 6.0 3.2 6.5

2021 8.2 9.3 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.9 6.1 2.7 2.7 1.4 2.0 3.6 0.9 11.4 4.2 1.8 2.2 5.8 3.1 6.2

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

139


65. Social transfers in kind supplied to households via market producers; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.0

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.0

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.8 0.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.1 3.7 0.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.2 3.7 0.01992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 3.9 0.01993 : : : : : : : 1.8 : : : : : : 1.3 4.1 0.01994 : : : : : : : 1.9 : : : : : : 1.4 4.5 0.01995 1.1 2.2 1.3 1.2 2.4 1.7 0.4 2.0 4.5 : : : : : 1.4 4.7 0.01996 1.0 2.7 1.3 1.2 2.5 1.4 0.4 2.1 4.5 : : : : : 1.4 4.8 0.01997 0.1 2.7 1.2 1.1 2.6 1.2 0.5 1.9 4.4 : : : : : 1.4 4.8 0.01998 0.1 2.7 1.3 1.3 2.7 1.1 0.4 2.1 4.4 : : : : : 1.4 4.9 0.01999 2.0 2.8 1.2 1.4 2.7 1.6 0.3 2.2 4.4 : : : : : 1.6 5.1 0.02000 0.4 2.7 1.2 1.2 2.6 1.9 0.3 2.4 4.4 : : : : : 1.7 5.6 0.0

2001 3.0 2.8 1.3 1.3 2.5 1.8 0.1 2.5 4.5 : : : : : 1.8 5.9 0.02002 1.5 3.1 1.4 1.8 2.6 1.8 0.3 2.7 4.6 : : : : : 2.0 6.1 0.02003 1.6 3.1 1.4 1.9 2.7 1.9 0.2 2.8 4.7 : : : : : 2.1 6.2 0.02004 1.3 3.1 1.4 2.1 2.9 2.0 0.9 2.6 4.6 : : : : : 2.2 6.3 0.02005 1.1 3.0 1.4 2.1 3.2 1.8 0.9 2.6 4.6 : : : : : 2.2 6.6 0.02006 1.1 2.7 1.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 0.8 2.6 4.7 : : : : : 2.3 6.5 0.02007 1.2 2.7 1.5 2.0 2.8 1.8 0.8 2.6 4.6 : : : : : 2.2 6.7 0.02008 1.5 2.7 1.6 1.8 2.7 1.9 0.8 2.7 4.7 : : : : : 2.3 7.0 0.02009 1.6 3.1 1.7 2.2 2.8 2.0 0.6 3.1 5.2 : : : : 4.1 2.5 7.7 0.02010 1.6 3.0 1.7 2.1 2.5 1.9 1.1 3.2 5.2 : : : : 3.4 2.5 7.9 0.0

2011 1.8 3.1 1.6 2.0 2.6 1.8 1.3 3.2 5.1 : : : : 2.9 2.4 8.4 0.02012 1.9 3.2 1.6 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.0 3.3 5.1 : : : : 2.7 2.4 8.6 0.02013 2.0 3.3 1.5 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.0 3.5 5.2 : : : : 2.6 2.3 8.7 0.02014 2.2 3.2 1.5 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.0 3.5 5.3 : : : : 2.5 2.3 8.7 0.02015 2.0 3.1 1.5 2.5 1.8 1.9 0.9 3.6 5.2 : : : : 2.5 2.4 8.7 0.02016 2.2 3.1 1.5 2.4 1.8 1.9 0.9 3.9 5.3 : : : : 2.6 2.4 8.8 0.02017 2.3 3.0 1.4 2.3 1.7 1.9 0.8 3.7 5.3 : : : : 2.5 2.4 8.7 0.02018 2.1 3.0 1.4 2.2 1.6 1.8 0.9 3.6 5.2 : : : : 2.6 2.4 8.9 0.02019 2.8 3.1 1.4 2.2 1.3 2.0 0.9 3.5 5.3 : : : : 2.5 2.3 : 0.02020 3.1 3.5 1.5 2.6 1.3 2.1 0.9 4.0 5.9 : : : : 2.7 2.6 : 0.0

2021 2.7 3.4 1.4 2.4 1.3 2.0 0.9 3.9 5.7 : : : : 2.7 2.5 : 0.0

140


66. Interest; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.6 :

1980 : : : : : : 1.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.7 :

1990 : 2.7 1.4

1991 : 2.7 : : : : 2.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.8 : 1992 : 3.1 : : : : 3.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.5 : 1993 : 3.2 : : : : 3.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 : 1994 : 3.3 : : : : 3.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.0 : 1995 9.0 3.5 0.5 5.1 10.7 4.9 3.4 11.1 1.9 0.8 0.3 0.6 1.8 5.1 4.0 5.5 2.1 2.4 3.8 5.31996 8.6 3.5 0.6 4.4 10.3 5.0 3.6 11.0 2.3 1.3 0.8 0.4 2.0 4.7 3.9 4.8 2.0 2.5 4.1 5.41997 7.8 3.4 0.4 3.7 8.3 4.5 3.5 9.1 2.3 0.9 0.7 0.4 2.4 4.4 3.6 3.8 2.3 2.4 4.1 4.91998 7.5 3.4 0.6 3.3 7.7 4.1 3.4 7.8 2.9 0.6 1.1 0.4 2.9 4.2 3.6 3.1 2.1 2.5 3.4 4.51999 6.9 3.1 0.4 2.4 7.6 3.4 3.0 6.4 2.9 0.6 1.5 0.3 3.8 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.3 3.4 2.9 4.02000 6.7 3.2 0.3 1.9 6.9 3.2 2.9 6.1 3.2 0.9 1.7 0.3 4.1 3.3 3.6 3.0 2.4 4.0 2.7 3.8

2001 6.6 3.0 0.2 1.4 6.3 3.0 3.0 6.1 3.2 0.9 1.5 0.3 3.7 2.9 3.6 3.0 2.3 4.0 2.6 3.72002 5.8 3.0 0.3 1.3 5.6 2.6 3.0 5.4 3.0 0.7 1.3 0.3 3.9 2.6 3.4 2.8 2.2 3.6 2.0 3.52003 5.4 2.9 0.2 1.2 4.9 2.3 2.8 5.0 3.2 0.8 1.2 0.2 3.5 2.4 3.2 2.7 1.9 2.5 1.8 3.22004 4.9 2.8 0.2 1.1 4.8 2.0 2.8 4.6 3.0 0.7 0.9 0.2 3.7 2.3 3.0 2.6 1.7 2.2 1.7 3.02005 4.4 2.8 0.2 1.0 4.7 1.7 2.7 4.5 3.2 0.5 0.8 0.2 3.8 2.2 3.2 2.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.92006 4.1 2.7 0.2 1.0 4.4 1.6 2.6 4.4 3.0 0.5 0.7 0.2 3.7 2.0 3.1 2.8 1.4 1.5 1.5 2.82007 4.0 2.7 0.2 1.0 4.5 1.6 2.7 4.7 2.8 0.4 0.7 0.3 3.5 2.0 3.1 3.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 2.92008 4.0 2.7 0.2 1.3 4.8 1.6 2.9 4.9 2.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 3.3 2.0 2.9 3.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 3.02009 3.9 2.6 0.2 2.0 5.0 1.7 2.5 4.4 2.3 1.6 1.2 0.4 3.3 2.0 3.1 3.0 1.3 1.5 1.3 2.82010 3.6 2.5 0.1 2.8 6.0 1.9 2.5 4.3 2.0 1.8 1.8 0.4 3.1 1.8 2.9 2.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 2.8

2011 3.5 2.5 0.1 3.4 7.5 2.5 2.7 4.6 2.1 1.8 1.8 0.5 3.2 1.8 2.8 4.3 1.9 1.5 1.4 3.02012 3.5 2.3 0.1 4.2 5.3 3.0 2.6 5.2 3.1 1.7 2.0 0.5 3.0 1.7 2.7 4.9 2.0 1.8 1.4 3.02013 3.3 1.8 0.1 4.3 4.1 3.5 2.3 4.8 3.4 1.5 1.8 0.6 2.9 1.6 2.6 4.8 2.5 1.9 1.3 2.82014 3.2 1.6 0.1 3.9 4.0 3.4 2.2 4.6 3.2 1.5 1.6 0.4 2.7 1.5 2.4 4.9 3.2 1.9 1.2 2.62015 2.9 1.4 0.1 2.6 3.5 3.0 2.0 4.1 3.2 1.3 1.5 0.4 2.4 1.3 2.3 4.6 3.2 1.8 1.2 2.32016 2.7 1.2 0.0 2.3 3.2 2.8 1.8 3.9 2.7 1.0 1.3 0.3 2.1 1.2 2.1 4.1 3.0 1.7 1.1 2.12017 2.3 1.1 0.0 2.0 3.1 2.5 1.7 3.8 2.5 0.9 1.1 0.3 1.8 1.0 1.8 3.8 2.5 1.4 1.0 1.92018 2.1 0.9 0.0 1.6 3.3 2.4 1.7 3.7 2.4 0.7 0.9 0.3 1.5 0.9 1.6 3.4 2.0 1.3 0.9 1.82019 2.0 0.8 0.0 1.3 2.9 2.3 1.4 3.4 2.5 0.7 0.9 0.3 1.4 0.8 1.4 3.0 1.7 1.2 0.9 1.62020 2.0 0.7 0.0 1.2 3.0 2.4 1.4 3.7 2.4 0.8 0.6 0.3 1.5 0.8 1.5 3.4 1.8 1.3 0.8 1.7

2021 1.9 0.7 0.0 1.1 2.7 2.3 1.3 3.6 2.1 0.7 0.6 0.2 1.5 0.8 1.3 3.4 1.7 1.3 0.7 1.6

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

141


66. Interest; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.1

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.6

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.1 6.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.1 3.5 6.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.6 3.4 6.51992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.6 3.4 6.21993 : : : : : : : 4.4 : : : : : : 2.6 3.3 6.01994 : : : : : : : 4.8 : : : : : : 2.8 3.3 5.81995 9.7 1.0 5.8 1.4 8.7 5.6 1.6 5.1 5.3 : : : : : 3.1 3.3 6.01996 15.7 1.1 5.6 1.5 9.0 4.5 1.8 5.2 5.3 : : : : : 3.1 3.3 5.81997 6.5 1.1 5.0 1.4 8.4 4.5 4.4 5.0 4.9 : : : : : 3.1 3.3 5.51998 3.6 1.1 4.5 1.5 7.1 4.0 4.0 4.4 4.4 : : : : : 3.1 3.3 5.21999 3.6 0.9 4.1 1.7 6.7 2.9 5.1 3.9 3.9 : : : : : 2.6 3.3 4.72000 4.1 0.8 3.7 1.6 5.3 3.0 3.9 3.3 3.8 : : : : : 2.4 3.1 4.4

2001 4.2 0.9 3.4 1.7 4.7 3.1 3.4 2.7 3.6 : : : : : 2.1 2.7 4.22002 2.2 1.1 3.1 1.7 4.0 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.4 : : : : : 1.8 2.4 4.02003 2.2 1.0 2.8 1.7 4.0 3.0 1.6 2.1 3.1 : : : : : 1.8 2.1 4.02004 1.8 1.1 2.5 1.8 4.3 2.7 1.5 1.7 3.0 : : : : : 1.8 1.9 3.82005 1.6 1.1 2.1 1.8 4.1 2.5 1.2 1.8 2.8 : : : : : 1.9 1.7 3.92006 1.3 1.0 1.8 1.6 3.8 2.4 0.8 1.7 2.7 : : : : : 1.9 1.7 4.02007 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.7 4.0 2.2 0.7 1.7 2.7 : : : : : 2.1 1.9 4.12008 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.8 4.1 2.1 0.7 1.6 2.8 : : : : : 2.2 2.0 3.92009 0.7 1.2 1.9 2.2 4.5 2.5 1.4 1.2 2.7 : : : : 4.6 1.8 2.0 4.22010 0.7 1.3 1.9 2.4 4.1 2.5 1.5 1.1 2.7 : : : : 3.8 2.8 1.9 4.2

2011 0.7 1.3 2.0 2.7 4.2 2.5 1.6 1.2 2.9 : : : : 3.0 3.1 2.0 4.42012 0.8 1.4 1.8 3.1 4.6 2.7 1.8 0.9 2.9 : : : : 2.9 2.8 2.0 4.32013 0.7 1.3 1.7 3.1 4.5 2.5 1.8 0.8 2.6 : : : : 2.3 2.8 2.0 4.02014 0.9 1.3 1.5 3.4 4.0 2.0 1.7 0.7 2.5 : : : : 2.2 2.6 1.9 3.92015 0.9 1.1 1.6 3.4 3.5 1.8 1.6 0.6 2.2 : : : : 2.0 2.3 1.8 3.82016 0.9 0.9 1.1 3.1 3.1 1.7 1.5 0.5 2.0 : : : : 2.0 2.4 1.8 3.92017 0.8 0.7 0.8 2.7 2.7 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.8 : : : : 2.2 2.7 1.7 3.82018 0.7 0.8 0.8 2.3 2.4 1.4 1.1 0.5 1.7 2.2 : : : 3.0 2.4 1.6 3.92019 0.6 0.7 0.7 2.2 2.3 1.4 1.2 0.4 1.5 2.1 2.0 1.3 2.0 3.5 2.2 1.5 3.92020 0.6 0.9 0.8 2.3 2.5 1.4 1.5 0.3 1.6 2.6 2.2 1.3 2.1 4.1 2.1 1.6 4.2

2021 0.7 0.9 0.8 2.3 2.4 1.4 1.7 0.3 1.5 2.3 2.1 1.4 2.2 4.9 2.0 1.5 4.0

1) SNA 2008

142


67. Subsidies; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 :

1980 : : : : : : 1.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.0 :

1990 : 1.7 2.7

1991 : 2.0 : : : : 1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 : 1992 : 1.8 : : : : 1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 : 1993 : 1.8 : : : : 1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.1 : 1994 : 2.0 : : : : 1.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.9 : 1995 1.7 2.0 0.8 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.5 1.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.7 0.8 2.6 1.0 2.1 4.6 2.7 1.71996 1.9 1.9 0.8 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.2 2.2 0.9 2.3 1.2 1.9 3.8 1.9 1.61997 1.6 1.7 0.7 1.3 0.0 0.9 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.2 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.9 4.2 1.8 1.51998 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.0 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 2.1 1.2 2.4 1.2 2.0 2.7 1.6 1.51999 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.8 1.3 2.2 1.4 1.9 2.6 1.5 1.52000 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.2 2.1 1.2 1.9 2.4 1.5 1.4

2001 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.0 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.42002 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.42003 1.8 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.1 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.1 2.0 1.2 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.32004 1.7 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.9 0.9 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.22005 2.2 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.7 1.1 1.6 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.22006 2.6 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.0 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.7 1.0 1.6 0.9 1.6 0.9 1.3 1.22007 2.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.5 0.8 1.6 0.8 1.2 1.22008 3.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.0 1.1 1.5 1.1 0.4 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.6 0.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.22009 3.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.1 1.2 1.8 1.3 0.2 1.6 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.6 0.7 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.42010 3.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.1 1.8 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.6 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.4

2011 3.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.7 1.4 0.4 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.42012 3.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.7 1.5 0.5 1.4 0.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.42013 3.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.7 0.5 1.5 0.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.6 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.42014 3.9 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 2.2 1.8 0.5 1.7 0.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.52015 3.8 0.9 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.1 2.6 1.7 0.4 1.3 0.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.52016 3.7 0.9 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.0 2.5 1.7 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.52017 3.6 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0 2.5 1.5 0.3 1.3 0.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.52018 3.7 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2.6 1.5 0.3 1.0 0.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.5 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.52019 3.7 0.9 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.0 2.8 1.6 0.3 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.52020 4.5 3.5 1.3 1.2 2.6 1.6 2.4 2.7 0.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 4.2 3.0 5.1 1.9 3.2 2.3 1.9 2.8

2021 4.1 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.6 0.4 1.0 0.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.8 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.5

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

143


67. Subsidies; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.1 0.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.6 0.8 0.5

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.5 0.9 0.41992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.6 0.8 0.51993 : : : : : : : 4.2 : : : : : : 0.6 0.8 0.51994 : : : : : : : 3.8 : : : : : : 0.6 0.8 0.41995 0.7 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.0 4.1 3.5 1.7 : : : : : 0.5 0.8 0.51996 0.6 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.1 4.3 3.0 1.7 : : : : : 0.4 0.7 0.41997 0.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.6 0.9 3.1 2.5 1.5 : : : : : 0.5 0.8 0.41998 1.7 2.4 2.3 2.6 1.6 0.9 2.0 1.9 1.5 : : : : : 0.4 0.7 0.41999 1.5 2.4 2.2 2.6 1.9 0.8 2.3 1.8 1.5 : : : : : 0.4 0.8 0.52000 1.0 2.2 2.0 2.6 1.6 0.8 2.3 1.5 1.4 : : : : : 0.4 0.9 0.4

2001 0.9 2.3 2.0 2.4 1.7 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 : : : : : 0.4 0.8 0.62002 0.8 1.8 2.1 2.2 1.7 0.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 : : : : : 0.5 0.7 0.42003 1.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.4 0.6 2.0 1.4 1.3 : : : : : 0.5 0.8 0.42004 0.9 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.6 0.9 2.0 1.4 1.3 : : : : : 0.5 0.7 0.42005 0.7 1.5 1.9 2.3 1.3 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.2 : : : : : 0.5 0.6 0.52006 0.7 1.6 1.8 2.3 1.4 0.9 2.0 1.5 1.2 : : : : : 0.6 0.6 0.42007 0.8 1.5 1.9 2.4 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.2 : : : : : 0.6 0.5 0.42008 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.2 : : : : : 0.6 0.5 0.42009 1.1 1.8 2.1 2.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.4 : : : : 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.42010 1.1 1.8 2.0 2.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.7 1.4 : : : : 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.4

2011 0.9 2.3 2.1 2.3 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.4 : : : : 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.42012 0.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.4 : : : : 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.42013 1.3 2.3 2.1 1.7 2.1 0.7 0.5 1.7 1.4 : : : : 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.42014 1.3 2.3 2.1 1.5 2.0 0.7 0.4 1.7 1.5 : : : : 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.32015 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.2 1.9 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.5 : : : : 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.32016 1.4 2.3 1.8 1.3 2.0 0.5 0.3 1.6 1.5 : : : : 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.32017 1.1 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.9 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.4 : : : : 1.8 0.8 0.5 0.32018 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.7 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.5 : : : : 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.32019 2.4 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.7 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.5 : : 5.1 : 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.32020 3.0 2.9 5.4 3.4 1.7 2.0 1.2 1.7 2.8 : : 6.4 : 1.5 1.4 0.6 0.4

2021 2.5 2.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 0.6 0.4 1.7 1.4 : : 6.4 : 1.5 1.1 0.6 0.4

1) SNA 2008

144


68. Other current expenditure; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 :

1980 : : : : : : 2.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 :

1990 : 2.7 1.7

1991 : 2.4 : : : : 3.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.0 : 1992 : 2.1 : : : : 3.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.1 : 1993 : 2.2 : : : : 3.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.2 : 1994 : 2.1 : : : : 3.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.8 : 1995 2.0 2.0 0.5 2.5 1.8 1.4 3.3 1.3 2.7 1.4 0.1 2.9 1.2 1.8 2.8 1.8 0.8 1.1 2.4 2.11996 2.0 2.0 0.8 2.8 1.8 1.5 3.3 1.6 2.7 0.4 0.1 2.7 0.9 1.8 3.2 1.8 0.8 1.1 2.5 2.21997 2.0 2.0 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.6 3.2 1.4 2.0 1.9 2.0 3.4 1.0 1.8 2.8 1.9 1.0 1.4 2.7 2.11998 2.0 1.9 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 3.2 2.1 1.8 2.3 0.7 3.6 0.6 1.7 2.7 2.0 1.1 1.0 2.6 2.21999 2.0 1.9 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.7 3.1 2.1 1.6 1.6 0.6 3.6 0.9 1.7 2.9 2.0 1.4 1.1 2.6 2.22000 1.9 2.0 0.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 3.2 2.1 1.9 1.5 0.1 3.2 1.2 1.8 2.9 1.9 1.5 1.8 2.5 2.2

2001 1.9 1.9 0.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 3.2 2.1 1.8 0.5 0.4 3.0 1.5 2.2 3.5 2.0 2.0 1.3 2.3 2.22002 1.9 1.8 0.6 1.7 1.4 1.6 3.3 2.1 1.8 1.2 0.2 2.9 0.9 2.0 3.2 2.2 1.7 1.6 2.4 2.22003 2.0 1.9 0.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 3.4 2.1 2.3 0.7 0.2 3.0 1.1 1.9 3.4 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.32004 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.7 3.3 2.2 1.8 1.0 0.8 3.6 1.9 2.0 2.9 2.2 2.0 1.6 2.5 2.22005 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.7 3.5 2.1 2.5 3.8 1.8 3.2 1.7 2.1 3.1 2.2 2.6 1.8 2.5 2.32006 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 3.5 2.1 2.3 4.6 1.3 3.0 1.7 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.3 1.5 2.6 2.32007 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 3.4 2.2 2.5 3.2 1.3 2.8 1.8 2.0 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.6 2.4 2.22008 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.9 3.5 2.2 3.0 4.1 1.5 3.0 1.9 2.2 2.9 2.2 2.1 1.5 2.5 2.32009 2.3 1.9 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.0 3.9 2.3 2.7 3.6 1.7 3.2 2.0 1.8 3.0 2.6 2.1 1.8 2.8 2.52010 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.8 3.9 2.2 2.4 4.3 1.3 3.2 2.0 2.1 3.1 2.6 1.9 1.6 2.8 2.5

2011 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.9 3.8 2.2 2.7 2.3 1.6 3.4 1.9 2.0 3.0 2.7 2.0 1.5 2.9 2.42012 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 3.9 2.3 2.7 3.2 1.4 3.5 1.9 1.9 3.1 2.6 2.0 1.5 2.8 2.52013 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 4.0 2.4 2.2 2.8 1.6 3.4 2.4 1.9 3.2 2.6 2.2 1.7 3.0 2.62014 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 3.8 2.3 2.3 3.3 1.4 3.2 2.2 1.9 3.2 2.6 1.8 1.7 3.0 2.52015 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.6 1.5 3.8 2.2 2.6 2.8 1.5 3.3 2.1 1.9 3.4 2.4 1.8 1.9 2.8 2.52016 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.1 1.6 1.6 4.0 2.2 2.1 3.0 1.7 3.2 1.9 1.3 3.3 2.4 2.4 1.8 2.7 2.52017 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.4 3.9 2.0 2.3 3.0 1.4 3.5 1.9 1.4 3.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 2.4 2.32018 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.5 4.0 2.2 2.2 3.4 1.6 3.5 2.1 1.6 3.4 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.52019 2.0 2.3 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.2 2.6 3.2 1.7 3.5 2.1 1.7 3.3 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.6 2.52020 2.5 3.9 1.9 1.2 2.7 1.8 4.4 2.4 6.0 3.9 1.6 3.9 2.4 1.7 3.7 2.9 2.2 2.6 2.8 3.2

2021 1.7 2.4 1.9 1.1 1.4 1.7 4.2 2.1 2.2 3.2 1.5 3.9 2.3 1.8 3.5 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.8 2.6

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

145


68. Other current expenditure; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.8 0.3

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.4 0.8 0.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.0 1.0 -0.41992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 0.8 0.31993 : : : : : : : 6.6 : : : : : : 1.6 0.9 0.31994 : : : : : : : 6.6 : : : : : : 1.7 0.8 0.31995 0.9 1.2 3.2 13.8 1.1 1.1 1.6 7.0 2.3 : : : : : 1.9 0.8 0.21996 0.7 1.5 3.3 13.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 6.8 2.4 : : : : : 1.8 0.9 0.31997 0.2 1.0 3.5 12.7 1.2 1.4 0.6 6.5 2.3 : : : : : 1.7 0.9 0.21998 0.4 1.0 3.6 10.6 1.3 0.9 3.2 7.3 2.4 : : : : : 2.0 1.0 0.21999 1.4 0.9 3.4 11.6 1.5 0.4 0.4 7.1 2.4 : : : : : 2.0 1.2 0.22000 0.9 1.2 3.3 13.9 1.6 0.5 0.5 6.7 2.4 : : : : : 2.3 1.1 0.2

2001 1.2 1.1 3.5 13.6 1.7 0.4 1.2 6.3 2.3 : : : : : 2.1 1.0 0.22002 1.4 1.1 3.3 1.0 1.9 1.1 1.2 6.0 2.3 : : : : : 2.4 1.1 0.22003 1.1 1.0 3.3 2.6 1.8 1.1 1.3 6.4 2.4 : : : : : 2.5 1.1 0.22004 1.3 1.4 3.3 1.3 2.3 1.3 1.2 6.5 2.4 : : : : : 2.5 1.1 0.22005 1.7 1.6 3.3 2.3 2.5 2.2 0.9 6.5 2.5 : : : : : 2.6 1.1 0.32006 1.1 1.7 3.3 1.9 2.8 2.4 0.8 6.2 2.4 : : : : : 2.5 1.2 0.32007 1.8 1.8 3.3 0.9 2.7 2.4 1.9 5.7 2.4 : : : : : 2.5 1.2 0.32008 2.6 1.9 3.2 1.4 2.5 2.5 1.4 5.7 2.5 : : : : : 2.4 1.3 0.32009 4.2 1.9 3.6 1.1 2.7 2.3 1.8 5.8 2.6 : : : : 1.4 2.7 1.8 0.42010 1.2 2.0 3.5 1.8 2.5 2.2 1.9 5.6 2.6 : : : : 1.1 2.9 1.7 0.4

2011 1.6 2.1 3.3 1.2 2.7 2.2 2.2 5.4 2.5 : : : : 1.3 2.6 1.5 0.42012 1.8 2.2 3.6 1.4 2.7 2.3 2.5 5.5 2.6 : : : : 1.1 2.5 1.4 0.32013 2.2 2.2 3.6 1.9 3.3 2.3 1.9 5.7 2.7 : : : : 1.1 2.5 1.4 0.32014 2.6 2.1 3.2 1.6 3.2 2.1 2.3 5.6 2.6 : : : : 1.2 2.2 1.5 0.32015 2.1 2.1 3.2 2.3 2.9 2.2 2.5 5.4 2.6 : : : : 1.2 2.1 1.5 0.32016 1.2 2.1 3.0 2.3 3.6 2.0 1.5 5.3 2.6 : : : : 1.2 2.0 1.5 0.32017 2.2 2.1 3.1 2.1 3.1 1.9 1.7 5.5 2.4 : : : : 1.1 1.8 1.5 0.32018 2.3 2.1 3.2 1.5 3.1 2.1 1.8 5.8 2.6 : : : : 1.0 1.8 1.5 0.32019 0.8 2.0 3.1 1.3 3.3 2.1 1.4 5.7 2.6 : : : : 1.0 1.9 1.5 0.32020 1.5 3.1 3.5 1.5 3.6 2.5 1.8 7.2 3.3 : : : : 1.0 4.0 1.6 0.3

2021 1.9 1.6 3.4 1.4 3.5 2.3 1.5 5.9 2.7 : : : : 1.0 0.9 1.5 0.3

1) SNA 2008

146


69. Total current expenditure; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 32.6 :

1980 : : : : : : 41.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 35.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 47.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 41.3 :

1990 : 44.2 42.8

1991 : 41.2 : : : : 45.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 51.2 : 1992 : 42.4 : : : : 46.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.4 : 1993 : 43.6 : : : : 49.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 58.4 : 1994 : 44.1 : : : : 48.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.5 : 1995 49.3 44.7 34.2 37.0 41.2 37.7 49.0 46.7 25.7 33.0 30.0 35.6 35.4 44.7 50.1 37.4 40.5 39.7 54.5 45.51996 49.8 45.6 33.7 35.4 40.5 37.5 49.7 47.3 27.1 32.1 31.6 35.1 37.1 42.9 50.0 37.5 39.9 42.0 54.0 45.91997 48.0 45.0 31.6 32.9 38.1 36.3 49.5 45.6 28.4 32.9 35.2 36.2 36.9 41.4 47.7 36.2 40.6 40.6 51.4 44.81998 47.5 44.3 32.8 31.0 38.1 35.6 48.1 44.0 30.6 34.3 37.5 36.1 36.5 40.2 47.4 36.2 40.5 38.7 47.9 43.81999 46.8 44.5 34.9 28.3 38.8 34.7 47.6 42.9 30.2 36.4 37.3 34.1 36.7 39.2 47.6 36.6 41.1 38.7 46.3 43.32000 45.7 43.8 31.5 26.4 38.8 34.0 46.8 42.3 30.5 33.1 34.8 32.9 35.8 37.9 46.8 37.6 42.2 39.1 44.1 42.5

2001 46.2 43.5 30.0 27.3 39.1 33.2 46.9 42.9 31.5 31.0 33.0 34.4 37.5 38.1 47.1 38.1 42.8 38.4 43.4 42.42002 46.9 44.0 29.6 28.2 38.6 33.1 48.0 42.6 32.7 31.3 31.2 35.5 37.1 38.7 46.9 38.8 42.4 37.8 44.4 42.82003 47.4 44.5 29.5 28.5 38.6 33.0 48.4 42.6 35.9 30.6 30.1 37.2 37.1 39.5 47.4 40.2 42.0 36.2 45.3 43.02004 46.3 43.3 29.7 28.8 39.6 33.0 48.1 42.4 34.1 30.6 29.9 37.5 38.4 39.2 46.3 40.6 41.5 34.4 45.0 42.52005 46.2 43.3 28.9 29.0 40.2 32.9 48.2 42.6 35.2 30.6 30.2 37.2 37.6 38.3 46.9 41.7 41.8 34.7 45.1 42.42006 45.8 41.8 28.0 29.4 39.9 32.8 47.9 42.2 34.5 30.4 29.7 34.6 37.7 38.9 46.1 41.2 40.6 34.3 44.5 41.82007 45.3 40.2 27.3 30.3 41.4 33.3 47.5 42.3 33.6 28.2 29.0 33.0 37.2 38.3 44.8 40.8 38.0 32.6 42.8 41.22008 47.3 40.5 32.0 34.8 43.6 35.4 48.1 43.5 34.3 33.2 32.2 34.9 39.6 38.8 45.4 41.5 39.2 32.8 44.0 42.22009 50.8 44.4 38.1 39.8 47.5 39.7 51.5 46.0 36.7 39.6 40.0 39.3 38.8 42.1 48.5 45.4 43.5 38.6 49.7 45.82010 50.0 43.3 35.6 39.7 47.5 40.2 51.5 45.7 36.1 39.4 37.1 38.0 37.7 42.7 48.3 44.7 44.7 37.8 49.9 45.5

2011 50.6 41.7 32.6 39.3 50.1 41.0 51.1 45.3 37.3 34.2 33.7 37.2 37.9 42.2 46.7 45.7 45.1 36.9 49.4 45.02012 51.3 41.6 31.8 39.2 48.8 41.5 51.7 46.7 38.4 33.4 32.2 38.9 38.5 42.3 46.8 45.3 44.7 37.1 51.0 45.42013 51.7 41.7 32.0 37.9 45.4 42.4 52.0 47.4 38.4 33.5 30.8 38.9 37.8 42.1 47.2 46.7 44.7 38.3 52.3 45.72014 51.5 41.1 31.7 34.7 45.6 42.0 52.3 47.3 37.1 34.1 30.0 37.6 36.5 41.8 47.0 45.6 43.4 38.7 52.7 45.42015 50.1 41.0 33.4 25.9 45.3 40.6 52.1 46.2 36.6 33.7 30.7 37.1 34.2 40.7 46.9 44.0 42.7 38.5 52.5 44.52016 49.7 41.0 34.2 25.3 45.2 39.7 52.0 45.8 34.4 33.9 30.6 36.0 33.3 39.6 46.4 42.8 42.7 38.6 51.3 44.12017 48.7 40.9 33.1 23.8 43.9 38.6 51.4 44.9 33.6 33.7 29.5 37.0 32.6 38.9 45.2 41.0 40.4 37.9 49.5 43.42018 48.8 41.0 33.3 22.8 43.0 38.7 51.2 45.2 33.3 33.4 30.6 37.1 32.4 38.6 45.0 40.3 39.5 37.7 49.0 43.32019 48.9 41.8 33.6 22.0 42.6 39.2 50.8 45.3 36.2 34.0 31.7 37.3 33.0 38.2 44.6 39.8 39.4 38.7 49.0 43.42020 56.3 50.1 39.6 26.3 51.5 46.6 57.5 54.1 47.7 39.3 38.0 44.1 40.7 43.7 52.4 46.0 47.3 45.5 54.9 50.9

2021 51.0 44.3 36.3 23.4 43.7 42.8 52.3 48.3 43.5 36.6 33.6 40.5 36.0 41.7 47.1 41.6 41.5 40.9 52.2 45.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

147


69. Total current expenditure; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 28.9

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 32.1

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 26.6 32.6

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.2 25.3 32.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 32.6 25.2 33.91992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 35.1 25.5 35.01993 : : : : : : : 62.3 : : : : : : 35.1 26.4 34.71994 : : : : : : : 61.1 : : : : : : 34.9 27.4 33.91995 31.0 33.9 55.2 54.5 48.6 44.5 29.7 57.8 45.9 : : : : : 35.1 28.2 34.01996 36.2 33.7 54.6 52.6 46.0 43.5 28.7 56.4 46.2 : : : : : 34.0 28.4 33.41997 28.8 34.0 52.7 48.6 43.6 43.1 31.4 54.2 45.1 : : : : : 33.4 28.7 32.41998 29.6 33.2 52.3 51.1 42.7 40.9 32.8 53.0 44.1 : : : : : 33.1 29.6 31.51999 36.9 34.4 51.5 53.1 43.3 40.1 36.1 51.7 43.6 : : : : : 32.8 31.0 30.92000 36.5 34.1 49.6 51.5 41.0 39.8 34.1 49.3 42.7 : : : : : 33.1 31.3 30.6

2001 36.4 34.1 50.0 51.2 40.5 41.7 32.2 48.5 42.6 : : : : : 33.7 31.7 31.82002 34.8 35.6 50.3 42.7 41.9 42.1 30.2 49.4 43.0 : : : : : 34.7 32.4 32.72003 34.8 36.6 50.9 40.6 43.2 41.9 29.3 49.7 43.2 : : : : : 35.7 32.4 33.22004 34.0 35.1 50.1 39.7 43.5 40.3 28.4 48.4 42.6 : : : : : 36.8 32.0 32.82005 32.7 34.5 48.6 39.4 43.9 40.0 29.2 48.2 42.5 : : : : : 37.3 32.0 32.92006 29.6 34.4 47.0 39.3 44.4 39.7 28.7 47.1 41.8 : : : : : 37.4 32.0 32.82007 29.6 34.1 46.5 38.1 43.7 38.1 29.8 45.4 41.1 : : : : : 37.6 32.3 33.32008 31.4 34.0 46.8 38.2 44.2 38.7 30.1 45.9 42.0 : : : : : 38.7 33.4 35.22009 34.1 37.3 53.1 41.4 45.8 39.1 33.3 47.9 45.5 : : : : 33.2 42.1 36.8 38.12010 31.4 37.5 53.0 42.2 44.3 39.5 33.4 45.9 45.2 : : : : 30.8 43.0 36.6 38.6

2011 30.2 37.4 52.3 42.4 43.4 37.5 31.6 45.1 44.6 : : : : 29.4 42.0 37.6 37.82012 30.4 37.4 52.5 42.8 44.1 37.7 30.9 46.3 45.0 : : : : 29.2 41.5 37.5 36.42013 33.3 38.0 52.0 43.0 44.4 38.1 29.8 47.1 45.3 : : : : 28.6 40.4 37.3 35.52014 34.2 37.0 50.8 43.2 42.9 37.3 29.7 46.3 44.9 : : : : 28.3 39.4 37.0 35.02015 33.2 35.7 50.2 43.7 41.3 36.7 29.7 45.0 44.0 : : : : 28.0 38.6 36.3 34.82016 30.9 36.0 48.3 42.3 41.6 37.4 29.4 45.1 43.6 : : : : 30.1 37.9 36.4 35.02017 31.5 35.4 47.4 41.3 40.3 36.6 30.0 44.6 42.9 : : : : 29.2 37.3 35.8 34.72018 32.5 36.3 46.8 40.9 38.8 36.4 30.9 44.7 42.8 : : : : 30.3 37.0 35.9 34.62019 32.0 36.8 46.2 40.9 37.9 37.3 31.5 44.1 42.8 : : : : 31.2 37.0 36.1 34.72020 37.3 43.1 55.4 47.4 42.2 42.1 37.2 49.6 50.1 : : : : 33.6 44.2 39.5 41.9

2021 35.4 40.4 50.1 43.8 40.0 39.1 38.5 46.7 45.4 : : : : 34.1 39.0 39.5 35.3

1) SNA 2008

148


70. Gross saving; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.6 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.0 :

1990 : 3.4 10.2

1991 : 1.8 : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 : 1992 : 2.0 : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.2 : 1993 : 1.2 : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.6 : 1994 : 1.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.6 : 1995 -1.4 0.5 6.2 -0.1 -6.6 -1.6 0.4 -3.1 4.4 1.2 3.0 7.1 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -1.2 4.3 5.2 0.5 -0.51996 -1.0 -0.1 4.7 1.7 -5.8 -1.7 1.0 -2.9 2.7 2.3 1.7 7.0 -5.2 1.7 0.9 -0.3 4.0 1.3 2.0 -0.41997 1.0 0.3 7.0 3.2 -2.3 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.9 2.1 3.3 7.3 -3.3 2.2 1.9 0.9 2.4 1.8 3.2 0.61998 2.1 0.8 5.2 4.1 -1.4 1.5 2.1 0.5 -0.3 2.4 0.7 8.3 -5.1 2.4 2.0 0.9 3.1 1.8 5.8 1.41999 2.5 1.6 1.6 6.5 -0.8 2.7 3.1 2.1 -0.2 0.1 0.6 8.3 -2.9 4.1 1.6 1.8 2.8 1.9 6.0 2.42000 3.2 2.0 4.3 7.9 0.7 2.9 3.1 1.4 1.6 0.7 1.6 10.3 -2.5 5.1 1.7 0.9 1.5 0.9 10.4 2.7

2001 3.1 0.5 5.0 5.0 -0.2 3.7 3.1 1.0 1.7 1.7 0.8 9.4 -2.3 3.9 3.4 -0.2 1.3 -0.4 8.5 2.12002 2.6 -0.4 6.4 3.3 0.4 4.0 1.3 0.8 0.1 1.2 1.7 8.0 -1.4 2.4 2.6 0.1 2.3 -0.7 7.7 1.32003 1.5 -0.3 6.9 3.6 -1.2 3.8 0.4 -0.3 -1.4 1.6 1.9 6.2 -1.2 1.5 1.9 -2.1 2.5 1.0 6.1 0.72004 2.2 -0.3 6.5 4.5 -2.4 4.5 0.9 0.2 -0.8 3.0 2.3 4.9 -2.1 2.1 2.4 -1.7 2.8 1.0 6.0 1.12005 2.3 -0.2 5.6 4.8 -2.7 5.7 1.3 0.1 0.0 2.8 2.8 6.2 -1.1 3.2 1.5 -2.3 3.0 2.0 6.2 1.42006 2.6 1.4 7.5 5.9 -3.2 6.8 2.3 1.6 2.1 4.8 3.4 7.0 -0.9 3.7 1.5 -0.9 3.4 0.7 7.1 2.52007 2.8 3.0 8.5 4.4 -3.4 6.9 2.1 2.8 7.0 5.3 4.0 9.2 0.7 3.6 2.8 0.0 5.0 1.3 8.5 3.22008 1.8 3.2 4.2 -1.3 -5.1 0.6 1.8 1.5 4.7 0.1 1.7 8.2 -1.9 4.2 2.8 -0.5 4.0 1.5 7.6 2.02009 -2.0 0.3 3.2 -7.2 -9.9 -5.6 -1.8 -1.0 -0.5 -5.0 -5.7 5.3 -1.2 0.0 -0.3 -5.7 -0.5 -3.4 1.5 -1.72010 -0.8 0.1 3.1 -7.0 -8.2 -4.6 -1.7 -0.4 0.5 -3.5 -4.1 5.6 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -5.3 -0.6 -3.9 1.1 -1.4

2011 -0.3 2.3 4.1 -6.0 -8.5 -5.4 -0.3 -0.3 -1.5 1.0 -2.3 5.9 -0.8 -0.1 1.4 -4.2 -1.3 -1.2 2.9 -0.32012 0.0 2.9 4.9 -5.5 -4.4 -4.5 0.2 0.6 -2.5 2.1 -1.0 5.5 -1.3 0.3 2.0 -4.2 -0.1 -1.6 1.9 0.42013 0.3 2.9 4.5 -3.9 -0.3 -4.6 0.9 0.1 -2.0 2.1 0.0 5.3 -0.3 1.2 2.2 -2.8 -0.2 -0.2 1.6 0.72014 0.2 3.3 5.5 -1.2 -1.3 -3.8 0.7 0.2 2.7 1.5 1.4 5.8 0.4 1.5 2.5 -1.9 0.5 0.2 1.2 1.02015 0.4 3.6 4.9 0.9 -0.3 -3.0 0.7 1.0 2.5 2.0 2.3 5.9 1.3 1.6 3.1 -0.9 1.2 2.1 1.2 1.42016 0.2 4.0 4.3 1.3 2.5 -2.4 0.7 0.5 3.1 3.1 3.0 6.6 3.6 3.6 2.0 -0.5 1.3 0.9 2.4 1.62017 1.7 4.4 4.6 1.7 2.9 -1.1 1.7 1.0 4.5 3.5 3.5 6.2 5.8 4.5 3.0 1.0 3.2 2.3 3.1 2.42018 1.9 5.0 4.2 2.3 3.4 -0.5 1.7 0.9 5.4 3.7 3.3 8.1 5.0 4.7 3.7 2.2 4.3 2.4 3.1 2.82019 0.8 4.7 4.6 2.9 3.5 -0.9 1.2 1.6 4.6 3.4 2.6 7.3 3.7 5.1 4.1 2.7 4.1 2.2 2.8 2.62020 -6.5 -3.3 -2.0 -2.6 -5.4 -7.8 -5.3 -6.6 -5.2 -2.9 -4.3 1.1 -2.6 -1.9 -2.4 -3.8 -3.4 -4.9 -2.8 -4.6

2021 -1.9 2.1 1.7 0.0 0.9 -4.7 -0.1 -2.0 0.3 -0.9 0.0 5.5 1.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 1.2 -0.7 0.9 -0.1

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

149


70. Gross saving; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.5

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -2.9

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.0 -1.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.6 7.6 -0.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 7.5 -1.71992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -2.2 7.0 -3.01993 : : : : : : : -3.2 : : : : : : -3.6 4.9 -2.51994 : : : : : : : -2.5 : : : : : : -2.8 4.2 -1.31995 -4.9 6.1 -0.3 7.5 -2.3 -0.9 2.3 -1.6 -0.5 : : : : : -2.1 3.5 -1.11996 -7.7 5.0 0.8 8.2 0.2 -0.4 0.9 1.7 -0.2 : : : : : -1.2 3.3 0.01997 2.3 4.7 1.9 7.2 0.0 -0.6 -1.2 3.2 0.8 : : : : : 0.0 3.7 1.21998 5.3 4.7 2.6 9.3 0.2 0.1 -0.4 4.4 1.5 : : : : : 1.8 1.9 2.31999 4.5 3.8 3.8 6.5 0.0 1.1 -1.3 5.1 2.5 : : : : : 2.7 0.8 2.82000 3.7 3.2 4.8 4.6 2.8 -0.6 -0.2 7.0 2.8 : : : : : 3.4 0.5 3.7

2001 5.1 3.3 3.8 4.5 2.2 -1.4 0.6 5.5 2.2 : : : : : 2.6 0.6 1.62002 3.0 2.7 2.7 4.1 -0.2 -1.5 2.6 2.9 1.3 : : : : : 0.6 -1.1 -1.62003 3.2 2.6 2.5 4.5 -1.8 -2.2 3.5 3.0 0.8 : : : : : -0.4 -1.6 -2.62004 5.5 4.7 4.6 4.1 -1.8 -1.8 3.9 4.3 1.2 : : : : : -0.2 -1.4 -2.02005 4.8 4.4 7.4 3.9 -2.9 -0.1 3.2 6.0 1.7 : : : : : -0.1 -0.2 -0.62006 5.4 4.2 7.7 4.0 -3.2 0.6 4.7 6.3 2.7 : : : : : 0.2 0.9 0.32007 7.8 5.0 7.9 5.2 0.3 2.5 3.7 7.4 3.5 : : : : : 0.3 1.2 -0.12008 6.2 3.9 6.6 4.8 0.2 1.3 1.4 6.2 2.3 : : : : : -1.2 -0.2 -3.02009 -0.1 0.1 0.5 1.3 -1.2 -2.1 -3.4 3.7 -1.5 : : : : -1.5 -5.4 -4.5 -8.12010 0.4 0.4 0.8 -0.4 -1.5 -2.4 -1.6 4.4 -1.1 : : : : 2.0 -5.2 -4.7 -8.0

2011 0.5 1.5 1.7 -1.7 -1.5 -0.2 1.0 4.3 -0.1 : : : : 3.3 -3.9 -4.6 -6.82012 2.1 2.2 1.9 -0.7 0.8 0.1 1.0 3.3 0.5 : : : : 3.9 -4.3 -4.0 -5.52013 1.9 2.4 3.1 -0.4 0.6 -0.7 2.0 2.9 0.8 : : : : 4.3 -2.5 -3.0 -2.52014 1.0 2.1 6.1 -0.1 1.6 0.2 2.2 2.9 1.2 : : : : 3.9 -2.3 -1.2 -2.02015 1.5 3.4 3.5 1.1 3.4 1.2 2.9 4.2 1.6 : : : : 4.3 -1.2 -0.2 -1.62016 3.6 4.1 4.2 3.5 3.2 0.8 1.2 5.4 1.8 : : : : 2.7 -0.1 -0.3 -2.32017 3.5 4.9 5.3 4.4 3.3 2.4 -0.6 5.9 2.6 : : : : 2.0 1.0 0.7 -2.42018 5.2 5.0 4.6 5.0 4.3 3.7 0.0 5.7 3.0 : : : : 1.8 1.3 1.6 -3.52019 5.6 4.5 7.0 5.7 4.3 2.9 -0.9 5.4 2.8 : : : : 1.4 1.5 1.7 -3.82020 1.1 -2.1 -3.4 -2.4 1.1 -2.5 -6.3 -0.3 -4.3 : : : : -3.4 -6.6 -0.6 -10.6

2021 1.9 0.4 1.1 2.3 1.7 0.0 -7.8 2.9 0.0 : : : : -4.5 -2.7 -1.0 -5.0

1) SNA 2008

150


71. Capital transfers received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1 :

1980 : : : : : : 0.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 0.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 :

1990 : 0.0 0.2

1991 : 0.3 : : : : 0.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : 1992 : 0.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : 1993 : 0.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3 : 1994 : 0.4 : : : : 0.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : 1995 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.8 1.6 1.2 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.61996 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.6 2.3 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.2 2.0 0.5 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.51997 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 1.7 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.61998 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.5 2.2 1.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.51999 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.6 2.3 1.3 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.62000 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.4 2.9 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.7 -0.2 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5

2001 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.52002 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.52003 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.72004 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.8 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.6 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.62005 0.6 0.4 0.3 1.2 1.9 1.1 0.4 0.4 1.9 1.1 0.8 0.2 3.2 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.62006 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.4 2.4 1.0 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.2 3.0 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.52007 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.5 2.4 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.4 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.52008 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.2 2.2 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.42009 0.4 0.4 2.1 0.6 1.4 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.5 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.62010 0.6 0.4 1.4 0.3 2.1 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.6 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.5

2011 0.6 0.4 1.5 0.5 2.3 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.6 2.2 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.52012 0.8 0.4 1.9 0.3 2.5 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.8 1.9 0.2 2.1 0.3 0.2 1.6 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.52013 1.0 0.4 1.8 0.3 4.1 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.6 2.1 0.2 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.62014 0.9 0.4 1.0 0.4 2.4 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.6 2.7 0.2 2.4 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.5 1.3 0.3 0.52015 0.8 0.4 1.1 0.3 3.0 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.9 0.2 3.2 0.3 0.2 0.8 1.9 2.4 0.4 0.62016 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.52017 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.3 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.42018 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.3 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.2 1.1 1.5 0.8 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.52019 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 1.6 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.4 1.3 1.0 0.2 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.52020 0.8 0.4 1.1 0.3 2.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.4 1.1 0.2 1.6 -0.4 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.5

2021 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.3 2.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.4 1.3 1.0 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.8 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.5

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

151


71. Capital transfers received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.6 0.2

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3 0.8 0.3

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 0.7 0.31992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 0.9 0.21993 : : : : : : : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.2 0.9 0.31994 : : : : : : : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.2 0.9 0.31995 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 : : : : : 0.2 0.8 0.31996 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 3.5 0.0 0.2 0.5 : : : : : 0.2 0.7 0.31997 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 : : : : : 0.2 0.7 0.31998 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 : : : : : 0.2 0.7 0.41999 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 : : : : : 0.2 0.6 0.42000 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 : : : : : 0.2 0.6 0.3

2001 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 : : : : : 0.3 0.5 0.42002 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 : : : : : 0.3 0.5 0.32003 0.2 3.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.7 : : : : : 0.3 0.6 0.22004 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.6 : : : : : 0.3 1.6 0.22005 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 : : : : : 0.8 1.2 0.22006 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5 : : : : : 0.4 1.0 0.22007 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.5 : : : : : 0.4 0.6 0.22008 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.4 : : : : : 1.7 0.6 0.22009 1.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.6 : : : : 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.22010 1.4 1.5 0.2 0.3 1.9 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.5 : : : : 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.1

2011 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.3 2.2 1.7 1.5 0.1 0.6 : : : : 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.12012 1.7 1.0 0.1 0.8 2.1 1.3 1.7 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.12013 2.2 1.0 -0.5 0.3 2.6 1.0 1.5 0.4 0.6 : : : : 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.22014 2.6 1.2 -0.6 0.3 2.9 1.2 2.2 0.2 0.6 : : : : 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.12015 4.0 2.0 -0.5 0.5 3.9 1.1 2.8 0.3 0.6 : : : : 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.12016 0.6 0.6 -0.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.3 0.2 0.5 : : : : 0.2 0.4 1.5 0.12017 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.4 0.2 0.4 : : : : 0.1 0.4 1.1 1.42018 0.8 0.9 0.0 0.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.5 : : : : 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.12019 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.9 1.8 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.5 : : : : 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.12020 0.9 0.9 0.0 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.6 : : : : 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.1

2021 1.0 0.9 0.0 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.5 0.2 0.6 : : : : 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.1

1) SNA 2008

152


72. Total revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 43.5 :

1980 : : : : : : 46.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 43.8 :

1985 : : : : : : 49.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 49.6 :

1990 : 47.7 53.2

1991 : 43.3 : : : : 48.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.8 : 1992 : 44.7 : : : : 48.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.5 : 1993 : 45.1 : : : : 48.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.1 : 1994 : 45.8 : : : : 49.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.1 : 1995 48.1 45.7 40.8 38.7 36.3 37.3 49.7 44.4 30.2 34.3 33.0 42.9 35.7 45.0 49.7 37.4 45.0 44.9 55.1 45.61996 49.0 45.8 38.6 38.7 36.9 37.0 51.0 44.9 29.9 35.1 33.3 42.3 33.9 45.1 51.1 38.4 44.1 43.5 56.3 46.01997 49.5 45.6 38.9 37.8 37.6 37.6 50.9 46.5 29.4 36.6 38.5 43.7 34.6 43.9 49.7 38.8 43.1 42.4 54.9 46.11998 49.9 45.6 38.4 36.6 38.9 38.3 50.5 45.2 30.4 38.1 38.1 44.7 32.3 43.0 49.5 38.3 43.9 40.6 54.0 45.71999 49.8 46.5 36.8 36.4 40.4 38.7 51.0 45.4 30.1 37.2 38.0 42.6 35.1 43.7 49.5 39.5 44.0 40.8 52.6 46.22000 49.3 46.2 36.3 35.7 42.4 37.9 50.3 44.1 32.2 34.5 36.2 43.4 34.7 43.3 48.6 39.4 43.9 40.1 54.8 45.6

2001 49.6 44.4 35.1 33.5 40.5 38.0 50.3 44.1 33.2 32.8 33.6 44.0 35.6 42.4 50.7 39.3 44.3 38.1 52.3 44.92002 49.9 44.0 36.3 32.7 39.8 38.3 49.6 43.8 32.9 32.8 33.3 43.7 36.0 41.5 49.7 40.4 44.9 37.2 52.5 44.52003 49.2 44.6 36.8 33.4 38.8 38.0 49.3 44.0 34.6 32.3 32.3 43.7 36.2 41.4 49.5 39.7 44.6 37.3 51.8 44.52004 49.1 43.5 36.5 34.5 38.8 38.7 49.4 43.4 34.9 34.1 32.6 42.7 37.9 41.6 48.9 40.0 44.7 35.6 51.3 44.12005 49.1 43.5 34.9 34.9 39.4 39.7 49.9 43.2 37.1 34.5 33.7 43.6 39.6 41.8 48.6 40.6 45.1 36.9 51.7 44.42006 49.0 43.6 36.3 36.6 39.2 40.6 50.4 44.2 37.7 36.2 34.0 41.8 39.8 43.1 47.8 41.1 44.3 35.2 52.0 44.82007 48.6 43.7 36.5 36.2 40.4 41.1 49.9 45.4 40.8 34.2 34.4 42.3 39.0 42.2 47.9 41.6 43.4 34.3 51.7 44.92008 49.7 44.1 36.8 34.8 40.7 36.9 50.0 45.3 39.3 34.2 35.0 43.4 38.5 43.3 48.4 41.6 43.7 34.5 52.1 44.72009 49.2 45.0 43.4 33.2 38.9 35.0 50.0 46.0 36.7 35.7 35.8 44.9 38.6 42.5 48.8 40.4 43.5 36.3 51.6 44.72010 49.8 43.8 40.1 33.0 41.3 36.5 50.0 45.7 37.1 37.5 35.6 43.8 38.7 42.6 48.4 40.5 44.6 34.7 51.4 44.6

2011 51.0 44.4 38.2 33.8 43.9 36.4 51.1 45.6 36.5 36.8 33.7 43.2 38.8 42.4 48.3 42.4 44.2 37.0 52.6 45.22012 52.2 44.9 38.7 34.0 46.9 37.9 52.1 47.6 36.4 37.4 33.1 44.6 39.2 42.8 49.0 42.7 45.4 36.6 53.3 46.32013 53.0 45.0 38.4 34.2 49.2 38.8 53.1 48.1 37.4 37.2 32.9 44.4 39.5 43.6 49.7 44.8 45.7 39.4 54.3 46.92014 52.5 44.9 38.2 33.9 46.7 39.2 53.3 47.9 40.6 37.1 34.1 43.6 39.3 43.6 49.7 44.4 45.3 40.2 54.3 46.82015 51.3 45.0 39.4 27.0 47.9 38.7 53.2 47.8 39.7 37.3 34.8 43.2 38.6 42.6 50.1 43.8 45.9 43.1 54.1 46.42016 50.7 45.5 39.0 27.1 49.5 38.1 53.0 46.7 37.7 37.8 34.4 42.8 37.5 43.6 48.6 42.9 44.3 40.2 53.9 46.22017 51.2 45.7 38.6 25.8 48.2 38.2 53.5 46.3 38.8 38.2 33.6 43.5 39.3 43.7 48.4 42.4 44.0 40.5 53.1 46.22018 51.4 46.4 38.5 25.4 47.9 39.2 53.4 46.3 39.8 38.7 34.6 45.4 38.6 43.6 48.8 42.9 44.3 40.7 52.5 46.52019 50.3 46.8 38.7 25.2 47.7 39.1 52.6 47.1 41.2 38.7 35.2 44.8 38.2 43.6 49.0 42.9 44.2 41.5 52.2 46.52020 50.7 47.2 38.7 24.0 48.8 39.6 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.8 34.8 45.4 39.8 41.4 50.2 42.7 44.8 41.3 52.4 46.7

2021 49.9 46.8 39.0 23.7 46.9 38.9 53.1 46.5 44.2 37.0 34.6 46.3 38.9 42.2 49.1 42.7 44.0 40.9 53.4 46.3

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

153


72. Total revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.8

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.6

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 30.5 31.3

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 34.0 32.8 32.4

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 33.7 32.4 32.51992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 33.1 32.4 32.21993 : : : : : : : 59.3 : : : : : : 31.8 31.1 32.51994 : : : : : : : 58.9 : : : : : : 32.3 : 32.91995 26.3 40.5 54.9 62.1 46.6 43.7 32.3 56.5 46.0 : : : : : 33.2 : 33.21996 28.6 38.8 55.5 60.9 46.7 46.6 29.6 58.3 46.5 : : : : : 33.0 : 33.61997 31.1 38.8 54.7 55.9 44.1 42.5 30.2 57.6 46.5 : : : : : 33.6 : 33.91998 35.0 37.9 55.0 60.5 43.4 41.0 32.4 57.7 46.1 : : : : : 35.1 : 34.21999 41.5 38.2 55.4 59.6 43.7 41.1 34.8 57.0 46.6 : : : : : 35.8 : 34.22000 40.3 37.4 54.6 56.2 44.3 39.1 33.9 56.5 46.0 : : : : : 36.7 : 34.6

2001 41.7 37.7 54.0 55.8 43.3 40.3 32.9 54.2 45.2 : : : : : 36.6 : 33.82002 37.9 38.5 53.2 47.4 42.2 40.6 33.0 52.5 44.7 : : : : : 35.6 : 31.42003 38.2 42.5 53.5 45.5 41.9 39.7 32.9 52.9 44.7 : : : : : 35.6 : 30.82004 39.6 40.2 55.1 43.9 42.2 38.5 32.7 53.0 44.4 : : : : : 36.9 : 31.12005 37.8 39.3 56.2 43.3 41.6 40.3 32.7 54.4 44.7 : : : : : 38.1 31.1 32.52006 35.5 39.2 54.8 43.4 42.1 40.9 33.5 53.6 45.0 : : : : : 37.9 32.0 33.32007 38.8 39.7 54.6 43.3 44.8 41.0 34.7 53.0 45.1 : : : : : 38.2 32.2 33.42008 38.7 38.7 53.6 43.0 45.0 40.4 32.3 52.2 44.7 : : : : : 39.2 32.0 32.52009 35.2 38.7 53.7 42.8 45.9 37.6 30.3 51.7 44.6 : : : : 31.8 37.1 30.9 30.12010 33.2 39.3 54.0 42.1 44.7 38.4 33.1 50.4 44.5 : : : : 32.9 38.1 30.6 30.7

2011 31.9 40.3 54.4 41.1 44.1 39.0 34.1 49.6 45.1 : : : : 32.8 38.3 31.6 31.12012 34.1 40.5 54.5 43.0 47.0 39.1 33.7 50.0 46.1 : : : : 33.3 37.4 32.3 31.02013 37.5 41.4 54.6 42.9 47.6 38.4 33.3 50.4 46.6 : : : : 33.0 38.3 33.1 33.22014 37.9 40.3 56.4 43.4 47.4 38.7 34.1 49.3 46.6 : : : : 32.3 37.5 34.8 33.22015 38.7 41.1 53.2 45.3 48.6 39.1 35.5 49.5 46.2 : : : : 32.6 37.7 35.8 33.32016 35.1 40.7 52.4 46.5 45.4 38.7 31.9 50.7 46.0 : : : : 33.0 38.2 35.8 32.92017 36.0 41.0 52.8 46.1 44.5 39.8 30.8 50.7 46.0 : : : : 31.4 38.7 35.7 33.72018 38.5 42.2 51.4 46.5 44.5 41.3 31.9 50.6 46.2 27.2 : : : 32.3 38.7 36.5 31.22019 38.4 42.1 53.3 47.5 44.0 41.3 31.7 49.8 46.2 27.3 41.3 29.6 : 32.8 38.9 36.8 31.02020 39.3 41.9 52.0 46.3 45.1 40.8 32.3 49.5 46.4 26.2 40.2 26.9 : 30.4 38.0 37.8 31.4

2021 38.3 41.7 51.2 47.4 43.6 40.3 32.2 49.8 46.0 26.1 40.6 28.6 : 29.6 36.7 37.4 30.4

1) SNA 2008

154


73. Gross fixed capital formation; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.6 :

1980 : : : : : : 4.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 :

1985 : : : : : : 4.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 :

1990 : 4.6 4.5

1991 : 3.1 : : : : 4.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.7 : 1992 : 3.3 : : : : 4.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.8 : 1993 : 3.1 : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.0 : 1994 : 2.9 : : : : 4.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 : 1995 2.2 2.6 5.4 2.3 3.9 4.4 4.2 2.6 4.4 2.1 3.2 3.7 3.0 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.1 3.3 3.7 3.31996 2.1 2.5 4.9 2.5 4.1 3.7 4.1 2.7 5.1 2.5 2.4 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.9 4.0 4.7 4.0 3.21997 2.1 2.3 4.6 2.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 2.7 4.9 1.6 2.3 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.0 5.6 3.7 6.2 4.4 3.11998 2.1 2.3 5.3 2.7 5.1 3.9 3.7 2.8 2.8 1.6 2.5 4.8 4.6 3.5 2.9 5.1 3.7 4.8 4.1 3.11999 2.4 2.4 4.7 3.1 5.4 3.9 3.8 2.9 3.1 1.8 2.6 4.6 4.5 3.8 2.8 4.9 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.22000 2.4 2.3 4.4 3.5 5.1 3.7 3.9 2.8 3.3 1.8 2.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 2.7 4.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.1

2001 2.1 2.3 4.6 4.2 5.9 3.8 3.9 3.0 3.2 1.5 2.3 4.6 3.5 3.9 2.4 5.0 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.22002 2.1 2.2 5.9 4.2 4.9 4.1 3.8 2.5 3.6 1.6 3.0 5.1 4.1 4.2 2.6 4.6 3.7 4.1 3.7 3.12003 2.1 2.1 5.2 3.7 5.9 4.2 3.9 3.1 4.0 2.9 3.1 5.2 4.5 4.2 2.5 4.4 3.8 3.2 3.9 3.22004 2.0 1.9 4.4 3.5 5.7 4.0 4.0 3.2 4.2 3.6 3.6 5.2 3.8 3.9 2.4 4.4 4.0 2.9 3.9 3.22005 2.1 1.9 4.6 3.5 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.6 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.9 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.22006 1.9 2.0 5.4 3.8 5.7 4.4 3.9 3.2 3.4 4.9 4.3 3.7 4.0 3.9 2.9 3.4 4.3 3.8 3.3 3.32007 2.0 2.0 6.0 4.7 4.9 4.7 3.9 3.2 3.1 5.9 5.4 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.0 3.2 4.6 3.2 3.5 3.32008 2.0 2.1 6.2 5.3 5.6 4.7 3.9 3.2 3.2 5.3 5.4 3.9 2.5 4.0 3.2 3.7 4.7 3.4 3.6 3.42009 2.3 2.4 6.0 3.8 5.7 5.2 4.3 3.7 4.2 4.9 4.4 4.5 2.4 4.3 3.4 4.1 5.1 3.9 3.9 3.72010 2.2 2.4 4.8 3.4 3.7 4.7 4.2 3.1 4.2 4.6 5.0 4.9 2.2 4.2 3.2 5.3 5.0 3.6 3.6 3.5

2011 2.4 2.3 5.0 2.5 2.5 3.8 4.0 2.9 4.0 5.0 4.7 4.3 2.8 4.1 3.0 3.5 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.22012 2.5 2.2 6.3 2.0 2.5 2.6 4.0 2.6 2.9 5.1 4.0 4.1 3.3 3.8 2.9 2.5 4.0 3.2 4.0 2.92013 2.3 2.2 5.5 2.0 3.4 2.3 4.0 2.5 2.3 4.5 3.8 3.7 2.9 3.7 3.0 2.2 4.3 3.3 4.2 2.92014 2.6 2.1 5.0 2.2 3.7 2.2 3.7 2.3 2.1 4.6 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.0 5.1 4.1 4.2 2.72015 2.5 2.1 5.2 1.8 3.8 2.5 3.4 2.4 2.2 4.8 3.7 4.0 4.2 3.6 3.0 2.3 4.8 6.4 3.7 2.72016 2.4 2.2 4.7 1.9 3.5 2.0 3.4 2.3 2.5 3.5 3.0 3.9 2.5 3.5 3.0 1.5 3.1 3.4 4.1 2.62017 2.4 2.3 5.7 1.8 4.4 2.0 3.3 2.2 2.7 4.6 3.2 4.2 2.5 3.4 3.1 1.8 3.0 3.4 4.1 2.62018 2.6 2.4 5.3 2.0 3.0 2.1 3.4 2.1 5.7 5.5 3.2 4.0 3.1 3.3 3.0 1.9 3.5 3.7 4.2 2.72019 2.6 2.5 4.9 2.3 2.2 2.0 3.6 2.3 1.7 4.9 3.1 4.3 3.8 3.4 3.0 1.9 3.8 3.6 4.2 2.82020 2.4 2.8 5.6 2.7 2.1 2.3 4.0 2.6 1.7 5.2 3.5 5.1 4.7 3.6 3.2 2.3 4.1 3.7 4.8 3.1

2021 2.3 2.8 5.5 2.6 3.6 2.2 3.7 2.6 1.9 4.9 3.6 4.6 4.4 3.7 3.2 2.3 4.1 3.6 4.6 3.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

155


73. Gross fixed capital formation; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.7

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 4.7

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.7 4.7 4.6

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.6 4.7 4.51992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.5 5.3 4.31993 : : : : : : : 5.3 : : : : : : 2.4 6.0 4.01994 : : : : : : : 5.6 : : : : : : 2.4 6.5 3.81995 0.7 5.6 2.9 6.4 0.6 2.7 4.2 5.1 3.3 : : : : : 2.2 6.3 3.81996 0.5 4.7 3.1 6.0 1.9 3.0 3.9 4.9 3.3 : : : : : 1.8 6.6 3.71997 1.3 4.4 2.9 5.5 2.9 3.4 2.7 4.3 3.1 : : : : : 1.6 6.0 3.61998 3.5 4.4 2.7 5.7 3.5 3.4 1.8 4.3 3.1 : : : : : 1.7 5.8 3.61999 4.1 3.8 2.7 5.9 3.4 3.0 1.6 4.4 3.2 : : : : : 1.7 6.2 3.62000 3.9 4.6 2.8 5.4 3.6 1.9 3.5 3.9 3.2 : : : : : 1.7 5.5 3.6

2001 3.9 4.2 3.0 4.6 3.9 2.8 2.7 4.1 3.2 : : : : : 1.9 5.4 3.72002 3.4 4.1 2.7 5.6 5.1 2.8 3.2 4.3 3.2 : : : : : 2.0 5.2 3.82003 3.2 7.7 2.6 7.4 3.8 2.8 3.6 4.2 3.3 : : : : : 2.1 4.7 3.82004 3.4 5.0 2.8 6.6 3.8 2.9 2.8 4.1 3.2 : : : : : 2.4 4.2 3.82005 3.7 5.2 2.7 5.7 4.2 3.3 2.9 4.1 3.3 : : : : : 3.0 4.0 3.72006 4.2 5.2 2.9 5.7 5.1 3.9 5.3 4.1 3.4 : : : : : 2.5 3.8 3.82007 5.2 4.8 3.0 6.2 4.2 4.4 6.2 4.1 3.4 : : : : : 2.5 3.6 3.92008 5.6 5.3 3.0 6.2 3.2 4.7 6.5 4.3 3.5 : : : : : 2.9 3.5 4.02009 4.9 6.0 3.1 6.0 3.4 5.0 5.8 4.5 3.8 : : : : 3.8 3.3 3.9 4.22010 4.6 5.1 3.3 3.9 3.7 5.6 5.7 4.5 3.6 : : : : 3.5 3.2 3.7 4.0

2011 3.4 4.5 3.3 3.7 3.3 5.9 5.5 4.4 3.4 : : : : 3.1 2.9 3.6 3.92012 3.4 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.7 4.8 4.5 3.1 : : : : 3.1 2.7 3.6 3.62013 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.4 3.0 : : : : 3.6 2.6 3.9 3.42014 5.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 5.3 4.7 4.3 4.4 3.0 : : : : 3.2 2.7 3.9 3.22015 6.6 5.1 3.6 3.4 6.6 4.5 5.2 4.2 3.0 : : : : 3.3 2.7 3.7 3.22016 2.7 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.6 4.4 2.8 : : : : 3.6 2.6 3.7 3.22017 2.3 3.4 3.4 2.8 4.5 3.8 2.6 4.6 2.8 : : : : 4.0 2.7 3.7 3.22018 3.1 4.2 3.4 3.5 5.9 4.7 2.7 4.9 2.9 : : : : 4.6 2.7 3.8 3.22019 3.2 4.4 3.3 4.3 6.0 4.3 3.4 4.9 3.0 : : 2.3 : 4.4 2.8 3.9 3.42020 3.7 4.6 3.6 4.3 5.8 4.3 3.3 5.2 3.3 : : 1.0 : 4.4 3.0 4.2 3.9

2021 3.7 4.6 3.3 4.2 5.7 4.2 4.0 5.1 3.2 : : 1.0 : 4.4 3.0 4.3 3.6

1) SNA 2008

156


74. Other capital expenditure, including capital transfers; general government ESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.4 :

1980 : : : : : : 1.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 0.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.5 :

1990 : 1.3 0.5

1991 : 2.2 : : : : 1.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.7 : 1992 : 1.7 : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.6 : 1993 : 1.5 : : : : 1.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.7 : 1994 : 1.3 : : : : 1.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.9 : 1995 1.2 7.8 0.2 1.5 0.9 2.0 1.6 2.3 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.7 5.3 1.8 0.8 8.5 5.4 2.9 4.11996 1.2 1.3 0.4 1.1 0.5 1.6 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.9 2.6 0.9 1.0 0.2 1.9 0.8 1.2 6.5 1.5 1.31997 1.5 1.3 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.8 12.8 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.9 0.3 1.21998 1.4 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.7 2.2 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.6 1.9 1.4 2.0 2.3 0.3 1.31999 1.3 1.4 0.5 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.5 0.8 2.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.4 1.6 1.0 1.9 5.6 0.7 1.32000 1.3 1.6 0.4 1.0 2.6 1.4 0.9 1.4 0.6 2.3 2.1 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.5 1.6 10.0 0.4 1.3

2001 1.1 1.7 0.3 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.6 2.2 1.8 -0.7 0.7 0.9 1.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.4 1.32002 0.9 1.6 0.4 0.8 2.3 1.4 1.0 1.6 0.6 2.2 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.7 1.5 0.4 1.1 3.6 0.4 1.32003 1.5 1.7 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.1 3.6 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.4 1.0 0.2 1.32004 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.9 2.3 1.8 1.0 1.3 0.3 1.0 0.5 1.4 0.1 0.4 5.0 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.3 1.42005 3.6 1.6 0.2 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.6 0.9 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.6 0.3 1.32006 1.1 1.4 0.1 0.7 -0.6 1.3 1.1 2.4 0.8 1.5 0.3 1.6 0.6 0.2 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.2 1.32007 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.1 0.2 1.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.2 1.12008 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.0 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.4 1.3 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.3 1.32009 1.6 1.4 1.4 3.5 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.5 1.4 0.6 1.2 2.2 0.8 0.8 1.9 0.4 1.42010 1.6 2.5 -0.4 22.0 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.6 2.1 0.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.9 0.6 0.9 0.4 1.9

2011 2.3 1.2 -0.5 4.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.8 4.2 1.1 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.9 1.7 0.8 0.4 1.22012 2.7 1.1 0.8 0.9 4.5 4.5 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.1 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.62013 2.1 1.1 0.6 0.6 13.5 1.2 1.3 1.0 2.4 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.0 11.3 0.6 0.3 1.42014 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 10.1 0.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.4 2.4 4.1 2.4 0.5 0.3 1.22015 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.3 4.4 0.8 1.3 1.7 1.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 1.3 0.4 1.3 2.0 1.2 0.8 0.3 1.22016 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.92017 0.8 1.3 0.5 0.5 -0.8 0.6 1.7 1.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.9 2.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 1.22018 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 4.4 0.5 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.1 1.02019 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.6 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.92020 0.9 1.3 1.8 0.6 1.7 0.8 1.3 2.4 0.5 0.6 0.2 1.0 1.1 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.1 1.2

2021 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.6 1.1 1.3 0.5 0.0 0.2 1.0 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.1 1.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

157


74. Other capital expenditure, including capital transfers; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 0.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.7 1.7 0.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.2 1.8 0.21992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.1 2.0 0.11993 : : : : : : : 2.4 : : : : : : 1.1 2.2 0.11994 : : : : : : : 0.9 : : : : : : 1.0 2.3 0.11995 0.1 13.4 0.5 1.5 6.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 3.9 : : : : : 1.1 2.3 0.01996 0.0 3.4 0.3 1.5 3.2 4.7 0.6 0.1 1.3 : : : : : 0.9 2.4 0.01997 0.3 3.6 0.3 1.5 3.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.2 : : : : : 0.7 1.9 0.01998 0.8 4.5 0.4 1.7 4.6 0.8 1.0 -0.5 1.3 : : : : : 0.6 6.9 0.01999 0.4 3.2 0.3 1.8 2.4 0.3 1.5 0.3 1.3 : : : : : 0.6 2.0 0.12000 0.4 2.3 0.3 1.7 2.7 0.4 1.0 0.1 1.2 : : : : : 0.6 2.9 0.1

2001 0.3 4.9 -0.2 1.7 2.8 0.5 1.4 0.1 1.3 : : : : : 0.8 1.9 0.12002 0.9 5.1 0.1 2.5 4.0 0.5 1.4 0.2 1.3 : : : : : 0.8 1.7 0.12003 0.5 5.0 0.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 1.4 0.2 1.3 : : : : : 0.9 1.8 0.22004 0.4 2.4 0.1 2.5 1.5 0.4 2.5 0.1 1.3 : : : : : 0.7 1.3 0.32005 0.4 2.5 -0.1 1.8 1.4 0.9 1.5 0.3 1.3 : : : : : 0.9 1.4 0.42006 -0.1 1.8 -0.1 1.5 1.9 0.8 1.7 0.1 1.2 : : : : : 0.8 1.1 0.12007 2.9 1.5 0.0 1.3 2.0 0.4 1.5 0.1 1.0 : : : : : 0.8 1.0 0.22008 0.1 1.3 0.6 1.5 1.4 0.6 1.0 0.1 1.2 : : : : : 2.7 1.1 0.62009 0.2 0.9 0.3 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.1 1.3 : : : : 0.9 1.8 1.9 1.02010 0.3 0.9 0.4 2.5 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.1 1.7 : : : : 1.3 1.2 1.2 0.5

2011 0.3 1.1 0.8 2.9 2.6 0.6 2.5 0.3 1.2 : : : : 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.42012 0.6 2.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.4 1.6 0.2 1.5 : : : : 1.2 1.4 1.4 0.32013 0.5 0.9 0.2 1.3 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.2 1.3 : : : : 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.12014 3.8 1.3 0.5 1.7 2.0 0.4 1.3 0.2 1.1 : : : : 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.12015 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.5 2.8 0.4 1.2 0.4 1.1 : : : : 0.6 1.1 1.1 -0.12016 1.4 0.7 0.2 1.9 2.4 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.9 : : : : 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.12017 1.1 0.7 0.1 1.3 2.2 0.8 0.9 0.1 1.1 : : : : 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.22018 1.0 0.7 0.4 1.9 2.0 0.4 1.3 0.2 1.0 : : : : 0.2 1.3 1.0 0.12019 1.2 0.7 0.1 2.0 2.1 0.5 1.1 0.3 0.9 : : -4.3 : 0.2 1.2 1.0 0.12020 1.1 0.8 0.1 1.6 2.3 3.9 1.0 0.3 1.3 : : -3.8 : 0.2 1.3 1.0 3.4

2021 1.1 0.7 0.1 1.6 2.0 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.9 : : -5.3 : 0.2 1.3 1.0 0.1

1) SNA 2008

158


75. Total expenditure; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 38.6 :

1980 : : : : : : 46.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 40.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 52.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 46.3 :

1990 : 50.1 47.9

1991 : 46.5 : : : : 51.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.7 : 1992 : 47.3 : : : : 52.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 61.8 : 1993 : 48.2 : : : : 55.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 64.2 : 1994 : 48.3 : : : : 54.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 62.6 : 1995 52.6 55.1 39.7 40.8 46.0 44.1 54.8 51.6 30.9 35.7 34.6 40.3 39.1 53.7 55.8 42.6 53.1 48.4 61.1 52.91996 53.1 49.4 39.0 39.0 45.1 42.8 54.9 51.5 32.9 35.5 36.6 40.0 41.6 47.0 55.6 43.1 45.1 53.3 59.5 50.41997 51.6 48.6 36.8 36.5 43.7 41.5 54.5 49.5 34.2 35.2 50.3 41.2 41.7 45.5 52.3 42.5 45.4 48.7 56.1 49.11998 51.0 48.1 39.1 34.6 45.1 40.9 52.9 48.2 34.2 38.1 41.2 41.8 41.5 44.3 52.2 42.7 46.2 45.9 52.3 48.21999 50.5 48.2 40.1 32.9 46.2 39.9 52.6 47.2 34.1 40.9 40.8 39.6 41.8 43.4 52.1 42.6 47.0 48.0 51.0 47.72000 49.4 47.8 36.3 30.9 46.4 39.1 51.7 46.5 34.4 37.2 39.4 37.9 40.2 42.2 51.0 42.7 47.5 52.8 47.9 46.9

2001 49.4 47.4 34.9 32.5 46.0 38.4 51.7 47.3 35.3 34.8 37.1 38.3 41.7 42.9 51.4 44.1 48.7 45.3 47.3 46.92002 49.9 47.9 35.9 33.2 45.8 38.6 52.8 46.7 37.0 35.1 35.1 41.7 41.4 43.6 51.1 43.7 47.3 45.4 48.5 47.22003 51.0 48.3 35.0 33.0 46.6 38.4 53.3 47.2 40.5 33.9 33.6 43.4 45.2 44.5 51.3 45.4 47.2 40.4 49.3 47.62004 49.3 46.8 34.1 33.2 47.6 38.8 53.0 46.9 38.5 35.2 34.0 44.1 42.2 43.5 53.7 46.2 46.6 37.9 49.1 47.02005 51.9 46.8 33.7 33.4 45.6 38.5 53.3 47.2 39.3 35.0 34.1 43.9 42.2 42.2 51.2 46.8 46.4 39.7 49.0 47.02006 48.8 45.2 33.5 33.9 45.1 38.4 52.9 47.8 38.7 36.7 34.3 39.8 42.3 43.0 50.4 45.2 45.5 38.8 48.1 46.32007 48.6 43.4 33.7 35.9 47.1 39.3 52.6 46.8 37.6 34.7 35.3 37.9 41.1 42.3 49.2 44.5 43.4 36.4 46.6 45.62008 50.8 44.2 39.4 41.8 50.8 41.4 53.3 47.8 38.4 38.5 38.1 39.9 42.6 43.1 49.9 45.3 45.1 37.0 47.9 46.82009 54.7 48.2 45.6 47.0 54.1 46.2 57.2 51.1 42.1 45.3 44.9 45.1 41.9 47.6 54.1 50.2 49.4 44.4 54.1 50.92010 53.9 48.1 40.0 65.1 52.5 46.0 56.9 49.9 41.8 46.1 42.5 44.2 41.1 47.9 52.8 51.9 50.2 42.2 53.9 50.9

2011 55.3 45.2 37.1 46.7 54.1 46.2 56.3 49.2 42.2 41.1 42.6 42.6 41.2 46.8 50.9 50.0 50.9 41.4 53.7 49.42012 56.5 44.9 39.0 42.1 55.8 48.7 57.1 50.6 42.0 38.8 36.2 44.1 42.7 46.8 51.2 48.9 49.4 41.0 55.4 50.02013 56.1 44.9 38.2 40.4 62.4 45.8 57.2 51.0 43.2 38.4 35.5 43.6 41.9 46.5 51.6 49.9 60.3 42.3 56.8 49.92014 55.6 44.3 37.5 37.5 50.3 45.1 57.2 50.9 49.4 38.7 34.7 42.2 41.1 45.7 52.4 51.7 50.8 43.3 57.3 49.32015 53.7 44.0 39.2 29.0 53.6 43.9 56.8 50.3 40.6 38.7 35.1 41.9 39.7 44.6 51.1 48.2 48.7 45.8 56.5 48.42016 53.1 44.3 39.5 27.8 49.0 42.4 56.7 49.1 37.4 37.6 34.2 40.9 36.6 43.6 50.1 44.8 46.3 42.7 55.7 47.72017 51.9 44.4 39.3 26.1 47.4 41.2 56.5 48.8 36.8 39.0 33.2 42.1 35.9 42.4 49.2 45.4 44.1 41.5 53.8 47.22018 52.2 44.6 39.1 25.3 46.9 41.7 55.7 48.5 43.4 39.5 34.0 42.3 36.7 42.2 48.7 43.4 43.6 41.8 53.4 47.02019 52.2 45.4 39.0 24.8 46.3 41.9 55.6 48.7 39.5 38.9 34.9 42.6 37.7 41.9 48.2 42.7 43.7 42.8 53.3 47.12020 59.6 54.2 47.0 29.6 55.2 49.7 62.7 59.1 49.9 45.1 41.8 50.2 46.5 47.7 56.4 49.3 51.9 49.8 59.8 55.2

2021 54.2 48.3 42.4 26.6 49.0 45.6 57.1 52.2 45.9 41.5 37.4 46.2 41.5 45.6 50.9 44.5 46.0 45.1 56.8 49.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

159


75. Total expenditure; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 34.2

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 36.9

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 35.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.8 37.3

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 35.6 30.8 37.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 36.5 30.7 38.61992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 38.7 31.8 39.41993 : : : : : : : 70.0 : : : : : : 38.6 33.6 38.81994 : : : : : : : 67.6 : : : : : : 38.3 : 37.81995 31.8 52.9 58.5 62.4 55.2 47.9 34.3 63.5 53.2 : : : : : 38.4 : 37.81996 36.8 41.8 58.0 60.1 51.1 51.1 33.2 61.4 50.8 : : : : : 36.8 : 37.11997 30.4 42.0 55.9 55.6 49.6 47.1 34.6 59.1 49.5 : : : : : 35.7 : 36.01998 33.9 42.1 55.4 58.4 50.8 45.1 35.6 56.8 48.5 : : : : : 35.4 : 35.11999 41.4 41.4 54.5 60.8 49.0 43.4 39.3 56.4 48.0 : : : : : 35.1 : 34.72000 40.8 41.0 52.7 58.6 47.3 42.1 38.5 53.3 47.1 : : : : : 35.3 : 34.3

2001 40.6 43.2 52.8 57.4 47.3 45.0 36.3 52.8 47.1 : : : : : 36.3 : 35.62002 39.1 44.8 53.2 50.7 51.0 45.4 34.9 53.9 47.4 : : : : : 37.5 : 36.72003 38.6 49.3 53.6 50.0 49.1 45.8 34.3 54.1 47.8 : : : : : 38.8 : 37.32004 37.8 42.6 53.0 48.8 48.8 43.6 33.8 52.7 47.1 : : : : : 40.0 : 36.92005 36.7 42.3 51.2 46.9 49.4 44.2 33.5 52.6 47.0 : : : : : 41.2 35.5 37.02006 33.7 41.4 49.8 46.5 51.4 44.4 35.6 51.3 46.4 : : : : : 40.7 35.0 36.72007 37.7 40.4 49.6 45.6 49.9 42.9 37.5 49.6 45.6 : : : : : 40.9 35.0 37.42008 37.1 40.6 50.4 45.8 48.8 44.0 37.6 50.2 46.7 : : : : : 44.3 36.1 39.82009 39.3 44.2 56.5 48.9 50.7 44.8 39.4 52.4 50.6 : : : : 38.0 47.2 40.7 43.32010 36.4 43.5 56.7 48.5 49.2 45.8 40.0 50.4 50.5 : : : : 35.5 47.4 39.7 43.2

2011 33.9 43.0 56.4 49.0 49.4 43.9 39.5 49.8 49.1 : : : : 33.6 45.8 40.6 42.02012 34.4 44.5 58.0 48.3 49.4 42.9 37.3 51.0 49.7 : : : : 33.5 45.6 40.6 40.22013 37.9 42.6 55.8 48.3 50.2 42.6 35.4 51.8 49.5 : : : : 32.8 43.9 40.8 39.02014 43.3 42.4 55.2 48.7 50.2 42.4 35.3 50.9 49.0 : : : : 32.1 43.1 40.2 38.32015 40.4 41.7 54.5 48.6 50.6 41.7 36.1 49.5 48.1 : : : : 31.9 42.3 39.3 37.92016 35.0 40.0 52.2 47.4 47.2 41.1 34.5 49.7 47.3 : : : : 34.1 41.5 39.3 38.32017 34.9 39.5 51.0 45.3 47.0 41.2 33.5 49.3 46.8 : : : : 34.1 41.2 38.6 38.02018 36.6 41.2 50.7 46.3 46.7 41.5 34.8 49.8 46.6 : : : : 35.1 40.9 38.8 37.82019 36.3 41.9 49.6 47.1 46.1 42.0 36.0 49.3 46.7 : 43.4 31.7 : 35.8 41.0 39.1 2020 42.0 48.5 59.2 53.4 50.3 50.3 41.5 55.1 54.7 : 47.9 33.7 : 38.2 48.5 42.8

2021 40.2 45.7 53.5 49.6 47.7 44.1 43.5 52.0 49.6 : 42.1 32.0 : 38.7 43.3 42.7

1) SNA 2008

160


76. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-); general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : 0.0 : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : -2.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 5.0 :

1980 : : : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.7 :

1985 : : : : : : -3.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 :

1990 : -2.4 5.3

1991 : -3.2 : : : : -2.9 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.9 : 1992 : -2.6 : : : : -4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : -5.3 : 1993 : -3.1 : : : : -6.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -8.1 : 1994 : -2.5 : : : : -5.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -6.5 : 1995 -4.5 -9.4 1.0 -2.1 -9.7 -6.8 -5.1 -7.2 -0.7 -1.4 -1.5 2.6 -3.5 -8.7 -6.1 -5.2 -8.1 -3.5 -5.9 -7.31996 -4.0 -3.6 -0.3 -0.2 -8.2 -5.9 -3.9 -6.6 -3.0 -0.4 -3.2 2.2 -7.7 -1.8 -4.5 -4.7 -1.1 -9.8 -3.2 -4.41997 -2.2 -2.9 2.1 1.3 -6.1 -3.9 -3.7 -3.0 -4.8 1.4 -11.8 2.5 -7.1 -1.6 -2.6 -3.7 -2.3 -6.3 -1.2 -3.11998 -1.0 -2.6 -0.8 2.0 -6.3 -2.6 -2.4 -3.0 -3.8 0.0 -3.0 2.8 -9.3 -1.4 -2.7 -4.4 -2.3 -5.3 1.6 -2.41999 -0.6 -1.7 -3.3 3.5 -5.8 -1.2 -1.6 -1.8 -4.0 -3.7 -2.8 3.1 -6.7 0.3 -2.6 -3.0 -3.0 -7.2 1.7 -1.52000 -0.1 -1.6 -0.1 4.8 -4.1 -1.2 -1.3 -2.4 -2.2 -2.7 -3.2 5.5 -5.5 1.2 -2.4 -3.2 -3.6 -12.6 6.9 -1.3

2001 0.2 -3.0 0.2 0.9 -5.5 -0.5 -1.4 -3.2 -2.1 -2.0 -3.5 5.7 -6.1 -0.5 -0.7 -4.8 -4.5 -7.2 5.0 -2.02002 0.0 -3.9 0.4 -0.5 -6.0 -0.3 -3.2 -2.9 -4.1 -2.3 -1.9 2.0 -5.4 -2.1 -1.4 -3.3 -2.4 -8.2 4.1 -2.72003 -1.9 -3.7 1.8 0.3 -7.8 -0.4 -4.0 -3.2 -5.9 -1.6 -1.3 0.3 -9.0 -3.1 -1.8 -5.7 -2.6 -3.1 2.4 -3.12004 -0.2 -3.3 2.4 1.3 -8.8 -0.1 -3.6 -3.5 -3.7 -1.2 -1.4 -1.4 -4.3 -1.8 -4.8 -6.2 -1.9 -2.3 2.2 -2.92005 -2.7 -3.3 1.1 1.6 -6.2 1.2 -3.4 -4.1 -2.2 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 -2.6 -0.4 -2.5 -6.1 -1.3 -2.9 2.7 -2.62006 0.2 -1.7 2.9 2.8 -5.9 2.1 -2.4 -3.6 -1.0 -0.5 -0.3 1.9 -2.5 0.1 -2.5 -4.2 -1.2 -3.6 4.0 -1.52007 0.1 0.3 2.7 0.3 -6.7 1.9 -2.6 -1.3 3.2 -0.6 -0.8 4.4 -2.1 -0.1 -1.4 -2.9 0.0 -2.1 5.1 -0.62008 -1.1 -0.1 -2.6 -7.0 -10.2 -4.6 -3.3 -2.6 0.9 -4.3 -3.1 3.5 -4.2 0.2 -1.5 -3.7 -1.4 -2.5 4.2 -2.22009 -5.4 -3.2 -2.2 -13.8 -15.1 -11.3 -7.2 -5.1 -5.4 -9.6 -9.1 -0.2 -3.2 -5.1 -5.3 -9.9 -5.8 -8.1 -2.5 -6.22010 -4.1 -4.4 0.2 -32.1 -11.2 -9.5 -6.9 -4.2 -4.7 -8.7 -6.9 -0.4 -2.4 -5.2 -4.4 -11.4 -5.6 -7.5 -2.5 -6.3

2011 -4.3 -0.9 1.1 -12.8 -10.3 -9.7 -5.2 -3.6 -5.7 -4.3 -9.0 0.6 -2.4 -4.4 -2.6 -7.7 -6.6 -4.5 -1.0 -4.22012 -4.3 0.0 -0.3 -8.1 -8.9 -10.7 -5.0 -2.9 -5.6 -1.4 -3.1 0.5 -3.5 -3.9 -2.2 -6.2 -4.0 -4.4 -2.2 -3.72013 -3.1 0.0 0.2 -6.2 -13.2 -7.0 -4.1 -2.9 -5.8 -1.2 -2.6 0.8 -2.4 -2.9 -2.0 -5.1 -14.6 -2.9 -2.5 -3.02014 -3.1 0.6 0.7 -3.6 -3.6 -5.9 -3.9 -3.0 -8.7 -1.6 -0.6 1.3 -1.7 -2.2 -2.7 -7.4 -5.5 -3.1 -3.0 -2.52015 -2.4 0.9 0.1 -2.0 -5.6 -5.2 -3.6 -2.6 -1.0 -1.4 -0.3 1.3 -1.0 -2.0 -1.0 -4.4 -2.8 -2.7 -2.4 -2.02016 -2.4 1.2 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 -4.3 -3.6 -2.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.8 1.0 0.0 -1.5 -1.9 -1.9 -2.5 -1.7 -1.52017 -0.7 1.2 -0.8 -0.3 0.7 -3.0 -2.9 -2.4 2.0 -0.8 0.5 1.3 3.3 1.3 -0.8 -3.0 0.0 -1.0 -0.7 -1.02018 -0.8 1.9 -0.6 0.1 1.0 -2.5 -2.3 -2.2 -3.7 -0.8 0.6 3.1 1.9 1.4 0.2 -0.4 0.7 -1.0 -0.9 -0.52019 -1.9 1.4 -0.3 0.4 1.5 -2.8 -3.0 -1.6 1.7 -0.2 0.3 2.2 0.5 1.7 0.7 0.2 0.5 -1.3 -1.1 -0.62020 -8.9 -7.0 -8.3 -5.6 -6.4 -10.1 -9.9 -11.1 -7.0 -7.3 -6.9 -4.8 -6.7 -6.3 -6.1 -6.5 -7.2 -8.5 -7.4 -8.5

2021 -4.2 -1.5 -3.4 -2.9 -2.1 -6.7 -4.0 -5.6 -1.8 -4.5 -2.7 0.1 -2.5 -3.5 -1.9 -1.8 -2.1 -4.2 -3.4 -3.5

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

161


76. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-); general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -4.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -7.3

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -4.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -1.4 -6.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -1.6 2.0 -5.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -2.7 1.7 -6.11992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -5.6 0.6 -7.11993 : : : : : : : -10.7 : : : : : : -6.8 -2.4 -6.31994 : : : : : : : -8.7 : : : : : : -5.9 -3.8 -5.01995 -5.5 -12.4 -3.6 -0.3 -8.6 -4.2 -2.0 -7.0 -7.2 : : : : : -5.2 -4.3 -4.61996 -8.1 -3.0 -2.5 0.8 -4.4 -4.5 -3.6 -3.1 -4.3 : : : : : -3.7 -4.9 -3.51997 0.8 -3.2 -1.2 0.3 -5.6 -4.6 -4.4 -1.6 -3.0 : : : : : -2.1 -3.5 -2.11998 1.1 -4.2 -0.4 2.0 -7.4 -4.2 -3.2 0.9 -2.4 : : : : : -0.3 -10.2 -0.91999 0.1 -3.1 0.9 -1.1 -5.3 -2.2 -4.4 0.6 -1.4 : : : : : 0.6 -6.8 -0.52000 -0.5 -3.6 1.9 -2.4 -3.0 -3.0 -4.6 3.2 -1.1 : : : : : 1.4 -7.4 0.3

2001 1.0 -5.5 1.1 -1.6 -4.0 -4.8 -3.5 1.4 -1.9 : : : : : 0.2 -6.2 -1.82002 -1.2 -6.4 0.0 -3.3 -8.8 -4.8 -1.9 -1.4 -2.7 : : : : : -1.9 -7.4 -5.32003 -0.4 -6.9 -0.1 -4.5 -7.2 -6.1 -1.4 -1.2 -3.1 : : : : : -3.1 -7.5 -6.42004 1.8 -2.4 2.1 -5.0 -6.6 -5.0 -1.1 0.4 -2.7 : : : : : -3.1 -5.3 -5.82005 1.0 -3.0 5.0 -3.7 -7.8 -4.0 -0.8 1.8 -2.3 -3.5 : 0.2 1.1 : -3.1 -4.4 -4.42006 1.8 -2.2 5.0 -3.1 -9.3 -3.6 -2.1 2.2 -1.4 -3.4 3.3 -0.5 -1.4 : -2.8 -3.0 -3.32007 1.1 -0.7 5.0 -2.2 -5.1 -1.9 -2.7 3.4 -0.5 -3.5 6.7 0.6 -1.8 : -2.7 -2.8 -4.02008 1.6 -2.0 3.2 -2.8 -3.8 -3.6 -5.4 1.9 -2.0 -5.6 -0.5 -0.9 -2.5 : -5.1 -4.1 -7.42009 -4.0 -5.5 -2.8 -6.0 -4.8 -7.3 -9.1 -0.7 -6.0 -7.1 -5.8 -2.6 -4.2 -6.2 -10.1 -9.8 -13.12010 -3.1 -4.2 -2.7 -6.5 -4.5 -7.4 -6.9 0.0 -6.0 -3.1 -4.8 -2.4 -4.3 -2.7 -9.3 -9.1 -12.4

2011 -2.0 -2.7 -2.1 -7.9 -5.2 -4.9 -5.4 -0.2 -4.1 -3.5 -5.4 -2.5 -4.5 -0.7 -7.5 -9.1 -11.02012 -0.3 -3.9 -3.5 -5.4 -2.3 -3.7 -3.7 -1.0 -3.6 -3.4 -5.7 -3.8 -6.4 -0.2 -8.2 -8.3 -9.22013 -0.4 -1.2 -1.2 -5.3 -2.6 -4.2 -2.1 -1.4 -2.9 -5.0 -5.2 -3.8 -5.1 0.2 -5.5 -7.6 -5.82014 -5.4 -2.1 1.1 -5.3 -2.8 -3.6 -1.2 -1.5 -2.4 -5.2 -3.1 -4.2 -6.2 0.2 -5.6 -5.4 -5.22015 -1.7 -0.6 -1.3 -3.3 -2.0 -2.6 -0.6 0.0 -1.9 -4.1 -7.3 -3.5 -3.5 0.6 -4.6 -3.6 -4.62016 0.1 0.7 0.1 -1.0 -1.8 -2.4 -2.6 1.0 -1.3 -1.8 -2.8 -2.7 -1.2 -1.1 -3.3 -3.5 -5.42017 1.1 1.5 1.8 0.8 -2.5 -1.5 -2.6 1.4 -0.8 -2.0 -5.6 -2.7 1.1 -2.8 -2.5 -2.9 -4.32018 2.0 0.9 0.7 0.2 -2.1 -0.2 -2.9 0.8 -0.4 -1.6 -2.6 -1.8 0.6 -2.8 -2.2 -2.3 -6.62019 2.1 0.3 3.7 0.4 -2.0 -0.7 -4.3 0.5 -0.6 -1.8 -2.0 -2.1 -0.2 -3.0 -2.1 -2.3 -7.22020 -2.8 -6.7 -7.2 -7.1 -5.2 -9.5 -9.2 -5.6 -8.3 -5.2 -7.7 -6.8 -7.7 -7.8 -10.5 -4.9 -17.8

2021 -1.8 -4.0 -2.3 -2.2 -4.0 -3.8 -11.4 -2.2 -3.6 -3.3 -1.5 -3.4 -2.1 -9.0 -6.6 -5.3 -8.5

1) SNA 2008

162

77. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) excluding interest; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.5 :

1980 : : : : : : 0.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.7 :

1985 : : : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1 :

1990 : 0.2 6.7

1991 : -0.5 : : : : -0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 : 1992 : 0.5 : : : : -1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.9 : 1993 : 0.1 : : : : -3.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -3.8 : 1994 : 0.8 : : : : -2.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.5 : 1995 4.5 -5.9 1.5 3.0 1.0 -1.9 -1.7 3.9 1.2 -0.6 -1.2 3.1 -1.7 -3.7 -2.1 0.4 -6.1 -1.1 -2.1 -2.11996 4.6 -0.1 0.2 4.2 2.1 -0.8 -0.3 4.4 -0.7 0.9 -2.4 2.7 -5.7 2.9 -0.6 0.1 0.9 -7.3 0.8 1.01997 5.7 0.5 2.5 5.0 2.3 0.7 -0.1 6.2 -2.5 2.3 -11.0 2.9 -4.6 2.8 1.0 0.1 0.0 -3.9 2.8 1.81998 6.4 0.8 -0.2 5.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 4.9 -0.9 0.7 -1.9 3.3 -6.4 2.8 0.9 -1.2 -0.2 -2.7 5.1 2.01999 6.3 1.4 -2.9 5.9 1.8 2.2 1.4 4.6 -1.1 -3.1 -1.4 3.4 -2.9 4.1 0.8 -0.1 -0.7 -3.8 4.6 2.42000 6.6 1.6 0.2 6.8 2.8 2.0 1.6 3.7 1.0 -1.8 -1.5 5.8 -1.5 4.5 1.2 -0.2 -1.3 -8.6 9.6 2.5

2001 6.8 0.0 0.4 2.4 0.8 2.5 1.6 2.9 1.1 -1.0 -2.0 6.0 -2.4 2.4 2.9 -1.8 -2.1 -3.2 7.5 1.72002 5.8 -0.9 0.7 0.8 -0.5 2.3 -0.2 2.6 -1.1 -1.6 -0.5 2.3 -1.5 0.4 2.1 -0.5 -0.2 -4.7 6.1 0.82003 3.6 -0.8 2.0 1.6 -2.9 1.9 -1.2 1.7 -2.7 -0.8 0.0 0.5 -5.5 -0.8 1.4 -3.0 -0.7 -0.6 4.2 0.12004 4.6 -0.5 2.6 2.4 -4.0 1.9 -0.8 1.1 -0.7 -0.4 -0.5 -1.2 -0.6 0.5 -1.8 -3.6 -0.3 -0.1 3.9 0.22005 1.7 -0.6 1.3 2.6 -1.5 3.0 -0.7 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 1.1 1.8 0.7 -3.6 0.2 -1.2 4.3 0.32006 4.4 1.1 3.1 3.8 -1.5 3.7 0.2 0.8 1.9 -0.1 0.4 2.2 1.2 2.1 0.6 -1.4 0.1 -2.1 5.5 1.32007 4.1 2.9 2.9 1.3 -2.2 3.5 0.1 3.4 6.0 -0.2 -0.2 4.7 1.3 1.9 1.8 0.1 1.2 -0.6 6.5 2.22008 2.9 2.5 -2.4 -5.7 -5.4 -3.0 -0.4 2.3 3.5 -3.7 -2.4 3.9 -0.8 2.2 1.5 -0.6 -0.3 -1.2 5.6 0.82009 -1.5 -0.5 -2.0 -11.8 -10.1 -9.6 -4.6 -0.7 -3.1 -8.0 -7.9 0.1 0.0 -3.1 -2.2 -6.9 -4.5 -6.7 -1.2 -3.42010 -0.5 -1.9 0.3 -29.2 -5.2 -7.6 -4.4 0.0 -2.7 -6.9 -5.1 0.0 0.7 -3.5 -1.5 -8.5 -4.0 -6.2 -1.2 -3.5

2011 -0.8 1.6 1.2 -9.5 -2.7 -7.3 -2.4 1.1 -3.5 -2.5 -7.1 1.1 0.8 -2.6 0.2 -3.3 -4.7 -2.9 0.4 -1.22012 -0.8 2.3 -0.2 -3.9 -3.6 -7.7 -2.4 2.2 -2.4 0.3 -1.2 1.0 -0.5 -2.2 0.5 -1.3 -2.0 -2.6 -0.7 -0.72013 0.1 1.9 0.3 -1.9 -9.0 -3.6 -1.8 2.0 -2.4 0.3 -0.8 1.4 0.4 -1.4 0.7 -0.3 -12.0 -1.0 -1.3 -0.22014 0.1 2.2 0.8 0.3 0.4 -2.5 -1.7 1.6 -5.5 -0.1 1.0 1.8 1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -2.5 -2.3 -1.2 -1.8 0.12015 0.5 2.4 0.2 0.7 -2.1 -2.2 -1.6 1.6 2.2 -0.1 1.3 1.7 1.3 -0.7 1.3 0.1 0.4 -0.9 -1.3 0.32016 0.3 2.4 -0.5 1.6 3.7 -1.6 -1.8 1.5 3.0 1.2 1.6 2.2 3.0 1.2 0.5 2.2 1.1 -0.8 -0.6 0.72017 1.6 2.3 -0.7 1.7 3.8 -0.5 -1.2 1.3 4.5 0.2 1.6 1.7 5.2 2.3 1.0 0.8 2.5 0.5 0.3 1.02018 1.3 2.8 -0.5 1.8 4.3 -0.1 -0.6 1.5 -1.3 -0.1 1.5 3.4 3.5 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.7 0.3 0.1 1.42019 0.1 2.3 -0.3 1.7 4.4 -0.5 -1.6 1.7 4.2 0.5 1.1 2.4 1.9 2.5 2.2 3.2 2.3 -0.1 -0.3 1.02020 -6.8 -6.3 -8.3 -4.4 -3.4 -7.7 -8.4 -7.4 -4.6 -6.6 -6.4 -4.5 -5.2 -5.5 -4.7 -3.1 -5.3 -7.1 -6.6 -6.8

2021 -2.4 -0.8 -3.3 -1.8 0.6 -4.4 -2.7 -2.1 0.3 -3.8 -2.2 0.3 -1.1 -2.7 -0.5 1.6 -0.3 -2.9 -2.8 -2.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

163

77. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) excluding interest; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -2.7

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.8 0.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 5.5 1.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.1 5.1 0.31992 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -3.0 4.0 -0.91993 : : : : : : : -6.4 : : : : : : -4.3 0.9 -0.31994 : : : : : : : -4.0 : : : : : : -3.1 -0.5 0.81995 4.2 -11.4 2.2 1.1 0.1 1.4 -0.4 -1.9 -1.9 : : : : : -2.1 -1.0 1.41996 7.6 -1.9 3.1 2.2 4.7 -0.1 -1.8 2.1 1.1 : : : : : -0.7 -1.6 2.31997 7.2 -2.1 3.8 1.7 2.9 -0.1 0.0 3.5 1.9 : : : : : 1.0 -0.3 3.51998 4.7 -3.1 4.1 3.5 -0.4 -0.2 0.7 5.2 2.1 : : : : : 2.7 -6.9 4.31999 3.6 -2.2 5.0 0.5 1.4 0.7 0.6 4.5 2.5 : : : : : 3.2 -3.5 4.22000 3.5 -2.8 5.6 -0.8 2.2 0.0 -0.6 6.5 2.6 : : : : : 3.8 -4.2 4.8

2001 5.2 -4.6 4.5 0.1 0.7 -1.7 0.0 4.1 1.7 : : : : : 2.3 -3.5 2.42002 1.1 -5.3 3.1 -1.6 -4.8 -2.0 0.5 1.5 0.7 : : : : : -0.1 -5.0 -1.32003 1.8 -5.8 2.6 -2.9 -3.2 -3.1 0.2 0.9 0.1 : : : : : -1.3 -5.4 -2.42004 3.6 -1.3 4.6 -3.2 -2.3 -2.3 0.4 2.1 0.2 : : : : : -1.2 -3.5 -1.92005 2.6 -1.9 7.0 -1.9 -3.7 -1.5 0.4 3.6 0.5 : : : : : -1.2 -2.7 -0.52006 3.1 -1.1 6.8 -1.5 -5.4 -1.2 -1.3 3.9 1.3 : : : : : -0.8 -1.2 0.62007 2.2 0.4 6.6 -0.6 -1.1 0.3 -2.1 5.1 2.3 : : : : : -0.5 -0.9 0.12008 2.4 -1.0 4.6 -1.0 0.3 -1.5 -4.7 3.5 0.8 : : : : : -3.0 -2.2 -3.42009 -3.3 -4.2 -0.9 -3.8 -0.2 -4.8 -7.6 0.5 -3.3 : : : : -1.6 -8.3 -7.8 -8.92010 -2.4 -2.9 -0.8 -4.1 -0.3 -4.9 -5.4 1.0 -3.3 : : : : 1.2 -6.4 -7.2 -8.2

2011 -1.3 -1.4 -0.1 -5.2 -1.1 -2.3 -3.8 0.9 -1.2 : : : : 2.3 -4.4 -7.1 -6.62012 0.5 -2.5 -1.7 -2.3 2.2 -1.1 -1.9 -0.1 -0.7 : : : : 2.7 -5.3 -6.3 -5.02013 0.3 0.1 0.4 -2.2 1.9 -1.7 -0.3 -0.6 -0.3 : : : : 2.6 -2.7 -5.7 -1.82014 -4.6 -0.8 2.6 -1.9 1.2 -1.7 0.5 -0.8 0.1 : : : : 2.5 -2.9 -3.5 -1.32015 -0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 1.4 -0.9 1.0 0.6 0.3 : : : : 2.6 -2.3 -1.7 -0.92016 1.0 1.6 1.2 2.1 1.3 -0.7 -1.1 1.5 0.7 : : : : 0.9 -0.9 -1.7 -1.52017 1.9 2.3 2.6 3.5 0.2 0.1 -1.4 1.9 1.0 : : : : -0.6 0.2 -1.2 -0.42018 2.6 1.7 1.5 2.5 0.2 1.2 -1.8 1.3 1.3 0.6 : : : 0.1 0.2 -0.7 -2.72019 2.6 1.0 4.4 2.6 0.2 0.6 -3.1 0.9 1.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.8 1.9 0.5 0.1 -0.8 -3.32020 -2.2 -5.8 -6.4 -4.8 -2.6 -8.1 -7.8 -5.3 -6.7 -2.6 -5.5 -5.5 -5.6 -3.7 -8.4 -3.4 -13.5

2021 -1.2 -3.1 -1.5 0.1 -1.6 -2.4 -9.6 -1.8 -2.1 -1.0 0.6 -2.0 0.2 -4.1 -4.6 -3.8 -4.5

1) SNA 2008

164

78. General government consolidated gross debtExcessive deficit procedure (based on ESA 2010) and former definitions (linked series) (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

1970 60.5 17.8 : 47.6 18.1 14.2 : 35.9 : : : 26.6 : : 18.5 : : : 11.4 : :

1975 56.1 23.6 : 56.6 18.4 11.7 : 54.9 : : : 17.2 : 38.7 22.9 20.1 : : 6.5 : :

1980 74.6 30.3 : 66.9 22.7 16.0 21.0 54.4 : : : 13.1 : 43.5 35.5 31.0 : : 11.2 : 33.1

1985 116.0 39.5 : 97.4 48.9 40.2 31.0 78.2 : : : 13.6 : 67.0 48.1 59.4 : : 15.8 : 49.9

1990 126.6 41.3 90.2 72.5 41.5 35.6 91.6 6.2 73.8 56.3 56.0 13.8 56.0

1991 128.0 38.7 : 91.6 74.8 42.2 36.3 94.8 : : : 5.4 : 73.6 56.5 58.5 : : 21.9 : 56.41992 129.6 41.2 : 88.7 80.0 44.6 40.1 101.3 : : : 6.3 : 74.3 56.4 52.6 : : 39.2 : 58.21993 135.2 44.9 : 91.1 100.3 55.6 46.5 111.0 : : : 7.9 : 75.4 61.0 57.4 : : 54.1 : 63.91994 133.2 47.3 : 85.9 98.3 58.2 49.8 116.9 : : : 7.3 : 72.8 64.1 60.2 : : 56.1 : 66.81995 131.3 54.9 8.0 78.5 99.0 61.5 56.1 119.4 49.0 13.9 11.5 9.8 34.4 73.1 68.3 62.2 18.2 21.6 55.2 71.4 71.91996 129.0 57.8 7.5 69.9 101.3 65.4 60.0 119.1 50.3 13.3 13.9 9.6 38.7 71.3 68.3 63.3 21.6 30.6 55.3 73.5 73.91997 124.3 58.9 6.9 61.6 99.5 64.2 61.4 116.8 54.1 10.7 15.4 9.4 46.6 65.8 63.5 58.7 22.1 33.0 52.2 73.0 73.51998 119.2 59.5 5.9 51.5 97.4 62.3 61.3 114.1 55.7 9.0 16.5 9.1 51.2 62.7 63.9 55.6 22.7 33.9 46.8 72.6 73.11999 115.4 60.1 6.4 46.6 98.9 60.8 60.5 113.3 55.8 12.1 22.7 8.0 62.1 58.6 66.7 55.4 23.7 47.1 44.1 71.5 71.92000 109.6 59.1 5.1 36.1 104.9 57.8 58.9 109.0 55.7 12.1 23.5 7.5 60.9 52.1 66.1 54.2 25.9 50.5 42.5 69.0 69.4

2001 108.2 57.9 4.8 33.2 107.1 54.0 58.3 108.9 57.3 13.9 22.9 7.7 65.2 49.4 66.7 57.4 26.1 51.1 40.9 68.0 68.42002 105.4 59.7 5.7 30.6 104.9 51.2 60.3 106.4 60.5 13.0 22.1 7.4 63.2 48.8 66.7 60.0 27.4 45.3 40.2 68.0 68.42003 101.7 63.3 5.6 29.9 101.5 47.7 64.4 105.5 63.8 14.1 20.4 7.5 69.0 50.0 65.9 63.9 26.8 43.2 42.7 69.3 69.82004 97.2 65.0 5.1 28.2 102.9 45.4 65.9 105.1 64.8 14.7 18.7 7.9 71.9 50.3 65.2 67.1 26.9 41.7 42.6 69.6 70.22005 95.1 67.3 4.7 26.1 107.4 42.4 67.4 106.6 63.4 11.9 17.6 8.0 70.0 49.8 68.6 72.2 26.4 34.7 39.9 70.3 71.02006 91.5 66.7 4.6 23.6 103.6 39.1 64.6 106.7 59.3 10.1 17.2 8.3 64.5 45.2 67.3 73.7 26.1 31.4 38.1 68.3 69.12007 87.3 64.0 3.8 23.9 103.1 35.8 64.5 103.9 54.0 8.5 15.9 8.2 62.3 43.0 65.0 72.7 22.8 30.3 33.9 65.9 66.82008 93.2 65.5 4.5 42.4 109.4 39.7 68.8 106.2 45.5 18.6 14.6 15.4 62.6 54.7 68.7 75.6 21.8 28.6 32.6 69.6 70.62009 100.2 73.0 7.2 61.5 126.7 53.3 83.0 116.6 54.3 36.9 28.0 16.1 67.6 56.8 79.9 87.8 34.5 36.4 41.5 80.2 81.12010 100.3 82.4 6.6 86.0 146.2 60.5 85.3 119.2 56.4 48.1 36.3 20.2 67.5 59.2 82.7 100.2 38.3 41.0 46.9 86.0 86.9

2011 103.5 79.8 6.1 111.1 172.1 69.9 87.8 119.7 65.9 43.9 37.2 19.0 70.2 61.7 82.4 114.4 46.5 43.5 48.3 88.4 89.32012 104.8 81.1 9.8 119.9 159.6 86.3 90.6 126.5 80.3 42.4 39.8 22.0 67.8 66.2 81.9 129.0 53.6 51.8 53.6 92.7 93.62013 105.5 78.7 10.2 119.9 177.4 95.8 93.4 132.5 104.0 40.3 38.7 23.7 68.4 67.7 81.3 131.4 70.0 54.7 56.2 94.9 95.82014 107.0 75.7 10.6 104.4 178.9 100.7 94.9 135.4 109.2 41.6 40.6 22.7 63.4 67.8 84.0 132.9 80.3 53.5 59.8 95.1 96.02015 105.2 72.1 10.0 76.7 175.9 99.3 95.6 135.3 107.5 37.3 42.6 22.0 58.0 64.6 84.9 131.2 82.6 51.9 63.6 93.0 93.92016 104.9 69.2 10.2 73.8 178.5 99.2 98.0 134.8 103.4 40.9 39.7 20.1 55.5 61.9 82.9 131.5 78.7 52.0 63.2 92.2 93.02017 101.7 65.3 9.3 67.7 176.2 98.6 98.3 134.1 93.9 39.3 39.1 22.3 50.3 56.9 78.3 126.1 74.1 51.3 61.3 89.8 90.72018 99.8 61.9 8.4 63.5 181.2 97.6 98.1 134.8 100.6 37.2 33.8 21.0 45.6 52.4 74.0 122.0 70.4 49.4 59.6 87.8 88.82019 98.6 59.8 8.4 58.8 176.6 95.5 98.1 134.8 95.5 36.9 36.3 22.1 43.1 48.6 70.4 117.7 66.1 48.0 59.4 86.0 87.02020 113.8 75.6 20.7 66.4 196.4 115.6 116.5 158.9 115.7 43.1 48.5 26.4 50.7 62.1 78.8 131.6 83.7 59.5 69.4 102.7 103.7

2021 110.0 71.8 22.6 66.7 182.6 113.7 111.9 153.6 105.0 43.7 48.4 25.7 50.8 57.6 75.8 124.4 79.9 59.9 69.6 98.8 99.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W 3) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.2 in 2010, 69.3 in 2011, 193.4 in 2012, 231.0 in 2013, 240.5 in 2014, 231.0 in 2015, 229.7 in 2016, 229.7 in 2017, 230.0 in 2018, 227.6 in 2019 4) Former Euro area 12; 1970-90 including D_W 5) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.0 in 2010, 68.6 in 2011, 190.0 in 2012, 226.9 in 2013, 236.3 in 2014, 226.9 in 2015, 225.7 in 2016, 225.7 in 2017, 225.9 in 2018, 223.6 in 2019

165

78. General government consolidated gross debtExcessive deficit procedure (based on ESA 2010) and former definitions (linked series)

(Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR UK JP US 1) 2) 3)

1970 : : : : : : : 25.4 : : : : : : : 73.6 10.8 44.4

1975 : : 7.0 : : : : 24.5 : : : : : : : 57.3 20.7 43.4

1980 : : 39.2 : : : : 37.2 : : : : : : : 48.2 49.6 41.3

1985 : : 74.7 : : : : 57.4 : : : : : : : 46.0 69.6 54.2

1990 : : 62.4 : : : : 39.0 : : : : : : : 28.9 64.2 62.2

1991 : : 63.2 : : : : 46.8 : 51.7 : : : : : 29.1 63.6 66.51992 : : 68.4 : : : : 58.9 : 54.0 : : : : : 33.2 68.2 68.81993 : : 80.5 : : : : 66.6 : 61.1 : : : : : 41.4 74.0 70.41994 : : 77.1 : : : : 68.9 : 62.8 : : : : : 40.1 85.0 69.61995 : 13.7 73.1 22.6 84.1 47.6 6.6 69.2 : 67.9 : : : : : 44.5 95.9 69.01996 : 11.6 69.9 25.5 71.4 42.4 10.6 69.5 : 69.9 : : : : : 44.1 101.0 68.31997 96.2 12.3 65.8 24.9 62.3 42.3 15.1 67.1 70.9 68.1 72.2 : : : : 43.2 106.7 65.91998 67.5 14.0 61.8 22.9 60.5 38.4 16.8 66.3 70.2 66.5 71.2 : : : : 41.0 117.9 62.71999 75.3 15.3 58.2 29.2 60.4 39.0 21.7 60.9 69.3 65.9 68.2 : 30.5 : : 39.5 131.1 59.12000 70.7 17.0 52.4 35.6 55.7 36.5 22.5 50.6 66.3 61.9 63.8 : 45.6 213.8 51.6 36.8 137.9 53.2

2001 64.5 22.8 48.5 36.6 52.3 37.3 25.9 52.2 65.5 61.1 60.6 : 45.2 100.6 76.1 34.0 146.8 53.12002 51.0 25.9 49.1 36.8 55.6 41.8 24.8 50.1 65.3 60.7 64.1 75.0 40.5 71.7 72.1 34.2 156.8 55.52003 43.4 28.3 46.2 38.2 58.1 46.6 22.1 49.6 66.6 62.4 60.2 39.9 36.5 67.6 65.7 35.4 162.7 58.62004 35.7 28.5 44.2 40.3 58.9 45.1 18.9 48.8 66.9 62.9 57.5 44.9 34.6 59.1 57.7 38.4 171.7 66.12005 26.6 27.9 37.4 41.3 60.6 46.6 15.9 49.0 67.1 63.8 58.1 38.2 36.7 46.2 50.8 39.6 176.8 65.42006 20.9 27.7 31.5 38.7 64.5 47.3 12.4 43.9 64.9 62.3 53.8 32.3 30.6 36.1 44.7 40.5 176.4 64.22007 16.3 27.5 27.3 37.4 65.7 44.5 11.9 39.2 62.2 59.9 50.6 27.4 23.5 28.1 38.2 41.5 175.4 64.62008 13.0 28.3 33.3 39.3 71.8 46.7 12.3 37.7 64.9 63.9 51.8 28.8 20.5 24.6 38.1 49.4 183.4 73.72009 13.7 33.6 40.2 48.7 78.2 49.8 21.8 40.9 75.7 76.5 55.9 38.1 23.6 30.3 43.9 63.3 201.0 86.72010 15.4 37.4 42.6 57.8 80.6 53.5 29.6 38.1 80.7 82.6 54.1 40.7 24.1 48.9 40.1 74.6 207.9 95.4

2011 15.2 39.8 46.1 64.4 80.8 54.5 34.0 37.3 82.4 85.7 55.6 45.4 27.7 43.5 36.5 80.1 222.1 99.72012 16.7 44.5 44.9 70.1 78.6 54.1 37.0 37.6 86.4 88.8 58.2 53.4 33.7 54.3 32.7 83.2 229.0 103.22013 17.1 44.9 44.0 81.2 77.4 56.0 37.6 40.4 88.4 91.1 61.7 57.5 34.0 56.7 31.4 84.2 232.5 104.72014 27.1 42.2 44.3 84.7 76.8 50.8 39.2 45.1 88.6 92.0 66.1 59.9 38.1 65.4 28.8 86.2 236.1 104.42015 26.0 40.0 39.8 84.3 76.2 51.3 37.8 43.9 86.6 89.6 68.7 66.2 38.1 70.7 27.6 86.9 231.6 104.72016 29.3 36.8 37.2 80.8 75.5 54.3 37.3 42.2 85.8 88.4 68.7 64.4 39.9 68.6 28.3 86.8 236.5 106.82017 25.3 34.7 35.8 77.8 72.9 50.6 35.1 40.8 83.3 86.9 66.9 64.2 39.4 60.1 28.2 86.2 234.6 106.02018 22.3 32.6 33.9 74.7 70.2 48.8 34.7 38.8 81.3 85.3 67.7 70.0 40.6 54.4 30.4 85.7 237.1 108.72019 20.4 30.8 33.2 73.2 66.3 46.0 35.2 35.1 79.4 84.4 66.1 77.2 38.9 52.8 33.1 85.4 236.5 111.12020 25.5 38.7 44.7 88.6 75.0 58.5 46.2 42.6 95.1 100.3 74.4 82.7 47.2 62.2 43.1 102.1 254.1 136.2

2021 25.4 39.9 44.6 83.4 73.5 58.3 54.7 42.5 92.0 97.2 73.4 79.6 48.7 59.5 47.7 101.5 252.6 136.6

1) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.2 in 2010, 69.3 in 2011, 193.9 in 2012, 232.0 in 2013, 241.5 in 2014, 232.0 in 2015, 230.7 in 2016, 229.7 in 2017, 230.0 in 2018, 227.6 in 2019 2) Former EU-15 3) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.0 in 2010, 69.1 in 2011, 193.0 in 2012, 231.7 in 2013, 241.4 in 2014, 232.3 in 2015, 230.4 in 2016, 229.3 in 2017, 229.5 in 2018, 225.9 in 2019

166

Main economic indicators 1961-2021

79. Belgium(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

1. Growth of GDP and its components (real)

1.1 Private consumption 4.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 1.0 1.8 1.1 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.1 -6.9 6.51.2 Government consumption 5.5 2.5 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.9 1.6 2.8 0.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.1 -0.5 4.1 3.7 2.3 0.8 2.2 3.7 3.8 1.3 4.0 3.1 -15.3 15.91.4 of which equipment : 0.2 4.1 7.0 1.7 -1.7 1.8 2.0 14.3 -3.1 5.1 3.4 -19.6 19.01.5 of which construction : 0.3 4.2 0.3 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 2.5 1.6 3.2 3.1 -16.8 17.51.6 Exports of goods and services 9.3 2.8 4.9 7.1 3.4 2.1 2.4 3.7 6.5 5.3 1.2 1.0 -10.6 7.71.7 Imports of goods and services 8.9 2.0 5.4 7.0 2.9 2.4 2.5 3.9 7.5 4.4 2.1 1.2 -10.2 8.11.8 GDP 4.9 1.9 2.3 2.9 1.9 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.4 -7.2 6.7

2. Demand components: Contribution to changes in GDP (%)

2.1 Consumption 3.5 1.9 1.5 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 -2.9 3.42.2 Investment 1.1 -0.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.7 -3.7 3.52.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.12.4 Domestic demand 4.8 1.6 2.5 2.5 1.4 1.6 1.2 2.2 2.2 1.2 2.2 1.5 -6.9 7.02.5 Exports 4.1 1.6 3.2 4.5 2.4 1.6 1.9 3.0 5.1 4.2 1.0 0.8 -8.6 5.82.6 Final demand 8.9 3.2 5.7 7.0 3.8 3.2 3.1 5.1 7.3 5.4 3.1 2.3 -15.5 12.82.7 Imports -3.9 -1.2 -3.4 -4.2 -1.9 -1.6 -1.9 -3.1 -5.8 -3.4 -1.7 -1.0 8.3 -6.12.8 Net exports 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.7 0.7 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3

3. Gross savings and investment in % of GDP at current prices

3.1 Private sector savings : : : 25.7 24.9 26.2 24.2 24.6 24.6 23.6 22.6 24.1 29.4 26.53.2 Net savings of households : : 9.2 7.7 6.7 6.3 4.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.6 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.5 2.3 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.2 1.7 1.9 0.8 -6.5 -1.93.4 National savings 25.0 21.0 23.3 27.3 27.3 27.0 24.3 25.0 24.8 25.3 24.5 24.8 22.9 24.63.5 Gross capital formation 28.2 24.1 21.9 22.6 22.1 24.0 23.4 23.6 24.2 24.1 25.5 25.5 23.0 24.93.6 Current account 1.5 -1.2 2.9 4.7 5.1 3.1 0.8 1.4 0.6 1.2 -1.0 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3

4. Determinants of investment

4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 75.6 78.3 81.8 80.2 80.0 78.3 79.6 80.0 81.8 81.0 81.2 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 -1.0 -0.2 0.5 1.9 3.0 4.3 -3.0 3.84.3 Potential GDP gap : -1.0 -0.2 0.4 0.1 0.6 -0.6 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 -7.1 -2.24.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 70.9 89.2 85.5 86.8 83.0 74.0 84.3 89.3 90.0 87.7 87.3 67.1 88.6

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.5 2.6 2.4 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.0 0.4 1.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.0 2.9 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.55.4 Labour productivity growth 4.4 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 -0.2 -6.2 5.55.5 Total factor productivity growth 3.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -6.7 5.3

6. Employment and unemployment

6.1 Employment 0.5 -0.3 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.5 -1.0 1.26.2 Activity rate : : 62.4 65.8 67.8 69.0 69.2 70.0 70.2 70.8 70.8 71.4 71.8 72.26.3 Employment rate : : 57.4 60.2 62.7 63.7 63.8 64.3 64.9 65.9 66.7 67.7 66.9 67.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 7.6 8.4 8.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.5 7.8 7.1 6.0 5.4 7.0 6.6 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.2 9.6 4.2 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.4 0.1 0.6 1.8 1.9 1.7 -1.4 1.27.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.4 2.3 2.1 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.7 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.4 -2.2 -0.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.5 7.2 2.5 0.7 1.5 2.2 1.8 -1.0 0.3 1.5 1.8 1.9 5.1 -4.07.4 Real unit labour costs 0.5 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 0.5 0.2 -2.3 -1.4 -0.2 0.3 0.3 3.6 -5.57.5 GDP deflator 4.0 6.7 2.8 1.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 3.6 7.1 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.9 1.7 0.9 1.4 2.0 1.9 1.4 0.8 1.57.7 Terms of trade 0.2 -1.0 1.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 1.0 0.6 -0.6 -1.0 0.4 0.6 0.2

8. General government budget, % of GDP

8.1 Total expenditure : : : 51.1 50.3 51.3 55.9 53.7 53.1 51.9 52.2 52.2 59.6 54.28.2 Total revenue : : : 49.5 49.4 49.3 52.2 51.3 50.7 51.2 51.4 50.3 50.7 49.98.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -1.6 -0.9 -2.1 -3.7 -2.4 -2.4 -0.7 -0.8 -1.9 -8.9 -4.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -1.8 -1.0 -2.5 -3.3 -2.6 -2.6 -1.3 -1.4 -2.4 -4.5 -2.98.5 Debt (end of period) 58.2 116.0 131.3 109.6 95.1 100.3 107.0 105.2 104.9 101.7 99.8 98.6 113.8 110.0

9. Monetary conditions

9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.5 10.6 8.4 5.5 4.4 4.0 2.8 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.2 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 5.3 10.8 7.8 3.5 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.3 -0.1 0.6 2.0 1.5 1.2 2.2 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.6 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.5 3.8 5.5 4.3 2.4 2.2 1.3 -0.5 -1.2 -1.0 -0.7 -1.4 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.3 1.8 0.4 0.4 -2.9 2.1 1.2 2.2 -0.6 0.7 0.29.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 100.0 100.2 104.1 103.1 100.0 102.9 104.6 107.0 105.7 105.6 105.4 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)

(a) Manufacturing industry (b) Private consumption deflator (c) GDP deflator

167


80. Germany(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.0 2.0 2.8 1.6 0.3 0.4 1.2 1.9 2.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 -8.3 6.01.2 Government consumption 4.7 2.6 1.8 1.8 0.5 2.2 1.3 2.8 4.1 2.4 1.4 2.6 2.8 2.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 3.9 0.1 3.4 2.1 -2.0 1.5 2.2 1.8 3.8 2.4 3.5 2.6 -5.8 5.91.4 of which equipment 5.0 1.6 2.3 7.2 -0.4 1.8 1.8 4.4 3.0 4.0 4.4 0.6 -17.0 12.71.5 of which construction 3.5 -1.2 3.7 -1.4 -4.0 0.6 2.3 -1.4 3.8 0.7 2.5 3.9 -1.5 3.51.6 Exports of goods and services 7.4 4.9 4.5 8.9 6.0 4.1 4.2 5.5 2.4 4.9 2.1 0.9 -12.1 10.31.7 Imports of goods and services 9.0 3.6 5.4 8.5 3.5 4.2 3.5 5.8 4.3 5.2 3.6 1.9 -9.2 8.61.8 GDP 4.3 2.0 2.6 1.9 0.5 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.5 1.5 0.6 -6.5 5.9


2.1 Consumption 3.4 1.6 : 1.7 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.6 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.3 -3.7 3.52.2 Investment 1.1 0.0 : 0.4 -0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 -1.3 1.32.3 Stockbuilding -0.1 -0.1 : -0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 0.5 0.3 -0.9 0.5 -0.12.4 Domestic demand 4.4 1.5 : 2.0 -0.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.8 2.2 2.0 0.9 -4.5 4.72.5 Exports 1.2 1.1 : 1.0 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.5 1.1 2.2 1.0 0.4 -5.7 4.52.6 Final demand 5.6 2.7 : 3.0 1.6 2.7 3.1 4.0 3.9 4.5 3.0 1.4 -10.2 9.12.7 Imports -1.2 -0.7 : -1.0 -1.0 -1.5 -1.4 -2.3 -1.7 -2.0 -1.5 -0.8 3.7 -3.32.8 Net exports 0.0 0.4 : 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.6 0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -1.9 1.2


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 21.9 23.3 24.9 24.4 25.0 24.9 24.6 24.4 24.3 31.4 27.33.2 Net savings of households : : : 6.4 6.5 6.5 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.4 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 0.9 -0.1 1.6 2.9 3.6 4.0 4.4 5.0 4.7 -3.3 2.13.4 National savings 27.3 22.6 : 22.8 23.2 26.5 27.3 28.6 28.9 29.0 29.4 29.0 28.1 29.43.5 Gross capital formation 27.2 21.8 : 23.8 20.7 20.4 20.4 20.0 20.2 20.7 21.8 21.4 22.0 22.03.6 Current account 0.8 0.8 : -1.0 2.5 6.1 6.9 8.6 8.6 8.3 7.6 7.6 6.1 7.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (b) (c) : 80.4 84.2 84.5 83.6 82.8 84.1 84.2 84.6 86.6 87.6 84.5 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap (b) : -0.3 : -0.1 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 1.5 2.9 3.5 3.3 -4.1 0.74.3 Potential GDP gap (b) : 0.2 : 0.0 -0.6 -0.6 0.2 -0.1 0.5 1.5 1.7 1.0 -6.4 -2.04.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) (a) 100.0 80.6 91.6 96.0 101.9 110.9 105.4 107.0 108.4 107.3 102.1 96.0 76.1 91.8

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) (a) 4.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) (b) 3.1 3.1 : 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.95.3 Growth of capital intensity (a) 4.1 2.2 1.2 1.0 1.3 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 0.2 1.5 0.35.4 Labour productivity growth (a) 4.0 1.8 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.2 -0.3 -5.6 5.25.5 Total factor productivity growth (a) 2.4 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.3 -0.4 -6.2 5.0


6.1 Employment (a) 0.2 -0.2 : -0.2 0.1 0.9 1.2 0.9 2.6 1.0 0.6 1.4 -0.9 0.66.2 Activity rate (b) 68.6 66.3 : 70.5 72.1 76.3 78.0 78.5 79.7 80.3 80.5 81.4 81.2 81.16.3 Employment rate (b) 68.1 63.5 : 64.2 65.0 70.1 73.8 74.9 76.5 77.2 77.8 78.8 77.9 78.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate (b) 69.1 65.8 : 69.3 71.1 74.7 79.2 80.3 80.9 82.0 83.3 83.9 83.0 83.4 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate (b) 0.7 4.2 5.8 9.0 9.8 8.3 5.4 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.2 4.0 3.5 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.1 5.5 4.2 1.1 1.1 1.5 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 -0.6 3.27.2 Real wages per head (d) 5.5 1.1 2.0 0.4 -0.3 0.1 1.2 2.3 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.9 -0.9 1.87.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.9 3.6 2.6 0.2 0.2 1.1 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.5 2.7 3.5 5.3 -1.97.4 Real unit labour costs 0.6 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.8 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.2 1.3 3.1 -3.57.5 GDP deflator 4.3 4.0 2.8 0.3 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.5 2.2 2.1 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 3.4 4.4 2.2 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.3 1.47.7 Terms of trade 1.4 -1.4 1.9 -0.7 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 2.3 1.7 -0.9 -0.9 0.9 2.5 -0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 48.4 47.4 45.8 44.9 44.0 44.3 44.4 44.6 45.4 54.2 48.38.2 Total revenue : : : 45.9 44.0 44.0 44.8 45.0 45.5 45.7 46.4 46.8 47.2 46.88.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.5 -3.5 -1.8 -0.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.4 -7.0 -1.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -2.5 -3.1 -1.5 -0.1 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.9 -3.8 -0.58.5 Debt (end of period) 17.7 39.5 : 59.1 67.3 82.4 75.7 72.1 69.2 65.3 61.9 59.8 75.6 71.8


9.1 Long-term interest rate (b) 7.2 8.2 7.1 5.2 4.2 3.6 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.4 -0.3 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate (b) 5.8 6.8 6.4 3.5 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) (b) 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.7 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.1 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (b) (e) 2.7 4.0 : 3.9 3.1 2.4 0.1 -1.2 -1.1 -0.7 -1.1 -2.4 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate (a) : : : -0.7 2.3 0.4 0.5 -3.9 2.4 1.4 2.9 -0.8 1.0 0.39.6 Real effective exchange rate (a) : : : 111.5 108.0 109.2 103.7 100.0 101.7 102.8 105.4 103.9 103.9 103.7 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)

(a) 1961-91: West-Germany (b) 1961-90: West-Germany (c) Manufacturing industry (d) Private consumption deflator (e) GDP deflator

168


81. Estonia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption -4.5 -13.7 -0.9 3.5 4.4 3.6 3.6 5.0 4.6 2.8 4.3 3.1 -7.2 7.11.2 Government consumption 4.5 -3.1 -0.7 2.3 3.1 2.7 1.3 3.0 2.4 1.1 0.9 2.9 4.3 -2.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation -13.1 -37.2 -2.2 35.6 11.9 1.5 -2.7 -3.2 0.9 12.5 1.7 13.2 -8.7 6.31.4 of which equipment -19.8 -44.6 9.7 39.6 18.5 0.9 1.7 -12.1 0.4 17.9 9.3 12.9 -15.1 20.01.5 of which construction -11.2 -36.3 -8.6 35.3 8.4 1.1 -6.3 1.0 0.6 10.2 -3.0 13.2 -3.8 -1.61.6 Exports of goods and services 0.9 -20.3 24.2 24.2 4.8 2.8 2.6 -1.5 5.1 3.8 4.3 4.9 -12.5 8.51.7 Imports of goods and services -6.2 -30.6 21.3 27.2 9.7 2.4 3.0 -1.9 6.0 4.2 5.7 3.7 -10.8 7.21.8 GDP -5.1 -14.4 2.7 7.4 3.1 1.3 3.0 1.8 2.6 5.7 4.8 4.3 -6.9 5.9


2.1 Consumption -1.6 -7.8 -0.6 2.3 2.8 2.3 2.1 3.1 2.8 1.7 2.3 2.1 -2.7 2.92.2 Investment -4.8 -11.6 -0.5 7.5 3.1 0.4 -0.7 -0.8 0.2 2.9 0.4 3.1 -2.3 1.62.3 Stockbuilding -3.1 -1.8 2.0 -1.4 1.5 -1.4 1.9 -0.7 1.8 -0.2 0.9 -0.2 -0.4 0.42.4 Domestic demand -9.5 -21.2 0.9 8.4 7.4 1.3 3.3 1.6 4.8 4.4 3.7 5.0 -5.3 4.82.5 Exports 0.6 -13.5 14.7 18.0 4.1 2.4 2.2 -1.2 3.9 3.0 3.3 3.6 -9.0 5.62.6 Final demand -8.9 -34.7 15.5 26.4 11.5 3.7 5.5 0.4 8.7 7.4 6.9 8.6 -14.4 10.42.7 Imports 4.4 21.5 -11.8 -18.5 -7.8 -2.1 -2.5 1.5 -4.4 -3.1 -4.1 -2.6 7.4 -4.52.8 Net exports 5.0 8.0 2.8 -0.5 -3.6 0.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.8 1.0 -1.6 1.1


3.1 Private sector savings 19.3 20.4 20.1 22.7 22.3 22.8 22.2 21.7 21.3 23.7 25.0 25.1 29.2 27.03.2 Net savings of households 2.1 4.5 2.2 2.8 0.7 1.7 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.8 : : 3.3 General government savings 4.2 3.2 3.1 4.1 4.9 4.5 5.5 4.9 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.6 -2.0 1.73.4 National savings 23.5 23.6 23.3 26.7 27.3 27.3 27.6 26.6 25.6 28.2 29.2 29.7 27.2 28.63.5 Gross capital formation 31.6 20.9 21.5 25.4 29.1 27.0 26.9 24.8 25.4 26.6 26.2 28.1 26.8 27.13.6 Current account -8.7 2.5 1.8 1.3 -1.9 0.3 0.7 1.8 1.6 2.7 2.0 2.3 1.1 2.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 70.6 58.5 67.3 72.5 70.7 71.6 73.3 71.4 73.7 74.8 74.3 72.7 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 7.8 -9.5 -8.7 -3.6 -2.4 -3.0 -2.1 -2.4 -2.1 1.2 3.6 5.7 -3.7 -0.24.3 Potential GDP gap 4.4 -9.6 -6.3 0.0 1.7 1.0 1.4 0.4 0.4 2.6 3.9 4.3 -5.3 -3.04.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 7.1 1.7 1.5 4.1 5.0 4.4 3.8 3.0 2.8 3.8 3.6 4.5 3.1 3.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 7.3 13.3 6.8 -2.3 3.3 3.1 3.0 0.1 2.5 1.0 2.3 3.2 9.3 -0.35.4 Labour productivity growth -4.9 -4.7 8.0 0.8 1.5 0.1 2.2 -1.0 2.3 3.0 3.5 3.0 -1.4 2.15.5 Total factor productivity growth -8.1 -10.3 4.6 2.0 -0.1 -1.4 0.8 -1.1 1.1 2.5 2.3 1.5 -5.6 2.2


6.1 Employment -0.2 -10.2 -4.9 6.5 1.6 1.2 0.8 2.9 0.3 2.7 1.2 1.3 -5.7 3.76.2 Activity rate 76.9 76.5 76.3 77.6 78.0 78.5 78.6 80.0 81.6 82.8 83.3 83.5 82.9 83.76.3 Employment rate 72.7 66.1 63.6 68.1 70.3 71.7 72.8 75.1 76.1 78.1 78.8 79.8 75.4 78.4 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.5 13.5 16.7 12.3 10.0 8.6 7.4 6.2 6.8 5.8 5.4 4.4 9.2 6.5 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.4 -2.9 2.7 1.9 5.8 5.7 6.6 3.7 5.7 7.0 10.2 7.8 2.0 2.77.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.2 -1.5 -1.2 -3.1 1.6 2.5 5.8 4.1 5.0 3.2 6.3 5.1 1.5 1.07.3 Nominal unit labour costs 16.1 1.9 -5.0 1.0 4.2 5.6 4.3 4.8 3.3 3.9 6.5 4.6 3.4 0.67.4 Real unit labour costs 8.6 2.1 -6.7 -4.1 0.2 1.5 1.3 3.6 1.6 0.2 1.9 1.3 1.7 -1.37.5 GDP deflator 6.9 -0.2 1.8 5.4 4.0 4.0 2.9 1.1 1.7 3.6 4.5 3.2 1.7 2.07.6 Private consumption deflator 8.0 -1.4 3.9 5.2 4.1 3.1 0.7 -0.4 0.7 3.6 3.7 2.5 0.5 1.77.7 Terms of trade 0.2 0.4 -2.0 0.4 -0.5 0.9 1.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.3


8.1 Total expenditure 39.4 45.6 40.0 37.1 39.0 38.2 37.5 39.2 39.5 39.3 39.1 39.0 47.0 42.48.2 Total revenue 36.8 43.4 40.1 38.2 38.7 38.4 38.2 39.4 39.0 38.6 38.5 38.7 38.7 39.08.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.6 -2.2 0.2 1.1 -0.3 0.2 0.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.3 -8.3 -3.48.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -4.8 2.5 3.2 1.1 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.7 -2.0 -2.4 -2.4 -5.8 -1.98.5 Debt (end of period) 4.5 7.2 6.6 6.1 9.8 10.2 10.6 10.0 10.2 9.3 8.4 8.4 20.7 22.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate 8.2 7.8 5.9 : : : : : : : : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 6.7 5.9 1.6 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.5 1.9 4.3 : : : : : : : : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.2 8.0 4.0 : : : : : : : : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 2.0 4.7 -4.1 -0.3 -2.2 2.1 4.3 2.7 2.3 0.0 3.3 0.0 2.1 0.59.6 Real effective exchange rate 96.1 98.1 94.4 95.4 94.6 97.3 99.8 100.0 101.6 103.1 107.8 108.0 109.7 110.1 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


169


82. Ireland(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 3.8 2.2 3.2 8.3 4.4 1.7 0.1 3.1 5.4 3.1 3.4 2.8 -8.8 4.61.2 Government consumption 5.2 3.7 1.0 6.3 5.1 1.1 -0.4 1.9 3.4 3.5 4.4 5.1 7.7 -3.01.3 Gross fixed capital formation 9.9 0.7 3.5 12.9 9.1 -7.7 7.1 52.9 50.6 -6.7 -21.1 94.2 -41.6 16.91.4 of which equipment : 1.6 4.4 13.7 7.9 -1.7 12.6 -3.2 25.1 -11.2 39.4 -12.3 -35.0 5.81.5 of which construction : 0.6 3.5 12.7 7.8 -14.7 1.0 7.3 13.0 13.5 12.5 6.9 -11.6 6.51.6 Exports of goods and services 8.7 8.0 10.8 17.9 6.0 4.3 4.8 39.3 4.1 9.2 10.4 11.1 -15.2 6.71.7 Imports of goods and services 9.7 4.4 8.5 18.2 6.0 2.8 4.2 33.2 18.4 1.1 -2.9 35.6 -27.7 8.41.8 GDP 4.4 3.8 4.6 9.4 5.3 0.4 2.6 25.2 3.7 8.1 8.2 5.5 -7.9 6.1


2.1 Consumption 3.7 2.3 2.1 5.1 2.8 0.9 -0.1 1.6 2.2 1.5 1.6 1.5 -1.8 0.92.2 Investment 1.9 0.2 0.6 2.7 2.3 -1.7 1.3 10.9 12.2 -2.4 -6.6 22.0 -18.1 4.62.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 -1.6 0.1 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.7 2.5 2.8 8.0 5.1 -0.9 1.8 13.2 14.6 -0.5 -6.6 23.7 -19.8 5.52.5 Exports 2.5 3.0 6.5 14.3 5.5 3.7 5.1 43.2 5.0 11.2 12.6 13.5 -19.3 7.82.6 Final demand 8.3 5.5 9.3 22.3 10.6 2.7 6.9 56.4 19.7 10.7 6.0 37.2 -39.1 13.32.7 Imports -3.8 -1.9 -4.6 -12.4 -4.5 -2.0 -3.7 -30.5 -17.2 -1.2 2.8 -31.8 31.2 -7.22.8 Net exports -1.3 1.1 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.6 1.4 12.7 -12.1 10.0 15.4 -18.2 11.9 0.6


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 19.6 20.1 20.4 23.0 29.5 32.9 32.6 32.3 30.9 33.7 33.93.2 Net savings of households : : : 0.9 0.3 2.1 2.2 1.3 1.1 2.0 1.9 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 4.7 4.2 -1.0 -4.2 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.3 2.9 -2.6 0.03.4 National savings 19.9 18.2 16.6 24.3 24.3 19.3 18.9 30.3 34.1 34.3 34.5 33.8 31.2 33.93.5 Gross capital formation 22.0 26.0 17.8 23.2 26.3 24.6 19.6 25.7 37.4 33.4 23.8 43.8 27.3 30.23.6 Current account -2.5 -7.9 0.3 1.4 -0.5 -4.8 -0.6 4.4 -4.2 0.5 10.6 -9.4 4.6 4.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 1.0 -2.2 0.9 3.8 1.6 -11.1 6.0 4.2 7.1 10.6 11.9 -0.6 2.24.3 Potential GDP gap : -1.0 -0.6 2.5 0.8 -0.4 -0.9 3.9 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.1 -7.9 -4.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 81.9 111.5 163.3 178.4 139.6 150.2 223.4 199.8 205.5 225.8 219.9 184.5 205.4

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.8 4.7 2.1 4.5 5.7 4.0 1.6 1.3 5.9 3.3 -0.5 10.6 -0.2 1.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.05.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.7 4.6 0.7 -0.5 2.6 4.9 0.9 -2.3 2.1 0.3 -3.6 7.5 2.4 0.65.4 Labour productivity growth 4.3 3.7 3.2 4.2 2.3 1.3 1.8 20.8 0.0 5.0 4.8 2.6 -5.5 4.85.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.1 1.6 2.8 4.4 1.1 -0.9 1.4 22.0 -1.0 4.8 6.6 -0.7 -6.6 4.5


6.1 Employment 0.1 0.1 1.4 5.0 3.0 -0.8 0.7 3.6 3.7 3.0 3.2 2.9 -2.5 1.36.2 Activity rate : : : 67.5 70.8 73.4 71.8 72.6 73.2 73.4 74.0 74.5 74.2 74.46.3 Employment rate : : : 62.2 67.4 66.9 61.5 65.3 67.0 68.4 69.7 70.8 68.7 69.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.6 10.6 15.0 7.9 4.6 8.8 14.2 10.0 8.4 6.7 5.8 5.0 7.4 7.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.3 16.7 5.1 6.5 6.0 2.0 0.4 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.1 4.0 -2.3 1.77.2 Real wages per head (b) 4.7 2.6 2.1 2.8 2.6 2.4 -0.8 1.8 1.9 1.5 0.4 1.7 -1.2 0.87.3 Nominal unit labour costs 6.8 12.5 1.9 2.2 3.6 0.7 -1.5 -15.3 2.2 -2.3 -2.6 1.4 3.5 -3.07.4 Real unit labour costs -0.4 -0.2 -1.1 -2.4 -0.3 1.5 -2.6 -21.4 2.5 -3.4 -3.4 -0.1 2.2 -4.17.5 GDP deflator 7.2 12.8 3.0 4.8 3.9 -0.7 1.2 7.8 -0.3 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.27.6 Private consumption deflator 6.3 13.8 2.9 3.5 3.3 -0.3 1.1 0.6 0.3 1.1 1.7 2.2 -1.0 0.97.7 Terms of trade 0.8 -1.7 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 -0.9 -0.5 4.6 -0.3 -1.4 -1.3 0.4 2.1 -0.3


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 34.8 33.1 44.8 41.7 29.0 27.8 26.1 25.3 24.8 29.6 26.68.2 Total revenue : : : 37.1 33.8 34.8 34.0 27.0 27.1 25.8 25.4 25.2 24.0 23.78.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : 2.3 0.7 -10.0 -7.7 -2.0 -0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.4 -5.6 -2.98.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : 1.0 0.3 -9.7 -7.2 -4.0 -2.0 -1.7 -1.0 -0.7 -1.5 -0.58.5 Debt (end of period) 40.1 97.4 78.5 36.1 26.1 86.0 104.4 76.7 73.8 67.7 63.5 58.8 66.4 66.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 14.6 9.2 5.7 4.3 4.7 5.5 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.3 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 13.4 9.7 4.9 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : 1.1 -0.5 0.9 1.5 1.9 4.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.7 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 1.6 6.0 0.9 0.4 5.5 4.2 -6.1 1.0 -0.3 0.1 -1.2 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.1 2.7 0.8 0.0 -6.5 2.1 1.9 2.8 -1.9 -0.2 0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 99.7 109.0 118.7 108.5 100.0 101.0 101.3 102.6 99.8 98.4 97.9 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


170


83. Greece(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 6.8 3.3 2.5 3.5 4.0 0.4 -5.0 -0.2 0.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 -9.0 7.61.2 Government consumption 6.2 5.0 0.2 2.3 3.7 1.5 -5.2 1.6 -0.7 -0.4 -2.5 2.1 4.9 -2.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 9.7 -3.2 0.2 8.9 1.9 -2.3 -14.6 0.7 4.7 9.1 -12.2 4.7 -30.0 33.01.4 of which equipment 12.8 0.7 5.0 18.4 2.3 2.0 -12.5 7.3 -11.4 22.2 -10.2 12.0 -32.0 35.21.5 of which construction 8.9 -3.3 -1.1 5.3 1.2 -5.6 -18.0 -9.9 29.2 0.4 -18.5 -1.9 -28.0 31.01.6 Exports of goods and services 11.5 5.5 3.9 15.3 2.4 0.6 2.6 3.1 -1.8 6.8 8.7 4.8 -21.4 17.91.7 Imports of goods and services 12.8 3.0 5.9 14.2 2.0 0.4 -3.6 0.4 0.3 7.1 4.2 2.5 -18.0 15.81.8 GDP 8.5 1.7 1.2 3.6 3.9 -0.3 -4.8 -0.4 -0.2 1.5 1.9 1.9 -9.7 7.9


2.1 Consumption 4.8 2.2 1.8 2.8 3.3 0.5 -4.6 0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.3 0.9 -5.2 4.62.2 Investment 3.1 -0.9 0.0 1.9 0.5 -0.3 -2.2 0.1 0.5 1.1 -1.6 0.5 -3.5 3.02.3 Stockbuilding 1.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.4 0.2 -1.6 0.1 0.0 1.8 -0.4 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 9.4 1.6 1.8 4.6 4.0 -0.2 -6.5 -1.3 0.5 1.7 0.5 1.0 -8.6 7.62.5 Exports 0.8 0.6 0.6 2.6 0.5 0.1 0.8 1.0 -0.6 2.0 2.9 1.7 -7.7 5.62.6 Final demand 10.2 2.2 2.4 7.2 4.5 0.0 -5.8 -0.3 -0.1 3.7 3.3 2.8 -16.3 13.22.7 Imports -1.6 -0.4 -1.2 -3.6 -0.6 -0.2 1.0 -0.1 -0.1 -2.2 -1.4 -0.9 6.2 -4.92.8 Net exports -0.8 0.2 -0.6 -1.0 -0.1 -0.1 1.8 0.9 -0.7 -0.1 1.5 0.8 -1.5 0.7


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 19.9 16.8 15.1 11.8 10.3 7.8 8.7 8.6 8.7 15.6 9.93.2 Net savings of households : : : 1.8 -0.6 -1.7 -7.8 -9.3 -10.1 -9.9 -8.9 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : -1.9 -1.2 -6.0 -3.6 -0.3 2.5 2.9 3.4 3.5 -5.4 0.93.4 National savings 26.2 27.8 20.9 18.0 15.6 9.1 8.2 10.0 10.4 11.5 12.0 12.2 10.2 10.83.5 Gross capital formation 33.4 32.2 25.8 24.2 25.0 22.6 12.9 10.2 11.5 12.5 13.1 12.5 10.0 12.03.6 Current account -1.8 0.3 -1.2 -6.2 -9.4 -13.5 -4.7 -0.2 -1.1 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 0.1 -1.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 76.4 75.9 75.8 73.5 66.3 65.9 67.8 70.0 70.8 71.6 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 0.0 -0.8 -2.2 1.0 8.0 -6.2 -4.4 -3.2 -0.9 1.6 3.8 -6.4 0.74.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.1 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 -14.0 -12.1 -11.0 -8.8 -6.5 -4.4 -13.0 -6.04.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 68.5 57.5 70.0 72.3 72.2 55.4 61.1 62.9 65.9 68.8 69.7 59.0 68.7

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 7.9 4.1 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.1 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -0.8 -1.2 -1.0 -1.8 -1.15.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.3 4.05.3 Growth of capital intensity 8.4 3.1 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.8 2.6 -2.0 -1.6 -2.3 -2.8 -2.9 1.9 -4.75.4 Labour productivity growth 9.0 0.7 0.6 2.9 2.3 -0.6 -1.1 -1.2 -0.7 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -6.3 4.05.5 Total factor productivity growth 5.1 -0.6 0.0 2.2 1.9 -1.4 -2.2 -0.2 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.2 -7.1 6.3


6.1 Employment -0.5 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.7 -0.2 -5.3 2.1 1.7 2.2 2.0 2.0 -3.7 3.86.2 Activity rate 60.0 57.3 58.2 61.3 66.1 67.9 67.8 69.0 69.5 69.5 69.3 69.7 70.1 70.46.3 Employment rate 57.4 55.1 53.8 54.6 59.3 61.5 51.5 51.8 53.1 54.6 56.0 57.6 56.0 58.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.4 3.8 7.6 10.9 10.3 9.5 24.1 24.9 23.6 21.5 19.3 17.3 19.9 16.8 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.1 21.5 14.4 8.1 7.3 2.5 -4.1 -2.4 -0.9 0.5 1.3 1.1 -3.6 3.27.2 Real wages per head (b) 6.4 2.7 -1.1 3.3 4.5 -0.7 -3.7 -0.7 -0.2 0.0 1.0 0.5 -3.1 2.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 1.0 20.6 13.8 5.1 4.9 3.1 -3.0 -1.3 -0.3 0.6 1.1 1.3 2.9 -0.87.4 Real unit labour costs -3.2 1.3 -1.5 0.2 1.7 0.2 -2.1 -0.9 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.7 3.0 -1.37.5 GDP deflator 4.4 19.1 15.6 4.9 3.1 2.9 -0.9 -0.3 -0.2 0.6 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 0.67.6 Private consumption deflator 3.6 18.2 15.7 4.6 2.8 3.2 -0.4 -1.7 -0.8 0.6 0.3 0.6 -0.6 0.57.7 Terms of trade 0.0 -1.3 1.5 0.5 0.6 -0.2 0.3 4.8 -0.4 -0.4 -1.9 -1.5 0.8 -0.6


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 45.3 46.3 49.9 55.6 53.6 49.0 47.4 46.9 46.3 55.2 49.08.2 Total revenue : : : 39.2 39.4 40.1 46.7 47.9 49.5 48.2 47.9 47.7 48.8 46.98.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) (d) : : : -6.1 -6.9 -9.8 -9.0 -5.6 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.5 -6.4 -2.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted (d) : : : -6.9 -7.9 -10.8 -1.6 0.7 6.2 5.3 4.4 3.8 0.4 1.08.5 Debt (end of period) (d) 15.9 48.9 99.0 104.9 107.4 146.2 178.9 175.9 178.5 176.2 181.2 176.6 196.4 182.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 13.6 : 9.0 4.5 5.5 13.8 9.7 8.4 6.0 4.2 2.6 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : 20.0 11.7 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : -2.6 1.7 2.7 13.2 9.7 8.6 6.3 4.5 2.9 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : -4.6 : 3.9 1.3 2.6 14.9 10.1 8.6 5.3 3.6 3.0 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 1.9 2.8 0.6 1.2 -1.5 2.5 1.7 3.9 0.0 1.6 0.49.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 101.8 103.7 109.0 106.7 100.0 101.2 101.8 103.7 101.6 101.0 99.7 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


171


84. Spain(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 7.2 1.5 2.9 3.8 3.5 0.7 -1.8 2.9 2.7 3.0 1.8 1.1 -10.7 8.91.2 Government consumption 4.5 4.8 4.7 3.1 4.8 4.5 -1.8 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.3 5.8 -0.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 10.5 -0.6 5.0 7.2 5.3 -3.5 -3.8 4.9 2.4 5.9 5.3 1.8 -20.7 10.31.4 of which equipment : -0.2 4.4 11.0 2.6 -2.5 -0.1 9.1 1.8 8.5 5.7 2.6 -23.0 12.01.5 of which construction : -1.0 5.4 5.4 6.0 -5.4 -7.2 1.5 1.6 5.9 6.6 0.8 -20.1 9.01.6 Exports of goods and services 11.9 6.0 6.4 10.2 3.0 1.7 4.5 4.3 5.4 5.6 2.2 2.6 -19.8 11.91.7 Imports of goods and services 17.3 2.5 11.7 11.5 6.0 -0.8 -0.1 5.1 2.6 6.6 3.3 1.2 -21.1 12.41.8 GDP 7.2 1.8 3.0 4.1 3.3 1.0 -1.0 3.8 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.0 -9.4 7.0


2.1 Consumption 5.4 1.6 2.5 2.8 2.9 1.2 -1.4 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.1 -5.1 4.92.2 Investment 2.2 -0.1 1.1 1.7 1.4 -0.8 -0.8 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.3 -4.1 1.82.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.9 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 7.8 1.4 3.6 4.5 4.2 0.4 -2.3 3.9 2.0 3.0 2.6 1.5 -9.2 6.72.5 Exports 1.2 0.8 1.1 2.5 0.8 0.4 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.9 0.8 0.9 -6.9 3.62.6 Final demand 9.0 2.2 4.8 7.0 5.0 0.8 -0.9 5.4 3.8 4.9 3.4 2.4 -16.1 10.32.7 Imports -1.8 -0.4 -1.8 -2.9 -1.7 0.2 0.0 -1.5 -0.8 -2.0 -1.0 -0.4 6.8 -3.32.8 Net exports -0.6 0.5 -0.6 -0.4 -0.9 0.6 1.3 -0.1 1.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 -0.1 0.3


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 20.9 18.4 19.2 23.4 24.0 24.3 23.2 22.8 23.7 29.1 25.93.2 Net savings of households : : : 4.2 3.6 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 0.7 0.9 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.1 4.3 0.8 -4.6 -3.0 -2.4 -1.1 -0.5 -0.9 -7.8 -4.73.4 National savings 25.4 22.5 21.9 22.0 22.7 20.0 18.8 21.0 21.9 22.1 22.3 22.9 21.2 21.23.5 Gross capital formation 27.8 24.7 23.9 24.2 27.7 27.0 18.5 19.0 18.8 19.4 20.4 20.8 18.0 18.53.6 Current account -0.7 -1.5 -1.9 -2.2 -4.9 -7.0 0.3 2.0 3.2 2.7 1.9 2.0 3.2 2.7


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 78.1 79.8 79.4 76.6 73.5 77.7 78.6 78.7 79.4 80.3 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.1 0.5 -1.7 0.8 3.7 -2.6 -0.6 1.4 2.8 3.4 3.1 -9.2 -6.24.3 Potential GDP gap : -1.5 -0.1 -0.4 2.5 0.1 -6.6 -3.2 -0.9 1.0 2.1 2.3 -7.3 -2.44.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 86.6 110.6 116.8 119.9 105.7 101.4 110.1 115.1 117.9 117.5 114.5 99.2 111.8

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 4.6 3.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.2 0.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.45.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.9 5.0 2.0 0.0 1.7 4.3 3.4 -2.4 -2.0 -1.8 -1.3 -0.8 9.7 -5.25.4 Labour productivity growth 6.5 3.2 1.4 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.7 0.85.5 Total factor productivity growth 4.9 1.3 0.6 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.0 -4.3 3.0


6.1 Employment 0.7 -1.3 1.6 3.8 3.4 -0.2 -2.0 2.8 2.1 2.7 2.2 2.1 -5.6 2.96.2 Activity rate 65.0 60.8 62.7 66.6 70.4 74.8 76.4 76.7 76.3 76.1 75.8 75.9 75.9 76.16.3 Employment rate 63.8 55.0 51.8 55.4 63.3 65.2 58.3 60.1 61.5 63.1 64.3 65.3 61.6 63.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : 49.8 53.0 59.7 60.1 52.4 53.8 55.4 57.0 58.2 59.2 54.1 57.2 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 2.6 10.4 19.0 18.2 10.8 13.2 24.2 22.1 19.6 17.2 15.3 14.1 18.9 17.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 14.6 18.0 7.7 2.8 3.3 4.3 0.4 0.6 -0.6 0.7 1.0 2.0 0.5 0.77.2 Real wages per head (b) 7.6 2.4 1.6 0.1 0.0 2.0 -1.0 0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -0.4 0.8 0.7 -0.47.3 Nominal unit labour costs 7.6 14.3 6.3 2.4 2.8 2.7 -1.2 -0.1 -0.8 0.7 1.2 2.3 1.3 -0.27.4 Real unit labour costs 0.5 -0.6 -0.1 -0.5 -1.2 0.7 -1.3 -0.6 -1.1 -0.7 0.1 0.7 1.1 -1.27.5 GDP deflator 7.2 15.0 6.4 2.8 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.6 0.2 1.07.6 Private consumption deflator 6.5 15.3 6.1 2.7 3.3 2.3 1.4 -0.1 0.2 1.6 1.5 1.2 -0.2 1.17.7 Terms of trade 3.0 -2.2 4.0 0.2 1.3 0.3 -1.0 0.5 0.4 -0.8 -1.6 -0.9 1.7 -0.2


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 40.9 38.5 42.3 46.4 43.9 42.4 41.2 41.7 41.9 49.7 45.68.2 Total revenue : : : 37.9 38.5 38.0 38.1 38.7 38.1 38.2 39.2 39.1 39.6 38.98.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.9 0.0 -4.3 -8.4 -5.2 -4.3 -3.0 -2.5 -2.8 -10.1 -6.78.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -2.7 -1.5 -4.4 -4.4 -3.3 -3.8 -3.6 -3.8 -4.2 -5.8 -5.28.5 Debt (end of period) 12.0 40.2 61.5 57.8 42.4 60.5 100.7 99.3 99.2 98.6 97.6 95.5 115.6 113.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate : : 11.9 6.0 4.3 4.1 4.6 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.4 0.7 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : 12.5 4.9 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : -0.6 1.1 1.5 1.3 4.0 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.0 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : : 5.2 3.1 0.3 2.1 4.6 1.2 1.1 0.2 0.3 -0.9 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.6 1.9 0.4 0.4 -2.9 2.2 1.4 2.5 -0.5 1.0 0.39.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 94.5 99.3 106.7 104.7 100.0 100.8 102.2 104.2 102.5 102.4 101.9 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


172


85. France(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.4 2.5 2.1 2.7 2.1 1.5 0.4 1.5 1.8 1.4 0.9 1.2 -9.3 8.91.2 Government consumption 5.6 3.8 2.4 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.5 0.8 1.4 2.8 0.01.3 Gross fixed capital formation 7.4 0.3 2.5 4.4 1.9 0.5 0.4 1.0 2.7 4.7 2.8 3.6 -13.3 14.01.4 of which equipment 8.9 1.3 3.7 7.8 0.3 0.2 0.5 4.1 6.1 1.1 2.0 3.5 -14.8 13.21.5 of which construction 7.0 -0.8 1.4 2.8 2.4 -0.3 -0.6 -1.3 0.9 5.4 2.1 3.2 -15.3 17.81.6 Exports of goods and services 9.4 4.8 5.3 8.8 2.7 1.2 3.6 4.6 1.8 3.9 3.5 2.0 -12.0 8.81.7 Imports of goods and services 10.9 3.4 5.3 8.8 3.5 2.2 3.3 5.9 2.9 3.9 1.2 2.2 -11.8 10.61.8 GDP 5.7 2.3 2.3 2.9 1.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 2.3 1.7 1.3 -8.2 7.4


2.1 Consumption 3.9 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.2 0.5 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.0 -4.3 4.72.2 Investment 1.9 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.8 -3.1 3.12.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.8 0.22.4 Domestic demand 5.8 2.1 2.3 2.8 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.5 2.3 1.0 1.4 -8.3 7.92.5 Exports 1.4 1.0 1.1 2.2 0.7 0.3 1.0 1.4 0.5 1.2 1.1 0.6 -3.8 2.52.6 Final demand 7.2 3.0 3.5 5.0 2.6 1.4 2.0 2.9 2.0 3.5 2.1 2.0 -12.0 10.42.7 Imports -1.5 -0.7 -1.1 -2.0 -0.9 -0.6 -1.0 -1.8 -0.9 -1.2 -0.4 -0.7 3.8 -3.02.8 Net exports -0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 0.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.5


3.1 Private sector savings : : 19.6 20.9 21.6 22.0 21.2 21.5 21.4 21.1 21.1 22.4 26.9 23.13.2 Net savings of households : : 4.5 5.3 5.7 5.9 5.6 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : 1.8 2.1 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.7 1.2 -5.3 -0.13.4 National savings 27.5 22.9 21.5 22.9 22.9 22.5 21.6 22.2 22.0 22.8 22.9 23.6 21.6 23.13.5 Gross capital formation 27.3 24.4 22.2 20.7 21.8 23.0 22.7 22.7 22.6 23.4 23.5 23.7 21.8 23.43.6 Current account 0.2 -1.5 -0.7 2.2 1.1 -0.5 -1.1 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 82.8 85.9 84.0 84.6 82.2 82.0 82.6 83.2 84.7 85.9 84.5 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.1 0.1 -0.6 0.5 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.1 1.5 2.6 3.4 -5.6 0.94.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 1.6 0.5 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 0.2 1.0 1.1 -7.9 -2.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 79.2 106.2 124.3 124.3 110.7 94.6 96.7 95.9 95.3 93.4 96.0 73.4 93.3

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.9 3.1 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 0.5 1.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.25.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.4 2.9 1.9 0.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 10.6 -7.85.4 Labour productivity growth 5.1 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.4 0.8 0.1 0.9 -2.35.5 Total factor productivity growth 3.4 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.5 -0.1 -2.9 0.7


6.1 Employment 0.6 0.2 0.5 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.2 -1.2 1.06.2 Activity rate 66.2 66.3 67.0 70.1 71.2 71.1 72.6 73.8 74.2 74.6 75.2 75.9 76.4 76.96.3 Employment rate 66.1 63.6 60.9 62.6 64.7 64.5 64.8 65.5 66.0 66.9 67.7 68.7 67.9 68.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate 64.1 61.3 58.5 58.9 61.2 61.3 61.2 61.8 62.2 62.9 63.7 64.6 58.8 64.7 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 5.3 9.0 10.0 8.4 8.5 9.9 10.4 10.0 9.4 9.0 8.5 10.1 9.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.1 12.6 3.5 2.1 2.9 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.3 2.0 1.8 0.2 6.0 -6.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.2 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.3 -1.0 5.4 -6.97.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.8 10.3 1.5 0.5 2.0 2.1 1.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.1 5.1 -3.77.4 Real unit labour costs -0.2 0.1 -1.0 -0.5 0.1 0.5 0.4 -0.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 -1.3 3.7 -4.67.5 GDP deflator 4.9 10.2 2.5 1.0 1.9 1.6 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.5 1.3 0.97.6 Private consumption deflator 4.7 10.5 2.3 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.8 1.4 1.1 0.6 1.07.7 Terms of trade 0.3 -1.8 0.9 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 3.2 1.0 -1.3 -1.3 1.0 1.3 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : 52.2 53.3 52.8 54.6 57.0 56.8 56.7 56.5 55.7 55.6 62.7 57.18.2 Total revenue : : 48.6 50.8 49.7 50.1 52.4 53.2 53.0 53.5 53.4 52.6 52.9 53.18.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 0.1 -1.8 -3.6 -2.6 -3.1 -4.5 -4.5 -3.6 -3.6 -2.9 -2.3 -3.0 -9.9 -4.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : -1.6 -3.4 -2.2 -4.1 -4.8 -3.7 -2.8 -2.9 -3.1 -2.9 -3.7 -4.9 -2.68.5 Debt (end of period) : 31.0 56.1 58.9 67.4 85.3 94.9 95.6 98.0 98.3 98.1 98.1 116.5 111.9


9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.7 11.7 8.5 5.3 4.3 3.8 2.4 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.1 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 5.7 11.0 8.5 3.7 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.0 0.7 0.0 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.8 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.5 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.7 1.4 5.9 4.3 2.3 2.1 1.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.0 -1.3 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.6 2.2 0.3 0.3 -3.8 2.1 1.4 2.7 -0.8 0.7 0.29.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 108.2 107.2 109.7 104.7 100.0 101.4 102.0 104.6 103.1 103.2 102.6 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


173


86. Italy(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.8 2.6 2.2 2.7 0.7 0.2 -1.5 1.8 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.4 -10.9 7.31.2 Government consumption 5.6 3.6 1.4 1.4 1.9 0.4 -1.4 -0.6 0.7 -0.1 0.1 -0.4 2.6 -0.61.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.7 0.2 1.2 3.9 1.8 -1.9 -5.0 1.8 4.0 3.2 3.1 1.4 -14.2 13.01.4 of which equipment : 2.5 3.2 6.0 0.9 -1.2 -4.6 4.6 8.0 6.4 4.0 0.3 -20.7 19.71.5 of which construction 5.1 0.1 0.7 2.0 2.9 -3.1 -7.1 -1.4 0.0 1.5 2.8 2.6 -9.2 8.21.6 Exports of goods and services 10.5 4.4 5.5 4.0 1.5 0.5 2.6 4.3 1.9 5.4 2.3 1.2 -13.0 10.51.7 Imports of goods and services 10.4 2.6 4.9 6.6 2.3 1.3 -1.8 6.5 3.9 6.1 3.4 -0.4 -13.6 12.21.8 GDP 5.9 2.5 2.1 2.1 0.9 -0.3 -1.0 0.8 1.3 1.7 0.8 0.3 -9.5 6.5


2.1 Consumption 4.2 2.1 1.5 1.8 0.8 0.2 -1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.2 -6.1 4.12.2 Investment 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.4 -0.4 -0.9 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 -2.6 2.22.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.32.4 Domestic demand 5.8 2.2 2.0 2.5 1.1 -0.1 -2.2 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.1 -0.2 -9.3 6.62.5 Exports 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.7 1.2 0.6 1.6 0.7 0.4 -4.1 3.22.6 Final demand 7.3 3.1 3.0 3.4 1.5 0.0 -1.5 2.5 2.3 3.3 1.7 0.2 -13.4 9.82.7 Imports -1.4 -0.5 -0.9 -1.4 -0.6 -0.3 0.5 -1.7 -1.0 -1.6 -0.9 0.1 3.9 -3.22.8 Net exports 0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2 1.2 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 21.2 20.3 18.1 17.9 17.6 19.7 19.6 19.9 19.4 26.2 22.83.2 Net savings of households : : 15.3 7.7 6.0 4.4 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.2 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.6 -6.6 -2.03.4 National savings 19.6 21.6 18.2 21.5 20.7 19.0 18.0 18.5 20.2 20.6 20.8 20.9 19.6 20.83.5 Gross capital formation 25.5 25.4 21.7 19.9 21.2 21.2 18.0 17.1 17.6 18.1 18.3 18.0 16.2 17.53.6 Current account 1.3 -0.7 -0.4 1.5 -0.5 -2.2 0.0 1.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.3


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 76.0 76.3 76.0 73.4 72.7 75.5 76.2 76.9 78.0 77.5 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.3 0.2 -0.6 0.6 1.0 -1.7 -1.6 0.0 2.0 3.1 3.8 -5.6 0.94.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.9 -0.1 -0.2 1.2 0.3 -3.3 -3.5 -2.0 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 -9.2 -3.94.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 69.0 93.0 118.2 119.5 99.8 85.0 87.1 92.8 96.6 95.3 93.8 78.2 90.4

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 5.1 3.4 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.7 0.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.55.3 Growth of capital intensity 5.3 2.4 2.3 0.9 1.2 1.6 0.9 -1.0 -1.5 -0.8 -0.7 -0.1 7.4 -5.25.4 Labour productivity growth 6.1 1.6 2.2 1.3 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 -2.2 1.05.5 Total factor productivity growth 4.0 0.6 1.3 0.9 -0.3 -0.6 -0.5 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.1 -4.8 3.1


6.1 Employment -0.3 0.6 0.1 1.0 1.3 0.2 -0.4 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 -1.9 1.56.2 Activity rate 59.2 61.0 62.4 63.8 67.6 68.7 69.1 69.2 70.4 70.9 71.3 71.4 71.6 72.06.3 Employment rate 58.7 58.0 57.4 58.0 62.9 65.0 63.1 62.7 63.8 64.8 65.5 66.1 65.0 66.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : 59.8 59.7 59.7 63.3 64.0 60.7 59.9 61.0 61.7 62.4 62.7 58.1 61.5 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.0 6.9 9.7 11.5 8.6 7.2 11.0 11.9 11.7 11.2 10.6 10.0 11.8 10.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.4 18.2 6.9 2.9 3.4 2.7 0.7 1.0 0.1 0.6 2.1 1.6 -0.5 0.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.9 1.6 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.9 -1.0 0.8 0.0 -0.4 1.2 1.0 -0.2 0.17.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.0 16.3 4.6 1.6 3.3 2.7 0.8 0.9 0.2 -0.3 2.0 1.5 1.8 -0.27.4 Real unit labour costs -0.4 -0.2 -1.4 -1.0 0.4 0.9 -0.5 -0.1 -1.0 -1.0 1.1 0.6 0.9 -1.17.5 GDP deflator 5.4 16.5 6.1 2.6 2.8 1.8 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.97.6 Private consumption deflator 5.2 16.3 6.1 2.5 2.6 1.8 1.7 0.2 0.1 1.1 0.9 0.5 -0.3 0.77.7 Terms of trade -0.8 -1.0 1.2 0.0 0.1 -0.5 0.0 2.3 3.3 -1.5 -0.8 0.8 2.6 0.4




9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.9 14.6 12.0 6.3 4.5 4.3 4.5 1.7 1.5 2.1 2.6 2.0 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.2 15.5 11.6 5.5 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.7 -0.8 0.4 0.7 1.6 1.5 3.9 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.3 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.5 -1.6 5.6 3.6 1.6 2.4 3.2 0.8 0.4 1.4 1.7 1.0 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 2.6 2.4 0.3 0.6 -3.3 2.1 1.4 3.0 -0.8 0.9 0.39.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 100.0 103.3 106.7 103.9 100.0 100.9 101.6 103.5 101.2 100.6 99.7 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


174


87. Cyprus(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 8.2 -6.5 4.6 -0.9 -2.8 -7.0 0.2 2.8 4.4 4.5 3.3 3.0 -6.7 5.11.2 Government consumption 6.4 6.3 0.7 1.6 -2.4 -4.8 -7.5 0.5 -0.9 2.1 3.5 11.3 16.6 3.71.3 Gross fixed capital formation 8.4 -13.6 -1.4 -11.7 -19.7 -15.6 -10.9 -0.2 48.9 24.1 -6.6 0.1 -6.1 5.31.4 of which equipment 33.9 -14.2 4.0 -20.5 -23.0 -9.6 -18.3 10.5 121.6 20.7 -31.9 -15.0 -9.0 12.51.5 of which construction 0.6 -15.2 -4.6 -11.0 -19.2 -24.2 -13.8 -7.8 24.6 24.6 18.8 10.9 -6.0 3.41.6 Exports of goods and services -0.6 -4.7 6.1 7.0 -0.5 1.2 6.2 9.9 7.2 8.7 4.6 2.0 -21.8 16.81.7 Imports of goods and services 13.0 -15.3 10.8 -2.6 -3.6 -4.6 7.6 8.1 9.0 12.8 2.4 1.5 -15.2 13.71.8 GDP 3.6 -2.0 2.0 0.4 -3.4 -6.6 -1.9 3.4 6.7 4.4 4.1 3.2 -7.4 6.1


2.1 Consumption 6.3 -3.3 3.0 -0.3 -2.3 -5.6 -1.2 2.0 2.8 3.3 2.7 3.6 -1.6 4.12.2 Investment 2.2 -3.7 -0.3 -2.6 -3.7 -2.4 -1.5 0.0 6.2 4.3 -1.4 0.0 -1.2 1.02.3 Stockbuilding 3.0 -2.3 2.2 -1.7 0.8 -1.8 1.6 0.1 -1.2 -0.5 1.2 -0.7 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 11.5 -9.3 4.9 -4.6 -5.2 -9.8 -1.2 2.1 7.8 7.0 2.5 2.9 -2.8 5.12.5 Exports -0.3 -2.3 3.0 3.5 -0.3 0.6 3.8 6.6 5.0 6.2 3.3 1.4 -15.5 9.62.6 Final demand 11.2 -11.6 7.9 -1.1 -5.5 -9.2 2.7 8.7 12.9 13.2 5.8 4.3 -18.3 14.82.7 Imports -7.5 9.6 -5.8 1.5 2.1 2.6 -4.5 -5.3 -6.1 -8.8 -1.8 -1.1 10.9 -8.62.8 Net exports -7.8 7.3 -2.8 5.0 1.8 3.2 -0.7 1.3 -1.1 -2.7 1.6 0.3 -4.6 1.0


3.1 Private sector savings 9.5 16.7 12.8 18.1 14.8 13.4 6.5 10.1 9.7 10.3 9.3 8.8 13.3 8.73.2 Net savings of households -1.5 3.4 -0.7 -0.4 -2.4 -6.0 -6.7 -5.6 -3.5 -1.8 -2.5 : : 3.3 General government savings 4.7 -0.5 0.5 -1.5 -2.5 -2.0 2.7 2.5 3.1 4.5 5.4 4.6 -5.2 0.33.4 National savings 14.2 16.2 13.3 16.6 12.3 11.5 9.2 12.6 12.8 14.8 14.7 13.4 8.1 9.03.5 Gross capital formation 29.0 22.9 24.0 18.9 16.2 12.9 13.3 13.1 17.0 19.9 19.1 19.1 19.0 19.13.6 Current account -14.7 -6.7 -10.7 -2.3 -3.9 -1.5 -4.1 -0.5 -4.2 -5.1 -4.4 -5.7 -10.9 -10.1


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 71.1 65.2 62.7 61.3 56.8 49.6 53.9 57.9 59.7 59.4 61.7 63.8 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 6.8 3.2 4.2 3.9 -0.1 -7.0 -9.3 -7.0 -1.9 1.0 3.6 5.3 -4.0 0.34.3 Potential GDP gap 5.0 0.2 -0.1 -1.3 -4.7 -9.5 -9.4 -5.3 0.1 2.5 4.6 5.9 -3.5 0.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 7.3 5.0 4.4 2.9 1.2 0.2 -0.4 -0.2 2.1 3.8 3.2 3.0 2.3 2.55.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.6 5.0 3.7 2.6 4.9 6.1 1.7 -1.8 -2.4 -1.4 -0.9 -0.2 5.0 0.25.4 Labour productivity growth 0.1 -2.0 1.4 0.1 0.1 -1.0 0.1 1.8 2.0 -0.9 0.0 0.1 -5.0 3.75.5 Total factor productivity growth -1.6 -4.3 -0.4 -1.1 -2.2 -3.8 -0.6 2.7 3.2 -0.2 0.4 0.2 -7.2 3.6


6.1 Employment 3.5 0.0 0.6 0.3 -3.5 -5.6 -2.0 1.6 4.7 5.3 4.1 3.1 -2.5 2.36.2 Activity rate 76.9 75.7 74.5 73.9 73.3 73.1 73.5 74.4 75.9 77.8 78.1 78.6 76.5 76.56.3 Employment rate 74.2 71.8 70.0 68.2 64.8 61.7 61.7 63.6 66.6 69.7 71.8 73.2 70.2 70.9 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 3.7 5.4 6.3 7.9 11.9 15.9 16.1 15.0 13.0 11.1 8.4 7.1 8.6 7.5 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 3.2 5.6 0.8 2.3 1.7 -5.3 -3.7 -1.4 -0.9 1.0 0.5 2.9 -5.4 6.67.2 Real wages per head (b) -1.4 5.3 -1.8 -0.7 -0.8 -5.1 -3.0 0.6 0.6 0.1 -1.1 2.5 -5.2 5.57.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.1 7.8 -0.6 2.2 1.6 -4.3 -3.8 -3.1 -2.9 1.9 0.6 2.8 -0.4 2.77.4 Real unit labour costs -1.5 7.5 -2.4 0.5 0.0 -3.4 -2.4 -2.2 -2.1 0.2 -0.8 2.2 -0.9 1.87.5 GDP deflator 4.7 0.3 1.9 1.6 1.7 -0.9 -1.4 -0.9 -0.8 1.7 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.97.6 Private consumption deflator 4.7 0.3 2.7 3.0 2.6 -0.2 -0.7 -2.0 -1.5 0.9 1.7 0.4 -0.2 1.07.7 Terms of trade -1.4 0.4 -0.6 -0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.8 -0.5 -2.0 -0.4 -0.8


8.1 Total expenditure 38.4 42.1 41.8 42.2 42.0 43.2 49.4 40.6 37.4 36.8 43.4 39.5 49.9 45.98.2 Total revenue 39.3 36.7 37.1 36.5 36.4 37.4 40.6 39.7 37.7 38.8 39.8 41.2 42.9 44.28.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 0.9 -5.4 -4.7 -5.7 -5.6 -5.8 -8.7 -1.0 0.3 2.0 -3.7 1.7 -7.0 -1.88.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -1.7 -5.5 -4.6 -5.0 -3.2 -1.0 -4.0 1.7 0.2 0.7 -6.0 -1.2 -5.2 -2.18.5 Debt (end of period) 45.5 54.3 56.4 65.9 80.3 104.0 109.2 107.5 103.4 93.9 100.6 95.5 115.7 105.0


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.8 7.0 6.5 6.0 4.5 3.8 2.6 2.2 1.1 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.6 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.0 3.4 3.8 4.4 6.4 6.3 5.8 4.6 4.0 3.0 2.5 1.4 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -0.1 4.3 2.7 4.1 5.2 7.5 7.5 5.5 4.6 0.9 0.8 0.5 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 3.1 2.3 -3.5 0.4 -2.6 2.4 0.7 -4.2 2.3 1.8 2.9 -0.6 0.8 0.39.6 Real effective exchange rate 112.1 113.3 108.7 108.7 106.5 107.7 106.9 100.0 99.9 100.3 101.9 99.8 99.3 98.8 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


175


88. Latvia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption -7.9 -16.2 1.8 3.7 3.6 5.7 1.1 2.5 1.5 3.1 4.2 2.9 -6.1 7.01.2 Government consumption 2.3 -9.8 -8.3 2.7 0.4 1.2 2.1 3.0 2.9 3.2 4.0 2.6 2.9 2.01.3 Gross fixed capital formation -10.2 -34.6 -19.7 23.8 16.1 -5.9 -0.3 -1.2 -8.2 11.3 15.8 3.1 -12.0 9.21.4 of which equipment -6.3 -61.7 2.3 43.3 12.4 -5.4 -10.9 -1.1 11.2 9.3 13.1 2.0 -15.0 12.01.5 of which construction -13.5 -16.6 -30.3 14.1 21.4 -10.0 8.9 -1.1 -20.8 14.2 19.9 2.8 -10.4 8.01.6 Exports of goods and services 2.4 -12.9 13.4 12.0 9.8 1.1 6.5 2.9 4.0 6.4 4.0 2.0 -10.3 7.81.7 Imports of goods and services -10.7 -31.7 12.4 22.0 5.4 0.4 3.0 1.7 3.8 8.4 6.4 2.3 -8.3 8.01.8 GDP -3.3 -14.2 -4.5 6.3 4.1 2.3 1.9 3.3 1.8 3.8 4.3 2.2 -7.0 6.4


2.1 Consumption -4.4 -11.3 -0.5 2.8 2.3 3.7 1.0 2.1 1.4 2.5 3.3 2.2 -3.1 4.62.2 Investment -3.7 -11.1 -4.4 4.6 3.6 -1.5 -0.1 -0.3 -1.8 2.2 3.3 0.7 -2.7 1.92.3 Stockbuilding -2.4 -3.4 0.2 4.6 -4.0 -0.3 -1.0 0.7 2.1 0.2 -0.7 -0.5 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand -10.4 -25.8 -4.7 12.0 1.9 1.9 -0.1 2.5 1.7 4.9 5.8 2.4 -5.8 6.52.5 Exports 0.9 -5.1 5.7 6.5 5.6 0.7 3.9 1.8 2.4 3.9 2.5 1.2 -6.2 4.42.6 Final demand -9.5 -30.8 1.0 18.4 7.5 2.6 3.8 4.3 4.1 8.8 8.3 3.6 -12.0 10.92.7 Imports 6.2 16.6 -5.5 -12.1 -3.4 -0.2 -1.9 -1.1 -2.4 -5.0 -4.0 -1.4 5.0 -4.52.8 Net exports 7.1 11.5 0.2 -5.7 2.3 0.4 2.0 0.7 0.1 -1.1 -1.5 -0.2 -1.2 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings 22.4 34.9 25.4 21.3 20.5 19.5 19.5 19.7 19.2 19.5 18.9 19.4 24.2 23.03.2 Net savings of households 1.7 3.8 -1.5 -8.6 -8.2 -8.8 -7.4 -4.9 -2.9 -2.9 -1.5 : : 3.3 General government savings 0.1 -5.0 -3.5 1.0 2.1 2.1 1.5 2.0 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.4 -2.9 -0.93.4 National savings 22.5 29.9 21.8 22.2 22.7 21.6 21.0 21.7 22.2 22.9 22.7 22.7 21.3 22.13.5 Gross capital formation 35.2 22.1 20.0 25.4 26.2 24.1 23.2 22.6 20.8 21.9 23.0 22.1 20.3 20.83.6 Current account -12.7 7.8 1.9 -3.1 -3.5 -2.5 -2.3 -0.9 1.4 1.0 -0.7 0.6 1.1 1.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 66.3 54.0 62.8 67.3 70.9 72.1 72.4 71.5 72.6 74.4 76.3 76.3 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 13.1 -4.8 -10.5 -6.1 -3.6 -2.8 -2.5 -1.0 -1.1 0.6 2.8 2.9 -6.3 -2.54.3 Potential GDP gap 3.6 -10.7 -12.8 -6.2 -2.4 -0.8 -0.4 0.9 0.9 2.5 4.0 3.5 -5.7 -1.84.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 9.6 -1.1 -4.8 -2.1 0.4 -1.2 -1.5 -1.7 -3.8 -1.8 1.3 1.8 -2.0 0.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 10.5 15.5 2.0 -3.5 -1.0 -3.4 -0.2 -3.1 -3.5 -1.8 -0.3 1.9 0.7 -0.15.4 Labour productivity growth -2.5 0.1 2.3 4.7 2.6 0.0 3.3 1.8 2.1 3.8 2.6 2.3 -4.4 5.55.5 Total factor productivity growth -7.3 -6.9 1.3 6.6 3.2 1.8 3.4 3.4 3.9 4.7 2.8 1.3 -4.7 5.5


6.1 Employment -0.8 -14.3 -6.7 1.5 1.4 2.3 -1.4 1.4 -0.3 0.0 1.6 -0.1 -2.6 0.96.2 Activity rate 77.1 75.9 74.7 74.4 75.9 76.0 75.8 77.1 78.2 79.0 80.3 80.3 80.4 81.56.3 Employment rate 71.2 62.6 60.2 62.3 64.5 67.0 67.6 69.5 70.7 72.2 74.4 75.3 73.5 74.8 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 7.7 17.5 19.5 16.2 15.0 11.9 10.8 9.9 9.6 8.7 7.4 6.3 8.6 8.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 17.7 -10.9 -6.6 2.3 7.5 5.5 8.5 7.7 7.3 7.6 8.5 8.8 0.3 3.97.2 Real wages per head (b) 3.8 -7.5 -4.2 -3.6 4.2 5.4 6.7 8.8 6.1 4.4 5.5 5.7 0.1 1.97.3 Nominal unit labour costs 20.7 -11.0 -8.7 -2.3 4.8 5.5 5.0 5.8 5.1 3.7 5.7 6.4 5.0 -1.57.4 Real unit labour costs 8.1 -1.5 -8.3 -8.1 1.1 3.8 3.2 5.8 4.2 0.7 1.6 3.6 3.5 -3.77.5 GDP deflator 11.7 -9.7 -0.4 6.4 3.6 1.6 1.8 0.0 0.9 3.0 4.0 2.6 1.4 2.37.6 Private consumption deflator 13.4 -3.7 -2.5 6.1 3.2 0.1 1.7 -1.0 1.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 0.2 1.97.7 Terms of trade -1.8 0.2 0.1 3.0 -2.8 0.6 -0.9 0.6 3.0 0.5 1.8 0.7 1.7 0.6


8.1 Total expenditure 38.5 45.3 46.1 41.1 38.8 38.4 38.7 38.7 37.6 39.0 39.5 38.9 45.1 41.58.2 Total revenue 34.2 35.7 37.5 36.8 37.4 37.2 37.1 37.3 37.8 38.2 38.7 38.7 37.8 37.08.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -4.3 -9.6 -8.7 -4.3 -1.4 -1.2 -1.6 -1.4 0.2 -0.8 -0.8 -0.2 -7.3 -4.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -5.6 -5.6 -3.8 -1.9 -0.5 -0.9 -1.4 -1.8 -0.2 -1.7 -2.4 -1.5 -5.2 -3.88.5 Debt (end of period) 18.6 36.9 48.1 43.9 42.4 40.3 41.6 37.3 40.9 39.3 37.2 36.9 43.1 43.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.4 12.4 10.3 5.9 4.6 3.3 2.5 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.3 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 8.0 13.1 2.0 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -1.6 -0.7 8.4 5.0 3.7 3.0 2.3 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.7 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -4.7 24.5 10.8 -0.5 0.9 1.7 0.7 1.0 -0.3 -2.1 -3.0 -2.2 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 1.6 4.9 -4.2 0.6 -0.6 1.9 4.5 3.7 3.0 -0.6 3.5 -0.2 2.3 0.69.6 Real effective exchange rate 101.6 106.8 98.4 99.1 97.6 96.7 99.3 100.0 101.3 101.3 105.0 105.2 106.2 106.6 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


176


89. Lithuania(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 3.9 -17.4 -3.7 4.3 3.1 4.4 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.2 -9.9 7.81.2 Government consumption 0.2 -1.3 -3.2 -0.4 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation -4.0 -38.9 1.5 20.1 -1.8 8.3 5.7 4.9 3.4 8.2 8.4 7.4 -5.0 7.91.4 of which equipment -17.5 -49.9 20.7 36.4 2.1 12.3 0.1 13.7 14.6 9.2 7.3 4.6 -15.4 16.71.5 of which construction 0.6 -37.0 -7.1 14.5 -4.4 8.0 8.4 0.1 -4.4 6.3 9.8 9.4 4.0 4.01.6 Exports of goods and services 13.5 -12.8 15.9 14.5 10.8 7.3 -1.8 2.4 4.9 13.6 6.3 9.3 -12.5 13.51.7 Imports of goods and services 12.2 -28.0 16.5 14.2 5.2 5.8 -1.7 9.4 4.0 11.5 6.0 6.7 -12.0 12.81.8 GDP 2.6 -14.8 1.5 6.0 3.8 3.6 3.5 2.0 2.6 4.2 3.6 3.9 -7.9 7.4


2.1 Consumption 2.5 -11.5 -3.2 2.7 2.2 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.1 -5.9 4.72.2 Investment -1.1 -10.1 0.3 3.4 -0.3 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 -1.1 1.72.3 Stockbuilding 2.2 -5.1 5.0 0.0 -2.0 -1.9 0.2 3.4 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -1.8 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 3.6 -26.7 2.1 6.1 -0.2 2.4 3.7 6.9 1.9 2.7 3.3 1.8 -6.9 6.42.5 Exports 6.8 -7.3 8.2 9.3 7.9 5.7 -1.4 1.8 3.4 9.2 4.6 7.1 -9.8 9.72.6 Final demand 10.4 -34.1 10.3 15.4 7.8 8.1 2.2 8.6 5.3 11.9 7.9 8.9 -16.7 16.12.7 Imports -7.7 19.2 -8.8 -9.4 -3.9 -4.5 1.3 -6.6 -2.8 -7.7 -4.3 -4.9 8.8 -8.72.8 Net exports -0.9 11.9 -0.6 -0.1 4.0 1.2 -0.1 -4.8 0.6 1.5 0.4 2.1 -1.0 1.0


3.1 Private sector savings 13.0 20.2 22.4 20.5 19.2 21.1 21.6 16.5 15.1 16.2 16.8 18.0 23.0 21.53.2 Net savings of households -2.9 0.8 3.2 0.6 -0.4 -0.8 -2.1 -2.1 -0.5 -2.1 -3.0 : : 3.3 General government savings 1.7 -5.7 -4.1 -2.3 -1.0 0.0 1.4 2.3 3.0 3.5 3.3 2.6 -4.3 0.03.4 National savings 14.7 14.5 18.3 18.2 18.1 21.2 23.0 18.8 18.1 19.7 20.1 20.6 18.7 21.53.5 Gross capital formation 27.9 12.4 18.1 21.9 19.7 19.5 19.6 21.2 19.2 19.2 19.8 17.2 16.5 18.63.6 Current account -13.2 2.1 0.2 -3.7 -1.6 1.7 3.5 -2.4 -1.1 0.5 0.3 3.5 2.2 2.9


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 71.0 61.5 64.6 70.3 71.9 73.3 74.8 74.2 75.9 77.2 77.4 77.3 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 12.8 -6.5 -7.5 -4.3 -2.9 -1.8 -0.6 -0.9 -0.6 1.4 3.0 5.1 -4.9 0.44.3 Potential GDP gap 5.5 -10.9 -9.5 -5.0 -2.7 -1.1 0.4 0.5 1.4 3.5 4.4 4.6 -6.4 -2.94.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 8.1 1.5 1.3 2.9 2.3 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.7 5.0 3.9 4.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.15.3 Growth of capital intensity 9.6 9.9 6.8 2.3 0.4 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.2 4.9 3.3 4.5 7.6 2.25.4 Labour productivity growth 4.0 -7.7 7.0 5.4 1.9 2.2 1.4 0.6 0.3 5.0 2.2 3.4 -4.6 5.35.5 Total factor productivity growth -0.8 -12.1 3.5 4.2 1.7 1.4 0.9 -0.4 -0.3 2.5 0.6 1.1 -8.1 4.1


6.1 Employment -1.3 -7.7 -5.2 0.6 1.9 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.3 -0.7 1.4 0.5 -3.5 2.06.2 Activity rate 70.2 71.4 72.6 72.8 73.5 73.9 75.4 76.1 78.0 78.7 80.3 81.0 81.5 82.26.3 Employment rate 66.1 61.6 59.7 61.6 63.7 65.2 67.3 69.1 71.9 73.1 75.4 76.0 73.7 75.9 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.8 13.8 17.8 15.4 13.4 11.8 10.7 9.1 7.9 7.1 6.2 6.3 9.7 7.9 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 14.1 -9.3 -0.3 6.1 4.2 5.4 4.6 5.8 6.4 9.5 7.7 9.5 -8.2 7.47.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.9 -13.1 -1.5 1.6 1.0 4.5 4.6 6.8 5.4 5.8 4.9 7.4 -9.2 5.57.3 Nominal unit labour costs 9.7 -1.7 -6.8 0.6 2.2 3.1 3.1 5.1 6.1 4.3 5.3 5.9 -3.8 2.07.4 Real unit labour costs 0.0 1.7 -8.9 -4.5 -0.6 1.8 2.2 5.0 4.4 0.1 1.9 3.1 -5.6 -0.67.5 GDP deflator 9.7 -3.3 2.3 5.4 2.8 1.4 0.9 0.1 1.6 4.3 3.3 2.8 1.9 2.77.6 Private consumption deflator 10.9 4.3 1.3 4.4 3.1 0.9 0.0 -1.0 1.0 3.5 2.6 2.0 1.1 1.87.7 Terms of trade 3.6 -3.8 0.6 -0.8 -0.9 -0.3 0.8 2.6 1.7 0.3 -1.0 1.6 0.1 -0.7


8.1 Total expenditure 38.1 44.9 42.5 42.6 36.2 35.5 34.7 35.1 34.2 33.2 34.0 34.9 41.8 37.48.2 Total revenue 35.0 35.8 35.6 33.7 33.1 32.9 34.1 34.8 34.4 33.6 34.6 35.2 34.8 34.68.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -3.1 -9.1 -6.9 -9.0 -3.1 -2.6 -0.6 -0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.3 -6.9 -2.78.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -5.3 -4.8 -3.1 -7.0 -2.1 -2.2 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 -1.0 -1.2 -1.6 -4.4 -1.68.5 Debt (end of period) 14.6 28.0 36.3 37.2 39.8 38.7 40.6 42.6 39.7 39.1 33.8 36.3 48.5 48.4


9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.6 14.0 5.6 5.2 4.8 3.8 2.8 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 6.0 7.1 1.8 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.4 6.9 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.3 2.5 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -3.7 17.9 3.2 -0.2 2.0 2.4 1.9 1.3 -0.7 -3.8 -2.9 -2.4 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 1.7 5.8 -3.9 0.6 -2.1 2.7 5.3 5.4 3.3 -1.0 3.8 -0.4 2.5 0.69.6 Real effective exchange rate 96.4 103.0 97.6 98.0 96.1 96.9 99.5 100.0 102.0 102.5 106.5 105.9 107.8 107.7 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


177


90. Luxembourg(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.6 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.3 1.8 2.6 1.8 3.4 2.2 3.3 2.8 -4.1 4.61.2 Government consumption 3.4 2.4 5.3 4.5 4.5 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.0 4.7 4.1 4.8 6.3 4.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.9 -2.7 8.8 5.0 2.7 3.4 7.5 -7.7 4.6 5.6 -5.9 3.9 -12.0 8.51.4 of which equipment : -2.6 11.3 4.5 4.8 6.6 12.5 -16.3 -1.0 16.3 -22.2 12.5 -14.4 9.41.5 of which construction : -2.8 6.8 4.3 2.6 1.0 4.3 -3.0 9.5 -0.1 2.9 2.2 -10.8 8.21.6 Exports of goods and services 6.3 2.9 6.4 10.9 5.5 4.7 7.0 4.7 2.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 -11.5 8.41.7 Imports of goods and services 6.4 2.7 5.5 11.2 5.9 4.9 8.5 3.4 1.6 0.6 -0.3 0.9 -12.0 8.81.8 GDP 4.0 1.8 5.7 5.9 2.9 2.4 2.5 4.3 4.6 1.8 3.1 2.3 -5.4 5.7


2.1 Consumption 2.9 1.9 2.9 2.1 1.6 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.6 -0.1 2.22.2 Investment 1.5 -0.7 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 1.4 -1.5 0.8 1.0 -1.1 0.7 -2.0 1.32.3 Stockbuilding -0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 1.2 -0.2 -1.1 0.9 -0.2 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 4.0 1.5 4.6 3.8 2.1 1.4 2.6 0.4 1.8 1.4 1.5 2.1 -2.2 3.52.5 Exports 5.2 2.9 6.7 13.1 8.0 8.2 13.3 10.0 5.8 1.5 1.0 1.8 -24.0 16.12.6 Final demand 9.2 4.4 11.3 17.0 10.1 9.6 15.9 10.4 7.6 2.9 2.5 3.9 -26.2 19.62.7 Imports -5.1 -2.6 -5.6 -11.0 -7.1 -7.0 -13.3 -6.1 -3.1 -1.1 0.6 -1.6 20.8 -13.92.8 Net exports 0.1 0.3 1.2 2.1 0.8 1.1 -0.1 3.9 2.7 0.4 1.6 0.2 -3.2 2.2


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 21.7 20.7 15.2 13.4 13.8 12.6 11.5 9.5 14.6 19.7 15.53.2 Net savings of households : : : 4.3 4.8 4.5 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.7 5.7 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 8.2 6.9 7.1 5.6 5.9 6.6 6.2 8.1 7.3 1.1 5.53.4 National savings 34.5 39.3 38.5 30.0 27.7 22.2 19.0 19.6 19.2 17.7 17.5 21.9 20.8 21.03.5 Gross capital formation 23.6 20.2 23.8 21.9 20.6 18.5 19.4 19.3 19.0 18.6 17.6 17.4 16.3 16.53.6 Current account : : : 8.1 7.0 3.8 -0.4 0.3 0.2 -0.9 0.0 4.5 4.5 4.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 80.5 83.2 83.3 79.9 72.4 68.5 76.9 81.2 81.3 80.0 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -1.0 1.7 -1.6 0.5 1.0 -2.6 0.3 2.4 1.9 3.0 3.4 -3.8 0.14.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.4 1.0 0.9 1.0 -1.0 -3.7 -1.0 1.0 0.6 2.0 2.2 -4.8 -1.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 78.7 114.6 133.0 131.8 157.6 158.1 159.5 166.0 156.3 157.5 160.7 127.5 144.3

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.5 2.3 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.3 2.5 1.3 1.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.25.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.4 1.8 0.7 -0.5 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.5 0.1 -0.2 -1.3 -1.1 0.4 -1.25.4 Labour productivity growth 3.0 1.3 2.7 1.8 -0.2 -0.7 0.1 1.7 1.5 -1.6 -0.6 -1.3 -6.2 2.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.3 0.4 2.3 2.0 -0.2 -0.7 -0.6 1.5 1.5 -1.5 0.1 -0.8 -6.4 3.2


6.1 Employment 1.1 0.5 3.0 4.1 3.1 3.2 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.7 3.6 0.9 3.16.2 Activity rate 62.0 62.9 62.6 63.6 66.3 66.4 66.3 66.6 66.0 66.0 66.7 67.0 67.0 67.06.3 Employment rate 62.0 61.8 61.2 62.1 63.9 63.4 62.6 62.1 61.8 62.1 62.7 63.1 62.5 62.8 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 0.0 1.8 2.3 2.6 3.7 4.7 5.5 6.7 6.3 5.5 5.6 5.6 6.4 6.1 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 7.4 9.2 4.9 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.4 1.8 0.8 3.0 3.3 1.7 1.8 2.47.2 Real wages per head (b) 4.2 1.7 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.7 0.5 1.1 1.1 -0.3 0.1 0.47.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.3 7.8 2.1 1.4 3.4 3.7 2.3 0.1 -0.7 4.6 3.9 3.0 8.5 -0.27.4 Real unit labour costs -0.2 1.1 -0.5 -0.5 1.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -1.5 2.8 1.3 -0.4 8.1 -2.97.5 GDP deflator 4.4 6.7 2.7 1.9 2.4 3.5 2.9 0.2 0.8 1.7 2.5 3.4 0.4 2.87.6 Private consumption deflator 3.0 7.4 2.7 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.8 0.1 0.3 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.07.7 Terms of trade 0.1 -1.1 0.0 -0.5 0.2 0.9 0.3 -1.1 0.5 -0.7 0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 40.1 42.3 41.4 43.1 41.9 40.9 42.1 42.3 42.6 50.2 46.28.2 Total revenue : : : 43.3 43.5 43.2 43.9 43.2 42.8 43.5 45.4 44.8 45.4 46.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : 3.2 1.3 1.8 0.8 1.3 1.8 1.3 3.1 2.2 -4.8 0.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : 2.8 0.8 2.3 2.5 1.8 1.4 1.0 2.2 1.2 -2.6 0.78.5 Debt (end of period) 19.4 13.6 9.8 7.5 8.0 20.2 22.7 22.0 20.1 22.3 21.0 22.1 26.4 25.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 8.1 7.7 5.4 3.6 4.0 2.0 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 -0.1 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : : : 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : : 0.8 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.2 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 1.5 4.9 3.5 1.2 0.5 -0.9 0.2 -0.5 -1.2 -1.9 -3.4 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.2 1.1 0.4 0.3 -2.0 1.5 0.8 1.7 -0.4 0.6 0.29.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 93.6 95.5 101.3 101.9 100.0 100.8 101.8 103.4 102.8 103.3 103.5 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


178


91. Malta(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption -0.2 1.8 -0.2 2.9 -0.4 2.2 2.3 4.9 2.4 3.4 7.6 2.4 -5.0 4.01.2 Government consumption 12.3 -3.3 1.6 3.5 5.7 -0.4 6.6 3.7 -3.0 1.8 12.7 12.0 12.8 -1.21.3 Gross fixed capital formation -9.2 -11.8 26.4 -16.4 1.5 1.3 7.0 55.7 -0.3 -6.9 -2.1 7.2 -7.0 5.01.4 of which equipment -15.3 -11.2 54.1 -28.2 -6.1 7.0 1.6 86.2 13.0 -35.1 -10.7 1.7 : 1.5 of which construction -9.5 -15.8 9.4 -8.4 3.5 -2.9 4.3 53.5 -14.9 25.0 2.4 11.0 -2.0 2.51.6 Exports of goods and services 19.4 -0.4 6.9 1.6 6.9 0.9 4.1 15.5 4.5 4.8 3.5 1.7 -9.3 12.01.7 Imports of goods and services 19.5 0.3 7.6 -0.5 5.0 0.0 0.2 18.1 1.6 -0.5 3.4 2.1 -7.2 10.81.8 GDP 3.3 -2.5 3.5 1.4 2.8 4.8 8.8 10.9 5.8 6.5 7.3 4.4 -5.8 6.0


2.1 Consumption 2.1 0.4 0.2 2.4 0.9 1.2 2.5 3.2 0.6 1.8 5.3 3.0 0.1 1.52.2 Investment -2.0 -2.3 4.8 -3.5 0.3 0.2 1.2 9.6 -0.1 -1.6 -0.4 1.4 -1.4 1.02.3 Stockbuilding 3.4 0.6 -0.2 -0.7 -1.5 1.9 -1.0 -0.4 0.5 -1.7 1.6 0.2 -0.1 0.12.4 Domestic demand 3.4 -1.4 4.8 -1.8 -0.4 3.3 2.8 12.4 1.1 -1.5 6.5 4.5 -1.4 2.52.5 Exports 25.1 -0.7 10.2 2.4 11.1 1.5 6.4 23.1 7.0 7.3 5.2 2.4 -13.1 16.12.6 Final demand 28.5 -2.0 14.9 0.6 10.7 4.8 9.2 35.6 8.1 5.8 11.7 7.0 -14.5 18.62.7 Imports -25.2 -0.5 -11.4 0.8 -7.9 0.1 -0.4 -24.7 -2.3 0.7 -4.3 -2.6 8.6 -12.72.8 Net exports 0.0 -1.1 -1.2 3.2 3.2 1.5 6.0 -1.6 4.7 8.0 0.9 -0.2 -4.4 3.4


3.1 Private sector savings 21.3 13.5 18.1 18.2 18.8 19.4 23.1 26.2 24.1 24.9 25.3 26.9 29.7 27.73.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings -1.9 -1.2 -0.8 -0.8 -1.3 -0.3 0.4 1.3 3.6 5.8 5.0 3.7 -2.6 1.63.4 National savings 19.4 12.3 17.3 17.4 17.5 19.1 23.5 27.4 27.7 30.7 30.3 30.7 27.1 29.23.5 Gross capital formation 21.7 20.8 23.6 19.4 17.9 19.0 17.7 24.6 23.9 19.2 19.1 20.0 19.6 19.53.6 Current account -2.3 -8.5 -6.3 -2.0 -0.4 0.1 5.8 2.8 3.8 11.5 11.3 10.7 7.6 9.7


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 80.8 70.8 77.5 77.9 75.3 77.0 77.7 78.4 79.3 80.3 80.3 77.4 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 2.1 -3.3 -3.1 -5.3 -6.5 -6.3 -2.8 2.5 3.3 4.9 7.6 7.8 -2.2 0.14.3 Potential GDP gap 2.0 -2.4 -1.8 -2.7 -3.1 -2.5 0.7 3.7 2.5 2.6 3.9 3.8 -5.2 -2.54.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.3 2.0 3.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.3 7.4 6.5 4.3 3.5 3.8 2.7 2.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 0.8 1.9 2.2 -1.2 -1.0 -2.1 -2.9 3.2 2.1 -3.5 -2.4 -1.7 4.5 0.15.4 Labour productivity growth 0.8 -2.5 1.8 -1.5 0.0 1.0 3.2 6.5 1.5 -1.5 1.2 -1.1 -4.1 3.15.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.4 -3.4 0.7 -0.9 0.5 2.1 4.8 4.9 0.4 0.3 2.5 -0.3 -6.2 3.0


6.1 Employment 2.5 0.0 1.7 2.9 2.8 3.8 5.4 4.1 4.3 8.1 6.0 5.6 -1.8 2.86.2 Activity rate 59.6 59.9 61.0 62.5 64.0 66.2 68.5 69.4 70.5 73.6 74.8 77.2 76.4 76.36.3 Employment rate 56.1 55.8 56.8 58.7 60.2 62.0 64.4 65.7 67.2 70.7 72.1 74.5 71.9 72.8 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 6.0 6.9 6.9 6.4 6.2 6.1 5.7 5.4 4.7 4.0 3.7 3.4 5.9 4.4 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 4.1 3.0 2.0 3.3 3.4 2.1 1.4 5.7 2.9 -0.5 2.1 2.4 3.4 2.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.4 1.0 -0.2 1.2 0.7 1.0 1.0 3.9 2.3 -1.5 1.3 1.0 2.3 1.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.2 5.6 0.2 5.0 3.4 1.1 -1.8 -0.8 1.4 1.0 0.8 3.6 7.8 -0.37.4 Real unit labour costs 0.2 2.8 -3.5 2.7 1.4 -0.7 -4.0 -2.9 -0.1 -1.5 -1.3 1.3 5.9 -1.57.5 GDP deflator 3.0 2.7 3.8 2.2 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.1 1.5 2.5 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.37.6 Private consumption deflator 3.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.6 1.0 0.4 1.7 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.0 1.27.7 Terms of trade -0.5 -0.1 1.1 0.0 -0.4 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 -0.1


8.1 Total expenditure 42.6 41.9 41.1 41.2 42.7 41.9 41.1 39.7 36.6 35.9 36.7 37.7 46.5 41.58.2 Total revenue 38.5 38.6 38.7 38.8 39.2 39.5 39.3 38.6 37.5 39.3 38.6 38.2 39.8 38.98.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -4.2 -3.2 -2.4 -2.4 -3.5 -2.4 -1.7 -1.0 1.0 3.3 1.9 0.5 -6.7 -2.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -5.2 -2.1 -1.5 -1.1 -2.0 -1.2 -2.1 -2.8 -0.3 2.1 0.1 -1.3 -4.2 -1.38.5 Debt (end of period) 62.6 67.6 67.5 70.2 67.8 68.4 63.4 58.0 55.5 50.3 45.6 43.1 50.7 50.8


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.1 3.4 2.6 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.4 0.7 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.6 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.1 2.4 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.0 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.8 1.8 0.3 2.2 2.1 1.6 0.3 -0.6 -0.6 -1.2 -0.7 -1.6 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 2.8 -0.4 -4.6 0.5 -2.3 2.5 1.2 -5.1 1.5 1.7 2.8 -2.0 -0.3 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 110.4 111.3 105.7 104.9 102.8 104.3 105.0 100.0 101.5 102.7 105.2 102.9 102.4 102.0 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


179


92. Netherlands(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.6 1.8 2.2 4.9 0.9 0.2 -0.4 2.0 1.1 2.1 2.3 1.4 -9.5 7.21.2 Government consumption 3.2 3.5 2.2 2.3 2.5 4.0 -0.3 -0.1 1.3 0.9 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.61.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.6 0.1 3.3 6.4 -0.2 0.3 -1.4 29.0 -7.3 4.2 3.2 5.3 -11.2 5.91.4 of which equipment : 6.9 3.9 8.7 -1.8 1.8 0.6 14.2 4.8 3.2 1.5 8.1 -15.1 9.11.5 of which construction : -2.6 2.4 4.2 -0.2 -1.4 -3.9 11.4 10.9 5.5 6.0 3.9 -9.1 5.11.6 Exports of goods and services 8.9 3.2 6.0 8.4 3.5 2.8 3.9 7.4 1.7 6.5 3.7 2.4 -10.6 7.01.7 Imports of goods and services 9.2 2.7 5.5 9.1 3.3 2.9 2.9 14.5 -2.0 6.2 3.3 3.1 -11.2 8.01.8 GDP 4.9 1.8 2.8 4.3 1.3 1.4 0.4 2.0 2.2 2.9 2.6 1.8 -6.8 5.0


2.1 Consumption 3.7 1.8 1.6 2.9 1.0 1.0 -0.3 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.0 -3.6 3.72.2 Investment 1.4 0.0 0.7 1.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 5.1 -1.6 0.8 0.6 1.1 -2.4 1.22.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.0 1.8 2.3 4.2 1.0 1.2 -0.5 6.1 -0.7 2.0 1.9 2.1 -6.1 4.92.5 Exports 3.5 1.6 3.3 5.0 2.2 1.9 2.9 6.0 1.4 5.2 3.1 2.0 -8.8 5.42.6 Final demand 8.5 3.4 5.7 9.2 3.2 3.1 2.4 12.1 0.7 7.2 5.0 4.1 -14.9 10.42.7 Imports -3.6 -1.4 -2.8 -4.8 -1.8 -1.7 -1.9 -10.1 1.5 -4.3 -2.4 -2.3 8.0 -5.42.8 Net exports -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.2 1.0 -4.1 2.9 0.9 0.7 -0.3 -0.7 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 25.1 23.8 25.2 27.7 27.2 24.9 26.9 27.1 26.3 31.2 28.73.2 Net savings of households : 7.3 8.1 3.6 2.2 2.0 4.1 4.8 5.1 4.3 4.0 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 3.1 2.6 2.2 0.7 1.6 3.6 4.5 4.7 5.1 -1.9 0.23.4 National savings 28.0 24.5 25.7 28.2 26.4 27.5 28.4 28.8 28.5 31.4 31.9 31.4 29.3 28.93.5 Gross capital formation 28.1 22.3 23.0 22.8 21.0 21.5 18.8 22.5 20.5 20.6 20.7 21.2 20.3 20.53.6 Current account 1.4 3.1 3.5 5.4 5.4 5.9 9.6 6.3 8.1 10.8 11.2 10.2 9.0 8.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 80.1 84.1 84.5 82.8 80.9 78.8 81.7 81.7 82.7 83.9 84.1 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.1 -0.4 0.7 0.0 1.2 -1.7 -1.4 -0.3 1.5 3.1 3.9 -4.2 -0.54.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.3 0.6 0.7 -0.9 0.0 -2.1 -1.5 -0.7 0.6 1.5 1.5 -6.4 -3.14.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 81.6 93.5 125.0 131.3 134.1 116.6 125.0 125.3 131.6 133.7 134.4 100.1 117.0

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.5 2.3 1.9 2.5 1.9 2.0 0.6 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 0.8 1.15.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.4 2.1 0.4 0.1 1.9 1.0 1.0 0.7 -0.8 -0.7 -1.1 0.0 3.3 -0.25.4 Labour productivity growth 3.9 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 -4.5 3.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.5 0.8 1.1 1.8 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.0 -5.7 3.7


6.1 Employment 1.6 0.6 1.9 2.4 0.3 1.0 -0.2 1.0 1.5 2.2 2.5 1.8 -2.4 1.46.2 Activity rate : : 70.0 76.4 78.7 81.5 83.1 83.8 84.0 84.5 85.2 85.8 85.4 85.66.3 Employment rate 66.9 63.4 65.5 73.2 76.3 79.1 79.2 79.5 80.4 81.9 83.6 84.7 82.2 82.9 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate 60.8 55.0 54.5 60.0 61.5 63.4 63.0 63.3 64.4 65.5 67.0 67.9 65.9 66.5 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.2 7.1 6.8 4.6 3.9 4.5 6.4 6.9 6.0 4.9 3.8 3.4 5.9 5.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.3 6.6 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.5 2.1 -0.2 1.2 1.0 1.7 2.9 2.2 1.57.2 Real wages per head (b) 6.1 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.5 -0.4 0.7 -0.4 -0.2 0.5 1.3 0.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs 7.2 4.9 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.1 1.3 -0.9 1.1 0.3 1.8 3.0 7.0 -2.07.4 Real unit labour costs 1.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 0.5 -1.7 0.6 -1.0 -0.4 -0.1 5.9 -3.47.5 GDP deflator 5.9 5.6 1.4 2.1 2.7 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.3 2.2 3.0 1.1 1.57.6 Private consumption deflator 5.0 5.6 1.7 2.0 2.4 1.4 1.6 0.2 0.6 1.4 2.0 2.4 0.8 1.37.7 Terms of trade 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.2 -0.3 1.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.3 0.7 -0.1 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 44.5 43.3 44.8 46.5 44.6 43.6 42.4 42.2 41.9 47.7 45.68.2 Total revenue : : : 43.8 41.7 42.7 43.1 42.6 43.6 43.7 43.6 43.6 41.4 42.28.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -0.7 -1.6 -2.0 -3.4 -2.0 0.0 1.3 1.4 1.7 -6.3 -3.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -1.1 -1.1 -2.0 -2.1 -1.1 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.8 -2.4 -1.68.5 Debt (end of period) : 67.0 73.1 52.1 49.8 59.2 67.8 64.6 61.9 56.9 52.4 48.6 62.1 57.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.9 9.4 7.2 5.3 4.3 3.8 2.1 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.6 -0.1 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.1 7.7 6.7 3.4 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.8 1.7 0.5 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.3 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.0 3.7 5.7 3.1 1.6 2.1 1.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.7 -1.6 -3.0 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.0 1.5 0.5 0.3 -2.7 2.1 1.2 2.0 -0.4 0.8 0.29.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 98.6 104.2 105.1 102.7 100.0 101.3 101.9 103.3 103.8 104.5 104.3 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


180


93. Austria(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 1.7 1.2 0.5 0.5 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.4 -4.7 4.91.2 Government consumption 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.0 2.2 0.4 0.9 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 3.0 0.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 6.5 0.8 3.5 3.1 0.2 -0.6 2.1 2.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 2.9 -9.5 6.91.4 of which equipment 5.5 2.1 2.9 4.7 -0.5 -0.6 2.4 3.9 9.3 6.3 4.3 3.4 -16.0 12.01.5 of which construction 7.2 -0.2 3.7 0.9 -0.4 -2.3 0.8 0.1 0.5 3.3 3.7 2.4 -7.4 5.41.6 Exports of goods and services 8.6 5.7 4.1 8.6 5.1 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.1 5.0 5.9 2.7 -12.5 10.31.7 Imports of goods and services 8.6 4.4 4.4 6.3 4.5 2.2 2.6 3.6 3.7 5.0 4.6 2.8 -10.8 9.01.8 GDP 4.9 2.3 2.6 3.0 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.0 2.1 2.5 2.4 1.6 -5.5 5.0


2.1 Consumption 3.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9 -1.9 2.52.2 Investment 1.7 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.0 -0.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 -2.3 1.62.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 4.9 2.1 2.8 2.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.2 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.5 -4.2 4.22.5 Exports 2.3 1.8 1.4 3.2 2.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.6 3.2 1.5 -7.0 5.22.6 Final demand 7.2 3.9 4.2 5.5 3.6 2.4 2.2 2.8 3.8 4.7 4.8 3.1 -11.2 9.32.7 Imports -2.3 -1.5 -1.6 -2.4 -1.9 -1.0 -1.3 -1.8 -1.8 -2.5 -2.3 -1.5 5.7 -4.32.8 Net exports 0.0 0.3 -0.2 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.9 0.1 -1.3 0.9


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 22.5 23.2 25.5 23.8 22.6 25.0 23.6 24.0 23.6 27.8 24.43.2 Net savings of households : : : 6.8 5.8 6.8 4.5 3.8 4.4 4.1 4.3 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.6 2.4 1.3 2.0 3.1 2.0 3.0 3.7 4.1 -2.4 1.83.4 National savings 28.5 23.4 22.9 24.1 25.6 26.9 25.8 25.7 27.1 26.7 27.6 27.7 25.4 26.23.5 Gross capital formation 29.7 27.1 25.8 26.1 24.2 23.6 23.8 23.8 24.2 24.8 25.1 25.4 24.5 24.63.6 Current account 0.1 -2.5 -1.7 -2.1 1.3 3.2 2.1 1.9 2.9 1.7 2.4 2.3 0.9 1.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : 85.8 84.5 84.4 84.0 84.3 86.7 88.5 86.6 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 0.9 -0.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.9 2.3 2.9 -3.8 0.14.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.6 0.0 -0.5 -1.5 -0.7 0.4 1.5 1.7 -4.8 -1.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 96.8 107.2 115.6 124.1 127.3 114.3 113.2 114.4 115.4 114.4 111.7 90.9 106.6

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.3 3.6 3.0 2.8 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.0 1.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.65.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.3 3.4 2.4 1.9 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.4 0.05.4 Labour productivity growth 4.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 -4.2 3.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 3.1 0.7 1.1 1.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.2 -5.2 3.6


6.1 Employment 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.2 -1.4 1.46.2 Activity rate : : : 71.6 72.3 75.3 76.6 76.4 77.0 77.4 77.9 78.4 78.3 78.66.3 Employment rate 71.8 70.4 67.7 68.4 69.1 72.0 73.7 73.7 74.0 74.9 76.0 76.7 75.6 76.7 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.3 2.1 3.7 4.2 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.7 6.0 5.5 4.9 4.5 5.8 4.9 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.4 7.6 4.6 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.6 2.9 2.9 0.7 1.27.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.1 1.8 2.2 0.7 0.1 0.6 -0.2 0.5 1.0 -0.4 0.8 1.2 -0.4 -0.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.3 5.3 2.5 -0.2 0.7 2.2 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.8 2.2 2.4 5.1 -2.37.4 Real unit labour costs -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -1.1 -1.0 0.5 0.2 -0.8 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.7 3.9 -3.37.5 GDP deflator 4.6 5.5 2.7 0.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.3 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.17.6 Private consumption deflator 4.1 5.7 2.4 1.1 1.8 1.8 2.4 1.5 1.4 2.0 2.1 1.6 1.1 1.57.7 Terms of trade 0.3 -1.0 0.1 -0.9 0.1 -0.5 -0.3 1.6 0.8 -1.3 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1 0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 52.6 51.7 51.3 51.5 51.1 50.1 49.2 48.7 48.2 56.4 50.98.2 Total revenue : : : 49.7 49.5 48.3 49.2 50.1 48.6 48.4 48.8 49.0 50.2 49.18.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -3.0 -2.2 -3.0 -2.4 -1.0 -1.5 -0.8 0.2 0.7 -6.1 -1.98.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -3.1 -1.9 -3.0 -2.0 -0.2 -1.1 -1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -3.4 -1.18.5 Debt (end of period) 16.7 48.1 68.3 66.1 68.6 82.7 84.0 84.9 82.9 78.3 74.0 70.4 78.8 75.8


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 8.9 7.4 5.4 4.3 3.9 2.3 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.1 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 7.1 6.5 3.6 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : 1.8 0.9 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.4 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 3.2 4.6 4.5 2.6 2.1 0.4 -1.5 -1.3 -0.5 -1.0 -1.6 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.5 -2.0 1.6 0.7 2.1 -0.6 0.8 0.29.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 103.8 101.9 102.0 100.6 100.0 101.7 102.8 105.0 103.9 104.8 104.9 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


181


94. Portugal(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.7 2.8 5.0 4.1 1.2 1.1 -2.0 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.9 2.2 -5.8 5.31.2 Government consumption 8.3 6.0 4.7 3.9 2.7 0.4 -2.5 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.9 1.1 2.4 -1.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 9.1 -0.3 5.9 8.2 -1.9 -1.2 -8.2 5.9 2.5 11.5 5.8 6.3 -8.6 8.91.4 of which equipment 11.8 0.2 8.5 12.2 -2.1 1.7 -6.0 10.6 8.0 12.4 7.5 2.6 -26.9 26.21.5 of which construction 7.0 -0.5 3.2 6.9 -2.5 -4.0 -11.6 5.2 -1.1 12.2 4.6 8.9 0.6 3.21.6 Exports of goods and services 9.7 6.3 8.8 6.6 2.9 3.2 5.4 6.3 4.4 8.4 4.5 3.7 -14.1 13.21.7 Imports of goods and services 11.4 3.0 12.8 9.0 2.0 2.5 -0.2 8.0 5.0 8.1 5.7 5.2 -10.3 10.31.8 GDP 6.4 2.5 4.0 4.1 0.9 0.6 -1.5 1.8 2.0 3.5 2.6 2.2 -6.8 5.8


2.1 Consumption 4.9 2.7 4.1 3.3 1.3 0.8 -1.8 1.5 1.8 1.4 2.0 1.6 -3.3 3.12.2 Investment 2.3 -0.1 1.7 2.1 -0.5 -0.3 -1.5 0.9 0.4 1.8 1.0 1.1 -1.6 1.62.3 Stockbuilding 0.5 -0.4 0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.12.4 Domestic demand 7.6 2.2 6.4 5.3 0.7 0.6 -3.3 2.4 2.2 3.3 3.1 2.8 -5.1 4.82.5 Exports 1.7 1.3 2.4 1.8 0.8 0.9 1.9 2.5 1.8 3.4 1.9 1.6 -6.2 5.32.6 Final demand 9.3 3.5 8.8 7.1 1.5 1.5 -1.4 4.9 4.0 6.7 5.0 4.4 -11.3 10.12.7 Imports -2.8 -1.0 -4.8 -3.2 -0.7 -0.9 0.0 -3.2 -2.0 -3.2 -2.4 -2.3 4.5 -4.22.8 Net exports -1.2 0.3 -2.4 -1.4 0.1 0.0 1.9 -0.7 -0.2 0.2 -0.5 -0.6 -1.6 1.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 19.0 17.5 14.4 17.8 16.8 17.0 17.2 16.1 16.1 21.2 18.13.2 Net savings of households : : : 4.6 3.3 0.7 0.5 -0.8 -0.8 -1.4 -1.4 -1.3 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 0.8 -1.3 -2.5 -3.3 -0.9 -0.5 1.0 2.2 2.7 -3.8 0.43.4 National savings 25.0 23.9 22.3 19.8 16.2 11.9 14.6 15.8 16.5 18.2 18.3 18.8 17.4 18.53.5 Gross capital formation 27.2 32.3 27.5 27.4 24.9 22.3 16.1 15.9 15.8 17.2 18.1 18.9 18.0 18.73.6 Current account -2.7 -8.8 -5.6 -7.6 -8.7 -10.4 -1.5 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.0 -0.6 -0.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 80.7 84.2 83.2 80.3 77.1 80.3 80.1 80.5 81.5 78.8 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.6 1.8 -2.6 -2.4 -1.3 1.1 2.5 3.2 -5.3 -1.64.3 Potential GDP gap : -2.4 0.0 1.6 -0.3 -0.1 -2.8 -1.6 -0.7 1.2 2.1 2.4 -5.4 -1.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 79.3 200.4 194.7 183.8 189.4 193.4 222.7 233.6 238.3 238.0 243.3 211.1 241.2

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.7 4.7 4.1 4.4 3.2 1.8 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 2.4 5.2 3.8 2.1 3.2 2.5 1.4 -1.9 -2.2 -3.3 -2.2 -0.4 3.3 -2.35.4 Labour productivity growth 6.1 2.9 3.7 1.9 0.9 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.4 -3.4 3.05.5 Total factor productivity growth 5.1 1.0 2.3 1.1 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.5 -4.6 4.0


6.1 Employment 0.3 -0.4 0.3 2.2 0.0 -0.7 -1.9 1.4 1.6 3.3 2.3 0.8 -3.4 2.76.2 Activity rate : : : 74.6 77.5 78.6 78.1 77.7 78.1 79.3 79.9 80.1 80.0 80.26.3 Employment rate : : : 70.5 73.0 71.8 66.8 68.1 69.6 72.4 74.4 75.0 72.4 74.3 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 2.5 7.3 6.6 5.6 6.0 8.8 14.8 12.6 11.2 9.0 7.1 6.5 9.7 7.4 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.5 21.6 14.3 5.8 3.8 2.5 -0.9 0.3 1.2 2.3 2.5 2.8 0.2 1.77.2 Real wages per head (b) 7.3 1.3 4.8 2.8 0.4 0.6 -2.0 -0.6 0.2 0.7 1.2 1.7 -0.3 0.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.1 18.1 10.2 3.8 2.9 1.2 -1.3 -0.1 0.8 2.1 2.2 1.4 3.8 -1.37.4 Real unit labour costs 0.8 -1.7 0.1 0.4 -0.5 -0.7 -1.8 -2.0 -0.9 0.6 0.6 -0.4 2.5 -2.77.5 GDP deflator 4.2 20.1 10.0 3.4 3.4 1.9 0.6 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.47.6 Private consumption deflator 3.8 20.0 9.0 2.9 3.4 1.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.5 1.47.7 Terms of trade 1.2 -2.0 3.0 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 3.2 1.6 -0.8 -0.3 0.7 1.6 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 42.7 45.2 47.4 50.1 48.2 44.8 45.4 43.4 42.7 49.3 44.58.2 Total revenue : : : 38.9 40.0 41.0 43.6 43.8 42.9 42.4 42.9 42.9 42.7 42.78.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -3.8 -5.2 -6.4 -6.6 -4.4 -1.9 -3.0 -0.4 0.2 -6.5 -1.88.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -4.7 -5.1 -6.4 -5.1 -3.6 -1.6 -3.6 -1.6 -1.1 -3.6 -0.98.5 Debt (end of period) 14.3 59.4 62.2 54.2 72.2 100.2 132.9 131.2 131.5 126.1 122.0 117.7 131.6 124.4


9.1 Long-term interest rate : : 13.5 6.0 4.4 4.5 7.7 2.4 3.2 3.1 1.8 0.8 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 14.7 14.1 5.0 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : -0.6 1.1 1.5 1.7 7.1 2.4 3.4 3.4 2.2 1.1 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : : 3.2 2.6 0.9 2.5 7.1 0.4 1.4 1.5 0.2 -0.9 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.9 1.4 0.3 0.3 -2.7 1.8 1.0 1.8 -0.4 0.7 0.29.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 97.9 103.5 106.7 103.6 100.0 101.7 102.4 103.2 101.4 101.0 100.8 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


182


95. Slovenia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 2.9 2.1 1.0 0.8 -2.2 -3.9 1.6 2.0 4.4 2.0 2.8 2.7 -6.1 6.31.2 Government consumption 5.2 2.0 0.0 -0.1 -2.4 -2.0 -0.2 2.3 2.5 0.3 3.2 1.6 4.7 0.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 7.0 -22.1 -13.4 -4.9 -8.5 3.4 -0.1 -1.2 -3.7 10.4 9.1 3.2 -13.0 11.71.4 of which equipment 2.6 -30.9 -8.4 13.9 -12.2 13.0 -8.6 4.3 7.4 12.5 10.6 1.4 -19.5 21.81.5 of which construction 10.8 -20.6 -20.4 -18.3 -6.4 -4.7 9.5 -4.6 -14.4 9.1 8.2 5.0 -13.1 8.31.6 Exports of goods and services 4.2 -16.6 10.2 6.9 0.5 3.1 6.0 4.7 6.5 10.5 6.1 4.4 -12.4 13.51.7 Imports of goods and services 4.1 -18.4 6.6 5.3 -3.5 2.1 4.2 4.3 6.7 10.1 6.6 4.2 -11.4 14.81.8 GDP 3.5 -7.5 1.3 0.9 -2.6 -1.0 2.8 2.2 3.1 4.8 4.1 2.4 -7.0 6.7


2.1 Consumption 2.4 1.4 0.5 0.4 -1.7 -2.7 0.9 1.6 2.8 1.1 2.1 1.7 -2.3 3.32.2 Investment 2.0 -6.5 -3.2 -1.0 -1.7 0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.7 1.8 1.7 0.6 -2.5 2.02.3 Stockbuilding -0.9 -4.1 1.9 0.4 -2.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.2 -0.4 -0.3 1.02.4 Domestic demand 3.5 -9.1 -0.8 -0.2 -5.4 -1.8 1.2 1.6 2.7 3.7 3.9 1.9 -5.1 6.42.5 Exports 2.8 -11.0 5.8 4.4 0.3 2.2 4.5 3.6 5.0 8.2 5.1 3.7 -10.5 10.42.6 Final demand 6.3 -20.1 5.0 4.2 -5.1 0.4 5.7 5.2 7.7 11.9 9.0 5.6 -15.5 16.82.7 Imports -2.8 12.6 -3.7 -3.4 2.4 -1.5 -2.9 -3.0 -4.6 -7.0 -4.9 -3.2 8.5 -10.12.8 Net exports 0.0 1.6 2.1 1.1 2.8 0.8 1.6 0.6 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.5 -1.9 0.3


3.1 Private sector savings 23.3 22.6 21.8 22.0 19.7 22.1 24.0 21.9 22.0 23.3 23.0 23.3 28.6 25.23.2 Net savings of households 4.8 3.5 2.6 1.7 0.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.7 3.1 : : 3.3 General government savings 4.0 -0.5 -0.6 -1.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.5 1.2 1.3 3.2 4.3 4.1 -3.4 1.23.4 National savings 27.3 22.0 21.2 20.7 19.6 21.9 24.5 23.1 23.3 26.5 27.3 27.4 25.2 26.33.5 Gross capital formation 32.9 23.5 22.4 21.7 18.8 19.6 19.4 19.2 18.4 20.1 21.0 20.7 18.3 19.63.6 Current account -5.6 -1.4 -1.1 -1.0 0.9 2.3 5.1 3.9 4.9 6.4 6.3 6.8 6.8 6.8


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 83.8 71.3 76.3 79.8 78.8 78.3 80.3 83.3 83.6 85.1 85.3 84.3 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 9.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -3.8 -5.7 -4.2 -3.3 -1.7 1.4 4.0 4.9 -3.8 1.14.3 Potential GDP gap 7.4 -2.7 -2.4 -2.0 -4.9 -6.3 -4.6 -3.4 -1.6 1.3 3.0 3.0 -5.7 -1.94.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 6.2 2.3 0.5 0.0 -0.9 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -1.3 -0.5 0.1 0.2 -1.3 0.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.6 4.0 2.7 1.7 0.0 0.4 -1.2 -2.2 -3.1 -3.4 -3.0 -2.1 1.4 -1.95.4 Labour productivity growth 1.0 -6.0 3.5 2.6 -1.7 0.1 2.3 0.9 1.3 1.8 0.9 0.1 -4.4 4.65.5 Total factor productivity growth -0.4 -7.4 2.5 1.9 -1.7 -0.1 2.8 1.7 2.5 3.1 2.1 0.9 -5.0 5.4


6.1 Employment 2.5 -1.6 -2.1 -1.7 -0.9 -1.1 0.4 1.3 1.8 3.0 3.2 2.4 -2.7 2.06.2 Activity rate 73.7 73.5 73.0 72.6 72.9 73.5 74.1 75.1 76.4 78.0 79.8 81.7 82.3 83.06.3 Employment rate 70.5 69.2 67.7 66.7 66.5 66.3 67.1 68.6 70.5 73.1 75.8 78.2 76.8 78.9 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.4 5.9 7.3 8.2 8.9 10.1 9.7 9.0 8.0 6.6 5.1 4.5 7.0 5.1 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 7.2 1.8 3.9 1.6 -1.0 0.5 1.2 1.5 3.1 3.0 3.9 4.5 1.6 1.27.2 Real wages per head (b) 1.5 1.0 2.4 -0.2 -2.6 -1.6 1.7 2.1 3.8 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.1 -0.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs 6.2 8.3 0.4 -1.0 0.7 0.4 -1.1 0.6 1.8 1.2 3.0 4.5 6.3 -3.37.4 Real unit labour costs 1.6 4.8 1.4 -2.0 0.3 -1.2 -1.5 -0.4 1.1 -0.4 0.7 2.0 4.0 -4.27.5 GDP deflator 4.5 3.4 -1.0 1.0 0.5 1.6 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.6 2.2 2.4 2.1 0.97.6 Private consumption deflator 5.6 0.9 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 1.8 2.3 1.8 0.4 1.47.7 Terms of trade -1.3 3.5 -4.0 -1.4 -1.1 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.8 -0.5 -0.2 0.4 2.3 0.6


8.1 Total expenditure 45.1 49.4 50.2 50.9 49.4 60.3 50.8 48.7 46.3 44.1 43.6 43.7 51.9 46.08.2 Total revenue 43.7 43.5 44.6 44.2 45.4 45.7 45.3 45.9 44.3 44.0 44.3 44.2 44.8 44.08.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -1.4 -5.8 -5.6 -6.6 -4.0 -14.6 -5.5 -2.8 -1.9 0.0 0.7 0.5 -7.2 -2.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -4.9 -4.5 -4.5 -5.7 -1.7 -11.6 -3.4 -1.2 -1.2 -0.7 -0.7 -0.9 -4.5 -1.28.5 Debt (end of period) 21.8 34.5 38.3 46.5 53.6 70.0 80.3 82.6 78.7 74.1 70.4 66.1 83.7 79.9


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.6 4.4 3.8 5.0 5.8 5.8 3.3 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.3 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.6 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.0 3.2 3.0 3.6 5.2 5.6 3.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.6 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.1 0.9 4.9 3.9 5.3 4.1 2.8 0.7 0.4 -0.6 -1.3 -2.1 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 0.8 3.4 -2.4 0.5 -1.1 1.6 2.2 0.2 1.7 0.2 2.1 -0.2 1.3 0.39.6 Real effective exchange rate 102.1 104.5 101.8 100.9 99.7 101.1 102.1 100.0 100.5 100.3 102.1 101.6 102.3 102.0 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


183


96. Slovakia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 7.0 -0.2 0.8 -1.9 0.4 -1.2 1.9 2.8 3.9 4.3 3.9 2.2 -7.1 7.21.2 Government consumption 6.3 6.0 1.4 -2.3 -2.0 1.5 4.4 5.3 1.9 1.0 0.2 3.8 4.2 1.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 3.7 -19.7 8.1 14.2 -10.1 1.3 2.8 21.6 -9.3 3.9 3.7 4.4 -14.7 10.71.4 of which equipment 17.3 -23.8 14.2 35.9 -12.0 -9.0 20.9 17.1 -2.0 0.8 -3.5 4.8 -24.1 18.71.5 of which construction -3.7 -13.6 -8.5 9.4 -8.7 5.8 -8.5 27.6 -17.0 9.6 6.4 3.1 -8.2 6.51.6 Exports of goods and services 3.0 -16.4 17.3 10.6 9.1 6.0 3.7 6.6 5.0 3.5 5.4 1.7 -12.4 13.41.7 Imports of goods and services 4.1 -18.9 16.6 7.8 2.1 5.6 4.5 8.5 4.8 3.9 5.0 2.6 -12.6 13.31.8 GDP 5.6 -5.5 5.7 2.9 1.9 0.7 2.8 4.8 2.1 3.0 4.0 2.3 -6.7 6.6


2.1 Consumption 4.9 1.0 0.8 -1.5 -0.2 -0.4 1.8 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.2 1.9 -3.1 4.32.2 Investment 0.9 -4.9 1.7 3.0 -2.3 0.3 0.6 4.4 -2.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 -3.1 2.12.3 Stockbuilding 0.7 -3.9 2.8 -0.8 -1.6 0.1 0.9 -0.8 1.6 -0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.5 0.02.4 Domestic demand 6.5 -7.8 5.3 0.7 -4.1 0.0 3.3 6.1 1.8 3.2 3.5 3.0 -6.8 6.42.5 Exports 2.5 -13.1 11.8 8.2 7.8 5.5 3.5 6.1 4.6 3.3 5.1 1.7 -11.5 11.32.6 Final demand 9.0 -20.9 17.1 8.9 3.7 5.5 6.8 12.2 6.4 6.5 8.6 4.7 -18.3 17.72.7 Imports -3.4 15.5 -11.3 -6.1 -1.8 -4.8 -4.0 -7.4 -4.3 -3.5 -4.6 -2.4 11.6 -11.02.8 Net exports -0.9 2.4 0.5 2.2 6.0 0.7 -0.5 -1.3 0.3 -0.2 0.5 -0.8 0.1 0.3


3.1 Private sector savings 21.6 21.9 24.5 22.7 24.8 24.3 24.1 21.5 20.2 18.9 19.4 18.8 23.1 19.93.2 Net savings of households 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.5 : : 3.3 General government savings 1.5 -3.4 -3.9 -1.2 -1.6 -0.2 0.2 2.1 0.9 2.3 2.4 2.2 -4.9 -0.73.4 National savings 23.1 18.6 20.5 21.6 23.2 24.0 24.3 23.7 21.1 21.2 21.8 21.0 18.2 19.23.5 Gross capital formation 28.4 20.5 23.9 25.2 20.7 20.9 21.7 24.3 23.1 23.0 23.4 23.6 21.1 21.63.6 Current account -5.3 -1.9 -3.3 -3.7 2.6 3.1 2.6 -0.6 -2.0 -1.8 -1.6 -2.6 -2.9 -2.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 83.4 68.1 76.1 78.3 77.5 77.1 80.6 82.3 84.5 84.9 85.6 87.2 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 9.0 -0.8 1.3 0.9 -0.2 -2.2 -2.0 0.2 0.0 0.8 2.7 3.0 -5.8 -1.54.3 Potential GDP gap 6.0 -3.1 -0.9 -1.7 -2.1 -3.4 -2.6 -0.5 -0.2 0.8 2.7 2.7 -5.0 -0.64.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.6 0.9 1.9 3.7 1.8 1.7 2.0 4.6 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.3 0.7 1.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.55.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.3 2.9 3.4 1.9 1.8 2.5 0.5 2.6 0.2 0.6 1.0 2.0 4.2 -0.15.4 Labour productivity growth 2.3 -3.6 7.3 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.3 2.8 -0.3 0.8 2.0 1.0 -3.4 4.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 1.5 -5.1 5.4 0.0 0.9 0.1 1.0 1.3 -0.4 0.5 1.4 -0.1 -5.6 4.6


6.1 Employment 3.2 -2.0 -1.5 1.8 0.1 -0.8 1.4 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.2 -3.4 2.06.2 Activity rate 69.4 69.2 69.7 69.0 69.8 70.3 70.8 71.6 72.7 73.2 73.6 73.9 74.4 74.96.3 Employment rate 62.8 60.9 59.7 59.6 60.1 60.3 61.5 63.4 65.7 67.2 68.8 69.7 67.9 69.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 9.5 12.0 14.4 13.6 14.0 14.2 13.2 11.5 9.7 8.1 6.5 5.8 8.8 7.1 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 6.7 2.6 5.4 2.0 2.5 2.6 2.0 3.7 2.2 5.4 5.6 6.2 1.3 2.57.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.1 2.5 4.4 -1.8 -0.9 1.2 2.1 3.9 2.6 3.9 3.2 3.3 -0.4 1.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.3 6.4 -1.8 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.9 2.5 4.5 3.5 5.1 4.9 -2.07.4 Real unit labour costs 1.4 7.6 -2.3 -0.7 -0.7 0.6 0.9 1.2 3.0 3.3 1.4 2.4 2.7 -3.27.5 GDP deflator 2.9 -1.2 0.5 1.7 1.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 1.2 2.0 2.6 2.2 1.37.6 Private consumption deflator 4.5 0.1 1.0 3.9 3.4 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 1.4 2.3 2.7 1.8 1.17.7 Terms of trade -1.6 -1.1 -0.8 -1.3 -1.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure 37.0 44.4 42.2 41.4 41.0 42.3 43.3 45.8 42.7 41.5 41.8 42.8 49.8 45.18.2 Total revenue 34.5 36.3 34.7 37.0 36.6 39.4 40.2 43.1 40.2 40.5 40.7 41.5 41.3 40.98.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.5 -8.1 -7.5 -4.5 -4.4 -2.9 -3.1 -2.7 -2.5 -1.0 -1.0 -1.3 -8.5 -4.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -4.8 -7.0 -7.1 -3.8 -3.6 -1.6 -2.1 -2.5 -2.4 -1.3 -2.1 -2.3 -6.6 -4.08.5 Debt (end of period) 28.6 36.4 41.0 43.5 51.8 54.7 53.5 51.9 52.0 51.3 49.4 48.0 59.5 59.9


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.7 4.7 3.9 4.5 4.6 3.2 2.1 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.3 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.2 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.6 3.5 3.1 3.1 4.0 3.0 1.9 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.6 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.8 5.9 3.4 2.7 3.2 2.7 2.3 1.1 1.1 -0.3 -1.1 -2.3 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 8.8 7.7 -2.7 0.3 -0.8 1.4 1.6 -0.8 1.9 0.5 1.7 -0.2 1.1 0.39.6 Real effective exchange rate 97.8 104.5 100.1 101.1 101.2 102.2 102.4 100.0 100.6 100.5 102.6 103.2 105.1 104.7 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


184


97. Finland(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.2 2.9 1.6 3.5 3.2 1.9 0.8 1.6 2.4 1.0 1.7 1.0 -7.9 4.91.2 Government consumption 5.4 4.1 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.1 0.3 1.3 0.7 -0.2 2.1 0.9 6.0 -2.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.8 2.3 -0.9 8.4 1.9 0.2 -0.8 0.5 8.8 4.0 3.7 -0.8 -9.8 9.11.4 of which equipment 4.6 3.5 -0.7 5.6 1.1 -2.0 3.0 5.1 13.4 6.4 -0.3 0.2 -17.4 15.31.5 of which construction 5.1 0.9 -2.8 9.2 2.0 0.7 -0.9 1.4 10.2 4.3 4.0 -1.2 -7.3 5.51.6 Exports of goods and services 7.2 4.5 5.2 11.2 4.0 1.6 0.2 0.4 3.7 8.8 1.7 7.2 -10.7 7.31.7 Imports of goods and services 7.3 2.8 3.9 9.3 5.8 1.7 1.6 2.0 5.8 4.1 5.5 2.2 -8.6 8.11.8 GDP 5.0 3.1 1.5 5.1 2.6 0.9 0.0 0.5 2.7 3.1 1.6 1.0 -6.3 3.7


2.1 Consumption 3.7 2.3 1.2 2.2 2.0 1.2 0.5 1.2 1.5 0.5 1.4 0.7 -2.8 1.92.2 Investment 1.4 0.6 -0.2 1.8 0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.1 1.9 0.9 0.9 -0.2 -2.3 2.12.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.8 -0.4 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.4 2.9 1.2 4.0 2.6 1.0 0.6 1.3 3.4 1.5 2.8 -0.3 -5.5 4.02.5 Exports 1.3 1.3 1.5 4.2 1.6 0.8 0.1 0.1 1.3 3.1 0.7 2.8 -4.3 2.72.6 Final demand 6.6 4.4 2.7 8.1 4.2 1.7 0.6 1.5 4.7 4.6 3.5 2.5 -9.7 6.72.7 Imports -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -2.7 -1.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7 -2.1 -1.5 -2.1 -0.9 3.4 -3.02.8 Net exports 0.0 0.6 0.4 1.4 -0.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.6 -0.8 1.6 -1.4 1.9 -0.9 -0.3


3.1 Private sector savings : : 17.8 21.7 22.5 21.7 19.4 19.7 19.0 20.0 20.4 20.3 24.1 21.33.2 Net savings of households : : 1.6 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 -0.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 0.2 : : 3.3 General government savings : : 4.8 5.5 6.9 5.2 1.9 1.2 2.4 3.1 3.1 2.8 -2.8 0.93.4 National savings 26.3 27.4 22.7 27.2 29.3 26.9 21.3 20.9 21.3 23.1 23.5 23.1 21.2 22.23.5 Gross capital formation 28.4 29.4 24.8 22.3 23.0 23.7 22.9 21.7 23.2 23.9 25.1 24.0 22.8 24.03.6 Current account -1.5 -2.2 -2.2 5.5 6.1 2.8 -1.7 -0.8 -1.9 -0.8 -1.6 -0.8 -1.3 -1.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : 85.6 83.3 80.2 79.0 79.2 78.0 82.3 83.8 81.0 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.8 2.2 -1.0 -2.6 -0.6 1.7 2.4 2.2 -5.5 -3.54.3 Potential GDP gap : -2.1 -0.9 -0.3 0.2 1.0 -1.9 -3.0 -1.4 0.7 1.1 0.9 -5.4 -3.14.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 80.1 82.7 135.2 150.2 134.2 116.2 119.2 124.4 134.9 132.6 131.2 105.6 114.2

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 5.2 3.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.7 0.8 1.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.15.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.7 3.3 3.6 -0.6 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.5 -0.7 0.7 3.4 0.35.4 Labour productivity growth 4.5 2.8 3.2 2.8 1.6 0.3 -0.3 0.6 2.2 2.0 -0.9 0.0 -4.0 2.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.6 1.4 1.7 3.1 1.3 -0.2 -0.7 0.3 1.9 1.8 -0.6 -0.3 -5.2 2.4


6.1 Employment 0.4 0.3 -1.6 2.2 1.0 0.6 0.3 -0.1 0.5 1.0 2.5 1.0 -2.5 1.16.2 Activity rate 77.0 76.3 74.6 72.6 74.9 76.7 78.2 79.7 80.0 80.9 82.3 82.7 82.2 82.86.3 Employment rate 75.6 72.7 68.1 64.2 68.2 71.1 72.1 72.5 73.1 74.1 76.4 77.3 75.6 76.5 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 4.8 8.7 11.7 8.9 7.5 8.1 9.4 8.8 8.6 7.4 6.7 8.3 7.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.1 13.2 5.9 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.1 1.4 0.9 -1.1 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.1 2.6 2.3 1.3 1.5 0.9 -0.3 1.0 0.7 -1.8 0.1 0.6 1.5 1.47.3 Nominal unit labour costs 6.3 10.2 2.7 0.3 1.3 2.7 2.5 0.8 -1.3 -3.1 2.2 1.6 6.3 0.27.4 Real unit labour costs -0.4 0.0 -1.1 -1.2 0.1 0.9 0.0 -0.8 -1.5 -3.7 0.4 -0.2 4.5 -1.67.5 GDP deflator 6.7 10.3 3.8 1.5 1.2 1.8 2.4 1.6 0.2 0.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.87.6 Private consumption deflator 5.7 10.4 3.5 1.8 1.3 2.0 2.5 0.5 0.2 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.47.7 Terms of trade 0.1 -1.1 0.9 -1.4 -1.2 -1.2 -0.3 3.1 0.0 -0.6 0.8 -1.0 1.2 0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : 54.0 53.4 48.6 50.1 55.8 56.5 55.7 53.8 53.4 53.3 59.8 56.88.2 Total revenue : : 53.6 54.5 51.9 51.8 53.6 54.1 53.9 53.1 52.5 52.2 52.4 53.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : -0.4 1.1 3.3 1.6 -2.2 -2.4 -1.7 -0.7 -0.9 -1.1 -7.4 -3.48.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : 0.1 1.3 3.1 1.0 -1.1 -0.7 -0.9 -1.1 -1.5 -1.6 -4.2 -1.68.5 Debt (end of period) 7.7 15.8 55.2 42.5 39.9 46.9 59.8 63.6 63.2 61.3 59.6 59.4 69.4 69.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate 8.0 11.2 10.8 5.6 4.3 3.8 2.1 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.1 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 12.2 10.3 3.6 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : -1.0 0.4 2.1 1.5 1.0 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.4 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.2 1.0 6.7 4.0 3.1 2.0 -0.4 -0.9 0.2 -0.2 -1.1 -1.7 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 0.0 2.6 0.5 0.8 -1.0 2.3 0.7 3.4 -0.6 1.5 0.49.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 102.4 104.5 103.0 100.6 100.0 101.3 100.8 103.1 101.6 102.4 102.3 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


185


98. EA-19(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 0.3 -1.1 0.9 0.1 -1.1 -0.6 0.9 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.3 -9.0 7.11.2 Government consumption 2.6 2.4 0.8 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.8 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.7 3.2 0.61.3 Gross fixed capital formation -1.1 -11.0 -0.3 1.6 -3.2 -2.4 1.4 4.8 4.0 3.4 2.3 5.7 -13.3 10.21.4 of which equipment 0.6 -18.5 5.2 4.1 -4.3 -3.2 4.3 5.2 5.8 4.1 4.3 1.8 : 1.5 of which construction -2.7 -9.8 -4.1 0.0 -4.4 -3.5 -0.7 0.2 2.7 3.6 3.3 3.2 -9.6 8.81.6 Exports of goods and services 0.9 -12.4 11.1 6.5 2.3 1.9 4.8 6.6 2.9 5.5 3.3 2.5 -12.9 9.51.7 Imports of goods and services 0.4 -11.4 9.7 4.3 -1.2 1.4 4.9 7.7 4.1 5.0 2.8 3.8 -12.9 9.71.8 GDP 0.4 -4.5 2.1 1.7 -0.9 -0.2 1.4 2.1 1.9 2.5 1.9 1.2 -7.7 6.3


2.1 Consumption 0.6 -0.1 0.7 0.0 -0.7 -0.3 0.7 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 -4.2 3.92.2 Investment -0.3 -2.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.7 -0.5 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 1.2 -2.9 2.12.3 Stockbuilding -0.2 -1.3 0.9 0.4 -1.0 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 0.12.4 Domestic demand 0.2 -3.9 1.5 0.8 -2.3 -0.5 1.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.5 1.7 -7.2 6.02.5 Exports 0.3 -5.0 3.9 2.5 1.0 0.8 2.1 3.0 1.3 2.5 1.6 1.2 -6.2 4.22.6 Final demand 0.6 -8.9 5.4 3.3 -1.4 0.3 3.4 5.2 3.6 4.6 3.1 2.9 -13.4 10.22.7 Imports -0.2 4.4 -3.3 -1.6 0.5 -0.6 -2.0 -3.1 -1.7 -2.1 -1.2 -1.7 5.7 -3.92.8 Net exports 0.2 -0.5 0.6 0.9 1.5 0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.4 0.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.4


3.1 Private sector savings 21.1 22.8 23.0 22.8 21.9 21.8 22.1 22.5 22.8 22.6 22.5 22.8 28.5 25.13.2 Net savings of households 3.9 4.7 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 : : 3.3 General government savings 2.0 -1.7 -1.4 -0.3 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.6 2.4 2.8 2.6 -4.7 -0.13.4 National savings 23.1 21.1 21.6 22.4 22.3 22.5 23.1 23.9 24.4 25.0 25.3 25.4 23.9 25.03.5 Gross capital formation 23.6 20.4 21.0 21.5 20.0 19.6 20.0 20.4 20.7 21.2 21.5 22.1 20.5 21.43.6 Current account -0.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.3 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 82.9 71.5 76.7 80.5 79.2 78.9 80.3 81.0 81.5 82.9 83.7 82.2 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 3.1 -2.3 -0.9 0.1 -1.4 -2.4 -1.8 -0.5 0.5 2.2 3.3 3.7 -5.2 -0.14.3 Potential GDP gap 1.7 -3.5 -2.1 -1.0 -2.1 -3.0 -2.4 -1.6 -0.7 0.6 1.2 1.1 -7.3 -2.64.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.3 0.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.15.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.3 3.2 1.7 1.1 1.5 1.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.2 5.2 -2.95.4 Labour productivity growth -0.3 -2.5 2.9 1.7 -0.1 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.1 -3.2 2.45.5 Total factor productivity growth -0.9 -3.9 2.2 1.3 -0.8 -0.1 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.0 -5.3 3.7


6.1 Employment 0.9 -1.9 -0.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.2 -2.1 1.46.2 Activity rate 74.7 74.9 74.8 75.1 76.0 76.2 76.3 76.5 76.9 77.4 77.9 78.3 78.4 78.76.3 Employment rate 69.3 68.0 67.6 67.8 67.7 67.4 67.9 68.6 69.6 70.7 71.8 72.7 71.2 72.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 7.5 9.6 10.1 10.2 11.3 12.0 11.6 10.8 10.0 9.0 8.1 7.5 9.6 8.6 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 3.5 1.8 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.1 1.1 0.47.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.7 2.5 0.7 -0.1 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.8 -0.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.9 4.5 -0.5 0.4 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.8 2.1 4.3 -1.97.4 Real unit labour costs 1.8 3.5 -1.2 -0.7 0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.3 3.0 -3.27.5 GDP deflator 2.0 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.37.6 Private consumption deflator 2.8 -0.7 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.3 1.27.7 Terms of trade : : : : : : : : : : : : :




9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.3 3.9 3.6 4.3 3.8 3.0 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.4 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.6 1.3 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.3 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.7 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.8 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.2 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.5 1.7 1.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.2 -1.3 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 3.7 1.2 -7.7 0.3 -5.3 4.2 3.7 -5.8 2.0 1.6 6.1 -1.4 1.6 0.49.6 Real effective exchange rate 117.4 117.4 107.2 107.0 101.7 105.6 107.8 100.0 100.6 101.7 107.3 104.9 105.3 105.0 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (a) Manufacturing industry (b) Private consumption deflator (c) GDP deflator

186


99. EA-12(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 5.4 2.3 2.4 2.7 1.4 0.7 -0.2 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.2 -9.1 7.11.2 Government consumption 5.1 3.4 2.2 1.8 1.8 2.0 0.1 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.6 3.2 0.61.3 Gross fixed capital formation 6.0 0.1 2.8 4.1 1.1 -0.5 -0.7 4.7 4.2 3.3 2.3 5.7 -13.4 10.21.4 of which equipment : 1.9 3.0 7.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 5.1 5.7 4.0 4.4 1.7 -18.7 14.21.5 of which construction : -0.9 2.5 1.8 1.0 -2.0 -2.2 0.0 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.1 -9.7 8.91.6 Exports of goods and services 8.8 4.5 5.4 8.4 3.9 2.6 3.7 6.7 2.8 5.4 3.3 2.4 -12.9 9.41.7 Imports of goods and services 9.9 3.1 5.9 8.8 3.6 2.5 2.2 7.7 4.1 4.9 2.6 3.8 -13.0 9.51.8 GDP 5.3 2.2 2.5 2.8 1.5 0.8 0.5 2.1 1.9 2.5 1.9 1.2 -7.7 6.3


2.1 Consumption 3.9 1.9 : 1.2 1.2 0.8 -0.1 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.9 1.0 -4.2 3.92.2 Investment 1.5 0.0 : 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 1.2 -2.9 2.12.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.1 : 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 0.12.4 Domestic demand 5.4 1.8 : 1.2 1.3 0.7 -0.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 1.5 1.7 -7.3 6.02.5 Exports 1.6 1.1 : 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.5 2.9 1.3 2.4 1.5 1.1 -6.1 4.12.6 Final demand 7.0 3.0 : 2.7 2.7 1.7 1.3 5.2 3.5 4.5 3.0 2.8 -13.3 10.12.7 Imports -1.7 -0.7 : -1.1 -1.2 -0.9 -0.9 -3.1 -1.7 -2.0 -1.1 -1.6 5.6 -3.72.8 Net exports -0.1 0.4 : 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.7 -0.1 -0.4 0.4 0.4 -0.5 -0.5 0.3


3.1 Private sector savings : : 23.3 20.5 21.5 23.0 22.1 22.6 22.8 22.6 22.6 22.9 28.6 25.23.2 Net savings of households : : 7.0 4.8 4.8 4.5 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.7 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : -0.5 2.7 1.4 -1.4 0.9 1.3 1.6 2.4 2.7 2.6 -4.7 -0.13.4 National savings : : 22.7 23.2 22.8 21.6 23.1 23.9 24.4 25.1 25.3 25.5 24.0 25.13.5 Gross capital formation 27.2 24.1 : 22.5 22.3 22.4 20.3 20.4 20.7 21.2 21.5 22.1 20.6 21.43.6 Current account 0.5 -0.5 : 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.7


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (b) (c) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap (b) : -0.2 : -0.5 0.3 1.0 -1.3 -0.5 0.6 2.2 3.3 3.7 -5.2 -0.14.3 Potential GDP gap (b) : -0.5 : 0.0 0.6 0.1 -2.1 -1.6 -0.7 0.6 1.1 1.0 -7.3 -2.64.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) (a) 100.0 77.5 97.4 112.2 117.6 112.2 101.6 106.8 108.8 110.3 108.6 106.9 85.6 102.0

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) (a) 4.7 3.0 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.3 0.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) (b) 2.8 2.9 : 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.15.3 Growth of capital intensity (a) 4.4 2.8 1.7 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.2 5.3 -3.05.4 Labour productivity growth (a) 5.1 2.0 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.0 -3.1 2.35.5 Total factor productivity growth (a) 3.5 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.2 -0.1 0.3 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.0 -5.2 3.6


6.1 Employment (a) 0.3 0.1 0.8 1.6 1.0 0.4 0.0 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.4 -2.1 1.46.2 Activity rate (b) 62.8 61.8 : 66.7 69.5 71.8 73.0 73.6 74.2 74.6 74.9 75.4 75.6 75.86.3 Employment rate (b) 61.3 57.8 : 59.9 63.5 65.6 64.8 65.6 66.8 67.8 68.8 69.7 68.3 69.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate (b) : : : 10.0 8.6 8.6 11.3 10.9 10.0 9.2 8.3 7.7 9.7 8.8 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.3 11.1 5.0 2.1 2.5 2.4 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.2 0.37.2 Real wages per head (d) 5.6 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.9 -0.97.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.2 9.1 3.3 1.0 1.8 2.0 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.8 2.1 4.3 -1.97.4 Real unit labour costs 0.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.5 0.4 -0.1 -1.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.2 3.1 -3.27.5 GDP deflator 5.0 9.4 4.0 1.4 2.2 1.6 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.37.6 Private consumption deflator 4.5 9.8 3.8 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 48.5 47.2 48.2 49.8 48.5 47.9 47.4 47.1 47.3 55.4 50.08.2 Total revenue : : : 46.0 44.6 44.9 46.5 46.5 46.4 46.4 46.7 46.6 46.9 46.58.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.5 -2.6 -3.4 -3.3 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 -0.7 -8.5 -3.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -2.5 -3.0 -3.4 -2.1 -1.1 -1.0 -1.3 -1.1 -1.2 -4.4 -2.18.5 Debt (end of period) : 49.9 : 69.4 71.0 86.9 96.0 93.9 93.0 90.7 88.8 87.0 103.7 99.8


9.1 Long-term interest rate (b) 6.9 11.6 : : 4.3 4.0 3.3 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.4 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate (b) 5.2 11.0 : 4.3 2.8 2.8 0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) (b) 1.7 0.6 : 1.4 1.5 1.2 2.7 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.5 0.8 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (b) (e) 1.6 1.5 : 4.0 2.0 2.4 2.1 -0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -1.2 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate (a) : : 4.6 -2.9 5.3 2.0 0.2 -6.9 4.1 4.2 6.0 -1.1 1.7 0.59.6 Real effective exchange rate (a) : : 110.6 102.1 101.1 111.4 107.5 100.0 103.1 106.4 111.3 109.0 109.3 108.7 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)

(a) 1961-91: including West-Germany (b) 1961-90: including West-Germany (c) Manufacturing industry (d) Private consumption deflator (e) GDP deflator

187


100. Bulgaria(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 3.4 -4.4 0.3 2.6 3.3 -2.6 2.9 3.8 3.5 3.8 4.4 5.8 -5.8 5.61.2 Government consumption 1.9 -5.9 2.1 2.3 -1.8 0.7 -0.1 1.8 2.2 4.3 5.3 5.5 4.0 0.71.3 Gross fixed capital formation 22.0 -17.7 -17.6 -4.4 1.8 0.5 3.5 2.7 -6.6 3.2 5.4 2.2 -18.0 1.01.4 of which equipment 3.8 -45.3 -11.3 26.8 -5.4 1.9 14.0 9.7 -14.8 4.4 8.8 3.1 -21.7 2.41.5 of which construction 46.7 0.5 -21.7 -20.6 9.5 -0.5 -4.1 -3.8 -2.7 -3.2 0.8 1.7 -13.6 0.21.6 Exports of goods and services 2.5 -11.7 11.0 12.6 2.0 9.6 3.1 6.4 8.6 5.8 1.7 1.9 -13.2 10.81.7 Imports of goods and services 4.9 -21.5 -0.9 9.9 5.6 4.3 5.2 4.8 5.2 7.4 5.7 2.4 -12.5 6.81.8 GDP 6.1 -3.4 0.6 2.4 0.4 0.3 1.9 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.4 -7.2 6.0


2.1 Consumption 2.7 -3.9 0.5 2.0 1.8 -1.6 1.8 2.7 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.4 -2.7 3.52.2 Investment 6.2 -5.8 -4.9 -1.0 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.6 -1.4 0.6 1.0 0.4 -3.3 0.22.3 Stockbuilding -0.6 -3.1 -0.2 0.2 0.3 -1.3 0.7 -0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 -1.2 -0.2 0.02.4 Domestic demand 8.3 -12.8 -4.6 1.3 2.4 -2.8 3.2 3.0 1.6 4.2 5.5 3.6 -6.3 3.72.5 Exports 1.3 -6.2 4.7 6.3 1.2 5.8 2.0 4.2 5.5 3.7 1.1 1.3 -8.4 6.12.6 Final demand 9.5 -19.0 0.1 7.6 3.6 3.1 5.3 7.1 7.1 7.9 6.7 4.9 -14.7 9.82.7 Imports -3.5 15.5 0.5 -5.3 -3.3 -2.8 -3.4 -3.1 -3.3 -4.4 -3.6 -1.5 7.5 -3.72.8 Net exports -2.2 9.4 5.1 1.0 -2.1 3.1 -1.3 1.0 2.2 -0.7 -2.4 -0.3 -0.9 2.3


3.1 Private sector savings 8.6 20.2 22.1 21.7 19.6 21.1 20.7 20.1 20.4 22.0 20.8 19.1 19.7 20.13.2 Net savings of households -4.0 0.6 -0.9 -0.1 -3.8 0.4 -0.7 -1.6 -1.1 -0.5 : : : 3.3 General government savings 6.2 -0.1 0.4 0.5 2.1 1.9 1.0 1.5 3.6 3.5 5.2 5.6 1.1 1.93.4 National savings 14.8 20.2 22.5 22.2 21.6 23.0 21.8 21.6 24.0 25.5 25.9 24.7 20.7 22.03.5 Gross capital formation 37.0 28.6 22.7 21.5 22.0 21.1 21.6 21.1 19.0 19.9 21.3 19.5 17.4 16.63.6 Current account -22.1 -8.2 -0.7 0.6 -0.1 2.0 0.4 0.6 5.3 6.1 4.7 5.2 3.3 5.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 71.7 64.2 65.0 68.0 67.2 67.2 70.9 73.5 74.2 75.1 77.0 77.5 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 9.9 2.9 0.6 0.4 -1.5 -3.3 -3.5 -1.7 0.0 1.5 2.7 4.3 -4.9 -0.94.3 Potential GDP gap 4.9 -1.1 -1.3 0.1 -0.6 -1.7 -2.0 -0.8 0.5 1.5 2.2 3.4 -5.0 -0.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 10.0 5.9 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.1 0.5 0.55.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.55.3 Growth of capital intensity 7.5 7.7 7.1 5.0 5.6 3.4 2.2 2.3 1.3 0.1 2.2 1.7 3.1 0.15.4 Labour productivity growth 3.6 -1.7 4.6 4.7 2.9 0.8 1.5 3.6 3.3 1.7 3.2 3.0 -4.8 5.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.0 -5.3 1.1 2.1 0.2 -0.9 0.4 2.5 2.6 1.6 2.1 2.1 -6.2 5.5


6.1 Employment 2.4 -1.7 -3.9 -2.2 -2.5 -0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.8 -0.1 0.3 -2.5 0.56.2 Activity rate 77.6 77.8 78.1 78.0 78.0 79.3 79.6 79.3 79.6 81.2 81.5 82.3 83.8 84.26.3 Employment rate 73.8 73.2 71.1 70.5 69.7 70.3 71.6 72.9 74.3 76.7 77.7 79.1 78.2 79.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.6 6.8 10.3 11.3 12.3 13.0 11.4 9.2 7.6 6.2 5.2 4.2 7.0 5.8 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 16.8 8.1 9.9 6.8 7.7 8.8 5.6 5.6 5.8 10.5 9.7 6.1 3.4 2.37.2 Real wages per head (b) 9.9 7.2 7.3 3.3 4.1 11.7 5.6 4.0 5.3 7.1 7.5 4.0 3.4 0.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 12.7 10.0 5.0 2.0 4.7 8.0 4.0 1.9 2.4 8.7 6.3 3.0 8.6 -3.17.4 Real unit labour costs 4.2 5.7 3.9 -3.7 3.1 8.7 3.5 -0.5 -0.1 4.5 2.2 -1.6 8.1 -5.47.5 GDP deflator 8.1 4.1 1.1 5.9 1.5 -0.7 0.5 2.4 2.5 3.9 4.0 4.7 0.5 2.47.6 Private consumption deflator 6.3 0.8 2.4 3.4 3.5 -2.6 0.0 1.6 0.4 3.2 2.0 2.0 0.0 2.07.7 Terms of trade 1.1 2.3 0.9 3.9 -2.3 -0.5 1.2 1.4 3.4 0.2 1.2 2.0 -1.3 -0.1


8.1 Total expenditure 37.1 39.3 36.4 33.9 34.4 37.9 43.3 40.4 35.0 34.9 36.6 36.3 42.0 40.28.2 Total revenue 38.7 35.2 33.2 31.9 34.1 37.5 37.9 38.7 35.1 36.0 38.5 38.4 39.3 38.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 1.6 -4.0 -3.1 -2.0 -0.3 -0.4 -5.4 -1.7 0.1 1.1 2.0 2.1 -2.8 -1.88.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted 0.1 -3.7 -2.8 -2.0 -0.1 0.1 -4.8 -1.5 -0.1 0.7 1.3 1.1 -1.3 -1.68.5 Debt (end of period) 13.0 13.7 15.4 15.2 16.7 17.1 27.1 26.0 29.3 25.3 22.3 20.4 25.5 25.4


9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.4 7.2 6.0 5.4 4.5 3.5 3.4 2.5 2.3 1.6 0.9 0.4 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 7.1 5.7 4.1 3.8 2.3 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -1.8 1.5 1.9 1.6 2.3 2.3 2.6 1.9 2.1 1.5 0.9 0.5 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -2.5 3.0 4.8 -0.6 2.9 4.2 2.9 0.0 -0.3 -2.3 -3.0 -4.0 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 2.1 3.7 -2.9 1.4 -1.2 2.2 2.7 -0.8 2.4 1.9 3.9 0.5 1.8 0.49.6 Real effective exchange rate 104.7 108.9 105.7 106.6 104.5 104.6 103.7 100.0 99.7 100.4 103.9 104.2 105.4 104.5 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


188


101. Czechia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 2.9 -0.6 1.1 0.3 -1.2 0.5 1.8 3.7 3.6 4.3 3.2 3.0 -4.5 4.01.2 Government consumption 1.1 2.8 0.5 -3.2 -2.0 2.5 1.1 1.9 2.7 1.3 3.4 2.6 3.6 1.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 2.5 -10.1 1.3 0.9 -3.1 -2.5 3.9 10.2 -3.1 3.7 7.6 2.8 -14.5 9.61.4 of which equipment 6.7 -17.3 7.0 4.1 -6.2 0.3 6.4 9.3 -2.5 3.4 8.5 0.3 -25.0 20.91.5 of which construction -1.7 -5.1 -0.3 -4.1 -2.9 -4.9 1.0 9.7 -6.9 3.6 6.7 4.6 -6.4 1.11.6 Exports of goods and services 4.2 -9.8 14.7 9.2 4.3 0.2 8.7 6.0 4.3 6.7 4.4 1.2 -13.3 9.61.7 Imports of goods and services 3.2 -11.0 14.7 6.7 2.7 0.1 10.1 6.8 2.8 5.9 5.9 1.7 -13.0 9.61.8 GDP 2.7 -4.8 2.3 1.8 -0.8 -0.5 2.7 5.3 2.5 4.4 2.8 2.6 -6.2 5.0


2.1 Consumption 1.6 0.2 0.6 -0.5 -1.0 0.8 1.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 -1.4 2.32.2 Investment 0.7 -2.9 0.4 0.2 -0.8 -0.6 1.0 2.6 -0.8 0.9 1.9 0.7 -3.7 2.22.3 Stockbuilding -0.4 -2.6 0.8 0.3 -0.2 -0.7 1.1 0.8 -0.4 0.1 -0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 1.9 -5.3 1.7 -0.1 -2.1 -0.6 3.2 5.5 1.0 3.3 3.6 2.8 -5.2 4.52.5 Exports 2.8 -6.2 8.6 6.1 3.1 0.1 6.6 5.0 3.5 5.3 3.5 0.9 -10.0 6.62.6 Final demand 4.7 -11.5 10.3 6.0 1.0 -0.4 9.9 10.5 4.5 8.6 7.1 3.8 -15.2 11.12.7 Imports -2.1 6.7 -8.1 -4.2 -1.8 0.0 -7.1 -5.2 -2.1 -4.3 -4.3 -1.2 9.0 -6.12.8 Net exports 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.8 1.3 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 1.4 1.1 -0.8 -0.3 -1.0 0.5


3.1 Private sector savings 22.2 22.5 21.7 20.8 21.8 21.2 22.6 23.0 22.0 21.2 21.1 22.5 24.4 23.43.2 Net savings of households 3.2 4.5 4.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.2 3.0 : : 3.3 General government savings 3.9 0.1 0.4 1.5 2.2 2.4 2.1 3.4 4.1 4.9 5.0 4.5 -2.1 0.43.4 National savings 26.1 22.6 22.1 22.3 23.9 23.6 24.7 26.4 26.1 26.2 26.1 27.0 22.3 23.93.5 Gross capital formation 31.1 26.5 27.1 27.0 26.2 24.7 25.9 28.0 26.0 25.9 26.3 26.3 23.8 24.93.6 Current account -4.9 -3.9 -5.1 -4.6 -2.2 -1.1 -1.2 -1.5 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.7 -1.5 -1.0


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 88.8 76.8 79.8 83.7 82.3 81.7 83.0 84.9 84.5 84.2 85.8 85.1 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 7.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 -2.4 -4.6 -3.8 -0.6 -0.1 2.3 3.2 4.0 -4.2 -1.24.3 Potential GDP gap 4.3 -2.3 -1.3 -0.4 -1.7 -3.0 -2.2 0.2 0.1 1.8 2.1 2.0 -5.2 -2.64.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.2 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.9 1.4 1.6 2.1 2.1 0.6 1.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.0 3.8 2.9 2.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.7 1.5 3.8 0.55.4 Labour productivity growth 0.5 -3.1 3.3 2.1 -1.2 -0.8 2.2 3.8 0.8 2.8 1.5 1.9 -3.2 4.25.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.0 -4.9 1.8 1.0 -1.7 -1.1 1.8 3.6 0.9 2.7 1.1 1.1 -5.1 3.9


6.1 Employment 2.2 -1.8 -1.0 -0.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.3 0.7 -3.1 0.86.2 Activity rate 71.9 72.5 73.1 73.2 74.4 75.6 76.5 77.3 78.3 79.2 80.0 80.4 80.6 80.96.3 Employment rate 68.8 67.7 67.9 68.4 69.4 70.5 71.9 73.5 75.3 77.0 78.2 78.8 76.6 77.5 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.4 6.7 7.3 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.1 5.1 4.0 2.9 2.2 2.0 5.0 4.2 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 4.1 -0.6 3.5 2.7 1.7 -0.3 2.6 3.0 4.0 6.4 8.0 6.2 2.5 4.27.2 Real wages per head (b) -0.6 -1.4 3.0 1.0 -0.4 -1.1 2.0 2.9 3.4 4.0 5.6 3.1 0.4 2.57.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.6 2.6 0.1 0.7 3.0 0.5 0.4 -0.8 3.1 3.6 6.5 4.2 5.9 0.07.4 Real unit labour costs 1.5 0.0 1.6 0.6 1.5 -0.9 -2.0 -2.0 1.8 2.1 3.8 0.7 4.4 -1.67.5 GDP deflator 2.1 2.6 -1.4 0.0 1.5 1.4 2.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.6 3.5 1.4 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 4.7 0.9 0.5 1.7 2.2 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.5 2.4 2.3 3.0 2.0 1.67.7 Terms of trade -1.2 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -0.6 1.2 1.5 0.4 1.0 -1.0 0.0 0.4 -0.5 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure 40.6 44.2 43.5 43.0 44.5 42.6 42.4 41.7 40.0 39.5 41.2 41.9 48.5 45.78.2 Total revenue 38.7 38.7 39.3 40.3 40.5 41.4 40.3 41.1 40.7 41.0 42.2 42.1 41.9 41.78.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.0 -5.5 -4.2 -2.7 -3.9 -1.2 -2.1 -0.6 0.7 1.5 0.9 0.3 -6.7 -4.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -3.7 -4.5 -3.7 -2.6 -3.3 0.0 -1.2 -0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1 -0.5 -4.6 -2.98.5 Debt (end of period) 28.3 33.6 37.4 39.8 44.5 44.9 42.2 40.0 36.8 34.7 32.6 30.8 38.7 39.9


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.6 4.8 3.9 3.7 2.8 2.1 1.6 0.6 0.4 1.0 2.0 1.6 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.0 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.3 2.1 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 1.8 1.7 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.7 -0.6 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.5 2.2 5.4 3.7 1.3 0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.5 -0.6 -1.9 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 12.5 -2.8 2.1 3.2 -3.6 -1.7 -4.3 0.0 2.8 3.4 4.6 -0.3 -3.0 -1.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 112.8 108.6 109.9 112.1 109.0 106.5 100.9 100.0 102.6 106.5 111.1 111.5 109.5 108.5 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


189


102. Denmark(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 2.3 0.5 0.5 2.3 2.4 1.6 2.6 2.2 -6.4 5.91.2 Government consumption 5.7 2.3 1.0 2.6 1.4 2.3 0.5 1.7 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.5 3.1 0.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 7.2 0.6 2.7 6.0 1.6 -1.8 2.5 5.5 7.9 3.0 5.4 3.4 -9.5 7.91.4 of which equipment : 4.8 4.6 5.1 0.2 -1.3 4.4 1.4 7.2 3.3 7.4 -5.6 -17.1 15.81.5 of which construction : -2.4 -0.3 5.5 1.9 -5.4 2.5 10.1 5.5 5.0 4.6 7.8 -9.2 6.61.6 Exports of goods and services 6.3 4.4 4.5 7.4 3.4 2.1 3.2 3.6 4.1 4.6 2.4 1.6 -10.7 8.71.7 Imports of goods and services 7.9 2.6 4.1 7.2 5.2 2.3 3.9 4.6 3.7 4.3 3.6 0.1 -8.8 8.11.8 GDP 4.6 2.0 1.9 3.0 1.3 0.2 1.0 2.3 3.2 2.0 2.4 2.4 -5.9 5.1


2.1 Consumption 3.6 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.4 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.2 -2.2 2.92.2 Investment 1.7 0.1 0.6 1.2 0.3 -0.3 0.5 1.1 1.6 0.6 1.2 0.7 -2.1 1.62.3 Stockbuilding -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -0.22.4 Domestic demand 5.2 1.6 1.6 2.6 1.8 0.2 1.1 2.6 2.7 1.5 2.8 1.5 -4.2 4.32.5 Exports 1.6 1.4 1.6 2.8 1.5 1.0 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.5 1.3 0.9 -6.0 4.52.6 Final demand 6.8 3.0 3.2 5.4 3.3 1.3 2.8 4.5 5.0 4.0 4.1 2.4 -10.2 8.92.7 Imports -2.2 -0.9 -1.3 -2.4 -2.0 -1.0 -1.8 -2.2 -1.8 -2.0 -1.7 -0.1 4.3 -3.82.8 Net exports -0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.5 -0.4 0.8 -1.7 0.8


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 19.8 20.8 21.0 23.8 25.4 25.3 24.3 25.4 23.5 31.3 27.63.2 Net savings of households : : -0.6 -2.2 -0.2 -0.6 0.1 1.9 2.8 3.3 3.3 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 2.8 4.2 4.7 3.2 3.5 4.2 5.3 4.6 7.0 -3.4 1.13.4 National savings 24.0 18.5 20.3 22.6 25.0 25.7 27.0 28.9 29.5 29.6 30.0 30.6 27.8 28.73.5 Gross capital formation 26.2 21.8 20.4 21.6 21.6 22.1 19.6 20.6 21.8 21.8 23.0 22.7 21.6 22.03.6 Current account -1.9 -3.3 -0.2 1.0 3.4 3.5 7.4 8.2 7.8 7.8 7.0 7.9 6.2 6.7


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 80.8 83.0 81.9 81.6 78.7 80.6 79.9 79.8 80.8 81.0 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.8 -0.2 0.9 0.1 0.9 -2.0 -0.9 1.0 1.6 2.6 3.7 -3.6 0.04.3 Potential GDP gap : -1.1 -1.0 1.4 1.8 1.2 -2.4 -1.6 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -7.6 -5.04.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 103.5 129.0 159.5 159.9 149.2 158.6 167.0 168.9 169.7 168.0 171.6 141.3 160.9

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.1 2.1 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.7 0.6 1.4 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4 1.3 1.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.55.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.9 1.7 1.4 0.7 1.4 1.6 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 3.0 0.45.4 Labour productivity growth 3.3 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.4 1.0 1.2 -4.3 3.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.5 1.0 1.2 1.6 0.6 -0.5 0.8 1.0 1.5 0.3 0.6 0.6 -5.5 3.4


6.1 Employment 1.2 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.2 -1.6 1.46.2 Activity rate : 80.6 81.9 80.8 81.4 82.4 81.4 81.3 81.9 82.7 83.0 83.8 83.5 83.96.3 Employment rate : 75.9 76.0 76.3 77.4 78.3 75.5 76.3 77.2 78.1 78.9 79.7 78.2 79.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.1 6.1 7.2 5.6 5.0 5.1 7.5 6.3 6.0 5.8 5.1 5.0 6.4 5.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.7 10.4 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.4 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.77.2 Real wages per head (b) 4.5 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.3 0.0 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.17.3 Nominal unit labour costs 7.2 8.6 2.2 1.7 2.4 3.2 0.6 0.8 -0.2 1.1 0.7 0.3 5.6 -1.97.4 Real unit labour costs 0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 0.8 -0.7 0.3 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.7 5.0 -3.77.5 GDP deflator 6.9 9.0 2.6 2.0 2.3 2.5 1.2 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.87.6 Private consumption deflator 6.0 9.3 2.5 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.5 0.4 0.1 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.57.7 Terms of trade 1.2 -1.0 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 55.3 52.8 52.6 56.4 54.5 52.2 51.0 50.7 49.6 59.2 53.58.2 Total revenue : : : 55.0 54.4 54.1 54.9 53.2 52.4 52.8 51.4 53.3 52.0 51.28.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -0.3 1.6 1.5 -1.4 -1.3 0.1 1.8 0.7 3.7 -7.2 -2.38.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -1.1 0.6 0.8 0.0 -0.4 0.4 2.0 0.8 3.6 -2.7 0.68.5 Debt (end of period) 8.9 74.7 73.1 52.4 37.4 42.6 44.3 39.8 37.2 35.8 33.9 33.2 44.7 44.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate 9.0 16.0 9.3 5.8 4.4 3.8 1.8 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.5 -0.2 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 7.0 12.6 9.3 4.1 3.0 3.3 0.6 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 2.0 3.4 0.0 1.7 1.4 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.2 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.0 6.5 6.5 3.7 2.1 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.1 -0.6 -0.4 -1.1 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.6 1.9 0.4 0.2 -2.5 2.2 1.4 2.7 -0.6 1.4 0.49.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 101.0 103.8 106.7 103.1 100.0 101.1 101.6 102.7 100.9 101.6 101.6 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


190


103. Croatia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 3.0 -8.8 -1.5 1.1 -2.4 -1.5 -2.4 0.4 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.5 -6.9 6.11.2 Government consumption -0.8 2.4 -0.5 0.5 -1.4 -0.1 1.8 -0.9 0.5 2.2 1.3 3.3 2.5 0.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 9.2 -14.4 -15.2 -2.7 -3.3 1.4 -2.8 3.8 6.5 5.1 4.1 7.1 -8.2 4.21.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services -2.1 -13.8 7.8 2.3 -1.5 2.5 7.4 10.3 7.0 6.8 3.7 4.6 -29.0 33.71.7 Imports of goods and services 3.8 -20.3 -3.0 3.2 -2.9 3.3 3.2 9.4 6.5 8.4 7.5 4.8 -21.2 23.41.8 GDP 1.8 -7.4 -1.5 -0.3 -2.2 -0.5 -0.1 2.4 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.9 -9.1 7.5


2.1 Consumption 1.7 -4.9 -1.0 0.7 -1.8 -1.0 -1.1 0.0 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.7 -3.5 3.72.2 Investment 2.5 -4.0 -3.8 -0.6 -0.7 0.3 -0.5 0.7 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.4 -1.7 0.92.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 -2.8 -0.4 -0.1 -0.4 0.5 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.5 1.6 -1.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 4.3 -11.8 -5.2 0.1 -2.8 -0.2 -1.7 2.1 3.2 3.8 4.5 3.1 -5.2 4.52.5 Exports -0.8 -5.0 2.5 0.8 -0.6 1.0 3.0 4.5 3.3 3.3 1.8 2.3 -14.9 13.42.6 Final demand 3.5 -16.8 -2.7 0.9 -3.4 0.8 1.3 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.4 5.4 -20.1 17.92.7 Imports -1.8 9.5 1.2 -1.2 1.2 -1.4 -1.4 -4.1 -3.0 -3.9 -3.7 -2.5 10.9 -10.42.8 Net exports -2.6 4.5 3.7 -0.4 0.6 -0.4 1.6 0.4 0.3 -0.6 -1.8 -0.1 -3.9 3.0


3.1 Private sector savings 15.5 17.2 19.0 19.4 18.0 : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households 0.8 4.2 4.7 4.5 4.8 : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings 4.8 1.3 -0.4 -1.7 -0.7 -0.4 -0.1 1.1 3.5 4.4 5.0 5.7 -2.4 2.33.4 National savings 20.3 18.5 18.6 17.8 17.3 : : : : : : : : 3.5 Gross capital formation 30.9 25.3 21.1 20.1 19.0 19.6 19.1 20.6 21.0 21.8 23.2 22.8 23.2 22.43.6 Current account -8.7 -4.9 -1.0 -0.6 0.5 : : : : : : : :


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 77.0 65.9 66.8 68.5 67.9 67.5 69.1 70.7 73.1 73.7 74.6 74.5 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 9.4 0.6 -1.2 -1.7 -4.0 -4.7 -5.1 -3.4 -0.8 1.4 3.1 5.0 -5.6 0.34.3 Potential GDP gap 4.9 -2.6 -2.8 -1.8 -2.8 -2.9 -3.0 -1.6 0.1 1.5 2.5 3.7 -6.1 -0.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 6.5 4.0 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.8 1.8 2.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.65.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.3 4.8 6.1 6.0 5.6 4.5 -1.3 0.3 1.6 0.0 0.5 1.3 5.9 -1.05.4 Labour productivity growth -0.4 -6.7 2.4 3.7 1.4 2.1 -2.7 1.2 3.2 0.9 0.8 1.5 -5.5 4.35.5 Total factor productivity growth -2.0 -8.4 -0.1 1.3 -0.8 0.4 -2.2 1.1 2.5 0.9 0.6 1.0 -7.6 4.8


6.1 Employment 2.1 -0.7 -3.8 -3.9 -3.6 -2.6 2.7 1.2 0.3 2.2 1.8 1.4 -3.9 3.06.2 Activity rate 67.7 67.6 66.9 65.9 65.5 65.1 67.4 68.1 66.7 67.8 68.1 68.2 68.4 68.66.3 Employment rate 61.9 61.5 59.1 57.0 55.1 53.9 55.8 57.1 58.0 60.3 62.4 63.7 61.5 63.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 8.6 9.2 11.7 13.7 16.0 17.3 17.3 16.2 13.1 11.2 8.5 6.6 10.2 7.4 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 4.4 0.0 2.1 3.6 0.1 -1.2 -5.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 2.2 3.4 -1.2 1.17.2 Real wages per head (b) -1.0 -3.0 0.7 1.4 -3.0 -3.1 -4.8 1.0 1.5 -0.7 0.8 2.5 -1.6 0.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.7 7.2 -0.2 -0.1 -1.3 -3.3 -2.4 -0.5 -2.7 -0.7 1.4 1.9 4.5 -3.17.4 Real unit labour costs -0.8 4.1 -1.2 -1.7 -2.7 -4.0 -2.6 -0.6 -2.6 -1.9 -0.4 0.4 3.7 -4.07.5 GDP deflator 5.6 3.0 0.9 1.7 1.5 0.8 0.1 0.1 -0.1 1.2 1.8 1.5 0.7 0.97.6 Private consumption deflator 5.4 3.2 1.4 2.2 3.2 1.9 -0.3 -0.3 -1.1 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.4 0.97.7 Terms of trade 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.5 -0.6 -0.2 0.3 0.5 1.4 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.1 -0.4


8.1 Total expenditure 45.8 48.9 48.5 49.0 48.3 48.3 48.7 48.6 47.4 45.3 46.3 47.1 53.4 49.68.2 Total revenue 43.0 42.8 42.1 41.1 43.0 42.9 43.4 45.3 46.5 46.1 46.5 47.5 46.3 47.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.8 -6.0 -6.5 -7.9 -5.4 -5.3 -5.3 -3.3 -1.0 0.8 0.2 0.4 -7.1 -2.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -5.0 -4.9 -5.2 -7.1 -4.1 -4.1 -4.0 -2.6 -1.0 0.1 -0.9 -1.2 -4.4 -1.98.5 Debt (end of period) 39.3 48.7 57.8 64.4 70.1 81.2 84.7 84.3 80.8 77.8 74.7 73.2 88.6 83.4


9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.0 7.8 6.3 6.5 6.1 4.7 4.1 3.6 3.5 2.8 2.2 1.3 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : : 2.9 2.7 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.1 2.3 2.6 2.2 1.7 0.8 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.5 4.7 5.3 4.8 4.6 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.6 1.6 0.4 -0.2 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 3.0 1.1 -2.1 -1.4 -2.8 1.3 2.0 0.7 3.0 1.3 3.3 -0.2 -0.8 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 107.5 109.1 105.3 102.4 99.9 101.1 101.5 100.0 101.2 101.8 104.3 102.7 101.0 100.0 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


191


104. Hungary(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption -1.3 -6.7 -2.8 0.6 -2.4 0.0 2.3 3.8 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.1 -6.0 5.51.2 Government consumption 3.1 0.7 -0.2 0.4 -1.4 3.1 5.2 1.9 0.7 2.4 0.9 1.7 5.0 -1.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 1.2 -9.1 -9.5 -1.3 -3.0 9.8 12.3 4.8 -10.6 18.7 17.1 15.3 -18.7 8.91.4 of which equipment -1.7 -15.4 -4.0 6.4 2.9 2.6 21.5 1.5 2.5 16.1 10.2 10.7 -27.6 15.81.5 of which construction 2.1 -5.9 -13.5 -7.7 -8.3 11.1 10.6 6.3 -21.0 28.0 23.5 16.8 -14.7 4.81.6 Exports of goods and services 6.7 -10.7 11.1 6.4 -1.7 4.1 9.2 7.4 3.8 6.9 4.3 6.0 -14.0 11.21.7 Imports of goods and services 6.0 -14.5 9.9 4.3 -3.5 4.3 11.0 6.0 3.4 8.2 6.8 6.9 -15.0 10.11.8 GDP 1.1 -6.7 0.7 1.8 -1.5 2.0 4.2 3.8 2.2 4.3 5.1 4.9 -7.0 6.0


2.1 Consumption -0.1 -3.4 -1.5 0.4 -1.6 0.6 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.8 -1.9 2.42.2 Investment 0.3 -2.1 -2.1 -0.3 -0.6 1.9 2.6 1.1 -2.4 3.7 3.8 3.9 -5.4 2.22.3 Stockbuilding 0.3 -4.1 3.0 -0.3 -0.6 -0.7 0.1 -1.1 1.4 -1.8 0.4 -1.3 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 0.5 -9.7 -0.6 -0.1 -2.8 1.8 4.9 2.3 1.6 4.8 6.7 5.4 -7.3 4.62.5 Exports 5.2 -8.5 8.3 5.2 -1.5 3.5 7.9 6.4 3.3 6.0 3.8 5.1 -11.7 8.62.6 Final demand 5.7 -18.2 7.6 5.1 -4.3 5.4 12.8 8.7 4.9 10.7 10.5 10.5 -19.0 13.22.7 Imports -4.6 11.5 -7.0 -3.3 2.8 -3.4 -8.6 -4.9 -2.7 -6.4 -5.4 -5.6 11.9 -7.32.8 Net exports 0.6 3.0 1.3 2.0 1.3 0.1 -0.7 1.6 0.6 -0.5 -1.7 -0.4 0.2 1.3


3.1 Private sector savings 17.4 20.7 22.3 22.4 20.1 23.8 23.0 22.2 22.7 21.9 22.6 23.4 25.1 25.53.2 Net savings of households 1.8 3.2 3.3 3.7 2.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.6 : : 3.3 General government savings 0.2 -1.2 -1.5 -1.5 0.8 0.6 1.6 3.4 3.2 3.3 4.3 4.3 1.1 1.73.4 National savings 17.6 19.5 20.9 21.0 20.9 24.4 24.7 25.6 26.0 25.1 26.9 27.7 26.1 27.23.5 Gross capital formation 24.6 20.3 20.6 20.4 19.3 20.9 23.4 23.3 21.3 22.8 27.2 28.6 24.8 25.73.6 Current account -7.0 -0.7 0.3 0.6 1.6 3.5 1.2 2.3 4.7 2.3 -0.3 -0.9 1.3 1.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 84.8 72.6 77.5 78.3 76.4 77.4 80.2 81.7 81.7 82.7 85.4 83.6 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 4.9 -3.1 -3.5 -2.8 -5.4 -5.0 -2.7 -1.0 -0.9 1.1 3.9 6.6 -2.9 0.84.3 Potential GDP gap 1.8 -4.9 -3.8 -1.8 -3.3 -2.5 -0.4 0.8 0.6 1.8 3.1 4.1 -5.2 -2.14.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.6 2.2 1.0 0.8 0.4 1.4 2.4 2.7 1.4 2.9 4.6 5.8 2.7 3.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.35.3 Growth of capital intensity 5.5 4.2 1.7 0.8 -0.5 0.1 -2.1 0.5 -2.2 1.0 2.1 4.1 6.8 2.25.4 Labour productivity growth 2.9 -4.9 1.3 1.8 -2.4 0.7 -0.4 1.6 -1.5 2.4 2.7 3.2 -3.4 4.85.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.1 -6.9 0.5 1.4 -2.1 0.6 0.7 1.3 -0.3 1.8 1.6 1.1 -6.5 3.7


6.1 Employment -1.7 -1.9 -0.7 0.0 0.9 1.3 4.6 2.2 3.7 1.9 2.4 1.7 -3.8 1.16.2 Activity rate 60.4 60.5 61.2 61.8 63.3 64.2 66.4 68.1 69.7 70.7 71.6 72.6 73.1 73.76.3 Employment rate 55.7 54.4 54.4 55.0 56.3 57.7 61.3 63.4 66.2 67.8 68.9 70.1 67.9 69.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 7.8 10.0 11.2 11.0 11.0 10.2 7.7 6.8 5.1 4.2 3.7 3.4 7.0 6.1 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 7.7 -3.3 1.2 4.2 3.0 0.4 0.6 2.0 2.4 7.0 6.2 9.4 5.0 4.47.2 Real wages per head (b) 1.8 -7.3 -2.6 0.3 -3.1 -1.6 -0.4 2.1 2.2 4.1 3.0 5.6 1.9 1.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.7 1.6 -0.2 2.3 5.5 -0.3 1.0 0.4 4.0 4.5 3.4 6.0 8.6 -0.47.4 Real unit labour costs -0.1 -2.5 -2.5 0.1 2.2 -3.2 -2.5 -2.0 3.0 0.8 -1.0 1.5 4.2 -3.47.5 GDP deflator 4.8 4.2 2.4 2.2 3.2 3.0 3.6 2.5 1.0 3.7 4.5 4.5 4.2 3.17.6 Private consumption deflator 5.8 4.2 3.8 3.9 6.3 2.0 1.1 -0.1 0.2 2.7 3.1 3.6 3.0 2.77.7 Terms of trade -0.9 0.8 0.0 -1.4 -1.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 -0.6 -1.1 0.1 1.0 0.0




9.1 Long-term interest rate 8.2 9.1 7.3 7.6 7.9 5.9 4.8 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.5 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 8.7 9.3 6.2 6.6 8.1 4.2 2.5 1.6 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.5 -0.1 1.1 1.1 -0.2 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.8 2.9 2.3 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 3.3 4.7 4.8 5.3 4.5 2.9 1.2 1.0 2.1 -0.7 -1.4 -2.0 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 1.2 -7.4 -0.8 -0.9 -4.8 -1.0 -2.2 -1.2 1.2 1.4 -1.1 -2.1 -6.2 -0.79.6 Real effective exchange rate 115.0 108.9 110.7 110.2 107.8 106.2 102.4 100.0 100.8 102.6 102.0 101.2 96.7 96.8 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


192


105. Poland(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 6.8 3.6 2.7 3.1 0.7 0.3 2.4 3.0 3.9 4.5 4.5 3.8 -4.9 3.81.2 Government consumption 4.4 3.5 3.0 -1.8 -0.3 2.5 4.3 2.3 1.9 2.9 3.7 4.9 2.9 2.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 8.8 -2.7 0.0 8.8 -1.8 -1.1 10.0 6.1 -8.2 4.0 9.4 7.2 -8.4 5.91.4 of which equipment 10.5 -16.6 -0.9 12.4 -4.5 4.6 11.1 12.1 -7.6 8.3 1.6 9.0 -11.4 9.11.5 of which construction 8.0 6.8 1.3 7.9 -1.2 -4.8 8.9 2.2 -10.2 -0.2 10.4 5.5 -5.9 3.11.6 Exports of goods and services 7.1 -5.9 13.1 7.9 4.6 6.1 6.7 7.7 8.8 9.5 7.0 4.7 -9.8 8.61.7 Imports of goods and services 9.5 -12.4 14.3 5.8 -0.3 1.7 10.0 6.6 7.6 9.8 7.6 2.7 -10.6 8.91.8 GDP 4.2 2.8 3.6 5.0 1.6 1.4 3.3 3.8 3.1 4.9 5.3 4.1 -4.3 4.1


2.1 Consumption 4.9 2.9 2.3 1.6 0.4 0.7 2.2 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.3 3.1 -2.3 2.62.2 Investment 2.0 -0.6 0.0 1.8 -0.4 -0.2 1.9 1.2 -1.6 0.7 1.6 1.3 -1.6 1.02.3 Stockbuilding -1.3 -2.5 2.0 0.9 -0.5 -1.0 0.5 -0.2 1.2 0.8 0.5 -1.4 -0.3 0.12.4 Domestic demand 5.5 -0.2 4.2 4.3 -0.5 -0.6 4.7 3.2 2.2 4.7 5.4 2.9 -4.1 3.72.5 Exports 2.7 -2.3 4.9 3.1 2.0 2.7 3.1 3.7 4.4 5.0 3.8 2.6 -5.5 4.42.6 Final demand 8.3 -2.5 9.1 7.5 1.5 2.1 7.8 6.9 6.6 9.6 9.2 5.5 -9.6 8.22.7 Imports -4.0 5.3 -5.5 -2.4 0.1 -0.8 -4.4 -3.0 -3.5 -4.7 -3.8 -1.4 5.4 -4.12.8 Net exports -1.3 3.1 -0.6 0.7 2.1 1.9 -1.3 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.0 1.2 -0.1 0.3


3.1 Private sector savings 16.7 19.2 18.9 17.9 17.6 19.2 18.8 19.5 18.8 17.6 16.1 17.1 21.5 19.53.2 Net savings of households 0.2 1.8 1.5 -0.7 -0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.9 0.2 -0.5 : : 3.3 General government savings 1.3 -2.1 -2.4 -0.2 0.1 -0.7 0.2 1.2 0.8 2.4 3.7 2.9 -2.5 0.03.4 National savings 18.0 17.2 16.5 17.7 17.7 18.5 19.0 20.7 19.6 19.9 19.8 20.0 18.9 19.53.5 Gross capital formation 24.6 20.6 21.3 22.4 21.0 19.0 20.4 20.5 19.6 19.8 20.7 19.6 18.3 18.63.6 Current account -6.6 -3.4 -4.8 -4.8 -3.3 -0.5 -1.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.7 0.4 0.6 0.9


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 79.9 71.1 73.8 73.6 74.7 74.1 77.1 78.1 78.7 80.0 82.8 81.4 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 2.2 1.1 0.9 2.2 0.3 -1.7 -1.6 -1.1 -1.1 0.7 3.1 4.5 -2.4 -0.94.3 Potential GDP gap 2.2 1.0 0.7 1.4 -0.4 -1.9 -1.6 -1.0 -0.6 1.3 3.4 4.0 -2.5 -1.84.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 6.0 5.3 4.9 5.4 4.7 3.9 4.4 4.6 3.3 3.3 3.8 4.1 2.8 3.15.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.05.3 Growth of capital intensity 2.1 4.9 7.7 4.8 4.6 4.0 2.7 3.0 2.4 1.9 3.2 4.3 7.7 0.95.4 Labour productivity growth 0.4 2.4 6.4 4.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.3 2.2 3.6 4.8 4.4 0.3 1.85.5 Total factor productivity growth -0.6 0.1 2.7 2.1 -0.7 -0.5 0.3 0.8 1.1 2.6 3.2 2.3 -3.3 1.4


6.1 Employment 3.8 0.4 -2.7 0.6 0.1 -0.1 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.5 -0.2 -4.5 2.26.2 Activity rate 62.7 63.8 63.3 63.7 64.4 64.9 65.7 66.1 66.2 66.9 67.1 67.3 67.9 68.66.3 Employment rate 58.3 58.5 57.2 57.6 57.9 58.2 59.8 61.1 62.1 63.6 64.5 65.1 62.9 65.0 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 7.1 8.2 9.7 9.7 10.1 10.3 9.0 7.5 6.2 4.9 3.9 3.3 7.5 5.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.3 3.4 8.9 5.3 3.6 1.7 2.2 1.7 4.8 5.8 7.9 7.3 3.8 2.67.2 Real wages per head (b) 4.0 0.7 6.3 0.4 0.2 1.3 2.3 2.9 5.2 3.7 6.2 5.4 1.3 0.07.3 Nominal unit labour costs 7.8 0.9 2.4 0.8 2.0 0.2 0.6 -0.6 2.5 2.2 3.0 2.8 3.5 0.77.4 Real unit labour costs 3.8 -2.8 0.7 -2.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 -1.3 2.2 0.3 1.8 -0.1 1.0 -1.87.5 GDP deflator 3.9 3.8 1.7 3.2 2.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.3 1.9 1.2 2.9 2.4 2.57.6 Private consumption deflator 4.1 2.7 2.5 4.9 3.3 0.4 -0.1 -1.1 -0.4 2.0 1.6 1.9 2.4 2.67.7 Terms of trade -1.4 3.2 -1.5 -1.5 -1.2 1.0 1.9 2.4 0.5 0.2 -1.0 1.6 0.5 0.3




9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.1 6.1 5.8 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.5 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.2 2.4 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 6.4 4.4 3.9 4.5 4.9 3.0 2.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.3 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.5 0.6 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.1 2.3 4.1 2.6 2.6 3.7 3.0 1.9 2.7 1.5 2.0 -0.6 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 9.5 -16.6 5.5 -2.7 -3.2 1.5 2.5 -0.3 -2.3 3.2 2.1 -1.1 -3.2 -0.99.6 Real effective exchange rate 117.5 100.3 106.3 103.9 101.5 101.7 102.6 100.0 96.5 99.3 100.2 99.2 97.4 97.5 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


193


106. Romania(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 8.7 -6.4 -5.0 1.4 2.0 0.1 4.7 6.0 7.9 10.0 7.3 5.9 -6.2 4.91.2 Government consumption 5.9 -4.1 -1.6 -1.2 7.5 -2.9 3.5 -0.3 2.2 4.2 2.1 6.4 3.4 1.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 17.8 -33.9 -2.8 6.1 3.1 -5.6 3.3 7.5 -0.2 3.6 -1.2 18.2 -15.0 5.01.4 of which equipment 15.4 -26.3 -17.7 24.2 -4.4 4.1 -6.3 -3.9 -8.9 -9.9 4.3 17.8 -22.1 7.21.5 of which construction 20.0 -39.2 8.0 -5.6 11.7 -14.5 10.2 20.9 7.4 10.7 -4.0 20.9 -10.0 4.01.6 Exports of goods and services 13.8 -5.7 15.5 12.1 1.1 20.2 8.0 4.6 16.0 7.6 6.2 4.6 -12.8 9.91.7 Imports of goods and services 11.2 -20.8 12.6 10.1 -1.8 8.8 8.7 8.0 16.5 10.8 9.1 8.0 -14.4 9.81.8 GDP 9.3 -5.5 -3.9 2.0 2.1 3.5 3.4 3.9 4.8 7.1 4.4 4.1 -6.0 4.2


2.1 Consumption 6.8 -4.7 -3.4 0.7 2.3 -0.3 3.4 3.6 5.2 6.9 5.0 4.8 -3.4 3.42.2 Investment 6.3 -12.7 -0.7 1.6 0.9 -1.5 0.8 1.8 -0.1 0.8 -0.3 3.8 -3.5 1.12.3 Stockbuilding -2.8 5.2 0.3 -0.3 -2.3 1.6 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.8 1.2 -2.9 -0.3 0.02.4 Domestic demand 10.3 -12.1 -3.9 2.0 0.9 -0.3 3.8 5.3 5.1 8.5 5.9 5.8 -7.2 4.42.5 Exports 3.4 -1.5 4.0 3.9 0.4 7.6 3.2 1.9 6.6 3.1 2.6 1.9 -5.2 3.62.6 Final demand 13.7 -13.6 0.2 5.9 1.3 7.3 7.0 7.2 11.7 11.7 8.4 7.7 -12.3 8.02.7 Imports -4.3 8.1 -4.1 -3.9 0.8 -3.8 -3.5 -3.3 -6.9 -4.5 -4.0 -3.6 6.4 -3.82.8 Net exports -0.9 6.6 0.0 0.0 1.2 3.8 -0.3 -1.4 -0.3 -1.4 -1.4 -1.7 1.2 -0.3


3.1 Private sector savings 20.3 26.1 23.1 22.1 21.5 22.6 22.0 21.0 20.1 20.7 17.7 19.3 23.2 24.83.2 Net savings of households -11.6 -11.8 -8.4 -10.6 -12.7 -9.2 -10.9 -10.4 -9.6 -8.4 -5.1 : : 3.3 General government savings 1.4 -3.4 -1.6 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.2 2.9 1.2 -0.6 0.0 -0.9 -6.3 -7.83.4 National savings 21.7 22.7 21.5 23.1 22.5 24.6 24.2 24.0 21.3 20.1 17.7 18.4 16.9 17.03.5 Gross capital formation 33.1 27.2 27.1 28.1 27.0 25.6 24.7 25.1 23.3 23.4 22.8 22.9 20.3 20.43.6 Current account -11.4 -4.5 -5.6 -5.1 -4.5 -1.0 -0.5 -1.1 -2.0 -3.4 -4.4 -4.6 -3.3 -3.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 82.4 72.2 74.8 79.9 78.8 78.0 79.4 76.9 78.0 76.3 76.0 74.6 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 13.7 4.1 -2.9 -3.6 -4.3 -3.7 -3.3 -2.5 -0.8 3.1 4.6 6.0 -2.9 -1.44.3 Potential GDP gap 8.0 0.0 -4.5 -3.4 -2.9 -1.8 -1.4 -1.5 -1.1 1.3 1.0 0.5 -8.0 -6.64.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 14.7 5.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 3.1 2.9 3.4 2.5 1.8 3.3 5.0 2.4 2.75.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.15.3 Growth of capital intensity 16.3 9.2 7.8 6.7 2.8 4.0 2.1 4.8 3.6 -0.5 3.1 5.0 5.0 2.15.4 Labour productivity growth 10.8 -1.9 -0.7 4.4 0.6 4.4 2.6 5.2 6.0 4.6 4.2 4.1 -3.6 3.55.5 Total factor productivity growth 3.6 -5.7 -4.0 1.5 -0.6 2.6 1.7 3.0 4.3 4.9 2.8 1.9 -5.7 2.6


6.1 Employment -1.4 -3.7 -3.2 -2.3 1.4 -0.9 0.8 -1.3 -1.1 2.4 0.2 -0.1 -2.5 0.66.2 Activity rate 73.2 73.6 73.6 73.1 69.2 69.0 69.8 69.7 69.1 71.1 71.6 72.3 73.3 74.06.3 Employment rate 69.0 68.7 68.9 68.3 64.6 64.2 65.1 65.0 65.1 67.6 68.6 69.5 68.6 70.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.8 6.9 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.8 5.9 4.9 4.2 3.9 6.5 5.4 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 36.4 -3.6 10.9 -2.8 3.4 4.1 6.9 1.9 15.0 14.8 13.4 8.9 2.6 4.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 23.3 -7.1 4.7 -6.3 -1.0 1.4 5.7 1.0 14.1 11.8 8.8 3.5 0.5 2.87.3 Nominal unit labour costs 23.1 -1.7 11.7 -6.9 2.8 -0.3 4.2 -3.1 8.5 9.8 8.8 4.5 6.4 1.37.4 Real unit labour costs 6.1 -5.6 7.8 -10.3 -1.2 -3.6 2.4 -5.6 5.9 4.9 2.4 -2.2 4.0 -1.27.5 GDP deflator 16.0 4.1 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.4 1.7 2.6 2.5 4.7 6.3 6.9 2.3 2.57.6 Private consumption deflator 10.7 3.8 5.9 3.8 4.5 2.6 1.1 1.0 0.7 2.7 4.2 5.2 2.0 2.07.7 Terms of trade 2.9 0.5 1.4 1.7 -1.2 1.0 1.5 2.8 -0.3 0.1 0.8 1.1 -0.2 0.5




9.1 Long-term interest rate 7.7 9.7 7.3 7.3 6.7 5.4 4.5 3.5 3.3 4.0 4.7 4.5 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 12.3 11.3 6.5 5.6 5.1 4.0 2.3 1.3 0.8 1.2 2.8 3.1 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -4.6 -1.7 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.8 1.9 1.4 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -7.2 5.4 3.7 3.4 2.6 2.0 2.7 0.8 0.8 -0.7 -1.5 -2.2 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate -8.1 -10.8 -1.9 0.5 -6.3 2.9 1.6 -0.7 1.0 -0.8 0.7 -1.9 -0.4 0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 107.3 99.4 101.0 103.8 97.5 101.3 102.7 100.0 98.8 97.1 99.3 99.0 99.9 101.2 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


194


107. Sweden(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 3.3 1.2 1.1 3.6 2.2 2.6 1.8 3.5 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.2 -5.2 3.41.2 Government consumption 4.9 2.6 1.5 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.2 2.2 3.7 0.1 0.4 0.4 3.9 -0.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.4 1.3 0.0 5.4 2.7 2.0 2.7 5.8 4.1 5.6 4.2 -1.2 -14.3 6.71.4 of which equipment : : 2.8 8.0 2.7 2.3 3.0 5.3 6.6 1.7 0.9 -4.2 -39.3 19.31.5 of which construction : -0.5 -2.9 1.3 5.0 1.7 2.4 7.4 6.4 6.3 1.8 -1.8 -6.2 4.31.6 Exports of goods and services 7.7 3.5 4.8 9.3 4.8 2.0 2.7 6.3 2.8 4.3 3.2 4.2 -12.0 6.51.7 Imports of goods and services 6.1 2.6 3.8 8.7 2.9 2.9 3.5 5.7 3.8 4.8 3.6 1.8 -11.5 5.11.8 GDP 4.1 1.9 1.5 3.6 2.6 1.9 1.6 4.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 1.2 -6.1 4.3


2.1 Consumption 2.7 1.3 0.9 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.2 2.2 1.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 -1.3 1.52.2 Investment 1.0 0.3 0.0 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.1 -0.3 -3.6 1.52.3 Stockbuilding -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.5 0.42.4 Domestic demand 3.6 1.6 1.2 3.0 1.6 2.2 1.8 4.0 2.7 2.4 2.3 0.1 -5.4 3.52.5 Exports 1.7 1.0 1.5 3.6 2.0 0.9 1.2 2.7 1.2 1.9 1.4 1.9 -5.7 2.82.6 Final demand 5.1 2.6 2.7 6.5 3.7 3.1 3.0 6.7 4.0 4.3 3.7 2.0 -11.1 6.32.7 Imports -1.3 -0.7 -1.1 -2.9 -1.0 -1.2 -1.4 -2.3 -1.5 -1.9 -1.5 -0.8 5.0 -2.12.8 Net exports 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 1.1 -0.7 0.8


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 20.7 23.1 24.6 24.6 23.4 22.2 23.2 23.7 24.8 27.3 25.23.2 Net savings of households 5.3 3.3 1.7 0.5 2.5 4.4 6.9 6.3 7.3 6.9 8.1 8.8 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 4.3 4.3 5.6 3.3 4.2 5.4 5.9 5.7 5.4 -0.3 2.93.4 National savings 28.5 23.1 23.3 25.0 27.5 30.2 27.9 27.7 27.6 29.2 29.4 30.3 27.0 28.23.5 Gross capital formation 29.7 24.6 23.6 21.8 22.5 23.6 23.4 24.4 24.7 25.8 26.8 25.8 23.3 24.13.6 Current account 0.9 -0.7 0.1 3.2 5.0 6.6 4.6 3.2 2.9 3.4 2.6 4.4 3.7 4.0


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : 84.3 83.0 82.0 81.0 83.2 85.3 87.8 86.0 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.4 0.3 -0.4 0.4 0.8 -1.3 0.9 1.5 2.3 3.0 2.8 -4.8 -2.04.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.1 -0.2 -1.5 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.8 -6.3 -3.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 87.0 88.9 93.2 91.5 94.3 88.5 93.8 93.3 92.0 89.0 88.4 76.5 79.4

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.7 3.0 2.5 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.2 1.0 1.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 3.1 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.1 2.3 3.1 0.9 1.5 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.3 -0.1 0.9 1.6 3.7 0.35.4 Labour productivity growth 3.5 1.1 2.1 2.8 2.4 1.2 0.2 2.9 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.7 -3.6 3.25.5 Total factor productivity growth 1.5 0.0 0.6 2.4 1.7 0.5 0.0 2.6 0.4 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -5.3 3.0


6.1 Employment 0.6 0.9 -0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.3 1.5 0.7 -2.6 1.16.2 Activity rate 74.1 80.6 81.4 78.1 78.9 80.7 83.2 84.7 84.8 85.6 85.8 86.2 86.2 86.56.3 Employment rate 72.5 78.2 77.0 70.9 74.2 74.8 76.6 78.4 78.9 79.9 80.3 80.3 77.8 78.4 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 2.2 3.0 5.5 9.1 5.9 7.3 8.0 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.8 9.7 9.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.4 10.8 6.8 4.3 3.7 3.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.1 3.9 3.0 -1.3 5.67.2 Real wages per head (b) 3.5 0.7 1.1 3.3 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.7 0.3 1.7 1.1 -1.6 4.57.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.7 9.6 4.7 1.5 1.3 2.2 2.4 -0.3 2.0 2.1 3.3 2.4 2.4 2.37.4 Real unit labour costs -0.1 -0.1 -0.7 0.3 -0.1 0.0 1.2 -2.4 0.5 -0.1 0.9 -0.4 1.3 1.07.5 GDP deflator 4.9 9.7 5.4 1.1 1.3 2.2 1.2 2.2 1.5 2.2 2.3 2.7 1.0 1.37.6 Private consumption deflator 4.8 10.0 5.7 1.0 1.4 1.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.8 2.2 1.9 0.3 1.07.7 Terms of trade -0.5 -1.4 0.2 -1.2 -1.4 0.4 0.0 0.7 0.3 -0.9 -1.5 0.5 0.1 0.3


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 57.4 53.2 50.8 50.9 49.5 49.7 49.3 49.8 49.3 55.1 52.08.2 Total revenue : : : 57.4 53.4 52.2 49.8 49.5 50.7 50.7 50.6 49.8 49.5 49.88.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : 0.0 0.2 1.4 -1.0 0.0 1.0 1.4 0.8 0.5 -5.6 -2.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : 0.4 0.3 1.4 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.1 -2.1 -0.28.5 Debt (end of period) 24.9 57.4 69.2 50.6 49.0 38.1 45.1 43.9 42.2 40.8 38.8 35.1 42.6 42.5


9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.3 11.0 10.7 6.0 4.6 3.6 2.0 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.0 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : 10.6 4.4 3.2 2.6 1.6 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 0.0 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : 0.1 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.1 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.4 1.2 5.1 4.8 3.2 1.3 0.8 -1.4 -0.9 -1.5 -1.6 -2.6 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 1.9 0.3 -0.2 1.7 -5.1 1.0 -0.8 -3.8 -3.6 -0.8 -0.29.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 115.3 108.7 105.8 108.9 100.0 100.9 100.1 96.2 92.5 91.2 90.5 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


195


108. EU-27(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 0.6 -1.1 0.9 0.3 -0.9 -0.5 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.6 -8.5 6.71.2 Government consumption 2.6 2.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 1.0 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.8 3.3 0.61.3 Gross fixed capital formation -0.3 -11.3 -0.4 2.0 -2.8 -2.0 2.1 5.0 3.3 3.7 2.9 5.7 -13.2 9.71.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 1.5 -12.0 11.0 6.7 2.2 2.1 5.0 6.6 3.4 5.6 3.5 2.7 -12.8 9.51.7 Imports of goods and services 1.3 -11.8 9.7 4.7 -1.0 1.5 5.4 7.4 4.4 5.3 3.3 3.7 -12.8 9.51.8 GDP 0.6 -4.3 2.2 1.8 -0.7 -0.1 1.6 2.3 2.1 2.7 2.1 1.5 -7.4 6.1


2.1 Consumption 0.9 -0.1 0.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 -3.9 3.72.2 Investment -0.1 -2.6 -0.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.2 -2.9 2.02.3 Stockbuilding -0.2 -1.3 1.0 0.4 -1.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 0.12.4 Domestic demand 0.6 -4.1 1.5 1.0 -2.1 -0.4 1.6 2.5 2.3 2.4 1.9 1.8 -6.9 5.72.5 Exports 0.6 -4.9 4.0 2.7 1.0 0.9 2.2 3.0 1.6 2.6 1.7 1.3 -6.3 4.32.6 Final demand 1.1 -9.0 5.6 3.7 -1.1 0.6 3.8 5.5 3.9 5.0 3.6 3.1 -13.2 10.02.7 Imports -0.5 4.8 -3.4 -1.8 0.4 -0.6 -2.2 -3.1 -1.9 -2.3 -1.4 -1.7 5.8 -3.92.8 Net exports 0.1 -0.2 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.4 0.3 -0.3 -0.5 0.4


3.1 Private sector savings 20.9 22.7 22.9 22.6 21.9 : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings 2.3 -1.5 -1.1 -0.1 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.6 3.0 2.8 -4.3 0.03.4 National savings 23.2 21.2 21.7 22.5 22.4 : : : : : : : : 3.5 Gross capital formation 24.0 20.6 21.2 21.8 20.3 19.9 20.3 20.8 21.0 21.4 21.9 22.3 20.7 21.53.6 Current account -0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 2.1 : : : : : : : :


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 83.0 71.7 76.7 80.3 79.0 78.6 80.1 80.8 81.3 82.7 83.6 82.2 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 3.3 -2.2 -0.9 0.1 -1.5 -2.4 -1.8 -0.5 0.5 2.1 3.3 3.7 -4.9 -0.24.3 Potential GDP gap 1.9 -3.4 -2.0 -0.9 -2.1 -2.9 -2.3 -1.4 -0.6 0.7 1.3 1.2 -7.0 -2.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.6 0.4 1.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.05.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.4 3.2 2.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.6 5.0 -2.25.4 Labour productivity growth -0.3 -2.5 3.4 2.0 -0.2 0.5 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.5 -3.2 2.75.5 Total factor productivity growth -0.8 -3.8 2.4 1.4 -0.8 0.0 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.3 -5.2 3.7


6.1 Employment 1.0 -1.7 -0.8 0.0 -0.7 -0.4 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.0 -2.4 1.46.2 Activity rate 73.4 73.6 73.5 73.8 74.4 74.7 75.0 75.3 75.7 76.3 76.8 77.2 77.5 77.86.3 Employment rate 68.2 67.1 66.6 66.8 66.6 66.5 67.2 68.0 69.0 70.3 71.4 72.3 70.7 71.8 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 7.2 9.1 9.8 9.9 10.8 11.4 10.8 10.0 9.1 8.1 7.2 6.7 9.0 7.9 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 3.9 1.7 2.9 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.7 2.6 1.1 1.17.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.8 2.0 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.6 -0.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.4 4.3 -0.3 0.4 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.9 1.0 2.1 2.2 4.3 -1.67.4 Real unit labour costs 1.7 3.0 -1.1 -0.9 0.6 -0.2 -0.4 -1.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.1 3.0 -3.07.5 GDP deflator 2.4 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.47.6 Private consumption deflator 3.1 -0.3 1.7 2.3 1.9 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.5 1.37.7 Terms of trade : : : : : : : : : : : : :




9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.6 4.3 3.9 4.5 3.9 3.1 2.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.7 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 5.0 1.9 1.2 1.8 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.5 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 0.8 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.2 -1.3 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 2.0 -2.1 -7.3 1.0 -4.9 4.9 4.6 -5.6 1.2 1.5 6.2 -1.9 1.4 0.39.6 Real effective exchange rate 122.2 118.4 108.2 107.8 102.3 106.0 108.4 100.0 99.4 100.2 105.4 102.1 101.9 101.2 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


196


109. EU-15(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.8 2.2 2.5 3.0 1.8 0.7 0.2 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.2 -9.2 7.01.2 Government consumption 4.6 3.0 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.9 0.3 1.4 1.8 1.1 0.9 1.8 3.5 0.61.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.8 0.3 2.5 4.1 1.4 -0.7 0.0 4.6 4.1 3.2 2.1 4.7 -13.5 10.21.4 of which equipment : : 2.8 6.7 0.9 0.0 0.6 4.9 6.2 4.2 2.8 0.5 -19.8 14.61.5 of which construction : -0.7 2.5 1.9 1.4 -2.2 -1.3 1.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 -10.2 8.81.6 Exports of goods and services 7.9 4.2 5.2 8.1 3.9 2.4 3.5 6.2 2.9 5.4 3.0 2.7 -12.5 8.71.7 Imports of goods and services 8.6 3.0 5.6 8.7 3.9 2.2 2.4 7.2 4.1 4.7 2.6 3.8 -12.4 8.91.8 GDP 4.9 2.1 2.4 2.9 1.8 0.7 0.7 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.8 1.3 -7.7 6.2


2.1 Consumption 3.5 1.8 : 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.2 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.0 -4.3 3.92.2 Investment 1.4 0.1 : -0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 1.0 -2.9 2.02.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.1 : 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.12.4 Domestic demand 5.0 1.8 : 1.2 1.7 0.7 0.2 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.6 -7.3 5.92.5 Exports 1.5 1.0 : 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.4 2.6 1.2 2.3 1.3 1.2 -5.6 3.62.6 Final demand 6.5 2.8 : 2.6 3.0 1.6 1.7 5.0 3.5 4.2 2.8 2.8 -12.9 9.62.7 Imports -1.6 -0.7 : -1.0 -1.2 -0.8 -0.9 -2.8 -1.6 -1.8 -1.1 -1.5 5.2 -3.42.8 Net exports -0.1 0.3 : 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 0.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.2


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 20.6 20.5 21.0 21.2 21.0 21.0 21.1 21.0 21.2 27.0 23.63.2 Net savings of households : : : 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.4 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.5 1.3 0.6 0.0 1.0 1.5 2.3 2.6 2.6 -4.8 -0.43.4 National savings 25.0 22.3 : 22.0 21.8 21.5 21.2 21.9 22.5 23.5 23.6 23.7 22.1 23.13.5 Gross capital formation 26.2 23.4 : 21.7 21.5 21.5 19.7 20.0 20.3 20.7 21.0 21.4 19.9 20.73.6 Current account 0.4 -0.5 : 0.3 0.3 0.0 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (b) (c) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap (b) : -0.3 : -0.4 0.4 0.9 -1.4 -0.2 0.8 2.3 3.2 3.7 -5.2 -0.24.3 Potential GDP gap (b) : -0.5 : 0.1 0.7 -0.1 -2.1 -1.2 -0.4 0.7 1.1 1.0 -7.4 -2.94.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) (a) 100.0 83.3 103.8 120.9 124.1 117.3 109.0 115.3 116.4 117.0 115.2 112.7 93.0 107.4

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) (a) 4.2 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.3 0.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) (b) 2.8 2.9 : 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.95.3 Growth of capital intensity (a) 3.9 2.6 1.7 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.7 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.2 4.7 -2.55.4 Labour productivity growth (a) 4.6 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.1 -3.6 2.75.5 Total factor productivity growth (a) 3.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.5 -0.1 0.4 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.0 -5.5 3.8


6.1 Employment (a) 0.3 0.1 0.7 1.6 1.0 0.4 0.2 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 -2.2 1.46.2 Activity rate (b) 64.5 64.1 : 68.4 70.7 72.8 74.0 74.7 75.3 75.7 76.0 76.5 76.6 76.96.3 Employment rate (b) 63.0 60.0 : 61.8 65.2 66.9 66.3 67.5 68.6 69.5 70.4 71.3 69.7 70.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate (b) : : : 9.7 7.9 8.1 10.4 9.8 9.0 8.2 7.5 7.0 9.2 8.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.8 11.5 5.3 2.6 2.9 2.6 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.3 -0.2 1.87.2 Real wages per head (d) 4.9 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.1 -0.7 0.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.1 9.5 3.5 1.3 2.0 2.2 1.1 0.3 1.1 1.0 2.0 2.3 3.4 -0.87.4 Real unit labour costs -0.1 -0.5 -0.7 -0.3 -0.3 0.4 -0.1 -1.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.4 2.1 -2.17.5 GDP deflator 5.1 9.9 4.1 1.5 2.1 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.37.6 Private consumption deflator 4.7 10.2 4.0 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.5 0.3 0.7 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.5 1.2


8.2 Total revenue : : : 44.6 43.5 44.1 45.3 45.1 45.2 45.4 45.6 45.6 45.6 45.18.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.1 -2.4 -3.6 -3.8 -2.4 -1.7 -1.1 -0.7 -0.8 -8.7 -4.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -2.1 -2.8 -3.5 -2.6 -1.8 -1.4 -1.5 -1.3 -1.3 -4.6 -2.48.5 Debt (end of period) : 49.6 : 61.9 63.8 82.6 92.0 89.6 88.4 86.9 85.3 84.4 100.3 97.2


9.2 Short-term interest rate (b) 5.6 11.2 : 4.7 3.1 2.9 0.6 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) (b) 1.3 0.7 : 1.1 1.3 1.0 2.4 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.7 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (b) (e) 1.8 1.2 : : 2.2 2.2 1.8 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -1.2 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate (a) : : 4.5 2.1 6.3 -0.1 2.1 -4.9 -0.3 2.8 7.7 -1.5 2.4 0.59.6 Real effective exchange rate (a) : : 118.3 110.7 106.9 110.0 101.8 100.0 98.5 100.3 106.4 103.3 104.2 103.5 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)

(a) 1961-91: including West-Germany (b) 1961-90: including West-Germany (c) Manufacturing industry

197


110. Albania(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 10.1 0.7 1.6 1.8 0.1 1.8 2.8 1.2 2.1 2.4 3.3 3.3 -4.3 3.31.2 Government consumption 4.4 3.7 4.0 0.7 0.1 2.9 6.4 -1.1 4.7 3.2 0.7 3.1 5.5 5.21.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.4 1.0 -8.5 5.9 -7.9 -2.0 -4.5 3.5 2.4 6.0 2.4 -4.1 -7.0 -0.51.4 of which equipment 20.7 -6.2 -13.2 9.1 -9.3 0.6 2.3 10.0 9.6 2.1 9.9 : : 1.5 of which construction 1.8 1.9 -9.2 5.1 -9.6 -4.5 -5.5 5.7 1.6 8.2 -0.2 : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services -4.6 4.7 19.2 6.7 0.3 1.6 1.2 1.0 11.3 13.2 4.1 5.9 -24.8 12.21.7 Imports of goods and services 3.6 -1.1 -0.6 6.2 -6.7 -0.6 4.3 -2.9 6.9 8.4 2.4 2.7 -16.7 5.11.8 GDP 7.5 3.4 3.7 2.5 1.4 1.0 1.8 2.2 3.3 3.8 4.1 2.2 -4.8 4.2


2.1 Consumption 9.0 1.0 1.8 1.5 0.1 1.8 3.0 0.8 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.9 -2.8 3.32.2 Investment 1.5 0.3 -2.7 1.7 -2.3 -0.5 -1.2 0.8 0.6 1.5 0.6 -1.0 -1.6 -0.12.3 Stockbuilding 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 12.4 1.5 -0.8 3.4 -2.4 1.3 1.4 1.7 2.3 3.4 3.0 1.8 -4.5 3.22.5 Exports -1.2 1.1 4.5 1.8 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.1 3.9 1.3 1.9 -8.1 3.12.6 Final demand 10.9 2.6 4.0 5.3 -2.3 1.7 1.7 1.9 5.4 7.2 4.3 3.6 -12.4 6.32.7 Imports -2.0 0.6 0.3 -3.0 3.4 0.3 -1.9 1.3 -3.1 -3.9 -1.2 -1.3 7.7 -2.02.8 Net exports -3.2 1.7 4.8 -1.2 3.5 0.7 -1.6 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 -0.4 1.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings : : : : : : : : : : : 14.3 12.3 12.23.5 Gross capital formation 35.8 34.6 30.3 31.4 28.3 28.1 25.7 25.8 25.2 25.1 24.1 22.7 22.2 21.33.6 Current account -15.7 -15.4 -11.3 -12.9 -10.2 -9.3 -10.8 -8.6 -7.6 -7.5 -6.7 -7.6 -9.1 -8.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : 68.1 68.6 71.3 74.6 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth 14.7 0.1 3.1 3.2 13.4 5.6 : : : : : : : 5.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment -6.3 3.3 0.6 -0.7 -10.6 -4.3 : : : : : : : 6.2 Activity rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.3 Employment rate 57.7 59.6 59.7 59.0 52.5 50.1 : : : : : : : (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.2 Real wages per head (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 Real unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.5 GDP deflator 4.1 2.4 4.5 2.3 1.0 0.3 1.5 0.6 -0.6 1.5 1.4 0.7 2.6 2.77.6 Private consumption deflator 3.3 2.3 3.0 3.3 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 2.5 3.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : 27.2 27.3 26.2 26.18.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -5.6 -7.1 -3.1 -3.5 -3.4 -5.0 -5.2 -4.1 -1.8 -2.0 -1.6 -1.8 -5.2 -3.38.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 51.8 55.9 54.1 55.6 58.2 61.7 66.1 68.7 68.7 66.9 67.7 66.1 74.4 73.4


9.1 Long-term interest rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


198


111. Montenegro(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 11.2 -14.2 2.0 0.5 -3.9 1.6 2.9 2.2 5.4 3.9 4.6 2.9 -9.1 10.91.2 Government consumption 1.6 0.6 -0.4 -0.3 3.0 1.3 1.4 1.9 0.8 -1.4 6.3 1.5 2.5 -1.71.3 Gross fixed capital formation 31.6 -28.9 -18.5 -7.2 -2.4 10.7 -2.5 11.9 38.4 18.7 14.7 -1.5 -7.5 -8.41.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 1.7 -12.7 7.5 14.6 -0.3 -1.3 -0.7 5.7 5.9 1.8 6.9 6.4 -33.7 24.31.7 Imports of goods and services 17.4 -27.8 -3.1 0.3 0.6 -3.1 1.6 4.4 15.3 8.4 9.2 2.1 -26.1 16.01.8 GDP 7.2 -5.8 2.7 3.2 -2.7 3.5 1.8 3.4 2.9 4.7 5.1 3.6 -5.9 4.4


2.1 Consumption 10.1 -12.7 1.6 0.3 -2.6 1.6 2.6 2.2 4.4 2.7 4.6 2.4 -6.1 7.22.2 Investment 10.4 -11.3 -5.1 -1.6 -0.5 2.1 -0.5 2.3 7.7 4.6 3.9 -0.4 -2.1 -2.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.9 -2.6 1.7 -0.7 0.9 -1.7 1.0 -0.7 -2.4 1.9 -0.3 0.3 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 21.4 -26.6 -1.8 -2.0 -2.2 2.0 3.0 3.7 9.7 9.3 8.2 2.3 -8.1 4.92.5 Exports 0.7 -5.0 2.6 5.4 -0.1 -0.6 -0.3 2.3 2.5 0.7 2.8 2.8 -14.9 7.52.6 Final demand 22.1 -31.6 0.7 3.4 -2.3 1.4 2.7 6.0 12.2 10.0 11.0 5.0 -23.0 12.52.7 Imports -14.9 25.8 2.0 -0.2 -0.4 2.1 -1.0 -2.6 -9.3 -5.3 -6.0 -1.4 17.1 -8.12.8 Net exports -14.2 20.8 4.6 5.2 -0.6 1.5 -1.3 -0.3 -6.8 -4.6 -3.1 1.4 2.2 -0.5


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings : : : : : : : : : : : 16.0 16.8 14.33.5 Gross capital formation 41.2 26.9 21.8 19.3 20.6 19.6 20.2 20.1 26.1 30.2 31.9 31.1 30.7 27.23.6 Current account -49.5 -27.7 -20.3 -14.8 -15.3 -11.4 -12.4 -11.0 -16.2 -16.1 -17.0 -15.2 -13.8 -12.9


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : 63.1 60.2 60.3 61.5 62.9 64.0 66.1 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth 4.0 -3.2 4.4 10.3 -5.1 3.1 -5.0 0.9 1.8 2.4 2.8 1.5 -4.7 1.75.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment 3.1 -2.7 -1.6 -6.4 2.6 0.4 7.1 2.5 1.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 -1.4 2.66.2 Activity rate 63.6 63.2 62.1 57.9 59.2 59.3 62.4 63.8 64.9 65.3 66.5 68.0 68.4 68.96.3 Employment rate 52.7 51.0 49.9 46.5 47.5 47.7 51.2 52.6 53.4 54.8 56.2 57.6 56.8 57.7 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 17.2 19.2 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.5 18.0 17.6 17.7 16.1 15.5 15.4 17.0 16.2 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.2 Real wages per head (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 Real unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.5 GDP deflator 7.6 2.4 1.6 1.2 0.2 2.1 1.0 2.2 5.1 3.8 3.2 1.6 1.5 1.47.6 Private consumption deflator 5.9 2.6 2.2 3.7 2.9 1.9 -1.0 2.0 -0.4 1.9 1.8 0.1 0.8 1.37.7 Terms of trade -2.0 2.4 1.0 -2.4 -1.6 3.0 1.7 2.6 0.8 5.3 3.1 0.7 1.5 0.5


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : 43.4 47.9 42.18.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : : 41.3 40.2 40.68.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -0.5 -5.8 -4.8 -5.4 -5.7 -5.2 -3.1 -7.3 -2.8 -5.6 -2.6 -2.0 -7.7 -1.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 28.8 38.1 40.7 45.4 53.4 57.5 59.9 66.2 64.4 64.2 70.0 77.2 82.7 79.6




199


112. North Macedonia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.8 -3.3 3.8 -5.4 1.2 1.9 2.2 4.4 3.9 2.1 3.7 3.5 -2.5 3.01.2 Government consumption 10.2 0.2 -3.6 1.2 2.4 0.5 3.0 3.9 -4.9 -2.6 2.0 4.5 2.7 1.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 17.8 2.7 -4.0 13.3 6.5 3.5 4.0 10.5 9.9 -3.8 6.0 : : 1.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services -4.7 -13.9 23.7 16.1 2.0 6.1 16.5 8.5 9.1 8.3 15.6 8.3 -11.0 10.01.7 Imports of goods and services 5.1 -12.3 10.4 8.0 8.2 2.2 14.1 9.9 11.1 5.2 9.1 9.0 -9.2 10.61.8 GDP 5.5 -0.4 3.4 2.3 -0.5 2.9 3.6 3.9 2.8 1.1 2.7 3.6 -3.9 4.0


2.1 Consumption 5.4 -2.6 2.2 -3.8 1.3 1.5 2.1 3.8 1.8 1.0 2.7 3.0 -1.2 2.22.2 Investment 4.0 0.7 -1.0 3.1 1.5 0.8 0.9 2.5 2.4 -0.9 1.4 : -2.9 3.72.3 Stockbuilding 1.3 -0.9 0.0 1.3 1.2 -0.7 2.1 0.1 1.5 0.2 -3.7 : 0.1 -0.12.4 Domestic demand 10.7 -2.7 1.2 0.6 4.1 1.6 5.2 6.3 5.6 0.3 0.4 5.1 -4.0 5.82.5 Exports -2.1 -6.0 7.8 6.4 0.9 2.8 7.2 4.0 4.4 4.2 8.6 5.0 -6.8 5.72.6 Final demand 8.6 -8.7 9.0 7.0 5.0 4.4 12.3 10.3 10.1 4.5 9.0 10.1 -10.8 11.52.7 Imports -3.2 8.4 -5.6 -4.6 -5.4 -1.4 -8.7 -6.5 -7.2 -3.4 -6.2 -6.6 7.0 -7.62.8 Net exports -5.2 2.4 2.1 1.8 -4.5 1.3 -1.5 -2.4 -2.8 0.8 2.3 -1.5 0.2 -1.9


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings 15.2 19.0 22.4 24.4 25.8 27.2 29.8 28.5 29.7 31.2 31.8 : 30.3 32.93.5 Gross capital formation 27.9 25.7 24.5 26.9 28.9 28.8 30.3 30.4 32.5 32.3 31.9 34.1 33.8 37.43.6 Current account -12.7 -6.8 -2.0 -2.5 -3.2 -1.6 -0.5 -2.0 -2.9 -1.0 -0.1 : -3.0 -3.9


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 67.0 63.8 68.3 66.8 67.8 72.2 69.6 71.8 70.9 72.9 71.5 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth -2.3 -4.6 7.2 0.9 -1.6 -2.5 1.2 2.0 1.3 -1.8 2.4 -1.4 -2.2 2.85.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment 7.9 4.4 -3.6 1.4 1.2 5.6 2.4 1.9 1.6 3.0 0.4 5.0 -1.7 1.16.2 Activity rate 69.1 70.0 68.0 68.0 68.2 69.9 70.6 70.3 69.6 70.6 : : : 6.3 Employment rate 47.5 49.3 47.3 47.8 48.2 50.9 52.2 53.3 54.2 55.9 : : : (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 33.8 32.2 32.0 31.4 31.0 29.0 28.0 26.2 24.1 24.3 22.6 19.2 20.0 19.5 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.2 3.6 4.6 1.1 -2.0 -4.2 5.0 2.1 6.4 3.4 1.4 : : 7.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.3 2.6 4.5 -7.9 -1.3 -6.5 4.9 2.1 6.8 2.0 -0.2 : : 7.3 Nominal unit labour costs 10.7 8.5 -2.5 0.2 -0.4 -1.7 3.7 0.2 5.0 5.3 -1.0 : : 7.4 Real unit labour costs 5.0 8.2 -4.4 -3.4 -1.3 -5.9 2.2 -1.8 1.5 2.4 -4.5 : : 7.5 GDP deflator 5.5 0.3 2.0 3.7 1.0 4.5 1.4 2.0 3.5 2.8 3.6 2.4 0.1 3.47.6 Private consumption deflator 7.9 0.9 0.0 9.7 -0.7 2.5 0.1 0.0 -0.4 1.4 1.5 0.7 -1.5 1.67.7 Terms of trade -2.0 -2.8 1.3 -3.2 1.0 0.2 2.0 3.5 5.0 0.4 -2.2 -0.9 -0.1 -0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : 31.7 33.7 32.08.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : : 29.6 26.9 28.68.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -0.9 -2.6 -2.4 -2.5 -3.8 -3.8 -4.2 -3.5 -2.7 -2.7 -1.8 -2.1 -6.8 -3.48.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 20.5 23.6 24.1 27.7 33.7 34.0 38.1 38.1 39.9 39.4 40.6 38.9 47.2 48.7




200


113. Serbia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.5 -3.3 -0.6 1.4 -1.7 -1.7 -0.1 -0.3 1.3 1.9 3.1 3.2 -4.2 6.81.2 Government consumption 3.5 -1.7 0.0 1.6 0.4 -2.1 0.9 -3.7 1.2 3.3 3.7 2.9 3.2 2.81.3 Gross fixed capital formation 8.1 -22.5 -6.5 4.7 13.9 -12.0 -3.4 4.9 5.4 7.3 17.8 16.4 -13.5 19.41.4 of which equipment 13.9 -33.3 -6.8 1.6 33.1 -8.3 -4.3 2.4 7.4 7.8 18.5 9.1 : 1.5 of which construction 0.8 -12.1 -7.5 6.2 -0.7 -20.9 -2.6 1.6 7.8 8.9 17.3 30.2 : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 12.6 -11.5 16.9 5.6 2.9 18.0 4.3 9.4 11.9 8.2 8.3 8.5 -8.5 13.81.7 Imports of goods and services 10.1 -21.9 -0.1 7.2 -0.6 6.5 5.1 4.0 6.7 11.1 11.6 9.5 -9.4 16.71.8 GDP 5.7 -2.7 0.7 2.0 -0.7 2.9 -1.6 1.8 3.3 2.0 4.4 4.2 -4.1 6.1


2.1 Consumption 4.1 -2.9 -0.5 1.4 -1.2 -1.7 0.1 -0.9 1.1 1.9 2.8 2.7 -2.4 5.22.2 Investment 1.9 -5.3 -1.2 0.8 2.4 -2.4 -0.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 3.2 3.3 -3.1 4.02.3 Stockbuilding 1.1 -2.3 -2.1 1.2 -3.1 3.7 -0.4 -0.1 -0.6 0.9 0.9 -0.4 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 7.1 -10.4 -3.7 3.4 -1.9 -0.4 -0.9 -0.2 1.4 4.0 6.8 5.5 -5.5 9.22.5 Exports 3.4 -3.3 4.4 1.8 0.9 6.5 1.7 4.0 5.4 4.0 4.2 4.3 -4.8 7.42.6 Final demand 10.5 -13.7 0.7 5.2 -1.0 6.1 0.9 3.8 6.8 8.0 11.0 9.8 -10.3 16.62.7 Imports -4.9 11.0 0.0 -3.2 0.3 -3.2 -2.4 -2.0 -3.5 -5.9 -6.6 -5.6 6.2 -10.42.8 Net exports -1.4 7.7 4.5 -1.4 1.2 3.3 -0.7 2.0 1.9 -2.0 -2.4 -1.3 1.4 -3.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings 6.5 12.4 11.1 8.0 8.4 11.6 10.9 15.1 15.0 14.4 17.8 16.7 17.0 18.13.5 Gross capital formation 26.4 18.7 17.6 18.3 19.3 17.4 16.5 18.6 17.9 19.6 22.7 23.6 21.3 23.63.6 Current account -20.0 -6.3 -6.5 -10.3 -10.9 -5.8 -5.6 -3.5 -2.9 -5.2 -4.8 -6.9 -4.3 -5.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : 68.2 70.8 71.9 73.8 74.6 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth -0.6 4.9 10.0 8.5 0.4 -0.8 -11.2 1.2 -2.2 -0.7 3.0 1.8 -1.0 3.35.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment 6.3 -7.3 -8.4 -6.0 -1.1 3.7 10.8 0.6 5.6 2.8 1.4 2.4 -3.2 2.76.2 Activity rate 65.9 63.0 59.8 59.1 59.7 61.0 65.9 65.9 68.4 69.7 71.0 68.1 68.1 68.16.3 Employment rate 56.9 52.8 48.4 45.6 45.4 47.5 53.3 54.3 58.0 60.3 61.9 61.1 59.5 61.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 13.6 16.1 19.2 23.0 23.9 22.1 19.2 17.7 15.3 13.5 12.7 10.3 12.7 10.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.2 Real wages per head (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 Real unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.5 GDP deflator 9.1 7.9 5.7 8.9 6.2 5.1 2.6 1.8 1.5 3.0 2.1 2.5 1.8 3.07.6 Private consumption deflator 10.2 8.4 7.6 9.7 7.3 6.2 1.8 1.9 2.0 3.0 1.2 1.7 0.7 1.77.7 Terms of trade -2.0 3.6 -6.6 0.8 -3.1 3.5 2.0 -1.9 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.9 0.1 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.5 -4.2 -4.3 -4.5 -6.4 -5.1 -6.2 -3.5 -1.2 1.1 0.6 -0.2 -7.7 -2.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 24.6 30.3 48.9 43.5 54.3 56.7 65.4 70.7 68.6 60.1 54.4 52.8 62.2 59.5




201


114. Turkey(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 0.3 -3.7 10.8 12.3 3.2 7.9 3.0 5.4 3.7 6.2 0.0 0.7 -2.1 1.91.2 Government consumption 3.5 8.1 1.7 1.1 6.8 8.0 3.1 3.9 9.5 5.0 6.6 4.4 4.0 4.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation -2.7 -20.5 22.5 23.8 2.7 13.8 5.1 9.3 2.2 8.2 -0.6 -12.4 -14.3 -3.31.4 of which equipment -5.6 -22.2 27.6 28.4 -4.4 8.1 3.9 18.5 1.2 0.7 -8.9 : : 1.5 of which construction -6.9 -14.7 18.1 22.5 7.2 21.1 6.5 4.7 2.8 12.0 2.5 5.7 5.6 5.81.6 Exports of goods and services 3.8 -3.7 1.7 13.4 14.9 1.1 8.2 4.3 -1.9 12.0 7.8 6.4 -26.4 17.71.7 Imports of goods and services -2.8 -14.3 19.5 15.4 0.7 8.0 -0.4 1.7 3.7 10.3 -7.8 -3.6 -24.5 5.21.8 GDP 0.8 -4.7 8.5 11.1 4.8 8.5 5.2 6.1 3.2 7.5 2.8 0.9 -5.4 4.4


2.1 Consumption 0.7 -1.1 6.9 7.9 2.9 6.1 2.3 3.8 3.5 4.5 0.9 1.1 -0.6 1.92.2 Investment -0.8 -5.4 5.0 5.9 0.7 3.8 1.5 2.6 0.7 2.4 -0.2 -3.6 -3.6 -0.82.3 Stockbuilding 0.8 -5.0 5.4 -0.5 -3.2 3.2 -0.3 -1.1 0.4 0.6 -2.1 0.6 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 0.7 -11.5 17.3 13.3 0.5 13.1 3.4 5.4 4.6 7.4 -1.4 -2.1 -4.3 1.12.5 Exports 0.8 -0.8 0.4 2.8 3.1 0.2 1.7 0.9 -0.4 2.5 1.7 1.7 -7.2 3.82.6 Final demand 1.5 -12.4 17.7 16.0 3.6 13.3 5.2 6.3 4.1 9.9 0.5 -0.2 -12.2 5.52.7 Imports 0.7 3.7 -4.5 -3.9 -0.2 -2.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.9 -2.4 1.9 0.9 6.2 -1.02.8 Net exports 1.5 2.9 -4.1 -1.2 2.9 -1.8 1.8 0.5 -1.3 0.1 3.5 2.6 -1.1 2.7


3.1 Private sector savings : 22.9 19.3 19.2 18.9 18.9 20.5 20.5 21.7 23.3 : 23.9 25.4 26.83.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : -1.5 2.0 3.3 3.9 4.3 3.9 4.3 2.7 2.0 1.8 1.4 -3.4 -4.53.4 National savings 23.8 21.4 21.3 22.5 22.8 23.2 24.4 24.8 24.4 25.3 : 25.3 22.0 22.23.5 Gross capital formation 28.9 23.0 27.0 31.3 28.3 29.8 29.0 28.4 28.2 31.0 29.6 25.1 22.6 20.83.6 Current account -5.1 -1.7 -5.7 -8.8 -5.5 -6.6 -4.6 -3.6 -3.8 -5.5 -3.6 0.2 -0.5 1.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 79.9 65.8 73.9 76.9 77.0 76.7 75.3 76.8 77.5 78.5 77.0 75.5 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : 25.9 31.4 23.5 23.4 19.6 18.2 15.1 14.5 11.6 6.1 2.3 1.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.45.3 Growth of capital intensity : : 18.5 23.2 20.0 20.0 17.7 15.2 12.6 10.5 9.5 8.6 6.9 -1.15.4 Labour productivity growth -1.3 -5.1 2.1 4.2 1.8 5.5 3.5 3.3 0.9 3.7 0.9 3.2 -1.1 1.95.5 Total factor productivity growth : : -6.9 -7.0 -7.8 -4.5 -5.3 -4.3 -5.4 -1.8 -4.0 -1.3 -4.7 2.5


6.1 Employment 2.1 0.4 6.2 6.7 3.0 2.8 1.6 2.7 2.2 3.6 1.9 -2.2 -4.3 2.56.2 Activity rate 49.5 50.4 51.5 52.9 53.3 54.3 55.0 55.9 56.7 58.0 58.4 58.2 57.2 57.96.3 Employment rate 44.7 44.1 46.0 48.3 48.9 49.5 49.6 50.2 50.6 51.7 52.0 50.3 47.5 48.0 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 9.8 12.6 10.7 8.8 8.2 8.8 9.9 10.3 10.9 10.9 10.9 13.7 17.0 17.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.8 6.0 8.4 9.4 12.4 10.3 14.8 12.8 20.2 8.8 17.0 18.7 5.3 8.67.2 Real wages per head (b) -0.9 1.0 1.7 1.9 4.4 4.0 6.6 4.6 12.8 -1.8 1.8 2.8 -5.5 -2.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs 11.2 11.6 6.1 5.0 10.5 4.5 10.9 9.1 19.1 4.9 15.9 15.0 6.5 6.67.4 Real unit labour costs -0.7 5.9 -0.8 -3.0 2.9 -1.7 3.3 1.2 10.2 -5.5 -0.4 1.0 -5.4 -4.37.5 GDP deflator 12.0 5.4 7.0 8.2 7.4 6.3 7.4 7.8 8.1 11.0 16.4 13.9 12.5 11.47.6 Private consumption deflator 10.8 5.0 6.6 7.3 7.7 6.1 7.7 7.8 6.6 10.8 14.9 15.5 11.4 11.57.7 Terms of trade -3.0 2.0 -2.3 -7.3 -0.9 2.4 -0.2 2.1 3.9 -5.7 -2.6 -0.3 2.1 -0.4


8.1 Total expenditure : 38.0 35.5 33.6 33.5 32.8 32.1 31.9 34.1 34.1 35.1 35.8 38.2 38.78.2 Total revenue : 31.8 32.9 32.8 33.3 33.0 32.3 32.6 33.0 31.4 32.3 32.8 30.4 29.68.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : -6.2 -2.7 -0.7 -0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 -1.1 -2.8 -2.8 -3.0 -7.8 -9.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 38.1 43.9 40.1 36.5 32.7 31.4 28.8 27.6 28.3 28.2 30.4 33.1 43.1 47.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate 18.9 12.9 9.6 9.3 8.5 7.8 9.2 9.3 10.2 11.1 15.9 15.8 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 17.0 10.2 7.6 : : : : : : : : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.9 2.7 2.0 : : : : : : : : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 6.2 7.2 2.4 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.9 0.1 -0.5 1.6 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate -3.7 -9.9 4.3 -14.2 -2.1 -6.1 -11.4 -6.3 -7.6 -18.2 -25.4 -12.2 -11.9 -2.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 112.5 106.0 117.2 103.3 107.3 106.0 100.6 100.0 98.5 88.0 74.9 74.4 72.3 77.8 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


202


115. United Kingdom(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 3.1 1.9 3.2 4.4 3.2 0.4 1.6 3.0 3.6 2.2 1.6 1.1 -10.3 6.91.2 Government consumption 2.8 1.3 1.1 1.8 4.3 1.4 0.9 1.8 1.0 0.3 0.4 3.5 4.9 0.81.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.2 0.9 1.9 3.4 2.9 -1.6 2.7 3.7 3.6 1.6 -0.2 0.6 -14.3 11.51.4 of which equipment : 1.4 1.9 1.0 2.3 -1.6 3.1 4.3 9.0 6.3 -8.2 -6.2 -21.3 16.81.5 of which construction : 1.0 4.3 2.6 2.7 -3.3 2.9 4.3 2.0 0.3 0.5 2.3 -13.5 10.01.6 Exports of goods and services 5.0 3.1 4.7 5.8 3.5 1.7 2.5 3.8 2.7 6.1 1.2 4.8 -10.7 5.11.7 Imports of goods and services 4.8 2.4 4.9 8.1 5.3 0.9 2.6 5.4 4.4 3.5 2.0 4.6 -9.9 6.11.8 GDP 3.5 1.6 2.6 3.4 2.8 0.5 1.9 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.4 -8.3 6.0


2.1 Consumption 2.4 1.4 2.2 3.2 2.9 0.6 1.3 2.3 2.5 1.5 1.1 1.4 -5.7 4.62.2 Investment 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 -0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 -2.4 1.82.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.3 -0.6 -0.6 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 3.5 1.3 2.7 3.8 3.4 0.3 1.9 2.6 2.5 1.2 1.4 1.6 -8.2 6.42.5 Exports 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.7 0.4 1.5 -3.4 1.52.6 Final demand 4.5 2.2 3.7 5.4 4.2 0.8 2.8 4.0 3.2 2.9 1.7 3.1 -11.6 7.92.7 Imports -1.0 -0.6 -1.2 -2.0 -1.4 -0.3 -0.8 -1.6 -1.3 -1.1 -0.6 -1.5 3.2 -1.92.8 Net exports 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.5 0.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.4


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 15.8 15.5 16.0 15.8 13.7 12.3 13.0 12.3 12.1 18.7 15.33.2 Net savings of households : : : 4.1 2.9 3.6 2.8 3.2 1.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.3 0.5 -2.3 -3.3 -1.2 -0.1 1.0 1.3 1.5 -6.6 -2.83.4 National savings 21.4 19.8 19.0 17.1 16.0 13.7 12.6 12.5 12.2 14.0 13.6 13.6 12.1 12.63.5 Gross capital formation 21.1 20.1 20.8 18.3 18.0 17.0 16.2 17.4 17.4 17.5 17.2 17.4 16.2 16.93.6 Current account 0.2 -0.3 -1.8 -1.2 -2.0 -3.3 -3.7 -4.9 -5.2 -3.5 -3.9 -3.8 -4.1 -4.3


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 79.1 82.2 81.5 78.9 78.5 80.9 82.2 80.3 82.9 81.7 80.6 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -1.0 0.5 -0.5 1.0 0.4 -1.7 0.9 1.7 2.6 3.1 3.8 -5.3 -0.24.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.7 0.6 0.6 0.9 -0.8 -2.0 0.3 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.1 -7.9 -3.54.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 98.4 133.3 163.6 158.4 146.4 149.6 155.2 154.2 152.5 150.9 142.8 132.3 137.8

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.7 1.3 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.4 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 -0.2 0.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.25.3 Growth of capital intensity 2.4 1.4 1.5 0.6 0.9 1.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 2.6 -0.95.4 Labour productivity growth 3.2 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.8 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.3 -5.8 4.45.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.2 1.1 1.3 1.8 1.4 -0.2 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.3 -6.8 4.8


6.1 Employment 0.3 -0.1 0.6 1.3 1.0 0.3 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.1 -2.7 1.56.2 Activity rate : : : 75.7 75.7 76.4 77.6 78.7 79.1 79.3 79.7 80.1 80.2 80.56.3 Employment rate : : : 70.6 72.0 71.6 71.9 74.5 75.3 75.9 76.6 77.2 74.9 75.8 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 6.8 9.1 6.7 4.9 6.3 7.4 5.3 4.8 4.3 4.0 3.8 6.8 6.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.2 13.8 6.4 4.9 4.4 3.2 1.8 0.7 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.8 -6.5 8.67.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.8 1.2 1.7 3.3 3.2 1.0 -0.4 0.7 1.7 1.7 0.3 2.5 -7.6 7.07.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.9 11.9 4.3 2.8 2.5 2.9 1.2 0.1 2.7 2.2 2.7 3.5 -0.7 4.07.4 Real unit labour costs -0.6 -0.7 -0.4 1.0 0.5 0.6 -0.7 -0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 1.6 -2.4 2.57.5 GDP deflator 5.5 12.7 4.8 1.8 2.1 2.3 1.9 0.6 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.57.6 Private consumption deflator 5.2 12.4 4.6 1.5 1.2 2.2 2.2 0.0 1.4 1.4 2.6 1.3 1.2 1.57.7 Terms of trade -0.4 0.5 -0.1 0.5 1.2 -0.3 0.6 1.5 0.9 -0.9 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0




9.1 Long-term interest rate 7.6 13.0 9.5 6.2 4.8 4.1 2.2 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 0.9 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 6.8 11.9 9.9 6.4 4.4 3.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.8 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.8 1.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.5 1.5 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.1 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.0 0.4 4.5 4.3 2.6 1.8 0.4 1.2 -0.9 -0.7 -0.7 -1.0 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 6.0 0.0 -4.5 1.9 6.0 -10.1 -5.6 2.0 -0.3 1.1 -0.29.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 106.7 107.8 96.1 90.2 100.0 89.5 85.3 87.2 86.8 87.9 88.1 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


203


116. Japan(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 8.7 3.4 3.3 1.0 1.3 0.5 0.8 -0.2 -0.3 1.3 0.0 0.2 -5.7 2.31.2 Government consumption 4.9 4.4 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.2 0.9 1.9 3.5 4.21.3 Gross fixed capital formation 14.0 1.9 4.2 -0.1 -0.9 -3.4 3.3 1.6 -0.3 3.0 0.6 1.3 -8.4 1.61.4 of which equipment : 4.4 5.0 2.1 2.1 -2.4 3.3 2.8 -1.9 5.3 2.8 : : : 1.5 of which construction : 0.2 3.4 -2.6 -4.4 -5.6 4.0 0.3 1.3 3.0 -1.2 : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 14.1 9.1 3.5 5.5 6.2 3.1 2.4 2.9 1.7 6.8 3.4 -1.8 -15.0 3.21.7 Imports of goods and services 14.3 1.7 7.3 3.3 3.8 0.2 5.7 0.8 -1.6 3.4 3.4 -0.8 -11.8 2.01.8 GDP 9.4 3.8 3.3 1.1 1.2 0.1 0.9 1.2 0.5 2.2 0.3 0.7 -5.0 2.7


2.1 Consumption 6.0 2.5 2.3 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.5 -2.5 2.22.2 Investment 3.6 0.5 1.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 0.7 0.4 -0.1 0.7 0.1 0.3 -2.0 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 9.7 3.0 3.6 0.8 0.8 -0.3 1.5 0.9 -0.1 1.6 0.3 0.8 -4.4 2.52.5 Exports 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.1 0.6 -0.3 -2.6 0.52.6 Final demand 10.3 3.8 3.9 1.4 1.6 0.1 1.9 1.4 0.2 2.7 0.9 0.5 -7.0 3.02.7 Imports -0.9 -0.2 -0.6 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.9 -0.2 0.3 -0.5 -0.6 0.1 2.1 -0.32.8 Net exports -0.3 0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 -0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 0.2


3.1 Private sector savings : : 27.4 29.0 28.7 28.3 27.3 27.3 27.7 27.5 26.3 26.3 28.0 27.73.2 Net savings of households : : 8.8 6.4 2.6 1.9 1.2 0.8 1.9 1.5 2.5 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : 5.7 2.0 -0.8 -1.4 -3.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.7 1.6 1.7 -0.6 -1.03.4 National savings 36.1 32.0 33.1 31.1 28.0 26.9 24.1 27.1 27.4 28.2 27.9 28.0 27.3 26.73.5 Gross capital formation 37.3 32.6 31.6 28.8 24.9 23.3 23.0 24.0 23.4 24.0 24.3 24.5 23.8 23.53.6 Current account 0.6 0.9 2.7 2.3 3.0 3.6 1.2 3.1 4.0 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 6.7 5.6 4.2 2.3 0.9 -0.1 -0.1 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 -0.2 0.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 5.3 4.9 3.2 2.8 0.9 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.4 -1.1 0.1 5.1 1.05.4 Labour productivity growth 7.9 3.1 2.3 1.6 1.2 0.1 0.8 0.8 -0.4 1.2 -1.3 0.2 0.0 3.75.5 Total factor productivity growth : : 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.9 0.8 -0.2 1.3 -0.9 0.1 -1.9 3.4


6.1 Employment 1.3 0.7 0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.7 0.5 -5.0 -1.06.2 Activity rate 77.7 76.4 77.4 80.2 80.2 83.9 86.3 89.4 91.1 92.6 94.6 96.0 94.1 94.46.3 Employment rate 76.8 74.8 75.5 77.0 76.3 80.3 82.8 86.5 88.3 90.0 92.3 93.8 90.1 90.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.3 2.2 2.5 4.1 5.0 4.4 4.1 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 4.2 4.5 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : 3.0 0.3 -1.2 -1.0 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.5 1.5 0.9 -2.1 2.37.2 Real wages per head (b) : : 1.8 0.4 -0.3 -0.3 0.1 0.0 1.7 0.3 0.9 0.6 -2.2 2.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : 0.7 -1.3 -2.4 -1.1 -0.5 -0.3 1.6 -0.7 2.9 0.8 -2.0 -1.47.4 Real unit labour costs : : -0.4 -0.7 -1.1 -0.1 -0.2 -2.4 1.3 -0.5 3.0 0.2 -2.0 -1.47.5 GDP deflator 6.2 5.2 1.1 -0.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.3 2.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.6 -0.1 0.17.6 Private consumption deflator 6.1 6.4 1.1 -0.1 -0.9 -0.7 0.2 0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.17.7 Terms of trade -0.1 -4.7 2.5 -2.2 -2.8 -3.0 -2.6 9.0 5.4 -4.1 -4.1 1.2 -0.2 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : 37.3 40.6 39.3 39.3 38.6 38.8 39.1 42.8 42.78.2 Total revenue : : : : : 31.5 33.0 35.8 35.8 35.7 36.5 36.8 37.8 37.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : -0.6 -6.6 -6.2 -5.8 -7.6 -3.6 -3.5 -2.9 -2.3 -2.3 -4.9 -5.38.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 15.6 69.6 95.9 137.9 176.8 207.9 236.1 231.6 236.5 234.6 237.1 236.5 254.1 252.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 7.8 5.1 2.0 1.3 1.5 0.8 0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 7.8 4.6 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : 0.0 0.5 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 2.6 4.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 1.1 -1.7 -0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.7 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 1.1 -2.3 3.6 -5.1 -5.7 15.0 -3.3 0.5 5.0 3.4 0.69.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 161.7 147.4 129.4 126.7 100.0 113.2 108.0 107.2 110.8 112.9 111.8 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


204


117. United States(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021


1.1 Private consumption 4.5 3.0 3.1 4.6 3.1 1.1 1.9 3.7 2.7 2.6 3.0 2.6 -7.2 8.51.2 Government consumption 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.9 -1.8 1.8 1.8 0.6 1.7 1.8 6.6 -4.71.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.8 3.5 2.6 7.8 2.8 -2.7 5.0 3.2 1.9 3.7 4.1 1.8 -6.4 1.31.4 of which equipment : 5.4 4.3 10.3 3.0 1.3 7.2 2.9 -0.9 4.8 6.7 1.9 -6.7 0.81.5 of which construction 3.7 1.6 0.3 4.8 2.2 -8.4 3.8 3.5 1.2 3.0 0.8 -1.5 -6.1 1.81.6 Exports of goods and services 6.7 3.8 9.1 7.1 2.1 5.2 4.6 0.5 0.0 3.5 3.0 0.0 -13.4 10.31.7 Imports of goods and services 7.4 5.0 6.1 11.6 4.6 1.0 3.7 5.3 2.0 4.7 4.4 1.0 -12.9 13.21.8 GDP 4.4 2.8 2.9 4.3 2.6 0.9 2.0 2.9 1.6 2.4 2.9 2.3 -6.5 4.9


2.1 Consumption 3.2 2.2 2.2 3.2 2.4 1.0 1.0 2.8 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.0 -4.1 5.12.2 Investment 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.7 0.6 -0.5 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.4 -1.0 0.22.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 -0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.5 0.42.4 Domestic demand 3.4 3.0 2.8 5.0 3.0 0.5 2.0 3.7 1.9 2.7 3.2 2.5 -5.5 5.82.5 Exports 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 -1.8 1.32.6 Final demand 3.7 3.3 3.6 5.7 3.2 1.1 2.6 3.7 1.9 3.1 3.6 2.5 -8.9 7.22.7 Imports -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -1.4 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6 -0.9 -0.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.1 2.4 -2.22.8 Net exports -0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.7 -0.4 0.4 0.0 -0.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.6 -1.0


3.1 Private sector savings 21.7 22.7 19.9 18.7 19.3 20.0 22.9 21.8 20.9 21.0 21.9 21.9 26.5 20.83.2 Net savings of households : 8.0 5.9 4.3 3.6 3.8 5.7 5.8 5.1 5.3 5.9 : : : 3.3 General government savings 1.4 -0.8 -1.2 2.0 -1.1 -3.8 -4.2 -1.6 -2.3 -2.4 -3.5 -3.8 -10.6 -5.03.4 National savings 23.2 21.8 18.7 20.6 18.2 16.3 18.7 20.2 18.6 18.6 18.4 18.1 16.0 15.83.5 Gross capital formation 23.0 23.3 21.7 22.8 22.3 20.8 20.1 21.1 20.4 20.6 21.0 20.9 19.6 19.73.6 Current account 0.2 -1.5 -3.0 -2.2 -4.1 -4.5 -1.4 -0.9 -1.8 -2.0 -2.5 -2.8 : :


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.7 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 -1.1 0.9 0.7 1.3 2.5 3.0 -5.4 -2.74.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.1 -0.8 -1.3 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.9 2.6 -5.3 -1.94.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 97.0 115.7 136.8 140.6 142.2 155.1 156.4 157.6 158.0 160.7 159.8 143.9 160.0

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.9 2.5 2.4 3.3 3.1 2.1 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.25.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.45.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.5 2.8 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.9 8.1 -0.75.4 Labour productivity growth 2.4 0.9 1.5 2.5 2.3 1.5 0.5 0.9 0.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 -0.2 2.95.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.0 0.7 1.1 1.9 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.8 1.1 0.8 -3.2 3.2


6.1 Employment 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.8 0.3 -0.6 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.1 -6.3 2.06.2 Activity rate 71.4 76.5 81.9 81.7 80.0 78.2 76.7 77.4 77.9 78.2 78.6 79.0 78.3 78.46.3 Employment rate 68.5 71.5 77.5 78.5 76.3 73.5 71.6 74.1 75.0 75.6 76.4 76.9 71.9 73.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.9 7.5 6.3 4.6 5.4 6.8 7.7 5.3 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.7 9.4 7.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 5.6 7.4 4.3 4.8 3.6 2.9 2.2 2.8 1.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 0.4 1.37.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.6 0.5 1.2 3.0 1.5 0.9 0.4 2.6 0.1 1.4 1.1 1.7 0.2 0.17.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.1 6.4 2.8 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 0.5 -1.57.4 Real unit labour costs -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.6 -1.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.8 0.0 0.1 -0.4 0.2 1.2 -3.07.5 GDP deflator 3.2 6.7 2.8 1.7 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.4 1.7 -0.6 1.57.6 Private consumption deflator 2.9 6.9 3.1 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.8 0.2 1.0 1.8 2.1 1.4 0.1 1.37.7 Terms of trade -0.3 -1.9 -0.6 0.3 -0.5 -0.2 0.5 3.5 1.7 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.3 -0.3


8.1 Total expenditure : 35.8 37.9 35.4 36.7 40.1 39.9 37.9 38.3 38.0 37.8 : : : 8.2 Total revenue : 31.0 32.4 34.1 31.9 32.0 32.1 33.3 32.9 33.7 31.2 31.0 31.4 30.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.0 -4.8 -5.5 -1.3 -4.8 -8.0 -7.8 -4.6 -5.4 -4.3 -6.6 -7.2 -17.8 -8.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 41.2 54.2 69.0 53.2 65.4 95.4 104.4 104.7 106.8 106.0 108.7 111.1 136.2 136.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.0 9.5 7.8 6.0 4.4 3.9 2.4 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.9 2.1 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.5 8.7 6.3 5.8 2.4 2.9 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.3 2.3 2.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.5 0.8 1.5 0.2 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.1 0.6 -0.2 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.8 2.7 4.9 4.3 2.1 2.0 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 5.7 -2.1 -1.5 0.8 15.1 4.7 -0.3 -0.6 3.6 6.2 1.29.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 98.1 103.4 89.9 86.8 100.0 103.5 102.5 101.5 104.2 109.4 110.2 (2015=100; based on HICP/CPI)


STATISTICAL ANNEX OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY

Statistical Annex of European Economy can be accessed and downloaded free of charge at the following address: https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/indicators-statistics/economic-databases/macro-economic-database-ameco/government-finance-and-other-macro-economic-data-eu-countries_en#general-government-data.

statistical annex of european economy...7 statistical annex long-term macroeconomic series notes on...

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