statistical annex of european economy · 2019. 5. 15. · 7 statistical annex long-term...

Economic and Financial Affairs

Statistical Annex of European Economy

SPRING 2019

X X

X X

European Commission Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs

Statistical Annex of European Economy

SPRING 2019

For inquiries concerning the data, please contact: A. Avdoulos tel. +32 (0)2 29 933 63 email: [email protected] N. Doyle tel. +32 (0)2 29 934 60 email: [email protected]

Cut-off date: 24 April 2019

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NOTES ON THE STATISTICAL ANNEX 7

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 8

POPULATION AND LABOUR MARKET1. Total population (National accounts) 102. Employment, persons; all domestic industries (National accounts) 123. Unemployment rate; total 14

OUTPUT4. Gross domestic product at current market prices 165. Gross domestic product at current market prices 186. Gross domestic product at current market prices 207. Gross domestic product at current market prices 228. Gross domestic product at current market prices per head of population 249. Gross domestic product at current market prices per head of population 2610. Gross domestic product at 2010 market prices 2811. Gross domestic product at 2010 market prices per person employed 3012. Industrial production; construction excluded 32

NATIONAL FINAL USES13. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices 3414. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices per head of population 3615. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices per head of population 3816. Private final consumption expenditure at 2010 prices 4017. Final consumption expenditure of general government at current prices 4218. Final consumption expenditure of general government at 2010 prices 4419. Gross fixed capital formation at current prices; total economy 4620. Gross fixed capital formation at 2010 prices; total economy 4821. Changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables at current prices; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 5022. Domestic demand including stocks at current prices …………………………………………………………………………………… 5223. Domestic demand including stocks at 2010 prices …………………………………………………………………………………… 54

PRICES24. Price deflator gross domestic product at market prices …………………………………………………………………………………… 5625. Price deflator private final consumption expenditure …………………………………………………………………………………… 5826. Price deflator exports of goods and services …………………………………………………………………………………… 6027. Price deflator imports of goods and services …………………………………………………………………………………… 6228. Terms of trade goods and services (National accounts) …………………………………………………………………………………… 64

WAGE COSTS29. Nominal compensation per employee; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 6630. Real compensation per employee, deflator GDP; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 6831. Real compensation per employee, deflator private consumption; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 7032. Adjusted wage share; total economy; as percentage of GDP at current factor cost …………………………………………………………………………………… 7233. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 7434. Real unit labour costs; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 7635. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy …………………………………………………………………………………… 78

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FOREIGN TRADE AND CURRENT BALANCE36. Exports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts) 8037. Exports of goods and services at 2010 prices 8238. Intra EU exports of goods 8439. Extra EU exports of goods 8640. Imports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts) 8841. Imports of goods and services at 2010 prices 9042. Intra EU imports of goods 9243. Extra EU imports of goods 9444. Balance on current transactions with the rest of the world (National accounts) 96

SAVING45. Gross national saving 9846. Gross saving; private sector 10047. Gross saving; general government 102

MONEY INTEREST RATES AND EXCHANGE RATES48. Nominal short-term interest rates 10449. Nominal long-term interest rates 10650. ECU-EUR exchange rates 10851. Conversion rates between the euro and the former national currencies of the Euro-Zone 11152. Nominal effective exchange rates 112

GENERAL GOVERNMENT (% OF GDP AT MARKET PRICES)53. Taxes linked to imports and production (indirect taxes); general government 11454. Current taxes on income and wealth (direct taxes); general government 11655. Net social contributions; general government 11856. Actual social contributions; general government 12057. Other current revenue including sales; general government 12258. Total current revenue; general government 12459. Final consumption expenditure of general government 12660. Collective consumption expenditure 12861. Social transfers in kind 13062. Compensation of employees; general government 13263. Intermediate consumption; general government 13464. Social benefits other than social transfers in kind; general government 13665. Social transfers in kind supplied to households via market producers; general government 13866. Interest; general government 14067. Subsidies; general government 14268. Other current expenditure; general government 14469. Total current expenditure; general government 14670. Gross saving; general government 14871. Capital transfers received; general government 15072. Total revenue; general government 15273. Gross fixed capital formation; general government 15474. Other capital expenditure, including capital transfers; general government 15675. Total expenditure; general government 15876. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-); general government 16077. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) excluding interest; general government 16278. General government consolidated gross debt 164………………………………………………………………………………………

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MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS79. Belgium 16680. Germany 16781. Estonia 16882. Ireland 16983. Greece 17084. Spain 17185. France 17286. Italy 17387. Cyprus 17488. Latvia 17589. Lithuania 17690. Luxembourg 17791. Malta 17892. Netherlands 17993. Austria 18094. Portugal 18195. Slovenia 18296. Slovakia 18397. Finland 18498. EA-19 18599. EA-12 186100. Bulgaria 187101. Czechia 188102. Denmark 189103. Croatia 190104. Hungary 191105. Poland 192106. Romania 193107. Sweden 194108. EU-27 195109. United Kingdom 196110. EU-28 197111. EU-15 198116. Albania 199114. Montenegro 200112. North Macedonia 201115. Serbia 202113. Turkey 203118. Japan 204117. United States 205

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SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL AANNNNEEXX

LLoonngg--tteerrmm mmaaccrrooeeccoonnoommiicc sseerriieess

NNootteess oonn tthhee ssttaattiissttiiccaall aannnneexx GGeenneerraall rreemmaarrkkss TThhiiss eeddiittiioonn ooff EEuurrooppeeaann EEccoonnoommyy ggiivveess iinn iittss ssttaattiissttiiccaall aannnneexx uuppddaatteedd ttiimmee sseerriieess ooff aannnnuuaall ddaattaa.. UUnnlleessss ootthheerrwwiissee ssttaatteedd,, ddaattaa ffoorr MMeemmbbeerr SSttaatteess aarree bbaasseedd oonn tthhee EESSAA 22001100 ssyysstteemm.. FFoorr tthhee mmaajjoorriittyy ooff MMeemmbbeerr SSttaatteess,, ddaattaa ssttaarrtt iinn 11999955,, tthhee eexxcceeppttiioonnss bbeeiinngg FFrraannccee,, wwhheerree ddaattaa ssttaarrtt iinn 11996600,, DDeennmmaarrkk iinn 11996666,, FFiinnllaanndd iinn 11997755,, GGeerrmmaannyy iinn 11999911,, SSwweeddeenn iinn 11999933,, UUKK iinn 11999977 aanndd LLuuxxeemmbboouurrgg iinn 22000000.. EESSAA 11999955 aanndd EESSAA 11997799 ddaattaa aarree uusseedd ffoorr tthhee eeaarrlliieerr yyeeaarrss.. DDaattaa ffoorr TTuurrkkeeyy,, MMoonntteenneeggrroo,, NNoorrtthh MMaacceeddoonniiaa,, SSeerrbbiiaa aanndd AAllbbaanniiaa aarree iinncclluuddeedd iinn tthhiiss ppuubblliiccaattiioonn.. FFoorr tthhee UUSSAA aanndd JJaappaann tthhee ddeeffiinniittiioonnss aarree aass iinn tthhee SSNNAA 22000088.. DDaattaa ssoouurrcceess aarree EEuurroossttaatt,, nnaattiioonnaall ppuubblliiccaattiioonnss,, tthhee OOEECCDD aanndd tthhee EEuurrooppeeaann CCeennttrraall BBaannkk.. FFiigguurreess ffoorr 22001199 aanndd 22002200 aarree ffoorreeccaassttss mmaaddee bbyy CCoommmmiissssiioonn ssttaaffff uussiinngg tthhee ddeeffiinniittiioonnss aanndd llaatteesstt ffiigguurreess aavvaaiillaabbllee ffrroomm nnaattiioonnaall ssoouurrcceess.. TThheessee sseerriieess aarree nnoott ffuullllyy ccoommppaarraabbllee wwiitthh tthhee ccoorrrreessppoonnddiinngg ffiigguurreess ffoorr eeaarrlliieerr yyeeaarrss;; hhoowweevveerr,, tthhee ddiissccoonnttiinnuuiittiieess ooff tthhee lleevveellss ooff tthheessee sseerriieess hhaavvee bbeeeenn eelliimmiinnaatteedd.. TThhee ffoorreeccaassttss aarree bbaasseedd oonn ddaattaa aavvaaiillaabbllee uupp ttoo 2244 AApprriill 22001199..

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Symbols and abbreviations

- nil : not available HU Hungary% percent or percentage MT MaltaMio million NL NetherlandsMrd 1000 million AT AustriaEUR euro PL PolandECU European currency unit PT PortugalPPS purchasing power standard RO RomaniaGDP gross domestic product, at market prices SI SloveniaESA European system of accounts SK SlovakiaSNA System of national accounts FI FinlandULC Unit labour costs SE Sweden

UK United KingdomD-W Germany prior to unification in 1990 EU-28 European Union AL AlbaniaEU-27 European Union excluding UK ME MontenegroEA-19 euro area MK North MacedoniaEU-15 former EU-15 RS SerbiaEA-12 former euro area TR Turkey

BE Belgium JP JapanBG Bulgaria US United StatesCZ CzechiaDK DenmarkDE GermanyEE EstoniaIE IrelandEL GreeceES SpainFR FranceHR Croatia IT ItalyCY CyprusLV LatviaLT LithuaniaLU Luxembourg

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Population and labour market

1. Total population (National accounts)

(1000)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3)

1960 9153 55433 1221 2835 8332 30263 46640 50200 573 2121 2779 332 333 11487 7047 8858 1585 4068 4430 247689 235010

1965 9464 58619 1305 2877 8550 31962 49830 52112 591 2266 2971 350 323 12295 7271 8999 1649 4371 4564 260368 246892

1970 9656 60651 1371 2951 8793 33761 51944 53822 614 2359 3140 358 327 13032 7467 8680 1725 4538 4606 269795 255720

1975 9801 61829 1441 3178 9047 35758 53932 55441 502 2456 3302 365 309 13660 7579 9093 1794 4739 4711 278936 264394

1980 9859 61566 1489 3402 9643 37491 55157 56434 509 2512 3413 364 321 14148 7549 9766 1901 4980 4780 285284 270159

1985 9857 61024 1541 3541 9934 38470 56663 56593 542 2579 3545 367 341 14488 7565 10024 1942 5162 4902 289078 273427

1990 9968 63253 1582 3506 10197 38867 58256 56719 580 2663 3698 382 360 14947 7678 9983 1998 5299 4986 294923 278743

1991 64074 296573 280382

1991 10006 79973 1574 3526 10320 38966 58548 56759 595 2651 3704 387 364 15068 7755 9960 1999 5303 5014 312472 2962811992 10047 80500 1545 3549 10399 39158 58839 56797 611 2614 3700 392 367 15182 7841 9952 1996 5305 5042 313839 2976991993 10086 80946 1506 3563 10460 39361 59095 56832 626 2563 3683 398 371 15290 7906 9965 1992 5325 5066 315035 2989691994 10116 81147 1474 3571 10513 39549 59315 56843 639 2521 3657 404 375 15381 7936 9992 1989 5347 5088 315857 2998551995 10137 81308 1448 3601 10562 39719 59530 56844 651 2485 3629 410 378 15459 7948 10026 1989 5363 5108 316595 3006521996 10157 81466 1425 3626 10609 39884 59742 56860 661 2457 3602 414 380 15530 7959 10064 1990 5374 5125 317325 3014361997 10181 81510 1406 3664 10661 40050 59955 56890 671 2433 3575 420 383 15611 7968 10109 1986 5383 5140 317997 3021601998 10203 81446 1393 3714 10721 40214 60176 56907 679 2410 3549 425 385 15707 7977 10160 1982 5391 5154 318593 3028031999 10226 81422 1379 3755 10762 40370 60487 56916 687 2391 3524 431 387 15812 7992 10218 1984 5396 5166 319304 3035562000 10251 81457 1401 3804 10806 40554 60903 56942 694 2368 3500 437 390 15926 8012 10290 1989 5401 5176 320301 304558

2001 10287 81517 1393 3864 10862 40766 61348 56980 702 2338 3471 442 393 16046 8042 10363 1992 5380 5188 321372 3057052002 10333 81578 1384 3932 10902 41424 61796 57100 710 2310 3443 447 396 16149 8082 10420 1995 5379 5201 322978 3073622003 10376 81549 1375 3997 10928 42196 62235 57413 718 2288 3415 452 399 16225 8118 10459 1996 5379 5213 324732 3091612004 10421 81456 1366 4067 10955 42859 62695 57845 728 2263 3377 459 401 16282 8169 10484 1997 5382 5228 326436 3109212005 10479 81337 1359 4160 10987 43663 63168 58191 739 2239 3323 466 404 16320 8225 10503 2001 5387 5246 328195 3127452006 10548 81173 1351 4270 11020 44361 63609 58428 751 2219 3270 473 405 16346 8268 10522 2008 5391 5266 329679 3142852007 10626 80992 1343 4400 11049 45236 64003 58787 767 2201 3231 481 407 16382 8295 10543 2019 5397 5289 331447 3160832008 10710 80764 1338 4496 11078 45983 64361 59242 787 2178 3198 489 409 16446 8322 10558 2021 5406 5313 333100 3177622009 10796 80483 1336 4539 11107 46368 64692 59578 808 2142 3163 498 412 16530 8341 10568 2042 5418 5339 334160 3188402010 10896 80284 1333 4560 11121 46562 65011 59830 829 2097 3097 508 414 16615 8361 10573 2049 5430 5363 334935 319684

2011 10994 80275 1330 4579 11105 46736 65330 60060 851 2059 3028 519 416 16693 8389 10558 2053 5398 5388 335760 3206262012 11068 80426 1325 4597 11045 46766 65651 60339 864 2034 2988 532 420 16755 8426 10515 2057 5406 5414 336628 3215352013 11125 80646 1320 4620 10965 46593 65991 60646 862 2013 2958 545 426 16804 8477 10457 2060 5413 5439 337361 3223102014 11180 80983 1316 4652 10892 46455 66312 60789 853 1994 2932 558 435 16865 8544 10401 2062 5419 5463 338105 3230952015 11238 81687 1313 4696 10821 46410 66548 60731 848 1977 2905 569 445 16940 8630 10358 2063 5422 5481 339082 3241082016 11295 82349 1316 4749 10776 46450 66721 60628 852 1959 2868 584 456 17030 8740 10326 2065 5431 5495 340088 3251422017 11349 82657 1316 4802 10755 46534 66865 60537 860 1941 2822 597 469 17131 8795 10300 2066 5438 5508 340742 3258302018 11405 82885 1319 4861 10728 46733 66977 60438 869 1926 2800 609 482 17232 8844 10279 2071 5446 5516 341420 3265052019 11460 83038 1321 4906 10670 46967 67263 60419 875 1911 2782 620 490 17330 8887 10273 2073 5454 5527 342266 3273612020 11518 83124 1322 4948 10610 47202 67545 60395 881 1897 2764 630 497 17417 8929 10268 2076 5460 5538 343022 328126

1) 1960-91 D_W 2) ; 1960-91 including D_W 3) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

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1. Total population (National accounts)

(1000)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3)

1960 7867 9605 4562 3990 9984 29575 18474 7485 339231 52368 391600 299425 1602 : 1392 : 27506 93674 180760

1965 8204 9783 4741 4126 10148 31379 19101 7734 355583 54345 409928 313711 1857 : 1500 : 31149 98447 194347

1970 8490 9861 4938 4252 10338 32596 20247 8043 368560 55627 424187 324328 2126 : 1629 : 35321 104926 205089

1975 8721 10062 5060 4349 10541 33944 21290 8192 381095 56232 437326 333878 2394 : 1756 : 40026 112423 215981

1980 8862 10308 5124 4433 10711 35500 22204 8310 390735 56320 447055 339913 2660 : 1891 : 44439 117827 227726

1985 8961 10341 5113 4531 10649 37124 22730 8350 396875 56556 453431 343446 2952 : 2017 : 50307 121894 238506

1990 8718 10337 5140 4604 10374 38031 23198 8559 403884 57253 461138 349695 3259 : 1882 : 55120 124516 250181

1991 405287 462718 351584

1991 8632 10312 5154 4519 10373 38109 22998 8617 421186 57431 478617 367483 3211 : 1900 : 56055 124940 2535301992 8540 10323 5171 4410 10369 38173 22791 8668 422284 57586 479870 369124 3165 : 1985 : 56986 125341 2569221993 8472 10333 5189 4434 10358 38221 22760 8719 423520 57725 481245 370601 3180 : 1999 : 57913 125718 2602821994 8444 10337 5206 4483 10343 38252 22727 8781 424431 57872 482302 371713 3220 : 1947 : 58837 126063 2634551995 8406 10331 5230 4453 10329 38275 22681 8827 425127 58025 483152 372734 3252 : 1964 : 59756 126375 2665881996 8363 10315 5262 4307 10311 38289 22608 8841 425621 58164 483785 373703 3289 : 1982 : 60671 126654 2697141997 8312 10304 5285 4259 10290 38292 22546 8846 426131 58314 484445 374605 3325 : 1997 : 61582 126903 2729581998 8257 10295 5303 4224 10267 38284 22503 8851 426576 58475 485051 375432 3349 : 2008 : 62464 127127 2761541999 8211 10283 5321 4425 10238 38270 22458 8858 427366 58684 486050 376419 3202 : 2017 7540 63364 127336 2793282000 8170 10273 5338 4298 10211 38256 22435 8872 428153 58886 487039 377654 3047 605 2026 7516 64252 127534 282398

2001 7913 10224 5357 4300 10188 38251 22408 8896 428910 59113 488023 379071 3060 607 2035 7503 65133 127724 2852252002 7869 10201 5376 4305 10159 38232 21676 8925 429721 59366 489087 381029 3051 609 2031 7500 66008 127903 2879552003 7824 10202 5390 4306 10130 38195 21574 8958 431310 59637 490947 383146 3040 611 2027 7481 66873 128068 2906262004 7781 10207 5403 4308 10107 38180 21452 8994 432868 59950 492818 385267 3027 613 2033 7463 67723 128214 2932622005 7740 10234 5419 4312 10087 38161 21320 9030 434497 60413 494910 387607 3011 613 2037 7441 68566 128336 2959932006 7699 10267 5437 4313 10071 38132 21194 9081 435872 60827 496699 389629 2993 614 2040 7412 69395 128433 2988182007 7660 10323 5460 4313 10056 38116 20883 9148 437405 61319 498724 392010 2970 615 2044 7382 70215 128505 3016962008 7623 10430 5493 4311 10038 38116 20538 9220 438868 61824 500692 394299 2947 616 2047 7350 71052 128551 3045432009 7585 10491 5523 4306 10023 38483 20367 9299 440238 62261 502499 395922 2928 618 2051 7321 72039 128567 3072402010 7534 10517 5547 4296 10000 38517 20247 9378 440972 62760 503732 397369 2913 619 2055 7291 73142 128552 309794

2011 7348 10497 5570 4283 9972 38526 20148 9449 441553 63285 504838 398930 2905 620 2059 7237 74224 128505 3120982012 7306 10509 5591 4269 9920 38534 20060 9519 442337 63705 506042 400350 2900 621 2061 7202 75176 128426 3143742013 7265 10511 5613 4254 9893 38502 19989 9600 442989 64106 507095 401629 2895 621 2064 7167 76148 128313 3165982014 7224 10525 5643 4236 9866 38484 19916 9696 443696 64597 508293 403031 2889 622 2067 7132 77182 128163 3189532015 7178 10543 5682 4208 9843 38455 19820 9799 444610 65110 509720 404699 2881 622 2070 7095 78218 127975 3213232016 7128 10565 5729 4172 9814 38427 19707 9923 445553 65648 511201 406442 2876 622 2072 7058 79278 127749 3236682017 7076 10590 5767 4130 9788 38422 19592 10058 446163 66040 512203 407695 2873 619 2075 7021 80313 127484 3259832018 7049 10636 5794 4105 9771 38413 19531 10175 446893 66466 513359 408941 2872 619 2077 7001 81381 127208 3283412019 6998 10679 5830 4084 9752 38402 19417 10272 447699 66868 514567 410330 2870 618 2080 6969 82471 126953 3307262020 6945 10711 5860 4064 9732 38372 19301 10370 448378 67255 515633 411611 2870 618 2082 6937 83159 126572 333125

1) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-91 including D_W 3) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

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2. Employment, persons; all domestic industries (National accounts)

(Annual percentage change)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2)

1961-1970 0.5 0.2 : 0.0 -0.8 0.6 0.6 -0.5 : : : 0.6 : 1.9 -0.4 0.2 : : 0.4 : 0.2

1971-1980 0.2 0.3 : 0.9 0.7 -0.6 0.6 0.7 : : : 1.2 : 0.9 0.7 0.1 : : 0.3 : 0.4

1981-1990 0.2 1.0 : -0.2 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.6 : : : 1.7 : 1.2 0.2 0.2 : : 0.5 : 0.7

1991 0.3 2.8 -2.8 -0.3 -1.8 1.2 0.2 1.9 : -0.8 2.4 4.0 1.9 1.9 1.2 2.8 : : -5.6 : 1.41992 -0.1 -1.3 -6.0 0.3 1.4 -1.4 -0.6 -0.7 : -7.3 -2.2 2.8 1.3 1.4 0.4 -1.6 : : -7.0 : -0.91993 -0.6 -1.3 -7.9 1.5 0.8 -2.8 -1.0 -2.7 : -6.9 -4.2 1.8 0.9 0.4 -0.5 -2.0 : : -6.0 : -1.51994 -0.4 0.0 -3.3 3.1 1.9 -0.5 0.5 -1.6 : -10.1 -5.8 2.7 0.5 0.7 0.0 -1.0 : : -1.4 : -0.21995 1.6 0.4 -6.2 4.1 0.9 1.9 1.0 -0.2 : -10.4 -1.9 2.6 3.2 2.3 -0.4 -0.7 : : 1.8 : 0.71996 0.3 0.0 -2.4 3.7 -0.6 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 2.6 1.6 2.1 0.4 1.7 -2.0 2.1 1.4 0.6 0.61997 0.7 -0.1 0.0 3.9 -0.4 3.7 0.8 0.3 0.6 4.5 0.6 3.4 0.3 3.1 0.7 2.6 -1.8 -1.0 3.4 1.0 1.01998 1.8 1.2 -1.9 6.6 4.4 4.4 1.7 1.0 1.6 -0.4 -0.8 4.4 -0.2 2.4 1.0 2.8 -0.1 -0.5 1.9 1.8 2.01999 1.4 1.6 -4.5 6.5 0.0 4.6 2.4 1.1 1.8 -1.8 -2.2 4.8 0.7 2.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 -2.5 2.5 1.9 2.12000 2.0 2.3 0.9 4.5 0.3 5.0 2.5 1.9 1.7 -3.4 -4.3 5.3 -1.2 1.8 0.9 2.2 1.6 -2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5

1991-2000 0.7 0.6 -3.4 3.4 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.1 : -3.7 -1.8 3.4 0.9 1.9 0.5 0.8 : : -0.8 : 0.8

2001 1.4 -0.3 0.6 3.1 0.4 3.3 1.4 2.0 2.2 1.6 -3.8 5.7 1.8 2.0 0.7 1.7 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.2 1.32002 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 1.6 2.4 2.6 0.5 1.7 2.1 1.5 3.6 2.9 0.3 0.7 -0.1 0.4 1.6 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.72003 -0.1 -1.1 2.1 1.9 1.4 3.3 0.0 1.5 3.6 0.6 2.2 1.8 -0.4 -0.6 0.7 -1.0 -0.3 1.1 0.1 0.4 0.42004 1.0 0.3 -0.4 3.4 2.4 3.8 0.1 0.6 4.0 0.2 -1.1 2.4 0.4 -1.1 0.6 -0.7 0.3 -0.2 0.6 0.8 0.82005 1.4 0.0 2.3 4.9 0.9 4.3 0.7 0.6 3.6 0.9 0.8 2.8 1.3 0.7 1.2 -0.5 -0.5 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.02006 1.1 0.8 4.9 4.6 1.8 4.2 1.1 2.0 1.9 5.8 -0.3 3.8 1.5 2.2 1.8 0.4 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.72007 1.7 1.7 0.2 4.4 1.3 3.3 1.4 1.2 4.4 3.8 2.0 4.4 2.2 2.9 1.8 0.0 3.4 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.92008 1.8 1.3 -0.2 -0.6 1.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 3.5 -0.8 -1.3 4.8 2.5 1.6 1.9 0.4 2.6 3.2 2.2 0.8 0.82009 -0.2 0.1 -10.2 -7.8 -0.6 -6.3 -1.1 -1.7 0.0 -14.3 -7.7 1.0 0.0 -0.9 -0.5 -2.7 -1.8 -2.0 -2.4 -1.9 -1.72010 0.6 0.3 -4.9 -4.5 -2.6 -1.7 0.1 -0.6 0.5 -6.7 -5.3 1.8 1.7 -0.7 0.8 -1.4 -2.1 -1.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4

2001-2010 0.9 0.3 -0.7 1.0 0.9 1.6 0.5 0.7 2.6 -0.9 -1.1 3.1 1.1 0.7 0.9 -0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6

2011 1.4 1.4 6.5 -1.9 -6.9 -2.7 0.8 0.3 0.0 1.5 0.5 2.9 2.9 0.9 1.6 -1.9 -1.7 1.8 1.3 0.1 0.12012 0.4 1.2 1.6 -0.5 -6.3 -4.0 0.3 -0.3 -3.2 1.4 1.8 2.4 2.8 -0.2 1.0 -4.1 -0.9 0.1 0.9 -0.4 -0.52013 -0.3 0.6 1.2 3.0 -2.6 -2.6 0.2 -1.8 -5.9 2.3 1.3 1.8 3.8 -1.2 0.3 -2.9 -1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.62014 0.4 0.8 0.8 2.7 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.1 -1.8 -1.4 2.0 2.6 5.4 -0.1 1.0 1.4 0.4 1.4 -0.5 0.6 0.62015 0.9 0.9 2.9 3.5 0.7 2.8 0.2 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 2.6 4.1 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.3 2.0 -0.1 1.0 1.02016 1.3 1.3 0.3 3.8 0.5 2.6 0.7 1.3 4.6 -0.3 2.0 3.0 4.3 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.4 0.5 1.4 1.42017 1.4 1.4 2.7 2.9 1.5 2.6 1.1 1.2 4.3 0.0 -0.5 3.4 7.8 2.2 1.7 3.3 2.9 2.2 1.2 1.6 1.62018 1.2 1.3 1.2 3.5 1.7 2.1 1.0 0.9 4.0 1.6 1.1 3.7 5.6 2.5 1.7 2.3 3.0 2.0 2.7 1.5 1.52019 0.8 0.8 0.6 2.0 1.5 2.0 0.8 0.3 2.6 0.3 0.4 3.1 4.0 1.4 1.0 1.1 2.3 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.02020 0.7 0.5 -0.1 1.8 1.3 1.5 0.7 0.3 2.0 0.0 0.1 2.8 3.4 0.7 0.5 0.8 2.1 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7

2011-2020 0.8 1.0 1.8 2.1 -0.8 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.0 2.8 4.4 0.8 1.1 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.7

1) 1961-91 D_W 2) Former Euro area 12; 1961-91 including D_W

13


2. Employment, persons; all domestic industries (National accounts)


BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2)

1961-1970 : : 1.2 : : : : 0.7 : 0.3 : 0.3 : : : : 1.0 1.4 1.8

1971-1980 : : 0.4 : : : : 0.8 : 0.2 : 0.4 : : : : 1.9 0.8 2.1

1981-1990 : : 0.5 : : : : 0.7 : 0.7 : 0.7 : : : : 1.6 0.9 1.8

1991 : : -1.0 : : : -0.5 -1.5 : -3.0 : 0.5 : : : : 4.0 2.0 -0.91992 : : -0.8 : : : -3.0 -4.5 : -1.9 : -1.1 : : : : 0.9 1.1 0.51993 : : -1.6 : : -1.9 -3.8 -4.7 : -0.8 : -1.5 : : : : -4.9 0.4 1.31994 : 1.1 2.0 : : -1.6 -0.5 -1.0 : 0.8 : 0.0 : : : : 8.1 0.1 2.21995 : 0.7 0.6 : : 0.9 -5.2 1.6 : 1.2 : 0.8 : : : : 2.9 0.3 1.41996 2.7 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.1 1.2 -3.3 -0.8 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.7 -1.9 : : : 3.0 0.1 1.31997 -3.1 -0.7 1.4 0.1 0.2 1.4 0.8 -1.3 0.8 1.8 0.9 1.1 -0.8 : : : 0.1 0.7 2.21998 -1.0 -1.7 1.4 -0.2 1.6 1.2 -3.0 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.8 -2.0 : 3.4 : 2.7 -1.1 1.41999 -4.3 -2.2 0.8 0.0 2.8 -3.9 -1.2 2.1 1.0 1.4 1.1 2.0 -1.8 : -0.6 : 1.2 -1.3 1.52000 -2.4 -0.8 0.7 -0.1 1.0 -1.6 -0.8 2.5 1.6 1.2 1.5 2.2 0.3 : 0.3 : -2.1 -0.7 2.5

1991-2000 : : 0.5 : : : -2.1 -0.6 : 0.2 : 0.6 : : : : 1.5 0.2 1.3

2001 -0.8 -0.3 1.0 -0.6 -0.2 -2.2 -1.1 2.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.2 -13.9 : -2.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.4 0.02002 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.9 -0.1 -3.0 -10.2 0.0 -0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.7 0.0 : 3.2 -3.4 -0.8 -1.2 -0.32003 3.0 -0.8 -0.9 2.5 0.0 -1.2 0.0 -0.6 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.7 : 0.1 -2.7 -1.0 0.1 0.92004 2.6 -0.2 -0.5 0.8 -1.0 1.1 -1.7 -0.7 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.5 : -6.6 0.4 -7.2 0.6 1.12005 2.7 1.9 1.4 1.0 -0.3 2.2 -1.5 0.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.1 : 4.9 -6.7 2.2 0.8 1.72006 3.3 1.3 2.3 3.2 0.4 3.2 0.7 1.7 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.6 0.3 -0.5 4.6 -3.8 1.8 0.7 1.92007 3.2 2.1 2.3 3.2 0.1 4.5 0.4 2.3 2.0 0.8 1.9 1.7 28.1 19.3 3.0 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.12008 2.4 2.2 1.2 2.1 -2.0 3.8 0.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 -6.3 3.1 7.9 6.3 2.2 -0.2 -0.42009 -1.7 -1.8 -3.1 -0.7 -2.5 0.4 -2.0 -2.4 -1.7 -1.6 -1.7 -1.7 3.3 -2.7 4.4 -7.3 0.4 -1.2 -3.72010 -3.9 -1.0 -2.3 -3.8 -1.1 -2.7 -0.3 1.0 -0.8 0.2 -0.7 -0.3 0.6 -1.6 -3.6 -8.4 6.2 -0.2 -0.6

2001-2010 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.8 -0.7 0.6 -1.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 : 1.5 -2.5 0.5 0.0 0.2

2011 -2.2 -0.3 0.0 -3.9 0.0 0.6 -0.8 2.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 -0.7 -6.4 1.4 -6.0 6.7 -0.1 0.62012 -2.5 0.4 -0.7 -3.6 0.2 0.1 -4.8 0.7 -0.6 1.1 -0.4 -0.2 -10.6 2.6 1.2 -1.1 2.9 -0.4 1.82013 -0.4 0.3 0.0 -2.6 1.1 -0.1 -0.9 1.0 -0.5 1.2 -0.3 -0.3 -4.3 0.4 5.6 3.7 2.8 0.6 1.02014 0.4 0.6 0.9 2.7 4.8 1.7 0.8 1.4 0.8 2.4 1.0 0.9 : 7.1 2.4 10.8 1.6 0.6 1.62015 0.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 2.4 1.5 -1.3 1.5 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.1 : 2.5 1.9 0.6 2.7 0.4 1.72016 0.5 1.6 1.5 0.3 3.1 0.8 -1.1 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 : 1.1 1.6 5.6 2.2 1.0 1.72017 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.3 2.6 2.3 1.7 1.0 1.6 1.5 : 2.3 2.4 2.8 3.9 1.0 1.32018 -0.1 1.6 1.8 2.4 2.2 0.3 0.2 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 : 2.3 0.4 1.4 2.3 1.0 1.62019 0.1 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 : 1.4 2.4 0.8 -0.2 0.5 1.22020 0.1 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 : 1.2 2.3 1.2 3.0 0.2 0.8

2011-2020 -0.2 0.9 0.8 0.1 1.7 0.7 -0.5 1.4 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.8 : 1.4 2.1 1.9 2.8 0.5 1.3

1) EU excluding UK 2) Former EU-15; 1961-91 including D_W

14


3. Unemployment rate; totalMember States: definition EUROSTAT

(Percentage of active population)


1960-1970 1.9 0.6 : 5.4 5.0 2.4 1.7 4.8 : : : 0.0 : 0.9 1.5 2.5 : : 1.8 : 2.3

1971-1980 4.6 2.2 : 7.7 2.2 5.4 3.4 6.1 : : : 0.7 : 4.4 1.3 5.2 : : 3.8 : 4.0

1981-1990 9.5 6.0 : 14.7 6.4 16.7 7.9 8.6 : : : 2.5 : 8.3 3.3 8.0 : : 4.6 : 8.5

1991 4.2 7.7

1991 6.4 5.6 : 14.7 7.1 15.5 8.1 8.5 : 0.5 0.3 1.6 4.6 5.7 3.6 5.0 : : 6.6 : 7.91992 7.1 6.6 : 15.4 7.9 17.0 9.0 8.8 : 3.0 1.4 2.1 5.0 5.7 3.6 5.0 : : 11.7 : 8.51993 8.6 7.8 6.6 15.6 8.6 20.8 10.1 9.7 : 6.7 4.8 2.6 5.5 6.5 4.0 6.3 : : 16.3 : 10.21994 9.8 8.4 7.6 14.3 8.9 22.0 10.4 10.6 : 13.1 4.2 3.2 5.4 7.2 4.3 7.6 : : 16.6 : 10.91995 9.7 8.2 9.8 12.3 9.2 20.7 10.2 11.2 : 14.9 6.8 2.9 4.6 8.3 4.2 7.9 6.8 12.1 15.4 : 10.71996 9.5 8.9 10.2 11.7 9.6 19.9 10.5 11.2 : 15.9 7.7 2.9 5.2 7.7 4.7 8.0 6.9 11.1 14.6 : 10.91997 9.2 9.6 9.6 9.9 9.8 18.4 10.7 11.2 5.2 15.4 6.5 2.7 6.3 6.5 4.7 7.5 6.9 11.5 12.7 : 10.81998 9.3 9.4 9.2 7.5 11.1 16.4 10.3 11.3 5.1 14.0 13.2 2.7 6.5 5.1 4.7 6.1 7.4 12.7 11.4 10.4 10.31999 8.4 8.6 11.3 5.8 12.0 13.6 10.0 10.9 5.4 14.1 14.6 2.4 7.1 4.2 4.2 5.5 7.4 16.5 10.2 9.7 9.52000 6.9 7.9 14.6 4.5 11.2 11.9 8.6 10.0 4.8 14.3 16.4 2.2 6.7 3.7 3.9 5.1 6.7 18.9 9.8 8.9 8.5

1991-2000 8.5 8.1 : 11.2 9.5 17.6 9.8 10.3 : 11.2 7.6 2.5 5.7 6.1 4.2 6.4 : : 12.5 : 9.8

2001 6.6 7.8 13.0 4.2 10.7 10.6 7.8 9.0 3.9 13.5 17.4 1.9 7.6 3.1 4.0 5.1 6.2 19.5 9.1 8.3 7.92002 7.5 8.6 11.2 4.7 10.3 11.5 7.9 8.5 3.5 12.5 13.8 2.6 7.0 3.7 4.4 6.2 6.3 18.8 9.1 8.6 8.32003 8.2 9.7 10.3 4.8 9.7 11.5 8.5 8.4 4.1 11.6 12.4 3.8 7.6 4.8 4.8 7.4 6.7 17.7 9.0 9.1 8.92004 8.4 10.4 10.1 4.7 10.6 11.0 8.9 8.0 4.6 11.7 10.9 5.0 7.2 5.7 5.5 7.8 6.3 18.4 8.8 9.3 9.12005 8.5 11.2 8.0 4.6 10.0 9.2 8.9 7.7 5.3 10.0 8.3 4.6 6.9 5.9 5.6 8.8 6.5 16.4 8.4 9.1 9.02006 8.3 10.1 5.9 4.8 9.0 8.5 8.8 6.8 4.6 7.0 5.8 4.6 6.8 5.0 5.3 8.9 6.0 13.5 7.7 8.4 8.42007 7.5 8.5 4.6 5.0 8.4 8.2 8.0 6.1 3.9 6.1 4.3 4.2 6.5 4.2 4.9 9.1 4.9 11.2 6.9 7.5 7.52008 7.0 7.4 5.5 6.8 7.8 11.3 7.4 6.7 3.7 7.7 5.8 4.9 6.0 3.7 4.1 8.8 4.4 9.6 6.4 7.6 7.62009 7.9 7.6 13.5 12.6 9.6 17.9 9.1 7.7 5.4 17.5 13.8 5.1 6.9 4.4 5.3 10.7 5.9 12.1 8.2 9.6 9.52010 8.3 7.0 16.7 14.6 12.7 19.9 9.3 8.4 6.3 19.5 17.8 4.6 6.9 5.0 4.8 12.0 7.3 14.5 8.4 10.2 10.0

2001-2010 7.8 8.8 9.9 6.7 9.9 12.0 8.5 7.7 4.5 11.7 11.0 4.1 6.9 4.6 4.9 8.5 6.1 15.2 8.2 8.8 8.6

2011 7.2 5.8 12.3 15.4 17.9 21.4 9.2 8.4 7.9 16.2 15.4 4.8 6.4 5.0 4.6 12.9 8.2 13.7 7.8 10.2 10.12012 7.6 5.4 10.0 15.5 24.5 24.8 9.8 10.7 11.9 15.0 13.4 5.1 6.2 5.8 4.9 15.8 8.9 14.0 7.7 11.4 11.32013 8.4 5.2 8.6 13.8 27.5 26.1 10.3 12.1 15.9 11.9 11.8 5.9 6.1 7.3 5.4 16.4 10.1 14.2 8.2 12.0 12.02014 8.5 5.0 7.4 11.9 26.5 24.5 10.3 12.7 16.1 10.8 10.7 6.0 5.7 7.4 5.6 14.1 9.7 13.2 8.7 11.6 11.62015 8.5 4.6 6.2 10.0 24.9 22.1 10.4 11.9 15.0 9.9 9.1 6.5 5.4 6.9 5.7 12.6 9.0 11.5 9.4 10.9 10.92016 7.8 4.1 6.8 8.4 23.6 19.6 10.1 11.7 13.0 9.6 7.9 6.3 4.7 6.0 6.0 11.2 8.0 9.7 8.8 10.0 10.12017 7.1 3.8 5.8 6.7 21.5 17.2 9.4 11.2 11.1 8.7 7.1 5.6 4.0 4.9 5.5 9.0 6.6 8.1 8.6 9.1 9.22018 6.0 3.4 5.7 5.8 19.3 15.3 9.1 10.6 8.4 7.4 6.2 5.4 3.7 3.8 4.9 7.0 5.1 6.5 7.4 8.2 8.32019 5.6 3.1 5.7 5.4 18.2 13.5 8.8 10.9 6.7 6.9 6.2 5.2 3.8 3.5 4.7 6.2 4.8 5.9 6.7 7.7 7.82020 5.3 2.7 5.7 5.0 16.8 12.2 8.5 11.0 5.9 6.7 6.0 5.2 3.9 3.6 4.7 5.7 4.6 5.6 6.2 7.3 7.4

2011-2020 7.2 4.3 7.4 9.8 22.1 19.7 9.6 11.1 11.2 10.3 9.4 5.6 5.0 5.4 5.2 11.1 7.5 10.2 8.0 9.8 9.9


15


3. Unemployment rate; totalMember States: definition EUROSTAT

(Percentage of active population)


1960-1970 : : 1.2 : : : : 1.9 : 1.6 : 2.1 : : : : 8.3 1.3 4.8

1971-1980 : : 3.6 : : : : 2.6 : 3.8 : 3.9 : : : : 6.7 1.8 6.4

1981-1990 : : 6.9 : : : : 3.3 : 9.6 : 8.5 : : : : 6.6 2.5 7.1

1991 7.8

1991 : : 7.9 : : : : 3.9 : 8.6 : 7.9 : : : : 7.0 2.1 6.81992 : : 8.6 : : 13.3 8.3 6.5 : 9.8 : 8.4 : : : : 7.2 2.2 7.51993 : 4.2 9.6 : : 14.0 10.6 10.2 : 10.2 : 10.1 : : : : 7.6 2.5 6.91994 : 4.2 7.7 : : 14.4 11.1 10.6 : 9.3 : 10.5 : : : : 7.3 2.9 6.11995 10.0 3.9 6.7 : 9.7 13.2 9.7 10.0 : 8.5 : 10.2 : : : : 6.6 3.1 5.61996 9.5 3.8 6.3 : 9.9 12.1 7.0 10.7 : 7.9 : 10.3 : : 31.9 : 5.8 3.4 5.41997 11.9 4.7 5.2 : 9.1 10.9 6.1 11.0 : 6.8 : 10.1 : : 36.0 : 6.1 3.4 4.91998 10.9 6.5 4.9 : 8.7 10.2 6.3 9.3 : 6.1 : 9.5 : : 34.5 : 6.3 4.1 4.51999 12.3 8.7 5.2 : 6.9 13.4 7.1 7.9 : 5.9 : 8.8 : : 32.4 : 7.1 4.7 4.22000 16.4 8.8 4.3 15.6 6.3 16.1 7.6 6.7 9.4 5.4 8.9 7.9 : : 32.2 12.1 7.6 4.7 4.0

1991-2000 : : 6.6 : : : : 8.7 : 7.9 : 9.4 : : : : 6.9 3.3 5.6

2001 19.6 8.1 4.5 16.0 5.6 18.3 7.4 5.8 9.2 5.0 8.7 7.3 : : 30.5 12.2 7.4 5.0 4.72002 18.2 7.3 4.6 15.3 5.6 20.0 8.3 6.0 9.6 5.1 9.0 7.7 : : 31.9 13.3 8.3 5.4 5.82003 13.7 7.8 5.4 14.1 5.8 19.8 7.7 6.6 9.8 5.0 9.2 8.1 : : 36.7 14.6 7.7 5.3 6.02004 12.1 8.3 5.5 13.8 6.1 19.1 8.0 7.4 9.9 4.7 9.3 8.3 : : 37.1 18.5 8.0 4.7 5.52005 10.1 7.9 4.8 13.0 7.2 17.9 7.1 7.7 9.7 4.8 9.0 8.2 : 30.4 37.3 20.8 9.5 4.4 5.12006 9.0 7.1 3.9 11.6 7.5 13.9 7.2 7.1 8.7 5.4 8.2 7.8 : 29.6 36.0 20.9 9.0 4.1 4.62007 6.9 5.3 3.8 9.9 7.4 9.6 6.4 6.1 7.5 5.3 7.2 7.1 : 19.4 34.9 18.1 9.1 3.8 4.62008 5.6 4.4 3.4 8.6 7.8 7.1 5.6 6.2 7.2 5.6 7.0 7.2 : 17.2 33.8 13.6 10.0 4.0 5.82009 6.8 6.7 6.0 9.3 10.0 8.1 6.5 8.3 9.2 7.6 9.0 9.1 : 19.2 32.2 16.1 13.0 5.1 9.32010 10.3 7.3 7.5 11.8 11.2 9.7 7.0 8.6 9.9 7.8 9.6 9.6 : 19.7 32.0 19.2 11.1 5.0 9.6

2001-2010 11.2 7.0 4.9 12.3 7.4 14.4 7.1 7.0 9.1 5.6 8.6 8.0 : : 34.2 16.7 9.3 4.7 6.1

2011 11.3 6.7 7.6 13.7 11.0 9.7 7.2 7.8 9.9 8.1 9.7 9.6 : 19.7 31.4 23.0 9.1 4.6 8.92012 12.3 7.0 7.5 15.8 11.0 10.1 6.8 8.0 10.9 7.9 10.5 10.6 : 19.7 31.0 23.9 8.4 4.3 8.12013 13.0 7.0 7.0 17.4 10.2 10.3 7.1 8.0 11.4 7.5 10.9 11.1 : 19.5 29.0 22.1 9.0 4.0 7.42014 11.4 6.1 6.6 17.2 7.7 9.0 6.8 7.9 10.9 6.1 10.2 10.5 : 18.0 28.0 19.2 9.9 3.6 6.22015 9.2 5.1 6.2 16.1 6.8 7.5 6.8 7.4 10.0 5.3 9.4 9.8 : 17.6 26.2 17.7 10.3 3.4 5.32016 7.6 4.0 6.2 13.4 5.1 6.2 5.9 6.9 9.1 4.8 8.6 9.0 : 17.7 25.6 15.3 10.9 3.1 4.92017 6.2 2.9 5.7 11.0 4.2 4.9 4.9 6.7 8.1 4.4 7.6 8.2 : 16.1 24.3 13.5 10.9 2.8 4.42018 5.2 2.2 5.0 8.5 3.7 3.9 4.2 6.3 7.3 4.0 6.8 7.5 : 15.5 22.6 12.7 11.0 2.4 3.92019 5.0 2.2 4.8 7.8 3.5 3.8 4.1 6.4 6.9 4.1 6.5 7.1 : 14.8 22.1 11.0 14.0 2.4 3.82020 4.8 2.3 4.7 6.9 3.5 3.5 4.0 6.4 6.6 4.2 6.2 6.8 : 15.0 21.5 9.0 13.6 2.3 3.7

2011-2020 8.6 4.6 6.1 12.8 6.7 6.9 5.8 7.2 9.1 5.6 8.6 9.0 : 17.4 26.2 16.7 10.7 3.3 5.7


16

Output

4. Gross domestic product at current market prices

(National currency)


Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EUR EUR

BEF DEM EEK IEP GRD ESP FRF ITL CYP LVL LTL LUF MTL NLG ATS PTE SIT SKK FIM

1960 15.0 162 : 0.9 0.4 5 47 13 0.18 : : 0.89 0.13 23.0 12.6 0.5 : : 2.8 : 225

1965 22.4 245 : 1.4 0.7 9 76 22 0.26 : : 1.19 0.14 37.3 19.0 0.8 : : 4.7 : 366

1970 34.0 361 : 2.3 1.2 17 126 36 0.43 : : 1.87 0.25 62.7 29.0 1.2 : : 8.0 : 602

1975 60.4 551 : 5.5 2.7 40 236 76 0.49 : : 2.95 0.44 115.0 50.7 2.6 : : 18.2 : 1161

1980 92.4 789 : 13.6 7.1 100 452 209 1.46 : : 4.52 1.04 176.1 77.2 8.3 : : 33.7 : 2038

1985 127.7 984 : 25.9 19.4 184 758 443 2.84 : : 6.97 1.26 216.8 104.3 23.1 : : 58.3 : 3029

1990 171.0 1307 : 37.9 45.5 328 1054 727 4.90 0.11 0.04 10.96 1.95 263.0 137.5 56.4 0.87 9.5 91.0 : 4436

1991 1416 4735

1991 179.2 1580 : 39.3 56.2 359 1092 794 5.13 0.25 0.13 12.12 2.14 277.9 147.5 64.6 1.55 10.9 87.0 : 48921992 188.1 1695 : 41.8 65.0 387 1131 836 5.95 1.75 1.03 12.80 2.32 289.6 155.8 72.7 4.51 11.3 84.9 : 51551993 193.8 1749 1.47 45.1 73.2 401 1142 862 6.30 2.56 3.52 14.14 2.50 298.0 160.9 76.0 6.36 14.0 85.7 5253 52151994 204.2 1830 2.02 48.5 83.0 426 1180 912 7.02 3.56 5.13 15.20 2.73 313.1 169.0 82.4 8.22 16.9 90.8 5481 54361995 211.6 1899 2.78 54.8 93.1 459 1218 985 7.68 4.06 7.76 15.78 3.04 329.5 176.6 89.0 10.52 19.7 98.6 5745 56911996 215.9 1926 3.65 60.2 103.0 488 1252 1043 7.98 4.68 9.71 16.71 3.20 344.6 182.5 94.4 12.13 22.0 102.1 5990 59301997 226.0 1967 4.49 69.4 114.7 518 1293 1090 8.37 5.39 11.72 17.50 3.40 369.0 188.7 102.4 13.83 24.4 110.7 6136 60671998 234.5 2018 5.05 80.3 125.3 554 1352 1135 9.06 6.02 13.02 18.18 3.60 394.3 196.3 111.4 15.34 26.7 120.4 6382 63081999 244.2 2065 5.38 92.6 133.8 594 1401 1172 9.73 6.27 12.71 20.87 3.80 419.5 203.9 119.6 17.21 28.5 126.9 6677 66002000 258.2 2116 6.17 108.4 141.2 646 1479 1239 10.59 6.85 13.37 23.08 4.14 452.0 213.6 128.5 18.90 31.6 136.3 7030 6944

2001 265.8 2180 6.98 122.0 152.2 700 1538 1299 11.42 7.46 14.19 23.77 4.26 481.9 220.5 135.8 21.15 34.3 144.4 7356 72632002 275.1 2209 7.77 136.0 163.5 749 1588 1346 11.88 8.40 15.20 25.09 4.51 501.1 226.7 142.6 23.62 37.3 148.3 7612 75112003 282.6 2220 8.71 145.6 178.9 803 1631 1391 12.85 9.55 16.67 26.19 4.76 512.8 231.9 146.2 25.67 41.4 151.6 7831 77212004 298.7 2271 9.71 156.1 193.7 861 1704 1448 13.86 11.05 18.24 27.94 4.85 529.3 242.3 152.4 27.67 46.1 158.5 8164 80432005 311.5 2301 11.26 170.2 199.2 931 1766 1490 14.82 13.60 21.00 30.03 5.15 550.9 254.1 158.7 29.23 50.4 164.4 8461 83262006 326.7 2393 13.52 185.0 217.9 1008 1848 1548 16.00 17.10 24.08 33.81 5.39 584.5 267.8 166.2 31.56 56.3 172.6 8906 87522007 344.7 2513 16.25 197.2 232.7 1081 1941 1610 17.51 22.59 29.04 37.18 5.76 619.2 284.0 175.5 35.15 63.1 186.6 9405 92222008 354.1 2562 16.52 187.8 242.0 1116 1992 1632 19.01 24.35 32.70 38.13 6.13 647.2 293.8 178.9 37.95 68.5 193.7 9641 94382009 348.8 2460 14.15 170.1 237.5 1079 1936 1573 18.67 18.83 26.93 36.98 6.14 624.8 288.0 175.4 36.17 64.0 181.0 9296 91112010 365.1 2580 14.72 167.7 226.0 1081 1995 1605 19.30 17.94 28.03 40.18 6.60 639.2 295.9 179.9 36.25 67.6 187.1 9552 9362

2011 379.1 2703 16.67 171.1 207.0 1070 2058 1637 19.73 20.30 31.28 43.16 6.83 650.4 310.1 176.2 36.90 70.6 196.9 9806 96032012 387.5 2758 17.93 175.2 191.2 1040 2089 1613 19.49 21.89 33.35 44.11 7.17 653.0 318.7 168.4 36.08 72.7 199.8 9847 96382013 392.3 2826 18.93 179.9 180.7 1026 2117 1605 18.14 22.79 34.96 46.50 7.65 660.5 323.9 170.3 36.24 74.2 203.3 9944 97312014 400.1 2939 20.06 195.3 178.7 1038 2150 1622 17.61 23.62 36.57 49.82 8.50 671.6 333.1 173.1 37.60 76.1 205.5 10175 99552015 411.0 3049 20.65 262.5 177.3 1081 2198 1652 17.75 24.32 37.43 51.58 9.65 690.0 344.3 179.8 38.86 79.1 210.0 10535 103072016 424.7 3160 21.68 273.2 176.5 1119 2229 1690 18.49 25.04 38.85 53.30 10.34 708.3 356.2 186.5 40.36 81.2 216.1 10828 105922017 439.1 3277 23.62 294.1 180.2 1166 2292 1727 19.65 27.03 42.19 55.30 11.31 737.0 369.9 194.6 43.00 84.9 223.9 11209 109572018 450.6 3386 25.66 318.5 184.7 1208 2350 1757 20.73 29.52 45.13 58.87 12.32 773.4 386.1 201.6 45.95 90.2 233.6 11578 113082019 463.1 3476 27.24 336.0 190.9 1253 2413 1770 21.62 31.26 47.77 61.42 13.29 804.5 399.9 207.8 48.50 96.1 240.9 11902 116162020 476.0 3603 28.63 353.9 197.5 1298 2480 1801 22.48 32.78 50.23 64.07 14.23 830.9 414.0 214.8 51.29 101.8 248.3 12283 11981

1) 1960-91 D_W 2) 1960-1998 ECU; ; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-1998 ECU; Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

17

Output


(National currency)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3) Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd Mrd BGN CZK DKK HRK HUF PLN RON SEK EUR GBP EUR EUR ALL EUR MKD RSD TRY JPY USD

1960 : : 44 : : : : 80 : 26 : 316.0 : : : : 0 16621 542

1965 : : 75 : : : : 126 : 37 : 496.0 : : : : 0 34121 742

1970 : : 128 : 346 : : 191 : 56 : 786.0 : : : : 0 76145 1073

1975 : : 233 : 502 : : 335 : 115 : 1465 : : : : 0 153990 1685

1980 : : 401 : 749 0 0 584 : 260 : 2623 : : : : 0 249345 2857

1985 : : 664 : 1075 1 0 960 : 414 : 3963 : : : : 0 334121 4339

1990 0.10 674 856 0.3 2172 63 0 1515 : 667 : 5681 : : 0.5 : 1 454645 5963

1991 6069

1991 0.20 870 891 0.4 2597 90 0 1624 : 704 : 6225 : : 1.0 : 1 481999 61581992 0.30 976 923 2.5 3059 129 1 1627 : 728 : 6476 : : 12.4 : 2 493665 65201993 0.40 1201 928 37.1 3688 174 2 1636 5752 766 6735 6499 : : 62.2 : 3 496672 68591994 0.80 1370 993 89.5 4537 252 5 1746 6024 806 7064 6797 : : 154.0 : 5 501538 72871995 1.30 1586 1036 117.1 5836 345 8 1886 6338 847 7360 7055 : : 178.3 59 11 512542 76401996 2.20 1818 1088 128.6 7122 431 11 1934 6638 903 7748 7416 334 : 185.6 112 20 525807 80731997 18.90 1959 1146 146.7 8833 522 26 2022 6822 949 8192 7825 331 : 195.7 143 40 534143 85781998 26.30 2146 1186 161.8 10456 606 37 2124 7109 991 8575 8170 385 : 205.1 183 72 527877 90631999 24.90 2242 1242 166.3 11661 673 55 2241 7433 1031 8998 8586 444 : 219.8 215 107 519652 96312000 27.90 2379 1327 180.2 13350 747 81 2384 7874 1089 9661 9191 501 1.076 248.6 413 171 526706 10252

2001 30.8 2568 1372 194.2 15419 780 117 2482 8243 1129 10059 9531 563 1.308 252.4 821 245 523005 105822002 33.8 2682 1410 211.5 17462 811 152 2574 8546 1183 10427 9863 610 1.373 258.6 1038 359 515986 109362003 36.4 2810 1437 232.4 19139 846 192 2681 8774 1252 10583 10017 678 1.525 268.7 1220 468 515401 114582004 40.9 3062 1506 250.6 21099 933 245 2808 9175 1313 11110 10488 738 1.686 280.8 1451 577 520965 122142005 46.7 3265 1586 269.8 22560 990 287 2911 9573 1389 11604 10883 804 1.832 308.4 1847 674 524133 130372006 53.2 3513 1682 294.2 24257 1070 343 3103 10122 1466 12272 11463 873 2.170 334.8 2181 789 526880 138152007 63.5 3840 1739 322.5 25680 1188 426 3301 10753 1541 13006 12065 966 2.689 372.9 2523 880 531688 144522008 72.8 4024 1801 347.7 27194 1286 540 3392 11103 1580 13087 12016 1081 3.103 414.9 2908 995 520716 147132009 73.0 3930 1722 331.4 26425 1372 531 3292 10605 1537 12331 11378 1144 2.994 414.6 3052 999 489501 144492010 74.8 3962 1811 329.1 27225 1445 528 3524 10991 1587 12842 11825 1240 3.125 437.3 3251 1160 500354 14992

2011 80.8 4034 1847 333.5 28305 1567 559 3661 11323 1645 13217 12152 1301 3.265 464.2 3612 1394 491409 155432012 82.0 4060 1895 330.8 28781 1629 594 3689 11395 1694 13484 12406 1333 3.181 466.7 3810 1570 494957 161972013 81.9 4098 1930 331.8 30248 1657 635 3774 11523 1761 13597 12500 1350 3.362 501.9 4121 1810 503176 167852014 83.8 4314 1981 331.6 32583 1720 669 3941 11784 1844 14072 12942 1395 3.458 527.6 4161 2044 513876 175222015 88.6 4596 2036 339.6 34379 1800 713 4202 12217 1896 14829 13641 1434 3.655 559.0 4312 2339 531320 182192016 94.1 4768 2100 351.3 35474 1861 765 4385 12555 1970 14958 13740 1472 3.954 594.8 4521 2609 535986 187072017 101.0 5047 2178 365.6 38355 1989 857 4579 13048 2050 15386 14063 1551 4.299 616.6 4754 3107 545122 194852018 107.9 5304 2218 381.8 42073 2116 944 4791 13487 2118 15881 14467 1626 4.619 660.3 5060 3701 548904 204942019 114.5 5557 2293 397.7 45392 2243 1026 4963 13894 2185 16425 14930 1724 4.845 696.5 5374 4126 555512 213862020 121.0 5803 2372 414.1 48241 2379 1097 5141 14373 2258 16997 15416 1824 5.099 730.8 5751 4750 561128 22195

1) 1960-1998 ECU; EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-1998 ECU; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-1998 ECU; Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

18

Output


(Mrd EUR 1))


1960 11.5 71 : 1.9 4.1 12 59 37 0.27 : : 0.68 0.14 12.6 6.3 3.3 : : 5.0 : 225

1965 16.9 112 : 2.9 7.2 24 95 64 0.40 : : 0.90 0.16 21.2 9.4 4.9 : : 8.1 : 366

1970 26.8 189 : 4.3 12.9 40 145 110 0.60 : : 1.48 0.25 37.3 15.0 8.1 : : 11.1 : 602

1975 53.5 353 : 7.7 22.9 94 291 182 0.63 : : 2.61 0.40 80.9 32.4 16.8 : : 23.8 : 1161

1980 91.8 611 : 15.8 40.8 167 505 340 1.84 : : 4.49 0.99 140.6 59.1 23.8 : : 38.7 : 2038

1985 114.7 865 : 28.5 62.5 237 731 592 3.07 : : 6.26 1.31 190.3 91.8 35.6 : : 73.8 : 3029

1990 162.6 1245 : 38.9 77.0 421 1000 925 4.93 : : 10.42 2.07 250.7 131.1 62.4 : : 111.5 : 4436

1991 1350 4735

1991 171.2 1507 : 40.3 85.1 466 1027 1003 5.23 : : 11.58 2.30 265.0 140.6 72.5 10.04 : 103.4 : 48921992 182.5 1641 : 43.3 89.7 486 1083 1015 5.96 1.37 1.67 12.42 2.41 280.6 150.8 83.4 10.28 : 86.9 : 51551993 193.1 1766 1.49 44.4 92.9 447 1129 906 6.32 2.26 2.39 14.09 2.40 301.9 162.5 80.9 11.51 11.7 76.1 5253 52151994 207.7 1860 2.06 48.2 98.2 446 1176 922 7.04 3.77 3.75 15.46 2.61 319.7 171.7 83.9 12.89 13.4 87.2 5481 54361995 221.4 1982 2.90 52.9 104.7 469 1225 895 7.60 4.14 5.12 16.51 2.83 346.0 184.4 91.0 16.28 15.3 102.7 5745 56911996 221.7 1973 3.74 59.8 114.9 505 1265 1031 7.89 4.70 6.60 17.16 3.00 354.9 187.0 96.6 16.92 17.0 104.1 5990 59301997 224.9 1959 4.48 73.1 126.4 520 1282 1094 8.41 5.75 8.92 17.41 3.33 367.9 187.9 103.3 18.31 19.3 112.0 6136 60671998 232.9 2005 5.02 80.5 129.1 551 1343 1131 9.15 6.41 10.03 18.06 3.55 391.5 195.0 110.7 19.77 20.3 119.6 6382 63081999 244.2 2065 5.38 92.6 139.9 594 1401 1172 9.84 7.05 10.29 20.87 3.84 419.5 203.9 119.6 21.21 19.5 126.9 6677 66002000 258.2 2116 6.17 108.4 143.0 646 1479 1239 10.80 8.61 12.49 23.08 4.39 452.0 213.6 128.5 21.92 22.3 136.3 7030 6944

2001 265.8 2180 6.98 122.0 152.2 700 1538 1299 11.60 9.36 13.68 23.77 4.54 481.9 220.5 135.8 23.25 23.9 144.4 7356 72632002 275.1 2209 7.77 136.0 163.5 749 1588 1346 12.08 10.16 15.17 25.09 4.74 501.1 226.7 142.6 25.05 26.3 148.3 7612 75112003 282.6 2220 8.71 145.6 178.9 803 1631 1391 12.87 10.48 16.67 26.19 4.79 512.8 231.9 146.2 26.30 30.1 151.6 7831 77212004 298.7 2271 9.71 156.1 193.7 861 1704 1448 13.94 11.67 18.24 27.94 4.87 529.3 242.3 152.4 27.74 34.7 158.5 8164 80432005 311.5 2301 11.26 170.2 199.2 931 1766 1490 15.04 13.73 21.00 30.03 5.14 550.9 254.1 158.7 29.24 39.3 164.4 8461 83262006 326.7 2393 13.52 185.0 217.9 1008 1848 1548 16.26 17.26 24.08 33.81 5.39 584.5 267.8 166.2 31.56 45.5 172.6 8906 87522007 344.7 2513 16.25 197.2 232.7 1081 1941 1610 17.59 22.68 29.04 37.18 5.76 619.2 284.0 175.5 35.15 56.2 186.6 9405 92222008 354.1 2562 16.52 187.8 242.0 1116 1992 1632 19.01 24.36 32.70 38.13 6.13 647.2 293.8 178.9 37.95 66.0 193.7 9641 94382009 348.8 2460 14.15 170.1 237.5 1079 1936 1573 18.67 18.75 26.93 36.98 6.14 624.8 288.0 175.4 36.17 64.0 181.0 9296 91112010 365.1 2580 14.72 167.7 226.0 1081 1995 1605 19.30 17.79 28.03 40.18 6.60 639.2 295.9 179.9 36.25 67.6 187.1 9552 9362

2011 379.1 2703 16.67 171.1 207.0 1070 2058 1637 19.73 20.20 31.28 43.16 6.83 650.4 310.1 176.2 36.90 70.6 196.9 9806 96032012 387.5 2758 17.93 175.2 191.2 1040 2089 1613 19.49 22.06 33.35 44.11 7.17 653.0 318.7 168.4 36.08 72.7 199.8 9847 96382013 392.3 2826 18.93 179.9 180.7 1026 2117 1605 18.14 22.83 34.96 46.50 7.65 660.5 323.9 170.3 36.24 74.2 203.3 9944 97312014 400.1 2939 20.06 195.3 178.7 1038 2150 1622 17.61 23.62 36.57 49.82 8.50 671.6 333.1 173.1 37.60 76.1 205.5 10175 99552015 411.0 3049 20.65 262.5 177.3 1081 2198 1652 17.75 24.32 37.43 51.58 9.65 690.0 344.3 179.8 38.86 79.1 210.0 10535 103072016 424.7 3160 21.68 273.2 176.5 1119 2229 1690 18.49 25.04 38.85 53.30 10.34 708.3 356.2 186.5 40.36 81.2 216.1 10828 105922017 439.1 3277 23.62 294.1 180.2 1166 2292 1727 19.65 27.03 42.19 55.30 11.31 737.0 369.9 194.6 43.00 84.9 223.9 11209 109572018 450.6 3386 25.66 318.5 184.7 1208 2350 1757 20.73 29.52 45.13 58.87 12.32 773.4 386.1 201.6 45.95 90.2 233.6 11578 113082019 463.1 3476 27.24 336.0 190.9 1253 2413 1770 21.62 31.26 47.77 61.42 13.29 804.5 399.9 207.8 48.50 96.1 240.9 11902 116162020 476.0 3603 28.63 353.9 197.5 1298 2480 1801 22.48 32.78 50.23 64.07 14.23 830.9 414.0 214.8 51.29 101.8 248.3 12283 11981

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

19

Output


(Mrd EUR 1))


1960 : : 6.0 : : : : 14.7 : 70 : 316 : : : : 9.6 44 514

1965 : : 10.2 : : : : 22.7 : 97 : 496 : : : : 15.4 89 694

1970 : : 16.7 : : : : 36.2 : 132 : 786 : : : : 24.7 207 1050

1975 : : 32.7 : : : : 65.1 : 206 : 1465 : : : : 51.8 427 1358

1980 : : 51.2 : 17.6 42.8 27.6 99.4 : 434 : 2623 : : : : 72.3 791 2052

1985 : : 82.8 : 48.2 167.1 113.5 147.2 : 703 : 3963 : : : : 104.2 1850 5686

1990 14.50 25.0 108.9 : 16.6 32.0 19.6 201.4 : 935 : 5681 : : : : 162.5 2475 4683

1991 6069

1991 5.79 25.1 112.6 : 18.3 44.9 16.0 217.2 : 1004 : 6225 : : : : 168.3 2895 49701992 5.68 26.5 118.2 : 17.7 43.2 9.4 216.0 : 987 : 6476 : : : : 168.5 3006 50231993 13.36 35.2 122.3 8.86 34.3 82.1 23.9 179.4 5752 983 6735 6499 : : : : 211.8 3816 58571994 11.79 40.1 131.7 12.55 36.3 93.2 26.6 190.6 6024 1039 7064 6797 : : 3.00 : 149.9 4134 61261995 14.43 45.7 141.4 17.12 35.5 108.7 28.6 202.1 6338 1021 7360 7055 : : 3.60 : 178.4 4167 58411996 9.63 52.8 147.8 18.65 36.8 126.0 29.0 227.2 6638 1110 7748 7416 2.52 : 3.66 : 197.0 3808 63581997 9.92 54.5 153.2 21.02 41.7 140.4 31.4 233.7 6822 1371 8192 7825 1.96 : 3.45 21.30 231.0 3897 75641998 13.36 59.5 158.1 22.70 43.5 154.7 37.1 238.3 7109 1465 8575 8170 2.28 : 3.36 16.33 244.8 3605 80841999 12.71 60.8 167.0 21.93 46.1 159.3 33.7 254.4 7433 1565 8998 8586 3.02 : 3.63 17.28 239.6 4283 90362000 14.34 66.8 178.0 23.57 51.3 186.4 40.6 282.2 7874 1787 9661 9191 3.78 1.076 4.09 7.10 296.9 5295 11100

2001 15.78 75.4 184.0 25.96 60.1 212.4 45.1 268.2 8243 1816 10059 9531 4.37 1.308 4.14 13.71 222.6 4812 118152002 17.34 87.1 189.8 28.53 71.9 210.1 48.7 281.0 8546 1881 10427 9863 4.61 1.373 4.24 17.11 249.6 4370 115662003 18.65 88.2 193.4 30.71 75.5 192.3 51.1 293.8 8774 1809 10583 10017 4.93 1.525 4.39 18.73 276.1 3935 101302004 20.93 96.0 202.4 33.42 83.8 206.1 60.4 307.8 9175 1934 11110 10488 5.78 1.686 4.58 19.96 324.7 3875 98192005 23.85 109.6 212.8 36.45 90.9 246.2 79.2 313.6 9573 2031 11604 10883 6.48 1.832 5.03 22.25 401.7 3830 104792006 27.21 123.9 225.5 40.16 91.8 274.6 97.2 335.3 10122 2150 12272 11463 7.09 2.170 5.47 25.93 436.3 3608 110022007 32.45 138.3 233.4 43.95 102.2 313.9 127.6 356.9 10753 2252 13006 12065 7.81 2.689 6.09 31.56 492.8 3297 105452008 37.20 161.3 241.6 48.14 108.1 366.2 146.6 352.7 11103 1984 13087 12016 8.80 3.103 6.77 35.71 521.8 3416 100042009 37.32 148.7 231.3 45.15 94.3 317.1 125.2 310.0 10605 1725 12331 11378 8.66 2.994 6.77 32.49 461.9 3756 103592010 38.23 156.7 243.2 45.16 98.8 361.8 125.4 369.5 10991 1851 12842 11825 9.00 3.125 7.11 31.55 581.0 4305 11309

2011 41.29 164.0 247.9 44.83 101.3 380.2 131.9 405.4 11323 1895 13217 12152 9.27 3.265 7.54 35.43 596.5 4429 111662012 41.95 161.4 254.6 43.98 99.5 389.4 133.1 423.8 11395 2090 13484 12406 9.59 3.181 7.58 33.71 678.5 4829 126072013 41.86 157.7 258.7 43.78 101.9 394.7 143.8 436.2 11523 2074 13597 12500 9.62 3.362 8.15 36.44 714.3 3881 126382014 42.82 156.7 265.8 43.43 105.5 411.2 150.5 433.1 11784 2288 14072 12942 9.97 3.458 8.56 35.48 703.4 3663 131892015 45.29 168.5 273.0 44.61 110.9 430.3 160.3 449.2 12217 2612 14829 13641 10.27 3.655 9.07 35.71 773.0 3956 164212016 48.13 176.4 282.1 46.64 113.9 426.5 170.4 463.1 12555 2403 14958 13740 10.72 3.954 9.66 36.73 780.2 4459 169002017 51.66 191.7 292.8 48.99 124.0 467.3 187.5 475.2 13048 2338 15386 14063 11.57 4.299 10.01 39.16 753.9 4302 172492018 55.18 206.8 297.6 51.47 131.9 496.5 202.9 467.0 13487 2394 15881 14467 12.75 4.619 10.73 42.78 648.4 4210 173542019 58.53 216.6 307.1 53.53 141.7 523.0 215.9 475.7 13894 2531 16425 14930 13.83 4.845 11.32 45.52 649.4 4423 189432020 61.88 226.3 317.7 55.72 150.3 555.3 230.6 492.5 14373 2624 16997 15416 14.63 5.099 11.88 48.75 738.5 4462 19697

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

20

Output


(Mrd PPS)


1960 9.8 77 : 2.0 5.1 20 46 46 : : : 0.57 : 14.9 7.6 4.1 : : 4.0 : 237

1965 15.2 118 : 3.0 9.6 36 75 76 : : : 0.84 : 23.1 11.3 6.9 : : 6.2 : 382

1970 24.0 180 : 4.7 17.6 61 123 132 : : : 1.23 : 37.4 18.3 11.0 : : 9.8 : 620

1975 45.6 324 : 9.5 35.9 126 237 242 : : : 2.27 : 70.3 35.4 21.9 : : 19.6 : 1170

1980 81.9 587 : 18.2 67.7 212 429 453 : : : 3.89 : 122.8 63.9 43.5 : : 35.5 : 2119

1985 119.9 878 : 28.8 95.2 317 649 681 : : : 6.16 : 181.3 96.0 64.4 : : 57.1 : 3173

1990 169.8 1256 : 43.8 123.1 481 932 960 6.90 20.68 29.83 10.73 : 259.9 135.6 105.6 22.35 : 82.2 : 4559

1991 1383 4901

1991 181.2 1543 : 46.7 132.9 517 987 1020 7.28 18.94 29.48 12.22 3.60 279.0 146.9 114.3 21.33 : 81.0 : 50611992 189.0 1616 : 49.7 137.6 536 1030 1056 8.21 13.22 23.86 12.79 3.87 291.6 154.2 121.2 20.72 33.4 80.5 : 52751993 188.3 1610 7.65 51.3 136.2 534 1030 1053 8.32 11.78 20.10 13.40 4.07 297.1 155.9 121.1 21.44 35.9 80.4 5380 52711994 197.9 1680 7.66 55.2 141.4 556 1073 1095 8.97 12.26 18.47 14.17 4.38 311.4 162.5 125.1 22.99 38.9 85.1 5610 54971995 192.4 1622 7.60 57.6 137.1 543 1040 1067 9.36 11.53 18.11 13.64 4.41 304.8 158.4 121.5 22.72 39.1 84.1 5454 53411996 198.2 1684 8.24 63.5 145.9 575 1087 1114 9.75 12.14 19.59 14.60 4.72 324.2 166.5 127.9 24.20 42.9 87.6 5710 55881997 210.3 1745 9.48 71.8 157.9 618 1151 1170 10.30 13.62 21.82 15.52 5.10 350.6 174.9 137.8 26.18 46.8 96.6 6033 59001998 216.7 1801 10.03 80.4 167.1 662 1215 1227 11.01 14.75 23.82 16.30 5.36 376.3 184.0 146.6 27.48 49.5 105.0 6340 61981999 228.8 1888 10.15 88.4 173.4 701 1283 1268 11.78 15.44 24.05 19.01 5.69 403.7 192.5 158.0 29.53 50.4 111.6 6662 65152000 251.4 1967 11.53 100.6 184.8 766 1393 1349 12.95 16.64 25.94 21.16 6.25 444.8 206.3 170.3 31.46 53.6 121.3 7133 6974

2001 258.6 2036 12.42 109.2 197.7 813 1465 1382 13.93 18.33 28.48 21.43 6.28 462.4 207.5 175.8 32.78 57.8 125.1 7423 72532002 270.5 2078 13.73 118.9 211.8 867 1514 1404 14.36 19.98 31.04 22.52 6.66 477.8 216.4 182.3 34.79 61.4 127.6 7673 74912003 273.5 2100 15.20 122.9 221.4 897 1486 1414 14.78 21.41 34.97 23.01 7.03 469.7 221.3 185.0 35.79 64.5 128.2 7737 75432004 284.3 2194 16.63 133.2 235.9 951 1541 1438 15.97 23.40 37.25 24.83 7.25 493.0 233.4 190.6 38.50 69.1 137.7 8065 78572005 296.9 2241 19.02 143.0 238.9 1028 1638 1481 17.43 26.35 41.02 26.97 7.64 521.9 244.9 203.0 40.72 75.9 142.7 8434 82062006 309.0 2335 21.47 156.4 260.2 1133 1708 1556 18.64 28.93 44.63 30.50 7.79 554.5 257.6 214.8 42.81 83.9 149.8 8914 86652007 323.0 2472 24.27 169.6 266.8 1215 1799 1638 20.77 32.88 50.86 33.23 8.35 592.8 269.4 223.4 45.92 93.8 164.4 9443 91662008 322.7 2468 23.95 157.1 270.1 1215 1785 1646 21.65 33.44 52.43 33.48 8.47 603.3 271.7 222.2 47.32 100.7 167.8 9450 91622009 312.1 2307 20.81 143.6 256.5 1142 1707 1551 20.83 27.48 43.65 31.15 8.20 560.3 259.7 212.7 42.62 94.5 153.6 8895 86372010 334.0 2452 21.99 151.1 239.6 1138 1787 1588 21.09 28.19 47.62 33.21 8.82 572.7 268.9 221.0 43.49 103.0 159.0 9219 8944

2011 343.8 2586 24.58 155.3 219.0 1131 1846 1628 21.31 30.73 52.21 35.98 8.98 586.9 281.4 213.3 44.61 105.2 165.4 9479 91912012 356.2 2648 26.01 160.9 211.1 1131 1870 1631 20.84 32.68 55.68 36.76 9.35 598.6 296.0 210.2 44.93 108.9 166.2 9613 93152013 357.5 2680 26.62 162.9 210.2 1117 1916 1599 19.39 33.53 57.93 38.16 9.73 607.9 298.5 214.3 45.09 110.9 165.0 9669 93662014 368.5 2817 28.07 175.8 215.5 1155 1962 1616 19.10 34.99 60.90 41.54 10.69 612.0 307.4 220.4 46.88 115.5 167.0 9975 96592015 386.1 2945 28.87 243.6 218.7 1222 2043 1681 20.11 36.74 63.10 43.99 12.09 640.3 323.9 231.0 49.07 121.0 173.8 10484 101532016 389.3 2991 29.58 245.4 213.8 1242 2040 1722 20.87 36.84 63.23 44.49 12.70 636.1 328.3 233.2 49.85 122.1 174.8 10595 102602017 396.8 3068 31.11 260.7 217.0 1284 2086 1752 21.94 38.90 66.41 45.33 13.73 658.3 334.7 236.8 52.75 124.3 180.2 10870 105212018 406.8 3146 32.67 281.1 223.6 1332 2142 1786 23.04 41.19 69.45 47.01 14.79 683.3 347.6 244.5 55.72 130.8 186.4 11194 108272019 419.6 3223 34.21 297.2 233.0 1385 2212 1822 24.20 43.29 72.70 49.11 15.89 707.5 359.5 253.2 58.54 138.4 193.1 11542 111552020 432.0 3330 35.63 312.5 242.2 1436 2284 1866 25.29 45.29 75.76 51.25 16.94 731.5 371.7 262.1 61.22 145.5 198.7 11924 11518


21

Output


(Mrd PPS)


1960 : : 5.5 : : : : 10.4 : 62 : 316 : : : : 15 54 298

1965 : : 8.7 : : : : 16.3 : 89 : 496 : : : : 23 102 465

1970 : : 13.4 : : : : 24.8 : 128 : 786 : : : : 40 216 687

1975 : : 23.3 : : : : 45.1 : 227 : 1465 : : : : 85 430 1251

1980 : : 40.7 : : : : 74.6 : 388 : 2623 : : : : 147 818 2301

1985 : : 65.1 : : : : 114.2 : 610 : 3963 : : : : 260 1408 3780

1990 : 117.7 85.0 : : 213.7 110.3 156.4 : 880 : 5681 : : 10.04 : 414 2185 5415

1991 6065

1991 56.90 111.4 90.3 : 78.6 208.2 100.4 162.0 : 912 : 6225 : : 9.87 : 438 2365 56671992 54.20 111.9 94.7 : 79.1 219.4 94.2 164.5 : 941 : 6476 : : 9.48 : 477 2451 60301993 53.70 114.0 95.2 : 79.1 228.9 96.2 162.1 : 971 : 6499 : : 8.82 : 518 2470 62331994 55.70 118.8 102.1 : 82.9 245.4 101.8 171.8 : 1027 : 6797 : : 8.82 : 499 2536 66011995 54.40 119.6 99.9 30.92 79.8 249.1 103.6 169.6 6361 999 7360 6609 : : 8.28 : 508 2473 64341996 48.30 128.3 106.4 33.69 82.1 271.8 110.7 178.2 6669 1079 7748 6952 : : 8.64 : 559 2629 68831997 40.90 131.0 113.7 36.99 87.3 297.7 108.3 187.1 7036 1156 8192 7357 7.39 : 9.01 : 619 2737 74051998 43.80 132.7 118.4 38.27 92.4 316.6 107.9 195.5 7386 1189 8575 7701 8.17 : 9.46 : 482 2740 78351999 41.30 137.5 123.7 38.72 97.3 338.0 109.7 210.0 7759 1239 8998 8088 9.42 : 10.07 : 476 2798 84022000 45.70 145.5 134.1 41.70 106.3 357.1 115.0 228.0 8306 1355 9661 8691 10.45 3.213 10.93 37.72 531 2983 8984

2001 48.00 155.7 137.0 43.54 117.0 368.6 125.3 229.2 8647 1412 10059 9031 11.43 3.606 10.69 39.98 514 3033 91872002 52.00 159.3 141.5 46.83 127.0 386.9 133.7 234.9 8955 1473 10427 9340 12.22 3.755 11.10 43.79 522 3083 93942003 55.00 168.0 140.8 49.46 133.0 397.4 138.3 239.6 9058 1525 10583 9448 12.88 3.846 11.33 45.69 539 3135 97232004 59.60 179.5 150.5 52.86 139.0 431.1 163.1 255.5 9496 1614 11110 9877 13.89 4.106 12.33 50.94 616 3282 103372005 66.50 190.6 157.3 56.02 146.5 450.8 174.0 261.0 9936 1668 11604 10292 15.01 4.382 13.59 58.07 686 3439 110812006 71.20 201.5 167.9 62.15 152.6 478.1 202.6 281.6 10531 1741 12272 10856 16.25 5.320 14.66 62.58 775 3503 114372007 79.60 221.8 175.4 68.70 157.7 527.5 235.6 306.4 11216 1790 13006 11438 17.81 6.319 15.74 68.31 852 3640 119132008 84.80 228.5 179.2 70.97 164.0 551.7 272.4 305.3 11307 1779 13087 11426 19.16 6.736 17.02 73.37 893 3522 116272009 80.10 219.2 169.4 65.60 157.4 558.4 257.7 280.7 10684 1647 12331 10734 19.63 6.125 17.17 69.80 840 3233 109892010 84.50 221.8 182.6 65.02 164.8 612.8 262.9 298.8 11112 1730 12842 11156 21.46 6.463 17.87 71.41 965 3429 11473

2011 86.90 228.0 186.6 67.04 171.8 656.2 272.2 312.3 11460 1757 13217 11448 22.37 6.770 18.15 75.03 1089 3450 117262012 89.50 230.7 189.3 68.24 173.1 685.6 287.0 322.1 11659 1825 13484 11652 23.07 6.503 18.56 75.81 1163 3587 122412013 88.40 235.5 192.7 68.18 177.8 690.8 290.6 322.5 11736 1861 13597 11742 22.48 6.786 19.30 76.99 1242 3649 123312014 93.40 250.3 199.3 68.97 185.6 717.6 302.7 332.9 12126 1946 14072 12137 23.98 7.045 20.47 77.05 1364 3676 129162015 98.10 267.0 209.5 72.67 194.9 766.5 322.1 356.6 12771 2057 14829 12776 25.24 7.637 21.61 79.55 1512 3859 136902016 101.10 270.8 211.3 74.48 191.7 766.2 342.1 354.3 12907 2051 14958 12877 24.83 8.089 22.42 80.19 1519 3799 136102017 104.70 284.4 221.3 76.58 199.0 802.6 367.8 365.1 13292 2094 15386 13201 26.23 8.506 22.49 81.47 1597 3756 137592018 109.10 295.8 226.8 79.45 211.1 853.1 387.1 377.7 13734 2146 15881 13578 27.60 9.016 23.34 85.90 1655 3827 143062019 114.80 309.2 235.1 83.09 223.2 905.3 407.2 390.1 14210 2215 16425 13995 29.19 9.455 24.50 90.26 1648 3931 149292020 120.70 322.1 243.0 86.63 233.4 954.5 427.1 403.3 14715 2283 16997 14447 30.79 9.918 25.71 95.29 1742 4025 15477


22

Output


(National currency; annual percentage change)


1961-1970 8.5 8.4 : 9.9 11.7 14.3 10.4 11.1 9.5 : : 7.7 7.0 10.5 8.7 9.1 : : 10.9 : 10.0

1971-1980 10.5 8.1 : 19.2 19.9 19.2 13.6 19.1 12.9 : : 9.2 15.3 10.9 10.3 21.4 : : 15.4 : 13.0

1981-1990 6.3 5.2 : 10.8 20.4 12.6 8.8 13.3 12.9 : : 9.3 6.5 4.1 6.0 21.2 : : 10.5 : 8.9

1991 4.8 8.4 : 3.8 23.5 9.7 3.6 9.3 4.7 129.5 209.3 10.6 9.8 5.6 7.2 14.7 77.6 15.0 -4.4 : 7.31992 5.0 7.3 : 6.2 15.6 7.7 3.6 5.3 16.0 600.9 721.3 5.6 8.4 4.2 5.6 12.4 191.3 3.9 -2.4 : 5.91993 3.0 3.1 : 8.0 12.6 3.5 1.0 3.1 5.9 46.0 240.3 10.4 7.5 2.9 3.3 4.6 41.0 23.8 1.1 : 2.91994 5.4 4.7 37.4 7.5 13.4 6.4 3.3 5.8 11.5 39.2 45.9 7.5 9.4 5.1 5.0 8.4 29.1 20.5 5.9 5.2 5.01995 3.6 3.7 37.4 13.0 12.1 7.8 3.3 8.0 9.4 14.0 51.3 3.8 11.4 5.2 4.5 8.1 28.0 16.3 8.6 5.3 5.21996 2.0 1.4 31.3 9.8 10.7 6.2 2.8 5.9 3.9 15.3 25.1 5.9 5.1 4.6 3.4 6.0 15.3 11.5 3.6 3.6 3.51997 4.6 2.1 23.2 15.2 11.3 6.2 3.2 4.5 4.9 15.3 20.7 4.7 6.2 7.1 3.4 8.5 14.0 11.2 8.5 4.2 4.11998 3.8 2.6 12.3 15.8 9.2 6.9 4.6 4.2 8.2 11.6 11.1 3.9 6.0 6.8 4.0 8.8 10.9 9.2 8.7 4.6 4.51999 4.2 2.3 6.5 15.3 6.8 7.3 3.6 3.2 7.4 4.2 -2.4 14.8 5.7 6.4 3.8 7.4 12.2 7.1 5.4 4.0 4.02000 5.7 2.5 14.7 17.0 5.6 8.7 5.5 5.7 8.9 9.2 5.2 10.6 8.8 7.8 4.8 7.4 9.8 10.7 7.4 5.3 5.3

1991-2000 4.2 3.8 : 11.1 12.0 7.0 3.4 5.5 8.0 51.3 78.5 7.7 7.8 5.6 4.5 8.6 36.0 12.8 4.1 : 4.8

2001 2.9 3.0 13.1 12.5 7.7 8.2 4.0 4.8 7.8 8.9 6.2 3.0 3.0 6.6 3.2 5.7 11.9 8.6 6.0 4.7 4.62002 3.5 1.4 11.4 11.5 7.4 7.1 3.2 3.6 4.0 12.6 7.1 5.6 5.8 4.0 2.8 5.0 11.7 8.7 2.7 3.5 3.42003 2.8 0.5 12.0 7.1 9.4 7.2 2.7 3.3 8.2 13.8 9.6 4.4 5.5 2.3 2.3 2.5 8.7 11.1 2.2 2.9 2.82004 5.7 2.3 11.5 7.3 8.3 7.2 4.5 4.1 7.9 15.7 9.4 6.7 2.0 3.2 4.5 4.3 7.8 11.3 4.6 4.3 4.22005 4.3 1.3 16.0 9.0 2.9 8.0 3.6 2.9 7.0 23.1 15.2 7.5 6.1 4.1 4.8 4.1 5.6 9.4 3.7 3.6 3.52006 4.9 4.0 20.1 8.7 9.3 8.3 4.7 3.9 7.9 25.8 14.6 12.6 4.6 6.1 5.4 4.8 8.0 11.6 5.0 5.2 5.12007 5.5 5.0 20.2 6.6 6.8 7.2 5.0 3.9 9.4 32.1 20.6 10.0 6.9 5.9 6.0 5.5 11.4 12.1 8.1 5.5 5.42008 2.7 1.9 1.7 -4.8 4.0 3.3 2.6 1.4 8.5 7.8 12.6 2.6 6.4 4.5 3.4 1.9 8.0 8.6 3.8 2.5 2.32009 -1.5 -4.0 -14.4 -9.4 -1.8 -3.3 -2.8 -3.6 -1.8 -22.7 -17.6 -3.0 0.2 -3.5 -1.9 -1.9 -4.7 -6.5 -6.5 -3.6 -3.52010 4.7 4.9 4.0 -1.4 -4.8 0.2 3.0 2.0 3.4 -4.7 4.1 8.7 7.5 2.3 2.7 2.6 0.2 5.6 3.4 2.8 2.7

2001-2010 3.5 2.0 9.1 4.5 4.8 5.3 3.0 2.6 6.2 10.1 7.7 5.7 4.8 3.5 3.3 3.4 6.7 7.9 3.2 3.1 3.0

2011 3.8 4.8 13.3 2.0 -8.4 -1.0 3.2 2.1 2.2 13.2 11.6 7.4 3.6 1.7 4.8 -2.1 1.8 4.5 5.2 2.7 2.62012 2.2 2.0 7.6 2.4 -7.6 -2.9 1.5 -1.5 -1.2 7.8 6.6 2.2 4.9 0.4 2.7 -4.4 -2.2 2.9 1.5 0.4 0.42013 1.2 2.5 5.6 2.7 -5.5 -1.4 1.4 -0.5 -6.9 4.1 4.8 5.4 6.6 1.1 1.6 1.1 0.5 2.0 1.8 1.0 1.02014 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.5 -1.1 1.2 1.5 1.1 -2.9 3.6 4.6 7.2 11.2 1.7 2.9 1.7 3.8 2.6 1.1 2.3 2.32015 2.7 3.8 2.9 34.4 -0.8 4.2 2.3 1.9 0.8 3.0 2.4 3.5 13.5 2.7 3.3 3.9 3.4 4.0 2.2 3.5 3.52016 3.3 3.6 5.0 4.1 -0.4 3.5 1.4 2.3 4.2 2.9 3.8 3.3 7.2 2.7 3.5 3.7 3.8 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.82017 3.4 3.7 8.9 7.6 2.1 4.3 2.8 2.2 6.3 8.0 8.6 3.7 9.4 4.1 3.8 4.4 6.5 4.5 3.6 3.5 3.42018 2.6 3.3 8.6 8.3 2.5 3.6 2.5 1.7 5.5 9.2 7.0 6.5 8.9 4.9 4.4 3.6 6.9 6.3 4.3 3.3 3.22019 2.8 2.7 6.2 5.5 3.4 3.7 2.7 0.8 4.3 5.9 5.8 4.3 7.8 4.0 3.6 3.1 5.6 6.5 3.1 2.8 2.72020 2.8 3.7 5.1 5.3 3.5 3.6 2.8 1.8 4.0 4.9 5.2 4.3 7.1 3.3 3.5 3.4 5.8 5.9 3.1 3.2 3.1

2011-2020 2.7 3.4 6.9 7.8 -1.3 1.8 2.2 1.2 1.5 6.2 6.0 4.8 8.0 2.7 3.4 1.8 3.5 4.2 2.9 2.5 2.5

1) 1961-91 D_W 2) Weighted in common currency 3) Weighted in common currency; Former Euro area 12; 1961-91 including D_W

23

Output




1961-1970 : : 11.3 : : : : 9.1 : 7.8 : 9.6 : : : : 12.0 16.4 7.1

1971-1980 : : 12.1 : 8.0 : : 11.8 : 16.6 : 13.5 : : : : 38.2 12.6 10.3

1981-1990 : : 7.9 : 11.2 72.9 3.4 10.0 : 9.9 : 9.0 : : : : 54.0 6.2 7.6

1991 199.0 29.0 4.1 43.9 19.6 44.4 156.9 7.2 : 5.4 : 6.9 : : 81.8 : 60.3 6.0 3.31992 48.0 12.3 3.6 521.2 17.8 42.1 173.6 0.2 : 3.4 : 5.2 : : 1182.0 : 73.5 2.4 5.91993 48.8 23.0 0.6 1355.7 20.6 35.5 232.3 0.5 : 5.3 : 3.1 : : 401.7 : 81.3 0.6 5.21994 75.8 14.1 7.0 141.1 23.0 44.5 148.4 6.8 7.0 5.2 6.7 5.2 : : 147.5 : 95.2 1.0 6.21995 67.0 15.8 4.3 30.8 28.6 36.9 44.9 8.0 6.4 5.0 6.2 5.2 : : 15.8 : 100.7 2.2 4.81996 71.0 14.6 5.0 9.9 22.1 25.1 49.6 2.6 4.5 6.7 4.8 4.0 : : 4.1 89.7 90.3 2.6 5.71997 769.9 7.7 5.3 14.1 24.0 21.0 123.9 4.5 6.3 5.0 6.1 4.3 -0.9 : 5.4 26.9 95.2 1.6 6.21998 39.5 9.6 3.5 10.3 18.4 16.2 45.1 5.1 5.2 4.5 5.1 4.5 16.2 : 4.8 28.5 81.1 -1.2 5.71999 -5.5 4.5 4.7 2.8 11.5 11.1 49.0 5.5 4.5 4.0 4.4 4.1 15.3 : 7.2 17.1 49.1 -1.6 6.32000 12.3 6.1 6.9 8.4 14.5 11.0 46.7 6.4 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.4 13.0 : 13.1 92.4 59.3 1.4 6.5

1991-2000 83.2 13.4 4.5 90.6 19.9 28.1 97.3 4.6 : 5.0 : 4.8 : : 84.9 : 77.8 1.5 5.6

2001 10.1 7.9 3.4 7.8 15.5 4.4 45.2 4.1 4.9 3.7 4.7 4.4 12.4 21.5 1.5 98.7 43.8 -0.7 3.22002 9.9 4.4 2.8 8.9 13.2 3.9 29.7 3.7 3.7 4.7 3.9 3.7 8.3 5.0 2.5 26.4 46.4 -1.3 3.42003 7.5 4.8 1.9 9.9 9.6 4.4 26.0 4.2 3.2 5.8 3.7 3.4 11.0 11.0 3.9 17.6 30.2 -0.1 4.82004 12.5 9.0 4.8 7.8 10.2 10.3 27.5 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.3 8.8 10.6 4.5 19.0 23.3 1.1 6.62005 14.1 6.6 5.3 7.7 6.9 6.2 17.2 3.6 3.9 5.8 4.2 4.0 9.0 8.7 9.9 27.2 16.8 0.6 6.72006 14.1 7.6 6.1 9.0 7.5 8.0 19.5 6.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.3 8.5 18.4 8.6 18.1 17.1 0.5 6.02007 19.3 9.3 3.4 9.6 5.9 11.0 24.2 6.4 6.0 5.2 5.8 5.3 10.6 23.9 11.4 15.7 11.6 0.9 4.62008 14.6 4.8 3.6 7.8 5.9 8.3 26.8 2.7 3.1 2.5 3.0 2.4 11.9 15.4 11.3 15.3 13.0 -2.1 1.82009 0.3 -2.3 -4.4 -4.7 -2.8 6.7 -1.7 -2.9 -3.2 -2.7 -3.1 -3.3 5.9 -3.5 -0.1 4.9 0.4 -6.0 -1.82010 2.4 0.8 5.2 -0.7 3.0 5.3 -0.5 7.0 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.0 8.4 4.4 5.5 6.5 16.1 2.2 3.8

2001-2010 10.3 5.2 3.2 6.2 7.4 6.8 20.6 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.2 9.5 11.3 5.8 22.9 21.1 -0.5 3.9

2011 8.0 1.8 2.0 1.3 4.0 8.4 5.9 3.9 2.9 3.6 3.0 2.8 4.9 4.5 6.1 11.1 20.2 -1.8 3.72012 1.6 0.6 2.6 -0.8 1.7 4.0 6.2 0.8 0.7 3.0 1.0 0.8 2.5 -2.6 0.5 5.5 12.6 0.7 4.22013 -0.2 0.9 1.8 0.3 5.1 1.7 7.0 2.3 1.2 4.0 1.6 1.5 1.3 5.7 7.5 8.2 15.3 1.7 3.62014 2.3 5.3 2.7 -0.1 7.7 3.8 5.2 4.4 2.6 4.7 2.9 2.8 3.4 2.8 5.1 1.0 13.0 2.1 4.42015 5.8 6.5 2.8 2.4 5.5 4.6 6.6 6.6 3.8 2.8 3.6 3.5 2.8 5.7 5.9 3.6 14.4 3.4 4.02016 6.3 3.7 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.4 7.4 4.4 3.0 3.9 3.1 3.0 2.7 8.2 6.4 4.9 11.5 0.9 2.72017 7.3 5.9 3.7 4.1 8.1 6.9 12.0 4.4 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.6 5.4 8.7 3.7 5.2 19.1 1.7 4.22018 6.8 5.1 1.8 4.4 9.7 6.4 10.2 4.6 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.2 4.8 7.4 7.1 6.4 19.1 0.7 5.22019 6.1 4.8 3.3 4.2 7.9 6.0 8.7 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.8 6.0 4.9 5.5 6.2 11.5 1.2 4.42020 5.7 4.4 3.5 4.1 6.3 6.1 6.9 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.2 5.8 5.2 4.9 7.0 15.1 1.0 3.8

2011-2020 4.9 3.9 2.7 2.3 5.9 5.1 7.6 3.8 2.8 3.6 2.9 2.7 3.9 5.0 5.3 5.9 15.1 1.2 4.0

1) Weighted in common currency; EU excluding UK 2) Weighted in common currency 3) Weighted in common currency; Former EU-15; 1961-91 including D_W

24

Output

8. Gross domestic product at current market prices per head of population

(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))


1960 119.2 122.0 : 64.0 46.8 37.4 119.9 70.1 44.9 : : 193.5 41.2 104.3 84.9 35.2 : : 107.0 : 90.7

1965 112.9 120.8 : 63.0 53.2 47.4 120.4 77.6 42.6 : : 162.5 30.7 109.0 81.9 34.8 : : 112.3 : 93.8

1970 114.7 128.2 : 60.7 60.3 49.4 115.3 84.5 40.0 : : 170.1 32.0 118.2 83.1 38.5 : : 99.5 : 97.0

1975 124.5 130.3 : 55.5 57.6 60.1 123.0 74.9 28.6 : : 162.8 29.5 135.0 97.4 42.0 : : 114.9 : 100.1

1980 120.7 128.6 : 60.3 54.8 57.7 118.6 78.1 46.9 : : 159.6 39.9 128.7 101.4 31.6 : : 105.0 : 97.8

1985 100.8 122.8 : 69.8 54.5 53.5 111.9 90.7 49.1 : : 148.1 33.2 113.8 105.1 30.8 : : 130.5 : 96.0

1990 100.4 121.2 : 68.3 46.5 66.7 105.6 100.3 52.3 : : 168.0 35.5 103.2 105.1 38.5 : : 137.6 : 98.0

1991 99.1 122.1 : 66.3 47.8 69.2 101.6 102.4 50.9 : : 173.3 36.6 101.9 105.0 42.2 29.1 : 119.4 : 97.8

1991 101.0 111.2 : 67.5 48.7 70.5 103.5 104.3 51.9 : : 176.6 37.3 103.8 107.0 43.0 29.7 : 121.7 : 97.51992 103.5 116.2 : 69.5 49.2 70.8 104.9 101.8 55.6 3.0 2.6 180.4 37.4 105.3 109.6 47.7 29.4 : 98.2 : 98.71993 109.2 124.4 5.6 71.1 50.6 64.7 109.0 91.0 57.6 5.0 3.7 201.9 36.8 112.6 117.2 46.3 33.0 12.6 85.7 95.1 99.51994 112.3 125.3 7.6 73.8 51.1 61.7 108.4 88.7 60.2 8.2 5.6 209.4 38.1 113.7 118.3 45.9 35.4 13.7 93.7 94.9 99.11995 115.4 128.8 10.6 77.7 52.3 62.4 108.7 83.2 61.7 8.8 7.5 213.0 39.6 118.2 122.5 48.0 43.2 15.0 106.2 95.9 100.01996 110.0 122.1 13.2 83.1 54.6 63.8 106.7 91.4 60.1 9.6 9.2 208.6 39.8 115.2 118.4 48.4 42.9 15.9 102.4 95.1 99.11997 105.8 115.0 15.2 95.5 56.7 62.1 102.4 92.0 60.1 11.3 12.0 198.6 41.7 112.8 112.9 48.9 44.1 17.2 104.3 92.4 96.11998 104.9 113.1 16.5 99.6 55.3 63.0 102.6 91.3 61.9 12.2 13.0 195.2 42.4 114.5 112.3 50.1 45.8 17.3 106.7 92.1 95.71999 104.7 111.2 17.1 108.2 57.0 64.5 101.5 90.3 62.8 12.9 12.8 212.1 43.4 116.3 111.8 51.3 46.9 15.8 107.7 91.7 95.32000 103.5 106.8 18.1 117.1 54.4 65.5 99.8 89.4 64.0 14.9 14.7 217.0 46.3 116.6 109.6 51.3 45.3 17.0 108.2 90.2 93.7

2001 102.8 106.4 19.9 125.5 55.7 68.2 99.7 90.7 65.8 15.9 15.7 214.0 45.9 119.4 109.1 52.1 46.4 17.6 110.7 91.0 94.52002 102.8 104.6 21.7 133.6 57.9 69.9 99.3 91.1 65.8 17.0 17.0 217.1 46.2 119.9 108.4 52.9 48.5 18.9 110.2 91.1 94.42003 104.2 104.1 24.2 139.3 62.6 72.8 100.2 92.7 68.5 17.5 18.7 221.5 46.0 120.9 109.2 53.5 50.4 21.4 111.2 92.2 95.52004 105.3 102.4 26.1 141.0 65.0 73.8 99.8 92.0 70.3 18.9 19.8 223.8 44.6 119.4 109.0 53.4 51.0 23.7 111.3 91.9 95.02005 105.9 100.7 29.5 145.7 64.6 75.9 99.6 91.2 72.5 21.8 22.5 229.7 45.4 120.2 110.0 53.8 52.0 26.0 111.6 91.8 94.82006 105.3 100.2 34.0 147.3 67.2 77.2 98.8 90.1 73.6 26.4 25.0 243.0 45.2 121.5 110.1 53.7 53.4 28.7 111.4 91.8 94.72007 105.4 100.8 39.3 145.6 68.4 77.6 98.6 89.0 74.5 33.5 29.2 251.3 46.0 122.8 111.2 54.1 56.6 33.9 114.6 92.2 94.82008 108.5 104.1 40.5 137.0 71.7 79.7 101.6 90.4 79.3 36.7 33.5 255.7 49.1 129.1 115.8 55.6 61.6 40.1 119.6 95.0 97.52009 112.4 106.4 36.9 130.4 74.4 81.0 104.2 91.9 80.4 30.5 29.6 258.3 51.8 131.5 120.2 57.8 61.6 41.1 118.0 96.8 99.42010 112.6 108.0 37.1 123.6 68.3 78.0 103.1 90.1 78.2 28.5 30.4 266.0 53.5 129.3 118.9 57.2 59.5 41.8 117.2 95.8 98.4

2011 113.2 110.5 41.2 122.7 61.2 75.2 103.4 89.5 76.1 32.2 33.9 272.8 53.9 127.9 121.4 54.8 59.0 43.0 119.9 95.9 98.32012 113.0 110.7 43.7 123.0 55.9 71.8 102.7 86.3 72.8 35.0 36.0 267.8 55.1 125.8 122.0 51.7 56.6 43.4 119.1 94.4 96.72013 113.3 112.6 46.1 125.1 52.9 70.7 103.1 85.0 67.6 36.4 38.0 274.0 57.7 126.3 122.8 52.3 56.5 44.0 120.1 94.7 97.02014 111.4 113.0 47.5 130.7 51.1 69.6 101.0 83.1 64.3 36.9 38.8 277.9 60.9 124.0 121.4 51.8 56.8 43.7 117.1 93.7 96.02015 108.5 110.7 46.7 165.8 48.6 69.1 98.0 80.7 62.1 36.5 38.2 268.7 64.3 120.8 118.4 51.5 55.9 43.3 113.7 92.2 94.32016 111.2 113.5 48.7 170.2 48.4 71.2 98.8 82.4 64.2 37.8 40.1 269.9 67.1 123.0 120.6 53.4 57.8 44.2 116.3 94.2 96.42017 112.2 114.9 52.0 177.6 48.6 72.7 99.4 82.7 66.3 40.4 43.3 268.5 70.0 124.7 121.9 54.8 60.3 45.2 117.8 95.4 97.52018 111.7 115.5 55.0 185.2 48.7 73.1 99.2 82.2 67.4 43.3 45.6 273.3 72.2 126.9 123.4 55.4 62.7 46.8 119.7 95.9 97.92019 111.1 115.0 56.7 188.2 49.2 73.3 98.6 80.5 67.9 45.0 47.2 272.4 74.6 127.6 123.7 55.6 64.3 48.4 119.8 95.6 97.52020 110.4 115.7 57.8 191.0 49.7 73.4 98.0 79.6 68.1 46.1 48.5 271.4 76.4 127.4 123.8 55.9 66.0 49.8 119.7 95.6 97.5

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 D_W 4) ; 1960-91 including D_W

25

Output


(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))


1960 : : 125.3 : : : : 186.5 : 127.2 : 100.0 : : : : 33.2 44.3 269.6

1965 : : 135.5 : : : : 185.6 : 112.8 : 100.0 : : : : 31.3 56.9 225.7

1970 : : 139.5 : : : : 185.4 : 97.8 : 100.0 : : : : 28.8 81.3 211.2

1975 : : 147.1 : : : : 181.3 : 83.4 : 100.0 : : : : 29.5 86.6 143.3

1980 : : 129.5 : 21.3 15.6 16.1 155.0 : 99.9 : 100.0 : : : : 21.1 87.0 116.8

1985 : : 140.4 : 39.3 39.0 43.3 152.8 : 107.8 : 100.0 : : : : 18.0 131.6 206.6

1990 10.2 14.9 130.4 : 9.9 5.2 5.2 144.9 : 100.5 : 100.0 : : : : 18.2 122.4 115.2

1991 3.9 14.1 126.6 : 10.2 6.8 4.0 146.0 : 101.3 : 100.0 : : : : 17.4 134.2 113.6

1991 4.0 14.4 129.0 : 10.4 6.9 4.1 148.8 : 103.2 : 100.0 : : : : 17.7 136.8 115.71992 3.8 14.6 130.3 : 9.7 6.5 2.4 142.0 : 97.7 : 100.0 : : : : 16.9 136.7 111.41993 9.0 19.4 134.4 11.4 18.9 12.3 6.0 117.3 77.4 97.1 79.8 100.0 : : : : 20.9 173.1 128.31994 7.6 21.2 138.3 15.3 19.2 13.3 6.4 118.7 77.6 98.2 80.1 100.0 : : 8.4 : 13.9 179.3 127.21995 9.1 23.4 142.9 20.3 18.1 15.0 6.7 120.9 78.8 93.0 80.5 100.0 : : 9.7 : 15.8 174.2 115.71996 5.8 25.8 141.6 21.8 18.0 16.6 6.5 129.5 78.6 96.2 80.7 100.0 3.9 : 9.3 : 16.4 151.5 118.81997 5.7 25.3 138.7 23.6 19.4 17.6 6.7 126.5 76.6 112.5 81.0 100.0 2.8 : 8.3 : 18.0 147.0 132.71998 7.4 26.6 137.0 24.7 19.5 18.6 7.6 123.7 76.6 115.2 81.2 100.0 3.1 : 7.7 : 18.0 130.3 134.51999 6.8 25.9 137.6 21.7 19.8 18.2 6.6 125.9 76.2 116.9 81.2 100.0 4.1 : 7.9 10.0 16.6 147.5 141.82000 7.2 26.7 137.0 22.5 20.7 20.0 7.4 130.7 75.6 124.7 81.5 100.0 5.1 7.3 8.3 3.9 19.0 170.6 161.5

2001 7.9 29.3 136.6 24.0 23.5 22.1 8.0 119.9 76.4 122.2 82.0 100.0 5.7 8.6 8.1 7.3 13.6 149.8 164.72002 8.5 33.0 136.4 25.6 27.3 21.2 8.7 121.6 76.8 122.4 82.4 100.0 5.8 8.7 8.1 8.8 14.6 132.0 155.22003 9.1 33.1 137.2 27.3 28.5 19.3 9.1 125.5 77.8 116.0 82.5 100.0 6.2 9.5 8.3 9.6 15.8 117.5 133.32004 9.9 34.6 137.6 28.5 30.5 19.8 10.3 125.7 77.9 118.5 82.8 100.0 7.0 10.1 8.3 9.8 17.6 111.0 123.02005 11.0 38.2 139.9 30.1 32.1 23.0 13.2 123.7 78.5 119.7 83.5 100.0 7.7 10.6 8.8 10.7 20.9 106.3 126.12006 12.0 41.0 141.0 31.6 31.0 24.5 15.6 125.5 78.9 120.2 84.0 100.0 8.1 12.0 9.1 11.9 21.4 95.5 125.12007 13.8 43.5 138.9 33.1 33.0 26.8 19.9 126.8 79.9 119.4 84.7 100.0 8.5 14.2 9.7 13.9 22.8 83.4 113.62008 16.0 50.8 144.3 36.6 35.3 31.5 23.4 125.5 83.0 105.3 85.8 100.0 9.8 16.5 10.9 15.9 24.1 87.2 107.82009 17.1 49.3 145.7 36.5 32.7 28.7 21.4 116.0 83.8 96.4 85.4 100.0 10.3 16.9 11.5 15.4 22.3 101.6 117.32010 17.1 50.1 147.3 35.3 33.2 31.6 20.8 132.4 83.8 99.1 85.7 100.0 10.4 17.0 11.6 14.5 26.7 112.5 122.7

2011 18.4 51.3 146.1 34.4 33.4 32.4 21.5 140.9 84.2 98.3 86.0 100.0 10.5 17.3 12.0 16.1 26.4 113.1 117.52012 18.5 49.6 146.9 33.2 32.4 32.6 21.4 143.7 83.1 105.9 86.0 100.0 10.7 16.5 11.9 15.1 29.1 121.3 129.42013 18.5 48.2 148.1 33.1 33.1 32.9 23.1 146.0 83.6 103.9 86.2 100.0 10.7 17.4 12.7 16.3 30.1 97.2 128.32014 18.5 46.4 146.7 31.9 33.3 33.3 23.5 139.1 82.7 110.3 86.2 100.0 10.7 17.3 12.9 15.5 28.4 89.0 128.82015 18.7 47.4 142.6 31.4 33.4 33.2 24.0 136.0 81.5 119.0 86.3 100.0 10.6 17.4 13.0 14.9 29.3 91.7 151.62016 20.0 49.4 145.7 33.1 34.3 32.8 25.6 138.1 83.4 108.3 86.6 100.0 11.0 18.8 13.8 15.4 29.1 103.3 154.52017 21.2 52.5 147.2 34.4 36.7 35.3 27.7 137.0 84.8 102.6 87.1 100.0 11.7 20.1 14.0 16.2 27.2 97.8 153.42018 22.1 55.0 145.2 35.4 38.2 36.5 29.4 129.7 85.3 101.8 87.4 100.0 12.5 21.1 14.6 17.3 22.5 93.5 149.42019 23.0 55.8 144.8 36.0 39.9 37.4 30.6 127.3 85.3 104.0 87.7 100.0 13.2 21.6 15.0 18.0 21.6 95.8 157.42020 23.8 56.4 144.8 36.6 41.2 38.6 31.9 126.8 85.6 104.2 88.0 100.0 13.6 22.0 15.2 18.8 23.7 94.1 157.9

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 4) 1960-91 including D_W

26

Output


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 101.4 131.3 : 68.2 58.4 62.0 93.9 87.7 : : : 163.4 : 123.4 102.2 44.1 : : 86.1 : 95.8

1965 101.8 127.7 : 65.7 71.2 71.6 95.2 92.0 : : : 151.0 : 118.6 98.6 48.7 : : 86.1 : 97.8

1970 102.5 122.5 : 65.4 82.6 74.7 97.4 101.0 : : : 141.7 : 118.3 101.0 52.2 : : 87.5 : 99.9

1975 106.2 119.5 : 68.1 90.5 80.6 100.1 99.5 : : : 141.4 : 117.3 106.5 55.0 : : 94.9 : 100.9

1980 107.7 123.6 : 69.2 90.9 73.3 100.9 104.1 : : : 138.4 : 112.4 109.7 57.7 : : 96.3 : 101.7

1985 105.4 124.7 : 70.4 83.0 71.5 99.3 104.2 : : : 145.5 : 108.4 110.0 55.7 : : 100.9 : 100.6

1990 104.9 122.2 : 76.9 74.3 76.2 98.5 104.2 73.3 47.8 49.7 173.0 : 107.1 108.7 65.1 68.8 : 101.5 : 100.7

1991 104.9 125.1 : 76.9 74.7 76.9 97.7 104.2 70.9 41.4 46.1 183.0 57.3 107.3 109.8 66.5 61.8 : 93.7 : 101.3

1991 106.9 113.9 : 78.3 76.0 78.3 99.5 106.1 72.2 42.2 47.0 186.3 58.3 109.3 111.8 67.8 63.0 : 95.4 : 100.81992 107.3 114.4 : 79.7 75.4 78.0 99.8 106.0 76.6 28.8 36.7 185.8 60.0 109.5 112.1 69.4 59.2 35.9 91.0 : 101.01993 106.5 113.4 29.0 82.1 74.2 77.3 99.4 105.7 75.8 26.2 31.1 192.0 62.4 110.8 112.4 69.3 61.4 38.5 90.5 97.4 100.51994 107.0 113.2 28.4 84.6 73.6 76.9 99.0 105.3 76.7 26.6 27.6 191.9 63.8 110.7 112.0 68.5 63.2 39.8 91.4 97.1 100.21995 107.0 112.5 29.6 90.1 73.2 77.0 98.6 105.9 81.1 26.2 28.1 187.8 65.9 111.2 112.4 68.3 64.4 41.1 92.9 97.2 100.21996 104.9 111.1 31.1 94.2 73.9 77.5 97.8 105.3 79.3 26.6 29.2 189.4 66.8 112.2 112.4 68.3 65.4 42.9 91.9 96.7 99.71997 105.2 109.0 34.3 99.7 75.4 78.6 97.8 104.7 78.2 28.5 31.1 188.2 67.8 114.4 111.8 69.4 67.1 44.3 95.7 96.6 99.41998 103.5 107.8 35.1 105.6 76.0 80.2 98.5 105.1 79.1 29.8 32.7 186.9 67.8 116.8 112.4 70.4 67.6 44.7 99.3 97.0 99.81999 104.1 107.9 34.2 109.6 75.0 80.9 98.7 103.7 79.8 30.1 31.8 205.1 68.3 118.8 112.1 72.0 69.3 43.4 100.6 97.1 99.92000 106.6 104.9 35.8 114.9 74.3 82.0 99.4 102.9 81.1 30.5 32.2 210.4 69.6 121.4 111.9 71.9 68.7 43.1 101.9 96.8 99.5

2001 105.5 104.8 37.4 118.7 76.4 83.7 100.2 101.8 83.4 32.9 34.4 203.5 67.1 121.0 108.3 71.2 69.1 45.1 101.2 96.9 99.62002 106.8 103.9 40.5 123.4 79.2 85.4 100.0 100.3 82.5 35.3 36.8 205.7 68.6 120.7 109.3 71.4 71.1 46.6 100.1 96.9 99.42003 106.9 104.4 44.8 124.7 82.1 86.2 96.9 99.9 83.5 37.9 41.5 206.3 71.5 117.4 110.5 71.7 72.7 48.6 99.7 96.6 98.92004 106.4 105.1 47.5 127.8 84.0 86.6 95.9 97.0 85.6 40.3 43.0 211.3 70.5 118.1 111.4 70.9 75.2 50.0 102.7 96.4 98.62005 106.7 103.8 52.7 129.4 81.9 88.7 97.6 95.8 88.9 44.3 46.5 218.1 71.3 120.4 112.1 72.8 76.6 53.0 102.4 96.8 98.82006 105.1 103.3 57.1 131.5 84.7 91.6 96.4 95.6 89.1 46.8 49.0 231.5 69.0 121.7 111.8 73.3 76.5 55.9 102.1 97.0 99.02007 104.2 104.6 62.0 132.1 82.8 92.1 96.3 95.5 92.8 51.2 53.9 236.9 70.3 124.0 111.3 72.6 78.0 59.6 106.5 97.6 99.42008 104.0 105.4 61.7 120.6 84.1 91.2 95.7 95.9 95.0 53.0 56.6 236.1 71.4 126.6 112.7 72.6 80.8 64.3 109.0 97.9 99.52009 106.6 105.7 57.5 116.7 85.2 90.9 97.3 96.0 95.1 47.3 50.9 230.6 73.3 125.0 114.8 74.3 77.0 64.3 106.1 98.2 99.92010 109.2 108.8 58.8 118.0 76.7 87.0 97.9 94.6 90.6 47.9 54.8 233.1 75.8 122.8 114.5 74.4 75.6 67.6 105.6 98.0 99.7

2011 109.0 112.2 64.4 118.2 68.7 84.3 98.5 94.5 87.3 52.0 60.1 241.4 75.2 122.5 116.9 70.4 75.7 67.9 107.0 98.4 99.92012 110.6 113.1 67.4 120.2 65.7 83.1 97.9 92.9 82.9 55.2 64.0 237.7 76.5 122.8 120.7 68.7 75.1 69.2 105.5 98.1 99.52013 109.9 113.7 69.0 120.6 65.6 82.0 99.3 90.2 76.9 57.0 67.0 239.3 78.1 123.7 120.5 70.1 74.9 70.1 103.8 98.0 99.42014 109.5 115.5 70.8 125.4 65.7 82.6 98.3 88.3 74.4 58.3 69.0 247.1 81.6 120.5 119.5 70.4 75.5 70.8 101.5 98.0 99.32015 108.8 114.2 69.6 164.3 64.0 83.4 97.3 87.7 75.2 58.8 68.8 244.7 86.0 119.7 118.9 70.7 75.3 70.7 100.5 97.9 99.22016 108.8 114.6 70.9 163.1 62.6 84.4 96.5 89.7 77.3 59.3 69.6 240.4 88.0 117.9 118.6 71.3 76.2 70.9 100.4 98.3 99.62017 108.0 114.6 73.0 167.7 62.3 85.2 96.4 89.4 78.8 61.9 72.7 234.5 90.5 118.7 117.5 71.0 78.9 70.6 101.1 98.5 99.72018 107.4 114.3 74.6 174.2 62.8 85.8 96.3 89.0 79.8 64.4 74.7 232.6 92.4 119.4 118.4 71.6 81.0 72.4 101.8 98.8 99.92019 107.4 113.8 76.0 177.6 64.0 86.5 96.4 88.4 81.1 66.4 76.6 232.3 95.1 119.7 118.6 72.3 82.8 74.4 102.4 98.9 99.92020 106.9 114.1 76.8 180.0 65.0 86.7 96.4 88.0 81.8 68.0 78.1 231.6 97.1 119.6 118.6 72.7 84.0 75.9 102.2 99.0 100.0

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

27

Output


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 : : 114.6 : : : : 131.5 : 113.1 : 100.0 : : : : 52.5 54.8 156.2

1965 : : 115.9 : : : : 133.1 : 104.0 : 100.0 : : : : 47.5 65.8 151.1

1970 : : 112.1 : : : : 127.3 : 95.2 : 100.0 : : : : 46.9 85.0 138.3

1975 : : 104.8 : : : : 125.4 : 91.8 : 100.0 : : : : 48.4 87.1 132.1

1980 : : 103.0 : : : : 116.3 : 89.4 : 100.0 : : : : 42.8 89.9 130.9

1985 : : 110.4 : : : : 118.5 : 93.5 : 100.0 : : : : 44.8 100.1 137.4

1990 : 70.1 101.8 : : 34.6 29.3 112.5 : 94.7 : 100.0 : : 32.8 : 46.2 108.0 133.2

1991 38.2 62.6 101.6 : 43.9 31.7 25.3 109.0 : 92.1 : 100.0 : : 30.1 : 45.3 109.7 129.6

1991 38.9 63.7 103.5 : 44.7 32.3 25.8 111.0 : 93.8 : 100.0 : : 30.7 : 46.1 111.7 132.01992 36.2 61.8 104.4 : 43.5 32.8 23.6 108.2 : 93.2 : 100.0 : : 27.2 : 47.7 111.5 133.81993 36.2 62.9 104.7 : 43.5 34.2 24.1 106.0 : 95.9 : 100.0 : : 25.2 : 51.0 112.0 136.61994 36.1 62.8 107.3 : 43.8 35.1 24.5 107.0 : 97.0 : 100.0 : : 24.8 : 46.4 110.0 137.01995 36.5 65.3 107.7 39.2 43.6 36.7 25.7 108.4 84.4 97.0 85.9 100.0 : : 23.8 : 47.9 110.4 136.11996 31.1 66.8 108.7 42.0 42.8 38.2 26.3 108.3 84.2 99.7 86.1 100.0 : : 23.4 : 49.5 111.6 137.21997 25.0 64.8 109.6 44.2 43.2 39.6 24.5 107.7 84.1 100.9 86.1 100.0 11.3 : 23.0 : 51.2 109.8 138.11998 25.9 62.8 108.8 44.2 43.9 40.3 23.4 107.7 84.4 99.1 86.2 100.0 11.9 : 23.0 : 37.6 105.1 138.31999 23.4 62.2 108.2 40.7 44.2 41.1 22.7 110.4 84.5 98.3 86.2 100.0 13.7 : 23.2 : 34.9 102.2 140.02000 24.3 61.5 109.2 42.2 45.2 40.6 22.3 111.6 84.3 100.0 86.2 100.0 14.9 23.1 23.4 21.8 35.9 101.6 138.2

2001 25.5 63.9 107.4 42.5 48.2 40.5 23.5 108.2 84.6 100.3 86.5 100.0 15.7 24.9 22.1 22.4 33.1 99.7 135.22002 27.0 63.7 107.4 44.4 51.0 41.3 25.2 107.4 85.0 101.2 87.0 100.0 16.3 25.1 22.3 23.8 32.3 98.3 133.12003 28.5 66.8 106.0 46.6 53.2 42.2 26.0 108.4 85.2 103.7 87.4 100.0 17.2 25.5 22.7 24.8 32.7 99.3 135.72004 29.9 68.6 108.7 47.9 53.6 44.0 29.7 110.8 85.6 105.0 87.9 100.0 17.9 26.1 23.7 26.6 35.5 99.8 137.52005 32.3 70.1 109.3 48.9 54.7 44.5 30.7 108.9 86.1 104.0 88.3 100.0 18.8 26.9 25.1 29.4 37.7 100.9 141.02006 33.2 70.5 110.8 51.7 54.4 45.0 34.3 111.3 86.7 102.7 88.7 100.0 19.5 31.1 25.8 30.3 40.1 97.9 137.42007 35.6 73.6 110.1 54.6 53.8 47.4 38.7 114.8 87.9 100.0 89.4 100.0 20.6 35.2 26.4 31.7 41.6 97.1 135.32008 38.4 75.6 112.6 56.8 56.4 49.9 45.8 114.3 88.9 99.3 90.2 100.0 22.4 37.7 28.7 34.4 43.4 94.5 131.72009 38.9 77.1 113.2 56.2 57.9 53.5 46.7 111.4 89.5 97.6 90.5 100.0 24.7 36.5 30.9 35.2 43.0 92.8 131.92010 40.0 75.1 117.2 53.9 58.7 56.7 46.3 113.5 89.8 98.2 90.8 100.0 26.2 37.2 31.0 34.9 47.0 95.0 131.9

2011 41.2 75.7 116.8 54.5 60.1 59.4 47.1 115.2 90.4 96.8 91.2 100.0 26.8 38.0 30.7 36.1 51.1 93.6 130.92012 42.1 75.4 116.4 54.9 60.0 61.1 49.2 116.3 90.6 98.4 91.6 100.0 27.3 36.0 30.9 36.2 53.2 96.0 133.82013 41.6 76.6 117.4 54.8 61.5 61.4 49.7 114.9 90.6 99.3 91.7 100.0 26.6 37.4 32.0 36.7 55.8 97.3 133.22014 42.9 79.0 117.3 54.1 62.5 61.9 50.5 114.0 90.7 100.1 91.9 100.0 27.6 37.6 32.9 35.9 58.7 95.2 134.52015 43.3 80.2 116.8 54.7 62.7 63.1 51.5 115.3 91.0 100.1 92.1 100.0 27.8 38.9 33.1 35.5 61.2 95.5 134.92016 44.8 80.9 116.4 56.3 61.7 62.9 54.8 112.7 91.4 98.6 92.4 100.0 27.3 41.0 34.2 35.9 60.5 93.9 132.72017 45.7 82.9 118.5 57.3 62.8 64.5 58.0 112.1 92.0 97.9 92.8 100.0 28.2 42.5 33.5 35.8 61.4 91.0 130.32018 46.6 83.8 117.9 58.3 65.1 66.9 59.7 111.8 92.6 97.3 93.2 100.0 28.9 43.9 33.8 37.0 61.3 90.6 131.22019 48.1 84.9 118.2 59.7 67.1 69.1 61.5 111.3 93.1 97.1 93.6 100.0 29.8 44.9 34.5 38.0 58.6 90.8 132.32020 49.5 85.7 118.1 60.7 68.3 70.9 63.0 110.8 93.5 96.7 93.9 100.0 30.6 45.7 35.2 39.1 59.7 90.6 132.4

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 including D_W

28

Output

10. Gross domestic product at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 4.9 4.4 : 4.2 8.5 7.3 5.7 6.4 : : : 3.5 : 5.1 4.7 5.8 : : 4.8 : 5.5

1971-1980 3.4 2.9 : 4.7 4.6 3.5 3.6 3.4 : : : 2.6 : 3.0 3.6 4.9 : : 4.0 : 3.3

1981-1990 2.0 2.3 : 3.6 0.7 2.9 2.5 2.2 : : : 5.0 : 2.2 2.2 3.6 : : 3.1 : 2.4

1991 1.8 5.1 : 1.9 3.1 2.5 1.0 1.4 0.7 -12.6 -5.7 8.6 : 2.4 3.4 3.4 -8.9 : -5.9 : 2.51992 1.5 1.9 : 3.3 0.7 0.9 1.6 0.7 9.7 -32.1 -21.3 1.8 4.7 1.7 2.1 3.1 -5.5 : -3.3 : 1.41993 -1.0 -1.0 : 2.7 -1.6 -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 0.7 -11.4 -16.2 4.2 4.5 1.3 0.5 -0.7 2.8 7.1 -0.7 : -0.71994 3.2 2.5 -1.6 5.8 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.1 5.9 2.2 -9.8 3.8 5.7 3.0 2.4 1.5 5.3 6.2 3.9 2.5 2.41995 2.4 1.7 4.5 9.8 2.1 2.8 2.1 2.7 9.9 -0.9 3.3 1.4 6.2 3.1 2.7 2.3 4.1 5.8 4.2 2.3 2.31996 1.6 0.8 5.3 7.7 2.9 2.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 2.4 5.1 1.4 4.0 3.5 2.3 3.5 3.5 6.8 3.7 1.6 1.61997 3.7 1.8 11.8 10.9 4.5 3.7 2.3 1.8 2.6 9.0 8.3 5.7 4.9 4.3 2.1 4.4 5.1 6.1 6.3 2.6 2.61998 2.0 2.0 4.1 8.7 3.9 4.3 3.6 1.6 6.1 6.5 7.5 6.0 3.4 4.7 3.6 4.8 3.3 4.0 5.4 2.9 2.91999 3.6 2.0 -0.9 10.5 3.1 4.5 3.4 1.6 5.0 2.6 -1.1 8.5 4.1 5.0 3.6 3.9 5.3 -0.2 4.4 3.0 3.02000 3.6 3.0 10.6 9.5 3.9 5.3 3.9 3.7 6.0 5.4 3.8 8.2 6.4 4.2 3.4 3.8 4.2 1.2 5.6 3.8 3.8

1991-2000 2.2 2.0 : 7.0 2.4 2.8 2.1 1.6 4.7 -3.7 -3.1 4.9 : 3.3 2.6 3.0 1.8 : 2.3 : 2.2

2001 0.8 1.7 6.3 5.3 4.1 4.0 2.0 1.8 4.0 6.5 6.5 2.5 0.6 2.3 1.3 1.9 2.9 3.3 2.6 2.1 2.12002 1.8 0.0 6.1 5.9 3.9 2.9 1.1 0.2 3.7 7.1 6.8 3.8 3.0 0.2 1.7 0.8 3.8 4.5 1.7 1.0 0.92003 0.8 -0.7 7.4 3.0 5.8 3.2 0.8 0.2 2.6 8.4 10.5 1.6 2.5 0.2 0.9 -0.9 2.8 5.4 2.0 0.7 0.62004 3.6 1.2 6.3 6.6 5.1 3.2 2.8 1.6 5.0 8.3 6.6 3.6 0.4 2.0 2.7 1.8 4.4 5.3 3.9 2.3 2.32005 2.1 0.7 9.4 5.7 0.6 3.7 1.7 0.9 4.9 10.7 7.7 3.2 3.8 2.1 2.2 0.8 4.0 6.8 2.8 1.7 1.62006 2.5 3.7 10.3 5.0 5.7 4.2 2.4 2.0 4.7 11.9 7.4 5.2 1.8 3.5 3.5 1.6 5.7 8.5 4.1 3.2 3.22007 3.4 3.3 7.7 5.3 3.3 3.8 2.4 1.5 5.1 10.0 11.1 8.4 4.0 3.8 3.7 2.5 6.9 10.8 5.2 3.1 3.02008 0.8 1.1 -5.4 -4.4 -0.3 1.1 0.3 -1.1 3.6 -3.5 2.6 -1.3 3.3 2.2 1.5 0.2 3.3 5.6 0.7 0.5 0.42009 -2.3 -5.6 -14.7 -5.0 -4.3 -3.6 -2.9 -5.5 -2.0 -14.4 -14.8 -4.4 -2.5 -3.7 -3.8 -3.0 -7.8 -5.4 -8.3 -4.5 -4.42010 2.7 4.1 2.3 1.9 -5.5 0.0 1.9 1.7 1.3 -3.9 1.6 4.9 3.5 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.2 5.0 3.0 2.1 2.1

2001-2010 1.6 0.9 3.3 2.8 1.8 2.2 1.3 0.3 3.3 3.8 4.3 2.7 2.0 1.4 1.5 0.7 2.7 4.9 1.7 1.2 1.2

2011 1.8 3.7 7.6 3.7 -9.1 -1.0 2.2 0.6 0.4 6.4 6.0 2.5 1.3 1.6 2.9 -1.8 0.6 2.8 2.6 1.6 1.62012 0.2 0.5 4.3 0.2 -7.3 -2.9 0.3 -2.8 -2.9 4.0 3.8 -0.4 2.7 -1.0 0.7 -4.0 -2.7 1.7 -1.4 -0.9 -0.92013 0.2 0.5 1.9 1.3 -3.2 -1.7 0.6 -1.7 -5.8 2.4 3.5 3.7 4.5 -0.1 0.0 -1.1 -1.1 1.5 -0.8 -0.2 -0.32014 1.3 2.2 2.9 8.8 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.1 -1.3 1.9 3.5 4.3 8.5 1.4 0.7 0.9 3.0 2.8 -0.6 1.4 1.42015 1.7 1.7 1.9 25.1 -0.4 3.6 1.1 0.9 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.9 10.7 2.0 1.1 1.8 2.3 4.2 0.5 2.1 2.12016 1.5 2.2 3.5 5.0 -0.2 3.2 1.2 1.1 4.8 2.1 2.4 2.4 5.7 2.2 2.0 1.9 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.0 1.92017 1.7 2.2 4.9 7.2 1.5 3.0 2.2 1.7 4.5 4.6 4.1 1.5 6.7 2.9 2.6 2.8 4.9 3.2 2.7 2.4 2.32018 1.4 1.4 3.9 6.7 1.9 2.6 1.6 0.9 3.9 4.8 3.4 2.6 6.6 2.7 2.7 2.1 4.5 4.1 2.3 1.9 1.82019 1.2 0.5 2.8 3.8 2.2 2.1 1.3 0.1 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.5 5.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 3.1 3.8 1.6 1.2 1.12020 1.2 1.5 2.4 3.4 2.2 1.9 1.5 0.7 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.6 4.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.8 3.4 1.2 1.5 1.5

2011-2020 1.2 1.6 3.6 6.3 -1.2 1.2 1.3 0.1 1.1 3.5 3.4 2.6 5.7 1.5 1.6 0.6 2.0 3.0 1.1 1.3 1.3


29

Output

10. Gross domestic product at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 4.8 : : : : 4.6 : 3.1 : 5.0 : : : : 5.7 10.1 4.3

1971-1980 : : 2.2 : : : : 2.1 : 2.1 : 3.1 : : : : 4.1 4.4 3.2

1981-1990 : : 2.1 : : : : 2.1 : 2.9 : 2.5 : : : : 5.2 4.6 3.3

1991 : -9.7 1.4 : : -7.0 -13.1 -1.1 : -1.1 : 1.8 : : -6.2 : 0.9 3.3 -0.11992 -7.3 -2.3 2.0 : -2.1 2.5 -8.7 -1.2 : 0.4 : 1.1 : : -6.6 : 6.0 0.8 3.51993 -1.5 1.3 0.0 : -0.6 3.7 1.5 -2.1 : 2.5 : -0.2 : : -7.5 : 8.0 0.2 2.81994 1.8 2.3 5.3 : 2.9 5.3 3.9 4.1 : 3.9 : 2.8 : : -1.8 : -5.5 0.9 4.01995 2.9 6.1 3.0 : 1.5 7.0 7.1 4.0 : 2.5 : 2.4 : : -1.1 : 7.2 2.7 2.71996 9.2 4.2 2.9 5.9 0.0 6.1 3.9 1.5 1.8 2.5 1.9 1.8 : : 1.2 2.4 7.0 3.1 3.81997 -17.1 -0.6 3.3 6.6 3.3 6.5 -4.8 2.9 2.7 4.3 2.9 2.9 -10.9 : 1.4 7.2 7.5 1.1 4.41998 4.9 -0.3 2.2 1.9 4.2 4.6 -2.0 4.2 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.0 8.8 : 3.4 2.4 3.1 -1.1 4.51999 -8.4 1.4 2.9 -0.9 3.2 4.6 -0.4 4.5 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 12.9 : 4.3 -12.1 -3.4 -0.3 4.82000 4.8 4.3 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.6 2.5 4.7 3.9 3.5 3.8 3.8 6.9 : 4.5 7.8 6.6 2.8 4.1

1991-2000 : 0.6 2.7 : : 3.7 -1.2 2.1 : 2.5 : 2.2 : : -0.9 : 3.7 1.3 3.4

2001 3.8 2.9 0.8 3.5 3.8 1.2 5.2 1.6 2.1 2.8 2.2 2.2 8.3 1.1 -3.1 5.0 -6.0 0.4 1.02002 5.9 1.7 0.5 5.3 4.5 2.0 5.7 2.1 1.1 2.5 1.4 1.3 4.5 1.9 1.5 7.1 6.4 0.1 1.72003 5.2 3.6 0.4 5.6 3.8 3.6 2.3 2.4 0.9 3.3 1.3 1.2 5.5 2.5 2.2 4.4 5.6 1.5 2.92004 6.4 4.9 2.7 3.9 5.0 5.1 10.4 4.3 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.3 5.5 4.4 4.7 9.0 9.6 2.2 3.82005 7.1 6.5 2.3 4.1 4.4 3.5 4.7 2.8 1.9 3.1 2.1 1.9 5.5 4.2 4.7 5.5 9.0 1.7 3.52006 6.9 6.9 3.9 4.9 3.9 6.2 8.0 4.7 3.5 2.5 3.3 3.1 5.9 8.6 5.1 5.1 7.1 1.4 2.92007 7.3 5.6 0.9 5.3 0.4 7.0 7.2 3.4 3.2 2.5 3.1 2.9 6.0 6.8 6.5 6.4 5.0 1.7 1.92008 6.0 2.7 -0.5 2.0 0.9 4.2 9.3 -0.6 0.7 -0.3 0.5 0.2 7.5 7.2 5.5 5.7 0.8 -1.1 -0.12009 -3.6 -4.8 -4.9 -7.3 -6.6 2.8 -5.5 -5.2 -4.3 -4.2 -4.3 -4.4 3.4 -5.8 -0.4 -2.7 -4.7 -5.4 -2.52010 1.3 2.3 1.9 -1.5 0.7 3.6 -3.9 6.0 2.1 1.7 2.1 2.1 3.7 2.7 3.4 0.7 8.5 4.2 2.6

2001-2010 4.6 3.2 0.8 2.5 2.0 3.9 4.2 2.1 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 5.6 3.3 3.0 4.6 4.0 0.6 1.7

2011 1.9 1.8 1.3 -0.3 1.7 5.0 2.0 2.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6 2.5 3.2 2.3 2.0 11.1 -0.1 1.62012 0.0 -0.8 0.2 -2.3 -1.6 1.6 2.1 -0.3 -0.7 1.4 -0.4 -0.5 1.4 -2.7 -0.5 -0.7 4.8 1.5 2.22013 0.5 -0.5 0.9 -0.5 2.1 1.4 3.5 1.2 0.0 2.0 0.3 0.2 1.0 3.5 2.9 2.9 8.5 2.0 1.82014 1.8 2.7 1.6 -0.1 4.2 3.3 3.4 2.6 1.6 2.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 3.6 -1.6 5.2 0.4 2.52015 3.5 5.3 2.3 2.4 3.5 3.8 3.9 4.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 3.4 3.9 1.8 6.1 1.2 2.92016 3.9 2.5 2.4 3.5 2.3 3.1 4.8 2.7 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.9 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.2 0.6 1.62017 3.8 4.4 2.3 2.9 4.1 4.8 7.0 2.1 2.6 1.8 2.5 2.2 3.8 4.7 0.2 2.0 7.4 1.9 2.22018 3.1 2.9 1.4 2.6 4.9 5.1 4.1 2.3 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.7 4.1 4.9 2.7 4.3 2.6 0.8 2.92019 3.3 2.6 1.7 2.6 3.7 4.2 3.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 3.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 -2.3 0.8 2.42020 3.4 2.4 1.6 2.5 2.8 3.6 3.1 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.5 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.9 0.6 1.9

2011-2020 2.5 2.3 1.6 1.3 2.8 3.6 3.7 2.1 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.4 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.1 5.0 1.0 2.2


30

Output

11. Gross domestic product at 2010 reference levels per person employed



1961-1970 4.4 4.2 : 4.2 9.3 6.7 5.3 6.9 : : : 2.9 : 3.9 5.1 5.6 : : 4.4 : 5.3

1971-1980 3.2 2.6 : 3.7 3.9 4.2 3.0 2.4 : : : 1.4 : 2.3 2.8 4.9 : : 3.7 : 2.9

1981-1990 1.8 1.3 : 3.8 -0.3 1.9 2.0 1.6 : : : 3.2 : 1.5 2.0 3.5 : : 2.6 : 1.7

1991 1.5 2.2 : 2.3 4.9 1.4 1.0 0.6 : -11.9 -7.9 4.5 : 1.1 2.2 0.6 : : -0.3 : 1.41992 1.7 3.3 : 3.0 -0.7 2.4 2.4 1.5 : -26.7 -19.5 -0.9 3.4 0.4 1.6 4.8 : : 4.0 : 2.41993 -0.3 0.3 : 1.2 -2.4 1.9 0.9 2.4 : -4.8 -12.6 2.4 3.6 1.1 1.1 1.4 : : 5.6 : 1.11994 3.7 2.4 1.8 2.6 0.1 2.9 2.2 3.2 : 13.7 -4.2 1.1 5.2 2.9 2.4 2.6 : : 5.4 : 2.61995 0.8 1.3 11.4 5.5 1.2 0.9 1.5 2.7 : 10.6 5.3 -1.1 3.0 1.3 3.0 3.1 : : 2.4 : 1.71996 1.3 0.8 7.9 3.9 3.5 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.7 1.8 4.2 -1.2 2.4 1.2 2.0 1.8 5.6 4.6 2.2 1.1 1.11997 3.0 1.9 11.7 6.7 4.9 0.1 1.8 1.6 2.0 4.3 7.6 2.2 4.6 1.2 1.4 1.8 7.1 7.2 2.7 1.8 1.71998 0.2 0.8 6.1 2.0 -0.5 0.1 2.1 0.9 4.5 6.9 8.3 1.6 3.6 1.7 2.5 1.9 3.4 4.5 3.5 1.2 1.11999 2.2 0.4 3.8 3.8 3.0 -0.1 1.2 1.0 3.1 4.5 1.1 3.5 3.4 2.5 2.0 2.3 3.7 2.4 1.9 1.2 1.02000 1.6 0.7 9.6 4.8 3.6 0.4 1.2 1.9 4.2 9.1 8.5 2.8 7.7 2.6 2.4 1.6 2.6 3.2 3.4 1.5 1.3

1991-2000 1.6 1.4 : 3.5 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.7 : 0.0 -1.4 1.5 : 1.6 2.1 2.2 : : 3.1 : 1.5

2001 -0.6 2.0 5.7 2.1 3.8 0.5 0.1 0.0 1.8 4.8 10.7 -3.0 -1.1 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.4 2.7 1.1 0.9 0.82002 2.0 0.5 6.1 4.3 1.4 0.4 0.3 -0.8 1.6 5.6 3.0 0.9 2.7 0.4 1.7 0.4 2.2 4.4 0.6 0.3 0.32003 0.9 0.4 5.2 1.1 4.3 0.3 0.8 -0.4 -0.9 7.8 8.1 -0.2 2.9 1.3 0.3 0.0 3.2 4.3 1.9 0.4 0.42004 2.6 0.8 6.7 3.1 2.6 0.3 2.6 1.1 1.0 8.1 7.7 1.2 0.1 2.7 2.1 2.5 4.0 5.5 3.3 1.6 1.52005 0.6 0.7 6.9 0.7 -0.3 0.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 9.7 6.9 0.4 2.5 1.8 1.0 1.2 4.5 5.1 1.2 0.8 0.82006 1.4 2.9 5.1 0.4 3.8 0.5 1.0 0.3 2.8 5.8 7.7 1.3 0.3 1.2 1.7 1.2 4.0 6.2 2.2 1.5 1.52007 1.8 1.5 7.5 0.9 1.9 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.6 5.9 8.9 3.8 1.7 1.0 1.9 2.5 3.5 8.5 3.0 1.2 1.22008 -1.0 -0.2 -5.2 -3.8 -1.6 0.9 -0.2 -0.6 0.1 -2.7 4.0 -5.8 0.8 0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.7 2.3 -1.5 -0.3 -0.32009 -2.1 -5.7 -5.0 3.1 -3.8 2.7 -1.8 -2.8 -2.0 -0.1 -7.7 -5.3 -2.5 -2.6 -3.3 -0.3 -6.1 -3.5 -6.0 -2.5 -2.62010 2.1 3.8 7.6 6.7 -3.0 2.7 2.0 2.6 0.9 2.9 7.3 3.0 1.8 1.9 1.1 3.4 3.4 6.7 3.7 2.8 2.7

2001-2010 0.8 0.6 4.0 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.7 4.7 5.6 -0.4 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 2.1 4.2 0.9 0.7 0.6

2011 0.4 2.3 1.0 5.8 -2.4 1.8 1.7 0.4 0.4 4.8 5.5 -0.4 -1.6 0.9 1.3 0.1 2.4 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.62012 -0.2 -0.7 2.6 0.7 -1.1 2.0 0.2 -1.5 0.3 2.5 2.0 -2.7 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 0.1 -1.8 1.6 -2.3 -0.1 -0.12013 0.5 -0.1 0.7 -1.6 -0.6 1.8 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.1 2.1 1.8 0.7 1.1 -0.3 1.8 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.6 0.62014 0.8 1.3 2.1 6.0 -0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.1 0.5 3.3 1.5 1.7 3.0 1.6 -0.3 -0.5 2.5 1.3 -0.2 0.8 0.72015 0.8 0.8 -0.9 20.9 -1.2 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.7 1.3 6.4 0.9 0.5 0.4 1.0 2.2 0.6 1.0 1.02016 0.2 0.9 3.2 1.2 -0.7 0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.2 2.4 0.4 -0.6 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.3 1.2 0.7 2.3 0.5 0.52017 0.3 0.7 2.1 4.2 0.0 0.1 1.2 0.8 0.2 4.7 4.7 -1.8 -1.1 0.6 0.8 -0.5 1.9 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.82018 0.2 0.1 2.6 3.0 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.1 -0.2 3.1 2.4 -1.1 0.9 0.1 1.0 -0.2 1.5 2.1 -0.3 0.3 0.32019 0.4 -0.2 2.2 1.7 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.5 2.8 2.4 -0.5 1.4 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.8 3.0 0.8 0.3 0.22020 0.5 1.0 2.5 1.5 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7 2.8 2.3 -0.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.6 3.0 0.6 0.8 0.7

2011-2020 0.4 0.6 1.8 4.2 -0.4 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.3 2.8 2.4 -0.3 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 1.0 1.8 0.4 0.6 0.6

1) 1961-91 D_W 2) Weighted by total employment 3) Weighted by total employment; Former Euro area 12; 1961-91 including D_W

31

Output

11. Gross domestic product at 2010 reference levels per person employed



1961-1970 : : 3.5 : : : : 3.9 : 2.8 : 4.7 : : : : 4.7 8.6 2.4

1971-1980 : : 1.7 : : : : 1.3 : 1.9 : 2.7 : : : : 2.1 3.7 1.0

1981-1990 : : 1.6 : : : : 1.4 : 2.2 : 1.8 : : : : 3.5 3.7 1.5

1991 : : 2.4 : : : -12.6 0.4 : 2.0 : 1.5 : : : : -3.0 1.3 0.81992 : : 2.8 : : : -5.9 3.4 : 2.3 : 2.4 : : : : 5.0 -0.3 3.01993 : : 1.7 : : 5.7 5.5 2.7 : 3.4 : 1.5 : : : : 13.6 -0.2 1.41994 : 1.2 3.3 : : 7.0 4.5 5.1 : 3.1 : 2.8 : : : : -12.6 0.8 1.81995 : 5.4 2.4 : : 6.0 13.0 2.4 : 1.2 : 1.6 : : : : 4.2 2.4 1.31996 6.3 3.7 1.9 5.9 -0.1 4.8 7.4 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.2 : : : : 3.9 3.0 2.41997 -14.5 0.1 1.9 6.5 3.2 5.0 -5.7 4.3 1.9 2.5 2.0 1.9 -10.2 : : : 7.5 0.4 2.21998 6.0 1.4 0.8 2.1 2.6 3.4 1.0 2.5 1.7 2.3 1.8 1.3 11.0 : 0.0 : 0.4 0.0 3.01999 -4.3 3.7 2.1 -1.0 0.4 8.9 0.9 2.3 2.1 1.8 2.1 1.2 15.0 : 5.0 : -4.6 1.1 3.22000 7.3 5.1 3.0 3.9 3.2 6.2 3.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.5 6.6 : 4.2 : 8.9 3.5 1.6

1991-2000 : : 2.2 : : : 0.9 2.8 : 2.2 : 1.7 : : : : 2.1 1.2 2.1

2001 4.6 3.2 -0.2 4.1 4.0 3.5 6.3 -0.5 1.4 2.0 1.5 1.0 25.7 : -0.9 4.6 -5.7 0.8 1.02002 5.7 1.0 0.4 4.3 4.6 5.2 17.7 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.5 0.6 4.5 : -1.6 10.9 7.3 1.3 2.02003 2.1 4.4 1.3 3.0 3.8 4.8 2.4 3.0 0.8 2.3 1.1 0.9 4.8 : 2.1 7.3 6.6 1.5 1.92004 3.7 5.1 3.2 3.0 6.0 4.0 12.3 5.0 2.0 1.2 1.9 1.6 4.9 : 12.0 8.6 18.1 1.6 2.72005 4.3 4.5 0.9 3.1 4.7 1.3 6.3 2.5 1.0 2.0 1.2 1.1 5.4 : -0.2 13.2 6.6 0.9 1.82006 3.4 5.4 1.6 1.7 3.4 2.9 7.3 3.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 5.6 9.2 0.5 9.2 5.2 0.7 1.02007 4.0 3.4 -1.4 2.1 0.3 2.4 6.8 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.2 -17.3 -10.5 3.4 5.4 3.4 0.9 0.82008 3.6 0.5 -1.7 -0.1 2.9 0.4 9.3 -1.4 -0.3 -1.2 -0.4 -0.5 14.7 4.0 -2.3 -0.6 -1.3 -0.9 0.32009 -1.9 -3.1 -1.8 -6.6 -4.2 2.4 -3.6 -2.8 -2.5 -2.7 -2.6 -2.6 0.1 -3.2 -4.6 4.9 -5.1 -4.3 1.22010 5.4 3.3 4.3 2.4 1.8 6.4 -3.6 5.0 3.1 1.5 2.9 2.6 3.1 4.4 7.2 10.0 2.2 4.4 3.1

2001-2010 3.5 2.8 0.7 1.7 2.7 3.3 5.9 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 4.6 : 1.5 7.3 3.5 0.7 1.6

2011 4.2 2.1 1.4 3.7 1.7 4.4 2.8 0.5 1.8 1.1 1.7 1.5 3.2 10.3 0.9 8.5 4.1 -0.1 1.02012 2.6 -1.2 0.9 1.4 -1.8 1.5 7.2 -1.0 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.1 13.4 -5.1 -1.6 0.4 1.8 1.9 0.42013 0.9 -0.8 0.9 2.2 1.0 1.5 4.4 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.6 5.6 3.1 -2.5 -0.8 5.5 1.4 0.82014 1.5 2.2 0.7 -2.7 -0.6 1.6 2.6 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 : -5.0 1.2 -11.2 3.5 -0.2 0.82015 3.1 3.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 2.3 5.2 2.9 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.0 : 0.9 2.0 1.2 3.3 0.8 1.22016 3.4 0.8 0.9 3.2 -0.7 2.2 6.0 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.5 : 1.8 1.3 -2.2 1.0 -0.3 -0.12017 2.0 2.8 0.6 0.7 2.1 3.4 4.3 -0.2 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 : 2.4 -2.1 -0.7 3.5 0.9 1.02018 3.2 1.3 -0.4 0.2 2.7 4.8 3.9 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.3 : 2.5 2.3 2.9 0.2 -0.2 1.32019 3.2 1.7 0.6 1.0 2.3 3.9 2.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 : 1.5 0.6 2.3 -2.1 0.3 1.22020 3.3 1.7 0.7 1.1 2.4 3.6 2.9 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.7 : 1.9 0.8 2.5 0.9 0.4 1.1

2011-2020 2.7 1.4 0.7 1.2 1.0 2.9 4.2 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 : 1.3 0.3 0.2 2.1 0.5 0.9

1) Weighted by total employment; EU excluding UK 2) Weighted by total employment 3) Weighted by total employment; Former EU-15; 1961-91 including D_W

32

Output

12. Industrial production; construction excluded



1961-1970 5.0 5.7 : : : : 5.4 7.0 : : : 2.4 : 7.3 5.6 5.0 : : 7.5 : :

1971-1980 2.2 1.9 : : 6.9 5.1 2.9 3.5 : : : 0.0 : 2.9 4.0 6.5 : : 4.6 : :

1981-1990 1.9 1.9 : 6.3 1.0 1.9 1.3 1.2 : : : 3.7 : 1.4 2.8 4.8 : : 2.8 : 1.7

1991 -1.9 2.9 : 3.4 -1.0 -0.8 -0.1 -0.9 : : : 0.3 : 1.8 1.7 0.0 : : -8.7 : 0.5

1992 -0.4 -1.3 : 9.1 -1.0 -2.8 -0.8 -0.2 : : : -0.8 : -0.2 -1.2 -2.3 : : 0.9 : -1.01993 -5.1 -7.4 : 5.5 -2.9 -4.7 -3.8 -2.5 : : : -4.3 : -1.1 -1.6 -4.8 : : 5.1 : -4.31994 2.1 2.7 : 12.0 1.3 7.3 3.8 5.3 : : : 5.9 : 4.9 4.0 -0.2 : : 11.3 : 4.21995 6.5 1.0 : 19.4 1.8 4.7 3.0 5.4 : : : 1.4 : 2.9 5.1 4.7 : : 6.4 : 3.41996 0.5 -0.1 : 8.1 0.9 -0.7 1.1 -0.9 : : : 0.1 : 2.4 1.0 5.3 : : 1.4 : 0.31997 4.7 2.9 : 17.5 1.9 6.8 4.4 3.3 : : : 5.8 : -0.5 6.4 2.6 : : 6.6 : 3.81998 3.4 4.2 : 19.7 9.0 5.4 4.3 1.9 : : : -0.1 : 1.9 8.1 5.7 : : 5.8 : 4.11999 0.9 1.4 -3.4 14.8 1.9 2.7 2.9 0.1 : : -12.7 11.5 : 3.0 6.0 3.0 -0.5 : 3.8 : 2.12000 5.4 5.1 14.6 14.3 7.1 4.0 4.3 3.2 4.4 : -0.2 4.3 : 5.4 9.1 0.5 6.2 : 8.4 : 4.7

1992-2000 1.9 0.9 : 13.3 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.7 : : : 2.5 : 2.0 4.0 1.5 : : 5.5 : 1.9

2001 4.5 -0.1 8.8 11.0 -3.4 -1.1 1.1 -0.8 4.7 10.6 11.9 5.0 -6.2 1.3 3.1 1.9 2.9 3.4 0.0 0.4 0.42002 0.3 -1.1 8.5 8.2 0.1 -0.1 -1.1 -1.3 1.7 6.9 5.9 4.9 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.5 2.4 7.1 1.4 -0.4 -0.52003 1.6 0.5 11.0 5.7 0.6 1.5 -0.9 -1.0 0.0 7.8 14.6 5.3 4.6 -1.5 1.8 -1.1 1.5 15.6 0.0 0.2 0.02004 7.1 4.3 10.4 1.2 0.6 1.9 2.5 1.0 1.8 7.1 11.6 5.6 -0.9 4.7 7.1 -4.0 4.8 3.6 5.2 3.0 2.92005 3.3 3.0 10.9 4.0 -1.5 0.2 0.1 -1.9 0.5 7.2 7.1 2.2 -5.5 0.4 3.9 5.1 3.5 -0.9 -0.9 0.9 0.92006 6.1 5.3 9.9 3.1 0.8 3.7 0.7 3.1 0.4 6.5 5.9 2.2 7.0 2.0 7.1 -0.7 5.7 15.8 10.1 3.6 3.52007 7.9 5.7 6.5 5.2 2.3 2.4 1.3 2.5 4.8 1.2 2.7 -0.3 7.6 4.3 5.9 -1.2 7.2 16.8 4.6 3.7 3.62008 4.1 0.6 -5.2 -2.2 -4.2 -7.1 -2.6 -3.2 4.5 -3.2 3.5 -5.0 -4.3 0.7 2.2 -5.5 2.4 15.6 1.2 -1.5 -1.62009 -11.2 -16.3 -24.0 -4.5 -9.7 -16.2 -12.8 -18.7 -9.3 -18.2 -14.2 -16.1 -14.5 -7.7 -11.8 -10.5 -17.4 -12.9 -18.0 -14.6 -14.62010 9.4 11.2 23.4 8.5 -6.1 0.9 4.8 6.9 -1.8 14.9 6.2 9.1 8.7 7.7 7.0 1.5 7.2 12.3 5.6 6.9 6.8

2001-2010 3.1 1.1 5.3 3.9 -2.1 -1.6 -0.8 -1.6 0.7 3.7 5.2 1.0 -0.5 1.2 2.6 -1.5 1.8 7.2 0.7 0.1 0.0

2011 4.6 7.1 20.0 -0.4 -5.8 -2.1 2.6 0.4 -7.8 9.1 6.6 1.4 -0.1 -0.7 6.3 -1.6 1.3 5.7 1.7 2.8 2.82012 -1.7 -0.8 1.1 -1.5 -2.1 -6.6 -2.6 -6.0 -9.8 6.1 4.0 -4.9 5.5 -0.6 -0.1 -5.6 -1.2 2.8 -2.1 -2.6 -2.72013 -0.5 -0.1 4.1 -2.2 -3.3 -1.9 -0.9 -3.0 -13.5 -0.8 3.0 -3.2 -4.8 0.6 0.7 1.0 -1.0 1.6 -3.1 -0.9 -1.02014 1.4 1.3 3.9 20.9 -2.0 1.6 -1.1 -1.1 -0.6 -1.1 0.2 4.3 -6.0 -2.8 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.1 -1.8 0.5 0.42015 -0.7 1.4 0.3 36.9 1.0 3.3 1.7 1.7 5.2 3.6 4.4 1.4 -0.4 -3.6 2.4 2.4 5.6 6.7 -0.9 2.2 2.12016 4.5 1.3 3.4 1.8 2.6 1.5 0.7 1.4 9.3 5.4 2.8 0.2 -7.4 1.4 2.9 1.8 7.1 4.7 4.2 1.6 1.52017 2.7 2.8 4.1 -2.2 4.8 2.9 2.0 3.1 7.1 8.3 7.0 2.1 8.6 1.1 4.8 3.4 7.7 3.2 3.2 2.6 2.52018 1.4 1.0 4.0 -0.1 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.5 5.4 1.5 4.8 -0.6 1.6 1.5 3.7 0.1 4.4 4.4 2.8 1.2 1.1

1) 1961-91 D_W 2) ; 1961-91 including D_W

33

Output

12. Industrial production; construction excluded



1961-1970 : : 6.2 : : : : 6.2 : 2.5 : : : : : : : 13.6 4.9

1971-1980 : : 2.1 : : : : 0.9 : 0.8 : : : : : : : 4.1 3.0

1981-1990 : : 2.8 : -0.3 : : 1.9 : 1.6 : 1.7 : : : : : 4.0 2.2

1991 : -21.9 0.1 : -18.3 -16.0 : -2.3 : -3.3 : -0.3 : : : : 3.2 1.9 -1.5

1992 : -8.0 3.1 : -9.7 3.5 : 0.2 : 0.4 : -0.6 : : : : 4.6 -5.8 2.91993 : -5.3 -3.7 : 3.9 4.8 : 0.4 : 2.1 : -3.1 : : : : 5.9 -3.5 3.31994 : 2.1 10.2 : 9.6 13.1 : 11.6 : 5.3 : 4.7 : : : : -6.3 1.3 5.31995 : 8.7 4.0 : 4.7 : : 9.9 : 1.8 : 3.3 : : : : 8.6 3.3 4.61996 : 2.0 1.4 : 3.3 : : 0.9 : 1.4 : 0.6 : : : : 5.9 2.3 4.51997 : 4.5 4.8 : 11.0 6.3 : 4.5 : 1.4 : 3.4 : : : : 9.6 3.5 7.21998 : 1.6 2.9 : 12.5 8.4 : 4.7 : -0.9 : 3.2 : : : : 1.3 -6.6 5.81999 : -3.2 0.2 -1.2 10.4 6.4 : 2.8 : 1.0 : 1.9 : : : : -3.7 0.3 4.42000 : 5.3 7.8 1.4 17.0 -2.0 : 5.2 : 1.8 : 4.3 : : : : 6.0 5.4 3.9

1992-2000 : 0.7 3.3 : 6.7 : : 4.4 : 1.6 : 1.9 : : : : 3.4 0.0 4.7

2001 2.2 7.4 2.4 6.0 3.8 0.6 3.9 -1.1 0.6 -1.6 0.3 0.0 : : : : -8.7 -6.3 -3.12002 4.6 2.0 1.4 5.0 3.2 1.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 -1.4 -0.4 -0.6 : : : : 9.5 -1.1 0.42003 13.1 3.6 0.0 3.3 6.9 8.9 -0.8 1.4 0.6 -0.5 0.4 0.0 : : : : 8.7 3.4 1.32004 12.9 10.5 -1.4 3.3 7.7 12.9 2.7 5.7 3.4 0.6 3.0 2.6 : : : : 9.9 4.7 2.72005 6.9 4.0 2.9 4.5 6.8 4.4 -3.1 2.4 1.2 -0.6 1.0 0.8 : : : : 14.0 1.4 3.32006 6.0 8.2 3.4 4.1 9.8 12.1 9.3 3.1 4.0 0.5 3.5 3.0 : : 5.8 4.2 7.4 4.3 2.32007 9.6 10.7 -3.5 5.0 8.0 9.5 10.2 3.4 4.0 0.3 3.5 2.9 : : 3.9 4.1 7.0 2.8 2.52008 0.6 -1.8 -2.3 1.2 0.0 2.6 2.8 -2.6 -1.3 -2.4 -1.4 -1.8 : : 5.1 1.5 -0.6 -3.2 -3.52009 -18.3 -13.6 -14.4 -9.3 -17.8 -4.0 -5.5 -17.9 -14.2 -8.8 -13.5 -13.9 : : -8.6 -12.6 -10.0 -21.0 -11.52010 2.0 8.6 2.1 -1.4 10.6 11.2 5.5 9.4 7.0 3.2 6.5 6.2 : : -4.9 1.2 13.2 15.0 5.5

2001-2010 3.6 3.7 -1.1 2.1 3.6 5.8 2.3 0.1 0.4 -1.1 0.1 -0.2 : : : : 4.7 -0.4 -0.1

2011 5.8 5.9 1.2 -1.1 5.6 6.7 7.5 2.6 3.1 -0.6 2.6 2.2 : -10.2 7.0 2.5 15.4 -2.9 3.12012 -0.3 -0.9 -0.2 -5.6 -1.7 1.2 2.4 -2.1 -2.2 -2.7 -2.3 -2.6 : -7.1 -2.8 -2.3 4.2 0.7 3.02013 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -1.8 1.1 2.3 7.9 -4.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -1.0 : 10.6 3.3 5.6 6.6 -0.9 2.02014 1.8 5.0 0.6 1.2 7.6 3.5 6.0 -1.7 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.5 : -11.4 4.7 -7.4 5.8 1.7 3.12015 2.9 4.3 0.1 2.7 7.4 4.8 2.8 3.6 2.4 1.2 2.2 2.0 : 7.9 4.9 7.3 6.2 -1.3 -1.02016 2.7 3.4 4.2 5.3 0.9 2.8 3.1 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.5 : -2.9 3.4 5.2 3.4 0.1 -1.92017 3.4 6.5 2.0 1.4 4.7 6.6 7.9 4.3 3.0 1.1 2.8 2.4 : -4.2 0.2 3.9 8.9 2.8 1.62018 1.1 3.0 2.1 -1.0 3.6 5.9 3.5 2.4 1.6 0.9 1.5 1.1 : 22.4 5.4 1.3 1.7 1.0 4.1

1) EU excluding UK; 1961-91 including D_W 2) 1961-91 including D_W

34

National final uses

13. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices

(Percentage of gross domestic product at market prices)


1960-1970 56.5 55.7 : 73.6 65.7 67.2 56.2 59.3 75.4 : : 50.8 73.2 53.7 58.9 68.3 : : 58.0 : 57.8

1971-1980 53.7 55.8 : 66.4 57.9 64.6 54.3 58.7 72.1 : : 49.8 71.1 51.6 55.9 64.2 : : 53.0 : 56.4

1981-1990 56.6 56.6 : 60.9 62.4 63.3 56.0 58.5 60.9 : : 51.1 64.9 50.6 57.2 64.4 : : 51.6 : 57.2

1991 54.4 56.2

1991 55.3 56.4 : 57.9 66.0 61.3 55.1 58.1 63.7 43.0 53.8 46.5 60.5 49.8 55.4 65.3 54.4 : 53.1 : 56.71992 54.7 56.5 : 57.7 67.6 61.9 55.1 59.0 60.7 37.0 64.9 44.8 60.0 49.6 56.1 64.9 54.7 : 54.0 : 57.01993 54.2 57.2 55.5 56.2 68.0 61.8 55.4 58.6 57.2 49.4 70.0 43.0 59.0 49.7 56.0 65.9 58.0 54.3 53.8 57.1 57.11994 53.8 56.9 55.8 56.0 67.9 61.6 55.0 59.1 56.0 54.9 65.0 42.8 58.4 49.4 55.7 65.4 56.2 51.7 52.5 56.9 56.91995 53.6 56.6 53.2 52.7 68.0 60.9 54.7 59.0 61.9 65.3 63.9 42.8 60.4 49.2 54.9 64.6 59.2 51.1 50.9 56.5 56.51996 54.0 57.0 57.2 53.1 68.0 60.5 55.1 58.6 63.0 67.9 64.2 41.7 62.7 50.0 55.5 64.9 58.7 52.2 51.5 56.8 56.81997 53.3 57.0 57.3 50.4 66.7 60.2 54.1 59.2 62.5 66.7 61.3 41.5 62.1 49.8 54.8 63.7 57.5 52.9 50.1 56.5 56.51998 53.4 56.5 57.5 48.8 67.0 59.8 54.0 59.8 62.4 63.4 61.2 41.4 62.1 50.1 54.3 62.9 57.0 54.4 49.1 56.3 56.31999 52.5 56.9 56.6 47.6 66.7 59.7 53.6 60.5 61.4 64.9 65.0 39.1 62.9 50.8 53.6 63.2 57.6 55.8 48.8 56.5 56.42000 52.7 57.1 54.7 47.2 66.9 59.7 53.9 60.6 61.9 62.5 65.0 37.9 62.9 50.3 53.9 63.3 56.6 55.6 47.8 56.5 56.5

1991-2000 53.7 56.8 : 52.8 67.3 60.7 54.6 59.2 61.1 57.5 63.4 42.1 61.1 49.9 55.0 64.4 57.0 : 51.2 : 56.7

2001 52.8 57.4 54.8 45.8 66.2 59.2 54.1 59.7 61.6 61.7 65.3 38.9 64.1 49.7 54.1 62.7 55.8 56.8 47.6 56.4 56.32002 51.9 56.9 55.8 44.8 66.1 58.5 54.0 59.3 61.8 61.5 64.5 39.0 61.1 50.0 53.5 62.6 55.0 56.9 48.4 56.0 56.02003 51.6 57.7 55.5 44.7 64.8 57.6 54.2 59.5 60.9 61.4 64.4 39.1 61.2 50.0 54.1 63.1 55.1 56.2 49.8 56.3 56.22004 50.8 57.4 55.8 44.0 64.0 57.9 54.1 59.1 61.5 62.7 65.2 37.8 63.1 49.4 53.9 63.5 54.2 56.9 49.5 56.0 56.02005 50.6 57.7 54.9 43.9 66.2 57.7 54.4 59.4 61.6 61.5 64.7 36.3 63.0 48.8 53.8 64.4 53.6 56.5 49.8 56.2 56.22006 50.5 56.9 54.6 44.1 64.2 57.3 54.2 59.5 61.4 64.2 64.4 34.0 63.5 47.2 53.2 64.5 51.4 56.3 50.0 55.7 55.72007 50.1 55.1 53.4 45.5 64.8 57.0 54.1 59.2 63.9 59.8 63.6 32.3 60.5 46.3 52.0 64.8 51.1 55.4 48.8 55.0 55.02008 51.2 55.3 54.1 48.7 67.4 56.8 54.5 59.6 66.8 58.0 65.0 32.9 58.8 45.6 51.8 66.2 51.2 56.5 49.6 55.3 55.32009 52.1 57.4 53.4 47.7 68.1 56.1 55.4 60.6 63.7 60.6 68.1 34.2 61.0 45.7 53.5 64.7 54.7 60.2 52.6 56.4 56.32010 52.0 56.1 52.2 47.6 69.4 57.2 55.4 61.0 65.0 63.8 64.0 32.2 57.8 45.4 53.5 65.8 56.0 57.9 53.2 56.2 56.1

2001-2010 51.4 56.8 54.5 45.7 66.1 57.5 54.4 59.7 62.8 61.5 64.9 35.7 61.4 47.8 53.3 64.2 53.8 57.0 49.9 56.0 55.9

2011 51.7 55.3 50.6 46.3 69.9 57.8 55.0 61.5 65.1 61.6 62.5 31.3 58.7 45.6 53.4 65.8 56.0 57.2 53.7 56.0 55.92012 51.9 55.8 51.0 45.4 69.9 58.8 54.7 61.6 66.6 60.9 62.3 32.2 57.1 45.5 53.5 66.3 56.9 57.2 54.6 56.1 56.12013 52.1 55.3 51.4 44.9 70.8 58.3 54.6 61.1 67.3 61.6 62.6 31.7 55.3 45.5 53.7 65.3 55.4 56.4 54.7 55.8 55.72014 51.7 54.2 50.5 42.8 70.2 58.6 54.3 60.8 69.5 61.3 62.3 30.9 51.0 45.3 53.4 65.9 54.4 55.7 55.3 55.3 55.22015 51.1 53.5 51.2 33.1 69.4 57.9 54.0 60.9 69.5 60.4 62.7 30.8 48.0 45.0 52.7 65.5 53.6 54.6 55.2 54.5 54.52016 51.2 53.0 51.4 33.4 69.2 57.5 54.4 60.5 68.7 60.1 64.0 30.4 46.2 44.6 52.3 65.3 53.3 54.6 55.1 54.3 54.22017 51.0 52.9 50.1 31.9 68.7 57.5 54.1 60.8 67.8 59.7 63.0 30.7 44.2 44.4 52.0 64.8 51.9 54.9 54.3 54.1 54.02018 50.9 52.5 49.9 30.9 68.0 57.7 54.1 60.7 67.5 58.8 62.6 30.6 43.9 44.2 51.7 64.9 50.8 54.4 53.5 53.8 53.82019 50.9 52.5 50.1 30.5 67.2 57.4 54.1 61.1 67.6 59.1 62.9 30.9 43.4 44.1 51.6 65.2 50.5 54.1 53.4 53.8 53.72020 51.0 52.2 50.2 30.2 66.2 57.2 54.2 61.2 67.6 59.8 63.2 30.9 43.0 44.2 51.6 65.3 50.4 53.8 53.4 53.6 53.6

2011-2020 51.3 53.7 50.6 37.0 69.0 57.9 54.3 61.0 67.7 60.3 62.8 31.0 49.1 44.8 52.6 65.4 53.3 55.3 54.3 54.7 54.7


35

National final uses

13. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices



1960-1970 : : 58.2 : : : : 53.3 : 63.6 : 58.7 : : : : 71.8 51.1 59.8

1971-1980 : : 53.7 : : : : 49.9 : 61.1 : 56.7 : : : : 69.0 50.7 60.6

1981-1990 : : 52.1 : : 55.9 60.3 48.5 : 61.7 : 57.5 : : : : 65.3 52.8 62.7

1991 56.9

1991 47.8 50.0 49.9 : : 58.2 62.4 48.9 : 62.8 : 57.3 : : : : 66.0 51.1 64.01992 57.9 52.0 50.0 : 57.8 60.6 64.4 49.2 : 63.7 : 57.7 : : : : 65.0 51.8 64.41993 64.9 50.4 49.8 : 59.8 61.9 65.4 50.1 : 64.3 : 57.9 : : : : 64.6 52.6 64.91994 65.4 49.7 50.9 : 58.1 61.4 65.2 49.2 : 64.2 : 57.7 : : : : 65.4 53.5 64.81995 57.9 49.0 50.6 66.5 54.0 59.2 69.5 47.4 56.1 64.3 57.3 57.2 : : 71.4 75.3 65.7 53.5 65.01996 74.5 49.6 50.2 64.0 53.1 61.1 73.1 47.5 56.4 64.6 57.6 57.5 94.1 : 73.1 75.3 62.9 53.3 65.01997 66.1 51.5 49.9 65.6 51.5 62.0 72.8 47.4 56.2 65.6 57.8 57.7 97.9 : 73.8 75.6 63.6 53.4 64.51998 56.4 50.6 50.1 62.5 51.8 61.8 77.5 46.8 56.1 66.2 57.8 57.7 94.6 : 73.3 77.5 64.7 53.7 64.81999 65.6 51.0 48.7 61.3 54.2 62.4 72.3 46.8 56.1 67.0 58.0 57.9 86.5 : 70.7 79.1 66.2 54.8 65.22000 66.1 50.6 47.1 61.6 54.3 63.6 68.8 46.8 56.2 66.8 58.1 58.0 82.7 85.0 75.5 75.7 67.3 54.4 66.0

1991-2000 62.2 50.4 49.7 : : 61.2 69.1 48.0 : 64.9 : 57.7 : : : : 65.1 53.2 64.9

2001 68.3 49.9 46.7 62.2 53.9 64.4 69.2 46.2 56.1 67.1 58.0 57.9 78.2 91.0 71.9 76.6 65.4 55.2 66.82002 68.0 49.9 46.9 63.1 54.5 66.3 68.7 46.4 55.8 66.9 57.8 57.6 80.0 98.2 77.3 75.4 64.4 55.9 67.12003 67.7 49.9 47.2 61.1 56.3 64.9 68.5 46.3 56.0 66.2 57.7 57.6 80.3 90.1 79.7 73.5 65.9 55.7 67.42004 68.1 48.9 47.7 60.1 54.9 64.2 70.2 45.8 55.7 66.1 57.5 57.4 77.2 88.8 81.0 75.7 65.0 55.5 67.22005 68.5 47.8 47.8 60.0 54.8 62.9 71.1 45.9 55.9 65.7 57.6 57.5 76.9 84.8 80.2 74.9 64.1 55.6 67.12006 66.6 47.0 47.4 58.7 53.4 61.9 68.8 44.8 55.4 65.1 57.1 57.0 77.6 93.8 79.0 75.9 62.3 55.9 67.02007 68.5 46.1 47.5 58.6 54.4 60.2 67.4 44.3 54.7 64.7 56.5 56.3 81.8 88.1 77.3 75.3 62.6 55.7 67.22008 65.6 47.4 47.4 58.1 53.6 61.8 63.9 44.6 55.1 65.3 56.6 56.5 83.1 89.9 78.6 75.2 61.6 56.6 67.82009 63.0 48.6 48.5 58.3 53.6 61.6 63.1 47.1 56.1 65.7 57.4 57.3 80.9 82.0 76.7 75.2 62.0 58.5 68.12010 63.8 49.0 47.6 58.7 52.5 61.6 63.8 46.4 55.8 65.2 57.2 57.1 78.1 81.8 75.5 75.5 63.1 57.8 67.9

2001-2010 66.8 48.4 47.5 59.9 54.2 63.0 67.5 45.8 55.7 65.8 57.3 57.2 79.4 88.9 77.7 75.3 63.6 56.2 67.4

2011 62.3 49.1 47.9 59.6 52.8 61.5 63.4 46.2 55.6 64.8 57.0 56.8 78.3 81.6 73.9 75.5 63.2 58.3 68.52012 65.4 49.2 48.0 60.1 53.9 61.5 63.6 46.5 55.8 65.3 57.3 57.1 78.0 82.7 73.9 75.5 62.4 58.6 68.02013 62.3 49.4 47.7 60.0 52.3 60.9 61.1 46.6 55.4 65.4 57.0 56.9 80.0 81.0 71.8 72.9 61.9 59.0 67.42014 62.6 48.1 47.2 58.7 50.4 60.0 61.5 46.1 54.9 65.0 56.5 56.5 80.8 80.2 69.8 73.5 60.8 58.4 67.52015 62.5 46.8 47.1 57.7 49.5 58.4 61.8 45.0 54.1 65.2 56.1 56.1 80.7 79.2 68.8 72.0 60.4 56.6 67.52016 60.9 47.0 46.9 57.0 49.8 58.5 62.5 44.8 53.9 65.6 55.8 55.7 81.0 76.8 66.9 70.9 59.8 55.7 68.22017 60.6 47.4 46.7 57.3 49.5 58.3 63.1 44.6 53.7 65.7 55.5 55.5 79.7 74.8 65.9 70.8 59.0 55.5 68.42018 61.9 47.7 47.3 57.5 49.1 58.2 62.4 44.1 53.5 66.1 55.4 55.4 79.7 74.0 64.3 70.2 57.6 55.6 68.12019 61.9 48.1 47.3 57.6 49.3 58.6 62.5 44.0 53.5 66.1 55.5 55.4 79.1 73.1 63.3 70.2 56.2 55.4 68.12020 61.9 48.5 47.4 57.8 49.6 59.0 62.9 44.1 53.5 66.1 55.4 55.3 78.7 72.3 62.8 69.5 55.6 55.2 68.2

2011-2020 62.2 48.1 47.4 58.3 50.6 59.5 62.5 45.2 54.4 65.5 56.1 56.1 79.6 77.6 68.1 72.1 59.7 56.8 68.0


36

National final uses

14. Private final consumption expenditure at current prices per head of population

(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))


1960 119.9 114.2 : 82.9 57.0 42.8 114.2 70.8 60.8 : : 156.8 48.2 91.9 85.1 42.1 : : 104.2 : 88.8

1965 108.1 114.5 : 78.2 58.4 55.4 114.5 78.6 52.0 : : 145.3 38.4 100.0 83.5 40.6 : : 114.3 : 92.4

1970 106.7 123.2 : 75.5 64.8 56.4 111.1 87.9 52.2 : : 137.5 43.7 110.7 81.4 44.5 : : 96.1 : 96.3

1975 116.3 129.0 : 63.1 58.3 67.7 117.1 78.2 39.4 : : 148.1 36.4 120.9 96.4 49.2 : : 106.4 : 99.5

1980 116.3 128.5 : 70.3 57.5 65.9 113.2 80.4 53.1 : : 147.4 44.4 117.9 99.9 35.3 : : 94.9 : 97.6

1985 101.1 121.6 : 73.4 56.0 58.7 109.8 92.1 52.8 : : 136.0 39.8 100.6 105.3 34.4 : : 117.7 : 95.6

1990 97.1 117.6 : 69.3 54.5 72.4 103.0 102.1 53.8 : : 137.9 38.8 90.2 103.8 42.6 : : 121.6 : 97.0

1991 96.4 116.8 : 67.5 55.5 74.6 98.4 104.5 57.0 : : 141.6 38.9 89.2 102.3 48.4 27.8 : 111.6 : 96.6

1991 97.5 109.4 : 68.3 56.1 75.4 99.5 105.7 57.7 : : 143.3 39.4 90.2 103.5 49.0 28.1 : 112.9 : 96.51992 98.1 113.9 : 69.6 57.6 76.0 100.3 104.2 58.5 1.9 2.9 140.1 38.9 90.6 106.7 53.7 27.8 : 91.9 : 97.61993 102.3 123.0 5.4 69.1 59.5 69.2 104.3 92.1 56.9 4.3 4.5 150.2 37.5 96.6 113.6 52.7 33.0 11.8 79.7 93.8 98.11994 104.8 123.7 7.4 71.6 60.2 65.9 103.4 90.9 58.4 7.8 6.3 155.3 38.6 97.4 114.3 52.1 34.6 12.3 85.4 93.6 97.81995 108.0 127.5 9.8 71.5 62.2 66.4 103.9 85.8 66.6 10.0 8.3 159.2 41.7 101.7 117.6 54.2 44.7 13.4 94.5 94.6 98.71996 103.2 121.0 13.1 76.7 64.5 67.1 102.3 93.1 65.9 11.4 10.3 151.4 43.3 100.1 114.2 54.6 43.7 14.5 91.7 93.9 97.81997 97.7 113.7 15.1 83.4 65.6 64.8 96.1 94.5 65.1 13.1 12.7 142.8 44.9 97.4 107.1 54.1 44.0 15.7 90.5 90.5 94.11998 97.1 110.9 16.5 84.2 64.3 65.3 96.0 94.7 67.0 13.4 13.8 140.0 45.6 99.5 105.8 54.6 45.3 16.3 90.8 89.9 93.51999 94.8 109.2 16.7 89.0 65.7 66.5 94.0 94.3 66.5 14.5 14.4 143.0 47.1 102.0 103.5 56.0 46.6 15.2 90.8 89.4 92.82000 94.0 105.1 17.1 95.2 62.7 67.4 92.6 93.3 68.2 16.1 16.4 141.7 50.2 101.2 101.7 55.9 44.2 16.3 89.1 87.9 91.2

2001 93.7 105.4 18.8 99.3 63.7 69.8 93.2 93.4 70.0 17.0 17.7 143.6 50.9 102.6 101.9 56.4 44.7 17.3 91.0 88.6 91.92002 92.7 103.3 21.0 103.8 66.5 71.0 93.0 93.7 70.5 18.1 19.1 146.9 49.0 104.1 100.7 57.5 46.3 18.7 92.5 88.5 91.72003 93.4 104.3 23.4 108.2 70.4 72.9 94.4 95.8 72.5 18.7 20.9 150.3 48.9 104.9 102.6 58.6 48.2 20.9 96.3 90.2 93.32004 93.2 102.4 25.4 108.1 72.5 74.6 94.1 94.7 75.4 20.7 22.5 147.5 49.0 102.9 102.3 59.1 48.2 23.5 96.1 89.7 92.72005 93.2 101.2 28.2 111.2 74.3 76.2 94.2 94.3 77.7 23.4 25.3 145.0 49.7 102.1 103.0 60.2 48.5 25.6 96.7 89.8 92.62006 93.3 100.2 32.6 114.1 75.7 77.6 94.0 94.1 79.4 29.8 28.3 144.9 50.3 100.7 102.9 60.8 48.2 28.4 97.8 89.8 92.52007 93.8 98.6 37.2 117.6 78.8 78.5 94.7 93.6 84.6 35.6 33.0 144.1 49.4 101.0 102.7 62.2 51.4 33.3 99.3 90.0 92.52008 98.4 101.9 38.8 118.1 85.5 80.1 98.0 95.4 93.7 37.7 38.6 149.0 51.2 104.4 106.3 65.2 55.9 40.1 105.1 93.1 95.42009 102.1 106.6 34.3 108.6 88.5 79.3 100.6 97.2 89.4 32.2 35.2 153.9 55.1 104.9 112.1 65.2 58.8 43.2 108.3 95.2 97.72010 102.5 106.1 34.0 103.1 83.0 78.3 100.1 96.4 89.1 31.9 34.1 150.1 54.2 103.0 111.5 65.9 58.4 42.4 109.3 94.4 96.8

2011 103.0 107.6 36.6 100.0 75.3 76.5 100.1 96.9 87.1 34.9 37.3 150.4 55.7 102.7 114.0 63.4 58.2 43.2 113.4 94.4 96.82012 102.7 108.0 39.0 97.8 68.4 73.9 98.4 93.0 84.8 37.3 39.3 151.0 55.1 100.2 114.2 60.0 56.3 43.5 113.9 92.7 94.92013 103.8 109.5 41.7 98.9 65.9 72.6 99.0 91.4 80.0 39.5 41.8 152.6 56.0 101.0 115.9 60.1 55.1 43.6 115.6 92.9 95.12014 102.0 108.5 42.5 99.1 63.5 72.2 97.1 89.4 79.1 40.0 42.8 152.1 55.0 99.5 114.8 60.5 54.7 43.1 114.7 91.7 93.82015 98.9 105.7 42.6 98.0 60.2 71.4 94.5 87.7 77.0 39.3 42.8 147.7 55.1 97.1 111.2 60.2 53.4 42.2 112.0 89.6 91.72016 102.1 108.0 44.9 101.9 60.1 73.5 96.4 89.4 79.1 40.7 46.0 147.4 55.7 98.5 113.1 62.6 55.3 43.4 114.9 91.7 93.72017 103.1 109.5 47.0 102.1 60.2 75.3 96.8 90.6 81.1 43.5 49.2 148.5 55.8 99.7 114.3 64.0 56.4 44.7 115.3 92.9 94.92018 102.6 109.5 49.5 103.3 59.8 76.2 96.9 90.1 82.2 46.0 51.5 150.9 57.3 101.2 115.2 65.0 57.6 46.0 115.6 93.2 95.12019 102.0 109.0 51.3 103.8 59.6 76.0 96.3 88.9 82.9 48.0 53.6 151.9 58.4 101.6 115.2 65.4 58.6 47.3 115.5 92.8 94.62020 101.7 109.2 52.5 104.4 59.6 75.9 96.0 88.2 83.3 49.9 55.5 151.7 59.4 101.7 115.5 66.0 60.2 48.4 115.5 92.8 94.5

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 D_W 4) ; 1960-91 including D_W

37

National final uses


(EUR 1); EU-15 = 100 2))

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 3) 4)

1960 : : 125.8 : : : : 173.9 : 137.7 : 100.0 : : : : 40.8 39.0 274.0

1965 : : 132.4 : : : : 167.0 : 122.3 : 100.0 : : : : 38.6 51.1 229.6

1970 : : 136.5 : : : : 166.2 : 104.3 : 100.0 : : : : 34.9 68.0 225.9

1975 : : 138.4 : : : : 155.2 : 91.0 : 100.0 : : : : 34.9 77.8 153.1

1980 : : 122.1 : : 17.9 16.7 131.5 : 104.6 : 100.0 : : : : 27.8 80.4 124.7

1985 : : 127.9 : : 35.0 43.4 126.5 : 114.6 : 100.0 : : : : 20.7 120.6 224.0

1990 : 14.1 114.6 : : 4.3 6.2 121.2 : 110.1 : 100.0 : : : : 20.6 111.6 130.0

1991 3.3 12.4 111.1 : : 7.0 4.4 125.6 : 111.7 : 100.0 : : : : 20.2 120.6 127.8

1991 3.3 12.6 112.4 : : 7.1 4.5 127.0 : 113.0 : 100.0 : : : : 20.4 122.0 129.31992 3.8 13.2 113.0 : 9.7 6.8 2.6 121.2 : 107.8 : 100.0 : : : : 19.0 122.9 124.41993 10.1 16.9 115.6 : 19.5 13.1 6.8 101.6 : 107.9 : 100.0 : : : : 23.3 157.3 144.01994 8.7 18.3 122.2 : 19.3 14.2 7.2 101.2 : 109.3 : 100.0 : : : : 15.8 166.5 142.91995 9.2 20.0 126.2 23.6 17.1 15.5 8.1 100.1 77.3 104.4 80.5 100.0 : : 12.1 : 18.1 162.8 131.41996 7.5 22.2 123.5 24.3 16.6 17.6 8.2 106.9 77.1 108.0 80.8 100.0 6.3 : 11.8 : 17.9 140.3 134.21997 6.5 22.6 120.1 26.9 17.3 18.9 8.4 103.8 74.7 128.0 81.1 100.0 4.8 : 10.6 : 19.8 136.0 148.41998 7.3 23.3 119.1 26.8 17.5 19.9 10.2 100.3 74.4 132.1 81.4 100.0 5.1 : 9.8 : 20.2 121.3 151.21999 7.7 22.8 115.8 23.0 18.5 19.7 8.2 101.8 73.9 135.3 81.3 100.0 6.2 : 9.6 13.7 19.0 139.5 159.62000 8.2 23.3 111.1 23.9 19.3 22.0 8.8 105.4 73.1 143.7 81.7 100.0 7.3 10.7 10.8 5.1 22.0 160.0 183.6

2001 9.4 25.3 110.2 25.8 21.8 24.6 9.6 95.7 74.0 141.5 82.2 100.0 7.7 13.5 10.1 9.6 15.3 143.0 190.02002 10.0 28.5 111.1 28.1 25.8 24.4 10.3 97.9 74.4 142.1 82.6 100.0 8.1 14.8 10.8 11.5 16.3 128.0 180.82003 10.7 28.7 112.6 28.9 27.8 21.7 10.8 100.9 75.7 133.4 82.7 100.0 8.7 14.9 11.5 12.2 18.1 113.7 156.12004 11.7 29.4 114.5 29.9 29.2 22.2 12.7 100.3 75.6 136.6 83.0 100.0 9.4 15.6 11.7 13.0 19.9 107.4 144.12005 13.1 31.8 116.3 31.4 30.6 25.1 16.4 98.8 76.3 136.9 83.7 100.0 10.3 15.7 12.3 13.9 23.3 102.8 147.22006 14.0 33.8 117.3 32.6 29.0 26.6 18.8 98.6 76.7 137.2 84.1 100.0 11.0 19.8 12.7 15.8 23.4 93.7 147.32007 16.7 35.6 117.1 34.4 31.9 28.6 23.7 99.7 77.6 137.1 84.9 100.0 12.4 22.2 13.3 18.6 25.4 82.4 135.42008 18.6 42.6 121.1 37.7 33.6 34.5 26.5 99.1 81.0 121.8 86.0 100.0 14.4 26.3 15.1 21.2 26.3 87.5 129.42009 18.8 41.8 123.2 37.1 30.6 30.8 23.6 95.3 82.0 110.5 85.5 100.0 14.5 24.1 15.4 20.2 24.1 103.7 139.42010 19.1 43.0 122.9 36.4 30.6 34.1 23.3 107.6 82.0 113.2 85.8 100.0 14.2 24.3 15.4 19.2 29.5 113.9 146.1

2011 20.2 44.3 123.2 36.0 31.0 35.0 24.0 114.6 82.4 112.2 86.1 100.0 14.4 24.8 15.6 21.4 29.3 116.0 141.52012 21.2 42.7 123.6 35.0 30.5 35.1 23.9 116.9 81.2 121.0 86.2 100.0 14.6 24.0 15.4 20.0 31.8 124.6 154.02013 20.3 41.9 124.2 34.9 30.5 35.3 24.8 119.7 81.5 119.6 86.3 100.0 15.0 24.8 16.0 21.0 32.8 100.8 152.12014 20.4 39.5 122.5 33.2 29.7 35.4 25.6 113.5 80.4 126.9 86.3 100.0 15.4 24.6 15.9 20.2 30.5 92.0 153.92015 20.9 39.6 119.8 32.4 29.5 34.6 26.4 109.1 78.7 138.4 86.3 100.0 15.2 24.6 16.0 19.2 31.6 92.6 182.52016 21.8 41.7 122.4 33.8 30.7 34.4 28.7 110.8 80.6 127.5 86.6 100.0 16.0 25.9 16.5 19.6 31.2 103.2 189.12017 23.1 44.9 123.9 35.5 32.8 37.1 31.5 110.1 82.1 121.6 87.2 100.0 16.8 27.2 16.6 20.6 29.0 97.9 189.02018 24.8 47.4 124.1 36.8 33.8 38.4 33.1 103.4 82.5 121.6 87.5 100.0 18.1 28.2 17.0 21.9 23.4 94.0 183.72019 25.7 48.4 123.6 37.5 35.5 39.6 34.5 101.1 82.4 124.2 87.9 100.0 18.9 28.5 17.1 22.8 22.0 95.7 193.52020 26.6 49.5 124.2 38.3 37.0 41.2 36.3 101.1 82.8 124.5 88.2 100.0 19.4 28.8 17.3 23.6 23.8 93.9 194.7

1) 1960-1998 ECU 2) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 3) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 4) 1960-91 including D_W

38

National final uses


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 101.5 122.4 : 88.0 70.8 70.6 89.1 88.2 : : : 131.9 : 108.3 102.0 52.6 : : 83.5 : 94.1

1965 96.8 120.2 : 81.1 77.6 83.1 89.9 92.6 : : : 134.1 : 108.0 99.7 56.5 : : 87.0 : 96.5

1970 94.5 116.6 : 80.5 88.0 84.4 93.0 104.1 : : : 113.6 : 109.8 98.0 59.7 : : 83.8 : 99.3

1975 98.0 116.8 : 76.5 90.5 89.7 94.2 102.6 : : : 127.1 : 103.8 104.1 63.5 : : 86.8 : 100.1

1980 102.9 122.5 : 80.0 94.6 83.0 95.5 106.3 : : : 126.8 : 102.1 107.2 64.0 : : 86.3 : 101.6

1985 105.3 122.8 : 73.8 84.9 78.0 97.0 105.3 : : : 133.0 : 95.4 109.6 61.9 : : 90.6 : 100.3

1990 100.9 118.0 : 77.7 86.6 82.2 95.6 105.5 75.0 60.9 47.5 141.4 : 93.1 106.9 71.8 63.9 : 89.2 : 99.7

1991 101.8 119.3 : 78.0 86.4 82.6 94.3 106.0 79.2 31.2 43.5 149.0 60.7 93.7 106.7 76.2 58.9 : 87.2 : 100.1

1991 102.9 111.7 : 78.9 87.4 83.5 95.3 107.2 80.1 31.5 44.0 150.7 61.4 94.7 107.8 77.0 59.6 : 88.2 : 99.91992 101.3 111.8 : 79.5 88.1 83.5 95.0 108.1 80.3 18.4 41.2 143.7 62.2 93.8 108.6 77.8 55.9 : 84.8 : 99.91993 99.2 111.6 27.6 79.3 86.9 82.2 94.6 106.4 74.5 22.2 37.4 142.2 63.3 94.6 108.4 78.5 61.2 36.0 83.8 96.2 99.31994 99.3 111.1 27.4 81.7 86.1 81.8 93.9 107.3 74.1 25.2 31.0 141.4 64.3 94.3 107.6 77.2 61.3 35.4 82.8 95.8 99.01995 99.4 110.5 27.3 82.4 86.3 81.4 93.5 108.3 87.0 29.6 31.2 139.4 69.0 94.9 107.0 76.6 66.1 36.4 82.1 95.9 98.81996 97.9 109.5 30.7 86.4 86.8 81.0 93.1 106.6 86.3 31.2 32.4 136.6 72.3 97.0 107.8 76.6 66.3 38.7 81.8 95.4 98.21997 97.0 107.5 34.0 86.9 87.0 81.8 91.6 107.2 84.5 32.9 33.0 135.0 72.8 98.5 105.9 76.5 66.7 40.5 82.9 94.9 97.61998 95.8 105.6 34.9 89.2 88.2 83.0 92.0 108.9 85.4 32.7 34.7 133.9 72.9 101.3 105.7 76.6 66.8 42.1 84.4 95.2 97.81999 94.3 106.0 33.5 90.2 86.4 83.3 91.4 108.3 84.6 33.7 35.6 138.3 74.2 104.2 103.8 78.5 68.9 41.8 84.8 95.2 97.82000 97.0 103.5 33.8 93.6 85.8 84.5 92.4 107.6 86.6 33.0 36.1 137.6 75.6 105.4 104.0 78.5 67.2 41.4 84.1 94.9 97.5

2001 96.4 104.0 35.5 94.0 87.4 85.7 93.8 105.0 88.8 35.2 38.9 136.9 74.5 104.1 101.4 77.2 66.6 44.3 83.4 95.0 97.52002 96.4 102.7 39.3 96.1 91.1 86.8 93.8 103.4 88.6 37.7 41.2 139.5 72.9 105.0 101.7 77.7 68.0 46.1 84.2 94.8 97.22003 95.6 104.5 43.1 96.7 92.3 86.2 91.1 103.1 88.2 40.4 46.4 139.9 76.0 101.7 103.7 78.5 69.5 47.4 86.2 94.7 96.92004 94.1 105.0 46.2 97.9 93.6 87.4 90.3 99.8 91.6 44.0 48.8 139.1 77.5 101.7 104.5 78.5 70.9 49.6 88.6 94.4 96.52005 93.9 104.2 50.3 98.8 94.2 88.9 92.4 99.0 95.2 47.4 52.3 137.7 78.1 102.2 104.9 81.5 71.4 52.2 88.7 95.0 96.92006 93.2 103.2 54.7 101.9 95.5 92.1 91.8 99.9 96.1 52.8 55.4 138.0 76.9 100.9 104.4 83.0 69.1 55.2 89.6 95.4 97.12007 92.8 102.4 58.7 106.8 95.3 93.2 92.6 100.5 105.4 54.4 60.9 136.0 75.6 102.1 102.9 83.6 70.8 58.6 92.4 95.9 97.52008 94.1 103.0 58.9 103.6 100.1 91.4 92.1 100.8 112.0 54.2 64.9 137.2 74.2 102.0 103.1 84.9 73.0 64.2 95.5 96.1 97.62009 96.4 105.5 53.3 96.7 100.8 88.6 93.6 101.2 105.2 49.8 60.2 136.9 77.7 99.3 106.7 83.5 73.2 67.3 97.0 96.6 98.12010 99.0 106.4 53.6 98.0 92.9 86.9 94.6 100.7 102.7 53.3 61.2 131.0 76.5 97.4 106.9 85.4 73.9 68.2 98.0 96.6 98.0

2011 98.7 108.8 57.1 95.9 84.1 85.4 94.8 101.8 99.4 56.1 65.8 132.5 77.3 97.9 109.3 81.2 74.3 68.0 100.7 96.9 98.32012 100.2 110.0 60.0 95.3 80.1 85.2 93.4 99.8 96.2 58.7 69.6 133.5 76.2 97.5 112.6 79.4 74.4 69.1 100.5 96.5 97.82013 100.3 110.1 62.1 94.9 81.3 83.8 95.0 96.5 90.7 61.5 73.4 132.7 75.6 98.6 113.2 80.1 72.7 69.2 99.4 96.3 97.52014 99.9 110.6 63.2 94.8 81.4 85.5 94.2 94.8 91.2 63.0 75.8 134.8 73.5 96.4 112.6 81.9 72.5 69.6 99.1 96.1 97.32015 99.2 109.0 63.6 97.1 79.3 86.2 93.8 95.3 93.1 63.4 77.0 134.5 73.7 96.2 111.8 82.5 72.0 68.9 99.0 95.8 97.02016 99.6 108.7 65.1 97.3 77.5 86.8 93.8 97.0 95.0 63.8 79.7 130.8 72.7 94.1 110.9 83.2 72.7 69.3 98.9 96.1 97.22017 98.7 108.7 65.7 95.9 76.8 87.9 93.5 97.4 95.9 66.3 82.1 129.0 71.8 94.4 109.6 82.5 73.4 69.5 98.4 96.2 97.22018 98.2 107.8 66.9 96.6 76.7 89.0 93.6 97.1 96.9 68.0 84.1 127.7 73.0 94.8 109.9 83.6 74.0 70.7 97.8 96.2 97.22019 98.2 107.3 68.4 97.5 77.3 89.2 93.8 97.1 98.5 70.6 86.6 129.0 74.2 94.9 110.0 84.7 75.1 72.3 98.3 96.3 97.22020 98.1 107.2 69.4 97.9 77.6 89.2 94.0 97.0 99.6 73.3 88.9 128.9 75.1 95.1 110.2 85.5 76.3 73.5 98.2 96.4 97.3

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

39

National final uses


(PPS; EU-15 = 100 1))


1960 : : 114.6 : : : : 122.0 : 122.0 : 100.0 : : : : 64.3 48.0 158.1

1965 : : 112.5 : : : : 119.0 : 112.0 : 100.0 : : : : 58.2 58.7 152.7

1970 : : 108.7 : : : : 113.1 : 100.6 : 100.0 : : : : 56.3 70.4 146.5

1975 : : 97.4 : : : : 106.0 : 99.0 : 100.0 : : : : 56.5 77.3 139.3

1980 : : 96.3 : : : : 97.9 : 92.8 : 100.0 : : : : 55.9 82.4 138.7

1985 : : 100.1 : : : : 97.7 : 98.9 : 100.0 : : : : 51.3 91.3 148.2

1990 : 65.7 89.1 : : 28.6 34.8 93.7 : 103.2 : 100.0 : : : : 52.1 98.0 149.7

1991 32.0 54.8 88.9 : : 32.3 27.7 93.4 : 101.3 : 100.0 : : : : 52.4 98.3 145.4

1991 32.3 55.4 89.9 : : 32.7 28.0 94.4 : 102.4 : 100.0 : : : : 53.0 99.4 147.01992 36.2 55.5 90.1 : 43.4 34.3 26.2 92.0 : 102.5 : 100.0 : : : : 53.6 99.8 148.81993 40.4 54.6 89.6 : 44.8 36.4 27.1 91.4 : 106.1 : 100.0 : : : : 56.7 101.3 152.41994 40.7 53.8 94.2 : 43.9 37.1 27.6 90.7 : 107.4 : 100.0 : : : : 52.3 101.5 153.11995 36.6 55.5 94.4 45.2 40.8 37.7 31.0 89.0 83.0 108.1 86.0 100.0 : : 29.4 : 54.6 102.4 153.31996 40.0 57.3 94.2 46.5 39.2 40.3 33.2 88.8 83.1 111.3 86.5 100.0 : : 29.6 : 53.8 102.6 154.01997 28.6 57.7 94.6 50.2 38.4 42.4 30.8 88.2 82.7 114.6 86.5 100.0 19.2 : 29.3 : 56.3 101.4 154.21998 25.3 55.1 94.5 47.8 39.4 43.1 31.4 87.2 82.8 113.6 86.5 100.0 19.5 : 29.2 : 42.1 97.7 155.31999 26.5 54.8 91.1 43.1 41.4 44.3 28.4 89.2 82.8 113.7 86.6 100.0 20.4 : 28.4 : 39.9 96.7 157.62000 27.7 53.7 88.7 44.8 42.4 44.6 26.5 90.1 82.6 115.3 86.6 100.0 21.3 33.9 30.5 28.5 41.7 95.5 157.4

2001 30.1 55.2 86.7 45.8 44.9 45.1 28.1 86.5 82.9 116.3 87.0 100.0 21.2 39.2 27.4 29.6 37.4 95.2 156.22002 31.9 55.2 87.6 48.7 48.3 47.6 30.0 86.6 83.4 117.7 87.6 100.0 22.7 42.9 30.0 31.2 36.1 95.5 155.32003 33.5 57.8 86.8 49.3 51.9 47.5 30.9 87.1 83.7 119.1 88.0 100.0 23.9 39.9 31.4 31.6 37.4 95.9 158.62004 35.4 58.4 90.3 50.1 51.3 49.2 36.3 88.4 84.0 120.9 88.5 100.0 24.1 40.4 33.4 35.1 40.1 96.6 161.02005 38.5 58.4 90.9 51.0 52.1 48.6 38.0 86.9 84.6 118.9 88.8 100.0 25.1 39.7 35.0 38.3 42.0 97.6 164.52006 38.8 58.1 92.2 53.3 51.0 48.9 41.4 87.5 85.2 117.3 89.1 100.0 26.6 51.2 35.8 40.4 43.8 96.0 161.62007 43.4 60.3 92.9 56.8 51.9 50.7 46.3 90.3 86.3 115.0 89.8 100.0 29.9 55.1 36.3 42.4 46.3 96.0 161.52008 44.5 63.2 94.2 58.3 53.4 54.5 51.6 89.9 87.3 114.5 90.6 100.0 32.9 59.9 39.8 45.8 47.2 94.5 157.72009 42.6 65.1 95.3 56.9 54.0 57.3 51.2 91.1 87.9 111.4 90.8 100.0 34.7 52.0 41.2 45.9 46.3 94.3 156.12010 44.5 64.2 97.4 55.3 53.8 60.9 51.5 91.9 88.2 111.6 91.2 100.0 35.8 53.1 40.8 45.9 51.7 95.7 156.4

2011 45.0 65.1 98.0 56.9 55.5 63.9 52.3 93.3 89.0 109.9 91.6 100.0 36.8 54.4 39.8 47.8 56.6 95.5 157.02012 48.0 64.8 97.5 57.6 56.4 65.6 54.6 94.3 89.1 112.1 92.0 100.0 37.2 52.0 39.9 47.7 57.9 98.2 158.62013 45.4 66.3 98.1 57.5 56.3 65.5 53.2 93.8 88.8 113.8 92.0 100.0 37.2 53.0 40.2 46.9 60.5 100.4 157.32014 47.4 67.0 97.6 56.1 55.5 65.6 54.8 92.7 88.8 114.8 92.1 100.0 39.3 53.3 40.5 46.6 63.0 98.2 160.22015 48.3 67.0 98.2 56.3 55.4 65.8 56.7 92.5 88.7 116.4 92.3 100.0 40.0 54.9 40.6 45.6 66.0 96.4 162.52016 48.7 68.0 97.5 57.5 54.9 65.8 61.2 90.2 89.1 115.7 92.5 100.0 39.5 56.3 40.9 45.5 64.7 93.5 162.02017 49.7 70.5 99.2 58.9 55.7 67.5 65.6 89.6 89.7 115.4 93.0 100.0 40.3 57.0 39.6 45.5 65.0 90.6 159.82018 51.9 71.9 100.3 60.3 57.4 70.0 67.0 88.6 90.1 115.6 93.4 100.0 41.4 58.4 39.1 46.6 63.4 90.5 160.52019 53.5 73.4 100.5 61.8 59.4 72.8 69.0 88.1 90.6 115.5 93.9 100.0 42.4 59.0 39.3 47.9 59.2 90.3 162.02020 55.2 74.8 100.9 63.2 61.1 75.3 71.4 88.0 91.2 115.1 94.3 100.0 43.3 59.5 39.8 49.0 59.7 90.0 162.5

1) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W 2) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 including D_W

40

National final uses

16. Private final consumption expenditure at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 3.7 5.1 : 3.4 7.1 7.3 5.4 6.4 : : : 4.4 : 6.2 4.1 5.3 : : 5.2 : 5.6

1971-1980 4.0 3.4 : 4.1 5.2 3.8 3.7 3.6 : : : 4.1 : 3.3 4.1 4.9 : : 3.3 : 3.6

1981-1990 2.0 2.1 : 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 : : : 2.9 : 1.2 2.3 4.0 : : 3.5 : 2.3

1991 3.0 4.4 : 1.8 2.8 2.9 0.7 2.6 : : : 7.0 : 2.7 3.0 8.3 -10.9 : -3.1 : 2.71992 1.9 3.2 : 2.9 2.3 2.2 1.1 1.6 : : : -2.3 : 0.7 3.5 3.6 -3.6 : -4.2 : 2.01993 -0.4 0.6 : 2.9 -0.7 -1.9 -0.1 -3.0 : : : 2.0 : 0.8 0.1 0.6 13.8 : -2.6 : -0.61994 2.4 2.0 0.9 4.4 2.0 1.1 1.7 1.5 : : : 4.0 : 2.0 2.0 0.8 4.0 : 2.6 : 1.81995 1.6 2.0 5.1 3.4 2.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 24.4 : : 1.9 : 2.7 0.9 1.7 9.1 5.4 5.0 : 1.91996 2.2 1.2 13.5 7.1 2.7 2.5 2.0 1.1 3.7 5.1 6.3 2.0 7.1 4.9 2.9 3.5 3.2 9.0 3.8 1.9 1.91997 1.8 0.8 12.5 6.4 4.5 2.9 0.5 3.3 2.5 5.2 5.6 2.6 1.6 4.2 0.4 3.3 2.9 7.8 3.4 1.8 1.81998 2.7 1.3 5.2 7.8 4.6 4.4 4.0 3.3 7.2 0.9 4.8 2.2 2.5 5.6 2.9 4.8 2.9 6.3 4.8 3.1 3.11999 1.7 2.6 0.9 9.4 3.5 4.9 3.5 2.5 4.2 3.7 5.0 6.0 6.1 6.0 2.4 5.3 6.5 0.0 3.4 3.3 3.32000 2.9 2.1 7.2 10.6 2.5 4.6 3.7 2.3 8.0 2.3 7.1 4.3 7.4 3.7 3.1 3.7 0.8 1.9 2.0 3.0 3.0

1991-2000 2.0 2.0 : 5.6 2.7 2.5 1.9 1.7 : : : 2.9 : 3.3 2.1 3.5 2.7 : 1.4 : 2.1

2001 1.0 1.6 6.5 4.6 3.6 3.7 2.5 0.6 5.5 5.1 4.2 3.8 2.4 2.0 1.3 0.9 2.4 5.0 2.9 1.9 1.92002 0.4 -0.8 9.4 3.7 5.1 3.0 2.1 0.0 3.1 6.1 6.2 4.4 -1.0 1.2 0.7 1.3 2.5 5.7 2.6 0.9 0.92003 0.5 0.1 9.1 2.9 4.5 2.4 1.5 0.8 4.4 8.1 11.3 2.3 4.5 -0.1 1.7 -0.3 3.4 2.9 4.2 1.1 1.02004 1.6 0.8 7.7 3.6 3.6 4.0 2.0 1.0 7.2 10.5 10.9 0.9 1.9 0.8 2.3 2.6 3.0 5.0 3.6 1.7 1.72005 1.2 0.4 9.3 7.1 3.2 4.0 2.4 1.3 3.9 10.0 11.6 -0.1 2.8 0.9 2.2 1.6 2.2 5.8 3.2 1.8 1.72006 1.5 1.5 12.7 6.7 2.8 3.8 2.1 1.4 3.9 19.4 9.1 2.8 2.9 -0.2 2.1 1.5 1.2 6.0 4.1 2.1 2.02007 1.9 0.0 9.0 6.6 4.1 3.3 2.6 1.2 9.7 10.2 12.4 2.3 0.7 1.9 1.1 2.5 6.4 7.5 3.5 1.8 1.72008 1.7 0.6 -4.9 0.3 3.6 -0.7 0.5 -1.1 8.2 -7.9 3.9 1.3 -0.2 0.9 0.9 1.4 2.4 6.0 2.1 0.3 0.32009 0.5 0.2 -15.3 -5.1 -1.7 -3.6 0.3 -1.6 -6.5 -16.0 -17.4 1.2 1.8 -1.9 0.9 -2.3 0.9 -0.5 -2.7 -1.1 -0.92010 2.7 0.4 -1.6 0.4 -6.5 0.3 1.9 1.2 3.0 2.8 -3.4 1.2 -0.2 0.1 1.0 2.4 1.3 0.4 3.1 0.8 0.8

2001-2010 1.3 0.5 3.8 3.0 2.2 2.0 1.8 0.5 4.2 4.4 4.5 2.0 1.5 0.6 1.4 1.1 2.6 4.4 2.6 1.1 1.1

2011 0.3 1.4 3.7 -1.6 -9.7 -2.4 0.6 0.0 -0.5 3.0 4.6 1.5 3.0 0.1 1.3 -3.6 0.0 -0.6 2.9 0.0 -0.12012 0.6 1.3 4.3 -1.1 -8.0 -3.5 -0.4 -3.9 -1.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 -0.5 -1.1 0.5 -5.5 -2.4 -0.4 0.3 -1.2 -1.22013 0.7 0.6 3.5 -0.2 -2.6 -3.1 0.5 -2.5 -5.7 5.1 4.3 2.0 2.1 -1.0 -0.1 -1.2 -4.1 -0.8 -0.5 -0.6 -0.62014 0.6 1.0 3.2 2.2 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.4 4.0 4.1 2.2 0.4 0.3 2.3 1.9 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.92015 0.9 1.7 4.4 3.6 -0.2 3.0 1.5 1.9 2.4 2.5 4.0 3.2 5.1 2.0 0.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.8 1.82016 1.7 2.1 4.4 4.1 0.0 2.9 2.1 1.3 4.5 1.4 5.0 1.7 2.4 1.1 1.4 2.4 3.9 2.9 2.2 2.0 1.92017 1.1 1.8 2.6 1.6 0.9 2.5 1.0 1.6 4.1 4.1 3.3 3.0 3.6 1.9 1.4 2.3 1.9 3.5 1.5 1.6 1.62018 0.6 1.0 4.7 3.0 1.1 2.3 0.9 0.6 3.7 4.5 3.9 4.2 7.3 2.5 1.6 2.5 2.2 3.0 1.4 1.3 1.22019 1.1 1.1 4.0 2.4 1.3 1.9 1.5 0.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 5.0 1.4 1.6 2.3 2.5 3.2 1.6 1.3 1.32020 1.3 1.6 2.9 2.3 1.2 1.6 1.7 0.8 2.8 3.6 3.2 2.5 4.1 1.6 1.6 1.9 3.2 2.9 1.4 1.5 1.5

2011-2020 0.9 1.3 3.7 1.6 -1.6 0.6 1.0 0.0 1.4 3.2 3.9 2.9 3.4 0.9 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.8


41

National final uses

16. Private final consumption expenditure at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 4.7 : : : : 3.7 : 2.5 : 4.8 : : : : 4.9 9.0 4.4

1971-1980 : : 1.9 : : : : 1.6 : 2.4 : 3.3 : : : : 5.1 4.7 3.2

1981-1990 : : 1.4 : : : : 1.7 : 3.7 : 2.5 : : : : 3.1 4.0 3.5

1991 : -17.5 1.6 : : 6.6 -16.3 0.2 : -0.5 : 2.0 : : : : 2.7 2.2 0.21992 1.0 4.4 2.6 : : 2.4 -7.5 -1.5 : 0.9 : 1.7 : : : : 3.2 2.1 3.71993 -0.8 1.4 -0.9 : : 5.4 0.9 -2.9 : 3.1 : -0.1 : : : : 8.6 1.0 3.51994 -2.6 3.8 6.7 : : 3.9 2.4 2.0 : 3.3 : 2.1 : : : : -5.4 2.3 3.91995 -0.5 5.5 1.7 : : 3.7 12.9 1.1 : 2.1 : 1.9 : : : : 4.8 2.5 3.01996 3.4 7.5 2.5 1.8 -2.5 8.6 7.6 1.8 2.1 3.8 2.4 2.2 : : 3.0 3.5 8.5 2.1 3.51997 -32.5 2.9 2.9 11.9 2.0 7.3 -4.6 2.8 1.9 4.8 2.4 2.3 -18.0 : 3.1 12.4 8.4 0.7 3.81998 -2.0 -0.6 2.4 -1.2 4.8 4.9 6.0 3.3 3.1 3.9 3.3 3.2 -5.4 : 3.3 3.1 0.6 -0.6 5.31999 7.3 3.1 -0.1 -2.9 6.7 5.5 -4.2 4.0 3.2 4.7 3.5 3.5 2.9 : 3.6 -12.2 -0.4 1.2 5.32000 8.0 1.6 0.4 3.2 3.1 2.9 1.5 5.2 3.0 4.6 3.3 3.3 6.2 : 11.2 8.0 4.5 1.6 5.1

1991-2000 : 1.0 1.9 : : 5.1 -0.5 1.6 : 3.0 : 2.2 : : : : 3.5 1.5 3.7

2001 7.7 2.9 0.2 4.1 4.5 2.0 8.3 0.7 2.0 3.7 2.3 2.2 4.0 : -10.1 6.2 -6.7 1.9 2.52002 5.8 3.0 1.4 8.0 7.9 3.9 7.1 2.6 1.2 3.8 1.7 1.6 7.2 : 9.9 7.7 4.0 1.2 2.62003 6.4 4.8 1.3 3.9 8.4 1.6 8.4 2.3 1.3 3.5 1.8 1.6 10.4 : 4.5 5.5 8.1 0.7 3.22004 9.4 3.5 4.6 4.0 2.1 4.2 15.8 2.8 2.0 3.2 2.3 2.1 3.7 : 7.5 11.2 9.6 1.3 3.82005 7.5 3.3 3.7 3.9 2.9 1.8 11.2 2.8 2.0 3.1 2.2 2.1 6.4 : 7.2 6.1 6.3 1.2 3.62006 8.6 3.8 2.9 3.3 1.6 4.8 10.2 2.7 2.3 1.6 2.2 1.9 6.9 : 3.7 10.5 3.7 1.0 3.12007 12.6 4.2 1.8 6.3 1.1 5.6 13.8 3.8 2.2 2.5 2.3 1.9 12.7 11.8 7.6 7.7 5.3 0.9 2.22008 3.4 2.9 0.5 1.3 -1.2 6.8 8.7 0.2 0.7 -0.6 0.5 0.1 10.1 11.2 4.8 4.5 0.3 -1.0 -0.22009 -4.5 -0.6 -3.4 -7.4 -6.6 3.6 -6.4 0.4 -1.1 -2.9 -1.4 -1.3 0.7 -14.2 -3.3 -3.3 -3.7 -0.7 -1.32010 1.4 1.1 0.8 -1.5 -2.7 2.7 -5.0 3.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.6 2.0 3.8 -0.6 10.8 2.4 1.7

2001-2010 5.7 2.9 1.4 2.5 1.7 3.7 7.0 2.2 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.3 6.3 : 3.4 5.5 3.6 0.9 2.1

2011 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 3.1 1.4 1.9 0.2 -0.6 0.0 -0.1 1.8 0.5 -5.4 1.4 12.3 -0.4 1.92012 3.0 -1.2 0.5 -3.0 -2.3 0.7 2.0 0.8 -1.0 1.5 -0.6 -0.6 0.1 -3.9 1.2 -1.7 3.2 2.0 1.52013 -2.5 0.5 0.3 -1.8 0.2 0.3 0.1 1.9 -0.5 1.8 -0.1 -0.1 1.8 1.6 1.9 -1.7 7.9 2.4 1.52014 2.7 1.8 0.9 -1.6 2.8 2.4 4.7 2.1 1.1 2.0 1.2 1.1 2.8 2.9 2.2 -0.1 3.0 -0.9 2.92015 4.5 3.7 2.3 1.1 3.9 3.0 6.0 3.1 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.0 1.2 2.2 4.4 -0.3 5.4 -0.2 3.72016 3.6 3.6 2.1 3.5 4.0 3.9 7.9 2.9 2.2 3.1 2.4 2.2 2.1 5.4 3.9 1.3 3.7 -0.1 2.72017 4.5 4.3 2.1 3.6 4.8 4.9 10.0 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.2 3.9 0.7 1.9 6.1 1.1 2.52018 6.4 3.2 2.3 3.5 5.4 4.4 5.2 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.3 2.9 4.5 2.9 3.3 1.1 0.4 2.62019 4.0 3.0 2.0 3.3 4.9 4.5 5.2 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.4 2.9 2.3 2.9 3.9 -3.6 0.6 2.62020 3.8 2.8 2.1 3.2 3.8 4.2 4.5 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.8 2.1 3.0 3.4 4.0 0.3 2.1

2011-2020 3.2 2.2 1.5 1.2 2.8 3.1 4.7 2.0 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.0 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.1 4.2 0.5 2.4


42

National final uses

17. Final consumption expenditure of general government at current prices



1960-1970 15.7 14.6 : 13.8 12.7 9.0 15.9 14.5 7.5 : : 11.3 15.1 17.2 13.4 10.7 : : 13.7 : 14.6

1971-1980 20.4 18.5 : 17.9 14.2 11.3 19.2 16.1 10.2 : : 14.3 15.9 21.3 16.2 12.4 : : 16.8 : 17.7

1981-1990 22.3 19.3 : 18.9 17.5 15.3 22.0 18.3 11.9 : : 16.2 15.5 22.6 18.4 14.3 : : 19.5 : 19.6

1991 17.8 19.4

1991 20.7 18.5 : 18.3 16.5 17.0 21.7 19.7 14.2 8.9 11.9 15.3 16.0 21.9 18.2 16.9 17.4 20.4 23.9 : 19.61992 20.8 19.0 : 18.7 15.9 17.8 22.3 19.6 14.7 10.4 14.3 15.9 16.5 22.4 18.5 17.0 18.6 25.3 24.3 : 19.91993 21.1 19.1 21.7 18.5 16.6 18.4 23.4 19.5 13.0 17.5 17.0 15.8 17.6 22.7 19.3 17.7 19.3 24.0 23.3 20.3 20.31994 20.9 19.1 24.5 18.3 16.0 17.8 23.2 18.8 12.8 17.5 21.5 15.4 17.8 22.5 19.4 17.5 18.5 20.5 22.4 20.0 20.01995 21.1 19.1 25.9 17.2 17.8 17.7 23.2 17.5 12.4 23.5 24.0 15.9 18.0 22.4 19.6 17.6 18.0 20.3 21.9 19.9 19.91996 21.5 19.4 22.8 16.6 17.6 17.5 23.5 17.7 13.1 21.9 24.1 16.1 19.1 21.4 19.6 17.8 17.8 22.5 22.2 20.0 20.01997 21.0 19.0 20.6 16.1 17.7 17.1 23.4 17.8 14.8 21.0 24.2 16.3 18.4 21.0 19.6 17.7 17.7 20.5 21.4 19.7 19.71998 20.9 18.8 20.3 15.5 17.5 16.9 22.6 17.7 16.1 22.7 25.9 15.8 18.3 20.8 19.6 18.0 17.7 21.1 20.6 19.4 19.41999 21.0 18.9 21.6 14.9 18.0 16.8 22.6 17.7 16.1 22.5 23.7 15.3 17.8 20.6 19.8 18.2 17.9 19.3 20.3 19.4 19.42000 20.9 18.7 19.1 14.7 18.3 16.7 22.3 17.9 15.1 20.7 22.4 14.8 17.7 20.6 19.2 19.0 18.5 19.4 19.8 19.3 19.3

1991-2000 21.0 19.0 : 16.9 17.2 17.4 22.8 18.4 14.2 18.7 20.9 15.7 17.7 21.6 19.3 17.7 18.1 21.3 22.0 : 19.8

2001 21.3 18.6 18.3 15.4 18.7 16.6 22.1 18.4 15.9 20.5 21.1 15.8 19.0 21.0 19.0 19.4 18.9 19.9 20.0 19.4 19.42002 21.9 18.8 17.9 15.8 19.2 16.6 22.7 18.6 16.6 20.5 20.6 16.2 18.8 22.1 18.8 19.7 18.7 19.6 20.7 19.7 19.72003 22.4 19.0 17.7 16.0 19.0 16.8 23.1 19.0 17.9 21.0 19.6 16.8 18.8 22.9 19.0 20.2 18.8 19.9 21.2 20.0 20.02004 22.0 18.5 17.3 16.1 19.2 17.2 23.0 19.2 16.6 19.8 19.2 17.0 19.1 22.5 18.9 20.5 18.7 18.5 21.3 19.9 19.92005 22.1 18.4 16.8 16.0 20.0 17.3 23.1 19.6 16.5 17.8 18.5 17.1 18.1 22.3 19.3 21.1 18.7 18.3 21.5 20.0 20.02006 21.9 18.0 15.8 16.2 20.2 17.4 22.8 19.4 16.9 17.2 19.1 15.9 18.6 23.2 19.3 20.5 18.4 18.8 21.4 19.8 19.82007 21.6 17.5 16.0 16.9 20.5 17.7 22.4 18.9 16.4 17.6 17.4 15.2 17.9 23.2 18.7 19.8 17.3 17.2 20.9 19.5 19.62008 22.6 17.9 18.6 18.8 20.7 18.8 22.6 19.4 17.1 19.8 18.7 15.7 19.7 23.5 19.3 19.9 18.0 17.6 21.7 20.0 20.02009 24.0 19.6 21.1 20.1 23.3 20.5 24.1 20.6 18.8 19.0 21.2 17.5 19.8 26.0 20.7 21.4 20.1 20.2 24.2 21.7 21.72010 23.6 19.1 20.1 18.8 22.2 20.5 24.0 20.4 18.4 18.4 19.8 17.0 19.5 26.2 20.5 20.7 20.3 19.6 23.9 21.4 21.4

2001-2010 22.3 18.5 18.0 17.0 20.3 17.9 23.0 19.4 17.1 19.2 19.5 16.4 18.9 23.3 19.3 20.3 18.8 19.0 21.7 20.1 20.2

2011 23.8 18.7 18.6 18.3 21.8 20.5 23.7 19.6 19.0 18.2 18.3 16.7 19.7 25.8 19.9 19.9 20.4 18.8 23.6 21.0 21.02012 24.3 18.8 18.4 17.7 21.7 19.7 24.0 19.6 18.6 17.4 17.5 17.4 20.2 26.0 19.9 18.5 20.2 18.2 24.4 21.0 21.02013 24.5 19.2 18.8 16.9 20.4 19.7 24.1 19.7 18.1 17.6 16.7 17.3 19.3 25.8 19.9 19.1 19.5 18.4 24.7 21.1 21.22014 24.3 19.2 19.1 16.0 20.3 19.5 24.1 19.3 16.4 17.5 16.6 16.7 18.9 25.7 19.8 18.6 18.6 18.9 24.7 21.0 21.02015 23.9 19.3 20.0 12.3 20.3 19.3 23.8 18.9 16.1 17.9 17.2 16.8 17.5 25.0 19.8 18.1 18.5 19.3 24.4 20.6 20.72016 23.4 19.5 20.3 12.3 20.1 18.9 23.8 18.7 15.3 18.0 17.0 16.7 16.1 24.7 19.7 17.9 18.8 19.4 23.9 20.5 20.62017 23.3 19.5 19.9 12.1 19.8 18.5 23.6 18.7 15.1 18.0 16.4 17.0 15.3 24.2 19.6 17.5 18.2 19.5 23.0 20.4 20.42018 23.3 19.6 19.7 11.9 19.1 18.4 23.3 18.8 15.1 17.7 16.3 17.1 16.3 24.0 19.2 17.3 17.8 19.5 22.7 20.3 20.32019 23.2 19.9 19.9 12.2 19.4 18.4 22.9 18.8 15.3 17.4 16.3 17.2 17.3 24.4 19.1 17.2 18.0 19.7 22.7 20.3 20.42020 23.3 20.0 19.8 12.0 19.0 18.3 22.7 18.8 15.6 17.2 16.1 17.4 17.6 24.5 19.0 17.0 17.9 19.9 22.7 20.3 20.3

2011-2020 23.7 19.4 19.4 14.2 20.2 19.1 23.6 19.1 16.5 17.7 16.8 17.0 17.8 25.0 19.6 18.1 18.8 19.1 23.7 20.6 20.7


43

National final uses

17. Final consumption expenditure of general government at current prices



1960-1970 : : 17.4 : : : : 17.5 : 16.7 : 15.2 : : : : 7.2 11.5 16.6

1971-1980 : : 23.9 : : : : 24.0 : 18.3 : 18.2 : : : : 9.3 13.6 16.7

1981-1990 : : 25.2 : : 13.1 5.0 25.8 : 17.8 : 19.6 : : : : 7.8 14.2 16.0

1991 19.4

1991 17.5 18.3 24.2 : : 24.6 13.6 26.1 : 17.3 : 19.5 : : : : 10.3 13.7 16.31992 18.7 20.7 24.2 : 25.7 23.3 12.8 27.3 : 17.8 : 19.9 : : : : 10.8 14.1 16.11993 17.4 20.9 25.3 : 27.7 21.9 11.0 27.5 : 17.3 : 20.1 : : : : 10.9 14.6 15.61994 15.8 21.4 24.4 : 25.4 18.9 12.3 26.4 : 17.1 : 19.9 : : : : 9.7 15.0 15.21995 15.4 20.4 24.1 25.0 22.8 18.9 12.2 25.5 20.1 16.8 19.7 19.7 : : 17.3 17.3 9.0 15.4 14.91996 14.0 19.7 24.1 22.5 21.6 18.5 11.7 25.9 20.2 16.4 19.7 19.7 9.5 : 16.9 18.0 9.7 15.4 14.51997 12.3 20.3 23.6 21.7 21.2 18.1 12.7 25.4 19.9 15.9 19.3 19.3 10.4 : 18.4 20.8 10.3 15.6 14.21998 18.5 19.3 24.1 22.7 20.8 17.7 11.9 25.5 19.7 15.8 19.0 19.0 10.8 : 18.8 18.8 10.6 16.0 14.01999 19.7 20.2 24.4 23.5 21.1 17.9 16.7 25.4 19.7 16.3 19.1 19.1 11.1 : 19.1 18.0 12.7 16.5 14.02000 20.0 19.9 23.9 21.3 21.0 18.1 16.9 24.5 19.6 16.5 19.0 19.0 9.7 15.5 16.9 18.2 12.0 16.9 14.0

1991-2000 16.9 20.1 24.2 : : 19.8 13.2 25.9 : 16.7 : 19.5 : : : : 10.6 15.3 14.9

2001 19.6 19.8 24.3 19.2 20.9 18.7 15.8 24.7 19.6 17.1 19.2 19.2 10.6 17.8 23.8 19.5 12.7 17.5 14.52002 19.4 21.3 24.9 18.9 21.7 18.6 14.8 25.4 20.0 17.9 19.6 19.6 11.3 17.6 20.8 21.5 12.9 18.1 15.02003 20.3 22.3 25.0 18.4 22.9 18.9 16.0 25.7 20.3 18.5 20.0 20.0 11.1 18.9 18.1 22.0 12.7 18.2 15.22004 19.5 21.0 24.9 18.4 22.0 18.3 14.7 25.0 20.1 19.2 19.9 20.0 11.2 18.6 17.4 20.8 12.4 18.1 15.22005 18.3 20.7 24.5 18.3 22.1 18.3 16.2 24.8 20.2 19.4 20.0 20.1 11.0 21.2 16.2 19.5 12.3 18.1 15.12006 18.3 20.2 24.2 18.3 22.0 18.5 15.9 24.5 20.0 19.5 19.9 20.0 10.5 19.1 16.5 20.4 13.0 18.0 15.02007 16.7 19.4 24.3 18.9 20.8 18.1 15.4 24.0 19.7 19.2 19.6 19.7 10.5 19.9 16.8 20.7 13.5 17.9 15.22008 17.1 19.4 25.1 18.5 21.3 18.6 15.9 24.6 20.1 20.0 20.1 20.3 10.4 22.2 18.6 20.1 13.7 18.4 16.02009 16.7 21.0 27.9 20.3 22.0 18.7 16.1 26.1 21.7 21.5 21.7 21.9 11.1 21.9 19.1 19.5 15.8 19.6 16.82010 16.5 20.8 27.4 20.2 21.5 19.1 15.5 25.2 21.5 21.2 21.4 21.6 11.2 22.1 18.3 19.1 15.0 19.5 16.7

2001-2010 18.3 20.6 25.3 18.9 21.7 18.6 15.6 25.0 20.3 19.4 20.2 20.2 10.9 19.9 18.6 20.3 13.4 18.3 15.5

2011 15.8 20.2 26.6 20.2 20.7 18.1 14.3 25.2 21.0 20.6 21.0 21.2 11.0 21.1 18.1 18.9 13.7 20.2 16.22012 15.8 19.8 26.5 20.3 20.0 17.9 14.5 25.9 21.1 20.4 21.0 21.2 10.8 21.1 18.6 19.0 14.2 20.3 15.52013 17.0 20.2 26.0 20.2 19.7 18.1 14.1 26.3 21.2 19.7 20.9 21.2 11.0 19.5 17.5 17.9 14.1 20.2 15.12014 16.8 19.7 25.8 20.6 20.0 18.2 14.2 26.2 21.0 19.4 20.8 21.0 11.5 19.4 17.1 18.1 14.1 20.2 14.62015 16.1 19.2 25.5 19.9 19.8 18.0 13.7 25.9 20.7 19.0 20.4 20.6 11.1 19.2 17.0 16.4 13.9 19.8 14.32016 15.7 19.3 25.0 19.4 20.2 17.9 15.1 26.3 20.6 18.7 20.3 20.5 11.3 19.6 15.4 16.0 14.8 19.9 14.22017 15.6 19.2 24.6 19.5 20.2 17.7 15.7 26.1 20.5 18.3 20.1 20.3 11.5 18.4 14.9 16.2 14.5 19.7 14.02018 16.5 19.9 24.6 19.7 19.1 17.7 16.6 26.1 20.4 18.2 20.1 20.3 11.2 18.7 15.2 16.7 14.4 19.7 13.92019 16.8 20.2 24.5 19.9 18.7 17.8 17.5 26.0 20.4 18.4 20.1 20.3 11.0 18.3 15.0 17.3 15.4 19.7 13.92020 16.6 20.2 24.3 19.9 18.6 17.8 17.5 25.7 20.4 18.5 20.1 20.3 11.1 18.2 14.8 17.8 15.6 19.7 13.8

2011-2020 16.3 19.8 25.3 20.0 19.7 17.9 15.3 26.0 20.7 19.1 20.5 20.7 11.1 19.3 16.4 17.4 14.5 19.9 14.6


44

National final uses

18. Final consumption expenditure of general government at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 5.5 4.4 : 4.5 6.3 4.3 5.5 5.9 : : : 3.4 : 3.1 3.1 8.5 : : 5.1 : 5.0

1971-1980 4.1 4.3 : 6.3 6.2 5.5 4.8 4.1 : : : 3.0 : 4.2 3.4 7.7 : : 5.0 : 4.5

1981-1990 1.0 0.8 : 0.1 1.4 5.0 2.8 3.2 : : : 4.4 : 2.1 1.6 4.9 : : 3.6 : 2.3

1991 3.6 3.3 : 2.7 -1.5 6.0 3.5 2.3 : : : 4.0 : 2.6 3.0 10.6 -0.3 : 1.7 : 3.31992 1.5 5.4 : 3.0 -3.0 3.5 3.3 1.5 : : : 3.2 : 2.5 3.0 1.0 -1.7 : -3.2 : 3.11993 -0.2 0.5 : 0.1 2.6 2.7 3.5 -1.0 : : : 5.2 : 2.2 3.8 0.5 5.3 -1.1 -3.8 : 1.21994 1.4 3.1 4.2 4.1 -1.1 0.5 0.3 -1.3 : : : 1.0 : 2.0 3.0 2.3 2.1 -10.7 0.2 : 1.21995 1.5 2.2 13.5 3.9 5.6 2.4 0.0 -3.1 -10.9 : : 4.7 : 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 3.6 3.0 : 0.91996 1.4 2.4 -5.3 3.5 5.3 1.2 2.3 1.0 7.2 -5.4 0.1 6.1 8.4 -1.2 1.1 2.9 2.7 11.4 2.1 1.9 1.81997 0.6 0.8 -1.3 6.7 -3.2 2.7 1.0 0.5 11.0 3.5 4.5 2.6 -1.1 3.2 2.7 2.6 4.5 1.0 3.3 1.3 1.21998 1.8 2.1 1.9 7.3 2.6 3.4 -0.7 1.0 14.7 12.9 5.1 2.7 -4.0 4.0 3.0 6.7 3.9 6.1 2.0 1.6 1.61999 2.7 1.2 0.3 5.6 3.6 3.9 1.6 1.5 3.5 -0.3 -4.4 7.2 -0.6 2.2 3.3 3.4 4.3 -6.8 1.7 1.8 1.92000 3.0 1.4 -3.4 8.4 3.6 4.4 1.8 3.1 -3.2 -3.3 0.1 3.9 5.4 3.3 0.2 4.4 3.8 4.6 1.3 2.3 2.3

1991-2000 1.7 2.2 : 4.5 1.4 3.1 1.7 0.5 : : : 4.1 : 2.3 2.6 3.6 2.7 : 0.8 : 1.9

2001 1.0 0.5 3.2 10.1 4.8 3.8 1.0 4.2 7.6 5.5 1.5 7.6 0.7 4.5 -0.3 3.6 2.8 5.5 2.3 2.1 2.12002 2.7 1.2 3.2 6.8 2.7 3.9 1.8 1.2 5.0 4.0 2.1 4.8 3.0 4.4 0.8 2.6 3.2 3.5 2.4 2.0 2.02003 1.4 0.5 4.0 2.9 3.0 4.9 1.9 1.3 7.8 4.0 3.4 4.1 2.9 2.8 1.0 1.6 2.7 5.8 1.3 1.8 1.72004 1.6 -0.8 3.0 1.6 4.1 6.3 2.2 1.0 -1.8 3.6 4.2 3.5 0.1 -0.5 1.5 2.9 2.7 -2.8 1.5 1.3 1.32005 0.6 0.5 3.0 4.4 4.1 5.6 1.3 0.6 2.3 3.0 3.6 2.7 -1.6 1.2 2.3 2.7 2.7 7.0 1.9 1.6 1.52006 1.0 1.0 5.5 5.0 6.8 5.0 1.3 -0.4 7.2 6.1 2.1 1.9 4.9 8.3 3.3 -0.2 3.1 9.2 1.1 2.1 2.02007 1.9 1.5 6.6 6.7 5.4 6.2 1.8 0.4 3.4 3.3 1.9 3.8 0.9 3.1 1.4 0.6 1.9 0.3 1.3 2.2 2.22008 2.9 3.4 4.6 1.4 -2.3 5.9 1.1 1.0 6.4 2.4 0.2 1.4 12.3 3.2 3.7 0.4 4.9 6.5 1.6 2.4 2.42009 1.1 3.0 -3.2 -2.5 2.0 4.1 2.4 0.4 6.3 -10.7 -1.3 3.7 -3.3 4.7 2.5 2.6 2.4 6.2 1.6 2.4 2.42010 1.0 1.3 -0.4 -4.5 -4.2 1.5 1.3 0.6 -0.3 -8.1 -3.2 1.4 1.6 0.9 0.0 -1.3 -0.5 1.7 -0.1 0.8 0.8

2001-2010 1.5 1.2 2.9 3.1 2.6 4.7 1.6 1.0 4.3 1.2 1.4 3.5 2.1 3.2 1.6 1.5 2.6 4.2 1.5 1.9 1.8

2011 1.2 0.9 1.3 -1.8 -7.0 -0.3 1.1 -1.8 1.5 3.0 -0.4 0.8 3.4 -0.4 0.1 -3.8 -0.7 -1.8 -0.1 -0.1 -0.12012 1.4 1.1 3.2 -2.6 -6.0 -4.7 1.6 -1.4 -2.5 0.3 1.3 3.5 5.7 -1.2 0.1 -3.3 -2.2 -2.1 0.5 -0.3 -0.32013 0.3 1.4 2.7 -0.8 -6.4 -2.1 1.5 -0.3 -4.8 1.6 0.7 3.8 -0.4 0.0 0.8 -2.0 -2.1 2.2 1.1 0.4 0.42014 0.6 1.6 1.9 3.9 -1.4 -0.3 1.3 -0.7 -7.5 1.9 0.3 1.9 6.6 0.6 0.8 -0.5 -1.2 5.2 -0.5 0.7 0.72015 0.6 2.9 3.0 1.9 1.6 2.0 1.0 -0.6 -0.5 1.9 0.2 2.8 3.7 -0.1 0.8 1.3 2.4 5.4 0.2 1.3 1.32016 -0.2 4.0 2.2 3.5 -0.7 1.0 1.4 0.1 -0.8 3.9 -0.1 2.5 -2.8 1.3 1.8 0.8 2.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.82017 0.6 1.6 0.6 3.7 -0.4 1.9 1.3 0.3 3.1 4.1 -0.4 3.1 2.1 1.1 1.5 0.2 0.5 1.7 -0.4 1.2 1.22018 0.8 1.0 0.3 5.8 -2.5 2.1 1.1 0.2 4.3 4.0 0.6 4.0 11.7 1.4 0.2 0.8 2.6 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.12019 0.7 2.0 1.1 5.9 3.1 1.7 1.0 -0.1 3.6 1.5 0.6 2.7 11.5 2.4 0.9 0.8 2.5 2.5 1.2 1.4 1.42020 1.2 1.7 0.7 1.8 0.4 1.5 1.1 0.5 4.0 1.3 0.5 3.0 6.3 2.3 0.7 0.5 2.2 2.4 0.3 1.3 1.3

2011-2020 0.7 1.8 1.7 2.1 -2.0 0.3 1.2 -0.4 0.0 2.3 0.3 2.8 4.7 0.7 0.8 -0.5 0.6 1.9 0.5 0.9 0.9


45

National final uses

18. Final consumption expenditure of general government at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 6.1 : : : : 5.7 : 2.4 : 4.5 : : : : 6.5 4.8 3.5

1971-1980 : : 3.4 : : : : 3.2 : 2.4 : 4.1 : : : : 4.3 4.8 1.0

1981-1990 : : 0.5 : : : : 1.6 : 0.8 : 2.0 : : : : 8.8 3.8 2.8

1991 : -3.5 1.7 : : 9.6 10.6 4.2 : 3.0 : 3.2 : : : : 3.7 4.1 1.71992 -14.9 6.7 0.7 : -1.1 5.9 2.2 2.3 : 1.0 : 2.7 : : : : 3.6 2.7 0.71993 -12.5 1.5 4.3 : 9.8 2.4 2.7 0.2 : -0.6 : 1.0 : : : : 8.6 3.2 -0.11994 -11.9 3.7 2.0 : -7.4 1.2 11.0 -1.1 : 1.1 : 1.2 : : : : -5.5 3.5 0.51995 -8.1 -1.6 2.2 : -6.7 4.8 1.0 0.3 : 1.4 : 1.0 : : : : 6.8 3.9 0.31996 -23.7 -0.4 3.0 -2.8 -3.1 2.7 0.2 -0.1 1.7 0.7 1.6 1.6 : : 0.2 2.0 8.6 2.3 0.41997 -29.7 3.3 0.5 3.1 -0.9 2.9 4.3 -0.5 1.2 -0.4 1.0 0.9 -11.7 : -2.4 9.0 4.1 1.4 1.81998 43.9 -2.5 3.1 3.9 0.2 2.0 -7.1 3.8 1.7 3.6 2.0 2.0 -9.1 : 3.8 1.7 7.8 1.2 1.91999 -6.3 3.1 3.3 2.4 1.3 3.2 18.8 1.7 1.9 3.3 2.1 2.1 -0.2 : 4.4 -1.6 5.1 3.5 2.72000 2.8 -0.6 2.9 -3.4 1.6 7.9 -1.7 -0.9 2.2 3.1 2.4 2.3 -10.0 : -2.6 10.0 4.5 3.9 1.5

1991-2000 : 0.9 2.4 : : 4.2 4.0 1.0 : 1.6 : 1.8 : : : : 4.7 3.0 1.2

2001 1.0 2.6 1.9 -4.2 3.5 3.8 -3.8 0.2 2.0 4.3 2.4 2.4 9.7 : 35.5 4.4 0.4 3.4 3.52002 0.4 8.1 2.1 5.9 5.4 2.0 -2.5 2.1 2.1 4.0 2.4 2.3 5.3 : -15.8 5.0 5.7 2.7 3.82003 7.9 6.0 0.2 2.1 5.0 3.5 -12.4 0.7 1.7 4.1 2.1 2.1 -0.7 : -14.3 3.3 0.5 1.8 1.82004 4.7 -1.8 1.5 3.2 2.3 3.8 1.1 -0.2 1.3 4.2 1.8 1.7 4.3 : -0.7 3.9 6.6 1.2 1.52005 0.7 1.0 1.2 3.1 3.2 3.5 7.2 0.4 1.6 4.0 2.0 1.9 -1.5 : 1.1 1.9 3.6 0.8 0.82006 5.5 0.6 2.5 5.2 1.3 5.5 -2.4 1.6 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.0 -2.4 : 5.2 7.5 10.2 0.1 1.22007 -1.1 0.6 1.2 6.5 -6.8 3.0 2.2 0.5 2.0 1.0 1.8 1.9 3.4 10.8 3.7 0.9 7.0 1.2 1.62008 1.8 1.1 3.3 -0.7 3.1 4.4 5.9 1.3 2.5 1.8 2.4 2.3 4.4 1.6 10.2 3.5 3.5 -0.1 2.42009 -5.9 2.8 3.0 2.1 1.4 3.5 -4.1 2.3 2.3 1.1 2.2 2.2 3.7 0.6 0.2 -1.7 8.1 2.0 4.12010 2.0 0.5 1.6 -0.6 -0.4 3.1 -1.6 1.3 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.7 4.0 -0.4 -3.6 0.0 1.7 1.9 0.1

2001-2010 1.6 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.7 3.6 -1.2 1.0 1.8 2.6 2.0 2.0 3.0 : 1.3 2.8 4.7 1.5 2.1

2011 2.2 -3.2 -0.6 -0.4 0.2 -1.8 -1.2 0.8 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.7 -0.3 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.9 -3.02012 -2.0 -2.0 0.8 -0.8 -1.4 -0.3 7.5 1.1 -0.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.0 2.4 0.4 6.8 1.7 -1.52013 0.6 2.5 -0.1 0.6 4.2 2.5 -2.9 1.3 0.5 -0.2 0.4 0.3 2.9 1.3 0.5 -2.1 8.0 1.5 -1.92014 0.2 1.1 1.9 1.8 5.2 4.3 3.5 1.5 1.0 2.2 1.1 1.0 6.4 1.4 3.0 0.9 3.1 0.5 -0.82015 1.3 1.9 1.7 -1.0 1.3 2.3 -0.3 2.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 -1.1 1.9 3.9 -3.7 3.9 1.5 1.72016 2.2 2.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.2 3.6 1.8 0.8 1.7 1.7 4.7 0.8 -4.9 1.2 9.5 1.4 1.52017 3.7 1.3 0.7 2.7 1.3 3.5 2.6 0.0 1.2 -0.2 1.0 0.9 2.9 -1.4 -2.5 3.3 5.0 0.3 -0.12018 4.7 3.7 0.8 2.9 -0.5 4.7 1.8 0.9 1.2 0.4 1.1 0.9 -1.1 2.5 6.2 3.6 3.6 0.8 1.22019 3.0 3.0 0.5 2.7 1.5 4.3 3.8 0.1 1.5 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.3 2.6 3.8 3.5 1.0 2.52020 2.3 1.8 0.4 1.7 1.5 3.3 3.1 0.0 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.1 3.0 2.4 2.4 3.2 4.0 0.8 0.7

2011-2020 1.8 1.3 0.6 1.1 1.4 2.5 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.2 4.8 1.1 0.0


46

National final uses

19. Gross fixed capital formation at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 25.8 24.9 : 20.3 24.5 24.6 25.2 24.8 26.0 : : 23.4 18.1 26.9 27.6 23.1 : : 27.0 : 25.1

1971-1980 25.6 22.5 : 26.1 30.2 25.2 25.1 25.3 35.8 : : 23.9 17.5 23.6 28.5 29.4 : : 28.9 : 24.6

1981-1990 20.4 20.3 : 20.8 24.6 22.7 22.4 22.9 35.6 : : 21.5 20.4 21.6 24.6 28.9 : : 27.7 : 22.1

1991 21.7 22.8

1991 22.5 24.9 : 17.7 24.2 25.2 23.2 21.8 31.9 5.8 21.4 25.4 22.3 22.3 26.4 27.1 23.2 30.2 25.9 : 23.71992 22.2 25.1 : 17.4 22.9 23.2 22.1 21.2 33.6 10.5 21.9 21.5 20.7 22.0 26.0 27.0 21.0 35.1 22.2 : 23.11993 21.4 23.9 25.2 16.0 21.7 21.3 20.7 19.2 29.6 12.9 22.0 23.8 22.1 21.3 25.5 24.3 21.2 32.0 19.1 21.8 21.81994 20.9 24.0 28.0 17.1 20.0 21.1 20.4 18.7 26.9 14.0 22.0 22.5 22.3 20.7 26.2 23.4 22.6 28.4 18.6 21.6 21.61995 21.3 23.4 27.4 18.0 20.0 22.0 20.1 19.1 25.2 14.3 20.4 21.7 23.9 20.9 25.3 23.3 23.2 26.7 19.3 21.5 21.51996 21.3 22.8 27.3 19.8 20.8 21.8 19.9 18.9 24.1 17.9 20.6 19.8 24.6 21.6 25.8 23.8 23.9 33.5 20.5 21.3 21.31997 22.0 22.5 29.1 21.1 20.2 22.3 19.5 18.9 24.6 17.7 22.4 20.7 22.9 21.7 25.4 26.0 25.2 35.4 21.4 21.2 21.21998 21.9 22.6 31.7 22.6 23.7 23.4 19.9 19.2 19.7 23.9 23.9 22.0 24.1 21.8 25.5 27.3 26.2 37.1 22.2 21.7 21.61999 22.3 22.9 26.0 24.2 24.5 24.9 20.8 19.6 21.3 23.0 22.0 22.7 22.0 22.9 25.0 27.6 27.7 30.9 22.4 22.3 22.22000 22.5 23.0 26.6 23.8 24.6 26.1 21.5 20.4 20.1 25.2 19.1 20.2 22.5 22.5 25.6 28.0 27.3 27.3 23.1 22.7 22.7

1991-2000 21.8 23.5 : 19.8 22.3 23.1 20.8 19.7 25.7 16.5 21.6 22.0 22.7 21.8 25.7 25.8 24.1 31.6 21.5 : 22.1

2001 22.4 21.7 27.2 24.0 24.7 26.2 21.5 20.5 19.0 27.4 20.5 21.5 20.4 22.1 24.8 27.4 26.4 30.2 22.9 22.3 22.32002 20.7 20.0 30.5 23.6 23.6 26.6 21.0 21.2 20.9 24.6 20.7 21.0 16.5 21.1 23.5 25.8 24.7 28.9 21.6 21.6 21.62003 20.4 19.5 32.7 24.9 25.3 27.7 21.0 20.7 20.3 24.8 21.5 20.4 20.8 20.6 24.1 23.7 25.2 25.8 21.8 21.5 21.52004 21.4 19.2 31.8 27.0 24.4 28.5 21.4 20.8 20.6 28.9 22.9 20.3 20.6 20.3 23.6 23.4 26.2 25.0 22.3 21.7 21.62005 22.2 19.1 32.9 29.8 20.8 29.9 21.8 21.2 21.5 31.3 23.4 19.1 22.0 20.4 23.1 23.1 26.6 27.3 23.0 22.0 22.02006 22.3 19.8 36.7 31.0 23.7 31.1 22.5 21.5 25.1 34.2 25.9 17.6 22.0 21.0 22.6 22.5 27.8 27.3 22.8 22.8 22.72007 23.2 20.1 36.6 28.7 26.0 31.0 23.2 21.6 25.5 36.4 28.6 18.4 22.4 23.3 22.9 22.5 28.8 26.8 24.2 23.3 23.22008 24.0 20.3 31.2 24.8 23.8 29.2 23.6 21.2 27.2 32.1 26.0 20.3 19.6 22.1 23.3 22.8 29.6 25.5 24.4 23.0 22.92009 22.6 19.2 22.7 21.1 20.8 24.3 22.1 20.0 23.4 22.5 17.9 18.4 18.2 21.3 22.4 21.1 24.3 21.7 22.8 21.1 21.12010 21.8 19.4 21.2 17.5 17.6 23.0 22.1 19.9 22.3 19.4 16.9 17.6 21.4 19.7 21.6 20.5 21.3 22.1 21.9 20.7 20.7

2001-2010 22.1 19.8 30.4 25.2 23.1 27.8 22.0 20.9 22.6 28.1 22.4 19.5 20.4 21.2 23.2 23.3 26.1 26.1 22.8 22.0 21.9

2011 22.6 20.3 26.2 16.8 15.3 21.5 22.4 19.7 18.9 22.2 18.5 19.2 18.0 20.1 22.5 18.4 20.2 24.0 22.2 20.8 20.72012 22.6 20.1 28.6 19.7 12.6 19.8 22.5 18.4 15.1 25.4 17.4 20.2 18.1 18.8 22.6 15.8 19.2 21.2 22.3 20.2 20.22013 22.2 19.7 27.7 18.7 12.2 18.8 22.0 17.2 14.1 23.2 18.5 19.5 17.5 18.4 23.0 14.8 19.8 20.7 21.2 19.6 19.62014 23.0 20.0 25.6 20.7 11.5 19.3 21.8 16.7 11.7 22.6 18.9 20.0 17.2 17.6 22.7 15.0 19.4 20.7 20.6 19.6 19.62015 23.1 19.9 23.6 24.2 11.6 19.9 21.5 16.9 13.0 22.1 19.6 18.1 24.7 22.1 22.7 15.5 18.8 24.3 20.3 20.0 20.02016 23.3 20.1 23.0 35.7 12.1 19.9 21.9 17.2 17.7 19.6 19.3 18.6 23.6 20.0 23.2 15.5 17.5 21.3 21.7 20.4 20.42017 23.5 20.3 24.4 23.5 12.9 20.5 22.5 17.6 21.5 20.9 19.2 18.9 20.4 20.5 23.6 16.6 18.5 21.4 22.1 20.5 20.52018 23.8 20.8 23.9 24.9 11.1 21.2 22.9 18.0 19.4 22.8 19.3 17.5 18.8 20.9 23.9 17.1 19.7 22.0 22.5 21.0 21.02019 24.0 21.3 24.2 25.3 12.0 21.6 23.2 17.9 20.8 22.7 19.4 17.4 20.0 21.2 24.1 17.6 20.7 21.6 22.7 21.3 21.32020 24.1 21.7 24.5 25.9 13.2 21.9 23.3 18.0 21.9 22.2 19.5 17.2 20.8 21.4 24.1 18.2 21.7 21.4 22.8 21.6 21.6

2011-2020 23.2 20.4 25.2 23.5 12.4 20.4 22.4 17.8 17.4 22.4 18.9 18.6 19.9 20.1 23.2 16.4 19.6 21.9 21.8 20.5 20.5


47

National final uses

19. Gross fixed capital formation at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 : : 24.1 : : : : 27.5 : 19.3 : 24.1 : : : : 15.2 33.4 22.1

1971-1980 : : 23.7 : 35.4 : : 24.2 : 21.0 : 24.0 : : : : 18.1 34.2 22.3

1981-1990 : : 20.0 : 25.3 20.4 28.7 23.8 : 20.7 : 21.9 : : : : 21.0 30.5 22.8

1991 22.5

1991 19.9 26.1 19.6 : 22.7 18.3 14.2 24.2 : 21.1 : 23.2 : : : : 22.7 33.0 20.11992 17.8 27.4 18.7 : 21.6 15.7 19.0 21.8 : 19.5 : 22.4 : : : : 22.5 31.7 19.81993 14.2 27.9 18.1 : 20.5 14.9 17.7 19.3 : 18.7 : 21.2 : : : : 25.3 30.5 20.11994 15.1 29.5 18.3 : 21.8 16.8 20.1 19.4 : 18.3 : 21.0 : : : : 23.5 29.5 20.41995 16.8 33.3 19.5 14.4 21.7 17.4 21.2 19.6 21.4 18.1 21.0 20.9 : : 20.7 11.4 22.7 29.5 20.91996 4.5 33.9 19.6 18.4 22.8 19.4 22.9 20.1 21.3 18.7 20.9 20.8 21.8 : 21.7 11.5 23.9 30.4 21.31997 9.8 31.9 20.8 21.7 23.2 22.2 21.8 19.8 21.3 17.4 20.6 20.5 20.1 : 21.7 13.6 25.2 29.4 21.61998 14.7 30.4 21.6 21.0 24.2 24.0 18.8 20.7 21.8 17.9 21.1 20.9 21.5 : 21.8 13.9 23.5 28.2 22.31999 16.4 29.4 20.9 21.2 25.2 24.3 18.0 21.5 22.3 17.9 21.5 21.4 23.5 : 20.8 13.4 19.9 27.8 22.82000 16.8 30.6 21.5 20.0 25.4 23.7 19.1 22.2 22.7 18.0 21.8 21.7 31.9 17.6 20.3 14.1 22.3 27.4 23.1

1991-2000 14.6 30.0 19.9 : 22.9 19.7 19.3 20.9 : 18.6 : 21.4 : : : : 23.2 29.8 21.2

2001 19.4 30.5 21.3 20.4 24.8 20.5 21.0 22.6 22.3 17.6 21.5 21.4 36.7 18.3 22.0 12.9 18.1 26.5 22.52002 19.1 29.2 20.6 22.3 24.6 18.4 21.5 21.8 21.6 17.6 20.9 20.8 36.1 15.3 21.3 16.2 19.6 25.0 21.52003 20.0 28.7 20.7 25.8 23.6 18.2 22.7 21.4 21.6 17.1 20.8 20.7 35.9 13.9 20.1 18.3 20.8 24.5 21.62004 21.1 28.1 20.7 25.7 24.0 18.3 22.3 21.7 21.7 17.0 20.9 20.8 37.8 17.9 21.2 20.5 25.4 24.1 22.12005 25.9 28.2 21.2 25.4 23.8 18.9 23.4 22.2 22.1 17.2 21.2 21.1 37.9 18.8 19.0 19.4 26.7 24.6 22.92006 27.6 28.0 23.3 26.6 23.5 20.4 26.6 23.1 22.9 17.4 21.9 21.7 38.1 22.8 20.1 21.2 28.7 24.7 23.02007 28.3 29.5 23.5 26.8 23.6 22.5 35.3 24.0 23.5 17.9 22.6 22.2 36.4 32.9 22.7 23.8 28.1 24.1 22.42008 33.0 29.0 22.9 28.1 23.2 23.1 37.3 24.4 23.4 17.1 22.4 22.0 33.9 39.2 25.8 23.7 26.8 24.0 21.32009 27.9 27.1 20.2 25.2 22.7 21.4 26.0 22.4 21.3 15.4 20.5 20.3 32.7 27.3 24.6 18.7 22.4 22.4 18.82010 22.2 26.9 18.1 21.2 20.2 20.3 26.1 22.3 20.8 15.5 20.0 19.9 28.4 21.6 23.1 17.7 24.9 21.3 18.4

2001-2010 24.5 28.5 21.2 24.8 23.4 20.2 26.2 22.6 22.1 17.0 21.3 21.1 35.4 22.8 22.0 19.2 24.1 24.1 21.5

2011 20.9 26.5 18.2 20.2 19.7 20.7 27.2 22.8 20.9 15.5 20.2 19.9 29.4 19.5 23.5 17.5 28.1 21.9 18.82012 21.3 25.9 18.8 19.6 19.3 19.8 27.4 22.7 20.4 15.8 19.7 19.5 26.5 19.8 23.4 20.2 27.3 22.4 19.62013 21.2 25.1 19.1 19.7 20.9 18.8 24.8 22.4 19.8 16.0 19.3 19.1 26.1 20.2 23.7 16.5 28.5 23.3 19.82014 21.1 25.1 19.2 19.2 22.2 19.7 24.3 23.1 19.9 16.6 19.4 19.2 24.2 19.0 23.4 15.9 28.9 24.0 20.32015 21.0 26.5 19.9 19.6 22.5 20.1 24.8 23.6 20.3 16.8 19.7 19.5 24.4 20.1 23.8 16.8 29.7 23.8 20.32016 18.6 24.9 20.9 20.0 19.6 18.0 22.9 23.9 20.6 16.8 20.0 19.9 24.4 24.7 24.4 16.9 29.3 23.3 20.22017 18.5 24.8 21.2 20.1 22.2 17.5 22.4 25.0 20.7 17.1 20.2 20.1 24.5 26.9 23.9 17.7 30.0 23.8 20.52018 19.0 26.2 22.2 20.1 25.5 18.2 21.2 25.4 21.2 17.0 20.5 20.5 24.2 29.6 25.0 18.7 29.7 24.2 20.82019 19.5 26.3 22.1 20.7 27.6 18.4 21.0 24.9 21.5 16.6 20.7 20.7 23.7 30.3 27.2 19.5 27.1 24.5 21.02020 19.6 26.2 22.1 21.3 27.5 18.5 21.1 24.6 21.7 16.4 20.9 20.8 23.4 29.9 29.3 20.2 29.1 24.7 21.2

2011-2020 20.1 25.7 20.4 20.0 22.7 19.0 23.7 23.8 20.7 16.5 20.0 19.9 25.1 24.0 24.8 18.0 28.8 23.6 20.2


48

National final uses

20. Gross fixed capital formation at 2010 reference levels; total economy



1961-1970 5.8 4.2 : 9.6 8.4 11.3 7.6 6.4 : : : 3.4 : 7.1 5.9 6.9 : : 4.4 : 6.3

1971-1980 2.3 1.6 : 5.7 1.7 1.6 2.7 1.8 : : : 2.6 : 0.0 3.9 4.5 : : 2.9 : 2.0

1981-1990 2.3 1.9 : 0.5 -1.3 5.3 2.6 1.4 : : : 3.9 : 2.8 1.9 5.1 : : 4.3 : 2.3

1991 -4.1 5.3 : -7.0 7.4 1.7 -0.5 0.8 : : : 15.8 : 1.3 8.3 4.7 -11.5 : -16.9 : 1.41992 1.1 4.1 : 0.0 -5.9 -4.1 -1.5 -1.8 : : : -15.1 : 1.8 0.1 7.8 -12.9 : -13.8 : 0.11993 -2.5 -4.2 : -5.1 -4.7 -8.9 -5.4 -10.4 : : : 20.6 : -1.6 -1.2 -9.0 10.7 13.0 -12.5 : -5.91994 0.4 3.6 9.2 11.8 -1.4 1.9 1.6 -0.4 : : : 0.0 : 2.0 5.1 0.5 14.1 -2.5 0.8 : 2.11995 3.4 0.0 5.6 15.1 3.1 7.7 1.3 5.7 -0.6 : 14.9 -1.5 : 5.9 0.2 4.2 16.8 0.6 12.5 : 2.61996 0.8 -0.5 19.1 16.4 9.1 2.5 0.8 2.1 -4.2 35.2 21.1 -4.2 -8.4 6.7 4.4 5.1 8.1 27.4 10.0 1.7 1.61997 6.6 0.8 23.3 15.8 3.5 5.3 0.8 1.8 4.2 4.2 25.6 6.3 -4.5 6.4 0.7 14.3 12.2 13.5 10.9 2.6 2.51998 2.5 3.9 22.9 13.4 22.6 10.7 6.4 3.9 -15.2 42.6 21.2 11.0 -3.4 6.8 3.4 11.7 8.0 8.1 10.7 5.9 5.91999 3.8 4.6 -14.3 14.1 7.4 10.0 7.8 4.1 14.9 4.3 -5.9 17.9 4.0 10.0 1.2 6.1 13.4 -15.3 4.5 6.0 6.12000 4.4 2.3 13.6 5.1 2.9 7.4 6.6 6.7 -1.0 22.7 -6.9 -4.3 17.5 2.3 5.8 4.1 2.4 -8.8 6.2 4.7 4.7

1991-2000 1.6 2.0 : 7.6 4.1 3.2 1.7 1.1 : : : 4.1 : 4.1 2.8 4.8 5.6 : 0.6 : 2.1

2001 1.6 -2.5 12.3 5.8 5.4 4.9 2.3 2.9 0.0 19.5 12.7 6.1 -8.4 1.3 -1.1 1.0 2.0 12.9 1.8 1.2 1.12002 -4.3 -5.8 23.9 5.6 -0.3 4.6 -0.9 4.2 11.4 -3.4 11.1 1.6 -17.0 -4.1 -2.9 -3.4 0.5 0.0 -3.0 -1.2 -1.22003 -0.4 -1.3 17.8 8.0 15.1 7.0 1.9 -0.3 1.9 10.2 14.1 0.8 33.6 -1.7 3.8 -7.3 5.8 -3.2 2.8 1.3 1.22004 8.9 0.0 5.5 9.8 3.0 5.1 3.5 2.1 5.8 28.9 15.8 6.0 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.1 5.4 4.7 4.7 2.6 2.52005 6.1 0.7 15.3 16.8 -11.9 7.5 2.9 1.7 6.5 20.4 11.5 -1.0 16.1 3.3 0.3 0.1 3.5 16.5 3.2 2.9 2.72006 2.0 7.5 22.9 7.2 19.4 7.4 3.6 3.2 20.9 15.1 19.6 3.3 2.6 7.0 1.2 -0.8 10.2 9.1 1.3 5.6 5.42007 6.8 4.1 10.3 0.0 15.9 4.4 5.5 1.6 7.5 22.5 22.3 12.5 5.6 14.8 4.6 3.1 12.0 8.9 10.0 5.3 5.12008 1.9 1.5 -13.1 -11.6 -7.2 -3.9 0.9 -3.1 8.4 -9.1 -4.0 11.9 -9.2 -3.0 1.6 0.4 7.0 1.6 0.3 -1.1 -1.12009 -6.7 -10.1 -36.7 -16.9 -13.9 -16.9 -9.1 -9.9 -13.6 -33.3 -38.9 -12.4 -11.8 -8.6 -7.2 -7.6 -22.0 -18.7 -12.5 -11.2 -10.82010 -0.8 5.4 -2.7 -15.0 -19.3 -4.9 2.1 -0.5 -2.9 -19.8 1.5 3.5 26.4 -6.8 -2.6 -0.9 -13.3 7.2 1.1 -0.4 -0.3

2001-2010 1.4 -0.2 3.8 0.3 -0.2 1.2 1.2 0.1 4.2 3.1 4.8 3.0 2.7 0.0 -0.2 -1.6 0.5 3.4 0.8 0.4 0.4

2011 4.2 7.2 34.4 0.4 -20.5 -6.9 2.1 -1.9 -11.9 24.0 20.1 13.7 -16.2 4.9 6.6 -12.5 -4.9 12.7 4.1 1.5 1.32012 0.2 -0.7 12.7 16.0 -23.5 -8.6 0.2 -9.3 -20.4 14.4 -1.8 6.1 1.5 -6.3 0.9 -16.6 -8.8 -9.0 -1.9 -3.4 -3.42013 -1.5 -1.3 1.5 -4.1 -8.4 -3.4 -0.8 -6.6 -16.6 -6.0 8.3 1.2 1.2 -1.6 1.6 -5.1 3.2 -0.9 -4.9 -2.3 -2.42014 5.8 3.9 -2.6 18.4 -4.7 4.7 0.0 -2.3 -19.0 0.1 5.8 9.5 6.7 -2.4 -0.4 2.3 1.0 3.0 -2.6 1.7 1.72015 2.7 1.6 -7.6 51.1 0.7 6.7 1.0 2.1 13.8 -0.5 4.9 -9.9 55.3 29.0 2.3 5.8 -1.6 21.9 0.7 4.9 4.82016 3.8 3.5 2.9 51.4 4.7 2.9 2.8 3.5 41.8 -8.4 0.3 10.4 -0.1 -7.3 4.3 2.3 -3.7 -9.4 8.6 4.0 4.12017 1.8 2.9 12.5 -31.0 9.1 4.8 4.5 4.3 29.0 13.1 6.8 4.0 -7.4 6.1 3.9 9.2 10.7 3.4 4.3 2.6 2.52018 2.0 2.6 3.3 9.7 -12.2 5.3 2.9 3.4 -7.1 16.4 6.5 -2.7 -3.7 4.3 3.3 4.4 10.6 6.8 3.2 3.3 3.32019 1.7 2.3 4.8 4.2 10.1 3.6 2.1 -0.3 10.2 2.8 5.0 2.5 10.1 3.2 2.0 4.6 7.5 2.6 1.6 2.3 2.22020 1.7 2.4 4.0 5.2 10.8 2.9 1.7 0.9 8.1 1.7 4.4 1.6 7.8 2.1 1.6 5.0 7.4 2.8 1.3 2.3 2.2

2011-2020 2.2 2.4 6.1 9.7 -4.2 1.1 1.7 -0.7 0.9 5.3 5.9 3.4 4.2 2.8 2.6 -0.4 1.9 3.0 1.4 1.6 1.6


49

National final uses

20. Gross fixed capital formation at 2010 reference levels; total economy



1961-1970 : : 7.7 : : : : 5.1 : 5.3 : 6.2 : : : : 8.1 15.7 4.7

1971-1980 : : 0.5 : : : : 0.6 : 1.1 : 1.7 : : : : 2.1 3.5 3.3

1981-1990 : : 3.3 : : : : 4.1 : 4.1 : 2.7 : : : : 10.2 5.7 3.5

1991 : -24.9 -2.3 : : -4.5 -31.6 -8.8 : -7.9 : -0.6 : : : : 0.4 2.5 -4.11992 : 5.1 -0.5 : -2.6 2.4 11.0 -10.6 : -1.6 : -0.6 : : : : 6.4 -2.2 4.11993 : 6.2 -2.6 : 2.0 2.9 8.3 -16.9 : 0.8 : -5.3 : : : : 26.4 -2.7 5.11994 : 11.3 6.9 : 12.5 9.2 20.7 7.6 : 1.6 : 2.3 : : : : -16.0 -1.5 6.11995 16.1 20.8 10.6 : -4.3 16.6 6.9 7.9 : -0.5 : 2.4 : : : : 9.1 3.5 5.21996 -76.0 9.8 5.3 34.4 4.6 19.7 8.4 5.2 2.2 4.7 2.5 2.1 : : 6.5 12.5 14.1 6.5 7.71997 68.9 -5.2 10.2 24.9 8.7 22.3 -1.4 1.4 3.1 -1.6 2.5 2.1 -20.6 : -4.3 31.3 14.8 -2.0 7.21998 29.4 -1.1 6.6 2.2 12.0 14.2 -4.7 7.9 6.1 7.9 6.4 6.3 12.8 : -2.6 4.0 -3.9 -4.0 9.31999 17.7 -2.6 -0.3 -3.2 8.0 6.8 -1.9 6.8 5.8 2.9 5.4 5.5 37.3 : -1.4 -13.9 -14.5 -1.0 8.32000 16.5 8.4 8.2 -3.1 5.2 2.2 5.9 6.5 4.8 3.4 4.6 4.7 42.6 : -1.5 0.6 21.9 0.5 6.4

1991-2000 : 2.0 4.1 : : 8.9 1.2 0.3 : 0.9 : 1.8 : : : : 5.0 -0.1 5.5

2001 19.8 5.6 -0.5 6.0 2.7 -10.6 10.5 2.5 1.0 -1.2 0.7 0.7 22.7 : 9.7 -5.1 -27.0 -1.7 -0.42002 8.1 2.2 -2.3 14.1 7.8 -6.1 7.3 -2.2 -1.1 3.0 -0.5 -0.6 5.2 : -0.1 37.9 17.8 -5.1 -1.72003 12.9 1.8 1.6 23.5 1.3 1.2 10.3 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 7.9 : -4.5 22.7 19.4 -0.8 4.22004 13.8 3.9 3.5 5.4 7.6 6.7 9.6 5.8 3.0 2.3 2.9 2.6 11.8 : 7.9 18.5 31.9 0.1 6.02005 26.7 6.4 5.9 3.9 3.6 8.3 11.5 5.0 3.3 5.1 3.5 3.2 7.1 : -10.3 3.5 19.6 3.1 6.12006 13.0 5.9 13.7 10.1 0.7 15.4 26.5 9.4 6.3 2.9 5.8 5.3 7.6 : 6.7 15.6 15.4 0.4 2.72007 13.1 13.5 0.7 7.2 4.2 19.0 51.0 8.1 6.3 5.7 6.2 5.2 4.6 79.8 17.5 25.5 5.5 -1.9 -0.62008 22.0 2.5 -2.5 9.2 1.0 8.8 17.8 0.6 -0.3 -5.2 -0.9 -1.7 4.4 31.6 17.8 8.1 -2.7 -3.8 -4.22009 -17.7 -10.1 -13.0 -14.4 -8.3 -2.7 -33.9 -13.4 -11.5 -13.7 -11.7 -11.3 1.0 -28.9 2.7 -22.5 -20.5 -9.7 -12.62010 -17.7 1.3 -5.7 -15.2 -9.5 0.0 -2.8 6.0 -0.5 4.1 0.0 0.3 -8.5 -18.5 -4.0 -6.5 22.5 -1.6 2.2

2001-2010 8.3 3.1 -0.1 4.4 1.0 3.6 8.7 2.2 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.4 6.1 : 4.0 8.4 6.4 -2.2 0.0

2011 -4.4 0.9 0.4 -2.7 -1.3 8.8 6.1 5.7 1.8 2.6 1.9 1.6 5.9 -7.2 13.3 4.7 23.8 1.7 4.62012 1.8 -3.1 3.7 -3.3 -3.0 -1.8 3.1 -0.3 -3.0 2.1 -2.4 -2.5 -7.9 -2.4 6.5 13.9 2.7 3.5 6.92013 0.3 -2.5 2.7 1.4 9.8 -1.1 -5.6 0.6 -2.0 3.4 -1.3 -1.4 -2.0 10.7 3.5 -12.0 13.8 4.9 3.62014 3.4 3.9 3.1 -2.8 12.3 10.0 3.3 5.4 2.3 7.2 2.9 2.6 -4.5 -2.5 4.0 -3.4 5.1 3.1 4.92015 2.7 10.2 5.5 3.8 4.7 6.1 7.5 6.7 5.1 3.4 4.9 4.7 3.5 11.9 10.5 4.9 9.3 1.6 3.32016 -6.6 -3.1 7.6 6.5 -11.7 -8.2 -0.2 4.2 3.3 2.3 3.1 3.9 2.4 38.4 9.9 5.4 2.2 -0.3 1.72017 3.2 3.7 4.6 3.8 18.2 4.0 3.5 6.0 3.0 3.5 3.1 2.8 5.5 18.7 6.0 7.3 7.8 3.0 4.02018 6.5 10.5 5.1 4.1 16.5 8.7 -3.2 3.3 3.7 0.2 3.2 2.9 2.8 14.8 -3.6 9.2 -1.7 1.1 4.82019 6.8 3.9 1.7 6.0 10.4 4.9 1.4 -0.2 2.4 -0.2 2.1 1.8 3.2 5.8 7.5 7.8 -12.9 1.6 2.72020 5.2 3.1 2.3 5.4 2.4 4.1 2.3 0.9 2.3 0.8 2.1 2.0 3.8 2.0 9.0 7.5 9.2 1.1 2.7

2011-2020 1.8 2.6 3.7 2.2 5.4 3.4 1.7 3.2 1.9 2.5 1.9 1.8 1.2 8.3 6.6 4.3 5.5 2.1 3.9


50

National final uses

21. Changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 0.9 1.8 : 1.4 2.1 2.0 1.9 0.7 1.1 : : 0.8 2.4 1.7 1.7 2.0 : : 0.9 : 1.6

1971-1980 0.9 1.3 : 1.4 3.4 1.2 1.3 0.3 2.9 : : -1.7 2.1 0.2 1.4 2.7 : : 1.3 : 1.1

1981-1990 0.3 0.2 : 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.5 : : 1.7 1.7 0.0 0.4 1.7 : : 0.7 : 0.3

1991 0.7 0.5

1991 0.1 0.7 : 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.5 24.9 : 2.4 0.0 0.5 0.5 -0.3 -3.7 6.9 -1.8 : 0.51992 0.1 -0.1 : -0.6 -0.3 0.7 -0.1 0.3 3.0 27.1 : 2.7 0.0 0.7 0.3 -0.3 -1.0 -4.8 -1.2 : 0.11993 0.3 -0.3 2.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 -1.2 -0.2 1.4 -4.1 : 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -0.9 0.5 -5.3 -0.6 : -0.41994 0.8 -0.2 0.6 -0.4 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.1 4.9 3.8 : 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.0 0.8 -5.6 1.1 : 0.11995 0.5 0.4 1.3 0.8 2.5 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.4 1.6 2.4 -0.7 7.1 0.8 1.5 0.9 1.9 -0.3 1.1 0.6 0.61996 0.4 -0.1 1.8 0.7 2.6 0.3 -0.2 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.5 -0.3 3.0 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.8 2.5 -0.3 0.1 0.11997 0.3 0.3 5.4 1.2 2.2 0.2 -0.1 0.4 -0.5 3.6 2.2 0.5 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.41998 0.5 0.7 2.2 1.6 1.5 0.4 0.8 0.3 -0.6 2.1 0.5 1.3 -1.9 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.8 -2.0 0.8 0.7 0.71999 0.5 0.6 1.4 0.5 -0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 -1.4 -0.6 -0.6 0.5 -0.5 0.3 1.2 1.4 1.1 -1.6 0.0 0.5 0.52000 1.3 0.9 2.2 0.8 1.2 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.5 -0.5 -0.4 2.0 4.1 0.0 0.3 0.8 1.2 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.7

1991-2000 0.5 0.3 : 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.3 1.1 5.9 : 0.9 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 -0.9 0.0 : 0.3

2001 0.2 0.6 2.9 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.2 -1.1 0.8 -1.5 0.2 -1.9 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.0 1.2 0.3 0.5 0.52002 0.0 -0.1 2.6 0.5 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 -0.5 3.6 -0.1 -1.3 -0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.8 0.5 0.2 0.12003 0.4 0.2 2.6 0.8 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 -0.6 5.4 0.3 0.1 -1.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.32004 1.1 0.0 2.8 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.4 4.2 -0.2 0.0 -1.5 0.0 0.5 0.8 2.4 2.4 0.6 0.3 0.32005 1.5 -0.3 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.7 -0.1 0.9 3.9 0.7 1.9 -0.7 0.0 0.8 0.6 1.7 2.4 1.7 0.3 0.22006 1.5 0.0 2.6 0.9 2.5 0.2 0.8 0.4 -0.5 5.1 0.8 0.7 -0.7 0.0 1.0 0.7 2.4 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.52007 1.2 0.6 2.7 0.5 1.1 0.3 1.0 0.6 -1.2 5.1 3.5 0.8 -1.4 0.1 1.7 0.6 4.1 1.7 1.3 0.7 0.72008 1.8 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.8 3.0 1.8 0.4 2.1 0.2 1.2 0.7 3.1 3.1 0.7 0.6 0.62009 -0.9 -1.1 -2.0 -0.9 -2.5 0.2 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -5.5 -2.2 2.6 -0.6 0.4 -0.4 -1.0 -0.6 -1.5 -0.7 -0.72010 0.9 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 0.5 -0.2 0.6 1.6 -0.1 1.1 0.3 2.2 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.9 -0.2 0.3 0.3

2001-2010 0.8 0.1 1.4 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 3.0 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.7 0.4 1.6 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.3

2011 1.4 0.8 -1.1 0.5 -0.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.0 3.0 3.2 0.3 1.4 -0.1 1.7 0.2 1.5 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.72012 0.6 -0.8 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.5 1.1 0.8 2.0 -0.8 -0.1 0.0 1.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 -0.22013 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 0.1 -0.6 0.0 0.2 -0.3 -0.9 1.1 1.0 -0.5 1.7 0.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.02014 0.3 -0.4 1.2 1.6 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.2 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.32015 0.5 -0.6 1.3 0.8 -1.3 0.6 1.2 0.4 1.2 0.1 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.32016 0.7 -0.4 2.1 2.4 -0.6 0.5 0.8 0.4 -1.0 1.1 -1.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.3 1.2 1.7 0.4 0.3 0.32017 1.1 -0.2 1.6 1.2 -0.4 0.6 0.9 0.0 -0.9 1.3 -1.3 0.1 -1.2 0.2 1.5 0.3 1.7 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.32018 1.4 0.4 3.1 0.5 2.0 0.7 0.6 0.0 -0.4 1.4 -0.7 0.8 -0.4 0.3 1.4 0.5 2.1 1.6 1.1 0.6 0.52019 1.4 0.2 2.7 0.5 2.0 0.7 0.7 -0.2 -0.3 1.3 -0.6 0.8 -0.4 0.0 1.4 0.5 2.0 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.42020 1.4 0.2 2.6 0.4 1.9 0.7 0.7 -0.2 -0.3 1.2 -0.6 0.7 -0.4 0.0 1.3 0.5 1.9 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.4

2011-2020 0.9 -0.1 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.1 -0.1 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.3


51

National final uses

21. Changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables at current prices; total economy



1960-1970 : : 1.8 : : : : 2.4 : 1.0 : 1.5 : : : : 0.5 3.1 0.9

1971-1980 : : 0.9 : 3.6 : : 1.5 : 0.5 : 1.0 : : : : -0.1 1.1 0.7

1981-1990 : : 0.5 : 3.3 7.4 3.3 0.1 : 0.1 : 0.3 : : : : -0.1 0.5 0.4

1991 0.2

1991 4.4 -1.1 0.0 : -0.5 0.4 13.7 -0.8 : -0.7 : 0.3 : : : : 0.7 0.7 0.01992 3.7 -1.5 0.3 : -3.8 -1.5 12.2 0.0 : -0.3 : 0.0 : : : : 0.1 0.2 0.21993 2.3 -0.5 -0.7 : 1.1 -0.3 11.0 -0.3 : 0.0 : -0.4 : : : : -0.3 0.1 0.31994 -4.4 0.8 0.4 : 2.1 -0.3 4.5 1.0 : 0.5 : 0.1 : : : : 1.8 0.0 0.91995 0.5 0.4 1.2 2.4 1.4 2.2 2.2 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 : : 4.2 3.0 -0.6 0.3 0.41996 -4.2 1.7 0.5 1.7 2.0 2.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 : : 2.7 7.2 0.5 0.5 0.41997 -0.9 0.4 1.2 4.0 3.1 1.5 -0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 : : 3.6 4.3 0.9 0.5 0.81998 3.5 -0.1 1.1 0.6 4.6 1.2 -0.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 : : 4.8 -1.0 0.4 0.3 0.71999 2.9 -0.2 0.0 0.0 2.3 1.2 -2.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 : : 3.1 -3.8 1.4 -0.7 0.62000 2.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 2.9 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 : 5.5 1.6 -3.5 1.5 -0.1 0.5

1991-2000 1.0 0.1 0.5 : 1.5 0.8 4.1 0.4 : 0.2 : 0.3 : : : : 0.6 0.2 0.5

2001 2.1 1.1 0.5 1.7 1.6 0.1 1.7 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 : 5.9 -4.6 6.3 0.1 0.0 -0.42002 1.5 0.9 0.7 3.5 1.2 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 : 4.1 -0.5 5.0 1.6 -0.4 0.22003 2.3 0.3 0.2 2.2 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 : 2.1 -2.1 3.8 1.6 -0.1 0.12004 2.5 1.2 1.0 1.7 3.0 1.9 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 : -0.5 -0.2 9.3 -0.2 0.3 0.52005 2.1 0.9 1.0 2.4 1.6 1.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 : -0.3 0.8 3.3 0.4 0.1 0.42006 4.7 2.1 1.0 3.1 2.2 1.3 0.9 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 : 1.1 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.52007 5.3 2.6 1.8 3.0 0.6 2.7 -4.0 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.7 : 1.9 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.22008 4.0 2.1 1.0 3.3 1.5 1.6 -4.2 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.7 2.1 0.6 -0.22009 0.7 -0.5 -1.1 0.0 -2.4 -0.9 1.2 -1.4 -0.7 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 1.8 -0.4 1.2 0.0 0.6 -1.0 -1.02010 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.9 0.1 1.4 -0.1 2.1 0.0 0.4

2001-2010 2.5 1.1 0.6 2.1 1.1 0.9 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 : 1.6 0.0 3.2 1.0 0.0 0.1

2011 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.8 1.8 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 2.0 -0.2 3.4 0.8 3.2 0.2 0.32012 0.7 0.3 0.7 -0.4 0.2 1.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 1.8 0.8 5.6 -0.9 1.0 0.2 0.42013 -0.2 -0.4 0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 2.0 -0.6 5.1 0.9 1.2 -0.1 0.62014 0.5 0.7 0.9 -0.5 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.5 1.2 6.9 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.52015 0.2 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.4 -0.1 6.6 1.8 -1.3 0.2 0.72016 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.4 8.1 1.0 -1.1 0.1 0.22017 1.6 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.5 2.3 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 3.3 11.0 1.8 1.0 0.1 0.12018 1.7 -0.1 0.5 1.3 1.6 2.5 2.9 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 : 1.8 7.9 2.9 -0.5 0.2 0.32019 1.7 -0.1 0.5 1.2 1.3 2.4 3.0 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.4 1.7 7.7 2.6 -1.3 0.2 0.12020 1.7 -0.1 0.5 1.2 1.3 2.3 2.8 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.8 1.7 7.4 2.2 -1.3 0.2 0.1

2011-2020 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 : 1.1 7.0 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.3


52

National final uses

22. Domestic demand including stocks at current prices



1960-1970 100.8 97.8 : 107.7 107.6 103.2 99.2 99.4 107.4 : : 86.3 113.6 99.0 101.1 104.5 : : 100.9 : 99.5

1971-1980 100.6 98.1 : 110.8 106.7 102.4 99.9 100.3 116.6 : : 86.2 111.2 97.1 101.7 109.0 : : 100.6 : 99.8

1981-1990 100.0 96.5 : 100.4 107.1 101.5 100.8 100.1 106.9 : : 89.9 108.3 95.4 100.5 109.5 : : 99.4 : 99.3

1991 94.6 98.9

1991 98.8 100.5 : 94.7 110.4 104.1 100.3 99.9 109.0 93.5 91.0 88.4 106.9 94.9 100.4 109.3 91.0 103.4 101.1 : 100.61992 98.0 100.5 : 92.0 109.1 103.7 99.3 100.1 109.3 96.1 96.1 84.1 103.1 95.3 100.8 108.9 93.4 104.3 99.3 : 100.31993 97.3 99.9 104.2 89.1 109.1 101.6 98.3 97.0 98.9 87.4 107.3 82.4 105.6 93.6 100.7 107.4 99.3 104.7 95.7 98.9 98.91994 96.8 99.8 110.5 89.8 107.2 100.9 98.5 96.7 98.8 100.6 105.5 80.4 106.1 93.4 101.3 107.5 98.2 94.7 94.7 98.7 98.71995 96.5 99.5 107.8 88.8 108.3 101.0 98.4 96.3 100.9 104.7 110.6 79.7 109.4 93.4 101.3 106.4 102.2 97.9 93.2 98.5 98.51996 97.2 99.2 109.1 90.2 108.9 100.1 98.2 95.5 100.4 109.0 109.3 77.4 109.4 94.0 101.4 107.1 101.2 110.6 94.0 98.2 98.21997 96.6 98.8 112.5 88.7 106.8 99.8 97.0 96.3 101.4 109.0 110.1 78.9 104.9 93.6 100.6 108.0 101.1 109.4 93.2 97.8 97.81998 96.7 98.7 111.7 88.4 109.7 100.5 97.3 97.0 97.5 112.1 111.4 80.5 102.6 93.9 100.0 109.2 101.7 110.6 92.7 98.1 98.01999 96.2 99.3 105.7 87.3 108.9 101.9 97.6 98.2 97.4 109.8 110.0 77.6 102.3 94.6 99.6 110.3 104.3 104.4 91.5 98.7 98.62000 97.4 99.7 102.7 86.4 111.0 103.0 98.7 99.2 97.6 108.0 106.2 75.0 107.2 93.5 99.0 111.0 103.7 102.6 91.5 99.2 99.2

1991-2000 97.1 99.6 : 89.5 108.9 101.7 98.4 97.6 101.1 103.0 105.8 80.4 105.7 94.0 100.5 108.5 99.6 104.3 94.7 : 98.9

2001 96.7 98.2 103.2 85.4 110.6 102.3 98.4 98.7 95.4 110.4 105.5 76.5 101.7 93.4 98.2 110.2 101.0 108.0 90.8 98.5 98.42002 94.5 95.6 106.9 84.7 110.1 102.0 98.0 99.3 98.8 110.1 105.7 74.9 95.6 93.2 96.0 108.3 99.0 107.2 91.2 97.5 97.42003 94.8 96.3 108.5 86.5 111.1 102.2 98.6 99.5 98.5 112.5 105.8 76.3 99.1 93.4 97.5 106.9 100.3 101.9 93.2 98.1 98.02004 95.3 95.0 107.7 87.4 108.5 103.9 99.0 99.4 100.1 115.6 107.0 75.1 101.3 92.3 96.8 108.3 101.4 102.7 93.7 97.9 97.82005 96.3 94.9 104.8 90.2 108.3 105.0 99.9 100.1 100.5 114.5 107.2 74.4 102.4 91.5 97.0 109.1 100.6 104.6 96.0 98.5 98.42006 96.3 94.7 109.7 92.3 110.5 105.9 100.2 100.8 102.9 120.7 110.3 68.1 103.4 91.4 96.1 108.2 100.0 104.0 95.4 98.8 98.62007 96.2 93.4 108.7 91.6 112.5 106.0 100.7 100.4 104.8 119.0 113.1 66.7 99.4 92.9 95.3 107.6 101.3 101.1 95.2 98.5 98.42008 99.5 94.0 103.4 92.1 112.6 105.1 101.2 100.8 112.8 112.9 111.6 69.3 100.2 91.5 95.6 109.7 101.9 102.8 96.4 98.9 98.82009 97.7 95.1 95.2 88.1 109.8 101.2 100.8 100.7 105.3 101.6 101.7 67.8 101.5 92.4 96.9 106.9 98.1 101.5 98.0 98.4 98.42010 98.2 94.8 93.6 83.6 108.6 101.3 101.3 102.0 107.3 101.5 101.9 67.1 100.9 91.9 96.6 107.6 98.6 101.5 98.7 98.5 98.5

2001-2010 96.5 95.2 104.2 88.2 110.3 103.5 99.8 100.2 102.6 111.9 107.0 71.6 100.6 92.4 96.6 108.3 100.2 103.5 94.9 98.4 98.3

2011 99.5 95.1 94.3 81.9 106.8 100.2 101.9 101.6 102.8 105.0 102.6 67.5 97.8 91.5 97.4 104.3 98.2 100.9 100.9 98.5 98.42012 99.4 93.9 98.4 83.4 104.4 98.5 101.3 99.0 101.2 104.4 99.1 69.0 95.4 90.3 97.3 100.5 95.8 96.3 101.5 97.1 97.12013 98.8 94.0 97.2 80.7 102.8 96.7 101.0 97.7 98.6 103.5 98.7 68.0 93.7 89.8 97.3 99.0 94.4 95.8 100.9 96.5 96.52014 99.4 93.1 96.4 81.2 102.4 97.6 101.1 97.1 98.2 101.4 97.9 67.6 87.7 88.9 96.7 99.8 92.6 96.6 100.9 96.1 96.12015 98.6 92.0 96.2 70.4 99.9 97.7 100.6 97.1 99.8 100.5 100.5 66.7 90.4 92.5 96.3 99.4 91.4 98.5 100.5 95.5 95.42016 98.7 92.2 96.7 83.7 100.7 96.8 100.8 96.8 100.6 98.8 98.7 66.3 86.2 89.8 96.4 98.9 90.8 97.0 101.0 95.6 95.62017 98.8 92.4 96.1 68.7 101.0 97.1 101.1 97.1 103.5 99.9 97.2 66.7 78.7 89.3 96.7 99.2 90.3 96.9 99.9 95.3 95.32018 99.5 93.2 96.6 68.2 100.3 98.0 100.9 97.5 101.7 100.6 97.5 66.0 78.6 89.4 96.2 99.9 90.5 97.5 99.8 95.6 95.62019 99.5 93.9 96.9 68.5 100.6 98.1 100.8 97.7 103.3 100.5 97.9 66.2 80.2 89.8 96.2 100.5 91.2 96.8 99.7 95.9 95.82020 99.7 94.1 97.1 68.6 100.3 98.1 100.9 97.8 104.7 100.5 98.2 66.2 81.0 90.0 96.0 100.9 91.9 96.5 99.7 95.9 95.9

2011-2020 99.2 93.4 96.6 75.5 101.9 97.9 101.1 97.9 101.5 101.5 98.8 67.0 87.0 90.1 96.6 100.2 92.7 97.3 100.5 96.2 96.2


53

National final uses

22. Domestic demand including stocks at current prices



1960-1970 : : 101.8 : : : : 100.0 : 100.5 : 99.8 : : : : 92.9 99.7 99.4

1971-1980 : : 102.2 : 104.6 : : 99.4 : 100.9 : 100.0 : : : : 96.3 99.5 100.3

1981-1990 : : 97.8 : 98.6 98.0 96.1 98.2 : 100.3 : 99.4 : : : : 94.0 98.1 101.8

1991 99.0

1991 88.5 93.3 93.8 : 100.9 102.7 103.4 98.4 : 100.4 : 100.3 : : : : 99.8 98.5 100.51992 97.8 98.5 93.1 : 100.2 99.4 107.8 98.4 : 100.7 : 100.1 : : : : 98.4 98.0 100.51993 99.4 98.7 92.5 : 108.1 99.7 104.4 96.6 : 100.4 : 98.9 : : : : 100.5 97.9 100.91994 93.0 101.3 94.1 : 106.4 98.1 101.5 96.0 : 100.0 : 98.7 : : : : 100.4 98.1 101.31995 90.5 103.1 95.3 108.3 100.0 97.8 105.0 93.6 98.3 99.7 98.5 98.4 : : 109.2 107.0 96.9 98.7 101.21996 88.7 104.9 94.3 106.5 99.5 101.3 107.9 93.8 98.2 99.8 98.4 98.2 125.4 : 109.7 112.1 97.0 99.6 101.21997 87.2 104.2 95.6 112.9 99.0 103.8 106.8 93.1 97.9 99.5 98.2 97.9 128.5 : 112.9 114.2 99.9 98.9 101.21998 93.1 100.3 96.9 106.8 101.5 104.7 107.8 93.7 98.2 100.7 98.6 98.3 126.9 : 114.3 109.2 99.1 98.2 101.81999 104.6 100.4 94.0 106.1 102.7 105.8 104.7 93.9 98.6 101.4 99.1 98.9 121.1 : 109.4 106.7 100.2 98.4 102.72000 105.3 101.8 93.3 103.0 103.6 106.3 105.3 94.1 99.2 101.9 99.7 99.4 124.3 120.6 114.3 104.5 103.1 98.6 103.7

1991-2000 94.8 100.6 94.3 : 102.2 101.9 105.5 95.2 : 100.5 : 98.9 : : : : 99.5 98.5 101.5

2001 109.4 101.3 92.9 103.5 101.2 103.6 107.7 93.8 98.5 102.4 99.2 99.0 125.6 130.4 113.1 115.3 96.2 99.3 103.52002 108.0 101.3 93.1 107.9 102.0 103.4 105.7 93.7 97.6 102.8 98.5 98.3 127.4 131.4 118.9 118.1 98.5 98.6 103.92003 110.3 101.2 93.2 107.4 103.9 102.7 107.8 93.7 98.1 102.4 98.9 98.6 127.3 122.8 115.8 117.6 101.1 98.3 104.42004 111.2 99.2 94.4 106.0 103.9 102.7 109.1 92.4 97.9 102.6 98.7 98.5 126.2 122.5 119.5 126.4 102.6 98.0 105.12005 114.8 97.7 94.5 106.1 102.3 101.1 110.3 92.8 98.5 102.5 99.2 98.9 125.9 124.0 116.2 117.1 103.4 98.5 105.52006 117.2 97.3 95.9 106.7 101.1 102.1 112.1 92.4 98.8 102.3 99.4 99.1 126.2 136.9 117.0 118.0 104.9 98.6 105.62007 118.8 97.6 97.1 107.3 99.3 103.5 114.1 93.0 98.7 102.3 99.4 98.9 128.6 142.7 117.9 121.0 104.8 98.1 105.02008 119.8 97.8 96.5 108.0 99.6 105.0 112.9 93.7 99.2 102.5 99.7 99.2 129.3 153.3 125.1 121.8 104.3 99.6 104.92009 108.3 96.1 95.5 103.7 96.0 100.9 106.4 94.2 98.4 101.8 98.9 98.7 126.5 130.8 121.6 113.3 100.8 99.4 102.72010 102.8 96.9 93.1 100.4 94.7 102.0 106.4 94.5 98.5 102.2 99.0 98.8 119.6 125.7 118.3 112.2 105.0 98.5 103.4

2001-2010 112.1 98.6 94.6 105.7 100.4 102.7 109.3 93.4 98.4 102.4 99.1 98.8 126.3 132.0 118.3 118.1 102.2 98.7 104.4

2011 99.6 96.2 93.6 100.5 93.9 102.0 105.8 95.3 98.4 101.1 98.8 98.6 120.7 122.0 118.9 112.8 108.1 100.5 103.72012 103.2 95.2 94.0 99.5 93.3 100.4 105.1 95.1 97.2 101.5 97.8 97.7 117.1 124.4 121.5 113.8 104.9 101.5 103.52013 100.4 94.2 93.4 99.5 93.0 98.1 100.8 95.5 96.5 101.6 97.3 97.2 119.1 120.1 118.1 108.2 105.8 102.3 102.92014 100.9 93.6 93.0 98.1 93.6 98.6 100.4 95.7 96.2 101.6 97.0 97.0 117.9 119.8 117.2 108.1 103.9 102.5 102.92015 99.9 94.0 93.2 97.6 91.9 96.9 100.6 95.1 95.5 101.4 96.5 96.5 117.6 118.5 116.2 107.0 102.6 100.4 102.92016 95.7 92.3 93.3 97.2 90.0 96.0 100.9 95.6 95.5 101.6 96.5 96.6 117.5 122.5 114.9 104.8 102.9 99.0 102.82017 96.3 92.5 92.9 97.8 92.4 95.8 102.1 96.3 95.4 101.3 96.3 96.3 116.3 123.4 113.8 106.6 104.5 99.1 103.02018 99.2 93.8 94.7 98.6 95.2 96.6 103.2 96.6 95.8 101.6 96.7 96.6 115.0 124.2 112.6 108.4 101.2 99.8 103.12019 99.9 94.6 94.4 99.5 96.9 97.1 104.0 95.8 96.0 101.5 96.9 96.8 114.5 123.4 113.2 109.6 97.4 99.8 103.02020 99.9 94.8 94.4 100.1 97.1 97.6 104.4 95.3 96.1 101.2 96.9 96.8 114.2 122.1 114.3 109.7 99.0 99.8 103.2

2011-2020 99.5 94.1 93.7 98.8 93.7 97.9 102.7 95.6 96.2 101.4 97.1 97.0 117.0 122.0 116.1 108.9 103.0 100.5 103.1


54

National final uses

23. Domestic demand including stocks at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 4.6 4.7 : 4.6 8.8 7.8 5.9 6.4 : : : 3.6 : 5.7 4.5 6.4 : : 5.2 : 5.7

1971-1980 3.6 2.9 : 4.6 4.2 3.5 3.5 3.2 : : : 3.0 : 2.7 3.8 5.1 : : 3.8 : 3.3

1981-1990 1.7 1.9 : 1.7 1.3 3.4 2.5 2.4 : : : 4.0 : 1.8 2.1 4.2 : : 3.4 : 2.3

1991 1.7 4.7 : 0.2 3.5 3.0 0.4 2.3 : : : 8.6 : 2.1 3.5 5.9 -8.7 : -8.2 : 2.41992 1.8 2.8 : -0.1 -0.6 1.0 0.7 0.7 : : : -4.3 : 1.6 2.3 5.2 -2.4 : -5.8 : 1.41993 -0.9 -1.1 : 1.0 -1.0 -3.3 -1.4 -4.4 : : : 4.6 : -0.8 0.1 -1.4 10.8 6.7 -4.7 : -2.01994 2.4 2.5 2.6 5.1 1.1 1.5 2.4 1.5 : : : 2.4 : 2.8 3.2 2.4 5.5 -4.8 3.8 : 2.31995 2.1 1.8 5.1 7.0 3.5 3.1 1.7 1.8 10.2 : : 0.7 : 3.3 2.6 2.1 9.5 10.0 6.1 : 2.21996 1.7 0.4 10.8 8.3 4.2 2.2 1.0 0.7 0.9 6.1 8.7 1.7 2.8 4.1 2.0 3.5 3.2 17.5 3.2 1.4 1.31997 2.8 1.0 16.9 9.2 2.9 3.3 1.0 2.7 3.4 5.6 12.1 4.6 -0.1 4.7 1.2 5.6 5.2 6.5 5.8 2.1 2.11998 2.3 2.3 6.2 9.6 6.9 5.9 4.1 2.9 2.8 11.8 8.4 5.8 -1.1 5.5 2.9 7.2 4.4 4.3 6.0 3.7 3.71999 2.4 2.8 -4.4 8.7 2.6 6.1 3.8 2.8 5.4 2.2 -1.0 8.4 5.8 5.2 2.8 5.7 8.3 -6.3 2.3 3.5 3.62000 3.7 2.1 7.6 9.1 4.9 5.1 4.3 3.2 6.3 1.4 1.9 3.8 10.8 3.1 2.4 3.3 1.7 1.0 4.0 3.4 3.4

1991-2000 2.0 1.9 : 5.7 2.8 2.7 1.8 1.4 : : : 3.6 : 3.1 2.3 3.9 3.6 : 1.1 : 2.0

2001 0.1 0.2 8.2 5.3 4.0 3.9 1.8 1.6 3.0 9.4 5.7 2.7 -5.8 3.0 0.4 1.6 1.3 8.1 1.9 1.6 1.52002 -0.2 -2.1 11.9 4.9 4.0 3.5 1.1 1.2 5.7 5.9 7.4 1.7 -2.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 2.8 3.9 1.4 0.4 0.32003 0.7 0.3 10.9 4.8 7.4 3.9 1.3 0.8 4.2 11.4 10.7 4.1 8.2 0.1 2.3 -1.9 4.5 0.0 3.2 1.4 1.32004 3.5 -0.3 6.5 4.4 2.6 4.8 3.0 1.2 7.5 12.1 12.0 2.7 1.5 0.5 2.0 3.0 4.9 6.0 3.6 1.9 1.82005 2.8 0.1 7.5 9.9 0.1 5.1 2.2 0.9 3.7 9.3 8.5 2.8 5.5 1.5 2.1 1.3 1.9 8.6 4.1 1.9 1.82006 1.9 2.8 17.2 7.1 7.8 5.1 2.3 1.9 6.6 18.3 8.7 1.1 3.2 3.4 2.4 0.9 4.7 6.6 2.3 3.1 3.02007 3.5 1.8 9.2 4.0 5.4 4.1 3.3 1.3 7.4 12.4 14.9 5.6 0.9 5.2 2.7 2.2 9.0 6.7 4.7 2.9 2.82008 2.2 1.1 -9.1 -4.0 -0.6 -0.4 0.5 -1.2 10.9 -8.9 3.1 3.8 3.4 0.7 1.1 1.1 3.1 6.1 1.0 0.3 0.22009 -2.0 -3.2 -20.9 -8.4 -6.5 -6.0 -2.5 -4.2 -8.3 -23.0 -24.0 -5.7 -1.4 -2.6 -1.7 -3.6 -9.5 -7.3 -6.4 -3.9 -3.72010 2.1 3.0 0.5 -3.8 -6.7 -0.5 2.1 1.9 3.2 -4.1 1.8 5.8 4.7 -0.1 0.5 1.9 -0.8 4.5 3.2 1.5 1.4

2001-2010 1.4 0.3 3.6 2.3 1.6 2.3 1.5 0.5 4.3 3.5 4.3 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.6 2.1 4.2 1.9 1.1 1.0

2011 2.2 2.9 8.7 -0.3 -11.1 -3.1 2.1 -0.6 -4.0 11.9 6.0 4.5 -1.8 0.4 2.8 -5.7 -0.7 1.1 4.0 0.7 0.62012 0.0 -0.8 8.5 2.2 -9.9 -5.1 -0.4 -5.7 -3.9 1.7 -0.3 2.5 -0.4 -2.2 0.1 -7.3 -5.7 -4.0 -1.2 -2.4 -2.42013 -0.3 0.9 1.3 -1.7 -4.3 -3.2 0.7 -2.6 -9.0 1.9 2.8 2.6 3.3 -0.6 -0.1 -2.0 -2.0 0.3 -1.1 -0.6 -0.62014 2.0 1.6 3.2 8.4 0.9 2.0 1.5 0.2 -1.8 -1.0 3.4 5.8 2.8 0.1 0.5 2.2 1.7 3.5 -0.1 1.3 1.32015 1.6 1.6 1.1 14.6 -1.3 4.0 1.5 1.5 3.9 2.4 6.8 0.8 14.1 6.9 1.2 2.7 1.9 6.0 1.2 2.4 2.32016 2.1 3.0 4.6 22.6 0.5 2.4 1.7 1.5 6.1 2.1 2.2 3.6 1.2 -0.7 2.2 2.0 2.9 1.2 3.2 2.4 2.42017 1.1 2.0 4.2 -13.3 1.6 3.0 2.0 1.4 8.5 6.2 2.9 2.5 -1.2 2.2 2.5 3.0 3.9 2.6 1.8 1.7 1.72018 0.7 1.9 5.5 4.8 0.5 3.0 1.0 0.9 3.0 6.8 2.9 3.1 6.5 2.7 1.7 2.8 4.6 4.2 2.3 1.8 1.72019 1.1 1.3 3.2 3.6 2.7 2.2 1.3 0.1 4.8 3.1 3.5 3.0 7.6 1.8 1.6 2.4 3.5 2.9 1.3 1.4 1.32020 1.4 1.8 2.6 3.3 2.2 1.9 1.6 0.7 4.0 2.8 3.0 2.4 5.5 1.9 1.4 2.2 3.9 2.8 1.1 1.6 1.6

2011-2020 1.2 1.6 4.3 4.0 -1.9 0.7 1.3 -0.3 1.0 3.7 3.3 3.1 3.7 1.2 1.4 0.2 1.3 2.0 1.2 1.0 1.0


55

National final uses

23. Domestic demand including stocks at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 5.4 : : : : 4.5 : : : : : : : : 5.7 10.1 4.2

1971-1980 : : 1.7 : : : : 1.6 : : : : : : : : 4.7 4.1 2.9

1981-1990 : : 1.6 : : : : 2.1 : : : : : : : : 4.7 4.5 3.5

1991 : -17.4 0.4 : : 1.9 -17.5 -2.0 : : : : : : : : 0.6 2.7 -0.71992 : 4.5 1.9 : -2.7 0.7 -8.5 -1.4 : : : : : : : : 4.8 0.5 3.61993 : 3.9 -0.9 : 8.5 5.7 0.6 -5.1 : : : : : : : : 12.5 0.2 3.31994 : 7.4 6.7 : 2.1 4.1 -0.6 3.6 : : : : : : : : -10.2 1.2 4.41995 5.3 8.1 4.4 : -4.7 7.0 10.8 2.5 : : : : : : : : 9.2 3.3 2.51996 -1.0 8.1 2.3 4.5 -0.8 9.3 4.9 1.1 1.6 3.1 1.8 1.6 : : 1.6 8.0 8.1 3.6 3.91997 -23.4 -0.9 4.8 14.5 3.8 8.6 -3.9 1.7 2.3 4.1 2.5 2.4 -18.0 : 3.0 10.6 8.6 0.1 4.71998 14.6 -1.7 3.3 -2.5 7.5 6.1 2.3 4.7 3.7 4.8 3.9 3.9 -2.8 : 3.5 -1.9 1.1 -1.5 5.61999 5.2 1.3 -0.4 -2.4 4.1 5.4 -3.1 3.5 3.4 4.3 3.6 3.6 8.5 : 1.4 -12.6 0.7 -0.1 5.52000 7.2 4.2 3.6 0.7 3.7 3.3 4.6 4.3 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.5 11.8 : 9.3 7.3 7.2 2.3 4.8

1991-2000 : 1.5 2.6 : : 5.2 -1.3 1.3 : : : : : : : : 4.1 1.2 3.7

2001 8.1 3.9 0.2 4.3 2.0 -1.3 8.0 0.6 1.5 3.6 1.9 1.9 9.2 : -2.6 11.1 -12.0 1.2 1.22002 5.1 3.6 1.0 10.7 6.5 1.5 4.7 1.1 0.6 3.4 1.1 1.0 6.4 : 5.8 10.4 11.5 -0.6 2.32003 8.6 3.6 0.6 6.4 5.8 2.5 5.5 2.1 1.5 3.4 1.9 1.7 8.7 : -0.5 6.4 7.7 0.8 3.22004 8.8 3.5 4.3 3.7 5.1 6.3 13.9 2.3 2.2 2.8 2.3 2.0 6.0 : 7.9 15.3 9.0 1.4 4.32005 9.8 3.4 3.5 4.4 1.6 2.4 8.4 2.6 2.0 3.1 2.2 2.1 5.9 : 3.4 1.1 9.3 1.4 3.52006 11.1 5.0 5.1 6.0 1.6 7.2 13.1 4.2 3.4 2.2 3.2 2.9 6.3 : 4.9 9.9 7.3 0.6 2.92007 10.8 6.6 1.9 6.3 -1.1 9.3 15.4 4.7 3.3 2.1 3.1 2.7 9.5 20.9 8.1 13.1 7.1 0.6 1.22008 6.9 2.0 -0.2 3.3 0.1 5.3 9.0 0.1 0.6 -0.9 0.3 0.0 9.6 15.0 9.1 5.9 0.6 -1.3 -1.22009 -10.8 -5.4 -6.2 -10.5 -9.2 -0.2 -10.8 -4.4 -4.1 -4.4 -4.2 -3.9 1.1 -17.3 -2.2 -8.6 -11.3 -4.0 -3.72010 -3.5 1.8 0.7 -4.4 -0.6 4.2 -3.6 6.0 1.5 2.5 1.7 1.7 -0.7 -1.4 1.0 -3.3 18.2 2.4 3.2

2001-2010 5.3 2.7 1.1 2.9 1.1 3.7 6.1 1.9 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.2 6.2 : 3.4 5.9 4.3 0.2 1.7

2011 0.8 -0.1 1.0 -0.2 -0.3 4.2 1.9 3.0 0.9 0.1 0.7 0.6 2.8 -1.6 0.5 3.0 12.8 0.7 1.52012 2.1 -2.1 0.9 -3.4 -3.1 -0.5 0.8 -0.6 -2.1 1.9 -1.5 -1.6 -2.0 -1.8 3.4 -1.7 0.5 2.3 2.22013 -2.5 -0.6 0.8 -0.5 2.2 -0.6 -0.3 1.6 -0.5 2.5 0.0 0.1 1.1 1.6 1.3 -0.3 13.0 2.4 1.62014 3.2 3.4 1.9 -1.4 5.4 4.8 3.7 2.9 1.6 3.4 1.9 1.8 1.2 2.5 4.4 -0.8 3.3 0.4 2.62015 3.3 5.9 2.8 2.2 2.1 3.3 5.3 4.2 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 1.4 3.1 5.3 -0.2 5.2 0.8 3.62016 1.6 1.1 2.5 3.8 1.0 2.3 5.1 3.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.0 8.2 4.9 1.4 4.5 0.0 1.72017 4.8 3.5 2.2 3.6 6.8 4.9 7.6 2.7 2.1 1.4 1.9 1.7 2.6 7.6 0.3 3.8 7.2 1.4 2.52018 6.2 3.9 2.6 3.9 7.0 5.5 5.7 2.0 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.7 2.0 5.6 0.4 5.8 -1.6 0.8 3.02019 4.4 3.3 1.5 3.7 5.6 4.4 4.4 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.3 3.5 2.9 3.6 4.6 -6.1 0.9 2.42020 3.7 2.7 1.7 3.3 2.9 3.9 3.7 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.5 3.4 2.2 4.2 4.0 5.5 0.6 2.0

2011-2020 2.7 2.1 1.8 1.5 2.9 3.2 3.8 2.1 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.8 3.0 2.8 1.9 4.3 1.0 2.3


56

Prices

24. Price deflator gross domestic product at market prices



1961-1970 3.4 3.8 : 5.5 3.0 6.5 4.4 4.4 : : : 4.1 : 5.2 3.8 3.1 : : 5.9 : 4.3

1971-1980 6.9 5.1 : 13.8 14.6 15.1 9.7 15.1 : : : 6.5 : 7.7 6.4 15.7 : : 11.0 : 9.4

1981-1990 4.3 2.8 : 7.0 19.6 9.4 6.2 10.8 : : : 4.1 : 1.8 3.6 16.9 : : 7.1 : 6.3

1991 2.9 3.1 : 1.8 19.8 6.9 2.5 7.7 3.9 162.6 227.9 1.8 : 3.1 3.6 10.9 94.9 : 1.6 : 4.71992 3.4 5.3 : 2.8 14.8 6.7 2.0 4.5 5.8 932.2 943.0 3.7 3.6 2.5 3.5 9.0 208.2 : 0.9 : 4.41993 4.0 4.1 : 5.2 14.4 4.5 1.6 3.9 5.1 64.8 306.2 6.0 2.8 1.6 2.8 5.3 37.1 15.6 1.8 : 3.61994 2.1 2.2 39.7 1.7 11.2 3.9 0.9 3.6 5.3 36.2 61.6 3.5 3.5 2.1 2.5 6.8 22.6 13.4 1.8 2.7 2.51995 1.2 2.0 31.4 2.9 9.8 4.9 1.1 5.2 -0.5 15.1 46.4 2.3 4.8 2.1 1.8 5.6 23.0 9.9 4.2 2.9 2.81996 0.4 0.6 24.7 2.0 7.6 3.5 1.4 4.6 2.6 12.6 19.0 4.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 2.4 11.4 4.5 -0.1 1.9 1.81997 0.9 0.3 10.2 3.9 6.6 2.4 0.9 2.6 2.2 5.8 11.5 -1.0 1.3 2.6 1.3 3.9 8.4 4.9 2.1 1.5 1.41998 1.8 0.6 7.9 6.5 5.1 2.5 1.0 2.5 2.0 4.8 3.4 -2.0 2.5 2.1 0.4 3.8 7.4 5.0 3.1 1.6 1.61999 0.6 0.3 7.4 4.3 3.6 2.7 0.2 1.6 2.3 1.5 -1.3 5.8 1.6 1.3 0.3 3.4 6.6 7.3 0.9 1.0 1.02000 2.0 -0.4 3.8 6.9 1.6 3.3 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.6 1.3 2.2 2.2 3.4 1.4 3.5 5.4 9.4 1.6 1.5 1.4

1991-2000 1.9 1.8 : 3.8 9.3 4.1 1.3 3.8 3.1 57.2 84.2 2.7 : 2.2 1.8 5.4 33.6 : 1.8 : 2.5

2001 2.1 1.3 6.3 6.8 3.5 4.1 2.0 3.0 3.7 2.3 -0.3 0.5 2.4 4.2 1.9 3.7 8.7 5.1 3.3 2.5 2.52002 1.7 1.4 5.0 5.2 3.3 4.1 2.1 3.4 0.3 5.1 0.3 1.7 2.8 3.8 1.1 4.2 7.6 4.0 1.0 2.5 2.52003 2.0 1.2 4.3 4.0 3.5 3.9 1.9 3.2 5.4 4.9 -0.8 2.7 2.9 2.2 1.3 3.4 5.7 5.4 0.2 2.2 2.22004 2.0 1.1 4.9 0.7 3.1 3.9 1.6 2.5 2.7 6.8 2.7 3.0 1.5 1.2 1.7 2.4 3.3 5.8 0.6 1.9 1.92005 2.1 0.6 6.1 3.1 2.2 4.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 11.2 6.9 4.2 2.2 2.0 2.5 3.3 1.6 2.4 0.9 1.9 1.92006 2.3 0.3 8.9 3.5 3.5 4.0 2.2 1.9 3.1 12.4 6.7 7.0 2.7 2.6 1.9 3.2 2.2 2.9 0.9 1.9 1.92007 2.0 1.7 11.5 1.2 3.4 3.3 2.6 2.4 4.1 20.1 8.6 1.5 2.8 2.1 2.2 3.0 4.2 1.1 2.8 2.4 2.32008 1.9 0.8 7.5 -0.4 4.3 2.1 2.4 2.5 4.7 11.8 9.7 3.9 3.0 2.3 2.0 1.7 4.5 2.8 3.1 2.0 1.92009 0.8 1.8 0.4 -4.6 2.6 0.3 0.1 2.0 0.3 -9.7 -3.3 1.4 2.7 0.2 1.9 1.1 3.4 -1.2 1.9 0.9 1.02010 1.9 0.8 1.7 -3.3 0.7 0.2 1.1 0.3 2.0 -0.8 2.4 3.6 3.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 -1.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7

2001-2010 1.9 1.1 5.6 1.6 3.0 3.0 1.8 2.3 2.8 6.1 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.1 1.7 2.7 4.0 2.9 1.5 1.9 1.9

2011 2.0 1.1 5.3 -1.6 0.8 0.0 0.9 1.5 1.8 6.4 5.2 4.8 2.2 0.2 1.8 -0.3 1.1 1.6 2.6 1.0 1.02012 2.0 1.5 3.2 2.2 -0.4 0.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 3.6 2.7 2.6 2.2 1.4 2.1 -0.4 0.5 1.3 3.0 1.3 1.32013 1.0 2.0 3.6 1.3 -2.4 0.4 0.8 1.2 -1.2 1.6 1.3 1.7 2.0 1.3 1.6 2.3 1.6 0.5 2.6 1.2 1.22014 0.7 1.8 3.0 -0.2 -1.8 -0.2 0.6 1.0 -1.6 1.8 1.0 2.7 2.5 0.3 2.2 0.8 0.8 -0.2 1.7 0.9 0.92015 1.0 2.0 1.0 7.4 -0.3 0.5 1.1 0.9 -1.2 0.0 0.3 -0.4 2.6 0.8 2.2 2.0 1.0 -0.2 1.7 1.4 1.42016 1.8 1.4 1.5 -0.8 -0.2 0.3 0.2 1.2 -0.6 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.4 0.5 1.4 1.8 0.8 -0.5 0.1 0.8 0.82017 1.7 1.5 3.9 0.4 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.5 1.7 3.2 4.3 2.2 2.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.12018 1.2 1.9 4.6 1.5 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.6 4.2 3.4 3.8 2.2 2.2 1.6 1.4 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.4 1.42019 1.5 2.1 3.3 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.7 1.1 2.7 3.0 1.8 2.3 2.4 2.0 1.4 2.4 2.6 1.5 1.6 1.62020 1.6 2.1 2.7 1.9 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.3 2.0 2.7 1.7 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.6 2.9 2.5 1.9 1.6 1.6

2011-2020 1.4 1.7 3.2 1.3 -0.1 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.5 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.2


57

Prices

24. Price deflator gross domestic product at market prices



1961-1970 : : 6.2 : : : : 4.2 : 4.6 : 4.4 : : : : 6.0 5.7 2.7

1971-1980 : : 9.7 : : : : 9.6 : 14.1 : 10.1 : : : : 32.8 7.8 6.9

1981-1990 : : 5.7 : : : : 7.7 : 6.8 : 6.4 : : : : 46.4 1.5 4.2

1991 : 42.8 2.7 : : 55.3 195.6 8.5 : 6.6 : 5.1 : : 93.8 : 58.8 2.6 3.41992 59.6 14.8 1.7 : 20.3 38.6 199.7 1.3 : 3.1 : 4.0 : : 1272.0 : 63.7 1.6 2.31993 51.1 21.4 0.6 : 21.3 30.6 227.3 2.7 : 2.7 : 3.4 : : 442.1 : 67.8 0.4 2.41994 72.7 11.5 1.6 : 19.5 37.2 139.0 2.6 : 1.3 : 2.3 : : 151.9 : 106.5 0.1 2.11995 62.4 9.1 1.3 : 26.7 28.0 35.3 3.8 : 2.5 : 2.7 : : 17.1 : 87.2 -0.5 2.11996 56.6 10.0 2.0 3.8 22.0 18.0 44.0 1.0 2.7 4.1 2.9 2.1 : : 2.9 85.2 77.8 -0.5 1.81997 949.2 8.4 2.0 6.9 20.0 13.7 135.3 1.6 3.6 0.7 3.2 1.3 11.2 : 3.9 18.4 81.5 0.5 1.71998 33.0 9.9 1.2 8.3 13.6 11.0 48.1 0.8 2.2 1.1 2.0 1.5 6.7 : 1.4 25.4 75.7 0.0 1.11999 3.2 3.0 1.7 3.7 8.1 6.2 49.5 0.9 1.5 0.8 1.4 1.0 2.1 : 2.7 33.2 54.3 -1.3 1.42000 7.2 1.8 3.0 4.4 9.9 6.1 43.2 1.6 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.6 5.6 : 8.2 78.6 49.3 -1.4 2.2

1991-2000 : 12.8 1.8 : : 23.5 99.7 2.5 : 2.5 : 2.5 : : 86.6 : 71.5 0.1 2.1

2001 6.1 4.9 2.5 4.2 11.2 3.1 38.0 2.5 2.8 0.8 2.4 2.1 3.8 20.2 4.7 89.2 52.9 -1.1 2.22002 3.8 2.7 2.3 3.5 8.3 1.8 22.7 1.6 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.4 3.6 3.0 0.9 18.0 37.6 -1.5 1.62003 2.3 1.2 1.5 4.1 5.5 0.8 23.2 1.8 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 5.2 8.4 1.7 12.6 23.3 -1.6 1.92004 5.7 3.9 2.1 3.7 5.0 4.9 15.5 0.4 2.1 2.5 2.1 1.9 3.2 5.9 -0.2 9.1 12.4 -1.1 2.72005 6.5 0.1 2.9 3.4 2.4 2.6 12.0 0.8 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.0 3.3 4.3 4.9 20.6 7.1 -1.0 3.12006 6.7 0.7 2.1 4.0 3.5 1.7 10.6 1.8 2.0 2.9 2.2 2.1 2.5 9.0 3.3 12.4 9.4 -0.9 3.02007 11.1 3.5 2.4 4.1 5.4 3.7 15.8 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.4 4.4 16.0 4.6 8.7 6.2 -0.7 2.72008 8.1 2.1 4.1 5.7 5.0 3.9 16.0 3.3 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.2 4.1 7.6 5.5 9.1 12.0 -1.0 1.92009 4.0 2.6 0.5 2.8 4.0 3.8 4.1 2.4 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.1 2.4 2.4 0.3 7.9 5.4 -0.6 0.82010 1.1 -1.4 3.2 0.8 2.4 1.7 3.5 1.0 0.8 1.5 0.9 0.9 4.5 1.6 2.0 5.7 7.0 -1.9 1.2

2001-2010 5.5 2.0 2.4 3.6 5.3 2.8 15.8 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 3.7 7.7 2.8 17.5 16.5 -1.1 2.1

2011 6.0 0.0 0.6 1.7 2.3 3.2 3.8 1.2 1.1 1.9 1.2 1.1 2.3 1.2 3.7 8.9 8.2 -1.7 2.12012 1.6 1.5 2.4 1.5 3.4 2.3 4.0 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.2 1.0 6.2 7.4 -0.8 1.92013 -0.7 1.4 0.9 0.8 2.9 0.3 3.4 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.3 0.3 2.1 4.5 5.1 6.3 -0.3 1.82014 0.5 2.5 1.0 0.0 3.4 0.5 1.7 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.4 2.6 7.4 1.7 1.92015 2.2 1.2 0.4 0.0 1.9 0.8 2.6 2.1 1.4 0.4 1.2 1.3 0.6 2.2 2.0 1.8 7.8 2.1 1.12016 2.2 1.3 0.7 -0.1 0.9 0.3 2.5 1.6 0.9 2.1 1.1 1.1 -0.6 5.1 3.5 1.5 8.1 0.3 1.12017 3.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 3.8 2.0 4.7 2.3 1.3 2.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 3.8 3.4 3.0 10.8 -0.2 1.92018 3.6 2.1 0.4 1.7 4.5 1.1 5.9 2.2 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.5 0.7 2.5 4.3 2.0 16.2 -0.1 2.32019 2.7 2.1 1.6 1.5 4.0 1.8 5.2 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.9 2.4 3.0 14.1 0.4 1.92020 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 3.4 2.4 3.7 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.7 3.1 10.8 0.4 1.8

2011-2020 2.4 1.5 1.1 1.0 3.0 1.5 3.7 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.1 2.2 2.8 3.7 9.7 0.2 1.8


58

Prices

25. Price deflator private final consumption expenditure



1961-1970 3.1 2.7 : 5.1 2.4 5.8 4.2 4.1 : : : 2.5 : 4.1 3.5 2.6 : : 4.7 : 3.7

1971-1980 6.8 5.2 : 14.0 13.9 15.0 9.7 15.1 : : : 6.5 : 7.3 6.2 15.5 : : 11.2 : 9.5

1981-1990 4.2 2.6 : 7.1 19.0 9.2 6.3 10.2 : : : 4.8 : 2.2 3.5 16.2 : : 6.3 : 6.3

1991 2.8 2.9 : 2.7 19.7 6.4 2.7 7.3 : : : 3.4 : 3.6 3.2 10.2 105.3 : 4.8 : 4.71992 1.8 4.2 : 3.0 15.7 6.6 2.5 5.4 : : : 4.3 : 3.1 3.4 7.8 204.0 : 3.5 : 4.51993 2.5 3.7 : 2.2 14.1 5.3 1.5 5.5 : : : 4.0 : 2.2 3.0 5.5 31.5 : 3.6 : 3.91994 2.3 2.1 37.0 2.7 11.0 4.9 0.9 5.1 : : : 2.6 : 2.6 2.3 6.8 20.3 : 0.6 : 2.91995 1.5 1.3 24.7 2.8 9.0 4.8 1.0 6.3 -2.8 : : 2.0 : 2.1 2.2 5.1 23.4 9.2 0.3 : 2.71996 0.6 1.0 24.3 3.3 7.8 2.9 1.6 4.0 2.1 14.0 18.2 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.4 2.9 10.8 4.5 1.0 2.1 2.01997 1.5 1.3 9.8 2.8 4.6 2.8 0.8 2.2 1.6 7.7 9.3 1.4 3.7 2.3 1.6 3.0 8.5 4.4 2.0 1.7 1.71998 1.2 0.5 7.2 3.9 4.9 1.6 0.2 1.9 0.7 5.1 5.8 1.4 3.3 1.8 0.3 2.5 6.9 5.7 1.7 1.2 1.11999 0.6 0.4 3.9 3.0 2.8 2.1 -0.5 1.9 1.4 3.0 -1.2 2.2 1.0 1.8 0.1 2.5 6.3 9.8 1.4 0.9 0.92000 3.2 0.8 3.4 4.8 3.2 4.0 2.3 3.4 1.7 2.8 -1.7 2.9 1.2 3.0 2.1 3.7 7.2 8.3 3.1 2.4 2.4

1991-2000 1.8 1.8 : 3.1 9.1 4.1 1.3 4.3 : : : 2.5 : 2.4 1.9 5.0 33.4 : 2.2 : 2.7

2001 2.0 1.7 6.3 4.4 2.8 3.5 2.0 2.6 1.6 2.3 2.4 1.8 2.7 3.2 2.4 3.8 7.5 5.6 2.6 2.4 2.42002 1.4 1.3 3.7 5.1 2.2 2.8 0.8 2.9 1.2 5.6 -0.4 1.4 1.9 3.4 1.0 3.5 7.5 2.9 1.6 1.9 1.92003 1.6 1.8 2.1 3.9 2.5 3.2 1.7 2.9 2.2 5.1 -1.6 2.2 1.1 2.3 1.5 3.6 5.2 6.6 1.0 2.2 2.22004 2.4 1.0 4.1 1.8 3.3 3.6 2.1 2.4 1.6 7.0 -0.2 2.3 3.2 1.3 1.7 2.3 3.0 7.2 0.3 2.0 2.02005 2.7 1.5 4.4 1.6 3.0 3.4 1.8 2.1 3.1 9.7 2.4 3.3 3.0 1.8 2.4 3.8 2.2 2.7 1.0 2.1 2.12006 3.1 1.1 6.1 2.5 3.2 3.6 2.2 2.6 3.6 10.0 4.7 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.1 3.5 2.4 4.9 1.3 2.3 2.22007 2.9 1.6 7.7 3.0 3.6 3.3 2.1 2.3 3.8 11.7 5.9 2.3 1.3 2.0 2.5 3.4 4.1 2.6 1.9 2.3 2.32008 3.2 1.7 8.3 1.6 4.3 3.6 2.8 3.1 4.7 13.4 10.9 3.1 3.7 2.1 2.1 2.8 5.6 4.5 3.4 2.7 2.62009 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2 -6.4 0.9 -0.9 -1.5 -0.4 0.3 -3.7 4.3 -0.5 2.0 -1.5 0.3 -1.9 0.9 0.1 1.8 -0.7 -0.82010 1.7 2.0 3.5 -2.1 3.6 2.0 1.1 1.4 2.3 -2.5 1.3 1.2 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.6

2001-2010 2.1 1.3 4.6 1.5 3.0 2.8 1.5 2.2 2.4 5.7 2.9 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.6 4.0 3.8 1.6 1.9 1.8

2011 3.0 2.0 5.7 0.9 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.9 2.8 6.1 4.1 3.0 2.1 2.1 3.2 1.7 1.8 3.9 3.2 2.3 2.32012 2.0 1.5 4.0 1.6 0.4 2.4 1.4 2.7 2.3 3.4 3.1 2.0 2.6 1.3 2.4 1.8 1.7 3.4 2.8 1.9 1.82013 0.8 1.0 3.0 1.8 -1.8 1.0 0.7 1.2 -0.2 0.2 1.0 1.7 1.1 2.1 2.1 0.8 2.1 1.3 2.5 1.0 1.02014 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.2 -2.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.8 1.7 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.9 2.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 1.3 0.5 0.52015 0.7 0.6 -0.1 0.4 -1.7 -0.2 0.3 0.2 -1.6 -1.0 -0.9 -0.1 1.7 0.2 1.5 0.9 -0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.3 0.32016 1.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 -0.8 0.0 -0.1 0.2 -1.4 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.0 -0.5 -0.3 0.4 0.4 0.42017 1.8 1.6 3.7 1.3 0.6 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.9 3.1 3.3 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.7 1.4 0.6 1.4 1.42018 1.8 1.6 3.3 1.8 0.3 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.2 2.8 2.4 1.8 0.8 2.0 2.0 1.2 2.4 2.3 1.3 1.5 1.52019 1.7 1.5 2.6 1.9 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9 2.8 2.4 1.8 1.4 2.5 1.8 1.1 2.2 2.5 1.4 1.4 1.42020 1.6 1.5 2.3 1.9 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 2.4 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 2.4 2.4 1.6 1.4 1.4

2011-2020 1.6 1.3 2.6 1.3 -0.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.5 2.2 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.5 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.2


59

Prices

25. Price deflator private final consumption expenditure



1961-1970 : : 5.3 : : : : 4.0 : 4.3 : 3.9 : : : : 5.9 5.6 2.4

1971-1980 : : 9.8 : : : : 9.6 : 13.8 : 10.2 : : : : 32.9 8.8 7.0

1981-1990 : : 5.5 : : : : 7.8 : 6.3 : 6.3 : : : : 47.0 1.8 4.4

1991 : 46.6 2.8 : : 67.8 182.9 10.5 : 7.3 : 5.3 : : : : 60.7 2.8 3.31992 77.6 11.9 1.2 : : 44.4 205.5 2.4 : 4.0 : 4.3 : : : : 65.6 1.7 2.71993 68.0 17.7 1.1 : : 31.5 234.5 5.5 : 3.3 : 3.8 : : : : 65.9 1.0 2.51994 81.9 8.2 2.6 : : 37.9 141.9 2.6 : 1.6 : 2.7 : : : : 108.9 0.5 2.11995 48.6 8.3 1.8 : : 27.2 36.7 3.0 : 3.0 : 2.8 : : : : 92.4 -0.4 2.11996 112.9 7.9 1.7 3.7 23.0 18.9 46.4 0.9 3.0 3.4 3.1 2.2 : : 3.5 83.2 67.8 0.0 2.11997 1042.0 8.7 1.9 4.7 17.9 14.4 133.8 1.4 4.2 1.9 3.8 1.7 25.7 : 3.2 13.3 82.1 1.2 1.71998 21.6 8.4 1.5 6.3 13.7 10.5 45.8 0.5 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.2 18.6 : 0.8 27.8 83.0 0.0 0.81999 2.4 2.1 1.9 3.8 9.3 6.3 45.0 1.5 1.5 0.6 1.3 0.9 2.4 : -0.3 36.1 53.2 -0.7 1.52000 4.9 3.5 2.8 5.5 11.3 9.9 37.5 1.0 2.8 0.7 2.4 2.0 1.7 : 8.6 70.5 54.9 -0.9 2.5

1991-2000 : 11.8 1.9 : : 25.7 98.5 2.9 : 2.7 : 2.7 : : : : 72.7 0.5 2.1

2001 5.6 3.5 2.3 4.7 9.6 3.6 34.7 2.2 2.7 0.4 2.2 1.9 2.2 : 7.6 89.3 49.7 -1.1 1.92002 3.4 1.4 1.9 2.3 6.1 3.0 20.3 1.4 2.1 0.6 1.8 1.6 3.5 : 0.3 15.6 38.7 -1.4 1.32003 0.7 0.1 1.2 2.3 4.4 0.5 16.0 1.6 2.3 1.2 2.0 2.0 0.9 : 2.5 8.6 23.4 -1.0 1.92004 3.4 3.1 1.2 2.1 5.4 4.6 12.8 0.8 2.1 1.5 2.0 1.8 0.9 : -1.2 10.2 10.9 -0.6 2.52005 6.8 1.1 1.7 3.3 3.6 2.2 6.8 1.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 : 1.5 18.6 8.3 -0.4 2.82006 2.1 1.8 2.2 3.4 3.2 1.5 4.8 1.2 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.4 : 3.2 8.3 9.8 0.0 2.72007 8.9 2.9 1.7 2.9 6.6 2.2 6.9 1.4 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.2 3.4 4.1 1.3 6.6 6.6 -0.4 2.52008 6.3 4.7 2.9 5.6 5.7 4.1 10.7 3.1 3.0 4.0 3.2 2.9 3.3 5.9 7.9 10.2 10.8 0.7 3.02009 0.8 0.9 1.3 3.3 4.1 2.7 3.8 2.2 -0.3 0.9 -0.1 -0.4 2.3 2.6 0.9 8.4 5.0 -2.2 -0.12010 2.4 0.5 2.5 1.5 3.7 2.5 5.9 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 3.0 2.2 0.0 7.6 6.6 -1.4 1.7

2001-2010 4.0 2.0 1.9 3.1 5.2 2.7 11.9 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.8 2.4 : 2.3 16.5 16.1 -0.8 2.0

2011 3.4 1.7 2.3 2.4 3.7 4.9 3.8 1.7 2.4 3.8 2.6 2.5 3.3 3.7 9.7 9.7 7.3 -0.6 2.52012 3.6 2.2 2.4 3.2 6.2 3.3 4.5 0.5 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.9 -0.7 7.3 7.7 -0.6 1.92013 -2.6 0.8 0.8 1.9 1.9 0.4 2.6 0.7 1.0 2.3 1.3 1.3 2.1 1.9 2.5 6.2 6.1 -0.1 1.32014 0.0 0.6 0.6 -0.5 0.9 -0.1 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.9 0.7 0.8 1.5 -1.0 0.1 1.8 7.7 2.0 1.52015 1.2 0.1 0.4 -0.5 -0.2 -1.1 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.5 2.0 0.0 1.9 7.8 0.4 0.22016 -0.1 0.5 0.5 -1.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.7 1.0 0.4 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.9 -0.4 -0.4 2.0 6.6 -0.5 1.12017 2.3 2.4 1.2 1.0 2.6 1.7 2.7 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.4 3.0 10.8 0.2 1.82018 2.5 2.6 0.9 1.2 3.2 1.7 3.7 2.3 1.6 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 2.1 14.9 0.5 2.02019 2.0 2.5 1.3 1.0 3.2 2.1 3.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 2.3 1.3 1.0 2.3 12.9 0.2 1.82020 1.8 2.4 1.6 1.2 3.2 2.6 3.1 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 2.4 1.9 1.0 2.5 9.5 0.4 1.8

2011-2020 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.0 2.4 1.5 2.6 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.6 3.8 9.1 0.2 1.6


60

Prices

26. Price deflator exports of goods and services



1961-1970 2.4 1.7 : 1.9 1.0 6.6 2.1 1.1 : : : 2.0 : 1.3 2.3 1.5 : : 4.8 : 2.0

1971-1980 6.9 5.0 : 14.3 14.9 13.2 8.8 16.1 : : : 5.9 : 6.9 4.9 16.1 : : 11.6 : 8.4

1981-1990 3.9 2.0 : 4.4 15.6 7.9 4.5 7.8 : : : 4.1 : 0.4 2.2 13.1 : : 4.0 : 4.0

1991 -0.6 1.4 : -0.3 14.0 1.5 -0.8 4.5 : : : 1.2 : 0.3 0.9 1.1 104.7 : -0.4 : 1.21992 -1.1 1.0 : -2.0 10.1 2.9 -2.2 1.2 : : : 1.8 : -1.9 -0.1 -1.9 187.9 : 6.2 : 0.11993 -1.3 0.2 : 6.8 9.1 5.0 -1.9 11.0 : : : 5.7 : -2.5 0.4 1.7 30.4 0.0 6.4 : 1.81994 1.3 0.8 43.0 0.2 8.6 4.6 -0.5 4.0 : : : 3.1 : 0.6 1.5 4.7 17.3 10.7 1.4 : 1.51995 1.6 1.4 24.3 1.9 8.7 5.9 -0.9 8.8 -7.4 : : 1.5 : 0.7 1.7 3.7 9.1 8.4 4.9 : 2.51996 -1.3 -0.2 16.6 -0.5 5.4 1.9 0.5 0.0 2.7 13.7 12.2 6.2 4.2 0.7 0.9 -0.8 13.4 4.3 -0.5 0.4 0.21997 1.1 0.8 13.8 1.1 2.7 3.2 1.1 1.3 3.4 0.4 4.4 2.5 -0.9 2.7 0.7 3.3 5.2 6.5 -1.0 1.5 1.41998 -1.3 -0.7 3.1 3.2 5.0 0.6 -1.6 1.1 1.5 5.2 -6.9 0.5 -2.3 -1.6 -0.1 1.4 2.8 -5.0 -1.0 -0.4 -0.41999 0.0 -0.7 0.1 2.2 1.4 0.1 -1.6 0.4 2.2 -0.6 -0.3 6.0 -0.5 -1.5 0.1 0.4 2.2 -1.1 -5.0 -0.5 -0.52000 5.8 2.7 8.2 5.3 6.4 6.7 2.5 4.3 4.6 0.5 9.6 8.8 9.4 5.7 1.7 5.5 10.5 17.3 3.5 4.1 4.0

1991-2000 0.4 0.7 : 1.8 7.1 3.2 -0.6 3.6 : : : 3.7 : 0.3 0.8 1.9 29.8 : 1.4 : 1.2

2001 1.4 0.7 5.8 -0.4 3.4 1.7 -0.2 2.4 3.2 3.1 -2.2 -3.4 -2.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 8.0 4.9 -1.3 0.8 0.82002 -1.1 -0.6 3.0 -0.6 2.3 0.4 -1.4 1.4 -1.4 3.0 -4.2 -0.9 2.4 -1.8 0.1 0.1 4.5 1.0 -2.5 -0.5 -0.62003 -1.3 -1.3 0.1 -2.7 1.7 -0.3 -1.7 -0.1 3.1 8.0 -2.0 -0.7 2.1 -1.0 0.0 -1.5 2.8 1.5 -1.4 -1.0 -1.12004 2.1 -0.2 1.9 0.3 2.0 1.8 0.5 1.0 3.0 10.0 7.7 6.1 0.0 0.8 1.1 1.7 3.0 1.8 -0.4 0.8 0.72005 3.7 1.2 3.6 2.1 2.4 4.0 1.8 1.9 1.6 10.1 8.6 7.6 2.6 3.1 2.0 1.6 2.8 1.6 1.2 2.2 2.22006 2.6 1.1 5.6 1.7 3.3 4.1 2.0 2.2 1.2 8.3 5.1 8.5 5.3 2.9 2.5 4.4 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.22007 2.2 0.3 6.2 0.1 2.7 2.4 1.9 2.4 3.5 11.7 5.8 5.6 1.2 1.4 1.9 1.9 2.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.52008 3.9 1.0 6.5 3.1 4.3 2.6 3.2 2.9 2.7 8.3 12.5 -0.5 2.2 4.4 2.6 2.7 1.4 1.4 -0.2 2.5 2.52009 -5.4 -2.6 -2.2 -4.0 -2.1 -2.7 -3.7 -2.0 0.3 -4.4 -14.1 -3.8 0.1 -5.8 -2.8 -5.0 -1.1 -5.1 -5.9 -3.5 -3.52010 4.6 2.3 3.6 2.8 5.7 3.0 2.3 2.3 1.9 5.8 10.1 4.7 4.3 4.6 3.0 3.3 2.2 3.0 3.8 3.0 3.0

2001-2010 1.2 0.2 3.4 0.2 2.5 1.7 0.4 1.4 1.9 6.3 2.4 2.2 1.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 2.8 1.2 -0.4 0.8 0.7

2011 3.9 2.6 5.1 -0.6 5.8 4.5 2.9 4.0 1.9 8.8 11.0 5.3 6.8 4.7 4.1 5.0 4.2 4.0 4.5 3.5 3.42012 2.7 1.8 2.0 4.1 2.5 2.0 1.4 1.9 2.5 4.1 3.3 4.2 1.0 2.4 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 2.0 2.02013 -0.3 -0.5 0.7 -1.1 -1.5 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3 0.1 1.3 -1.7 2.4 0.4 -0.8 0.0 -1.0 -0.7 -1.9 -1.1 -0.5 -0.52014 -1.9 -0.2 0.0 0.4 -2.1 -1.5 -0.7 -0.1 -1.5 -1.5 -2.3 2.7 1.3 -1.9 -0.1 -1.2 -0.1 -3.3 -0.4 -0.7 -0.62015 -3.0 1.1 -1.2 7.4 -6.2 0.7 0.8 -0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -5.1 4.0 1.5 -1.9 -0.8 -1.3 -0.1 -1.4 -1.0 0.4 0.42016 -1.7 -0.8 0.1 -1.9 -3.4 -1.1 -1.6 -0.8 -0.3 -2.1 -2.5 -1.0 1.2 -2.8 -0.7 -1.6 -1.4 -1.5 -1.9 -1.4 -1.42017 2.2 1.6 3.8 -0.3 5.0 2.7 0.8 1.5 0.6 3.5 4.4 5.5 2.8 3.0 1.8 3.3 2.5 2.2 3.3 1.9 1.82018 1.4 1.1 2.4 0.0 3.3 1.2 0.9 1.7 1.4 3.4 3.6 2.6 2.2 2.2 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.8 4.0 1.4 1.42019 1.4 0.7 1.3 0.9 2.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.0 1.7 2.3 2.0 2.6 1.1 0.7 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.12020 1.3 0.5 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.4 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.1 1.1

2011-2020 0.6 0.8 1.6 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.9 1.4 2.9 2.2 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.9


61

Prices

26. Price deflator exports of goods and services



1961-1970 : : 3.1 : : : : 1.9 : 3.2 : 2.2 : : : : 4.8 0.6 2.2

1971-1980 : : 9.0 : : : : 10.0 : 13.4 : 9.2 : : : : 36.2 5.4 8.9

1981-1990 : : 3.7 : : : : 5.6 : 4.3 : 4.1 : : : : 45.2 -2.2 1.4

1991 : 55.8 1.4 : : 20.6 231.7 2.0 : 1.8 : 1.3 : : : : 61.0 -3.3 1.11992 : 6.9 1.4 : 10.1 29.2 314.8 -2.8 : 0.7 : 0.1 : : : : 62.5 -2.9 -0.51993 : 6.1 -1.7 : 12.9 27.2 148.8 8.7 : 9.1 : 2.9 : : : : 59.9 -7.1 0.11994 : 4.8 -0.4 : 18.6 31.7 125.8 3.6 : 1.2 : 1.5 : : : : 164.8 -3.4 1.21995 : 6.4 0.9 : 33.9 19.6 37.3 7.1 : 3.3 : 2.7 : : : : 73.0 -2.3 2.21996 97.9 6.0 1.5 4.7 19.5 8.2 45.6 -4.5 1.1 1.7 1.1 0.3 : : 2.0 90.3 69.0 3.4 -1.31997 730.6 5.7 2.7 8.9 15.6 14.0 114.7 -0.2 4.0 -5.7 2.7 0.4 6.4 : 7.9 3.0 87.0 1.8 -1.81998 42.3 4.2 -2.1 4.0 13.1 13.1 20.4 -1.2 0.1 -4.7 -0.6 -1.1 -2.4 : 6.7 37.6 60.1 1.1 -2.41999 17.2 1.0 -0.5 4.6 4.8 5.8 60.8 -1.6 -0.1 0.5 0.0 -0.4 -2.2 : 2.7 14.5 51.5 -8.7 -0.82000 14.9 3.8 8.2 9.6 10.0 1.3 45.9 2.3 4.3 2.4 4.1 3.8 -2.8 : 8.9 31.8 42.1 -4.0 1.9

1991-2000 : 9.2 1.1 : : 16.7 98.2 1.3 : 0.9 : 1.1 : : : : 70.6 -2.6 0.0

2001 4.8 0.3 1.6 3.7 3.0 1.3 30.1 2.6 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.8 3.3 : 4.8 209.2 87.9 2.5 -0.82002 -2.6 -4.8 -1.1 1.3 -4.1 4.7 20.1 -1.5 -0.5 -1.5 -0.6 -0.8 2.7 : -3.0 3.4 25.1 -1.4 -0.82003 3.3 0.1 -1.1 2.3 0.1 6.2 17.3 -2.0 -0.7 1.7 -0.4 -0.7 -1.1 : 8.9 5.5 10.9 -3.7 1.52004 7.5 2.7 2.0 3.4 -1.1 7.9 18.8 -0.3 1.0 -0.8 0.8 0.5 -2.1 : -1.0 16.2 13.0 -1.4 3.62005 8.6 -2.2 5.5 2.5 -0.5 -2.4 2.3 2.6 2.1 3.4 2.3 2.5 -9.1 : 5.6 30.6 -0.2 1.4 3.52006 17.0 -1.3 2.8 4.2 6.4 2.3 7.9 3.1 2.4 1.9 2.3 2.2 1.7 : 5.1 15.9 13.3 3.2 3.22007 10.3 0.3 1.2 4.1 -3.9 2.7 2.5 2.0 1.5 -1.1 1.2 1.1 4.1 1.1 14.2 3.3 1.9 2.3 3.82008 12.2 -4.3 5.0 5.6 0.8 -0.7 18.0 4.0 2.5 9.7 3.3 3.5 5.1 4.3 14.4 6.7 17.1 -3.9 4.72009 -8.5 0.5 -8.4 -0.6 2.9 11.4 3.7 1.3 -2.8 3.8 -2.0 -2.6 0.8 -4.0 -11.9 9.9 3.2 -11.8 -6.02010 9.4 -1.1 9.5 2.1 1.8 0.3 7.2 -0.7 2.9 5.3 3.2 3.3 0.8 4.8 3.4 11.6 3.4 -1.7 4.1

2001-2010 6.0 -1.0 1.6 2.8 0.5 3.3 12.4 1.1 0.9 2.2 1.1 1.0 0.5 : 3.8 23.2 15.5 -1.5 1.6

2011 12.9 0.7 1.3 6.2 3.4 6.8 7.9 -1.0 3.4 5.2 3.6 3.4 2.8 4.2 8.2 7.6 15.4 -2.3 6.32012 2.5 3.1 3.0 2.4 3.1 3.8 6.1 -1.0 2.1 -0.6 1.8 1.6 1.1 0.8 -5.0 11.4 4.2 -1.8 0.82013 -2.9 1.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -5.1 -2.5 -0.5 2.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 1.4 -3.1 1.9 7.3 10.4 0.22014 -0.7 4.0 -0.8 -0.2 1.1 0.0 0.6 2.0 -0.4 -2.8 -0.7 -0.8 -0.3 0.6 -0.9 2.2 11.5 3.0 0.02015 -1.2 -1.3 0.7 -0.4 -0.1 1.1 1.6 2.1 0.4 -4.4 -0.1 -0.1 -1.6 4.9 -0.1 1.9 7.7 0.8 -5.02016 -1.9 -2.4 -4.0 -0.8 -1.0 0.2 -7.1 -1.2 -1.5 6.1 -0.7 -0.5 -2.0 -1.5 1.4 0.6 6.9 -8.5 -2.02017 6.9 -0.6 1.9 2.5 1.5 1.7 2.7 3.3 1.9 5.0 2.2 2.3 1.6 8.0 4.8 1.0 20.1 4.1 2.92018 3.0 -0.6 1.5 1.8 2.7 1.8 4.8 4.6 1.6 2.6 1.7 1.6 2.3 3.2 1.2 -1.6 32.3 1.2 3.62019 1.9 0.8 2.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 4.2 4.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 4.5 5.0 2.6 1.2 14.9 0.9 1.02020 1.9 0.3 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.4 3.5 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 2.2 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.3

2011-2020 2.1 0.6 0.8 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.8 1.0 2.7 11.8 0.8 0.9


62

Prices

27. Price deflator imports of goods and services



1961-1970 2.3 0.0 : 2.0 0.8 3.0 2.1 1.0 : : : 1.8 : 0.8 2.2 0.4 : : 4.5 : 1.3

1971-1980 7.6 6.2 : 15.7 16.8 14.8 10.3 19.2 : : : 7.2 : 7.7 5.7 17.9 : : 13.3 : 10.1

1981-1990 3.5 1.0 : 4.1 14.7 5.0 4.0 5.6 : : : 4.5 : 0.4 2.2 11.3 : : 3.0 : 3.2

1991 -0.7 2.8 : 2.4 12.3 -1.5 0.1 0.5 : : : 2.5 : 0.1 1.0 -0.3 116.2 : 3.3 : 1.11992 -2.8 -2.2 : -1.2 12.3 1.2 -2.8 2.2 : : : 2.7 : -1.4 0.6 -5.3 186.1 : 7.7 : -0.91993 -2.8 -1.7 : 4.5 7.4 6.1 -3.4 15.8 : : : 3.2 : -2.4 0.8 0.4 23.1 2.1 8.2 : 1.41994 1.8 -0.2 43.6 2.4 5.6 5.8 0.1 5.2 : : : 2.1 : 0.3 1.2 3.0 14.4 12.3 -0.5 : 1.51995 1.7 -0.3 19.6 3.8 7.5 4.4 0.1 11.9 -2.3 : : 1.3 : 0.3 1.3 1.6 6.6 7.3 0.1 : 2.31996 -0.5 0.0 16.8 -0.5 3.0 0.3 1.5 -2.7 2.5 14.4 3.6 3.6 4.7 0.8 2.4 1.6 11.6 9.4 0.3 0.4 0.21997 1.5 2.6 8.0 0.8 2.0 3.5 1.2 1.3 3.8 8.7 0.4 6.1 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.6 4.8 3.5 0.5 2.0 1.91998 -1.8 -2.6 1.8 2.3 4.1 -2.1 -2.9 -1.5 0.5 0.5 -4.2 2.8 1.1 -2.8 0.3 -1.5 1.8 -1.9 -2.8 -1.9 -2.01999 0.9 -1.5 0.4 2.4 1.0 0.0 -1.8 0.7 1.3 -3.9 -4.1 3.2 -2.6 -0.8 0.6 -0.7 1.9 0.6 -2.0 -0.5 -0.62000 7.6 7.3 5.4 5.5 8.4 10.8 5.3 10.8 4.6 6.4 4.1 10.8 8.7 5.7 2.7 8.4 14.0 13.4 7.4 7.4 7.4

1991-2000 0.4 0.4 : 2.2 6.3 2.8 -0.3 4.3 : : : 3.8 : 0.1 1.3 0.9 29.1 : 2.1 : 1.2

2001 1.3 0.6 1.3 -1.7 2.6 -0.1 -0.5 1.2 1.2 1.7 -1.8 -3.0 -1.2 -0.8 0.3 0.3 6.2 6.1 -2.9 0.2 0.12002 -1.8 -2.6 -0.9 -2.7 0.8 -2.4 -3.1 -0.3 1.1 5.7 -4.5 -1.5 1.8 -2.6 -0.6 -1.6 2.5 1.0 -2.7 -2.1 -2.12003 -1.0 -2.5 -1.6 -1.7 -0.1 -1.7 -1.6 -1.7 -0.2 5.9 -2.0 -1.8 0.5 -1.0 -0.8 -1.5 2.1 1.9 0.0 -1.6 -1.72004 3.0 -0.4 1.1 6.0 2.1 2.2 1.5 2.0 1.8 7.3 -0.8 6.3 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.1 4.2 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.52005 4.4 3.0 1.7 0.4 3.4 3.1 3.2 5.3 4.4 11.1 7.5 7.9 2.1 2.7 2.8 2.9 5.0 1.7 4.7 3.4 3.42006 3.3 2.8 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.9 3.6 5.4 2.4 9.0 8.2 6.2 4.9 2.7 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.6 5.6 3.6 3.62007 2.0 0.1 4.1 -0.4 2.2 1.7 0.7 1.3 2.8 6.7 4.9 6.8 0.5 1.7 2.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.12008 6.6 2.8 6.3 2.0 5.5 5.1 3.8 5.1 4.1 10.2 8.6 -1.8 2.7 4.6 3.9 5.1 2.7 3.0 1.7 4.0 4.02009 -8.3 -6.9 -2.6 -2.7 -1.4 -7.4 -6.1 -7.8 -0.2 -4.6 -10.7 -5.3 0.2 -6.6 -4.6 -9.3 -4.4 -4.1 -7.1 -6.5 -6.62010 6.3 4.8 5.6 6.3 5.3 5.5 3.7 6.6 1.9 5.7 9.9 4.0 3.2 6.4 4.7 4.7 6.5 3.6 6.0 5.3 5.3

2001-2010 1.5 0.1 1.8 0.8 2.3 0.9 0.5 1.6 1.9 5.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 0.8 1.3 0.7 2.9 2.0 0.7 0.8 0.8

2011 5.1 5.5 4.7 -2.5 6.4 8.5 5.4 6.8 2.4 5.6 11.9 4.7 6.8 6.3 6.0 7.1 5.7 5.3 6.1 5.7 5.72012 2.8 2.0 2.5 6.0 4.2 4.0 1.7 3.5 1.6 7.1 4.1 4.2 1.3 2.4 1.9 1.1 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.62013 -0.6 -1.6 -0.1 -1.0 -3.1 -1.8 -1.4 -1.8 1.5 0.7 -1.5 2.4 0.0 -1.2 -0.1 -2.7 -1.5 -1.4 -1.7 -1.3 -1.42014 -2.1 -1.5 -1.5 2.5 -3.7 -0.7 -1.9 -2.7 -1.4 -0.2 -3.2 1.9 0.5 -1.8 -1.1 -2.3 -1.1 -3.4 -1.6 -1.5 -1.52015 -3.8 -1.5 -1.8 2.6 -10.5 -0.2 -2.3 -2.6 -0.8 -1.2 -7.5 5.5 1.4 -3.0 -1.8 -4.4 -1.4 -1.1 -4.0 -1.9 -1.92016 -2.3 -2.4 -0.2 -1.5 -3.0 -1.6 -2.2 -3.4 -1.0 -4.8 -4.6 -1.9 1.0 -3.4 -1.3 -3.2 -2.2 -1.1 -2.2 -2.4 -2.42017 3.1 2.6 2.9 1.6 5.4 3.5 2.1 3.6 -0.7 2.8 4.0 6.0 1.9 3.3 2.8 4.0 3.0 2.8 3.4 2.9 2.92018 3.0 1.8 2.0 0.9 5.3 3.1 2.2 2.9 0.0 1.3 4.6 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.4 3.5 2.3 2.32019 1.6 0.4 1.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.3 2.4 0.9 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.6 1.2 0.5 1.4 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.2 1.22020 1.4 0.2 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.6 2.6 1.3 0.8 1.0 1.1 2.2 1.4 1.0 1.0

2011-2020 0.8 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.7 0.6 1.0 0.4 1.4 1.0 2.8 2.0 0.7 0.9 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8


63

Prices

27. Price deflator imports of goods and services



1961-1970 : : 1.8 : : : : 2.3 : 3.0 : 1.6 : : : : 4.7 1.0 1.7

1971-1980 : : 9.8 : : : : 12.0 : 13.7 : 10.8 : : : : 36.8 11.4 13.7

1981-1990 : : 3.1 : : : : 5.5 : 4.2 : 3.5 : : : : 45.9 -4.1 0.9

1991 : 79.8 2.0 : : 31.7 209.7 0.8 : 0.4 : 1.1 : : : : 60.2 -5.1 -0.81992 : 3.7 -0.9 : 10.0 21.7 353.9 -2.5 : -0.1 : -0.8 : : : : 63.1 -4.7 0.11993 : 0.8 -1.4 : 9.7 18.7 146.1 15.0 : 8.6 : 2.8 : : : : 48.9 -8.4 -0.81994 : -0.4 0.6 : 15.6 27.0 142.1 3.1 : 2.8 : 1.7 : : : : 163.3 -4.7 0.91995 : 6.4 0.8 : 32.7 18.0 37.6 4.7 : 5.8 : 2.8 : : : : 85.0 -1.8 2.71996 183.0 1.8 0.2 3.6 20.4 11.0 53.6 -3.9 1.2 0.1 1.1 0.1 : : 2.6 82.7 80.4 8.4 -1.71997 763.9 5.2 2.6 4.9 13.4 15.7 106.7 0.4 4.3 -6.3 2.9 0.7 14.9 : 10.1 5.1 74.1 6.2 -3.51998 35.3 -1.1 -1.8 1.4 12.0 10.8 14.6 -1.0 -1.3 -5.4 -1.9 -2.5 1.6 : 7.7 32.8 62.5 -2.8 -5.41999 9.5 1.7 -0.2 6.8 5.4 7.1 58.1 1.1 0.1 -0.6 0.0 -0.5 -6.9 : -0.4 9.6 47.7 -8.4 0.62000 9.1 7.0 7.5 9.7 12.3 7.9 37.4 4.1 7.5 2.6 6.8 6.5 -4.2 : 8.6 30.7 56.4 1.6 4.4

1991-2000 : 8.7 0.9 : : 16.7 97.7 2.1 : 0.7 : 1.2 : : : : 71.8 -2.1 -0.4

2001 4.2 -2.5 1.7 2.8 2.4 1.3 30.2 4.0 0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.3 1.7 : 0.6 194.0 91.7 2.3 -2.62002 -2.6 -8.1 -2.2 -0.5 -5.2 5.4 16.7 0.1 -1.8 -2.8 -2.0 -2.2 4.0 : 1.0 7.8 21.9 -1.0 -1.32003 0.1 0.0 -1.9 0.0 0.4 6.7 14.5 -2.1 -1.2 0.1 -1.0 -1.4 2.5 : 6.0 1.7 7.4 -0.6 3.02004 4.1 1.5 1.1 0.7 -0.9 4.6 11.4 0.9 1.6 -1.4 1.2 1.0 -2.3 : -0.5 17.3 10.5 3.0 4.82005 9.5 0.0 3.6 2.2 1.3 -3.6 -2.3 4.6 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.4 0.2 : 1.9 15.8 0.2 8.3 5.92006 10.2 0.7 3.5 2.8 7.8 2.4 0.0 3.3 3.6 2.6 3.4 3.4 2.3 : 6.5 4.5 18.5 11.0 3.82007 7.3 -0.8 1.7 2.9 -4.4 1.1 -7.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.9 1.0 3.8 -4.6 9.6 -3.0 0.2 6.6 3.52008 11.0 -3.1 3.1 4.3 2.0 0.8 14.7 4.4 3.9 12.4 4.9 5.1 2.5 6.4 16.7 8.9 20.7 5.8 10.02009 -10.5 -1.5 -8.6 -1.7 1.6 8.0 3.3 0.4 -5.5 2.0 -4.6 -5.3 2.4 -6.3 -9.4 6.1 1.1 -21.4 -11.12010 8.4 0.9 6.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 5.8 -0.1 4.8 3.6 4.7 4.9 6.2 3.8 2.1 19.5 5.9 4.3 5.5

2001-2010 3.9 -1.3 0.8 1.5 0.6 2.8 8.2 1.6 1.0 2.0 1.1 1.0 2.3 : 3.2 19.9 15.6 1.4 2.0

2011 8.7 2.3 3.3 5.9 4.9 8.5 6.1 -0.2 5.5 6.9 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.7 11.8 6.8 24.4 5.8 7.62012 4.9 3.7 2.4 3.0 4.1 5.1 7.4 -1.1 2.7 -0.8 2.3 2.0 0.5 2.5 -6.0 15.0 5.1 -0.6 0.22013 -2.4 0.5 -0.4 0.2 -0.7 -1.1 -6.0 -2.8 -1.4 1.0 -1.1 -1.1 0.6 -1.6 -3.2 -1.6 4.9 11.5 -1.42014 -1.9 2.5 -2.4 -0.6 0.3 -1.9 -0.9 1.8 -1.3 -4.1 -1.6 -1.8 -0.4 -1.1 -2.8 0.2 11.6 3.5 -0.92015 -2.6 -1.7 0.3 -0.9 -0.8 -1.3 -1.2 1.3 -1.7 -5.8 -2.1 -2.2 -0.1 2.2 -3.5 3.9 5.6 -7.5 -8.22016 -5.1 -3.4 -4.7 -2.2 -2.1 -0.3 -6.8 -1.7 -2.5 4.1 -1.6 -1.5 -1.2 -2.3 -3.4 0.5 2.9 -13.2 -3.62017 6.7 0.4 1.4 2.3 1.6 1.2 4.3 3.9 2.8 5.4 3.1 3.3 -0.9 2.5 2.8 1.2 27.4 8.5 2.32018 2.9 -0.3 3.1 1.1 3.8 2.7 3.8 6.2 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 -1.4 2.7 3.5 -0.6 35.9 5.2 3.12019 1.4 1.0 2.6 1.4 1.6 2.2 3.5 4.3 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.2 3.4 2.7 2.5 1.2 15.6 1.0 0.72020 1.4 0.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 3.2 1.5 1.1 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.4 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.3

2011-2020 1.3 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.5 0.2 2.7 12.9 1.3 0.0


64

Prices

28. Terms of trade goods and services (National accounts)

(2010 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI 1)

1960 106.3 83.1 : 123.0 97.1 55.3 112.1 114.5 : : : 109.8 : 99.2 115.0 80.0 : : 123.8

1965 104.7 85.6 : 126.7 100.0 59.6 113.9 116.8 : : : 101.0 : 103.3 119.2 83.6 : : 132.8

1970 106.9 98.3 : 121.4 99.4 77.8 111.9 115.3 : : : 112.6 : 104.6 115.8 88.9 : : 127.3

1975 104.1 95.1 : 114.6 87.5 72.3 104.9 93.7 : : : 102.8 : 101.1 114.1 80.8 : : 127.4

1980 99.8 87.9 : 107.3 84.5 67.8 97.7 88.6 : : : 99.1 : 97.5 107.5 75.6 : : 109.8

1985 96.4 84.3 : 111.7 82.9 62.4 93.8 91.4 : : : 97.0 : 99.4 105.8 73.2 : : 110.1

1990 103.6 96.6 : 110.6 91.1 89.1 102.9 108.7 : : : 95.6 : 97.2 107.4 88.8 95.1 : 120.3

1991 103.6 95.2 : 107.7 92.5 91.8 101.9 113.0 : : : 94.5 : 97.4 107.3 90.1 90.0 : 116.01992 105.4 98.4 : 106.9 90.7 93.4 102.6 111.9 : : : 93.6 : 96.9 106.6 93.3 90.5 114.6 114.31993 107.0 100.4 75.9 109.2 92.2 92.3 104.1 107.2 : : : 95.8 : 96.8 106.2 94.5 95.9 112.2 112.51994 106.6 101.3 75.6 106.9 94.8 91.3 103.4 106.0 104.0 : : 96.8 : 97.1 106.5 96.0 98.4 110.6 114.71995 106.4 103.1 78.5 104.9 95.9 92.5 102.3 103.1 98.6 101.6 77.8 97.1 101.2 97.6 106.9 98.1 100.8 111.8 120.21996 105.6 102.8 78.3 105.0 98.0 94.0 101.3 105.9 98.7 100.9 84.2 99.6 100.7 97.5 105.3 95.7 102.4 106.6 119.21997 105.2 101.0 82.5 105.3 98.7 93.8 101.2 105.9 98.4 93.2 87.6 96.3 98.7 98.7 104.2 96.5 102.7 109.7 117.51998 105.8 103.0 83.6 106.3 99.5 96.4 102.6 108.7 99.5 97.6 85.2 94.1 95.4 99.9 103.8 99.3 103.7 106.3 119.61999 104.8 103.8 83.4 106.1 99.9 96.5 102.8 108.3 100.3 100.9 88.5 96.6 97.4 99.2 103.2 100.4 103.9 104.6 116.02000 103.0 99.3 85.6 106.0 98.1 92.9 100.1 101.9 100.3 95.3 93.2 94.8 98.0 99.1 102.2 97.6 100.7 108.2 111.8

2001 103.1 99.4 89.5 107.3 98.9 94.5 100.4 103.1 102.3 96.6 92.9 94.5 96.8 100.6 102.4 97.9 102.4 107.0 113.72002 103.7 101.4 93.0 109.6 100.3 97.3 102.1 104.8 99.8 94.1 93.2 95.1 97.5 101.4 103.1 99.5 104.4 106.9 113.82003 103.4 102.6 94.6 108.4 102.1 98.6 102.1 106.5 103.0 96.0 93.2 96.1 99.0 101.4 104.0 99.5 105.0 106.5 112.32004 102.5 102.8 95.3 102.6 102.0 98.2 101.2 105.5 104.2 98.4 101.1 95.9 97.9 100.9 103.4 99.1 103.8 106.2 109.92005 101.7 101.0 97.1 104.4 101.0 99.0 99.8 102.2 101.3 97.5 102.3 95.6 98.5 101.2 102.6 97.9 101.6 106.1 106.22006 101.0 99.4 99.4 103.4 101.0 99.2 98.3 99.1 100.2 96.9 99.3 97.6 98.9 101.4 101.5 98.5 101.0 104.6 102.92007 101.2 99.5 101.4 103.9 101.5 99.8 99.4 100.1 101.0 101.5 100.2 96.5 99.5 101.1 101.0 99.0 102.0 103.4 102.82008 98.5 97.9 101.6 105.0 100.3 97.4 98.8 98.0 99.6 99.7 103.9 97.8 99.0 100.9 99.8 96.7 100.7 101.7 100.82009 101.6 102.4 102.0 103.5 99.6 102.4 101.4 104.2 100.0 99.9 99.9 99.3 98.9 101.8 101.7 101.4 104.2 100.6 102.12010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2011 98.8 97.3 100.4 102.0 99.5 96.3 97.6 97.4 99.5 103.0 99.1 100.5 100.0 98.5 98.3 98.0 98.6 98.7 98.42012 98.7 97.1 99.9 100.2 97.9 94.5 97.3 95.9 100.4 100.2 98.3 100.5 99.6 98.5 97.8 98.6 97.6 97.5 97.42013 98.9 98.2 100.8 100.0 99.5 95.5 98.4 97.4 98.9 100.7 98.1 100.5 100.0 98.9 97.9 100.3 98.4 97.0 98.12014 99.1 99.5 102.3 98.0 101.1 94.7 99.7 100.0 98.8 99.5 99.0 101.3 100.9 98.8 98.9 101.4 99.4 97.1 99.32015 100.0 102.1 102.9 102.5 106.0 95.6 102.8 102.3 99.2 100.0 101.5 99.9 101.0 99.9 99.9 104.7 100.7 96.8 102.42016 100.6 103.9 103.3 102.0 105.6 96.0 103.5 105.0 99.9 102.9 103.7 100.8 101.2 100.5 100.6 106.4 101.6 96.5 102.72017 99.7 102.8 104.1 100.1 105.1 95.2 102.2 102.9 101.2 103.6 104.1 100.4 102.0 100.1 99.7 105.7 101.1 95.9 102.52018 98.2 102.1 104.5 99.2 103.1 93.4 100.9 101.7 102.7 105.6 103.1 101.1 102.1 100.0 99.0 105.3 100.9 95.4 103.02019 98.0 102.4 104.7 99.1 103.2 93.6 100.9 100.9 102.7 105.6 103.6 101.1 102.0 99.9 99.2 105.5 100.5 95.2 102.42020 98.0 102.7 104.8 99.1 103.9 93.7 100.9 100.8 102.6 105.6 103.9 101.1 101.9 99.9 99.2 105.6 101.0 95.0 102.3

1) 1960-91 D_W

65

Prices

28. Terms of trade goods and services (National accounts)

(2010 = 100)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK AL ME MK RS TR JP US

1960 : : 80.9 : : : : 138.7 94.5 : : : : 118.0 210.9 141.1

1965 : : 84.8 : : : : 131.4 95.6 : : : : 122.5 210.3 142.8

1970 : : 91.9 : : : : 133.6 96.8 : : : : 118.5 202.8 147.8

1975 : : 88.8 : : : : 128.5 84.0 : : : : 86.1 159.0 119.1

1980 : : 85.2 : : : : 112.3 93.7 : : : : 113.4 116.0 95.7

1985 : : 84.2 : : : : 109.3 94.6 : : : : 113.3 117.1 108.1

1990 : 92.1 90.7 : : 95.6 65.9 113.5 95.0 : : : : 107.5 141.4 99.9

1991 : 79.8 90.2 : 95.3 87.6 70.6 114.9 96.3 : : : : 108.1 144.1 101.91992 : 82.2 92.2 : 95.5 93.0 64.5 114.5 97.0 : : : : 107.7 146.7 101.31993 : 86.6 92.0 : 98.2 99.7 65.2 108.3 97.5 : : : : 115.7 148.9 102.21994 : 91.1 91.1 : 100.8 103.4 60.8 108.9 96.0 : : : : 116.4 150.9 102.51995 103.4 91.2 91.2 83.1 101.7 104.7 60.7 111.3 93.7 : : 95.2 68.4 108.9 150.1 102.01996 72.3 94.9 92.4 83.9 100.9 102.1 57.5 110.6 95.1 125.4 : 94.7 71.3 102.0 143.2 102.41997 69.5 95.4 92.5 87.2 102.8 100.6 59.7 109.9 95.8 116.1 : 92.8 69.8 109.5 137.2 104.21998 73.1 100.6 92.2 89.5 103.9 102.6 62.8 109.7 96.5 111.5 : 91.9 72.4 107.9 142.7 107.61999 78.3 99.9 92.0 87.7 103.3 101.4 63.8 106.8 97.5 117.2 : 94.8 75.6 110.7 142.2 106.12000 82.4 96.9 92.6 87.6 101.2 95.2 67.8 105.0 97.2 118.9 : 95.1 76.3 100.5 134.4 103.6

2001 82.9 99.7 92.5 88.3 101.8 95.2 67.8 103.6 98.0 120.7 : 99.0 80.2 98.6 134.6 105.62002 83.0 103.3 93.5 89.9 103.1 94.6 69.7 101.9 99.3 119.3 : 95.1 77.0 101.1 134.1 106.12003 85.7 103.3 94.2 92.1 102.7 94.1 71.4 102.0 100.9 115.1 : 97.7 79.9 104.4 130.0 104.62004 88.5 104.5 95.1 94.5 102.6 97.1 76.1 100.7 101.5 115.4 : 97.2 79.1 106.8 124.5 103.42005 87.7 102.2 96.8 94.7 100.8 98.3 79.7 98.9 101.5 104.7 : 100.7 89.3 106.3 116.6 101.12006 93.1 100.1 96.2 96.0 99.4 98.2 86.0 98.6 100.7 104.0 93.1 99.4 99.0 101.6 108.4 100.52007 95.8 101.2 95.6 97.0 99.9 99.8 95.4 100.0 99.0 104.3 98.6 103.6 105.5 103.4 104.1 100.72008 96.8 100.0 97.4 98.2 98.6 98.4 98.2 99.6 96.7 106.9 96.7 101.5 103.4 100.3 94.5 95.82009 99.1 102.0 97.6 99.4 99.9 101.5 98.6 100.5 98.4 105.3 99.0 98.7 107.1 102.3 106.1 101.32010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2011 103.9 98.5 98.1 100.2 98.6 98.5 101.7 99.2 98.4 97.2 97.6 96.8 100.8 92.7 92.4 98.82012 101.5 97.9 98.6 99.6 97.6 97.2 100.5 99.3 98.6 97.8 96.0 97.8 97.6 91.9 91.3 99.42013 100.9 99.0 99.7 99.5 98.4 98.3 101.5 99.6 99.8 96.8 98.9 98.0 101.1 94.1 90.4 100.92014 102.1 100.5 101.2 99.9 99.1 100.1 103.1 99.8 101.1 96.9 100.6 99.9 103.0 93.9 89.9 101.82015 103.5 100.9 101.6 100.5 99.8 102.5 106.0 100.6 102.6 95.4 103.2 103.4 101.1 95.9 98.1 105.42016 107.0 102.0 102.3 101.9 100.9 103.0 105.7 101.1 104.6 94.6 104.0 108.6 101.2 99.6 103.4 107.12017 107.2 100.9 102.8 102.1 100.9 103.5 104.0 100.5 104.1 97.0 109.6 110.7 101.1 94.0 99.3 107.72018 107.3 100.6 101.2 102.9 99.8 102.6 105.1 99.0 103.7 100.6 110.1 108.2 100.2 91.5 95.4 108.32019 107.9 100.5 101.3 103.2 99.9 102.0 105.8 99.2 104.7 101.7 112.6 108.3 100.2 90.9 95.3 108.52020 108.4 100.5 101.5 103.6 99.9 101.7 106.2 99.5 105.7 101.4 112.6 108.2 100.2 90.9 94.7 108.6

66

Wage costs

29. Nominal compensation per employee; total economy



1961-1970 7.9 8.6 : 9.8 9.4 14.1 9.8 10.7 : : : 6.7 : 10.6 8.6 10.3 : : 9.8 : 9.8

1971-1980 12.3 8.3 : 18.6 18.3 20.4 13.5 18.4 : : : 10.6 : 10.6 10.0 20.3 : : 15.1 : 12.8

1981-1990 5.3 3.3 : 9.2 19.6 10.4 7.0 11.7 : : : 5.9 : 2.3 4.9 18.7 : : 9.8 : 6.8

1991 7.4 5.9 : 4.5 15.3 10.1 3.8 8.9 : : : 5.4 9.3 4.8 6.6 16.7 : : 6.3 : 6.51992 5.3 10.3 : 7.8 11.5 11.3 4.1 5.7 : : : 6.5 6.8 4.7 6.1 18.7 : : 2.1 : 7.51993 4.6 4.1 : 5.5 9.8 7.4 2.7 4.5 : 138.1 : 5.7 10.2 3.3 4.6 7.3 : : 0.6 : 4.21994 4.4 2.9 56.5 2.2 10.9 3.7 1.4 3.4 : 63.9 67.7 3.9 6.4 3.0 4.1 5.3 : : 3.3 : 3.01995 1.0 3.5 42.6 3.0 13.0 3.7 2.5 4.3 : 8.8 67.5 1.4 9.0 1.6 3.5 10.3 : : 4.0 : 3.41996 1.9 1.0 28.7 4.1 9.3 4.0 2.4 6.2 4.7 24.2 33.0 2.7 2.1 1.6 1.4 6.1 13.6 13.1 2.6 2.6 2.51997 3.1 0.7 20.1 7.1 13.7 2.2 1.7 4.1 5.5 6.4 23.0 2.0 5.1 2.3 0.8 5.7 12.4 16.8 1.6 2.0 1.91998 1.4 0.9 13.7 8.2 5.9 2.0 1.9 -0.8 2.9 9.0 15.5 1.1 3.1 3.4 2.6 5.9 8.6 9.9 4.7 1.6 1.41999 3.5 1.1 8.5 5.0 6.5 2.0 2.0 2.7 4.5 8.6 2.6 4.5 3.7 4.4 1.9 5.1 8.4 6.6 3.4 2.3 2.12000 1.9 1.4 11.6 7.9 5.2 2.9 2.3 2.3 6.0 9.4 -0.4 5.5 6.8 5.8 2.3 6.0 10.2 13.2 3.9 2.7 2.4

1991-2000 3.4 3.1 : 5.5 10.1 4.9 2.5 4.1 : : : 3.9 6.2 3.5 3.4 8.6 : : 3.2 : 3.5

2001 3.7 1.9 10.0 8.0 5.6 3.7 2.3 2.9 3.7 4.1 7.1 3.2 5.0 3.3 1.5 4.2 11.6 5.6 3.6 2.7 2.62002 3.9 1.3 10.5 5.2 10.7 3.5 3.1 3.3 4.8 4.4 5.0 3.9 3.6 5.1 2.1 3.6 8.3 8.9 1.7 2.7 2.72003 2.0 1.5 11.1 6.5 7.6 3.5 2.8 4.3 7.9 12.2 8.9 1.3 6.3 4.0 1.7 3.6 7.8 8.1 2.2 2.7 2.72004 1.8 0.2 12.2 5.2 4.4 3.3 3.4 3.6 2.2 14.9 12.1 3.9 2.9 2.7 2.1 2.8 7.7 8.0 3.6 2.3 2.22005 1.8 0.2 10.6 5.3 8.5 3.7 3.0 2.9 6.6 26.3 13.8 3.8 1.3 1.7 2.0 4.7 6.0 9.1 3.5 2.3 2.22006 3.6 1.0 14.8 4.4 3.1 3.9 2.8 2.5 4.2 22.5 20.7 4.2 4.4 1.5 3.1 1.8 5.4 8.0 3.4 2.4 2.32007 3.5 0.9 25.6 5.8 4.6 4.7 2.4 2.5 1.9 34.9 14.1 4.2 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.5 6.2 8.7 3.3 2.6 2.52008 3.7 2.1 10.6 3.9 3.7 6.8 2.7 3.7 3.2 17.7 14.1 2.8 4.1 4.0 3.3 2.6 7.2 6.6 4.3 3.5 3.42009 1.1 0.2 -2.9 -1.1 3.1 4.4 1.6 2.2 5.7 -10.9 -9.3 1.7 3.0 2.8 1.6 2.4 1.8 2.6 2.0 1.8 1.72010 1.4 2.6 2.7 -2.0 -2.0 1.1 2.9 2.7 0.7 -6.6 -0.1 1.9 2.0 0.8 1.1 2.1 4.0 5.4 2.2 2.2 2.1

2001-2010 2.6 1.2 10.3 4.1 4.9 3.8 2.7 3.1 4.1 11.1 8.3 3.1 3.6 2.9 2.1 3.1 6.6 7.1 3.0 2.5 2.4

2011 3.1 3.0 0.8 0.3 -3.8 0.9 2.6 1.1 2.1 2.4 6.4 1.9 3.3 2.4 2.1 -1.8 1.5 2.0 3.6 2.2 2.22012 3.2 2.5 7.8 1.0 -3.0 -0.6 2.4 0.4 1.7 7.7 4.2 1.8 3.3 2.3 2.7 -3.1 -1.0 2.6 2.8 1.8 1.82013 2.6 1.8 4.8 -0.5 -7.5 1.4 1.7 1.3 -5.4 5.5 5.4 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.2 3.6 0.5 2.6 1.3 1.6 1.72014 0.9 2.8 6.5 0.6 -2.0 0.1 1.3 0.0 -3.5 8.6 4.7 3.5 1.4 1.7 1.9 -1.8 1.3 1.8 1.0 1.3 1.32015 0.0 2.7 3.3 2.6 -2.4 0.8 1.0 1.0 -1.3 7.7 5.9 1.6 5.5 -0.2 1.9 0.4 1.3 3.5 1.4 1.3 1.32016 0.5 2.2 6.3 2.1 -0.9 -0.5 0.8 0.3 -1.1 7.3 6.7 0.9 2.9 1.2 2.4 1.7 3.0 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.02017 1.9 2.6 6.9 0.9 0.5 0.3 1.9 0.3 0.7 8.0 8.7 3.3 -0.3 1.1 1.5 1.6 3.2 5.2 -1.2 1.6 1.52018 2.0 3.0 8.8 2.9 1.3 0.8 1.7 2.0 0.1 7.8 7.7 2.1 1.6 2.2 2.5 2.0 4.0 5.4 1.2 2.2 2.12019 2.5 3.2 6.1 3.2 2.4 2.0 0.0 0.9 2.5 6.2 7.0 3.0 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.2 4.8 6.8 3.4 2.0 1.92020 2.0 2.9 5.6 3.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.0 2.8 5.0 5.9 2.1 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.3 3.7 6.7 2.9 2.2 2.2

2011-2020 1.9 2.7 5.7 1.6 -1.4 0.7 1.5 0.8 -0.2 6.6 6.2 2.3 2.5 1.8 2.2 0.7 2.2 3.9 1.7 1.7 1.7


67

Wage costs

29. Nominal compensation per employee; total economy



1961-1970 : : 10.6 : : : : 8.5 : 7.0 : 9.1 : : : : : : 5.2

1971-1980 : : 11.7 : : : : 11.4 : 16.1 : 13.2 : : : : : : 7.7

1981-1990 : : 6.8 : : : : 8.5 : 8.4 : 7.1 : : : : : 3.9 5.6

1991 : : 4.3 : : : 127.4 6.6 : 9.8 : 7.1 : : : : 85.3 4.9 4.61992 : : 3.9 : : 56.8 187.8 5.5 : 5.4 : 7.1 : : : : 63.4 1.3 5.41993 : : 2.2 : : 31.5 207.6 2.8 : 4.2 : 4.1 : : : : 75.0 0.8 3.01994 : 19.7 0.6 : : 41.3 132.6 6.3 : 0.1 : 2.5 : : : : 53.8 1.4 2.61995 : 13.8 3.5 : : 34.1 54.3 2.3 : 3.7 : 3.4 : : : : 67.0 1.2 3.21996 71.8 17.1 4.0 13.8 21.5 27.2 51.0 6.8 3.6 3.4 3.6 2.7 : : : : 93.4 1.0 3.71997 857.7 10.4 3.1 15.2 22.7 20.5 91.5 6.0 3.9 4.9 4.0 2.4 : : : : 101.8 2.0 4.21998 59.0 8.5 4.0 14.2 14.6 13.9 92.2 -1.7 2.7 6.4 3.3 2.2 : : 3.0 : 74.2 -0.7 5.91999 6.7 6.2 4.0 7.0 6.9 14.4 40.8 3.9 3.7 4.8 3.9 2.7 : : 6.2 : 53.0 -0.9 4.72000 9.9 7.4 3.1 8.0 15.0 10.4 70.1 6.8 3.9 5.6 4.2 3.1 : : 4.9 : 45.6 0.1 5.5

1991-2000 : : 3.3 : : : 98.8 4.5 : 4.8 : 3.7 : : : : 70.4 1.1 4.3

2001 13.4 8.4 4.0 1.8 15.7 10.0 55.2 4.2 3.7 5.9 4.1 3.3 : : 0.0 : 38.5 -1.5 3.22002 6.0 7.8 3.8 10.6 11.2 2.5 16.5 3.2 3.0 2.4 2.9 2.7 : : 4.2 : 40.6 -2.7 1.82003 4.1 7.7 3.6 7.3 11.7 1.6 27.4 3.7 3.1 4.7 3.4 3.1 : : 8.3 : 30.3 -1.2 2.82004 6.2 7.9 3.1 4.7 11.0 2.4 13.8 4.2 2.2 4.6 2.6 2.7 : : -3.0 : 22.3 -1.1 4.72005 9.3 3.9 3.4 6.1 7.8 2.0 29.1 3.1 2.5 3.5 2.7 2.5 : : -2.0 : 9.0 0.2 3.32006 6.3 5.9 3.5 3.0 5.3 2.1 12.7 3.1 2.3 5.8 2.9 3.0 : : 10.2 : 10.7 -0.6 3.92007 12.7 6.1 3.7 5.3 5.2 5.7 8.6 5.3 2.8 5.4 3.2 3.1 : : -3.0 : 10.6 -0.7 3.92008 16.8 4.1 3.9 5.1 7.3 8.3 33.9 3.7 3.7 0.6 3.1 2.9 : : 8.2 : 9.8 0.3 2.52009 8.1 -0.6 2.8 -0.2 -1.4 3.4 -3.2 2.7 1.8 2.4 1.9 1.9 : : 3.6 : 6.0 -3.9 0.12010 9.9 3.5 3.2 1.8 1.5 8.9 8.2 2.2 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.3 : : 4.6 : 8.4 0.0 2.6

2001-2010 9.2 5.4 3.5 4.5 7.4 4.7 19.2 3.5 2.8 3.8 3.0 2.7 : : 3.0 : 18.0 -1.1 2.9

2011 6.8 2.7 1.4 3.7 3.4 5.3 -4.1 3.2 2.2 1.1 2.0 2.0 : : 1.1 : 9.4 0.3 3.02012 7.7 1.7 1.8 0.4 1.7 3.6 8.9 3.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 : : -2.0 : 12.4 0.1 2.22013 8.8 -0.3 1.6 -0.9 1.8 1.7 4.1 1.9 1.6 2.7 1.8 1.9 : : -4.2 : 10.3 -0.3 2.02014 5.6 2.6 1.5 -5.2 0.6 2.2 6.9 2.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.2 : : 5.0 : 14.8 0.9 2.92015 5.6 3.0 1.7 0.4 -1.5 1.7 1.9 2.7 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 : : 2.1 : 12.8 0.5 3.12016 5.8 4.0 1.5 1.3 4.4 4.8 15.0 2.5 1.4 2.8 1.7 1.4 : : 6.4 : 20.2 1.1 0.92017 10.5 6.4 1.7 -1.1 6.2 5.8 12.6 2.0 1.9 3.1 2.1 1.8 : : 0.9 : 8.5 0.5 3.12018 5.6 7.6 2.0 1.9 9.6 7.5 18.4 3.4 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.2 : : 1.7 : 15.9 1.2 2.72019 6.9 5.0 2.6 3.6 6.6 8.0 13.5 3.1 2.5 3.1 2.6 2.2 : : 2.2 : 11.0 0.9 3.02020 5.9 4.2 2.6 3.4 6.5 7.9 9.0 3.0 2.7 3.2 2.8 2.4 : : 2.5 : 10.5 1.0 3.3

2011-2020 6.9 3.7 1.8 0.7 3.9 4.8 8.4 2.7 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.8 : : 1.5 : 12.5 0.6 2.6


68

Wage costs

30. Real compensation per employee, deflator GDP; total economy



1961-1970 4.3 4.6 : 4.1 6.3 7.1 5.2 6.0 : : : 2.5 : 5.2 4.6 7.0 : : 3.7 : 5.2

1971-1980 5.1 3.0 : 4.2 3.1 4.6 3.5 2.8 : : : 3.9 : 2.7 3.4 4.0 : : 3.7 : 3.1

1981-1990 1.0 0.5 : 2.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 : : : 1.7 : 0.5 1.2 1.5 : : 2.5 : 0.4

1991 4.4 2.7 : 2.7 -3.7 2.9 1.2 1.1 : : : 3.6 : 1.6 2.9 5.2 : : 4.6 : 1.81992 1.8 4.7 : 4.8 -2.9 4.3 2.1 1.1 : : : 2.7 3.1 2.1 2.5 8.9 : : 1.2 : 3.01993 0.6 0.0 : 0.3 -4.0 2.8 1.1 0.6 : 44.5 : -0.2 7.2 1.6 1.8 1.9 : : -1.2 : 0.61994 2.3 0.7 12.0 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 -0.2 : 20.3 3.7 0.4 2.8 0.9 1.5 -1.4 : : 1.4 : 0.41995 -0.2 1.5 8.5 0.1 2.9 -1.2 1.3 -0.9 : -5.5 14.4 -0.9 4.0 -0.5 1.6 4.4 : : -0.1 : 0.61996 1.4 0.4 3.2 2.1 1.5 0.5 1.0 1.6 2.0 10.3 11.8 -1.7 1.1 0.6 0.4 3.6 1.9 8.2 2.7 0.7 0.61997 2.2 0.4 9.0 3.1 6.7 -0.1 0.8 1.5 3.2 0.6 10.4 3.0 3.7 -0.3 -0.4 1.8 3.7 11.4 -0.5 0.6 0.41998 -0.4 0.3 5.4 1.5 0.8 -0.6 1.0 -3.3 0.9 4.0 11.7 3.2 0.7 1.3 2.2 1.9 1.2 4.7 1.6 -0.1 -0.21999 2.9 0.8 1.0 0.6 2.8 -0.7 1.8 1.0 2.2 7.0 3.9 -1.2 2.1 3.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 -0.6 2.5 1.3 1.12000 -0.1 1.8 7.5 0.9 3.5 -0.4 0.7 0.3 3.2 5.6 -1.6 3.3 4.5 2.3 0.9 2.4 4.5 3.5 2.2 1.2 1.0

1991-2000 1.5 1.3 : 1.7 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.3 : : : 1.2 : 1.3 1.5 3.0 : : 1.4 : 0.9

2001 1.5 0.6 3.5 1.0 2.1 -0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.1 1.8 7.4 2.8 2.5 -0.8 -0.4 0.4 2.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.12002 2.2 -0.1 5.2 -0.1 7.1 -0.6 1.1 0.0 4.5 -0.7 4.6 2.2 0.8 1.2 0.9 -0.6 0.7 4.7 0.7 0.3 0.22003 0.0 0.3 6.5 2.4 4.0 -0.4 0.9 1.1 2.4 6.9 9.8 -1.3 3.4 1.8 0.4 0.2 2.1 2.6 1.9 0.5 0.52004 -0.2 -0.9 7.0 4.5 1.3 -0.6 1.7 1.0 -0.5 7.6 9.1 0.9 1.4 1.5 0.3 0.4 4.2 2.1 2.9 0.4 0.32005 -0.3 -0.4 4.2 2.0 6.1 -0.5 1.1 1.0 4.5 13.6 6.5 -0.4 -0.9 -0.3 -0.5 1.3 4.4 6.5 2.5 0.4 0.32006 1.2 0.7 5.4 0.9 -0.4 0.0 0.6 0.6 1.1 9.0 13.1 -2.7 1.6 -1.0 1.2 -1.3 3.1 4.9 2.5 0.4 0.42007 1.5 -0.8 12.6 4.5 1.1 1.4 -0.1 0.0 -2.2 12.3 5.1 2.6 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.5 1.9 7.5 0.5 0.2 0.22008 1.7 1.3 2.9 4.4 -0.7 4.6 0.3 1.2 -1.4 5.3 4.0 -1.1 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.9 2.6 3.7 1.2 1.5 1.52009 0.3 -1.5 -3.4 3.7 0.5 4.1 1.5 0.3 5.4 -1.4 -6.2 0.3 0.3 2.6 -0.2 1.3 -1.5 3.8 0.1 0.9 0.72010 -0.5 1.8 0.9 1.3 -2.6 0.9 1.9 2.3 -1.3 -5.9 -2.5 -1.7 -1.8 -0.1 0.2 1.4 5.1 4.9 1.9 1.5 1.4

2001-2010 0.7 0.1 4.4 2.4 1.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.2 4.7 4.9 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.4 2.5 4.1 1.5 0.6 0.6

2011 1.1 1.9 -4.2 1.9 -4.5 0.8 1.6 -0.3 0.2 -3.7 1.1 -2.7 1.1 2.2 0.2 -1.6 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.1 1.22012 1.2 1.0 4.5 -1.2 -2.7 -0.7 1.2 -1.0 0.0 3.9 1.5 -0.7 1.1 0.9 0.6 -2.7 -1.4 1.3 -0.2 0.5 0.62013 1.5 -0.1 1.2 -1.8 -5.2 1.0 0.9 0.1 -4.2 3.8 4.0 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.6 1.3 -1.1 2.1 -1.2 0.4 0.42014 0.2 1.0 3.4 0.9 -0.2 0.3 0.7 -1.0 -1.9 6.7 3.7 0.7 -1.0 1.4 -0.3 -2.5 0.5 2.0 -0.7 0.4 0.42015 -1.0 0.7 2.2 -4.5 -2.1 0.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 7.7 5.5 2.0 2.9 -1.0 -0.2 -1.6 0.3 3.6 -0.2 -0.1 -0.12016 -1.3 0.8 4.7 2.9 -0.7 -0.8 0.6 -0.9 -0.5 6.3 5.3 0.0 1.5 0.8 1.0 0.0 2.3 2.6 0.9 0.3 0.22017 0.3 1.0 2.9 0.5 -0.1 -0.9 1.2 -0.2 -1.0 4.6 4.2 1.1 -2.7 -0.1 0.2 0.1 1.5 3.9 -2.2 0.5 0.42018 0.8 1.1 4.0 1.3 0.8 -0.1 0.8 1.1 -1.4 3.4 4.1 -1.5 -0.5 0.0 0.9 0.6 1.7 3.3 -0.7 0.7 0.72019 1.0 1.1 2.8 1.4 1.3 0.5 -1.3 0.2 1.3 3.4 3.8 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.8 2.4 4.1 1.9 0.4 0.32020 0.4 0.8 2.8 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.0 1.5 3.0 3.2 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.8 4.1 1.0 0.6 0.5

2011-2020 0.4 0.9 2.4 0.3 -1.3 0.0 0.6 -0.2 -0.6 3.9 3.6 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.4 -0.5 0.7 2.7 0.0 0.5 0.5


69

Wage costs

30. Real compensation per employee, deflator GDP; total economy



1961-1970 : : 4.2 : : : : 4.1 : 2.3 : 4.5 : : : : : : 2.4

1971-1980 : : 1.8 : : : : 1.7 : 1.7 : 2.9 : : : : : : 0.8

1981-1990 : : 1.0 : : : : 0.7 : 1.5 : 0.7 : : : : : 2.4 1.4

1991 : : 1.6 : : : -23.1 -1.8 : 3.0 : 1.9 : : : : 16.7 2.3 1.21992 : : 2.2 : : 13.1 -4.0 4.1 : 2.2 : 2.9 : : : : -0.2 -0.3 3.11993 : : 1.6 : : 0.6 -6.0 0.2 : 1.5 : 0.7 : : : : 4.3 0.3 0.61994 : 7.4 -0.9 : : 3.0 -2.7 3.6 : -1.1 : 0.2 : : : : -25.5 1.3 0.51995 : 4.3 2.2 : : 4.8 14.1 -1.5 : 1.2 : 0.6 : : : : -10.8 1.8 1.11996 9.7 6.4 2.0 9.7 -0.4 7.9 4.9 5.7 0.9 -0.7 0.7 0.6 : : : : 8.7 1.5 1.81997 -8.7 1.9 1.1 7.7 2.3 6.0 -18.6 4.3 0.3 4.1 0.8 1.1 : : : : 11.2 1.5 2.41998 19.6 -1.3 2.7 5.5 0.9 2.6 29.8 -2.4 0.5 5.2 1.3 0.7 : : 1.5 : -0.9 -0.7 4.71999 3.4 3.1 2.3 3.1 -1.1 7.7 -5.8 2.9 2.2 4.0 2.5 1.7 : : 3.4 : -0.8 0.4 3.22000 2.5 5.6 0.1 3.4 4.7 4.0 18.8 5.2 2.0 3.4 2.2 1.5 : : -3.0 : -2.5 1.5 3.2

1991-2000 : : 1.5 : : : -0.5 2.0 : 2.3 : 1.2 : : : : -0.7 1.0 2.2

2001 6.9 3.3 1.4 -2.3 4.0 6.7 12.5 1.7 0.9 5.0 1.7 1.1 : : -4.5 : -9.4 -0.4 0.92002 2.1 5.0 1.4 6.9 2.6 0.6 -5.0 1.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 : : 3.2 : 2.2 -1.3 0.22003 1.8 6.5 2.0 3.0 5.8 0.9 3.4 1.9 0.8 2.2 1.1 0.9 : : 6.6 : 5.7 0.4 0.92004 0.5 3.9 1.0 0.9 5.7 -2.4 -1.4 3.8 0.1 2.1 0.5 0.8 : : -2.8 : 8.7 0.0 1.92005 2.6 3.8 0.4 2.6 5.2 -0.5 15.2 2.3 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.5 : : -6.5 : 1.8 1.2 0.22006 -0.4 5.2 1.4 -0.9 1.7 0.4 1.9 1.3 0.3 2.8 0.7 0.9 : : 6.7 : 1.2 0.3 0.82007 1.5 2.5 1.3 1.1 -0.2 2.0 -6.2 2.4 0.1 2.8 0.5 0.7 : : -7.3 : 4.1 0.0 1.22008 8.0 2.0 -0.3 -0.6 2.2 4.2 15.4 0.3 1.3 -2.2 0.7 0.7 : : 2.6 : -2.0 1.3 0.52009 3.9 -3.1 2.3 -2.9 -5.3 -0.4 -7.0 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 : : 3.3 : 0.6 -3.3 -0.72010 8.7 5.0 0.0 1.0 -0.9 7.2 4.5 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.4 : : 2.5 : 1.3 1.9 1.5

2001-2010 3.5 3.4 1.1 0.9 2.0 1.8 3.0 1.7 0.7 1.6 0.9 0.8 : : 0.3 : 1.3 0.0 0.8

2011 0.8 2.7 0.7 2.0 1.1 2.0 -7.6 2.0 1.1 -0.8 0.8 0.9 : : -2.5 : 1.1 2.0 0.92012 6.1 0.3 -0.5 -1.2 -1.6 1.2 4.7 2.0 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.5 : : -2.9 : 4.7 0.9 0.32013 9.6 -1.7 0.7 -1.7 -1.1 1.4 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.5 : : -8.3 : 3.8 0.0 0.22014 5.1 0.1 0.4 -5.2 -2.6 1.7 5.1 0.4 0.3 -1.1 0.1 0.1 : : 3.5 : 6.9 -0.8 1.02015 3.4 1.8 1.3 0.3 -3.4 0.9 -0.6 0.7 -0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 : : 0.1 : 4.6 -1.6 2.02016 3.5 2.7 0.8 1.4 3.5 4.4 12.2 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.3 : : 2.8 : 11.2 0.9 -0.22017 6.9 4.9 0.3 -2.1 2.3 3.7 7.6 -0.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.5 : : -2.4 : -2.1 0.7 1.22018 1.9 5.4 1.6 0.2 4.9 6.3 11.8 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.8 : : -2.5 : -0.2 1.3 0.42019 4.1 2.8 1.0 2.1 2.5 6.1 7.8 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.5 : : -0.2 : -2.7 0.5 1.12020 3.6 2.1 0.8 1.8 3.0 5.4 5.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.7 : : 0.8 : -0.2 0.7 1.5

2011-2020 4.5 2.1 0.7 -0.3 0.8 3.3 4.5 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 : : -1.2 : 2.6 0.4 0.8


70

Wage costs

31. Real compensation per employee, deflator private consumption; total economy



1961-1970 4.6 5.7 : 4.4 6.9 7.8 5.4 6.3 : : : 4.1 : 6.3 4.9 7.5 : : 4.8 : 5.8

1971-1980 5.1 2.9 : 4.0 3.9 4.7 3.5 2.9 : : : 3.8 : 3.1 3.6 4.1 : : 3.5 : 3.0

1981-1990 1.0 0.7 : 1.9 0.5 1.1 0.7 1.4 : : : 1.1 : 0.1 1.4 2.1 : : 3.3 : 0.5

1991 4.5 2.9 : 1.8 -3.7 3.4 1.1 1.5 : : : 2.0 : 1.2 3.3 5.8 : : 1.4 : 1.71992 3.4 5.8 : 4.7 -3.6 4.5 1.5 0.3 : : : 2.1 : 1.6 2.7 10.2 : : -1.3 : 2.91993 2.0 0.4 : 3.2 -3.8 2.0 1.2 -0.9 : : : 1.7 : 1.1 1.5 1.7 : : -2.9 : 0.31994 2.1 0.8 14.2 -0.5 0.0 -1.1 0.4 -1.7 : : : 1.3 : 0.4 1.8 -1.4 : : 2.6 : 0.01995 -0.5 2.2 14.3 0.3 3.7 -1.1 1.5 -1.9 : : : -0.6 : -0.5 1.2 4.9 : : 3.7 : 0.61996 1.2 0.1 3.5 0.8 1.4 1.1 0.8 2.1 2.5 9.0 12.6 1.4 0.3 0.3 -0.1 3.2 2.5 8.2 1.6 0.6 0.51997 1.5 -0.6 9.4 4.2 8.7 -0.5 0.8 1.9 3.9 -1.2 12.6 0.6 1.3 0.0 -0.7 2.6 3.5 11.9 -0.4 0.3 0.21998 0.2 0.4 6.1 4.1 1.0 0.3 1.7 -2.7 2.2 3.8 9.2 -0.3 -0.1 1.6 2.4 3.3 1.6 4.0 3.0 0.4 0.31999 2.8 0.7 4.4 1.9 3.6 -0.1 2.5 0.8 3.0 5.5 3.8 2.3 2.7 2.6 1.8 2.6 2.0 -2.9 2.0 1.4 1.22000 -1.2 0.5 7.9 3.0 1.9 -1.1 0.0 -1.1 4.3 6.4 1.4 2.6 5.4 2.7 0.2 2.2 2.8 4.5 0.8 0.3 0.1

1991-2000 1.6 1.3 : 2.3 0.9 0.7 1.2 -0.2 : : : 1.3 : 1.1 1.4 3.5 : : 1.0 : 0.8

2001 1.6 0.1 3.5 3.4 2.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.1 1.7 4.6 1.4 2.3 0.1 -0.9 0.4 3.8 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.22002 2.5 0.0 6.5 0.0 8.3 0.7 2.3 0.4 3.6 -1.1 5.4 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.0 0.1 0.8 5.8 0.1 0.8 0.82003 0.4 -0.3 8.8 2.5 5.0 0.3 1.1 1.4 5.6 6.7 10.6 -0.9 5.1 1.6 0.2 0.0 2.5 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.52004 -0.6 -0.8 7.8 3.3 1.0 -0.3 1.2 1.1 0.5 7.4 12.2 1.6 -0.2 1.4 0.3 0.4 4.6 0.7 3.2 0.3 0.22005 -0.9 -1.3 5.9 3.6 5.4 0.3 1.2 0.8 3.4 15.1 11.2 0.5 -1.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 3.7 6.2 2.4 0.2 0.12006 0.5 -0.1 8.2 1.9 -0.1 0.3 0.6 -0.1 0.6 11.3 15.4 1.7 1.9 -1.2 0.9 -1.6 2.9 2.9 2.1 0.1 0.12007 0.6 -0.7 16.6 2.6 0.9 1.4 0.3 0.2 -1.8 20.8 7.8 1.9 2.4 1.1 0.4 0.1 2.0 6.0 1.4 0.3 0.22008 0.5 0.4 2.1 2.3 -0.7 3.2 -0.1 0.5 -1.4 3.8 2.9 -0.3 0.4 1.8 1.2 -0.2 1.5 2.0 0.9 0.7 0.82009 1.5 0.6 -2.7 5.6 2.1 5.3 3.1 2.6 5.4 -7.5 -13.1 2.2 1.0 4.4 1.3 4.4 1.0 2.5 0.1 2.6 2.52010 -0.4 0.6 -0.8 0.1 -5.4 -0.9 1.8 1.2 -1.6 -4.2 -1.4 0.7 -0.2 -0.8 -0.7 0.3 2.6 4.4 0.8 0.6 0.5

2001-2010 0.6 -0.1 5.5 2.5 1.9 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.6 5.1 5.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.5 2.5 3.2 1.3 0.6 0.6

2011 0.1 0.9 -4.6 -0.6 -5.9 -1.5 0.7 -1.7 -0.7 -3.5 2.1 -1.1 1.2 0.3 -1.1 -3.5 -0.2 -1.8 0.4 -0.2 -0.12012 1.1 1.0 3.7 -0.6 -3.5 -2.9 0.9 -2.2 -0.6 4.2 1.1 -0.2 0.6 1.0 0.3 -4.9 -2.7 -0.8 0.0 0.0 0.02013 1.7 0.8 1.8 -2.3 -5.8 0.3 1.0 0.1 -5.2 5.2 4.3 0.6 1.0 -0.2 0.1 2.8 -1.6 1.2 -1.1 0.6 0.62014 0.4 1.9 5.5 -0.6 0.5 -0.1 1.2 -0.3 -2.8 6.8 4.6 3.0 1.0 0.8 -0.2 -2.1 1.3 1.9 -0.4 0.8 0.82015 -0.6 2.1 3.4 2.2 -0.7 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.4 8.9 6.8 1.7 3.8 -0.4 0.4 -0.5 1.9 3.6 1.0 1.0 1.02016 -1.2 1.5 5.3 1.3 -0.2 -0.5 0.9 0.0 0.3 6.1 5.8 0.5 2.2 0.7 1.0 0.7 3.6 2.4 0.6 0.7 0.72017 0.1 1.0 3.1 -0.4 0.0 -1.3 0.6 -0.8 -0.1 4.7 5.1 1.7 -1.3 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 1.4 3.7 -1.8 0.2 0.12018 0.2 1.4 5.4 1.1 1.0 -0.8 0.1 0.9 -1.1 4.9 5.2 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.5 3.1 -0.1 0.6 0.62019 0.8 1.7 3.5 1.2 1.6 0.8 -1.2 0.0 1.6 3.3 4.4 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.8 1.1 2.5 4.2 1.9 0.6 0.62020 0.4 1.4 3.2 1.6 0.9 0.2 0.6 -0.2 1.6 2.6 3.5 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.7 1.3 4.3 1.3 0.8 0.8

2011-2020 0.3 1.3 3.0 0.3 -1.2 -0.5 0.5 -0.3 -0.7 4.3 4.3 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.2 -0.5 0.9 2.2 0.2 0.5 0.5


71

Wage costs

31. Real compensation per employee, deflator private consumption; total economy



1961-1970 : : 5.0 : : : : 4.3 : 2.6 : 5.0 : : : : : : 2.7

1971-1980 : : 1.7 : : : : 1.6 : 2.0 : 2.8 : : : : : : 0.7

1981-1990 : : 1.2 : : : : 0.6 : 2.0 : 0.8 : : : : : 2.0 1.2

1991 : : 1.4 : : : -19.6 -3.6 : 2.3 : 1.7 : : : : 15.3 2.1 1.21992 : : 2.7 : : 8.5 -5.8 3.1 : 1.3 : 2.7 : : : : -1.3 -0.4 2.71993 : : 1.1 : : 0.0 -8.0 -2.5 : 0.9 : 0.3 : : : : 5.5 -0.3 0.51994 : 10.6 -1.9 : : 2.5 -3.8 3.5 : -1.4 : -0.2 : : : : -26.3 0.9 0.51995 : 5.1 1.6 : : 5.4 12.8 -0.7 : 0.6 : 0.6 : : : : -13.2 1.6 1.11996 -19.3 8.5 2.3 9.7 -1.2 7.0 3.2 5.9 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.5 : : : : 15.2 1.0 1.51997 -16.1 1.6 1.2 10.0 4.1 5.4 -18.1 4.5 -0.3 2.9 0.2 0.7 : : : : 10.8 0.9 2.41998 30.7 0.1 2.5 7.4 0.8 3.1 31.8 -2.1 0.9 4.9 1.6 1.0 : : 2.2 : -4.8 -0.7 5.11999 4.2 4.0 2.1 3.1 -2.2 7.6 -2.9 2.3 2.2 4.2 2.6 1.8 : : 6.5 : -0.2 -0.2 3.22000 4.8 3.8 0.3 2.4 3.4 0.4 23.7 5.8 1.0 4.8 1.7 1.1 : : -3.4 : -6.0 1.1 2.9

1991-2000 : : 1.3 : : : 0.1 1.6 : 2.1 : 1.0 : : : : -1.3 0.6 2.1

2001 7.4 4.7 1.6 -2.7 5.5 6.2 15.3 2.0 1.0 5.5 1.9 1.4 : : -7.1 : -7.5 -0.5 1.22002 2.5 6.3 1.9 8.2 4.8 -0.5 -3.1 1.7 0.9 1.8 1.1 1.1 : : 3.9 : 1.4 -1.3 0.52003 3.4 7.6 2.3 4.9 7.0 1.1 9.8 2.0 0.8 3.4 1.4 1.2 : : 5.7 : 5.6 -0.1 0.92004 2.7 4.7 1.9 2.6 5.3 -2.1 0.9 3.4 0.1 3.1 0.6 0.9 : : -1.7 : 10.3 -0.5 2.12005 2.3 2.8 1.6 2.7 4.1 -0.1 20.8 1.9 0.4 1.4 0.6 0.5 : : -3.4 : 0.7 0.6 0.42006 4.1 4.1 1.3 -0.4 2.0 0.6 7.5 1.9 0.1 2.9 0.5 0.7 : : 6.8 : 0.8 -0.6 1.12007 3.5 3.2 2.0 2.3 -1.3 3.4 1.6 3.8 0.4 3.4 0.8 0.9 : : -4.2 : 3.7 -0.3 1.42008 9.9 -0.6 1.0 -0.5 1.5 4.0 21.0 0.5 0.7 -3.3 -0.1 -0.1 : : 0.3 : -0.9 -0.4 -0.52009 7.2 -1.4 1.5 -3.4 -5.3 0.7 -6.7 0.5 2.1 1.5 2.0 2.3 : : 2.6 : 1.0 -1.7 0.22010 7.4 3.0 0.8 0.3 -2.1 6.3 2.2 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.6 : : 4.5 : 1.7 1.4 0.9

2001-2010 5.0 3.4 1.6 1.3 2.1 1.9 6.6 1.9 0.7 2.1 1.0 0.9 : : 0.6 : 1.6 -0.3 0.8

2011 3.2 1.0 -1.0 1.2 -0.3 0.4 -7.6 1.5 -0.2 -2.6 -0.6 -0.5 : : -7.9 : 1.9 0.9 0.42012 4.0 -0.4 -0.5 -2.8 -4.2 0.2 4.2 2.5 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.0 : : -1.3 : 4.4 0.7 0.32013 11.7 -1.1 0.8 -2.8 0.0 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 : : -6.5 : 4.0 -0.2 0.62014 5.6 2.0 0.9 -4.8 -0.2 2.3 5.7 1.1 0.8 -1.3 0.4 0.4 : : 4.9 : 6.6 -1.1 1.42015 4.4 2.9 1.3 0.9 -1.3 2.9 1.0 1.8 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.9 : : 2.1 : 4.6 0.1 2.92016 5.9 3.4 1.0 2.5 4.6 5.2 14.1 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.8 : : 6.8 : 12.8 1.7 -0.22017 8.0 4.0 0.4 -2.0 3.6 4.1 9.7 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.2 : : -0.4 : -2.0 0.3 1.32018 3.0 4.9 1.1 0.7 6.2 5.8 14.2 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.0 0.6 : : 0.1 : 0.9 0.7 0.62019 4.8 2.4 1.3 2.6 3.3 5.8 9.9 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.1 0.8 : : 1.2 : -1.7 0.7 1.22020 4.0 1.7 1.0 2.2 3.3 5.2 5.7 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.2 0.9 : : 1.5 : 1.0 0.6 1.5

2011-2020 5.4 2.1 0.6 -0.2 1.4 3.3 5.6 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 : : -0.1 : 3.2 0.4 1.0


72

Wage costs

32. Adjusted wage share; total economy; as percentage of GDP at current factor cost 1)


1960-1970 62.0 67.8 : 73.5 71.3 69.8 73.5 71.8 : : : 51.0 : 67.9 72.8 71.8 : : 74.3 : 70.3

1971-1980 68.6 70.4 : 71.6 57.4 71.6 73.7 68.9 : : : 58.0 : 74.0 73.2 81.0 : : 72.1 : 71.4

1981-1990 68.8 67.4 : 67.2 59.6 67.6 71.2 65.3 : : : 58.6 : 69.2 69.2 64.7 : : 70.4 : 68.2

1991 65.5 66.2

1991 68.9 64.6 : 62.9 55.8 67.1 67.0 64.3 : : : 55.7 : 67.9 67.7 65.0 : : 74.1 : 65.81992 69.1 65.7 : 64.6 55.0 68.8 66.6 64.0 : 37.1 : 57.8 : 69.0 68.3 68.3 : : 71.7 : 66.31993 70.0 65.7 59.1 63.3 53.5 68.3 66.7 63.1 : 58.9 41.9 57.2 : 69.8 68.8 68.0 : : 67.0 : 66.21994 69.4 64.7 65.8 62.9 53.2 66.6 66.1 61.1 : 63.7 46.6 56.5 : 68.2 68.7 65.7 : : 64.7 : 65.11995 68.5 64.6 63.7 59.7 54.3 65.2 66.2 59.2 59.3 54.9 51.7 56.7 60.4 67.7 67.0 66.6 77.6 47.1 62.6 64.6 64.61996 68.8 64.3 61.1 58.4 53.6 65.0 66.3 59.6 59.7 59.4 55.1 56.2 58.8 67.2 66.5 67.7 75.3 48.8 63.4 64.4 64.41997 68.6 63.5 59.9 56.5 54.6 65.3 65.7 60.2 60.1 57.7 57.9 57.0 58.7 66.1 65.7 67.7 72.6 50.2 61.9 63.9 63.91998 68.2 63.3 58.3 56.4 55.1 65.1 64.9 59.6 58.1 56.6 59.8 58.4 56.4 65.5 65.2 68.0 71.5 51.0 60.7 63.5 63.51999 68.9 63.9 56.5 54.7 55.6 65.1 65.3 59.5 57.6 57.2 61.4 56.0 56.5 66.1 65.2 67.7 70.7 49.3 61.0 63.8 63.92000 67.8 64.7 55.8 52.8 55.7 64.6 64.6 58.5 57.6 55.0 55.1 56.6 55.1 65.8 64.0 68.3 71.4 49.6 60.0 63.6 63.7

1991-2000 68.8 64.5 : 59.2 54.6 66.1 65.9 60.9 : : : 56.8 : 67.3 66.7 67.3 : : 64.7 : 64.7

2001 68.8 63.8 54.7 51.7 54.9 63.9 64.4 58.3 56.9 53.3 53.2 59.7 57.6 65.1 63.5 68.3 71.5 48.1 59.2 63.1 63.12002 69.0 63.4 54.4 49.4 57.8 63.3 64.9 58.7 58.9 49.8 54.2 60.1 56.2 65.6 63.0 68.0 70.7 48.7 59.5 63.1 63.22003 68.3 63.6 54.9 50.3 57.2 63.0 65.0 59.2 62.3 49.7 54.6 59.4 56.3 65.8 62.9 68.4 69.9 48.1 59.9 63.2 63.22004 66.7 62.4 55.1 51.4 56.2 62.7 64.6 59.2 61.9 49.4 54.7 59.8 57.9 65.1 61.7 66.6 70.0 46.4 59.4 62.5 62.52005 65.7 61.7 53.7 52.2 60.0 62.6 64.9 59.6 64.3 51.3 54.3 59.5 56.4 63.8 60.8 67.2 69.8 47.6 60.3 62.3 62.42006 65.5 60.4 54.1 53.0 58.1 62.3 64.6 60.2 63.8 53.0 57.2 56.7 57.2 62.4 60.2 66.0 68.7 46.3 60.4 61.7 61.82007 65.1 59.4 56.9 54.7 57.7 62.2 63.8 59.9 63.2 55.7 55.5 56.2 56.6 62.1 59.6 64.4 67.5 45.8 58.7 61.1 61.22008 66.6 60.3 60.7 58.4 58.3 63.1 63.9 60.3 61.7 59.0 55.6 58.6 56.4 62.7 60.7 64.9 68.2 45.9 60.1 61.8 61.92009 68.0 63.0 63.3 57.9 60.2 63.1 66.0 61.5 64.7 58.1 56.2 62.1 58.4 65.5 62.8 64.8 70.9 49.5 64.2 63.7 63.82010 66.2 61.7 58.6 55.0 61.1 63.2 65.7 61.7 63.4 53.7 51.3 59.2 56.0 64.1 62.3 63.9 72.5 48.6 63.1 63.0 63.1

2001-2010 67.0 62.0 56.7 53.4 58.2 62.9 64.8 59.8 62.1 53.3 54.7 59.1 56.9 64.2 61.7 66.3 70.0 47.5 60.5 62.6 62.6

2011 66.6 61.7 55.5 52.8 60.0 62.4 66.1 61.3 62.7 49.6 49.1 57.9 58.0 64.6 61.8 63.2 71.8 48.6 63.6 62.9 63.02012 67.8 62.7 56.7 51.9 58.9 61.2 66.9 62.0 62.6 50.1 48.6 59.3 58.2 65.4 62.5 61.4 72.3 48.1 65.2 63.5 63.62013 68.4 62.6 56.9 52.0 56.3 61.0 67.5 61.4 59.6 52.2 49.4 58.6 57.7 65.3 63.1 61.1 71.8 48.1 64.7 63.5 63.72014 67.9 62.4 58.1 49.7 57.3 61.2 67.4 61.1 59.0 54.4 50.6 58.2 55.4 65.7 63.0 60.3 70.5 48.7 64.3 63.3 63.52015 66.7 62.4 60.4 38.4 57.3 61.5 66.6 61.0 58.6 58.1 53.1 58.0 53.2 64.2 62.7 59.5 70.1 49.5 63.6 62.8 62.92016 66.0 62.2 61.6 39.2 57.9 60.7 66.9 60.1 58.2 60.5 55.8 58.4 53.2 64.6 62.6 59.3 70.7 50.4 63.0 62.6 62.72017 66.0 62.4 61.7 37.7 57.9 60.1 67.2 59.9 58.2 60.4 55.5 60.1 52.4 64.2 62.1 60.1 70.2 52.1 60.6 62.6 62.62018 66.5 63.0 62.8 36.9 57.9 60.2 67.4 60.5 57.8 60.7 56.7 59.9 51.9 64.2 61.9 60.8 70.2 52.8 60.4 62.9 63.02019 66.9 63.8 63.4 36.9 57.5 60.6 66.3 60.7 57.8 61.3 57.4 60.8 51.2 64.6 61.8 61.1 71.2 53.4 61.1 63.0 63.12020 66.9 63.7 63.6 36.9 57.1 60.6 66.7 60.5 58.3 61.5 57.8 61.1 50.8 64.8 61.5 61.0 71.3 54.0 61.2 63.0 63.1

2011-2020 67.0 62.7 60.1 43.2 57.8 61.0 66.9 60.8 59.3 56.9 53.4 59.2 54.2 64.8 62.3 60.8 71.0 50.6 62.8 63.0 63.1

1) Compensation per employee as percentage of GDP at factor cost per person employed. 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) ; 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

73

Wage costs

32. Adjusted wage share; total economy; as percentage of GDP at current factor cost 1)


1960-1970 : : 67.6 : : : : 66.9 : 65.7 : 69.0 : : : : : : 67.4

1971-1980 : : 70.3 : : : : 68.5 : 65.7 : 70.4 : : : : : : 66.7

1981-1990 : : 67.9 : : : : 63.0 : 62.8 : 67.1 : : : : : 71.7 65.3

1991 65.7

1991 : : 66.0 : : : 74.5 64.6 : 63.8 : 65.5 : : : : 93.3 68.0 65.91992 : : 65.1 : : 70.1 71.7 63.4 : 63.6 : 65.8 : : : : 88.4 68.5 66.01993 : 47.2 65.4 : : 68.5 69.1 61.0 : 62.2 : 65.5 : : : : 81.8 68.6 65.31994 : 49.6 63.1 : : 66.2 64.6 59.8 : 59.7 : 64.1 : : : : 69.0 69.1 64.61995 42.0 48.8 63.1 71.9 63.9 65.5 65.6 57.6 64.2 59.9 63.7 63.7 : : : : 59.9 68.7 64.41996 43.7 50.2 63.4 73.3 63.3 67.5 63.5 60.4 64.2 58.4 63.4 63.5 : : : : 62.9 67.8 63.91997 46.8 50.6 63.3 74.2 61.9 68.0 55.6 60.4 63.7 59.6 63.1 63.1 : : 73.4 : 65.8 68.7 64.01998 53.8 48.9 65.2 77.4 61.0 67.0 74.1 59.6 63.4 61.4 63.1 63.1 : : 74.2 : 64.7 68.6 65.01999 58.8 48.9 65.2 80.5 60.4 66.6 69.6 59.9 63.7 63.1 63.6 63.6 : : 73.5 : 67.7 68.3 64.92000 56.9 49.1 62.9 81.2 61.7 64.7 79.9 60.7 63.5 63.9 63.6 63.6 : : 70.3 : 61.8 66.7 65.9

1991-2000 : : 64.3 : : : 68.8 60.7 : 61.6 : 64.1 : : : : 71.5 68.3 65.0

2001 57.9 48.9 64.0 76.2 60.9 66.8 84.6 62.2 63.2 65.6 63.6 63.6 : : 67.5 : 59.6 66.0 65.82002 55.5 51.0 64.7 78.2 59.4 64.4 68.5 62.0 63.1 64.6 63.3 63.4 : : 72.7 : 57.3 64.4 64.82003 56.5 51.9 65.1 77.9 61.2 62.0 69.6 61.3 63.1 64.4 63.3 63.4 : : 72.4 : 57.2 63.6 64.22004 55.7 51.9 63.9 75.6 61.1 57.9 60.6 60.3 62.3 65.0 62.8 63.0 : : 62.6 : 52.6 62.6 63.82005 55.2 51.5 64.0 75.1 61.0 56.9 66.8 60.2 62.1 64.0 62.5 62.7 : : 59.2 : 50.3 62.9 62.82006 53.5 51.1 63.9 73.2 59.4 55.5 63.1 58.9 61.5 64.8 62.1 62.4 : : 62.1 : 48.4 62.7 62.72007 51.3 50.8 65.7 72.1 59.8 55.6 55.3 59.6 60.9 65.5 61.8 62.1 : : 56.2 : 48.0 62.1 63.02008 53.8 51.5 66.0 71.5 59.4 57.5 57.9 61.0 61.6 64.5 62.1 62.4 : : 58.7 : 47.5 63.5 63.12009 55.2 51.5 68.3 73.6 59.1 54.9 55.2 63.1 63.4 66.5 63.8 64.3 : : 63.2 : 50.4 64.1 61.92010 56.8 52.4 65.5 73.1 58.3 56.0 60.9 60.5 62.7 67.5 63.4 63.8 : : 60.6 : 50.8 62.6 60.9

2001-2010 55.2 51.2 65.1 74.7 60.0 58.7 64.3 60.9 62.4 65.2 62.9 63.1 : : 63.5 : 52.2 63.5 63.3

2011 54.7 52.9 65.1 71.6 57.6 54.7 55.6 61.1 62.5 66.6 63.1 63.6 : : 58.8 : 49.2 63.9 60.82012 57.1 53.9 64.1 70.7 58.5 54.1 54.3 63.1 63.0 66.5 63.6 64.1 : : 57.5 : 50.5 63.3 60.72013 61.7 53.6 64.1 68.6 57.2 53.9 52.1 63.5 63.0 66.6 63.6 64.2 : : 53.7 : 50.0 62.4 60.42014 63.4 52.0 63.8 66.8 56.1 53.9 53.3 62.8 62.8 65.5 63.3 63.8 : : 54.9 : 50.9 62.5 60.52015 64.0 51.3 64.1 66.6 53.9 53.3 50.7 61.5 62.2 65.6 62.8 63.4 : : 53.6 : 51.7 61.3 60.92016 63.9 52.3 64.1 65.6 55.9 54.6 52.6 62.1 62.2 65.8 62.8 63.3 : : 55.0 : 56.7 62.1 60.92017 66.8 53.6 63.8 64.0 55.9 55.3 53.6 62.1 62.1 66.2 62.8 63.3 : : 54.1 : 53.2 61.9 61.02018 66.2 55.6 65.2 64.3 57.4 56.3 57.9 62.4 62.5 66.7 63.2 63.6 : : 49.4 : 52.5 62.8 60.52019 66.4 56.2 65.4 64.8 57.5 57.5 60.7 62.5 62.7 67.1 63.4 63.8 : : 50.8 : 52.2 63.0 60.52020 66.6 56.3 65.3 65.0 57.8 58.8 61.9 62.5 62.8 67.6 63.5 63.9 : : 50.9 : 51.7 63.3 60.7

2011-2020 63.1 53.8 64.5 66.8 56.8 55.2 55.3 62.4 62.6 66.4 63.2 63.7 : : 53.9 : 51.9 62.6 60.7

1) Compensation per employee as percentage of GDP at factor cost per person employed. 2) EU excluding UK; 1960-91 including D_W 3) 1960-91 including D_W 4) Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

74

Wage costs

33. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(National currency; 2010 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU NL MT AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 2) 3) 4)

1960 15.4 25.5 : 6.2 1.3 2.8 11.6 3.8 : : : 12.6 15.4 : 21.2 1.8 : : 8.7 : 10.5

1965 17.8 31.3 : 7.8 1.3 4.0 14.3 4.8 : : : 15.0 21.3 : 26.1 2.1 : : 11.6 : 13.1

1970 21.3 38.4 : 10.5 1.4 5.5 17.7 5.3 : : : 18.1 28.8 : 29.2 2.9 : : 14.4 : 16.1

1975 36.7 54.6 : 20.3 2.2 10.2 28.6 10.5 : : : 32.0 48.0 : 45.5 6.1 : : 28.0 : 26.3

1980 49.7 65.7 : 40.0 5.0 23.3 46.4 22.6 : : : 43.2 63.0 : 57.4 11.3 : : 40.8 : 40.6

1985 62.6 73.1 : 60.3 14.5 36.5 68.7 43.7 : : : 53.5 66.8 : 68.3 25.8 : : 61.4 : 57.2

1990 69.2 79.9 : 66.8 30.8 52.1 74.9 58.7 : : : 56.0 68.3 : 75.9 44.5 : : 80.3 : 67.8

1991 73.3 82.7 : 68.3 33.9 56.5 77.0 63.5 : : : 56.5 70.8 65.7 79.1 51.6 : : 85.6 : 71.41992 75.9 88.3 : 71.4 38.0 61.4 78.3 66.2 : 11.8 : 60.7 73.9 67.9 82.6 58.4 : : 84.0 : 75.01993 79.7 91.6 19.3 74.5 42.8 64.8 79.7 67.5 : 29.5 19.1 62.7 75.4 72.3 85.5 61.9 : : 80.1 : 77.31994 80.3 92.1 29.6 74.2 47.4 65.3 79.0 67.7 : 42.6 33.5 64.5 75.5 73.1 86.9 63.5 : : 78.5 : 77.61995 80.4 94.0 37.9 72.4 53.0 67.1 79.8 68.7 65.8 41.9 53.3 66.1 75.7 77.4 87.3 67.9 49.1 53.7 79.7 78.6 79.01996 80.9 94.3 45.2 72.6 56.0 68.8 80.6 72.5 68.4 51.1 68.1 68.7 76.0 77.2 86.8 70.8 52.7 58.0 80.0 79.9 80.31997 80.9 93.1 48.6 72.9 60.7 70.3 80.5 74.3 70.8 52.1 77.8 68.5 76.8 77.5 86.4 73.6 55.4 63.2 79.2 80.3 80.61998 81.8 93.3 52.0 77.3 64.6 71.6 80.3 73.0 69.7 53.1 82.9 68.2 78.1 77.2 86.5 76.4 58.2 66.5 80.1 80.6 80.91999 82.9 94.0 54.4 78.2 66.8 73.1 80.9 74.2 70.6 55.2 84.1 68.9 79.5 77.4 86.4 78.5 60.8 69.3 81.3 81.6 81.92000 83.2 94.6 55.4 80.5 67.8 74.9 81.8 74.5 71.8 55.4 77.3 70.7 82.0 76.7 86.3 81.9 65.4 75.9 81.7 82.5 82.8

2001 86.7 94.5 57.6 85.1 69.0 77.3 83.6 76.6 73.2 55.0 74.7 75.3 84.1 81.5 87.1 85.2 71.2 78.1 83.7 84.1 84.32002 88.4 95.3 60.0 85.8 75.3 79.7 85.9 79.8 75.6 54.4 76.1 77.5 88.0 82.2 87.4 87.9 75.5 81.4 84.7 86.2 86.52003 89.3 96.4 63.4 90.4 77.7 82.3 87.7 83.6 82.3 56.7 76.7 78.7 90.3 84.9 88.7 91.1 78.9 84.4 84.9 88.3 88.62004 88.6 95.8 66.7 92.2 79.0 84.7 88.3 85.6 83.2 60.2 79.8 80.8 90.3 87.3 88.6 91.3 81.7 86.4 85.1 89.1 89.32005 89.6 95.3 68.9 96.4 86.0 87.7 90.1 87.3 87.7 69.4 84.9 83.5 90.2 86.3 89.5 94.4 82.9 89.7 87.0 90.5 90.62006 91.6 93.6 75.3 100.2 85.5 90.7 91.7 89.3 88.9 80.3 95.1 85.9 90.5 89.8 90.8 95.0 83.9 91.2 88.1 91.4 91.52007 93.2 93.0 87.9 105.1 87.7 94.5 93.1 91.0 90.0 102.2 99.7 86.2 92.5 91.6 91.7 95.9 86.1 91.3 88.3 92.7 92.82008 97.6 95.2 102.5 113.5 92.4 100.0 95.8 95.0 92.8 123.7 109.3 94.1 95.8 94.5 95.2 98.6 91.6 95.1 93.5 96.3 96.22009 100.7 101.2 104.8 108.9 99.0 101.7 99.1 99.9 100.2 110.2 107.5 101.1 101.1 99.8 100.0 101.3 99.4 101.2 101.4 100.6 100.62010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2011 102.7 100.7 99.8 94.8 98.6 99.1 100.9 100.7 101.7 97.7 100.8 102.3 101.5 105.0 100.7 98.0 99.2 101.0 102.3 100.5 100.52012 106.1 103.9 104.8 95.1 96.7 96.6 103.0 102.6 103.1 102.6 103.0 107.1 104.3 108.5 103.8 94.9 100.0 101.9 107.6 102.4 102.42013 108.3 105.9 109.1 96.2 90.0 96.2 104.3 103.2 97.4 108.1 106.2 107.6 105.1 110.0 106.4 96.6 100.5 102.2 109.1 103.4 103.42014 108.4 107.4 113.8 91.3 88.4 95.9 105.0 103.3 93.5 113.7 109.6 109.5 105.2 108.3 108.7 95.4 99.2 102.7 110.3 104.0 104.02015 107.5 109.4 118.7 77.4 87.2 96.5 105.3 104.0 91.9 120.6 115.1 109.9 104.0 107.4 110.2 95.4 99.6 104.0 111.2 104.4 104.42016 107.9 110.8 122.2 78.1 87.0 95.8 105.6 104.5 90.7 126.4 122.5 111.5 104.5 109.0 112.0 96.8 101.3 105.4 109.8 105.1 105.02017 109.6 112.9 127.9 75.6 87.5 96.0 106.3 104.0 91.2 130.4 127.1 117.4 105.0 109.9 112.7 98.8 102.6 109.8 106.9 105.9 105.72018 111.6 116.1 135.7 75.5 88.4 96.8 107.5 106.0 91.5 136.3 133.7 121.2 107.1 110.7 114.4 100.9 105.1 113.5 108.6 107.8 107.72019 114.0 120.0 140.9 76.6 89.9 98.7 107.0 106.8 93.3 140.8 139.7 125.5 109.7 111.8 116.8 102.6 109.3 117.7 111.4 109.8 109.52020 115.8 122.3 145.2 78.1 90.6 100.2 108.0 107.7 95.2 143.7 144.5 128.4 111.8 113.1 118.4 104.0 112.6 122.0 114.0 111.4 111.1

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) Weighted in common currency 4) Weighted in common currency; Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

75

Wage costs

33. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(National currency; 2010 = 100)


1960 : : 8.4 : : : : 8.9 : 6.0 : 9.5 : : : : : : 19.3

1965 : : 11.7 : : : : 11.1 : 7.1 : 11.8 : : : : : : 19.8

1970 : : 16.3 : : : : 13.8 : 8.9 : 14.5 : : : : : : 25.2

1975 : : 28.1 : : : : 21.2 : 18.2 : 24.5 : : : : : : 33.6

1980 : : 41.6 : : : : 35.8 : 32.9 : 38.9 : : : : : 117.7 48.0

1985 : : 55.9 : : : : 49.0 : 43.1 : 54.0 : : : : : 119.4 60.1

1990 : : 68.2 : : : 0.0 70.3 : 59.3 : 66.2 : : : : 0.2 120.5 71.3

1991 : : 69.5 : : : 0.1 74.7 : 63.8 : 69.9 : : : : 0.3 124.9 74.01992 : : 70.3 : : 25.3 0.3 76.2 : 65.7 : 73.1 : : : : 0.5 126.9 75.71993 : 43.4 70.6 : : 31.4 0.8 76.3 : 66.2 : 75.0 : : : : 0.7 128.1 76.91994 : 51.3 68.8 : : 41.5 1.8 77.1 : 64.3 : 74.9 : : : : 1.3 129.0 77.51995 1.9 55.4 69.5 51.9 33.3 52.5 2.5 77.0 73.8 65.9 72.4 76.3 : : : : 2.1 127.5 78.91996 3.0 62.6 71.0 55.8 40.5 63.8 3.4 80.4 75.8 67.1 74.2 77.6 : : : : 3.9 125.1 79.91997 34.1 69.0 71.9 60.4 48.2 73.2 7.0 81.8 78.0 68.6 76.3 78.2 : : 81.9 : 7.3 127.1 81.41998 51.1 73.8 74.2 67.5 53.8 80.6 13.3 78.4 78.9 71.4 77.6 78.9 : : 84.4 : 12.6 126.2 83.71999 57.0 75.6 75.6 72.9 57.3 84.7 18.6 79.6 80.1 73.5 79.0 80.1 : : 85.4 : 20.3 123.8 84.92000 58.3 77.3 75.7 75.8 63.8 88.0 30.6 83.1 81.5 75.9 80.5 81.3 : : 85.9 : 27.1 119.7 88.1

2001 63.2 81.1 78.8 74.1 71.0 93.5 44.7 87.1 83.5 78.8 82.7 83.3 : : 86.7 : 39.8 117.0 90.12002 63.4 86.6 81.5 78.6 75.5 91.1 44.3 88.1 85.5 79.4 84.5 85.1 : : 91.9 : 52.1 112.3 89.82003 64.6 89.3 83.3 81.9 81.2 88.3 55.1 88.7 87.6 81.2 86.5 87.1 : : 97.5 : 63.7 109.4 90.62004 66.2 91.7 83.2 83.2 85.0 87.0 55.8 88.0 88.3 83.9 87.6 88.1 : : 84.4 : 66.0 106.5 92.42005 69.3 91.2 85.2 85.6 87.5 87.7 67.8 88.5 89.8 85.1 89.0 89.5 : : 82.9 : 67.4 105.8 93.72006 71.3 91.6 86.8 86.8 89.1 87.0 71.2 88.6 90.6 88.7 90.4 90.8 : : 90.9 : 71.0 104.4 96.42007 77.2 94.0 91.3 89.5 93.5 89.8 72.3 92.4 92.3 92.0 92.3 92.6 : : 85.3 : 75.8 102.7 99.52008 87.0 97.4 96.5 94.1 97.5 96.8 88.6 97.1 96.2 93.6 95.8 95.8 : : 94.5 : 84.4 104.0 101.62009 95.9 99.9 101.0 100.5 100.3 97.7 89.0 102.7 100.4 98.5 100.1 100.3 : : 102.5 : 94.3 104.4 100.52010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : 100.0 : 100.0 100.0 100.0

2011 102.5 100.7 100.0 100.0 101.7 100.8 93.3 102.6 100.5 99.9 100.4 100.5 : : 100.2 : 105.0 100.4 102.02012 107.6 103.7 100.9 99.0 105.3 102.9 94.7 106.9 102.5 101.4 102.3 102.3 : : 99.8 : 116.0 98.6 103.82013 116.0 104.2 101.5 96.0 106.2 103.1 94.4 108.6 103.5 103.3 103.5 103.5 : : 98.1 : 121.3 96.8 105.02014 120.7 104.7 102.3 93.5 107.5 103.7 98.3 109.8 104.1 103.3 104.0 104.0 : : 101.8 : 134.5 97.9 107.12015 123.7 103.8 103.1 92.7 104.7 103.1 95.3 109.5 104.5 103.8 104.4 104.5 : : 102.0 : 146.8 97.6 109.12016 126.5 107.0 103.7 91.0 110.2 105.7 103.3 111.4 105.4 106.4 105.6 105.5 : : 107.1 : 174.8 99.1 110.32017 137.1 110.9 104.8 89.4 114.7 108.1 111.6 113.9 106.5 108.8 106.9 106.5 : : 110.4 : 183.4 98.6 112.72018 140.3 117.8 107.3 91.0 122.4 110.9 127.2 117.2 108.9 111.5 109.3 108.7 : : 109.7 : 212.1 100.0 114.32019 145.4 121.5 109.4 93.4 127.5 115.3 140.3 120.1 111.1 114.4 111.7 110.7 : : 111.5 : 240.6 100.6 116.32020 149.0 124.6 111.5 95.5 132.6 120.1 148.6 122.4 113.0 117.4 113.8 112.6 : : 113.4 : 263.6 101.2 118.9

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) Weighted in common currency; EU excluding UK 3) Weighted in common currency 4) Weighted in common currency; Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

76

Wage costs

34. Real unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(2010 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU NL MT AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 2) 3) 4)

1960 92.7 106.2 : 129.1 138.9 106.4 111.0 120.9 : : : 91.1 98.0 : 117.1 113.6 : : 119.6 : 119.0

1965 92.3 108.6 : 127.4 115.0 111.1 112.2 117.3 : : : 96.5 106.2 : 116.9 115.1 : : 123.4 : 119.8

1970 91.9 110.4 : 128.1 104.8 110.6 110.2 111.1 : : : 87.6 110.7 : 111.0 129.6 : : 111.8 : 118.3

1975 106.1 115.8 : 133.9 94.2 115.4 115.1 120.2 : : : 113.6 118.6 : 120.1 156.5 : : 121.1 : 124.2

1980 109.8 115.1 : 133.3 97.6 115.1 115.0 115.4 : : : 112.1 115.7 : 117.1 119.2 : : 112.1 : 120.6

1985 104.9 109.7 : 119.6 105.3 104.9 109.9 112.9 : : : 101.7 105.4 : 110.8 103.2 : : 112.3 : 113.2

1990 100.9 106.2 : 113.2 101.0 104.7 101.7 107.2 : : : 97.1 104.7 106.4 108.3 98.3 : : 111.3 : 106.8

1991 103.8 106.7 : 113.6 92.7 106.3 101.9 107.7 : : : 96.2 105.2 107.9 109.1 102.8 : : 116.8 : 107.21992 103.9 108.3 : 115.7 90.7 108.3 101.6 107.3 : 72.5 : 99.7 107.1 107.6 110.0 106.8 : : 113.7 : 107.91993 104.9 107.9 100.9 114.6 89.2 109.2 101.8 105.3 : 110.0 85.1 97.2 107.6 111.3 110.9 107.3 : : 106.4 : 107.31994 103.5 106.1 111.1 112.3 88.9 105.9 100.0 101.9 : 116.4 92.2 96.5 105.5 108.8 109.9 103.1 : : 102.4 : 105.01995 102.5 106.2 108.2 106.6 90.4 103.8 99.8 98.3 97.7 99.5 100.1 96.7 103.7 109.9 108.4 104.4 105.5 96.0 99.8 103.8 103.81996 102.6 105.8 103.5 104.8 88.7 102.9 99.5 99.2 99.0 107.8 107.4 96.2 103.1 108.4 106.8 106.3 101.8 99.4 100.3 103.3 103.31997 101.7 104.3 100.9 101.2 90.3 102.6 98.5 99.1 100.1 103.9 110.2 96.9 101.5 107.5 104.9 106.3 98.6 103.3 97.2 102.1 102.11998 101.1 103.8 100.2 100.8 91.4 101.9 97.4 95.0 96.6 101.1 113.7 98.4 101.0 104.4 104.5 106.3 96.5 103.5 95.3 100.8 100.81999 101.9 104.3 97.5 97.7 91.2 101.4 97.9 95.0 95.8 103.6 116.8 93.9 101.6 103.1 104.2 105.7 94.6 100.4 95.9 100.9 100.92000 100.2 105.5 95.7 94.1 91.1 100.6 97.5 93.5 94.8 100.2 105.9 94.3 101.3 100.0 102.7 106.6 96.4 100.7 94.8 100.6 100.6

2001 102.3 104.0 93.6 93.1 89.7 99.8 97.6 93.4 93.2 97.4 102.7 99.9 99.7 103.7 101.7 106.9 96.7 98.5 94.0 99.9 99.92002 102.5 103.5 92.9 89.2 94.7 98.8 98.3 94.1 95.9 91.6 104.3 101.2 100.5 101.7 100.8 105.8 95.3 98.8 94.1 99.9 99.82003 101.6 103.4 94.0 90.4 94.4 98.1 98.5 95.5 99.1 90.9 105.9 100.1 101.0 102.2 101.0 106.0 94.3 97.2 94.2 99.9 99.92004 98.8 101.7 94.3 91.6 93.2 97.2 97.7 95.4 97.6 90.5 107.3 99.8 99.8 103.5 99.2 103.7 94.4 94.1 93.9 98.7 98.72005 97.9 100.5 91.9 92.8 99.2 96.6 97.8 95.5 100.8 93.7 106.9 99.0 97.8 100.1 97.7 103.8 94.3 95.4 95.1 98.2 98.22006 97.7 98.4 92.2 93.3 95.2 96.1 97.4 95.8 99.2 96.6 112.2 95.2 95.6 101.4 97.2 101.3 93.5 94.2 95.4 97.2 97.22007 97.5 96.2 96.5 96.6 94.5 96.9 96.4 95.4 96.4 102.3 108.3 94.1 95.7 100.5 96.1 99.3 92.1 93.3 93.1 96.2 96.22008 100.2 97.6 104.7 104.7 95.4 100.4 96.9 97.1 94.9 110.8 108.2 98.8 96.9 100.8 97.8 100.3 93.8 94.5 95.6 97.9 97.92009 102.6 101.9 106.6 105.3 99.6 101.8 100.1 100.2 102.2 109.3 110.0 104.7 102.1 103.6 100.9 101.9 98.4 101.6 101.8 101.3 101.32010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2011 100.7 99.6 94.8 96.4 97.8 99.0 99.9 99.2 99.9 91.8 95.8 97.6 101.3 102.7 98.9 98.3 98.1 99.3 99.7 99.5 99.62012 102.0 101.2 96.5 94.6 96.2 96.5 100.9 99.8 99.6 93.1 95.3 99.6 102.6 103.9 99.9 95.6 98.4 99.0 101.9 100.2 100.32013 103.0 101.2 97.0 94.4 91.8 95.7 101.4 99.1 95.2 96.5 97.0 98.5 102.1 103.3 100.7 95.1 97.3 98.8 100.7 100.0 100.12014 102.4 100.9 98.3 89.8 91.8 95.7 101.4 98.3 92.9 99.7 99.1 97.6 102.0 99.2 100.7 93.2 95.4 99.5 100.1 99.7 99.82015 100.6 100.8 101.4 70.9 90.9 95.7 100.6 98.1 92.4 105.8 103.8 98.3 100.0 96.0 100.0 91.4 94.7 100.9 99.3 98.6 98.72016 99.1 100.7 103.0 72.2 90.9 94.8 100.7 97.4 91.7 109.9 108.9 98.8 100.0 96.1 100.2 91.1 95.7 102.7 97.9 98.4 98.42017 99.1 101.0 103.8 69.6 90.9 93.9 100.7 96.4 90.7 109.8 108.3 101.8 99.3 94.5 99.6 91.5 95.4 105.7 94.4 98.1 98.02018 99.7 102.0 105.2 68.4 91.4 93.7 100.9 97.4 89.5 110.2 110.2 101.3 99.2 93.1 99.4 92.3 95.6 107.0 94.1 98.5 98.42019 100.3 103.3 105.8 68.2 91.8 94.0 99.1 97.5 90.3 110.8 111.8 103.1 99.2 92.0 99.5 92.5 97.0 108.1 95.1 98.6 98.52020 100.3 103.1 106.2 68.3 91.5 93.9 98.8 97.3 91.0 111.0 112.6 103.7 99.5 91.0 99.0 92.3 97.2 109.4 95.5 98.5 98.4

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to nominal GDP per person employed. 2) 1960-91 D_W 3) Weighted in common currency 4) Weighted in common currency; Former Euro area 12; 1960-91 including D_W

77

Wage costs

34. Real unit labour costs; total economy 1)

(2010 = 100)


1960 : : 101.6 : : : : 108.3 : 107.0 : 116.5 : : : : : : 111.2

1965 : : 106.5 : : : : 110.4 : 106.8 : 116.1 : : : : : : 107.0

1970 : : 108.0 : : : : 110.6 : 102.0 : 113.9 : : : : : : 111.8

1975 : : 111.0 : : : : 110.0 : 112.1 : 120.4 : : : : : : 108.1

1980 : : 108.7 : : : : 115.0 : 100.2 : 116.2 : : : : : 123.4 109.2

1985 : : 101.0 : : : : 105.1 : 92.6 : 108.7 : : : : : 115.2 105.8

1990 : : 102.8 : : : 151.2 107.6 : 93.9 : 104.3 : : : : 163.4 108.9 107.6

1991 : : 102.0 : : : 133.1 105.3 : 94.9 : 104.7 : : : : 196.5 110.0 108.01992 : : 101.4 : : 128.1 135.8 106.0 : 94.8 : 105.2 : : : : 186.7 110.0 108.11993 : 88.3 101.3 : : 121.9 121.0 103.4 : 93.0 : 104.4 : : : : 171.3 110.6 107.21994 : 93.7 97.2 : : 117.3 112.7 101.9 : 89.2 : 101.8 : : : : 146.0 111.3 105.81995 77.8 92.8 97.0 96.5 109.8 116.0 113.8 98.1 106.5 89.2 103.5 100.8 : : : : 125.0 110.6 105.51996 80.3 95.2 97.1 99.9 109.4 119.4 111.1 101.3 105.9 87.2 102.7 100.1 : : : : 130.8 109.0 105.01997 85.7 97.0 96.4 101.1 108.4 120.6 95.8 101.4 104.2 88.6 101.4 99.3 : : 121.1 : 135.3 110.3 105.11998 96.6 94.3 98.2 104.4 106.6 119.6 123.1 96.5 102.9 91.2 100.9 98.8 : : 123.1 : 133.6 109.5 106.91999 104.4 93.8 98.4 108.7 105.0 118.3 114.9 97.0 103.0 93.2 101.4 99.2 : : 121.2 : 138.8 108.8 106.92000 99.7 94.2 95.7 108.3 106.5 115.8 132.2 99.8 102.7 94.2 101.3 99.2 : : 112.8 : 124.3 106.7 108.5

2001 101.9 94.3 97.2 101.6 106.5 119.4 139.9 102.0 102.3 97.0 101.5 99.4 : : 108.6 : 119.4 105.4 108.52002 98.4 98.0 98.1 104.1 104.5 114.2 112.9 101.6 101.2 95.7 100.3 99.1 : : 114.0 : 113.7 102.8 106.52003 98.1 99.9 98.8 104.1 106.5 109.9 114.1 100.5 101.3 95.6 100.3 99.1 : : 119.0 : 112.7 101.7 105.52004 95.0 98.7 96.7 102.0 106.3 103.2 100.1 99.3 99.4 96.4 98.9 98.2 : : 103.3 : 103.7 100.1 104.72005 93.5 98.1 96.3 101.5 106.8 101.3 108.5 99.0 98.9 95.4 98.3 97.7 : : 96.7 : 99.0 100.5 103.12006 90.1 97.9 96.1 98.9 105.0 98.9 103.0 97.4 97.5 96.5 97.4 97.1 : : 102.7 : 95.2 100.0 102.92007 87.8 97.0 98.7 98.0 104.5 98.4 90.4 98.7 96.5 97.6 96.8 96.7 : : 92.1 : 95.8 99.2 103.42008 91.6 98.5 100.1 97.5 103.8 102.1 95.5 100.4 98.1 96.6 97.8 97.8 : : 96.7 : 95.2 101.4 103.62009 97.0 98.5 104.3 101.3 102.7 99.3 92.2 103.7 101.2 100.0 101.0 101.2 : : 104.6 : 100.9 102.5 101.72010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : 100.0 : 100.0 100.0 100.0

2011 96.7 100.6 99.4 98.4 99.4 97.7 89.9 101.4 99.3 98.0 99.1 99.4 : : 96.6 : 97.1 102.1 99.92012 100.0 102.2 97.9 95.9 99.6 97.4 87.7 104.5 99.7 98.0 99.5 100.0 : : 95.3 : 99.8 101.0 99.82013 108.5 101.3 97.7 92.3 97.6 97.3 84.6 105.1 99.5 98.0 99.3 99.9 : : 89.7 : 98.2 99.6 99.12014 112.4 99.2 97.4 89.8 95.6 97.4 86.6 104.4 99.0 96.3 98.6 99.3 : : 91.6 : 101.4 98.9 99.32015 112.7 97.3 97.7 89.1 91.4 96.1 81.8 102.0 97.7 96.4 97.5 98.4 : : 90.0 : 102.6 96.6 100.12016 112.8 99.1 97.6 87.5 95.3 98.2 86.6 102.1 97.6 96.8 97.4 98.3 : : 91.4 : 113.0 97.8 100.12017 118.2 101.1 97.3 85.0 95.5 98.5 89.3 102.1 97.3 96.8 97.2 98.0 : : 91.1 : 107.0 97.5 100.32018 116.7 105.2 99.2 85.0 97.5 99.9 96.2 102.7 97.8 97.4 97.8 98.4 : : 86.8 : 106.5 99.0 99.52019 117.8 106.3 99.6 86.0 97.7 102.0 100.8 103.0 98.1 98.1 98.0 98.7 : : 86.1 : 105.9 99.2 99.42020 118.1 106.8 99.6 86.6 98.3 103.8 102.9 103.0 98.0 98.7 98.1 98.6 : : 86.1 : 104.7 99.4 99.8

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to nominal GDP per person employed. 2) Weighted in common currency; EU excluding UK 3) Weighted in common currency 4) Weighted in common currency; Former EU-15; 1960-91 including D_W

78

Wage costs

35. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)Performance relative to the rest of 37 industrial countries; double export weights

(USD; 2010 = 100)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 2) 3)

1995 106.1 131.9 53.8 87.7 79.6 88.7 103.7 79.2 89.7 60.4 47.7 88.2 91.7 99.0 115.9 89.5 99.6 56.3 108.2 110.31996 102.9 126.6 60.5 88.8 82.3 90.1 103.2 90.2 94.2 69.9 60.8 88.6 88.6 96.0 111.1 92.4 93.8 58.2 103.6 110.51997 97.3 116.5 61.0 89.4 84.9 86.3 97.5 91.1 92.3 72.3 75.6 83.7 89.1 91.9 105.9 92.6 92.0 63.4 97.3 99.21998 97.5 115.3 65.0 88.9 83.0 86.7 96.7 87.9 87.8 72.4 80.5 82.6 88.7 92.4 105.1 93.9 93.1 63.3 96.5 97.31999 96.1 112.6 66.1 85.9 84.3 85.9 94.3 86.4 85.4 76.8 83.1 81.7 86.5 91.9 102.9 94.0 91.2 58.0 94.6 93.22000 91.4 105.7 63.7 81.8 78.4 83.4 89.5 81.2 82.1 81.4 83.7 80.6 82.8 90.4 98.2 93.6 89.1 63.5 88.9 83.4

2001 94.0 103.3 65.7 85.2 78.1 84.7 89.9 82.3 82.6 79.5 82.0 84.3 87.0 91.4 97.2 95.5 90.4 62.3 90.2 83.92002 95.0 103.8 67.8 86.6 85.2 86.6 92.4 85.9 84.8 75.0 86.3 85.7 87.7 95.0 96.5 97.5 90.9 64.3 91.2 87.72003 98.4 108.8 72.7 96.1 89.3 91.1 97.0 93.1 93.7 72.1 89.1 87.7 91.9 99.3 99.2 102.3 92.1 68.9 94.6 98.12004 97.7 108.7 76.5 99.1 90.8 93.8 98.0 96.1 94.0 73.4 92.9 89.8 95.4 99.3 99.4 102.0 93.1 73.3 95.5 100.42005 97.4 105.6 77.3 102.2 96.2 95.3 98.3 95.8 97.6 79.1 96.2 91.4 92.8 97.7 98.5 103.5 92.1 77.2 96.0 98.92006 98.6 102.1 82.6 105.0 94.4 97.5 99.1 97.1 97.7 89.5 105.4 93.0 96.1 97.1 99.3 102.5 92.4 80.7 96.1 98.42007 99.7 100.6 94.2 110.3 95.3 100.8 100.0 98.4 96.3 110.4 106.7 92.0 99.3 98.4 99.6 102.1 93.3 87.6 95.4 99.92008 102.7 100.6 105.3 120.2 97.7 105.2 101.2 100.6 98.0 127.7 111.4 98.2 101.8 100.3 100.3 102.6 95.5 95.1 98.8 103.82009 103.0 105.0 106.5 112.6 101.9 104.2 101.8 103.2 103.0 112.0 109.2 102.9 103.3 103.3 102.4 102.7 101.1 103.6 105.1 108.92010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2011 102.1 99.8 98.1 94.5 98.7 98.7 100.2 100.2 101.5 97.1 100.3 101.5 104.5 100.8 99.8 97.8 98.8 100.4 101.0 99.92012 101.3 98.7 98.2 89.7 92.6 92.6 98.2 98.0 99.7 99.4 98.4 102.2 104.0 99.6 99.3 92.1 96.8 98.5 101.1 95.82013 104.5 102.7 102.1 92.3 87.6 93.1 101.4 100.2 97.3 104.2 101.6 103.2 107.0 101.1 102.6 94.5 97.5 98.8 104.3 101.62014 104.2 104.2 106.5 86.8 86.1 92.6 101.9 100.2 93.1 109.0 104.3 104.6 105.2 100.7 104.6 92.9 96.1 98.9 105.8 102.52015 99.3 101.1 108.6 68.2 81.9 89.6 97.5 96.2 87.8 112.8 106.4 102.1 99.6 95.9 102.3 89.8 94.4 97.8 102.5 94.42016 99.5 102.1 111.3 69.0 80.9 88.8 97.6 96.2 86.3 117.2 112.6 103.4 100.1 96.4 103.3 91.3 95.2 98.6 100.6 95.22017 101.3 104.5 116.3 67.2 82.1 89.2 98.6 95.9 87.2 120.3 116.3 108.5 101.4 96.8 103.4 93.2 95.9 101.9 98.0 97.42018 102.6 107.7 122.7 67.4 83.3 89.6 99.5 97.9 87.5 124.3 121.1 111.0 102.3 98.1 104.0 94.7 96.9 103.6 99.5 101.02019 101.8 108.0 124.1 65.7 82.2 88.8 95.7 95.5 86.5 124.7 122.9 112.0 100.1 97.6 102.9 93.8 98.0 104.4 99.0 98.92020 101.4 107.6 125.0 65.7 80.9 88.4 94.6 94.2 86.5 124.2 124.2 112.5 99.4 97.4 102.1 93.2 98.9 105.8 99.1 97.8

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) 1960-1992 including LU 3) Euro area relative to 18 industrial countries (BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK TR CH NO US CA MX JP AU NZ)

79

Wage costs

35. Nominal unit labour costs; total economy 1)Performance relative to the rest of 37 industrial countries; double export weights

(USD; 2010 = 100)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK EU-28 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 2)

1995 57.3 50.8 89.4 73.5 71.3 85.0 51.5 103.1 85.7 95.3 : : : : 90.5 161.7 106.81996 34.8 56.6 89.1 75.7 72.2 94.1 47.9 116.4 87.4 98.1 : : : : 96.2 136.1 111.81997 44.3 58.9 86.2 80.1 77.5 98.1 45.4 111.8 102.5 92.5 : : : : 105.1 128.6 119.21998 63.6 62.1 88.7 86.5 75.3 102.3 70.4 103.3 109.3 94.1 : : : : 105.9 118.0 126.61999 69.3 61.3 87.8 85.6 74.6 96.4 58.3 101.5 110.8 88.9 : : : : 108.0 133.3 124.92000 68.1 62.3 82.3 85.3 77.4 101.4 75.4 103.7 115.6 79.5 : : : : 105.0 139.9 132.5

2001 74.3 67.2 85.1 83.7 85.9 116.1 83.7 97.4 115.8 81.3 : : : : 81.1 121.2 139.02002 73.5 78.7 87.8 88.2 95.8 105.9 67.9 99.4 115.8 86.5 : : : : 79.8 109.2 135.32003 75.2 79.3 92.4 89.8 99.6 90.3 70.6 104.4 111.3 97.8 : : : : 84.0 104.2 121.92004 76.9 81.3 92.8 91.8 105.3 86.3 66.0 104.8 119.2 103.9 : : : : 83.4 101.5 115.12005 77.6 84.8 93.4 93.9 107.6 96.1 87.7 101.2 117.7 103.1 : : : : 88.3 96.9 112.72006 79.2 89.0 94.1 95.2 101.9 97.6 93.9 100.2 122.0 104.8 : : : : 85.3 88.0 113.02007 84.2 91.9 98.0 96.8 110.8 102.0 99.0 103.3 125.8 110.4 : : : : 91.1 79.3 108.12008 91.7 102.7 101.7 100.1 111.5 115.3 106.6 102.4 107.5 112.2 : : : : 93.4 86.7 102.12009 99.0 97.1 104.8 101.8 100.8 91.7 90.3 95.5 97.4 108.9 : : : : 89.4 98.7 103.42010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : : : 100.0 100.0 100.0

2011 103.3 102.9 98.3 97.5 100.1 97.2 92.6 107.3 98.1 99.5 : : : : 89.3 104.7 95.32012 105.2 100.3 94.4 92.2 96.9 94.1 86.2 110.5 102.1 94.5 : : : : 95.5 104.0 99.12013 115.1 97.7 96.2 89.2 95.5 94.2 87.2 114.7 101.0 102.3 : : : : 92.9 82.3 101.72014 119.9 92.0 97.1 86.1 92.5 94.7 90.1 110.2 106.9 104.8 : : : : 89.2 76.6 106.32015 119.7 89.7 94.4 83.5 87.4 91.6 84.9 103.1 114.1 94.9 : : : : 89.7 73.0 125.52016 120.8 92.9 94.9 82.0 90.8 89.5 90.6 103.8 102.5 92.4 : : : : 96.4 83.0 129.52017 131.8 98.2 96.1 81.1 94.5 93.6 96.3 104.4 98.0 95.3 : : : : 82.0 78.4 130.32018 134.7 105.8 98.2 82.1 96.4 94.7 107.1 100.6 100.1 101.6 : : : : 68.7 78.3 127.32019 135.7 106.0 97.0 81.9 97.0 95.0 112.7 98.2 101.9 99.6 : : : : 66.9 78.4 129.82020 135.6 106.4 96.7 82.0 98.4 96.9 116.7 97.9 102.9 98.9 : : : : 71.0 77.0 129.7

1) Ratio of compensation per employee to real GDP per person employed. 2) EU-28 relative to 9 industrial countries (TR CH NO US CA MX JP AU NZ)

80

Foreign trade and current balance

36. Exports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 32.7 19.2 : 28.2 9.9 8.1 14.8 13.1 46.7 : : 85.8 76.4 46.1 21.4 15.4 : : 21.2 : 18.8

1965 36.3 18.2 : 30.8 7.7 8.0 13.6 14.4 49.2 : : 79.8 70.2 41.4 22.1 17.9 : : 19.1 : 18.0

1970 43.8 21.4 : 32.7 7.9 12.1 16.0 15.3 54.2 : : 87.9 64.7 43.1 27.4 18.5 : : 24.2 : 20.8

1975 45.5 24.2 : 37.8 14.1 12.3 18.8 19.0 50.8 : : 91.5 107.9 47.5 28.1 15.1 : : 22.2 : 23.7

1980 49.6 26.3 : 43.8 19.3 14.4 21.0 20.5 64.7 : : 87.6 118.6 50.4 31.7 21.1 : : 30.8 : 26.1

1985 61.8 32.4 : 53.3 16.1 21.0 23.3 21.3 69.7 : : 107.5 94.5 59.9 34.9 29.2 : : 28.0 : 29.9

1990 61.0 32.3 : 54.6 14.8 15.8 21.0 18.6 73.7 34.9 38.7 97.8 111.1 54.4 35.7 28.7 80.1 25.8 22.1 : 27.4

1991 33.5 27.5

1991 59.6 23.7 : 55.5 14.2 15.8 21.3 17.3 67.4 25.8 22.1 97.7 113.4 55.1 34.6 25.4 73.7 45.1 21.3 : 24.71992 58.2 22.3 : 58.3 14.9 16.3 21.3 17.6 71.2 58.5 17.4 96.7 119.8 53.4 33.2 23.4 55.7 68.4 25.5 : 24.31993 55.5 20.4 66.0 63.3 14.0 17.8 20.8 20.5 67.7 53.6 61.4 97.0 124.3 52.6 31.5 23.0 51.9 55.1 31.4 24.7 24.41994 57.8 21.1 71.1 67.9 14.4 20.4 21.7 22.0 68.0 34.0 41.2 100.2 126.0 54.7 32.2 24.6 52.9 58.2 34.0 26.1 25.81995 59.5 22.0 67.8 73.4 14.4 21.9 22.6 24.7 66.8 34.6 37.1 102.5 122.3 57.2 33.5 26.8 45.6 56.7 35.8 27.7 27.41996 60.4 22.9 61.8 74.8 14.3 23.1 23.1 23.8 70.2 40.5 41.9 106.5 114.1 57.4 34.2 26.5 46.2 52.3 36.3 28.1 27.81997 63.9 25.4 71.6 77.2 16.2 25.8 25.5 24.2 69.2 39.7 45.0 115.8 110.6 60.4 37.0 27.1 47.6 55.1 37.8 30.4 30.11998 63.4 26.5 74.4 84.4 16.3 26.2 26.1 24.1 68.7 39.2 39.1 126.2 110.3 59.3 38.4 27.3 47.5 46.7 37.5 31.0 30.81999 63.9 27.0 70.2 86.6 19.3 26.4 26.1 23.3 66.9 35.0 32.4 130.8 112.4 59.9 39.4 26.5 44.1 47.5 37.6 31.4 31.12000 71.9 30.8 61.6 94.5 23.7 28.6 28.6 25.7 70.0 36.9 38.5 148.5 119.3 66.0 43.3 28.2 50.0 54.1 42.1 35.1 34.8

2001 71.0 31.9 61.3 95.3 22.8 27.9 28.3 25.7 68.2 38.1 44.0 147.4 108.5 63.3 44.6 27.4 51.7 57.8 39.7 35.1 34.92002 70.3 32.6 58.3 90.5 20.1 26.5 27.5 24.5 62.4 36.6 47.3 142.0 111.6 60.1 45.3 26.9 52.2 57.5 39.1 34.5 34.22003 68.6 32.6 57.4 80.9 18.5 25.4 26.1 23.4 57.8 36.1 46.2 138.9 107.7 59.3 44.6 26.8 50.9 62.2 37.3 33.5 33.22004 70.4 35.4 61.5 80.5 20.7 25.2 26.5 24.1 56.9 39.1 47.3 153.0 103.5 62.7 46.9 27.3 55.0 68.7 38.6 35.0 34.72005 73.5 37.7 65.9 79.6 21.3 24.7 27.0 24.7 55.7 43.2 53.8 161.7 104.4 65.6 48.6 26.7 59.6 72.0 40.3 36.4 35.92006 75.7 41.2 63.5 79.0 21.2 24.9 27.9 26.2 53.4 40.0 55.6 176.2 123.5 68.2 50.8 29.9 64.7 81.0 43.2 38.4 37.92007 77.5 43.0 63.2 80.8 22.5 25.7 27.9 27.4 53.3 38.5 50.4 182.9 129.5 68.8 52.6 31.0 67.6 83.3 44.0 39.6 39.02008 79.7 43.5 66.8 84.1 23.4 25.3 28.1 27.0 50.1 39.5 57.1 187.1 148.5 69.8 53.2 31.1 66.1 80.0 45.1 39.9 39.42009 69.3 37.8 60.8 93.2 19.0 22.7 24.8 22.5 48.7 42.6 51.9 164.1 147.7 62.2 45.2 27.1 57.2 67.6 36.3 35.1 34.52010 76.4 42.3 75.1 103.0 22.1 25.5 26.8 25.2 50.2 53.7 65.3 174.5 153.3 69.8 51.3 29.9 64.3 76.3 38.7 39.1 38.5

2011 81.6 44.8 86.5 103.6 25.5 28.9 28.4 27.0 52.9 57.8 75.0 178.0 160.4 75.5 53.9 34.3 70.4 85.0 39.2 42.0 41.22012 82.3 46.0 86.0 104.4 28.7 30.7 29.2 28.6 53.4 61.3 81.6 186.4 165.2 79.5 54.0 37.7 73.1 91.4 39.5 43.7 42.92013 81.7 45.4 84.3 103.5 30.4 32.2 29.4 28.9 58.6 60.3 84.1 190.6 157.0 79.9 53.4 39.5 74.5 93.8 38.8 44.0 43.12014 82.7 45.6 81.8 109.8 32.4 32.7 29.7 29.3 62.0 60.7 81.1 212.6 148.9 80.6 53.4 40.1 75.8 91.9 37.2 44.7 43.92015 80.8 46.9 77.3 122.1 31.6 32.9 30.6 29.9 64.5 60.4 75.8 224.8 153.9 82.7 53.1 40.4 76.9 92.3 36.4 46.2 45.42016 82.7 45.9 77.6 120.1 30.1 33.1 30.2 29.6 64.5 60.0 74.1 223.6 151.9 79.5 52.3 40.0 77.8 93.5 35.9 45.6 44.82017 85.8 47.0 76.5 119.9 33.0 34.3 30.9 31.2 64.8 61.1 80.9 223.1 150.9 83.0 53.7 42.7 82.9 96.9 38.5 47.3 46.42018 87.8 47.0 75.2 120.5 36.1 34.3 31.4 31.8 64.3 58.9 82.2 224.8 144.6 83.0 54.5 43.6 85.2 97.3 39.0 47.9 47.02019 89.2 46.6 74.3 120.5 37.4 34.3 31.8 32.6 62.8 57.7 82.3 223.6 140.8 82.0 54.5 44.3 86.6 98.9 39.6 48.2 47.22020 90.7 46.3 74.2 120.7 38.4 34.5 32.3 33.5 61.5 57.2 82.3 223.0 138.5 82.8 54.7 44.9 87.8 100.5 40.2 48.6 47.6


81


36. Exports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 : : 31.7 : : : : 21.8 : 19.4 : 19.3 : : : : 3.9 10.5 5.0

1965 : : 28.8 : : : : 20.8 : 17.8 : 18.3 : : : : 3.9 10.3 5.0

1970 : : 27.2 : : : : 23.0 : 20.5 : 21.0 : : : : 3.7 10.6 5.6

1975 : : 29.4 : : : : 26.8 : 23.6 : 23.9 : : : : 4.3 12.5 8.2

1980 : : 32.5 : 34.3 27.3 20.9 28.4 : 24.4 : 26.0 : : : : 4.6 13.4 9.8

1985 : : 36.4 : 37.0 17.6 26.8 34.0 : 25.1 : 29.4 : : : : 13.9 14.1 7.0

1990 : 40.5 36.4 : 27.3 25.9 15.5 29.0 : 20.9 : 26.6 : : : : 11.2 10.3 9.3

1991 26.4

1991 27.2 43.0 37.7 : 28.7 21.3 16.3 27.1 : 20.2 : 24.3 : : : : 11.7 9.9 9.71992 29.5 43.8 37.0 : 27.6 21.4 25.8 26.8 : 20.5 : 24.0 : : : : 12.2 9.8 9.71993 23.9 42.5 36.6 : 23.2 20.8 21.4 31.3 : 22.2 : 24.5 : : : : 11.6 9.1 9.51994 28.2 38.1 36.9 : 25.4 21.4 23.1 34.5 : 23.4 : 25.9 : : : : 18.0 9.0 9.91995 32.5 40.4 36.6 27.6 39.1 23.0 25.6 38.0 28.3 25.1 27.9 27.6 : : 22.4 8.1 16.8 9.0 10.61996 48.9 38.3 37.1 30.7 41.8 22.1 26.5 36.8 28.7 25.7 28.2 28.0 11.6 : 19.1 15.0 18.2 9.5 10.71997 50.0 40.5 37.8 31.3 47.9 23.4 28.2 40.0 30.9 25.4 30.0 29.7 10.2 : 25.3 15.7 20.8 10.5 11.11998 42.2 42.2 37.2 29.5 52.8 26.0 23.0 41.0 31.6 23.8 30.3 29.9 11.5 : 27.9 21.2 20.6 10.5 10.51999 43.1 42.9 39.3 30.5 55.5 24.1 26.7 41.0 32.0 23.7 30.5 30.2 16.8 : 28.6 11.7 18.6 10.0 10.32000 36.5 48.2 44.8 36.5 66.7 27.2 21.6 44.0 35.7 24.9 33.7 33.4 20.1 30.2 32.9 9.9 19.4 10.6 10.7

2001 35.1 49.0 45.6 38.7 64.7 27.2 22.1 43.7 35.7 24.7 33.7 33.4 21.3 31.6 29.2 22.4 26.6 10.2 9.72002 33.9 45.1 45.7 37.7 58.0 28.8 24.0 42.0 35.1 23.7 33.1 32.7 20.9 29.0 26.3 20.6 24.5 11.0 9.12003 34.7 46.9 43.8 38.9 56.3 33.4 24.2 41.2 34.3 23.5 32.4 31.9 20.8 25.1 27.7 22.0 22.2 11.6 9.02004 41.3 57.3 43.9 39.5 59.5 34.3 25.7 43.4 35.9 23.4 33.7 33.0 22.2 34.5 30.7 24.2 22.8 13.0 9.62005 42.9 62.2 47.5 39.4 62.5 34.6 24.5 45.8 37.3 24.7 35.1 34.3 23.0 35.8 34.8 28.0 21.0 14.0 10.02006 47.3 65.2 50.7 39.7 74.0 37.9 24.8 48.1 39.5 26.7 37.3 36.4 25.2 40.6 37.8 29.4 21.7 15.9 10.72007 52.4 66.4 51.5 39.0 77.9 38.6 24.7 48.2 40.6 24.9 37.9 36.9 28.2 43.0 44.1 27.3 21.2 17.5 11.52008 52.5 63.2 54.2 38.5 79.3 37.9 26.2 49.8 41.1 26.7 38.9 37.9 25.3 39.5 43.2 28.4 22.8 17.4 12.52009 42.3 58.7 47.1 34.5 74.4 37.2 26.0 44.4 36.3 26.2 34.9 33.8 25.2 34.3 32.8 26.3 22.6 12.5 10.92010 50.2 66.0 50.5 37.6 81.8 40.1 32.4 46.1 40.3 28.2 38.6 37.3 28.0 37.0 39.8 32.3 20.4 15.0 12.3

2011 59.1 71.3 53.8 40.3 86.7 42.6 37.0 46.6 43.3 30.4 41.4 40.0 29.2 42.3 47.1 33.0 22.3 14.9 13.52012 60.8 76.2 54.6 41.5 86.4 44.4 37.4 46.3 44.9 29.8 42.5 41.0 28.9 43.7 45.4 35.8 23.7 14.5 13.52013 64.9 76.9 54.8 42.7 85.7 46.3 39.9 43.8 45.1 29.7 42.8 41.2 28.9 41.3 43.4 39.9 22.3 15.9 13.52014 64.9 82.5 54.6 45.3 87.7 47.6 41.2 45.0 46.0 28.2 43.1 41.4 28.2 40.1 47.7 42.1 23.8 17.5 13.52015 64.1 81.0 55.4 48.1 89.0 49.5 41.0 45.5 47.4 27.4 43.9 42.2 27.3 42.1 48.7 45.3 23.3 17.6 12.42016 64.0 79.6 53.6 48.7 89.7 52.2 41.2 44.4 46.9 28.3 43.9 42.1 29.0 40.6 50.7 48.6 22.0 16.3 11.92017 67.4 79.7 54.5 51.1 88.2 54.3 41.5 45.3 48.5 30.1 45.7 43.8 31.6 41.1 55.4 50.5 24.8 17.8 12.12018 64.5 78.8 54.7 51.2 86.5 55.3 41.6 46.9 49.1 29.9 46.2 44.3 31.7 43.2 60.3 50.9 29.6 18.4 12.42019 64.0 78.4 55.7 51.6 85.3 55.7 41.7 48.8 49.5 30.2 46.5 44.6 33.1 45.0 63.4 51.5 32.1 18.7 12.32020 63.5 77.6 55.9 52.2 85.4 55.8 41.8 49.4 49.9 30.3 46.9 44.9 34.1 45.1 66.4 53.5 29.1 19.1 12.3


82


37. Exports of goods and services at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 9.1 7.7 : 9.5 8.1 11.7 9.0 11.7 : : : 5.9 : 8.4 9.0 9.5 : : 7.3 : 8.8

1971-1980 4.7 5.1 : 7.3 14.1 7.1 7.3 5.6 : : : 3.1 : 5.3 6.7 6.0 : : 5.9 : 5.8

1981-1990 4.5 5.3 : 8.5 1.4 5.4 4.1 4.1 : : : 6.1 : 4.5 4.9 10.4 : : 2.8 : 4.7

1991 3.1 11.0 : 5.7 4.1 8.2 6.3 -2.7 : : : 9.2 : 6.6 2.9 0.5 -20.1 : -7.9 : 6.01992 3.7 -0.4 : 13.9 10.0 7.5 5.9 6.2 : : : 2.7 : 2.9 1.3 5.4 -23.5 : 10.4 : 3.71993 -0.4 -5.9 : 9.7 -2.6 7.8 0.4 8.1 : : : 4.8 : 4.0 -2.4 1.3 0.6 -0.2 16.7 : 0.91994 8.3 7.8 3.5 15.1 7.4 16.7 8.2 9.0 : : : 7.7 : 8.7 5.7 10.5 12.3 14.8 13.3 : 9.01995 5.0 6.6 5.4 20.0 3.0 9.4 8.9 11.8 16.0 : : 4.6 : 9.2 7.2 13.6 1.1 4.5 8.8 : 8.51996 5.0 5.9 2.6 12.4 4.1 9.9 4.3 1.7 6.4 18.6 25.9 3.7 -5.9 4.1 4.6 5.9 3.0 -1.4 5.8 5.0 5.01997 9.4 12.3 25.4 17.5 23.1 14.6 13.0 5.0 0.0 12.7 23.9 11.0 4.0 9.7 11.0 7.4 11.6 10.0 14.0 11.1 11.11998 4.3 7.7 13.2 22.8 4.5 8.0 8.8 2.7 5.8 4.7 3.8 12.6 8.1 6.7 7.9 8.0 7.8 -2.6 8.9 7.3 7.31999 5.0 5.3 0.5 15.8 24.4 8.0 5.1 -1.0 2.4 -6.3 -18.8 12.3 8.2 9.0 6.4 3.6 2.0 10.1 11.3 5.8 5.82000 12.4 13.8 -7.0 21.2 22.2 10.5 12.9 11.9 8.8 14.4 14.1 15.4 5.6 12.4 13.5 8.4 12.6 7.5 16.1 13.2 13.3

1991-2000 5.5 6.3 : 15.3 9.7 10.0 7.3 5.2 : : : 8.3 : 7.3 5.7 6.4 -0.1 : 9.5 : 7.0

2001 0.3 5.7 6.3 14.0 0.1 3.7 3.1 2.7 1.8 9.0 24.1 5.8 -4.0 1.5 5.8 2.3 7.2 10.6 1.3 4.0 3.92002 3.7 4.3 2.8 6.5 -7.3 1.4 2.0 -2.8 -3.5 5.0 20.2 2.6 6.3 0.6 4.3 3.1 7.8 7.0 3.7 2.2 2.12003 1.6 1.9 10.2 -1.7 -0.7 3.4 -1.0 -1.3 -2.9 4.0 9.1 2.8 -0.3 1.8 0.5 3.3 3.2 18.4 -1.2 0.9 0.82004 6.2 11.4 17.3 6.5 18.6 4.3 5.4 6.2 3.2 13.7 4.2 10.7 -2.1 8.2 8.7 4.5 13.0 20.9 8.7 8.1 8.02005 5.0 6.7 19.9 5.5 3.3 1.8 4.0 3.4 3.1 23.5 20.5 5.5 4.3 5.8 6.7 0.5 11.4 12.9 6.9 5.2 5.02006 5.3 12.3 9.5 6.1 5.2 4.9 6.0 8.2 2.3 7.5 12.6 13.1 17.5 7.2 7.6 12.4 14.1 22.9 10.1 8.6 8.52007 5.7 9.3 12.6 8.9 10.6 8.3 2.8 6.2 5.4 13.8 3.2 8.1 10.9 5.4 7.6 7.3 13.6 14.6 9.1 7.1 7.02008 1.7 1.9 0.9 -3.8 3.5 -0.8 0.4 -3.1 -0.6 2.4 13.5 5.5 19.4 1.6 2.2 -0.3 4.2 3.0 6.6 0.9 0.72009 -9.4 -14.3 -20.3 4.6 -18.5 -11.0 -10.9 -18.1 -4.7 -12.9 -12.8 -11.6 -0.4 -8.6 -14.4 -10.2 -16.6 -16.8 -20.1 -12.3 -12.22010 10.3 14.5 24.0 6.0 4.9 9.4 8.7 11.8 4.5 13.4 18.9 10.4 6.9 9.7 13.1 9.5 10.2 15.7 6.2 11.2 11.1

2001-2010 2.9 5.1 7.6 5.1 1.5 2.4 1.9 1.0 0.8 7.5 10.8 5.1 5.6 3.2 3.9 3.1 6.4 10.3 2.7 3.4 3.3

2011 6.7 8.3 24.2 3.2 0.0 7.4 6.4 5.2 5.7 12.0 15.4 4.0 1.5 5.2 5.9 7.0 6.9 12.0 2.0 6.6 6.42012 0.3 2.8 4.8 -0.9 1.2 1.1 2.8 2.3 -2.7 9.8 12.4 2.8 7.0 3.3 1.4 3.4 0.6 9.3 1.2 2.4 2.22013 0.9 1.7 2.8 2.9 1.5 4.3 2.1 0.7 2.1 1.1 9.9 5.3 0.9 2.5 0.6 7.0 3.1 6.7 1.1 2.2 2.02014 5.2 4.7 2.8 14.6 7.7 4.3 3.3 2.7 4.3 6.0 3.3 16.4 4.1 4.5 2.9 4.3 5.7 3.9 -2.7 4.7 4.82015 3.5 5.3 -1.4 39.3 3.1 4.2 4.6 4.4 5.2 3.1 0.9 5.3 15.6 7.4 3.5 6.1 5.0 6.0 0.8 6.6 6.62016 7.6 2.3 5.2 4.4 -1.8 5.2 1.5 2.1 4.6 4.4 4.0 3.8 4.5 1.7 2.7 4.4 6.4 5.5 3.5 3.0 2.92017 5.0 4.6 3.5 7.8 6.8 5.2 4.5 5.9 6.0 6.2 13.6 -1.9 5.6 5.3 4.7 7.8 10.7 5.9 7.7 5.2 5.12018 3.5 2.0 4.3 8.9 8.7 2.3 3.3 1.9 3.3 1.8 4.9 4.5 2.1 2.7 4.4 3.6 7.2 4.8 1.5 3.2 3.12019 3.0 1.1 3.4 4.5 4.7 2.3 2.8 1.9 0.8 2.2 3.6 1.8 2.4 1.6 2.8 3.2 5.4 6.1 3.2 2.3 2.22020 3.1 2.6 3.4 4.1 4.2 2.9 2.9 3.1 0.8 2.4 3.6 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.5 5.6 5.5 3.4 3.0 3.0

2011-2020 3.9 3.5 5.1 8.4 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.0 3.0 4.9 7.0 4.3 4.6 3.7 3.2 5.0 5.6 6.5 2.1 3.9 3.8


83


37. Exports of goods and services at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 6.3 : : : : 7.6 : 5.0 : 8.0 : : : : 6.5 15.9 5.9

1971-1980 : : 4.7 : : : : 3.8 : 4.6 : 5.5 : : : : 3.7 9.4 7.2

1981-1990 : : 5.2 : : : : 4.4 : 3.7 : 4.6 : : : : 16.0 5.7 5.5

1991 : -12.1 6.2 : : -1.7 -18.5 -2.0 : 0.2 : 4.9 : : : : 3.7 5.2 6.61992 : 7.0 0.3 : 2.7 10.8 4.1 2.2 : 4.5 : 3.7 : : : : 11.0 4.4 6.91993 : 12.5 1.2 : -10.3 3.2 10.6 7.8 : 4.6 : 1.6 : : : : 7.7 0.4 3.31994 : -2.4 8.2 : 13.6 13.1 19.0 13.5 : 9.2 : 9.1 : : : : 15.2 3.9 8.81995 : 15.3 2.7 : 48.2 22.9 17.0 11.1 : 9.5 : 8.6 : : : : 8.0 4.2 10.31996 30.0 2.5 4.7 16.7 9.2 11.3 6.1 4.1 5.2 7.4 5.4 5.3 : : -12.9 84.6 22.0 4.8 8.21997 7.1 7.6 4.5 6.7 22.8 12.2 11.2 13.9 11.1 10.0 10.9 10.9 -18.3 : 29.4 28.6 19.1 11.1 11.91998 -17.4 9.7 4.1 -0.2 15.5 14.2 -1.6 8.9 7.4 2.8 6.7 6.6 33.8 : 8.5 26.1 12.0 -2.4 2.31999 -17.7 5.2 11.3 1.4 11.8 -2.5 7.3 7.2 5.8 3.0 5.4 5.6 73.1 : 6.9 -43.3 -11.2 1.9 5.02000 -17.2 14.8 12.6 18.5 24.9 23.6 -18.6 11.7 13.2 8.5 12.6 12.5 38.9 : 19.7 22.6 17.4 12.7 8.3

1991-2000 : 5.7 5.5 : : 10.4 2.9 7.7 : 5.9 : 6.8 : : : : 10.1 4.5 7.1

2001 1.2 9.4 3.4 10.1 8.8 3.1 14.3 0.7 3.9 1.9 3.7 3.5 15.5 : -14.2 46.4 4.6 -6.7 -5.82002 8.9 0.9 4.4 4.7 5.7 4.8 17.4 1.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.2 3.6 : -4.9 12.4 7.8 7.8 -1.72003 6.5 8.8 -1.2 10.8 6.3 14.1 8.3 4.2 1.5 3.0 1.7 1.2 11.8 : 0.3 18.5 6.7 9.5 2.22004 24.5 29.7 3.0 6.0 17.9 4.9 14.1 10.7 8.5 5.4 8.1 7.6 18.5 : 17.2 12.9 11.6 14.3 9.72005 9.1 18.2 7.8 4.6 12.9 9.9 9.2 6.6 5.8 7.9 6.0 5.5 24.3 : 17.9 12.5 8.1 7.2 7.12006 7.7 14.3 10.3 5.6 19.5 15.6 11.8 8.7 9.1 12.1 9.5 9.0 16.9 : 12.1 7.3 6.5 10.3 9.32007 19.6 11.0 3.7 3.4 16.1 10.0 20.9 4.5 7.3 -1.0 6.3 5.7 19.1 30.0 13.8 3.8 7.3 8.7 8.72008 2.5 4.2 3.9 0.8 6.9 7.1 13.8 2.0 1.5 0.4 1.3 0.8 -4.6 1.7 -4.7 12.6 3.8 1.6 5.72009 -11.7 -9.8 -9.2 -14.1 -11.4 -5.9 -5.7 -14.5 -12.0 -8.3 -11.6 -11.8 4.7 -12.7 -13.9 -11.5 -3.7 -23.4 -8.42010 11.0 14.7 2.9 6.2 11.3 13.1 15.5 11.9 11.1 5.7 10.5 10.2 19.2 7.5 23.7 16.9 1.7 24.9 12.1

2001-2010 7.5 9.7 2.8 3.6 9.1 7.5 11.7 3.4 3.7 2.8 3.6 3.2 12.6 : 3.9 12.4 5.4 4.6 3.7

2011 12.6 9.2 7.2 2.2 6.5 7.9 12.1 6.1 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.4 6.7 14.6 16.1 5.6 13.4 -0.2 7.12012 2.0 4.3 1.2 -0.1 -1.8 4.6 1.1 1.0 2.3 1.4 2.2 2.0 0.3 -0.3 2.0 2.9 14.9 -0.1 3.42013 9.6 0.2 1.6 3.1 4.2 6.1 20.2 -0.8 2.4 1.5 2.3 1.9 1.6 -1.3 6.1 18.0 1.1 0.8 3.62014 3.1 8.7 3.1 6.0 9.1 6.7 8.0 5.3 5.0 2.3 4.7 4.4 1.2 -0.7 16.5 4.3 8.2 9.3 4.32015 5.7 6.0 3.6 9.4 7.2 7.7 4.6 5.7 6.5 4.4 6.3 6.3 1.0 5.7 8.5 9.4 4.3 2.9 0.62016 8.1 4.3 3.9 5.6 5.1 8.8 16.0 3.0 3.5 1.0 3.2 2.7 11.3 5.9 9.1 11.9 -1.9 1.7 -0.12017 5.8 6.7 3.6 6.4 4.7 9.5 10.0 3.2 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.0 12.9 1.8 8.1 8.2 11.9 6.8 3.02018 -0.8 4.5 0.6 2.8 4.7 6.3 5.4 3.5 3.3 0.1 3.0 2.7 3.0 9.5 15.3 8.9 7.5 3.1 4.02019 3.3 3.3 2.5 3.2 4.6 5.2 4.4 3.1 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.2 5.9 4.1 8.0 6.1 5.1 1.7 2.92020 2.9 3.1 2.3 3.3 4.8 4.7 3.6 2.9 3.1 2.5 3.1 2.9 6.7 3.8 8.5 9.3 3.3 2.1 2.3

2011-2020 5.2 5.0 2.9 4.2 4.9 6.7 8.4 3.3 4.1 2.7 3.9 3.6 5.0 4.2 9.7 8.4 6.7 2.8 3.1


84


38. Intra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics


BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU NL MT AT PT SI SK FI 2) 3)

1960 18.9 6.1 : 17.1 2.0 3.4 4.2 3.7 : : : : 18.5 : 10.3 3.6 : : 11.9

1965 26.2 8.8 : 17.0 2.1 2.1 5.5 5.9 : : : : 21.0 : 9.6 5.3 : : 10.4

1970 33.1 10.5 : 18.0 2.8 3.0 7.3 6.5 : : : : 23.6 : 10.6 6.0 : : 13.1

1975 33.0 11.5 : 27.2 4.4 3.3 8.1 8.1 : : : : 26.6 : 10.0 5.9 : : 10.7

1980 38.2 13.7 : 30.1 4.5 4.8 9.2 9.1 : : : : 29.0 : 13.4 9.2 : : 15.4

1985 44.8 16.3 : 34.4 5.4 7.2 9.9 9.1 : : : : 36.3 : 15.0 14.4 : : 12.5

1990 44.8 16.1 : 37.3 5.5 7.3 11.4 9.0 : : : : 35.4 : 16.5 16.4 : : 10.9

1991 43.4 13.6 : 37.4 5.5 7.6 11.8 8.6 : : : : 35.8 : 15.8 14.8 : : 10.91992 40.8 12.8 : 38.9 5.8 7.5 11.6 8.3 : : : : 33.6 : 15.3 13.7 : : 13.11993 42.1 10.8 : 39.6 4.6 7.9 10.4 9.1 : : : : 30.8 : 13.6 13.0 : : 14.51994 42.9 11.2 : 43.3 4.6 9.6 11.4 10.0 : : : : 33.1 : 14.0 14.4 : : 15.61995 45.5 11.7 : 47.7 4.9 10.8 11.8 11.4 : : : : 31.5 : 15.8 15.3 : : 17.31996 47.5 12.0 : 45.4 4.3 11.3 11.9 10.7 : : : : 37.1 : 15.7 16.2 : : 17.01997 50.3 12.8 : 44.3 4.0 11.7 12.9 10.7 : : : : 39.4 : 17.4 16.5 : : 17.41998 53.1 13.7 : 49.4 4.0 12.9 13.3 11.0 : : : : 38.5 : 18.8 16.4 : : 18.31999 54.2 16.2 35.7 48.6 4.9 12.1 14.3 12.2 2.3 17.8 18.5 32.4 40.1 23.7 23.5 16.2 30.9 44.3 20.42000 60.7 18.3 49.2 50.1 5.5 14.1 15.6 13.0 2.4 19.0 23.1 34.1 45.4 20.5 26.0 16.8 34.7 51.8 23.1

2001 62.4 18.7 43.1 48.7 5.4 13.9 15.1 13.0 2.3 18.7 25.6 40.5 43.6 23.5 27.2 16.1 35.3 53.7 20.32002 62.8 18.8 38.3 45.3 4.8 13.3 14.4 12.3 2.1 18.5 25.3 38.0 41.5 21.5 27.9 15.6 33.8 52.2 19.72003 61.8 19.5 37.9 35.2 4.7 13.0 14.2 12.0 2.0 19.4 23.2 40.1 41.1 20.3 28.3 15.6 33.1 55.6 18.72004 63.7 20.9 39.5 33.9 4.6 12.7 14.1 12.3 3.7 21.4 27.6 42.2 43.4 20.6 29.4 15.1 36.4 56.1 18.12005 66.3 21.9 43.1 33.1 4.8 12.1 13.4 12.5 5.7 23.2 29.7 45.9 47.4 19.6 28.9 15.8 40.9 57.1 18.22006 68.4 23.6 37.5 29.7 5.2 12.0 14.0 13.3 4.6 20.6 29.8 48.4 50.1 21.5 29.8 16.8 45.2 63.9 20.42007 69.5 24.9 34.7 28.6 5.3 12.1 13.8 14.0 4.2 19.4 27.9 39.5 50.7 19.3 31.0 16.8 48.3 66.2 20.02008 69.7 24.4 36.0 28.6 5.3 12.0 13.5 13.5 4.1 19.4 29.7 40.5 53.0 15.6 30.8 16.2 46.7 62.9 19.02009 57.7 20.4 31.9 29.9 4.3 10.6 11.2 10.8 3.2 19.9 28.2 36.1 44.3 13.4 24.8 13.6 39.8 54.2 13.92010 61.5 22.2 40.8 30.5 5.1 12.2 12.1 12.2 3.6 27.2 34.1 29.3 52.4 16.9 28.1 15.6 47.1 61.2 15.3

2011 64.9 23.3 47.7 31.1 6.1 13.7 12.7 13.0 4.5 30.8 39.6 27.9 56.8 19.0 29.3 18.1 52.2 69.1 16.12012 62.7 22.5 46.1 31.2 6.4 14.1 12.5 13.1 4.2 31.7 41.8 26.3 59.2 18.0 28.5 19.1 52.0 72.6 15.32013 63.1 21.9 46.1 28.0 7.1 14.7 12.3 13.1 4.9 31.7 38.9 24.2 57.9 16.3 28.5 19.5 52.9 72.2 15.22014 62.6 22.1 43.5 25.7 7.3 15.0 12.2 13.5 7.0 31.8 36.5 23.8 57.2 13.0 28.1 19.7 54.2 72.2 15.62015 62.4 22.7 42.1 22.5 7.9 15.3 12.2 13.7 7.4 31.1 37.5 25.2 56.5 11.2 28.0 20.1 56.3 73.3 15.12016 61.0 22.3 40.6 21.7 8.1 15.6 12.1 13.8 7.0 30.5 35.3 22.2 55.4 11.4 27.2 20.2 55.5 73.7 14.22017 62.7 22.9 39.1 21.1 8.6 16.1 12.2 14.5 5.7 30.3 36.5 21.2 58.9 10.5 28.6 20.9 59.9 75.5 16.02018 63.8 23.0 38.2 22.0 9.6 16.0 12.4 14.8 5.8 30.0 36.8 19.6 59.0 11.9 28.9 21.9 62.1 75.8 16.32019 65.0 22.7 37.7 21.0 10.2 16.0 12.6 15.4 5.6 27.8 36.4 19.6 58.0 11.6 28.9 22.9 63.0 77.1 16.22020 66.5 22.5 37.6 20.2 10.6 16.1 12.8 15.9 5.4 27.5 36.2 19.8 58.3 11.5 29.1 23.2 63.7 78.5 16.1

1) 1960-1998 Former EU-15, 1999-2001 Former EU-27 2) 1960-1998 including LU 3) 1960-90 D_W

85


38. Intra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics


BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK EU-28 EU-15 2) 3)

1960 : : 13.2 : : : : 10.3 3.2 : 6.2

1965 : : 14.2 : : : : 10.4 4.6 : 7.9

1970 : : 12.4 : : : : 11.3 5.6 : 9.5

1975 : : 13.8 : : : : 12.2 7.2 : 10.8

1980 : : 15.4 : : : : 13.4 9.4 : 12.6

1985 : : 15.2 : : : : 15.1 10.2 : 14.0

1990 : : 17.5 : : : : 12.7 8.7 : 13.7

1991 : : 18.0 : : : : 11.6 8.8 : 13.11992 : : 18.0 : : : : 11.5 8.7 : 12.71993 : : 17.4 : : : : 13.2 8.4 : 12.21994 : : 17.5 : : : : 15.1 9.4 : 13.21995 : : 18.3 : : : : 18.1 10.4 : 14.21996 : : 18.2 : : : : 16.8 10.6 : 14.41997 : : 18.8 : : : : 17.3 10.0 : 14.91998 : : 18.4 : : : : 18.4 9.7 : 15.41999 16.8 36.1 20.1 : 43.4 13.2 17.3 19.6 9.9 : 16.82000 20.6 40.7 22.0 : 50.1 15.0 20.1 20.2 10.3 : 18.4

2001 22.0 43.0 21.8 : 47.8 15.4 21.2 18.6 10.0 : 18.32002 21.8 40.4 22.4 12.0 43.4 16.9 22.3 18.0 9.7 18.3 17.82003 22.8 42.9 21.4 12.2 43.0 20.3 23.2 18.1 8.9 18.2 17.62004 23.9 50.6 21.7 12.7 44.9 23.6 23.7 19.1 8.5 18.8 18.02005 23.8 49.3 22.8 12.3 45.8 23.0 19.9 19.9 8.8 19.2 18.42006 26.9 52.6 23.3 13.2 52.7 25.5 18.8 21.2 10.5 20.5 19.52007 25.7 55.4 22.7 12.4 54.8 25.8 16.8 21.2 8.3 20.6 19.52008 24.9 52.8 23.0 12.1 54.4 24.7 16.3 21.3 9.0 20.9 19.82009 20.5 46.4 19.7 10.1 50.6 24.7 17.3 17.7 8.1 18.0 16.92010 25.0 54.0 19.7 12.0 57.1 26.4 21.6 18.5 9.0 19.9 18.6

2011 30.7 59.5 21.2 12.8 61.6 27.9 24.5 18.6 9.6 21.4 19.82012 29.2 61.6 20.9 12.7 62.7 28.2 23.8 18.0 8.9 21.1 19.52013 31.9 62.8 20.6 13.5 61.8 29.3 24.0 16.7 8.5 20.9 19.22014 32.1 69.2 20.1 15.2 63.1 31.2 24.8 16.7 8.0 20.8 19.02015 32.8 70.4 19.3 17.2 65.1 33.1 25.1 16.4 7.1 20.7 18.82016 33.1 69.7 18.8 17.5 65.8 34.4 25.3 16.1 7.3 20.8 18.82017 34.2 70.5 19.2 18.6 66.0 35.5 25.3 16.9 8.0 21.8 19.72018 34.9 69.8 19.0 19.4 66.1 35.7 25.6 17.9 8.1 22.2 20.02019 34.4 69.8 19.3 19.4 65.2 35.7 25.4 18.6 8.0 22.2 20.02020 33.8 69.4 19.4 19.5 65.2 35.4 25.6 18.8 7.9 22.3 20.1

1) 1960-1998 Former EU-15, 1999-2001 Former EU-27 2) 1960-90 including D_W 3) Former EU-15; 1960-90 including D_W

86


39. Extra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 12.2 9.1 : 3.9 2.6 2.4 6.8 5.5 : : : : 11.6 : 6.5 5.7 : : 6.9

1965 9.1 6.1 : 3.4 2.1 1.5 4.4 4.6 : : : : 7.0 : 6.2 5.5 : : 6.0

1970 9.2 7.2 : 5.4 2.1 2.8 4.9 5.2 : : : : 7.2 : 7.9 5.5 : : 7.2

1975 10.4 9.0 : 5.9 3.7 3.2 6.6 7.3 : : : : 8.3 : 8.7 3.4 : : 8.0

1980 12.4 8.9 : 8.4 4.6 4.1 7.3 7.2 : : : : 8.8 : 7.9 4.8 : : 10.9

1985 16.5 11.5 : 13.0 4.2 6.2 8.4 8.4 : : : : 10.7 : 9.6 6.6 : : 11.7

1990 11.9 9.0 : 10.7 2.7 3.1 5.6 5.4 : : : : 5.6 : 8.3 4.2 : : 7.8

1991 12.1 8.0 : 11.0 2.7 2.9 5.2 5.0 : : : : 4.7 : 7.8 4.1 : : 7.11992 11.2 7.4 : 11.2 2.3 2.7 5.3 5.1 : : : : 4.4 : 7.4 3.7 : : 8.01993 11.5 7.6 : 16.5 3.8 4.0 6.0 6.8 : : : : 5.5 : 7.3 3.2 : : 11.71994 16.2 8.1 : 16.2 2.9 4.2 5.8 7.3 : : : : 5.3 : 8.0 3.7 : : 13.01995 15.5 8.3 : 16.1 3.2 5.0 6.9 8.4 : : : : 8.7 : 8.1 3.6 : : 12.01996 14.6 8.8 : 17.6 3.7 5.3 7.1 8.5 : : : : 9.0 : 8.7 3.7 : : 13.31997 19.6 10.3 : 20.0 3.9 5.4 7.9 8.7 : : : : 10.4 : 10.7 3.9 : : 15.31998 18.2 10.5 : 21.9 3.5 5.2 8.0 8.4 : : : : 10.3 : 10.5 3.6 : : 14.31999 14.6 8.5 5.9 23.6 2.5 4.3 7.5 6.7 1.6 5.1 6.6 4.5 8.8 24.6 6.9 3.0 7.0 4.9 10.82000 18.3 9.9 6.7 27.2 3.4 5.2 8.4 8.0 1.6 4.5 7.8 5.2 10.4 39.9 8.4 3.8 8.7 5.6 13.5

2001 17.6 10.6 9.9 27.1 3.0 4.8 8.4 8.1 1.9 5.1 9.3 5.3 9.9 21.3 8.6 3.7 9.2 5.2 13.22002 20.3 10.7 8.6 23.3 2.6 4.5 7.7 7.7 1.6 5.3 11.2 5.0 10.0 23.8 8.8 3.6 9.9 5.7 12.52003 18.2 10.4 8.1 21.2 2.3 4.2 7.1 7.0 1.3 5.0 13.7 4.8 9.9 21.3 8.7 3.6 9.8 8.7 12.32004 18.9 11.3 9.6 20.0 2.3 4.3 7.2 7.3 1.8 6.2 13.4 4.5 10.9 21.0 9.9 3.8 11.1 8.2 13.12005 20.0 12.0 12.0 18.7 2.7 4.6 7.7 7.6 2.1 7.1 15.5 5.4 11.9 17.9 10.7 3.9 12.0 8.1 13.82006 21.0 13.3 19.6 17.2 2.6 4.8 7.3 8.2 1.9 7.8 17.0 5.8 13.1 19.9 10.9 4.7 13.4 9.3 15.22007 21.7 13.4 14.7 16.4 3.0 5.0 7.2 8.7 1.6 7.3 15.1 5.5 14.2 24.3 11.0 5.0 14.2 9.7 15.22008 20.9 14.0 15.3 16.9 3.4 5.2 7.6 9.1 1.8 8.9 19.5 5.3 14.0 23.0 11.1 5.5 14.4 10.4 14.92009 18.6 12.2 14.0 18.9 3.3 4.5 6.7 7.7 1.6 9.5 15.6 5.2 12.8 20.0 9.3 4.4 11.9 8.6 11.02010 22.7 14.6 18.7 22.4 4.3 5.5 7.7 8.8 1.8 13.2 21.8 6.0 15.4 24.1 10.8 5.1 13.6 11.0 12.8

2011 25.2 15.9 24.3 22.4 5.7 6.8 8.1 10.0 2.1 15.9 24.9 6.9 16.9 27.1 11.8 6.2 15.3 12.1 12.82012 26.8 17.1 23.7 21.6 8.0 8.0 8.7 11.1 2.7 18.1 27.4 7.0 18.9 28.1 12.2 7.8 17.3 13.7 13.22013 26.9 16.6 18.9 20.9 8.0 8.7 8.4 11.2 3.5 16.0 31.3 5.7 18.6 19.7 12.2 8.2 17.8 14.8 12.32014 26.2 16.2 16.7 21.0 7.8 8.5 8.1 11.1 6.5 14.6 30.1 5.1 18.2 13.0 12.1 8.1 17.8 13.4 11.62015 24.6 16.5 13.9 19.9 6.7 8.2 8.5 11.3 9.3 13.9 23.7 4.8 18.1 13.2 12.0 7.5 17.8 12.5 10.62016 23.7 15.8 14.3 21.6 6.3 7.8 8.2 10.9 7.5 13.3 22.9 4.6 17.4 16.0 11.3 6.7 18.2 12.5 10.02017 24.2 16.2 15.4 20.3 7.4 8.2 8.5 11.5 9.1 15.5 26.1 4.0 19.4 9.1 11.6 7.3 19.2 12.6 10.92018 23.8 16.0 18.0 21.8 8.5 8.2 8.6 11.5 14.5 14.9 26.0 3.7 20.3 8.8 11.6 6.9 19.4 12.7 11.32019 24.2 15.8 17.8 22.1 8.5 8.1 8.7 11.7 14.0 14.5 26.0 3.4 20.1 8.5 11.5 6.9 19.7 12.9 11.72020 24.4 15.8 17.8 22.6 8.6 8.1 8.8 11.9 13.7 14.3 26.2 3.2 20.4 8.4 11.4 7.0 19.9 13.1 12.2


87


39. Extra EU exports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 : : 10.1 : : : : 6.2 10.7 : 8.2

1965 : : 7.1 : : : : 5.9 8.4 : 5.9

1970 : : 7.2 : : : : 7.0 8.8 : 6.5

1975 : : 7.7 : : : : 9.2 10.3 : 7.9

1980 : : 8.4 : : : : 8.9 8.8 : 8.0

1985 : : 11.8 : : : : 11.8 8.7 : 9.6

1990 : : 7.0 : : : : 9.5 6.8 : 6.8

1991 : : 7.1 : : : : 8.9 6.1 : 6.21992 : : 8.8 : : : : 8.4 6.2 : 6.11993 : : 7.7 : : : : 10.5 7.3 : 7.01994 : : 7.9 : : : : 11.9 7.1 : 7.41995 : : 7.6 : : : : 10.2 7.2 : 7.91996 : : 7.5 : : : : 10.1 7.6 : 8.21997 : : 9.5 : : : : 13.9 8.0 : 9.31998 : : 9.3 : : : : 13.3 7.0 : 9.01999 12.5 4.9 8.2 : 7.5 2.9 6.4 11.7 6.4 : 7.72000 16.0 6.4 9.2 : 9.4 3.4 7.7 13.2 7.0 : 8.9

2001 14.2 6.4 9.5 : 8.8 3.5 6.9 12.9 6.7 : 8.92002 13.2 6.4 9.6 6.2 7.4 3.8 7.8 12.7 6.1 8.5 8.62003 13.0 5.9 9.0 5.7 7.5 4.4 7.3 12.6 6.1 8.1 8.22004 14.2 7.1 8.9 6.6 8.3 5.7 7.7 13.1 5.9 8.5 8.62005 14.9 8.0 9.4 7.1 9.8 6.2 8.2 13.7 6.7 9.0 9.12006 16.2 8.4 9.4 7.4 12.6 6.7 7.8 13.9 6.2 9.4 9.42007 15.9 9.2 9.6 8.2 13.3 6.8 6.4 13.4 6.0 9.5 9.52008 16.0 9.0 9.9 7.8 13.8 6.9 6.7 14.1 7.2 10.0 10.12009 10.8 8.1 9.4 6.5 12.5 6.2 5.9 12.6 6.6 8.9 8.92010 15.7 10.0 10.3 7.7 15.7 6.9 8.2 13.9 8.0 10.5 10.6

2011 18.3 11.9 11.2 8.6 18.0 7.8 9.9 14.5 9.6 11.8 11.82012 20.3 14.2 11.9 9.2 18.3 8.8 10.0 13.6 8.8 12.5 12.52013 21.3 14.6 11.7 8.3 17.6 9.8 10.5 12.2 11.1 12.8 12.72014 19.3 15.0 11.5 8.7 15.8 9.1 10.1 11.9 8.7 12.1 12.12015 17.7 14.1 12.2 8.9 15.0 8.6 9.0 11.7 8.8 12.1 12.12016 16.8 13.6 11.7 9.2 15.0 8.8 8.4 11.1 8.1 11.7 11.72017 19.6 13.5 11.8 10.5 15.2 8.9 8.1 11.6 8.7 12.2 12.22018 16.0 12.9 12.1 9.7 14.7 8.7 7.6 12.2 9.1 12.3 12.42019 16.1 12.4 12.4 9.9 14.5 8.7 7.9 12.6 9.0 12.3 12.42020 16.3 12.0 12.4 10.0 14.5 8.6 7.7 12.8 8.9 12.4 12.4


88


40. Imports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 33.4 16.6 : 33.7 14.7 7.1 12.4 13.3 58.7 : : 66.8 85.6 42.8 22.8 19.6 : : 22.1 : 17.4

1965 36.5 17.9 : 39.7 17.2 13.3 12.4 12.1 54.7 : : 72.4 87.0 40.7 23.5 23.0 : : 20.9 : 17.9

1970 41.9 19.2 : 40.7 15.3 13.5 15.4 15.1 64.3 : : 68.6 97.6 43.3 27.5 24.9 : : 25.7 : 20.3

1975 45.4 21.8 : 44.1 21.2 16.5 17.9 18.9 76.8 : : 79.8 118.0 43.0 28.5 24.0 : : 28.3 : 23.1

1980 52.7 27.0 : 56.9 25.3 17.2 22.5 23.1 85.4 : : 80.8 118.2 49.4 35.1 34.3 : : 32.1 : 27.9

1985 61.2 29.0 : 52.7 24.3 20.0 23.7 21.7 79.7 : : 93.7 108.3 54.6 35.2 33.9 : : 27.3 : 28.9

1990 59.6 26.7 : 50.3 25.4 19.8 21.8 18.4 77.2 38.8 47.4 85.1 121.2 49.6 35.8 36.8 70.2 34.8 23.7 : 26.4

1991 28.1 26.3

1991 58.1 24.2 : 50.8 24.4 19.7 21.6 17.2 77.4 20.2 16.5 86.0 120.2 50.0 35.5 34.7 66.4 48.2 22.2 : 25.21992 56.0 22.8 : 51.1 23.9 19.7 20.7 17.7 82.2 57.8 15.6 81.1 121.3 48.6 34.5 32.5 50.2 72.6 24.7 : 24.61993 52.7 20.3 70.0 53.2 23.0 19.2 19.1 17.5 64.7 45.1 70.7 79.7 128.7 46.3 31.8 30.7 51.5 59.7 26.8 23.6 23.31994 54.6 20.9 81.4 58.5 21.7 21.3 20.2 18.7 64.9 35.1 48.0 80.8 130.9 48.2 33.8 32.2 51.6 53.0 28.4 24.8 24.51995 56.0 21.5 75.3 62.5 22.7 22.9 21.0 21.1 67.6 39.3 47.8 82.1 131.7 50.6 34.7 33.1 47.9 54.6 28.3 26.2 25.91996 57.6 22.1 72.3 63.9 23.2 23.2 21.3 19.2 70.6 49.5 51.2 83.9 123.5 51.3 35.8 33.7 47.4 62.9 29.4 26.3 26.01997 60.5 24.2 82.1 65.2 23.1 25.5 22.5 20.5 70.6 48.8 55.0 94.7 115.5 54.0 37.8 35.1 48.7 64.5 30.5 28.2 27.81998 60.1 25.1 84.0 73.5 26.0 26.7 23.4 21.1 66.2 51.3 50.5 106.7 113.0 53.2 38.6 36.5 49.2 57.3 29.6 29.1 28.81999 60.1 26.3 74.6 73.5 28.1 28.3 23.7 21.5 64.3 44.8 42.4 108.4 114.7 54.5 38.9 36.8 48.5 51.9 28.6 30.0 29.72000 69.2 30.6 64.9 80.7 34.7 31.6 27.3 24.8 67.5 44.9 44.7 123.5 126.5 59.5 42.0 39.2 53.7 56.6 32.9 34.3 34.0

2001 67.7 30.1 65.3 79.7 33.4 30.2 26.7 24.5 63.6 48.4 49.5 123.9 110.2 56.7 42.9 37.6 52.8 65.8 30.6 33.6 33.32002 64.8 28.2 65.8 73.3 30.2 28.5 25.5 23.7 61.2 46.7 53.0 116.9 107.2 53.3 41.6 35.2 51.2 64.7 30.2 32.0 31.62003 63.4 28.9 65.9 65.7 29.6 27.7 24.7 22.9 56.2 48.7 52.0 115.2 106.9 52.6 41.8 33.7 51.2 64.1 30.8 31.6 31.22004 65.7 30.4 69.4 66.2 29.2 29.0 25.5 23.5 57.0 54.6 54.4 128.2 104.8 54.9 43.9 35.5 56.4 71.4 32.4 32.9 32.42005 69.9 32.7 71.0 68.7 29.6 29.7 26.9 24.8 56.2 57.7 61.1 136.1 106.8 57.2 45.4 35.8 60.2 76.6 36.4 34.8 34.32006 72.0 35.9 73.6 71.0 31.7 30.8 28.2 27.1 56.4 60.6 65.9 144.4 126.8 59.6 47.2 38.2 64.7 85.0 39.0 37.2 36.52007 73.7 36.4 72.1 72.5 35.0 31.7 28.6 27.8 58.0 57.5 63.5 149.6 129.0 61.7 48.2 38.6 68.9 84.4 39.2 38.1 37.42008 79.2 37.5 70.7 75.5 36.0 30.4 29.3 27.8 62.9 52.5 68.7 156.4 148.7 61.3 48.8 40.8 68.0 82.9 41.4 38.9 38.12009 67.0 32.9 55.8 79.8 28.8 23.8 25.6 23.1 54.1 44.2 53.6 131.9 149.2 54.7 41.9 34.0 55.4 69.1 34.3 33.5 32.92010 74.7 37.1 68.7 86.4 30.7 26.8 28.1 27.2 57.5 55.1 67.2 141.6 154.2 61.7 47.8 37.4 62.9 77.8 37.4 37.6 36.9

2011 81.1 39.9 80.8 84.8 32.3 29.2 30.4 28.6 55.7 62.8 77.5 145.5 158.2 67.0 51.2 38.6 68.5 86.0 40.0 40.4 39.72012 81.7 39.9 84.4 87.0 33.1 29.2 30.5 27.6 54.7 65.8 80.8 155.4 160.6 69.8 51.2 38.2 68.9 87.8 40.9 40.8 40.02013 80.5 39.4 81.5 84.7 33.2 29.0 30.4 26.6 57.2 63.9 82.8 158.6 150.7 69.7 50.6 38.5 69.0 89.6 39.7 40.5 39.62014 82.0 38.7 78.2 91.7 34.8 30.3 30.8 26.5 60.3 62.2 79.0 180.2 136.6 69.5 50.1 39.9 68.4 88.4 38.2 40.9 40.02015 79.4 38.9 73.3 93.3 31.5 30.6 31.2 27.0 64.3 60.9 76.3 191.5 144.3 75.2 49.3 39.8 68.4 90.8 36.8 41.7 40.82016 81.4 38.1 73.5 104.6 30.8 30.0 31.0 26.4 65.1 58.8 72.8 189.9 138.2 69.3 48.7 38.9 68.6 90.5 36.9 41.2 40.42017 84.6 39.5 72.0 89.5 34.0 31.4 32.0 28.3 68.3 61.0 78.1 189.8 129.6 72.2 50.6 41.9 73.2 93.8 38.2 42.6 41.72018 87.2 40.2 71.7 89.3 36.4 32.3 32.3 29.3 66.0 59.5 79.7 190.7 123.2 72.4 51.0 43.5 75.7 95.1 39.5 43.5 42.62019 88.7 40.4 71.1 89.5 38.0 32.4 32.7 30.4 66.1 58.3 80.1 189.8 121.1 71.8 50.9 44.8 77.8 96.1 40.0 44.1 43.12020 90.4 40.4 71.2 89.8 38.7 32.6 33.2 31.2 66.3 57.7 80.5 189.2 119.5 72.8 50.9 45.8 79.7 97.4 40.6 44.6 43.6


89


40. Imports of goods and services at current prices (National accounts)



1960 : : 33.0 : : : : 21.7 : 20.8 : 18.6 : : : : 4.1 10.2 4.2

1965 : : 30.3 : : : : 21.0 : 18.8 : 18.5 : : : : 3.7 9.1 4.2

1970 : : 30.0 : : : : 22.9 : 19.8 : 20.5 : : : : 4.1 9.5 5.2

1975 : : 30.3 : : : : 26.2 : 25.0 : 23.7 : : : : 8.0 12.7 7.3

1980 : : 33.0 : 36.1 29.9 20.5 29.3 : 22.3 : 27.1 : : : : 8.3 14.6 10.3

1985 : : 35.7 : 35.1 16.2 18.4 31.8 : 24.0 : 28.3 : : : : 13.1 10.9 9.6

1990 : 38.3 30.9 : 25.0 19.4 24.2 28.4 : 22.5 : 25.9 : : : : 12.4 9.5 10.6

1991 25.4

1991 18.1 36.4 31.5 : 29.5 22.9 19.9 25.3 : 20.5 : 24.6 : : : : 11.7 8.4 10.11992 24.5 42.4 30.0 : 27.8 19.9 33.4 25.1 : 21.2 : 24.2 : : : : 12.2 7.7 10.21993 21.2 41.2 29.0 : 30.3 19.8 25.8 27.9 : 22.6 : 23.4 : : : : 13.7 7.0 10.51994 21.1 39.4 30.9 : 31.0 19.3 24.9 30.4 : 23.4 : 24.6 : : : : 14.4 7.1 11.21995 23.1 43.5 31.9 35.9 39.1 20.7 30.7 31.6 26.6 24.9 26.4 26.0 : : 31.8 15.1 17.2 7.7 11.81996 37.7 43.2 31.4 37.3 41.3 23.4 34.3 30.6 26.8 25.6 26.6 26.2 33.3 : 28.6 27.1 19.7 9.0 11.91997 37.2 44.6 33.4 44.2 46.9 27.1 35.0 33.1 28.8 24.9 28.2 27.6 35.2 : 37.8 29.9 21.5 9.5 12.31998 35.3 42.5 34.1 36.3 54.4 30.7 30.8 34.7 29.8 24.5 28.9 28.3 36.7 : 41.7 30.4 19.7 8.7 12.31999 47.7 43.3 33.3 36.5 58.2 29.9 31.3 34.9 30.6 25.1 29.6 29.1 34.2 : 38.8 18.4 18.8 8.4 13.02000 41.8 50.0 38.1 39.6 70.3 33.6 26.9 38.2 34.9 26.8 33.4 32.8 43.3 50.0 47.2 14.3 22.6 9.2 14.4

2001 44.5 50.3 38.4 42.2 66.0 30.8 29.8 37.5 34.2 27.1 32.9 32.3 45.2 60.7 42.3 37.7 22.8 9.6 13.22002 41.9 46.4 38.9 45.6 60.0 32.2 29.7 35.7 32.7 26.5 31.6 30.9 47.6 58.6 45.2 38.7 23.0 9.7 13.02003 44.9 48.1 37.0 46.3 60.2 36.0 32.0 34.9 32.4 25.9 31.3 30.4 46.2 46.0 43.4 39.6 23.4 9.9 13.42004 52.5 56.5 38.3 45.5 63.4 36.9 34.9 35.8 33.8 26.0 32.5 31.5 44.8 56.9 50.2 50.6 25.4 11.0 14.72005 57.6 59.8 41.9 45.5 64.8 35.7 34.8 38.7 35.8 27.2 34.3 33.2 47.9 59.8 51.0 45.1 24.4 12.5 15.52006 64.5 62.4 46.6 46.4 75.1 39.9 36.9 40.6 38.3 29.1 36.7 35.5 49.1 77.4 54.8 47.5 26.5 14.5 16.22007 71.2 64.0 48.6 46.2 77.3 42.1 38.8 41.2 39.4 27.1 37.3 35.8 55.0 85.7 62.0 48.3 26.1 15.6 16.52008 72.3 61.1 50.7 46.5 78.9 42.9 39.0 43.5 40.3 29.2 38.6 37.1 52.1 92.8 68.3 50.2 27.1 17.0 17.42009 50.6 54.8 42.6 38.2 70.4 38.0 32.4 38.6 34.6 28.0 33.7 32.5 49.9 65.1 54.4 39.7 23.4 12.0 13.72010 53.0 62.9 43.6 38.0 76.5 42.1 38.8 40.7 38.8 30.4 37.6 36.2 48.6 62.7 58.1 44.5 25.5 13.6 15.7

2011 58.7 67.5 47.4 40.8 80.6 44.5 42.8 41.9 41.6 31.6 40.2 38.6 52.0 64.3 66.1 45.8 30.4 15.5 17.32012 64.0 71.4 48.6 41.1 79.7 44.9 42.5 41.3 42.0 31.3 40.4 38.7 47.6 68.1 66.8 49.6 28.6 16.1 17.02013 65.3 71.1 48.2 42.3 78.7 44.4 40.7 39.3 41.6 31.4 40.0 38.4 47.0 61.4 61.5 48.1 28.1 18.2 16.52014 65.9 76.2 47.7 43.4 81.3 46.1 41.6 40.7 42.1 29.8 40.1 38.4 47.2 60.0 64.9 50.2 27.6 20.0 16.42015 64.0 75.1 48.6 45.8 80.9 46.4 41.6 40.7 42.9 28.8 40.4 38.7 44.5 60.6 65.0 52.3 26.0 18.0 15.32016 59.7 71.8 46.9 46.0 79.7 48.2 42.1 40.0 42.4 29.8 40.4 38.7 45.8 63.1 65.5 53.4 24.9 15.3 14.62017 63.7 72.2 47.4 48.8 80.7 50.2 43.7 41.7 43.9 31.3 42.0 40.1 46.6 64.5 69.2 57.1 29.3 16.8 15.02018 63.6 72.6 49.3 49.9 81.7 51.9 44.9 43.5 44.9 31.4 42.9 40.9 45.5 67.4 72.9 59.3 30.8 18.2 15.42019 63.9 72.9 50.1 51.1 82.2 52.9 45.6 44.6 45.5 31.5 43.4 41.3 46.4 68.4 76.6 61.1 29.4 18.5 15.42020 63.4 72.4 50.3 52.3 82.5 53.4 46.2 44.7 46.0 31.4 43.8 41.7 47.2 67.1 80.8 63.1 28.1 18.9 15.4


90


41. Imports of goods and services at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 8.5 9.9 : 9.8 11.3 18.5 10.5 11.4 : : : 6.1 : 9.8 8.3 11.2 : : 7.8 : 10.2

1971-1980 5.0 5.3 : 6.5 8.0 6.3 7.0 4.3 : : : 3.5 : 4.3 6.9 6.3 : : 4.2 : 5.5

1981-1990 4.0 4.0 : 5.1 5.0 8.8 4.3 4.8 : : : 5.1 : 3.7 3.9 9.6 : : 4.0 : 4.6

1991 2.9 10.9 : 2.4 5.8 10.3 3.0 1.7 : : : 9.1 : 6.3 5.1 8.4 -22.4 : -13.3 : 5.81992 4.1 3.2 : 8.2 1.1 6.8 1.8 6.4 : : : -3.1 : 2.9 2.1 11.0 -22.9 : 0.7 : 3.71993 -0.4 -6.6 : 7.5 0.6 -5.2 -3.3 -12.0 : : : 5.2 : 0.4 -5.5 -1.5 17.6 -0.4 1.4 : -4.71994 7.3 8.2 11.2 15.5 1.5 11.4 8.9 7.2 : : : 6.7 : 9.0 10.3 10.6 13.1 -4.7 12.8 : 8.71995 4.7 7.1 6.3 16.4 8.9 11.1 7.5 8.8 16.6 : : 4.2 : 10.2 5.9 9.4 11.3 11.6 8.2 : 8.01996 5.5 4.0 7.9 12.8 9.9 7.4 2.4 -0.8 5.9 26.7 29.5 4.5 -5.9 5.3 4.2 5.9 2.4 17.6 7.2 4.2 4.11997 8.2 9.1 29.4 16.6 8.4 12.9 8.0 10.0 1.0 4.5 29.2 11.4 -1.7 10.9 7.3 10.4 11.7 10.1 11.9 9.7 9.61998 5.0 9.4 13.0 27.8 18.2 14.1 11.9 8.9 1.0 16.8 6.4 13.8 2.5 8.3 5.8 14.7 10.1 -1.1 8.5 10.2 10.31999 3.3 8.8 -5.7 12.6 14.5 13.9 7.0 4.3 2.9 -5.2 -14.5 12.9 10.1 9.8 4.1 9.1 8.4 -3.6 4.3 7.8 8.02000 13.1 10.9 -5.4 21.7 20.2 9.5 15.4 10.3 9.4 2.7 6.6 13.7 10.4 11.3 10.2 5.5 6.6 6.6 14.9 12.0 12.2

1991-2000 5.3 6.4 : 13.9 8.7 9.1 6.1 4.3 : : : 7.7 : 7.4 4.9 8.3 2.6 : 5.3 : 6.5

2001 -0.7 0.8 12.4 13.1 1.0 3.5 2.4 2.1 0.3 15.6 19.7 6.6 -9.2 2.5 5.2 1.1 3.6 18.9 1.4 2.4 2.32002 0.9 -2.5 13.3 5.3 -3.4 3.6 1.9 0.7 -1.0 2.7 20.1 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.3 -0.2 5.6 5.8 4.3 0.5 0.42003 1.5 5.7 14.0 -2.4 7.4 5.9 0.9 1.5 -0.5 11.9 9.6 4.7 4.6 2.0 3.5 -0.4 6.5 8.0 4.1 3.1 3.02004 6.3 7.9 16.1 1.9 4.4 10.1 6.2 4.7 7.4 21.0 15.5 11.6 -1.2 6.4 8.0 7.6 14.0 21.6 8.1 7.1 6.82005 6.2 5.8 16.7 12.7 0.9 7.0 6.3 3.0 1.0 16.9 20.3 5.8 6.0 5.4 5.5 2.2 7.3 15.3 11.2 6.0 5.82006 4.6 11.1 20.7 9.3 13.3 8.2 5.6 7.8 5.7 21.4 14.3 12.4 18.4 7.7 5.9 7.5 12.4 19.5 6.7 8.5 8.22007 5.9 6.2 13.0 9.4 15.5 8.6 5.8 5.4 9.6 17.3 10.8 6.7 8.1 7.8 5.6 5.4 16.8 9.4 7.4 6.9 6.72008 3.6 2.2 -6.2 -2.8 1.3 -5.6 1.3 -3.7 13.0 -10.7 12.2 9.2 19.5 -0.7 1.0 2.5 3.8 3.6 7.9 0.4 0.32009 -9.1 -9.6 -30.6 -1.7 -20.4 -18.3 -9.4 -12.9 -15.3 -31.7 -28.0 -13.7 0.3 -7.8 -11.9 -9.9 -18.8 -18.8 -16.9 -11.2 -10.82010 9.6 12.9 21.2 0.4 -3.4 6.9 8.9 12.4 7.8 12.4 18.7 12.2 7.6 8.5 12.0 7.8 6.8 14.7 6.5 9.8 9.7

2001-2010 2.7 3.9 7.8 4.4 1.2 2.6 2.9 1.9 2.5 6.3 10.3 5.4 5.2 3.1 3.3 2.2 5.4 9.2 3.8 3.2 3.1

2011 7.3 7.0 27.2 2.7 -9.4 -0.8 5.8 0.5 -3.2 22.0 15.0 5.3 -0.5 3.9 6.0 -5.8 5.0 9.6 6.0 4.4 4.22012 0.1 -0.1 9.7 -0.9 -9.1 -6.4 0.2 -8.1 -4.7 5.4 6.6 4.8 5.1 2.2 0.9 -6.3 -3.7 2.5 1.6 -1.2 -1.42013 0.3 3.0 2.0 1.0 -2.4 -0.5 2.4 -2.4 -4.0 0.4 9.1 5.1 0.1 2.2 0.7 4.7 2.1 5.6 0.5 1.5 1.42014 6.2 3.7 3.3 14.6 7.7 6.6 4.9 3.2 3.6 1.2 3.1 19.5 0.3 3.3 3.0 7.8 4.1 4.8 -1.3 4.9 4.92015 3.4 5.6 -1.7 33.2 0.4 5.4 5.9 6.8 8.4 2.1 6.8 4.3 18.3 14.5 3.6 8.5 4.7 8.0 2.7 7.6 7.72016 8.5 4.1 5.5 18.5 0.3 2.9 3.0 3.6 6.6 4.4 3.8 4.5 1.6 -2.0 3.4 4.7 6.6 3.4 5.4 4.2 4.22017 4.3 4.8 3.6 -9.4 7.1 5.6 4.0 5.5 12.2 8.9 12.0 -2.2 0.6 4.9 5.1 8.1 10.3 5.3 3.8 3.9 3.72018 2.7 3.3 6.1 7.0 4.2 3.5 1.3 2.3 2.0 5.1 4.3 5.1 1.3 2.8 2.8 4.9 7.7 5.3 4.2 3.2 3.12019 2.9 2.9 3.9 4.6 5.7 2.7 2.5 2.2 3.5 2.0 4.5 1.8 3.2 1.9 2.9 4.9 6.2 5.2 2.2 2.8 2.82020 3.3 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.1 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.0 2.3 4.3 2.4 3.0 3.4 2.8 4.6 7.2 5.0 3.2 3.3 3.3

2011-2020 3.9 3.7 6.1 7.0 0.7 2.1 3.3 1.6 2.6 5.2 6.9 4.9 3.2 3.6 3.1 3.5 5.0 5.5 2.8 3.4 3.4


91


41. Imports of goods and services at 2010 reference levels



1961-1970 : : 8.3 : : : : 7.2 : 4.2 : 8.8 : : : : 7.0 14.5 7.5

1971-1980 : : 3.0 : : : : 2.4 : 3.7 : 5.0 : : : : 8.3 5.4 3.8

1981-1990 : : 4.0 : : : : 3.9 : 5.6 : 4.7 : : : : 9.9 6.1 6.9

1991 : -31.8 4.0 : : 29.7 -31.8 -4.9 : -4.3 : 3.9 : : : : -5.2 -1.1 -0.21992 : 26.0 -0.1 : 0.7 1.8 1.3 1.6 : 6.8 : 4.0 : : : : 10.9 -1.1 7.01993 : 18.8 -1.4 : 20.0 13.1 4.4 -2.7 : 3.3 : -3.5 : : : : 35.8 -1.3 8.61994 : 9.5 13.3 : 8.8 11.3 -1.2 12.9 : 6.0 : 8.5 : : : : -21.9 8.2 11.91995 : 20.1 6.8 : 22.3 24.2 29.7 7.1 : 5.6 : 7.6 : : : : 29.6 12.9 8.01996 -1.3 11.8 3.1 10.1 7.1 27.2 9.0 3.4 4.6 9.5 5.2 4.8 : : -8.6 86.1 20.5 11.0 8.71997 -0.4 5.8 9.2 29.1 24.0 21.3 10.5 12.4 10.1 9.3 10.0 9.7 -8.7 : 26.4 33.3 22.4 0.3 13.51998 -2.2 5.5 7.6 -10.8 22.6 18.6 11.5 11.3 10.3 8.6 10.0 10.0 19.0 : 7.4 -1.7 2.3 -6.7 11.71999 16.5 4.8 2.5 -3.2 13.3 1.1 -4.3 5.1 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.7 15.4 : 0.1 -35.4 -3.6 3.6 11.32000 -9.7 14.5 13.7 7.0 23.1 15.5 -8.2 11.7 12.1 9.8 11.8 11.8 49.5 : 26.8 14.7 22.0 9.3 12.9

1991-2000 : 7.2 5.8 : : 16.0 0.9 5.6 : 6.1 : 6.4 : : : : 9.9 3.3 9.3

2001 12.6 11.2 2.4 11.8 5.8 -5.3 23.5 -1.7 2.4 4.8 2.7 2.5 15.2 : -9.7 78.2 -24.1 1.0 -2.82002 6.3 4.8 6.4 18.2 8.7 2.8 10.7 -1.3 1.0 5.7 1.7 1.3 9.8 : 8.5 20.4 21.0 0.7 3.62003 15.2 8.6 -1.0 11.7 9.5 9.6 18.4 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.0 5.1 : -5.9 18.0 23.2 3.4 4.92004 26.2 26.1 7.2 5.2 17.3 8.1 24.9 6.6 7.7 6.8 7.5 6.8 8.2 : 21.4 29.8 21.2 8.1 11.42005 14.3 12.8 11.4 5.2 7.8 6.3 19.7 7.0 6.4 7.2 6.5 6.2 16.2 : 9.7 -2.2 12.1 6.1 6.52006 15.9 11.5 14.0 8.3 15.5 18.1 26.7 8.2 9.2 9.8 9.3 8.6 8.7 : 9.4 19.0 7.3 4.7 6.62007 22.6 12.9 5.8 6.1 13.9 15.8 41.3 7.6 7.8 -2.3 6.4 5.3 19.4 43.8 15.0 21.4 9.6 2.2 2.52008 4.9 3.2 4.8 4.0 6.0 9.5 11.2 3.8 1.3 -1.8 0.9 0.2 3.6 17.4 5.1 10.1 -2.8 0.7 -2.22009 -21.5 -11.0 -11.9 -20.4 -14.7 -12.4 -20.8 -14.1 -11.7 -8.6 -11.3 -10.7 -1.1 -27.8 -12.3 -21.9 -14.3 -15.7 -13.12010 -0.9 14.7 0.5 -2.5 10.2 14.3 12.6 12.8 9.8 8.1 9.6 9.3 -0.6 -3.1 10.4 -0.1 19.5 11.2 13.1

2001-2010 8.7 9.1 3.7 4.2 7.6 6.3 15.7 3.0 3.6 3.1 3.5 3.1 8.3 : 4.6 14.8 6.0 2.0 2.8

2011 9.9 6.7 7.4 2.5 4.4 5.8 10.1 7.3 4.8 0.7 4.3 3.9 6.2 0.3 8.0 7.2 15.4 5.8 5.62012 5.5 2.7 2.7 -3.0 -3.5 -0.3 -1.8 0.5 -1.0 3.0 -0.5 -0.7 -6.7 0.6 8.2 -0.6 0.7 5.4 2.72013 4.3 0.1 1.5 3.1 4.5 1.7 8.8 -0.1 1.6 3.2 1.8 1.6 -0.6 -3.1 2.2 6.5 8.0 3.3 1.52014 5.2 10.1 3.9 3.1 11.0 10.0 8.7 6.3 5.4 3.8 5.2 4.8 4.3 1.6 14.1 5.1 -0.4 8.3 5.12015 5.4 6.8 4.6 9.2 5.8 6.6 8.0 5.2 7.4 5.5 7.2 7.2 -2.9 4.4 9.9 4.0 1.7 0.8 5.52016 4.5 2.8 4.2 6.2 3.9 7.6 16.5 4.3 4.4 3.3 4.3 4.0 6.9 15.3 11.1 6.7 3.7 -1.6 1.92017 7.5 5.9 3.6 8.1 7.7 10.0 11.3 4.8 4.4 3.5 4.3 3.7 8.1 8.4 6.4 11.1 10.3 3.4 4.62018 3.7 6.0 2.7 5.5 7.1 7.1 9.1 2.9 3.5 0.7 3.2 2.7 3.9 9.3 9.0 11.1 -7.9 3.3 4.52019 5.0 4.2 2.2 5.3 6.8 5.7 6.9 1.9 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.7 4.4 3.7 8.2 8.1 -7.8 1.7 3.32020 3.3 3.5 2.5 5.0 5.1 5.3 4.9 2.2 3.4 2.5 3.3 3.1 5.1 1.9 9.1 8.7 8.4 1.6 2.8

2011-2020 5.4 4.8 3.5 4.4 5.2 5.9 8.2 3.5 3.7 2.9 3.6 3.3 2.8 4.1 8.6 6.7 3.0 3.2 3.7


92


42. Intra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 18.5 5.3 : 20.1 7.3 2.3 3.5 4.4 : : : : 18.4 : : 8.1 : : :

1965 23.6 7.9 : 24.1 8.6 6.2 5.0 4.6 : : : : 21.9 : 14.3 9.7 : : 11.8

1970 28.6 8.9 : 26.6 8.5 5.1 7.5 6.8 : : : : 23.5 : 15.8 11.1 : : 14.4

1975 32.6 9.7 : 29.0 9.2 5.4 8.2 8.1 : : : : 20.8 : 15.5 9.0 : : 14.4

1980 37.1 12.0 : 37.9 8.3 4.9 10.0 10.4 : : : : 22.8 : 19.4 13.6 : : 13.9

1985 46.7 13.8 : 31.9 10.8 6.6 11.3 10.2 : : : : 27.8 : 19.2 13.6 : : 12.1

1990 44.9 12.9 : 30.7 13.7 9.8 13.0 9.5 : : : : 27.1 : 22.3 22.3 : : 12.8

1991 44.3 12.9 : 29.9 13.0 9.8 13.1 9.1 : : : : 26.1 : 21.9 22.0 : : 11.21992 41.6 12.0 : 28.9 13.6 9.7 12.6 9.0 : : : : 25.4 : 20.9 21.5 : : 12.81993 36.6 9.8 : 27.3 12.8 9.6 11.0 8.3 : : : : 23.0 : 18.9 19.1 : : 13.21994 37.2 10.2 : 29.5 12.5 11.1 12.0 9.4 : : : : 24.4 : 19.8 19.9 : : 13.91995 39.2 10.8 : 30.2 13.3 12.7 12.4 10.7 : : : : 21.5 : 20.9 20.3 : : 14.31996 42.1 11.1 : 30.1 12.5 13.1 12.5 9.7 : : : : 26.1 : 21.5 21.9 : : 15.51997 44.3 11.9 : 29.2 12.2 12.9 12.9 10.3 : : : : 26.8 : 22.7 22.8 : : 16.01998 46.0 12.4 : 29.5 13.7 15.6 13.8 10.7 : : : : 25.9 : 23.4 24.2 : : 16.11999 45.8 14.3 43.9 29.8 14.3 14.9 14.5 11.7 16.8 29.8 25.5 41.6 26.4 46.0 27.1 24.7 36.6 40.7 16.42000 52.7 16.1 52.8 32.3 16.5 17.7 16.7 12.8 18.4 29.9 24.9 44.4 27.9 51.0 29.6 25.7 40.8 43.5 18.3

2001 54.0 16.1 45.7 31.0 15.6 17.0 16.1 12.6 19.0 31.8 27.1 47.2 26.1 40.3 30.6 24.9 39.7 49.8 17.52002 55.6 15.4 45.0 27.3 14.6 16.1 15.1 12.3 18.6 32.7 29.8 44.4 25.5 40.3 29.7 23.8 37.5 48.7 17.12003 54.1 15.9 42.6 20.6 14.4 15.9 15.2 12.1 16.8 33.4 28.7 42.3 25.1 40.6 31.3 22.7 37.3 49.4 16.92004 56.0 16.7 50.9 21.0 14.9 16.4 15.5 12.4 22.1 37.0 34.7 43.8 25.8 44.0 33.2 22.4 44.1 54.6 17.62005 59.3 17.5 55.8 21.6 14.4 16.0 15.5 12.4 23.4 38.4 35.4 43.8 26.3 44.1 32.6 25.1 46.7 55.2 19.22006 61.3 19.3 59.0 21.6 14.6 16.0 16.2 13.2 23.3 40.8 40.2 45.1 27.7 45.0 32.8 26.1 50.2 59.3 20.52007 61.5 19.8 55.4 21.7 15.5 16.6 16.5 13.5 24.7 38.2 41.9 40.5 28.5 45.0 33.5 26.2 51.4 58.8 20.52008 62.6 20.0 52.7 21.3 15.2 15.2 16.7 12.9 25.9 34.0 37.2 42.8 29.4 44.9 33.6 26.8 50.0 55.7 20.02009 51.3 17.5 41.3 17.3 12.8 12.1 14.5 11.0 21.8 28.3 28.8 35.1 25.0 39.2 27.9 23.0 39.7 46.7 15.72010 55.9 19.5 50.3 18.7 12.1 13.5 15.8 12.6 23.6 37.7 35.7 37.4 28.4 40.6 31.6 24.9 45.5 52.3 17.8

2011 59.9 21.2 57.5 20.3 12.2 14.4 16.9 13.3 21.9 45.0 41.4 39.2 30.6 48.8 34.3 24.8 49.9 59.6 18.92012 59.6 20.7 61.1 20.1 11.9 13.7 16.9 12.6 20.2 47.5 43.0 37.1 31.8 55.2 33.4 23.9 49.8 61.1 18.72013 57.6 20.3 60.3 20.7 12.3 13.8 16.5 12.5 18.5 47.1 45.2 34.1 31.1 43.0 32.6 24.1 48.6 61.7 19.02014 55.4 20.2 56.1 21.2 13.0 14.9 16.2 12.6 22.0 45.3 46.4 32.3 30.3 37.8 31.6 25.5 47.0 61.7 19.22015 51.7 20.4 51.8 17.5 13.0 15.8 16.2 13.2 22.7 42.6 45.9 29.4 30.7 37.7 31.4 25.7 48.4 65.8 18.92016 51.5 20.0 51.0 17.6 13.7 15.5 16.1 13.2 25.3 41.4 45.1 28.6 30.0 31.3 31.2 25.6 48.5 67.3 18.62017 53.2 20.8 50.7 18.4 14.5 16.0 16.6 14.0 25.2 43.3 47.7 30.4 31.7 28.3 32.5 27.3 51.5 69.3 20.02018 54.5 21.3 48.4 18.2 15.4 15.9 16.7 14.2 25.3 41.3 46.8 30.2 32.3 31.4 32.9 28.2 52.3 70.7 19.92019 55.6 21.4 48.0 18.2 16.7 15.8 16.9 14.8 24.7 40.3 46.4 30.4 32.0 31.1 32.8 28.8 52.3 71.4 19.72020 56.8 21.3 48.1 18.1 17.1 15.7 17.2 15.2 24.5 39.6 46.0 30.5 32.0 30.7 32.9 29.5 52.8 72.3 19.5


93


42. Intra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 : : 15.4 : : : : : 3.8 :

1965 : : 17.2 : : : : 11.4 5.0 : 8.0

1970 : : 17.8 : : : : 12.2 5.7 : 9.6

1975 : : 16.8 : : : : 13.9 9.4 : 10.9

1980 : : 18.3 : : : : 14.3 9.4 : 12.5

1985 : : 18.9 : : : : 16.2 11.0 : 13.8

1990 : : 16.2 : : : : 13.9 10.5 : 13.8

1991 : : 16.4 : : : : 12.1 9.2 : 13.31992 : : 15.9 : : : : 11.8 9.6 : 13.01993 : : 15.1 : : : : 13.4 9.7 : 11.91994 : : 16.2 : : : : 15.0 10.3 : 12.81995 : : 17.8 : : : : 16.9 10.9 : 13.51996 : : 17.0 : : : : 15.9 11.1 : 13.81997 : : 18.2 : : : : 16.8 10.6 : 14.21998 : : 18.6 : : : : 17.7 10.4 : 14.81999 22.2 33.7 18.9 : 40.9 19.5 20.0 18.0 10.7 : 15.82000 26.2 39.0 20.0 : 45.0 19.7 22.9 19.1 10.9 : 17.4

2001 29.4 40.2 20.0 : 41.3 18.4 25.8 18.4 11.3 : 17.22002 28.1 35.9 21.0 28.5 36.2 19.4 26.5 17.9 11.7 17.4 16.82003 29.9 37.1 19.3 29.9 36.2 21.9 28.3 18.1 11.1 17.4 16.62004 31.8 47.1 19.2 28.4 39.9 26.4 28.7 19.0 11.0 18.1 17.12005 32.9 45.7 20.3 27.8 41.2 25.0 26.0 20.2 11.5 18.6 17.62006 34.8 48.3 21.8 28.6 47.8 26.9 26.6 21.1 12.8 19.8 18.62007 39.6 50.0 22.3 27.8 47.6 28.3 28.7 22.3 11.1 20.1 18.72008 38.4 46.1 22.1 27.7 47.0 27.9 27.2 22.5 11.6 20.4 19.02009 27.2 39.6 18.0 21.1 40.8 24.6 22.8 18.8 10.7 17.4 16.32010 29.5 45.7 18.0 20.2 45.8 26.3 27.1 20.4 11.8 19.4 18.1

2011 33.7 49.7 19.5 22.5 50.7 27.9 30.3 21.4 12.4 20.9 19.42012 35.7 51.4 19.7 23.0 52.6 26.9 30.2 20.3 12.3 20.6 19.02013 36.8 52.9 19.9 25.3 53.1 27.3 29.1 19.1 12.4 20.4 18.82014 37.6 57.4 19.6 30.1 56.3 28.5 29.3 19.4 12.0 20.3 18.62015 37.4 58.5 19.6 32.3 57.3 29.1 30.3 19.4 11.6 20.2 18.42016 36.1 57.7 19.5 32.6 57.9 30.6 30.5 19.6 12.1 20.4 18.52017 37.4 58.8 19.7 34.9 58.4 31.7 30.5 20.4 12.6 21.3 19.42018 37.0 57.6 20.4 35.9 58.5 31.5 30.5 21.5 12.6 21.7 19.72019 36.8 57.1 20.7 36.8 59.3 32.3 30.8 22.0 12.6 21.9 19.92020 35.8 55.9 20.8 37.7 59.5 32.5 31.4 21.9 12.4 22.0 19.9


94


43. Extra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 14.0 8.1 : 11.2 8.8 3.3 6.4 7.4 : : : : 15.4 : : 7.4 : :

1965 11.5 6.7 : 9.7 6.1 5.5 5.1 6.1 : : : : 10.9 : 6.4 7.7 : : 7.2

1970 13.0 6.6 : 8.7 6.4 6.3 5.4 6.5 : : : : 11.6 : 7.2 7.8 : : 9.0

1975 13.5 7.2 : 10.3 9.5 8.5 6.8 8.9 : : : : 14.7 : 7.8 9.4 : : 11.4

1980 19.1 9.9 : 12.6 10.4 9.7 9.2 10.6 : : : : 17.1 : 10.3 14.6 : : 15.0

1985 17.6 10.2 : 14.2 10.4 10.0 8.1 10.0 : : : : 17.1 : 10.8 14.6 : : 11.4

1990 12.8 8.7 : 11.4 6.5 6.6 5.4 5.9 : : : : 11.6 : 7.3 9.3 : : 6.2

1991 12.5 7.9 : 11.6 7.4 7.0 5.1 5.6 : : : : 12.1 : 7.3 7.8 : : 5.81992 11.0 7.2 : 11.1 6.0 6.1 4.6 5.1 : : : : 10.3 : 6.8 6.9 : : 5.91993 13.6 6.8 : 14.1 5.8 6.0 4.3 5.6 : : : : 9.1 : 6.3 6.6 : : 7.11994 16.4 7.0 : 14.5 5.2 6.3 4.8 5.9 : : : : 10.0 : 7.2 7.2 : : 8.41995 15.4 6.8 : 15.9 5.6 5.7 5.5 6.8 : : : : 14.1 : 6.6 6.8 : : 6.81996 14.9 6.9 : 14.5 6.8 5.7 5.6 6.1 : : : : 15.9 : 7.4 6.6 : : 7.31997 21.1 8.2 : 16.4 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.6 : : : : 18.9 : 8.2 7.1 : : 8.91998 20.3 8.6 : 18.4 7.2 6.5 6.6 6.5 : : : : 18.7 : 8.4 6.8 : : 8.41999 17.5 7.3 16.0 17.6 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.0 11.7 9.5 16.8 8.9 19.7 23.6 5.7 6.6 8.1 13.8 7.32000 21.7 9.3 22.0 18.7 8.9 8.4 8.1 8.1 13.0 10.3 20.5 8.5 24.4 33.1 7.1 7.9 9.4 18.3 9.0

2001 21.0 8.8 23.1 15.3 8.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 13.2 10.0 22.4 10.7 22.3 22.0 7.2 7.6 9.1 19.2 7.72002 20.7 8.0 20.3 13.4 9.0 7.2 6.9 7.1 13.7 9.5 22.6 8.9 20.7 18.8 6.8 6.0 8.7 17.9 7.32003 19.4 8.1 23.0 12.2 9.4 7.0 6.4 6.9 11.0 10.8 22.4 12.3 20.6 18.9 6.7 5.9 9.2 16.9 7.92004 20.9 8.7 18.1 10.9 8.5 7.7 6.7 7.4 9.7 11.9 19.9 13.9 22.7 16.1 6.6 6.6 7.3 14.6 8.52005 22.9 9.6 17.3 10.8 8.9 8.9 7.4 8.3 10.4 12.6 24.1 16.6 26.8 14.0 7.6 7.3 9.2 15.6 9.62006 24.5 10.9 20.2 9.9 10.0 9.9 7.2 9.6 10.6 12.5 23.8 18.8 29.1 18.7 8.0 7.8 10.8 19.4 11.52007 25.6 10.8 15.0 9.3 11.1 9.7 7.2 9.7 11.0 11.1 19.4 14.5 29.5 15.8 8.4 8.0 14.2 19.9 11.52008 26.9 11.4 13.3 9.1 11.9 10.4 7.8 10.5 12.2 11.0 27.4 14.5 31.7 13.9 9.1 9.0 16.3 20.4 12.22009 21.6 9.5 10.1 9.1 9.6 7.3 6.4 8.0 8.3 9.2 19.9 14.0 25.9 13.1 7.7 6.3 13.0 15.6 8.42010 25.0 11.3 12.7 9.7 10.9 9.3 7.3 10.3 9.9 11.8 27.3 9.2 32.1 17.3 8.9 7.7 17.2 20.3 9.9

2011 28.6 12.2 17.7 10.3 11.5 10.9 8.2 11.2 9.7 12.9 31.6 8.9 35.0 17.3 10.0 9.0 19.3 21.7 11.82012 28.6 11.9 17.4 11.2 14.0 11.6 8.3 11.0 9.0 13.3 31.6 11.1 38.2 16.4 10.3 9.5 19.3 21.8 11.12013 29.1 11.1 13.2 10.0 13.7 11.2 7.8 10.0 7.7 11.8 29.7 9.1 36.1 17.5 10.0 9.4 20.8 21.3 9.72014 29.9 10.7 12.5 10.5 14.0 11.1 7.5 9.4 12.1 10.9 24.4 8.1 35.8 22.5 9.5 8.6 21.0 19.4 9.02015 30.7 10.7 11.7 9.0 11.6 10.2 7.2 9.3 13.0 11.1 21.9 11.3 36.2 18.7 9.5 7.9 20.8 17.8 7.02016 29.2 10.2 11.4 9.3 11.3 9.6 6.9 8.5 12.9 10.0 18.4 8.4 34.0 24.6 8.8 7.3 19.9 16.7 6.92017 29.3 10.6 11.9 9.7 13.4 10.8 7.3 9.3 16.3 11.8 19.8 6.2 37.3 17.2 9.5 8.4 22.7 17.5 7.92018 30.1 10.8 14.8 10.0 14.5 11.3 7.5 9.9 18.8 14.0 21.8 4.2 38.4 12.1 9.5 9.0 25.5 17.7 8.52019 30.4 10.8 14.7 10.2 14.5 11.2 7.6 10.2 19.7 13.9 22.5 3.6 38.4 12.0 9.4 9.4 27.8 17.9 9.02020 30.9 10.7 14.8 10.5 14.5 11.4 7.7 10.6 20.3 13.9 23.3 3.3 39.3 12.0 9.3 9.6 29.4 18.1 9.5


95


43. Extra EU imports of goods 1)Foreign trade statistics



1960 : : 12.8 : : : : : 13.1 :

1965 : : 8.7 : : : : 6.6 10.4 : 7.4

1970 : : 8.0 : : : : 6.8 10.4 : 7.5

1975 : : 8.8 : : : : 8.5 11.8 : 9.0

1980 : : 9.0 : : : : 9.9 9.7 : 10.6

1985 : : 9.9 : : : : 9.0 9.3 : 10.2

1990 : : 6.4 : : : : 6.9 8.2 : 7.4

1991 : : 6.5 : : : : 6.2 7.6 : 7.11992 : : 7.1 : : : : 5.8 7.7 : 6.61993 : : 5.5 : : : : 6.7 8.2 : 6.61994 : : 5.4 : : : : 7.7 8.0 : 7.01995 : : 5.5 : : : : 6.1 8.6 : 7.41996 : : 5.5 : : : : 5.6 8.8 : 7.41997 : : 7.7 : : : : 8.0 9.2 : 8.71998 : : 7.8 : : : : 7.9 9.1 : 8.71999 18.2 10.3 6.8 : 16.0 7.5 9.0 7.3 8.8 : 8.22000 23.2 12.8 7.7 : 22.9 8.8 12.2 8.8 10.2 : 10.1

2001 22.1 13.6 7.5 : 21.2 8.0 12.7 7.9 9.8 : 9.62002 20.4 13.5 7.1 11.2 19.3 8.4 12.3 7.3 8.7 9.0 8.82003 21.6 14.8 7.0 11.1 19.8 9.5 13.2 7.0 8.4 8.8 8.62004 23.7 11.5 7.9 11.5 18.2 8.6 14.8 7.3 8.6 9.2 9.02005 19.5 10.4 8.3 13.1 17.6 8.2 15.1 8.5 9.0 10.2 10.12006 21.9 11.6 8.4 14.0 20.1 9.9 15.3 9.2 9.9 11.2 11.02007 27.7 12.3 8.3 15.2 20.6 10.3 11.5 9.0 9.6 11.2 10.92008 29.0 13.8 8.7 15.7 21.5 10.9 11.8 10.0 11.0 12.1 11.92009 18.0 11.1 7.7 12.5 18.4 9.2 8.3 8.9 10.9 10.0 9.92010 20.8 15.3 7.8 13.3 21.5 10.8 10.2 10.0 12.3 11.9 11.7

2011 23.0 16.9 8.2 13.9 22.0 11.9 11.3 10.0 13.3 13.1 12.92012 25.0 16.8 8.3 13.8 21.8 12.8 10.8 9.9 13.6 13.3 13.12013 24.9 16.0 8.4 12.5 20.9 12.3 9.3 8.6 11.5 12.4 12.22014 23.4 16.8 8.6 9.4 18.6 12.4 9.6 8.8 10.7 12.0 11.82015 20.7 17.2 8.6 9.2 17.5 12.1 9.0 8.3 10.0 11.6 11.42016 18.2 15.6 7.9 9.8 16.6 11.7 9.0 8.0 11.8 11.4 11.22017 21.1 16.5 8.5 10.0 18.3 12.5 9.8 8.3 11.7 12.1 11.92018 21.2 17.8 8.8 10.6 19.7 13.9 10.3 9.3 11.2 12.5 12.22019 21.7 18.6 8.9 10.8 19.9 14.1 10.8 9.6 11.2 12.6 12.32020 22.3 19.3 9.0 11.0 20.0 14.3 10.7 9.6 11.1 12.7 12.4


96


44. Balance on current transactions with the rest of the world (National accounts)



1960 0.2 1.6 : -0.1 -0.4 3.8 1.9 0.8 : : : : : 3.0 -1.1 -2.5 : : -0.9 : :

1965 1.0 -1.3 : -4.4 -4.6 -3.8 0.9 3.3 : : : : : 0.1 -0.5 -3.4 : : -2.3 : :

1970 2.9 1.1 : -4.0 -1.8 0.2 -0.1 0.7 : : : : : 1.2 0.6 -1.9 : : -2.4 : :

1975 0.0 1.2 : -1.5 0.5 -2.9 0.1 -0.1 : : : : : 3.9 -0.1 -5.8 : : -7.5 : :

1980 -4.0 -1.8 : -11.7 1.9 -2.5 -2.0 -2.2 : : : : : 0.1 -4.5 -8.6 : : -3.0 : :

1985 0.4 2.8 : -3.8 -3.2 1.2 -1.7 -0.9 : : : : : 3.4 -1.1 -4.3 : : -1.5 : :

1990 1.5 3.7 : -1.8 -2.9 -3.8 -1.6 -1.5 : 0.1 : : : 2.5 -0.8 -5.9 2.4 : -5.0 : :

1991 0.4

1991 2.0 -1.5 : -0.4 -2.1 -3.7 -1.5 -1.9 : : : : : 3.0 -2.2 -7.5 8.5 : -5.4 : : 1992 2.7 -1.2 : 0.4 -0.2 -3.7 -0.3 -2.3 : 12.7 : : : 2.3 -2.5 -6.9 7.3 : -4.7 : : 1993 4.4 -0.9 1.2 3.7 -0.8 -1.2 0.8 0.8 : 17.8 -3.1 : : 4.4 -1.4 -5.5 2.2 -4.1 -1.4 : : 1994 5.6 -1.5 -6.8 2.9 1.3 -1.6 0.4 1.2 : 5.0 : : : 5.3 -2.9 -7.2 3.9 5.3 0.9 : : 1995 4.5 -1.2 -6.2 2.6 -3.4 -1.2 0.6 1.9 -5.5 -2.8 -9.2 10.7 -10.3 6.2 -2.6 -3.3 -1.9 2.4 3.8 0.4 0.41996 3.8 -0.7 -9.2 2.9 -5.2 -0.8 1.3 2.8 -4.9 -6.8 -8.6 10.6 -11.1 5.8 -2.8 -4.6 -1.4 -9.4 3.6 0.8 0.81997 4.6 -0.5 -12.0 2.8 -3.5 -0.5 2.8 2.6 -6.5 -7.1 -9.7 8.8 -5.9 5.4 -2.5 -6.3 -1.3 -9.0 4.8 1.2 1.21998 4.4 -0.7 -9.7 0.6 -6.7 -1.3 2.7 1.7 5.9 -9.7 -11.5 8.8 -5.8 4.1 -2.0 -7.7 -2.1 -9.3 4.9 0.7 0.71999 4.8 -1.4 -5.2 0.0 -6.5 -3.0 2.9 0.8 -2.1 -9.5 -10.7 5.5 -3.3 5.2 -2.4 -8.8 -4.7 -4.0 6.8 0.3 0.32000 4.0 -1.7 -5.5 0.6 -9.0 -4.1 1.4 -0.3 -4.4 -5.7 -5.8 6.6 -12.0 6.3 -0.7 -11.0 -4.1 -2.6 7.5 -0.4 -0.3

2001 4.1 -0.3 -7.4 0.2 -9.3 -4.1 1.8 0.1 -2.1 -8.3 -4.7 8.1 -3.6 4.3 -0.8 -10.2 -1.3 -7.1 8.1 0.1 0.12002 6.0 1.9 -11.7 0.2 -8.8 -3.8 1.6 -0.5 -3.0 -7.2 -5.2 7.6 2.3 4.9 2.1 -8.8 0.0 -7.5 8.1 0.8 0.92003 5.6 1.4 -12.5 0.5 -11.0 -3.9 1.3 -0.8 -1.6 -8.5 -6.8 3.2 -2.9 6.1 1.5 -7.4 -1.5 -6.4 4.8 0.4 0.52004 4.5 4.5 -11.5 -0.1 -8.7 -5.6 0.9 -0.5 -5.0 -12.9 -7.4 7.1 -4.5 6.6 1.9 -8.8 -3.2 -6.7 5.8 1.1 1.22005 3.4 4.6 -7.9 -3.5 -9.5 -7.6 0.2 -0.9 -5.5 -12.5 -7.0 9.3 -8.0 5.2 2.0 -10.2 -2.3 -8.6 3.2 0.3 0.42006 3.7 5.8 -15.6 -5.4 -12.3 -9.0 0.0 -1.5 -7.7 -21.4 -10.2 1.4 -9.1 7.4 2.8 -10.7 -2.0 -8.3 4.0 0.3 0.52007 4.0 6.8 -15.4 -6.5 -15.6 -9.6 -0.5 -1.4 -11.1 -21.1 -14.9 9.1 -3.0 5.3 3.3 -10.0 -4.3 -5.6 4.1 0.2 0.42008 1.4 5.6 -8.8 -6.2 -15.8 -9.2 -0.7 -2.8 -15.1 -12.7 -13.2 5.6 -2.3 4.3 4.2 -12.6 -5.4 -6.6 2.7 -0.6 -0.42009 0.9 5.9 2.5 -4.7 -12.5 -4.3 -0.4 -1.9 -11.3 7.9 2.1 -2.1 -8.5 5.6 2.4 -10.1 -0.9 -3.4 2.0 0.5 0.62010 3.7 5.7 1.7 -1.2 -11.3 -3.9 -0.8 -3.4 -11.3 2.1 -0.3 5.0 -6.3 7.0 3.3 -10.3 -0.8 -4.7 1.4 0.6 0.7

2011 0.2 6.2 1.5 -1.6 -10.3 -3.3 -1.2 -3.0 -4.1 -3.1 -3.8 1.1 -2.0 8.6 2.2 -5.5 -0.4 -5.5 -1.5 0.8 0.92012 1.5 7.1 -1.9 -3.4 -4.2 -0.4 -1.2 -0.4 -5.9 -3.5 -0.9 -0.3 -0.4 10.2 1.9 -2.0 1.7 0.4 -1.9 2.2 2.32013 1.2 6.7 0.5 1.5 -2.2 1.5 -1.0 1.0 -4.9 -2.4 1.4 -1.4 0.1 10.1 1.9 0.7 3.2 1.5 -1.9 2.7 2.82014 -0.3 7.6 0.8 1.1 -2.1 1.0 -1.2 1.9 -4.4 -1.7 4.0 -1.0 5.8 9.5 2.5 -0.3 5.8 1.0 -1.3 3.0 3.12015 -0.8 8.9 1.8 4.4 -0.3 1.1 -0.4 1.3 -1.4 -0.5 -2.0 2.0 2.8 6.3 1.9 -0.9 4.5 -2.3 -0.7 3.3 3.42016 -0.4 8.7 1.8 -4.2 -1.2 2.2 -0.8 2.5 -5.1 1.6 -0.7 2.6 3.8 8.1 2.6 0.1 5.4 -1.2 -0.8 3.5 3.52017 0.9 8.2 3.2 8.5 -1.1 1.9 -0.6 2.5 -8.4 0.7 0.9 4.8 10.4 10.5 2.1 0.2 7.1 -0.2 -0.3 3.9 4.02018 0.2 7.6 1.5 9.1 -1.4 0.9 -0.6 2.4 -6.5 -0.5 0.0 4.8 11.2 11.0 2.5 -0.9 7.3 -1.1 -1.9 3.6 3.72019 0.2 6.8 1.4 8.5 -1.0 0.9 -0.6 2.5 -8.0 -0.2 -0.1 4.6 9.8 10.1 2.4 -1.0 6.7 -0.5 -1.5 3.3 3.42020 0.0 6.5 1.4 7.9 -0.8 0.9 -0.6 2.5 -9.4 -0.2 -0.4 4.7 9.5 9.5 2.6 -1.1 6.1 -0.1 -1.4 3.2 3.2


97


44. Balance on current transactions with the rest of the world (National accounts)



1960 : : -1.1 : : : : 0.3 : -0.8 : : : : : : -1.3 0.5 0.8

1965 : : -1.8 : : : : -0.1 : -0.1 : : : : : : -0.8 1.1 0.7

1970 : : -3.4 : : : : -0.1 : 1.5 : : : : : : 0.0 1.0 -0.1

1975 : : -1.6 : : : : 0.1 : -1.5 : : : : : : -2.6 -0.1 0.4

1980 : : -3.3 : : : : -2.2 : 0.7 : : : : : : -3.6 -1.1 -1.3

1985 : : -4.3 : : : : 0.0 : -0.1 : : : : : : -1.1 3.7 -3.9

1990 : : 0.7 : : : : -1.3 : -3.1 : : : : : : -1.3 1.5 -2.9

1991

1991 -4.3 : 0.8 : : -3.8 : -0.7 : -1.3 : : : : : : 0.1 2.0 -1.41992 -7.4 : 2.1 : : 0.3 : -1.9 : -1.5 : : : : : : -0.4 3.0 -2.51993 -9.4 0.9 2.9 : -8.0 0.2 : -0.7 : -1.3 : : : : : : -2.6 3.0 -3.41994 -2.4 -1.3 1.5 : -7.0 2.3 : 1.5 : -0.5 : : : : : : 1.5 2.7 -3.51995 9.0 -3.3 0.7 -4.2 -3.1 1.5 -4.9 3.5 0.4 -0.7 0.3 0.3 : : -6.7 : -1.0 2.0 -2.61996 0.9 -5.9 1.3 -2.1 -3.4 -0.9 -7.2 3.6 0.7 -0.6 0.5 0.7 -7.9 : -7.7 : -1.0 1.4 -2.11997 10.6 -5.4 0.6 -9.3 -4.0 -3.2 -6.2 4.2 1.0 0.0 0.8 1.1 -13.0 : -7.7 : -1.0 2.2 -1.71998 5.6 -1.6 -0.7 -4.7 -6.5 -3.7 -7.2 4.4 0.5 -0.5 0.4 0.6 -6.9 : -7.8 : 0.7 2.8 -1.71999 -3.6 -2.1 2.2 -5.4 -7.6 -5.0 -4.1 4.7 0.2 -2.5 -0.2 0.0 -1.9 : -1.8 : -0.4 2.5 -2.52000 -5.5 -3.7 1.6 -0.9 -7.9 -5.5 -3.9 4.7 -0.4 -2.4 -0.8 -0.6 -7.1 : -2.7 : -3.6 2.7 -2.9

2001 -5.6 -4.0 3.2 -1.1 -5.6 -2.5 -5.6 5.1 0.1 -2.2 -0.3 -0.1 -6.3 : -6.3 -0.9 1.8 2.0 -2.62002 -2.5 -4.7 3.0 -5.6 -6.8 -2.2 -1.1 5.5 0.8 -2.3 0.2 0.4 -10.2 : -9.4 -6.6 -0.3 2.7 -3.42003 -5.3 -4.4 3.5 -6.7 -8.2 -1.8 -6.1 6.7 0.5 -1.9 0.0 0.3 -7.7 : -3.9 -6.3 -2.4 3.1 -4.42004 -6.4 -3.9 3.2 -4.1 -9.6 -6.1 -8.4 6.7 0.9 -2.3 0.3 0.7 -5.8 : -7.9 -12.6 -3.5 3.8 -4.92005 -11.4 -2.7 4.2 -5.2 -8.7 -3.2 -8.7 7.0 0.3 -2.0 -0.1 0.2 -9.1 -16.6 -2.4 -5.8 -4.2 3.6 -5.22006 -17.2 -3.8 3.3 -6.5 -7.4 -4.0 -10.5 8.6 0.2 -3.0 -0.3 0.1 -6.1 -31.0 -0.4 -9.3 -5.7 3.9 -4.32007 -23.8 -4.7 1.4 -7.0 -7.2 -6.7 -13.6 8.5 -0.1 -3.6 -0.7 -0.1 -10.7 -39.4 -6.9 -17.3 -5.5 4.7 -5.02008 -22.1 -4.9 2.9 -8.7 -6.8 -6.6 -11.4 8.0 -0.8 -4.2 -1.3 -0.7 -15.7 -49.5 -12.7 -20.0 -5.1 2.9 -5.92009 -8.2 -3.9 3.5 -4.9 -0.8 -3.4 -4.5 6.5 0.5 -3.6 -0.1 0.2 -15.4 -27.7 -6.8 -6.3 -1.7 2.8 -3.92010 -0.7 -5.1 6.6 -1.0 0.3 -4.8 -5.6 6.5 0.6 -3.4 0.0 0.3 -11.3 -20.3 -2.0 -6.5 -5.7 3.9 -3.3

2011 0.6 -4.6 6.6 -0.6 0.9 -4.8 -5.1 5.1 0.8 -2.0 0.4 0.7 -12.9 -14.8 -2.5 -10.3 -8.8 2.1 -2.72012 -0.1 -2.2 6.3 0.5 1.8 -3.3 -4.5 5.5 2.1 -3.8 1.2 1.5 -10.2 -15.3 -3.2 -10.9 -5.5 1.0 -1.32013 2.0 -1.1 7.8 : 3.7 -0.5 -1.0 5.1 : -5.1 : 1.7 -9.3 -11.4 -1.6 -5.8 -6.6 0.9 -1.22014 0.4 -1.2 8.9 : 1.5 -1.4 -0.5 4.7 : -4.9 : 1.8 -10.8 -12.4 -0.5 -5.6 -4.6 0.8 -0.42015 0.6 -1.5 8.2 : 2.7 0.2 -1.1 4.3 : -4.9 : 1.9 -8.6 -11.0 -2.0 -3.5 -3.6 3.1 -0.92016 5.3 0.1 7.9 : 6.2 0.0 -2.0 3.8 : -5.2 : 2.1 -7.6 -16.2 -2.9 -2.9 -3.8 4.0 -1.72017 6.2 0.3 8.0 : 3.0 0.1 -3.4 3.7 : -3.3 : 2.8 -7.5 -16.1 -1.0 -5.2 -5.5 4.2 -1.72018 2.5 0.1 6.1 : 0.5 -0.5 -4.7 3.4 : -3.9 : 2.5 -6.7 -17.2 -0.3 -5.2 -3.6 3.5 -2.12019 1.6 -0.5 6.3 : -1.2 -1.0 -5.2 4.1 : -3.7 : 2.3 -6.7 -16.5 -1.3 -6.3 1.2 3.6 2020 1.5 -0.6 6.3 : -1.4 -1.4 -5.3 4.6 : -3.4 : 2.2 -6.8 -14.6 -2.0 -6.0 -0.5 3.6


98

Saving

45. Gross national saving



1960 19.4 28.9 : 16.3 13.7 22.7 27.5 22.2 : : : 35.5 : 30.3 27.1 19.6 : : 27.1 : 26.1

1965 24.1 27.2 : 19.4 24.7 24.1 28.1 17.2 : : : 30.7 : 27.1 27.5 22.6 : : 23.7 : 25.1

1970 31.0 29.5 : 20.4 28.4 27.0 28.1 23.9 : : : 40.3 : 29.4 30.3 26.9 : : 29.1 : 28.0

1975 24.4 22.4 : 21.7 31.3 25.6 25.0 21.2 : : : 35.2 : 25.9 25.9 22.5 : : 28.7 : 23.9

1980 20.3 21.9 : 15.9 28.0 21.7 23.8 22.2 : : : 38.9 : 23.0 23.6 27.5 : : 28.8 : 22.7

1985 17.9 22.9 : 13.7 24.0 21.9 19.4 19.8 : : : 37.5 : 24.1 21.3 22.3 : : 26.1 : 21.2

1990 23.9 25.3 : 17.9 20.0 22.8 22.8 18.0 : 23.2 : 41.7 : 26.0 23.9 25.1 19.5 : 25.6 : 22.8

1991 22.8 21.4

1991 23.1 24.1 : 17.5 21.7 22.1 22.1 17.0 : : : 40.0 : 25.6 23.7 20.1 25.4 : 18.5 : 21.81992 23.5 23.8 : 15.5 21.0 20.2 21.7 15.8 : 59.7 : 38.5 : 24.8 22.8 20.5 24.9 : 16.3 : 21.21993 24.6 22.7 24.4 17.6 19.5 20.1 20.3 16.5 : 37.0 16.0 37.0 : 25.0 22.2 18.6 21.5 20.5 16.8 : 20.91994 25.9 22.4 19.3 17.9 20.4 19.9 20.7 16.7 : 31.6 : 36.2 : 26.1 22.2 17.8 24.8 26.3 20.3 : 21.01995 26.3 22.5 22.2 21.8 19.1 21.2 21.2 21.7 21.1 13.1 13.6 31.6 20.8 28.0 24.1 20.9 23.2 28.8 23.5 22.5 22.51996 25.5 22.1 21.3 22.3 18.2 21.2 20.9 22.0 19.3 12.4 12.4 30.2 16.5 28.3 23.7 19.8 23.4 26.6 22.9 22.2 22.21997 26.9 22.3 20.5 24.3 18.9 22.0 22.3 21.9 17.6 14.2 14.9 29.9 18.5 28.3 23.9 20.2 24.6 27.0 26.0 22.8 22.81998 26.8 22.6 22.1 25.5 18.4 22.5 23.4 21.1 25.0 16.3 12.8 32.2 16.5 27.1 24.4 20.6 24.9 25.8 27.2 23.0 23.01999 27.5 22.1 21.1 24.3 17.6 22.5 24.3 20.8 17.8 12.9 10.7 28.6 18.3 28.4 23.7 20.2 24.2 25.3 28.7 23.0 23.12000 27.7 22.2 23.9 24.9 16.8 22.5 23.9 20.4 16.2 19.1 12.9 28.9 14.6 28.9 24.9 17.8 24.4 25.0 30.7 23.0 23.0

2001 26.7 22.0 23.5 23.4 16.4 22.4 24.0 20.8 15.8 19.8 14.3 29.9 14.9 27.0 24.4 17.9 25.1 24.3 31.3 22.9 22.92002 26.7 21.8 22.0 22.5 15.9 23.1 22.9 20.9 17.4 20.9 15.4 27.3 18.0 25.9 26.0 17.2 25.4 23.2 30.2 22.5 22.62003 26.5 21.1 22.8 24.6 16.4 23.9 22.4 20.3 18.1 21.6 15.0 23.6 16.2 26.6 25.7 16.2 24.9 19.4 27.3 22.2 22.22004 27.0 23.6 23.2 25.4 16.6 23.1 22.8 20.7 17.1 20.1 15.3 27.4 14.6 26.9 26.2 15.4 25.4 20.7 28.8 23.1 23.12005 27.0 23.4 25.5 25.7 12.6 22.5 22.6 20.2 17.0 22.6 17.0 30.2 13.3 25.7 25.7 13.4 26.1 21.2 28.0 22.6 22.62006 27.6 25.5 24.2 26.2 13.9 22.3 23.3 20.4 16.9 17.8 16.5 19.6 12.2 28.5 26.7 12.5 28.2 20.6 28.4 23.6 23.62007 28.4 27.6 24.1 22.9 11.5 21.7 23.7 20.8 13.3 20.4 17.2 28.3 18.0 28.7 28.2 13.0 28.5 22.9 29.6 24.2 24.32008 27.1 26.4 22.4 17.7 8.7 20.4 23.5 19.0 13.9 22.4 14.7 26.3 19.4 26.6 28.7 11.0 27.3 22.1 27.8 23.0 23.02009 22.5 23.9 23.1 14.0 5.8 20.3 20.9 17.5 11.6 29.9 14.5 14.1 12.3 26.3 24.8 10.7 22.4 17.7 23.2 20.9 20.92010 26.4 25.4 23.0 15.8 5.7 19.7 21.1 17.1 12.5 21.4 17.7 22.9 17.3 27.3 25.8 10.8 21.5 19.3 23.1 21.5 21.6

2011 24.2 27.3 26.6 15.0 4.8 18.6 22.0 17.5 14.7 22.1 17.9 20.6 17.3 28.7 26.1 13.1 21.3 19.5 22.0 22.3 22.32012 24.7 26.4 27.1 16.0 8.6 19.5 21.5 17.5 10.2 22.6 18.4 19.0 17.6 29.0 25.8 13.7 20.4 21.3 20.6 22.2 22.32013 23.3 26.2 27.4 20.9 9.4 20.2 21.3 17.9 8.3 21.8 20.9 17.6 19.3 28.6 25.5 15.4 22.7 22.5 19.5 22.4 22.42014 23.1 27.3 27.6 24.2 9.8 20.4 21.5 18.9 7.9 20.9 23.0 18.9 23.6 27.4 26.0 15.0 25.4 23.0 19.6 22.9 23.02015 22.9 28.1 26.6 30.2 9.9 21.5 22.3 18.6 12.8 21.8 18.6 21.1 27.6 28.8 25.7 14.9 23.8 22.3 20.2 23.7 23.72016 23.7 28.3 26.1 34.7 10.3 22.6 21.9 20.0 11.6 22.3 17.0 21.8 27.7 28.5 26.9 15.9 24.2 21.8 21.3 24.2 24.32017 25.5 28.3 28.6 34.1 11.4 23.0 22.8 20.1 12.2 22.9 18.7 23.8 29.5 31.2 27.4 17.1 27.3 22.3 22.1 24.8 24.92018 25.5 28.8 28.5 35.1 11.7 22.9 22.9 20.4 12.6 23.7 18.6 23.1 29.6 32.2 28.0 16.7 29.1 22.9 22.5 25.2 25.22019 25.5 28.3 28.2 34.7 13.0 23.2 23.3 20.3 12.4 23.7 18.6 22.7 29.3 31.4 28.1 17.1 29.5 23.0 22.8 25.1 25.22020 25.4 28.4 28.4 34.6 14.3 23.5 23.4 20.3 12.2 23.2 18.5 22.6 29.9 30.9 28.2 17.6 29.7 23.1 23.0 25.2 25.3


99

Saving

45. Gross national saving



1960 : : 24.9 : : : : 28.8 : 18.7 : 24.6 : : : : 14.7 33.4 23.4

1965 : : 24.6 : : : : 30.0 : 20.9 : 24.5 : : : : 14.1 33.0 24.6

1970 : : 23.4 : : : : 28.3 : 24.4 : 27.3 : : : : -4.8 40.0 21.3

1975 : : 20.8 : : : : 27.2 : 17.4 : 23.1 : : : : 23.9 32.7 20.7

1980 : : 16.9 : : : : 22.6 : 19.9 : 22.1 : : : : 17.5 31.3 22.0

1985 : : 17.8 : : : : 24.4 : 20.6 : 21.2 : : : : 24.3 32.0 20.3

1990 : : 21.5 : : : 21.7 25.3 : 20.1 : 22.4 : : : : 26.6 34.2 18.7

1991 21.0

1991 : : 20.4 : : 13.7 26.9 22.6 : 19.0 : 21.4 : : : : 23.8 34.4 18.71992 : : 21.1 : : 13.4 24.5 19.8 : 17.7 : 20.6 : : : : 23.9 33.7 17.61993 : 28.2 20.3 : 11.9 13.9 26.9 18.3 : 17.4 : 20.3 : : : : 24.0 32.5 17.01994 : 28.9 20.3 : 15.1 18.7 24.9 21.8 : 18.3 : 20.6 : : : : 22.7 32.2 17.81995 26.2 30.4 21.4 12.7 20.1 21.2 13.9 24.3 22.5 18.0 21.8 21.9 : : : : 24.6 31.9 18.71996 1.2 29.7 21.3 18.0 21.5 20.8 15.2 24.1 22.2 18.3 21.6 21.7 : : : : 27.9 32.3 19.61997 19.5 26.9 22.7 16.3 22.4 20.5 14.5 24.5 22.7 18.0 21.9 22.0 : : 13.3 : 25.8 32.1 20.81998 23.8 28.7 22.0 16.9 22.3 21.4 10.6 25.9 23.0 18.1 22.2 22.2 : : 14.4 : 24.6 31.4 21.31999 15.7 27.0 23.1 15.8 19.8 20.4 11.0 26.4 23.0 15.6 21.7 21.8 : : 17.9 : 21.0 29.6 20.92000 13.7 27.8 24.0 19.3 20.4 19.1 15.3 27.6 23.0 16.2 21.8 21.9 : : 19.2 : 20.2 30.0 20.7

2001 15.9 27.5 25.0 21.0 20.8 18.0 16.7 27.9 22.9 15.9 21.7 21.7 : : 11.0 18.3 20.0 28.6 19.62002 18.2 25.4 24.4 20.3 19.0 16.2 20.5 27.3 22.6 15.8 21.3 21.4 : : 11.4 14.6 21.0 27.3 18.32003 16.9 24.6 24.4 21.3 16.5 17.0 16.9 28.4 22.3 15.7 21.2 21.3 : : 14.1 15.8 20.1 27.5 17.42004 17.2 25.4 24.8 23.4 17.4 14.1 16.1 28.3 23.0 15.0 21.6 21.8 : : 13.1 17.2 21.7 28.1 17.72005 16.5 26.4 26.4 22.8 16.7 16.7 13.9 29.1 22.7 15.4 21.4 21.5 : : 17.4 10.4 22.8 28.3 18.12006 15.1 26.2 27.6 23.3 18.3 17.7 16.6 31.7 23.6 14.8 22.1 22.3 : : 21.0 4.7 23.9 28.6 19.22007 9.9 27.4 26.7 22.6 17.0 18.5 17.8 33.2 24.3 14.7 22.6 22.8 : : 16.8 7.6 23.2 29.2 17.62008 14.8 26.1 26.9 22.7 17.9 18.0 21.7 32.6 23.1 12.9 21.6 21.7 : : 15.2 6.5 23.8 27.4 15.22009 20.4 22.6 22.6 20.1 19.5 17.2 22.7 27.5 21.0 11.0 19.6 19.6 : : 19.0 12.4 21.4 24.1 13.92010 21.9 22.1 24.6 20.1 20.9 16.5 21.5 29.5 21.7 12.4 20.4 20.5 : : 22.4 11.1 21.3 25.2 15.4

2011 22.1 22.3 25.7 19.8 21.4 17.7 23.1 29.0 22.4 13.7 21.2 21.3 : : 24.4 8.0 22.5 24.2 16.52012 21.8 23.9 25.7 19.6 21.2 17.7 22.5 28.2 22.4 12.1 20.8 20.8 : : 25.8 8.4 22.8 23.6 18.72013 23.1 23.6 27.4 : 24.8 18.5 24.6 27.7 : 11.4 : 20.8 : : 27.2 11.6 23.2 24.1 19.22014 21.9 24.7 29.0 : 24.8 19.0 24.2 28.2 : 12.3 : 21.4 : : 29.8 10.9 24.4 24.7 20.32015 21.8 26.4 28.9 : 25.3 20.7 24.0 28.6 : 12.3 : 21.8 : : 28.5 15.1 24.8 27.1 20.12016 24.5 26.1 29.4 : 26.2 19.6 21.3 28.3 : 12.0 : 22.4 : : 29.7 15.0 24.4 27.4 18.62017 26.3 26.2 29.6 : 25.7 20.0 20.0 29.3 : 13.8 : 23.3 : : 32.0 14.4 25.4 28.2 18.92018 23.2 26.2 28.8 : 27.5 20.1 19.4 29.7 : 13.3 : 23.5 : : 32.7 16.4 25.6 27.9 19.02019 22.8 25.7 28.9 : 27.7 19.8 18.8 29.9 : 13.1 : 23.4 18.1 15.5 33.6 15.7 26.9 28.3 18.52020 22.9 25.4 28.9 : 27.4 19.4 18.7 30.0 : 13.1 : 23.4 18.2 17.1 34.8 16.4 27.3 28.5 18.5


100

Saving

46. Gross saving; private sectorESA 2010



1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 17.4 : :

1981-1990 : : : : : : 18.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.7 : :

1991 : 22.3 : : : : 19.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.2 : : 1992 : 21.8 : : : : 20.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.4 : : 1993 : 21.4 : : : : 20.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 19.4 : : 1994 : 21.0 : : : : 20.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 20.9 : : 1995 27.8 22.0 15.7 21.9 25.7 22.4 20.7 24.9 16.7 11.9 10.5 24.2 21.2 28.0 24.8 22.1 19.0 23.4 23.0 23.0 23.01996 26.5 22.2 16.5 20.6 24.0 21.8 19.9 24.9 16.6 9.9 10.7 23.0 21.7 26.6 22.8 20.1 19.5 25.2 20.9 22.5 22.51997 26.0 22.0 13.4 21.1 21.3 21.2 21.2 21.9 16.6 12.0 11.6 22.4 21.8 26.1 22.1 19.3 22.3 25.0 22.8 22.1 22.11998 24.7 21.8 16.8 21.4 19.9 20.8 21.2 20.6 25.3 13.8 12.1 23.7 21.6 24.7 22.4 19.7 21.9 23.9 21.5 21.6 21.61999 25.0 20.5 19.5 17.8 18.4 19.4 21.2 18.7 18.0 12.7 10.1 20.2 21.2 24.3 22.1 18.4 21.5 23.4 22.7 20.6 20.62000 24.6 20.3 19.6 17.0 16.1 19.0 20.7 19.0 14.5 18.2 11.3 18.4 17.1 23.8 23.2 16.9 23.0 24.3 20.3 20.3 20.3

1991-2000 : 21.5 : : : : 20.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 20.2 : :

2001 23.9 21.6 18.5 18.4 16.6 18.4 20.9 19.8 14.1 18.0 13.5 20.3 17.2 23.1 21.0 18.1 23.9 24.6 22.8 20.8 20.82002 24.2 22.3 15.6 19.2 15.6 18.8 21.6 20.1 17.4 19.5 13.7 19.2 19.4 23.5 23.4 17.2 23.2 24.1 22.5 21.3 21.32003 25.2 21.9 15.9 21.0 17.6 19.7 22.1 20.5 19.5 20.0 13.1 17.4 17.4 25.1 23.8 17.2 22.6 18.4 21.2 21.5 21.62004 25.0 24.3 16.7 20.9 19.0 18.2 21.9 20.5 17.9 17.0 13.0 22.6 16.7 24.8 23.8 17.3 22.8 19.7 22.9 22.1 22.12005 24.9 23.8 19.9 20.9 15.3 16.5 21.3 20.1 17.0 19.7 14.2 24.0 14.4 22.4 24.2 16.0 23.2 19.2 21.8 21.3 21.32006 25.1 24.3 16.6 20.3 17.1 15.2 21.0 18.7 14.8 12.9 13.1 12.8 13.1 24.7 25.2 13.7 24.9 20.0 21.3 21.0 21.12007 25.8 24.6 15.6 18.5 15.0 14.4 21.6 18.0 6.3 15.1 13.1 19.5 17.3 25.1 25.4 13.2 23.6 21.5 21.1 21.0 21.02008 25.5 23.4 18.2 18.9 13.8 19.1 21.7 17.5 9.1 22.4 13.0 18.4 21.3 22.4 25.9 11.7 23.4 20.6 20.2 20.9 20.92009 24.7 23.8 19.9 21.2 15.8 24.8 22.8 18.5 12.1 34.8 20.2 9.1 13.5 26.3 25.1 16.5 23.1 20.8 21.7 22.5 22.52010 27.3 25.4 19.9 22.8 14.0 23.4 22.8 17.6 12.0 24.8 21.8 17.6 18.1 27.6 25.9 16.0 22.2 23.3 22.0 22.9 22.9

2001-2010 25.1 23.5 17.7 20.2 16.0 18.8 21.8 19.1 14.0 20.4 14.9 18.1 16.8 24.5 24.4 15.7 23.3 21.2 21.7 21.5 21.6

2011 24.6 25.1 22.5 21.0 13.3 23.2 22.3 17.8 16.2 21.1 20.1 14.9 18.1 28.8 24.7 17.2 22.7 20.5 19.3 22.6 22.62012 24.9 23.5 22.1 21.6 12.9 23.2 21.3 16.8 12.6 20.5 19.4 13.7 18.9 28.7 23.8 17.8 20.5 22.8 18.8 21.8 21.82013 23.2 23.5 22.9 24.8 9.7 24.2 20.5 17.8 10.6 19.8 20.8 12.3 19.6 27.4 23.3 18.2 22.9 22.6 18.1 21.7 21.72014 23.1 24.0 22.1 25.4 11.1 24.0 20.8 18.7 5.6 19.4 21.6 13.2 23.2 25.9 23.5 17.0 24.9 22.7 18.6 22.0 22.02015 22.6 24.7 21.7 29.3 10.2 24.1 21.6 17.6 10.6 19.9 16.3 15.2 26.4 27.2 22.6 15.9 22.6 20.1 19.0 22.3 22.42016 23.7 24.7 21.8 33.3 7.8 24.8 21.2 19.6 8.4 19.3 14.0 15.0 24.2 24.9 24.9 16.5 22.9 20.8 19.0 22.7 22.82017 24.0 24.1 24.0 32.3 8.6 23.9 21.1 19.0 7.6 19.2 15.3 17.5 23.8 26.6 24.4 16.1 24.0 20.0 19.2 22.4 22.52018 23.7 24.0 24.0 32.8 8.2 23.0 21.2 19.4 7.4 20.3 15.3 15.7 24.4 27.1 24.4 14.4 24.8 20.5 19.3 22.4 22.52019 24.4 24.2 23.6 32.2 10.5 23.3 22.2 19.9 7.7 20.3 16.0 16.1 24.8 26.2 24.3 14.8 24.9 20.4 19.3 22.8 22.92020 24.5 24.4 24.1 31.8 12.2 23.5 21.4 20.6 7.6 19.9 15.9 16.2 25.7 26.4 24.4 15.1 24.9 20.7 19.2 22.9 22.9

2011-2020 23.9 24.2 22.9 28.4 10.4 23.7 21.3 18.7 9.4 20.0 17.5 15.0 22.9 26.9 24.0 16.3 23.5 21.1 19.0 22.4 22.4


101

Saving

46. Gross saving; private sectorESA 2010


BG CZ DK HR LV HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3)

1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 22.5

1981-1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 27.6 21.5

1991 : : : : : : : : : : 18.1 : : : : : : : 26.9 20.41992 : : : : : : : : : : 19.9 : : : : : : : 26.7 20.61993 : : : : : : : : : : 21.0 : : : : : : : 27.5 19.51994 : : : : : : : : : : 21.1 : : : : : : : 28.0 19.11995 31.1 24.3 21.8 : 11.9 22.4 22.0 11.6 25.8 : 20.0 : 22.6 : : : : : 28.4 19.81996 9.0 24.7 20.5 : 9.9 21.4 21.1 14.3 22.4 : 19.5 : 22.0 : : : : : 29.0 19.61997 17.2 22.2 20.8 : 12.0 22.4 21.0 15.7 21.3 : 17.9 : 21.3 : : : : : 28.4 19.61998 18.4 24.1 19.4 : 13.8 22.1 21.3 11.0 21.4 : 16.3 : 20.6 : : : : : 29.5 19.01999 11.1 23.2 19.3 : 12.7 19.8 19.3 12.3 21.2 : 12.8 : 19.2 : : : : : 28.8 18.02000 10.0 24.6 19.2 : 18.2 17.6 19.8 15.6 20.5 : 12.8 : 18.8 : : : : : 29.5 17.1

1991-2000 : : : : : : : : : : 18.0 : : : : : : : 28.3 19.3

2001 10.8 24.2 21.2 16.8 18.0 18.6 19.4 16.1 22.5 20.8 13.3 19.4 19.4 : : : : : 28.0 18.12002 15.2 22.7 21.6 16.5 19.5 19.2 17.7 17.9 24.4 21.3 15.2 20.2 20.2 : : : : : 28.4 19.92003 13.7 22.0 22.0 17.0 20.0 18.2 19.3 13.4 25.4 21.5 16.1 20.6 20.7 : : : : : 29.1 20.02004 11.7 20.7 20.2 19.6 17.0 19.1 15.9 12.2 24.0 21.8 15.2 20.7 20.9 : : : : : 29.6 19.72005 11.7 22.0 18.9 19.2 19.7 19.6 16.8 10.8 23.2 21.0 15.5 20.1 20.2 : : : : : 28.6 18.72006 9.6 22.0 20.0 19.6 12.9 21.5 16.8 11.9 25.4 20.9 14.6 19.8 20.0 : : : : : 27.7 18.92007 2.1 22.4 18.8 17.7 15.1 16.7 15.7 14.1 25.7 20.8 14.5 19.7 19.9 : : : : : 28.0 17.62008 8.6 22.2 20.3 18.2 22.4 17.7 16.5 20.3 26.4 20.8 14.2 19.8 20.0 : : : : : 27.6 18.32009 20.5 22.5 22.0 19.0 34.8 20.7 19.0 26.1 23.8 22.4 16.5 21.6 21.6 : : : : 22.9 28.6 22.02010 21.5 21.7 23.8 20.5 24.8 22.2 18.8 23.1 25.0 22.8 17.7 22.1 22.2 : : : : 19.3 29.8 23.4

2001-2010 12.5 22.3 20.9 18.4 20.4 19.3 17.6 16.6 24.6 21.4 15.3 20.4 20.5 : : : : : 28.5 19.7

2011 21.6 20.8 24.0 21.6 21.1 22.7 17.8 22.1 24.7 22.5 17.7 21.8 21.9 : : : : 19.2 28.8 23.32012 19.8 21.8 23.9 20.4 20.5 20.3 17.6 21.5 24.8 21.8 16.4 20.9 21.0 : : : : 18.9 27.7 24.22013 21.3 21.2 24.3 : 19.8 24.0 19.1 22.6 24.7 : 13.9 : 20.6 : : : : 18.9 27.1 21.72014 21.1 22.6 22.9 : 19.4 23.0 18.8 22.1 25.2 : 14.6 : 20.8 : : : : 20.5 25.9 22.32015 20.5 23.0 25.4 : 19.9 21.7 19.5 21.1 24.3 : 13.4 : 20.8 : : : : 20.5 27.3 21.72016 21.1 22.0 25.3 : 19.3 22.9 18.6 20.2 22.9 : 12.0 : 20.9 : : : : 21.7 27.7 20.82017 23.0 21.2 24.7 : 19.2 22.4 17.6 20.7 23.4 : 12.6 : 20.9 : : : : 23.4 27.5 21.22018 19.1 21.3 24.5 : 20.3 23.4 16.6 19.4 24.0 : 11.7 : 20.8 : : : : 24.2 27.4 22.12019 19.0 21.3 24.7 : 20.3 22.8 17.3 19.3 24.6 : 11.4 : 21.0 : : : : 26.3 27.7 21.72020 18.7 21.6 24.7 : 19.9 22.6 17.2 20.0 24.7 : 11.1 : 21.0 : : : : 26.1 27.6 21.7

2011-2020 20.5 21.7 24.4 : 20.0 22.6 18.0 20.9 24.3 : 13.5 : 21.0 : : : : 22.0 27.5 22.1


102

Saving

47. Gross saving; general governmentESA 2010



1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.1 : :

1981-1990 : : : : : : 2.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.7 : :

1991 : 1.9 : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 : : 1992 : 2.0 : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.2 : : 1993 : 1.3 : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.6 : : 1994 : 1.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.6 : : 1995 -1.5 0.5 6.5 -0.1 -6.6 -1.3 0.4 -3.1 4.4 1.3 3.0 7.4 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -1.2 4.2 5.4 0.5 -0.5 -0.51996 -1.1 -0.1 4.8 1.7 -5.8 -0.6 1.0 -2.9 2.7 2.4 1.7 7.1 -5.2 1.7 0.9 -0.3 3.9 1.4 2.0 -0.3 -0.31997 0.9 0.2 7.2 3.2 -2.3 0.8 1.1 -0.1 0.9 2.2 3.3 7.5 -3.3 2.2 1.9 0.9 2.3 1.9 3.2 0.7 0.71998 2.1 0.8 5.3 4.1 -1.4 1.7 2.1 0.5 -0.3 2.5 0.7 8.5 -5.1 2.4 2.0 0.9 3.0 1.9 5.8 1.4 1.41999 2.6 1.6 1.6 6.5 -0.8 3.1 3.1 2.1 -0.2 0.2 0.6 8.4 -2.9 4.1 1.6 1.8 2.7 1.8 6.0 2.5 2.52000 3.1 1.9 4.4 8.0 0.7 3.4 3.1 1.4 1.6 0.9 1.6 10.5 -2.5 5.1 1.7 0.9 1.4 0.8 10.4 2.7 2.7

1991-2000 : 1.1 : : : : 1.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.9 : :

2001 2.8 0.4 5.0 5.0 -0.2 4.0 3.1 1.0 1.7 1.9 0.8 9.5 -2.3 3.9 3.4 -0.2 1.2 -0.3 8.5 2.1 2.12002 2.5 -0.5 6.4 3.3 0.4 4.3 1.3 0.8 0.1 1.4 1.7 8.1 -1.4 2.4 2.6 0.0 2.2 -0.8 7.7 1.3 1.32003 1.3 -0.8 6.9 3.6 -1.2 4.2 0.4 -0.2 -1.4 1.6 1.9 6.3 -1.2 1.5 1.9 -0.9 2.3 1.0 6.1 0.6 0.62004 2.0 -0.7 6.5 4.5 -2.4 4.9 0.9 0.2 -0.8 3.2 2.3 4.8 -2.1 2.1 2.4 -1.9 2.6 1.0 6.0 1.0 1.02005 2.1 -0.3 5.6 4.8 -2.7 5.9 1.3 0.1 0.0 2.9 2.8 6.3 -1.1 3.2 1.5 -2.5 3.0 2.0 6.2 1.3 1.32006 2.5 1.2 7.6 5.9 -3.2 7.1 2.3 1.7 2.1 4.9 3.4 6.8 -0.9 3.7 1.5 -1.2 3.3 0.6 7.1 2.5 2.52007 2.7 3.0 8.5 4.4 -3.4 7.4 2.1 2.8 7.0 5.3 4.0 8.8 0.7 3.6 2.8 -0.2 4.9 1.3 8.5 3.3 3.22008 1.6 3.0 4.2 -1.3 -5.1 1.3 1.8 1.5 4.7 0.0 1.7 7.9 -1.9 4.2 2.8 -0.7 3.8 1.5 7.6 2.1 2.12009 -2.2 0.1 3.2 -7.2 -9.9 -4.6 -1.8 -1.0 -0.5 -4.9 -5.7 5.0 -1.2 0.0 -0.3 -5.7 -0.7 -3.0 1.5 -1.6 -1.62010 -0.9 0.0 3.2 -7.0 -8.2 -3.7 -1.7 -0.4 0.5 -3.4 -4.1 5.3 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -5.2 -0.8 -3.9 1.0 -1.3 -1.3

2001-2010 1.4 0.6 5.7 1.6 -3.6 3.1 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.3 0.9 6.9 -1.2 2.4 1.9 -1.9 2.2 -0.1 6.0 1.1 1.1

2011 -0.4 2.2 4.1 -6.0 -8.5 -4.6 -0.3 -0.3 -1.5 1.0 -2.3 5.6 -0.8 -0.1 1.4 -4.1 -1.4 -1.0 2.8 -0.3 -0.32012 -0.2 2.9 5.0 -5.5 -4.4 -3.7 0.2 0.7 -2.5 2.1 -1.0 5.3 -1.3 0.3 2.0 -4.2 -0.1 -1.4 1.8 0.5 0.52013 0.1 2.7 4.5 -3.9 -0.3 -4.0 0.9 0.2 -2.3 2.1 0.0 5.3 -0.3 1.2 2.2 -2.8 -0.3 -0.1 1.4 0.6 0.72014 0.0 3.3 5.5 -1.2 -1.3 -3.5 0.7 0.3 2.4 1.5 1.4 5.7 0.4 1.5 2.5 -2.0 0.5 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.02015 0.3 3.4 4.9 0.9 -0.3 -2.6 0.7 1.0 2.1 1.9 2.3 5.8 1.3 1.6 3.1 -0.9 1.2 2.1 1.1 1.3 1.32016 0.0 3.7 4.2 1.4 2.5 -2.2 0.7 0.5 3.2 3.0 3.0 6.7 3.5 3.6 2.0 -0.6 1.3 1.0 2.2 1.5 1.52017 1.4 4.2 4.7 1.8 2.9 -0.9 1.8 1.1 4.6 3.7 3.5 6.3 5.8 4.6 3.0 1.0 3.3 2.3 3.0 2.4 2.42018 1.8 4.8 4.5 2.3 3.5 -0.1 1.7 1.0 5.2 3.4 3.3 7.4 5.2 5.0 3.7 2.3 4.4 2.4 3.2 2.8 2.72019 1.1 4.1 4.6 2.5 2.5 -0.1 1.0 0.4 4.7 3.5 2.6 6.6 4.6 5.2 3.8 2.3 4.6 2.6 3.6 2.3 2.32020 0.9 4.0 4.3 2.8 2.1 0.1 2.0 -0.3 4.6 3.3 2.6 6.4 4.3 4.5 3.8 2.5 4.9 2.4 3.8 2.4 2.3

2011-2020 0.5 3.5 4.6 -0.5 -0.1 -2.2 0.9 0.5 2.1 2.6 1.5 6.1 2.3 2.7 2.7 -0.6 1.8 1.0 2.4 1.5 1.4


103

Saving

47. Gross saving; general governmentESA 2010


BG CZ DK HR LV HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3)

1975-1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.4

1981-1990 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.5 -1.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 : : : : : : : 7.5 -1.71992 : : : : : : : : : : -2.2 : : : : : : : 7.0 -3.01993 : : : : : : : : : : -3.6 : : : : : : : 4.9 -2.51994 : : : : : : : : : : -2.8 : : : : : : : 4.2 -1.31995 -4.9 6.1 -0.3 : 1.3 -2.4 -0.9 2.3 -1.6 : -2.1 : -0.8 : : : : : 3.5 -1.11996 -7.8 5.0 0.8 : 2.4 0.1 -0.4 0.9 1.7 : -1.2 : -0.4 : : : : : 3.3 0.01997 2.3 4.7 1.9 : 2.2 -0.1 -0.6 -1.2 3.2 : 0.0 : 0.6 : : : : : 3.7 1.21998 5.3 4.7 2.6 : 2.5 0.2 0.1 -0.4 4.4 : 1.8 : 1.6 : : : : : 1.9 2.31999 4.5 3.8 3.8 : 0.2 0.0 1.1 -1.3 5.2 : 2.8 : 2.6 : : : : : 0.8 2.82000 3.7 3.2 4.8 : 0.9 2.8 -0.6 -0.2 7.0 : 3.4 : 3.0 : : : : : 0.5 3.7

1991-2000 : : : : : : : : : : -0.3 : : : : : : : 3.7 0.0

2001 5.1 3.3 3.8 4.2 1.9 2.2 -1.4 0.6 5.5 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.3 : : : : : 0.6 1.62002 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.8 1.4 -0.2 -1.5 2.6 2.9 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.2 : : : : : -1.1 -1.62003 3.2 2.6 2.5 4.3 1.6 -1.7 -2.2 3.5 2.9 0.7 -0.4 0.5 0.6 : : : : : -1.6 -2.62004 5.5 4.7 4.6 3.8 3.2 -1.7 -1.8 3.9 4.4 1.2 -0.2 0.9 0.9 : : : : : -1.4 -2.02005 4.8 4.4 7.4 3.6 2.9 -2.8 -0.1 3.2 6.0 1.6 -0.1 1.3 1.3 : : : : : -0.2 -0.62006 5.5 4.2 7.7 3.7 4.9 -3.2 0.9 4.7 6.3 2.7 0.2 2.3 2.3 : : : : : 0.9 0.32007 7.8 5.0 7.9 4.9 5.3 0.3 2.8 3.7 7.4 3.5 0.3 2.9 2.9 : : : : : 1.2 -0.12008 6.2 3.9 6.6 4.5 0.0 0.2 1.6 1.4 6.2 2.3 -1.3 1.8 1.7 : : : : : -0.2 -3.02009 -0.1 0.1 0.5 1.0 -4.9 -1.2 -1.8 -3.4 3.7 -1.4 -5.4 -2.0 -2.0 : : : : -1.5 -4.5 -8.12010 0.4 0.4 0.8 -0.4 -3.4 -1.3 -2.4 -1.6 4.4 -1.1 -5.2 -1.7 -1.7 : : : : 2.0 -4.7 -8.0

2001-2010 4.2 3.1 4.5 3.4 1.3 -0.9 -0.6 1.9 5.0 1.3 -0.9 1.0 1.0 : : : : : -1.1 -2.4

2011 0.5 1.5 1.7 -1.8 1.0 -1.4 -0.1 1.0 4.4 0.0 -4.0 -0.6 -0.6 : : : : 3.3 -4.6 -6.82012 2.0 2.2 1.9 -0.8 2.1 0.9 0.1 1.0 3.4 0.6 -4.3 -0.1 -0.2 : : : : 3.9 -4.0 -5.52013 1.8 2.4 3.1 -0.7 2.1 0.7 -0.6 2.0 2.9 0.8 -2.5 0.3 0.3 : : : : 4.3 -3.0 -2.52014 0.8 2.1 6.1 -0.3 1.5 1.8 0.2 2.1 2.9 1.2 -2.3 0.6 0.5 : : : : 3.9 -1.2 -2.02015 1.3 3.4 3.5 1.0 1.9 3.6 1.1 2.9 4.3 1.5 -1.1 1.1 1.0 : : : : 4.3 -0.2 -1.62016 3.4 4.1 4.0 3.4 3.0 3.3 0.9 1.1 5.5 1.8 0.0 1.5 1.5 : : : : 2.7 -0.3 -2.22017 3.2 5.0 4.9 4.3 3.7 3.4 2.3 -0.6 5.9 2.6 1.2 2.4 2.4 : : : : 2.0 0.6 -2.32018 4.1 4.9 4.4 4.9 3.4 4.1 3.5 0.0 5.8 3.0 1.6 2.7 2.7 : : : : 1.5 0.5 -3.12019 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.7 3.5 4.9 2.5 -0.4 5.3 2.5 1.7 2.4 2.3 : : : : 0.7 0.6 -3.22020 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.7 3.3 4.9 2.2 -1.3 5.3 2.5 2.0 2.4 2.4 : : : : 1.2 0.9 -3.2

2011-2020 2.5 3.4 3.8 1.9 2.6 2.6 1.2 0.8 4.6 1.6 -0.8 1.3 1.2 : : : : 2.8 -1.1 -3.2


104

Money interest rates and exchange rates

48. Nominal short-term interest rates

(%)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3)

1961-1970 5.2 5.0 : : : : 5.4 3.7 : : : : 3.8 : : : : : : :

1971-1980 8.4 6.9 : 11.3 : : 8.8 11.3 : : : : 7.0 6.4 9.3 : : 10.2 : :

1981-1990 10.2 6.7 12.6 17.4 14.9 10.8 15.0 7.0 6.9 17.0 12.7 10.9

1991 9.4 9.2 : 10.4 22.7 13.2 9.6 12.2 : : : : 9.3 9.1 17.7 : : 13.1 : 10.91992 9.4 9.5 : 12.4 23.5 13.3 10.4 14.0 : : : : 9.4 9.3 16.2 : : 13.3 : 11.51993 8.1 7.2 : 9.3 23.5 11.7 8.6 10.2 : : : : 6.9 7.2 13.3 : : 7.8 : 9.11994 5.6 5.3 : 5.9 24.6 8.0 5.9 8.5 : : : : 5.2 5.0 11.1 : : 5.3 : 6.91995 4.7 4.5 : 6.3 16.4 9.4 6.6 10.3 : : : 4.8 4.4 4.5 9.8 : 8.4 5.8 : 7.01996 3.2 3.3 8.1 5.4 13.8 7.5 3.9 8.7 : : : 5.0 3.0 3.3 7.4 : 11.9 3.6 : 5.31997 3.4 3.3 8.6 6.1 12.8 5.4 3.5 6.8 : 6.0 : 5.1 3.3 3.5 5.7 : 21.8 3.2 : 4.61998 3.5 3.5 13.9 5.5 14.0 4.3 3.6 4.9 : 8.4 : 5.4 3.4 3.6 4.3 10.3 21.1 3.6 : 4.21999 3.0 3.0 7.8 3.0 10.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.3 8.4 13.9 5.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 8.6 15.7 3.0 3.3 3.12000 4.4 4.4 5.7 4.4 7.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 6.4 5.4 8.6 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 10.9 8.6 4.4 4.6 4.5

1991-2000 5.5 5.3 : 6.9 16.9 8.0 5.9 8.3 : : : : 5.2 5.3 9.3 : : 6.3 : 6.7

2001 4.3 4.3 5.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 5.9 6.9 5.9 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.3 10.9 7.8 4.3 4.3 4.32002 3.3 3.3 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.4 4.4 3.7 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 8.0 7.8 3.3 3.4 3.32003 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.9 3.8 2.8 3.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 6.8 6.2 2.3 2.4 2.32004 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 4.7 4.2 2.7 2.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 4.7 4.7 2.1 2.2 2.12005 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 4.3 3.1 2.4 3.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 4.0 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.22006 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.4 4.4 3.1 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 4.3 3.1 3.1 3.12007 4.3 4.3 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 8.7 5.1 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.32008 4.6 4.6 6.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 8.0 6.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.62009 1.2 1.2 5.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 13.1 7.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.22010 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

2001-2010 2.8 2.8 3.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.7 5.8 4.1 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 4.9 4.4 2.8 2.9 2.8

2011 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.42012 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.62013 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.22014 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.22015 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02016 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.32017 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.32018 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3

1) 1961-90 D_W 2) ; 1961-90 including D_W

105


48. Nominal short-term interest rates

(%)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-7 EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3) 4)

1961-1970 : : 6.8 : : : : : : 6.3 5.1 : : : : : : : : 4.3

1971-1980 : : 10.9 : : : : : : 10.8 9.1 : : : : : : : 8.0 6.9

1981-1990 11.3 : 11.8 10.5 : : 6.1 9.1

1991 : : 9.9 : : : : 11.8 : 11.6 10.3 : 11.0 : : : : 86.0 7.4 6.01992 : : 11.7 : : : : 13.4 : 9.7 10.6 : 11.3 : : : : 94.3 4.5 3.81993 : 13.1 10.8 : : : : 8.8 : 6.0 7.9 : 8.6 : : : : 85.8 3.0 3.31994 : 9.1 6.3 : 27.8 : : 7.7 : 5.6 6.1 : 6.7 : : : : 161.1 2.3 4.81995 : 11.0 6.2 : 31.3 27.6 43.0 8.8 : 6.8 6.5 : 7.0 : : : : 123.2 1.2 6.01996 : 12.0 4.0 : 24.3 21.4 53.7 6.0 : 6.1 5.0 : 5.4 : : : : 111.9 0.6 5.51997 : 16.0 3.7 : 20.4 23.7 80.8 4.4 : 6.9 4.7 : 4.9 : : : : : 0.6 5.71998 5.9 14.3 4.3 : 17.9 20.4 69.5 4.4 : 7.4 4.6 : 4.7 : : : : 106.6 0.6 5.61999 5.9 6.9 3.4 : 15.1 14.7 79.6 3.3 4.8 5.6 3.5 4.9 3.5 : : : : 97.0 0.2 5.42000 4.6 5.4 5.0 : 11.4 18.8 50.7 4.1 5.8 6.2 4.8 5.8 4.7 : : : : 36.8 0.3 6.5

1991-2000 : : 6.5 : : : : 7.3 : 7.2 6.4 : 6.8 : : : : : 2.1 5.3

2001 5.1 5.2 4.7 : 10.9 16.1 41.3 4.1 5.4 5.0 4.4 5.3 4.4 : : : : 83.4 0.2 3.82002 4.9 3.5 3.5 : 9.2 9.0 27.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.5 4.1 3.5 : : : : 60.5 0.1 1.82003 3.7 2.3 2.4 : 8.5 5.7 17.7 3.2 2.9 3.7 2.6 3.0 2.6 : : : : 37.8 0.1 1.22004 3.7 2.4 2.2 : 11.4 6.2 19.1 2.3 2.8 4.6 2.6 3.0 2.5 : : : : 23.8 0.1 1.62005 3.6 2.0 2.2 : 7.2 5.3 8.4 1.9 2.5 4.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 : : : : 15.7 0.1 3.62006 3.7 2.3 3.2 : 7.0 4.2 8.1 2.6 3.3 4.9 3.4 3.5 3.4 : : : : 18.7 0.3 5.22007 4.9 3.1 4.4 : 7.9 4.7 7.2 3.9 4.4 6.0 4.6 4.6 4.5 : : : : 17.8 0.8 5.32008 7.1 4.0 5.3 : 8.7 6.4 12.3 4.7 5.0 5.5 4.8 5.1 4.8 : : : : 17.0 0.9 2.92009 5.7 2.2 2.5 : 9.3 4.4 11.3 0.9 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 : : : : 10.2 0.5 0.72010 4.1 1.3 1.3 : 6.2 3.9 6.5 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.8 : : : : 7.6 0.2 0.3

2001-2010 4.7 2.8 3.2 : 8.6 6.6 15.9 2.9 3.3 4.1 3.1 3.4 3.0 : : : : 29.2 0.3 2.6

2011 3.8 1.2 1.4 2.9 6.6 4.5 5.6 2.5 1.8 0.9 1.3 1.7 1.3 : : : : : 0.2 0.32012 2.3 1.0 0.6 2.7 8.1 4.9 5.1 2.0 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.7 : : : : : 0.2 0.42013 1.1 0.5 0.3 1.3 4.2 3.0 4.0 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 : : : : : 0.2 0.32014 0.8 0.4 0.3 1.0 2.5 2.6 2.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 : : : : : 0.1 0.22015 0.5 0.3 -0.1 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.3 -0.2 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 : : : : : 0.1 0.32016 0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.9 1.0 1.7 0.8 -0.5 -0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 : : : : : 0.0 0.72017 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.6 0.1 1.7 1.2 -0.5 -0.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 : : : : : 0.0 1.32018 0.0 1.3 -0.3 0.5 0.1 1.7 2.8 -0.4 -0.1 0.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 : : : : : -0.1 2.3

1) EU excluding UK; 1961-90 including D_W 2) BE DK DE FR IT NL UK; 1961-90 including D_W

106


49. Nominal long-term interest rates

(%)

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3)

1961-1970 6.3 6.8 : : : : 6.4 5.7 : : : : 5.6 : : : : 7.9 : :

1971-1980 8.8 8.1 : 12.8 : : 9.5 10.9 : : : : 8.7 8.6 : : : 9.5 : :

1981 13.4 10.1 : 17.3 17.7 15.8 15.9 19.4 : : : : 12.2 10.6 : : : 12.4 : : 1982 13.4 9.0 : 17.0 15.4 16.0 15.7 20.2 : : : : 10.5 9.9 : : : 12.4 : : 1983 11.9 8.0 : 13.9 18.2 16.9 13.6 18.3 : : : : 8.8 8.2 : : : 13.1 : : 1984 12.2 8.0 : 14.6 18.5 16.5 12.5 15.6 : : : : 8.6 8.0 : : : 14.0 : : 1985 11.0 7.0 : 12.7 15.8 13.4 11.1 13.7 : : : : 7.3 7.8 27.7 : : 12.7 : 10.91986 8.6 5.9 : 11.1 15.8 11.4 8.5 11.5 : : : : 6.2 7.4 15.8 : : 11.7 : 9.01987 8.2 6.1 : 11.3 17.4 12.8 9.5 10.6 : : : : 6.4 7.0 15.1 : : 10.4 : 9.21988 8.0 6.5 : 8.6 16.6 11.8 9.1 10.9 : : : : 6.4 6.9 14.2 : : 10.6 : 9.11989 8.7 7.4 : 8.9 : 13.7 8.8 12.8 : : : : 7.2 7.2 14.9 : : 12.1 : : 1990 10.0 8.7 : 10.1 : 14.7 9.9 13.5 : : : : 8.9 8.8 15.4 : : 13.3 : :

1981-1990 10.6 7.7 12.5 14.3 11.5 14.7 8.3 8.2 : 12.3 .................... ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................

1991 9.3 8.5 : 9.2 : 11.4 9.1 13.2 : : : : 8.7 8.6 14.5 : : 11.2 : : 1992 8.7 7.8 : 9.1 24.1 11.7 8.6 13.3 : : : : 8.1 7.4 13.8 : : 12.0 : 10.11993 7.2 6.5 : 7.7 23.3 10.2 6.8 11.2 : : : : 6.4 6.7 9.7 : : 8.8 : 8.41994 7.8 6.9 : 7.9 20.7 10.0 7.2 10.5 : : : : 6.9 7.0 10.5 : : 9.0 : 8.51995 7.5 6.9 : 8.3 17.0 11.3 7.5 12.2 : : : : 6.9 7.1 11.5 : : 8.8 : 8.91996 6.5 6.2 : 7.3 14.4 8.7 6.3 9.4 : : : : 6.2 6.3 8.6 : : 7.1 : 7.41997 5.8 5.6 : 6.3 9.9 6.4 5.6 6.9 6.9 : : : 5.6 5.7 6.4 : : 6.0 : 6.11998 4.8 4.6 13.2 4.8 8.5 4.8 4.6 4.9 6.7 : : : 4.6 4.7 4.9 : : 4.8 : 4.81999 4.8 4.5 11.4 4.7 6.3 4.7 4.6 4.7 7.4 : : : 4.6 4.7 4.8 : : 4.7 : 4.72000 5.6 5.3 10.5 5.5 6.1 5.5 5.4 5.6 7.6 : : 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.6 : 8.3 5.5 : 5.4

1991-2000 6.8 6.3 : 7.1 : 8.5 6.6 9.2 : : : : 6.3 6.4 9.0 : : 7.8 : :

2001 5.1 4.8 10.2 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.2 7.6 7.6 8.2 6.2 5.0 5.1 5.2 : 8.0 5.0 : 5.02002 5.0 4.8 8.4 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.4 6.1 5.8 4.9 5.0 5.0 8.7 6.9 5.0 5.0 4.92003 4.2 4.1 5.3 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 6.4 5.0 4.1 4.2 4.12004 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.3 5.8 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.7 5.0 4.1 4.1 4.12005 3.4 3.4 4.2 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 5.2 3.9 3.7 4.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.42006 3.8 3.8 5.0 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.82007 4.3 4.2 6.1 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 5.3 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.32008 4.4 4.0 8.2 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.7 4.6 6.4 5.6 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.32009 3.9 3.2 7.8 5.2 5.2 4.0 3.7 4.3 4.6 12.4 14.0 4.5 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.7 3.7 3.9 3.82010 3.5 2.7 5.9 5.7 9.1 4.3 3.1 4.0 4.6 10.3 5.6 4.2 3.0 3.2 5.4 3.8 3.9 3.0 3.6 3.6

2001-2010 4.2 3.9 6.5 4.5 5.0 4.2 4.1 4.4 5.1 6.5 6.2 4.9 4.0 4.1 4.4 : 5.1 4.1 : 4.1

2011 4.2 2.6 : 9.6 15.8 5.4 3.3 5.4 5.8 5.9 5.2 4.5 3.0 3.3 10.2 5.0 4.5 3.0 4.3 4.32012 3.0 1.5 : 6.2 22.5 5.9 2.5 5.5 7.0 4.6 4.8 4.1 1.9 2.4 10.6 5.8 4.6 1.9 3.8 3.82013 2.4 1.6 : 3.8 10.1 4.6 2.2 4.3 6.5 3.3 3.8 3.4 2.0 2.0 6.3 5.8 3.2 1.9 3.0 2.92014 1.7 1.2 : 2.4 6.9 2.7 1.7 2.9 6.0 2.5 2.8 2.6 1.5 1.5 3.8 3.3 2.1 1.5 2.0 2.02015 0.8 0.5 : 1.2 9.7 1.7 0.8 1.7 4.5 1.0 1.4 1.5 0.7 0.8 2.4 1.7 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.22016 0.5 0.1 : 0.7 8.4 1.4 0.5 1.5 3.8 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.4 3.2 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.82017 0.7 0.3 : 0.8 6.0 1.6 0.8 2.1 2.6 0.8 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.6 3.1 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.12018 0.8 0.4 : 1.0 4.2 1.4 0.8 2.6 2.2 0.9 0.3 1.4 0.6 0.7 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1

1) 1961-90 D_W 2) ; 1961-90 including D_W

107


49. Nominal long-term interest rates

(%)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-9 EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3) 4)

1961-1970 : : 8.3 : : : : 6.0 : 7.0 6.5 : : : : : : : : 4.8

1971-1980 : : 14.6 : : : : 9.0 : 12.5 10.0 : : : : : : : : 7.3

1981 : : 19.3 : : : : 13.5 : 14.8 14.4 : : : : : : : 8.4 12.91982 : : 20.5 : : : : 13.0 : 12.7 13.8 : : : : : : : 8.3 12.21983 : : 14.4 : : : : 12.3 : 10.8 12.2 : : : : : : : 7.8 10.81984 : : 14.4 : : : : 12.3 : 11.1 11.5 : : : : : : : 7.3 12.01985 : : 11.6 : : : : 13.0 : 11.0 10.4 : 11.0 : : : : : 6.5 10.81986 : : 10.1 : : : : 10.3 : 10.1 8.7 : 9.2 : : : : : 5.2 8.11987 : : 11.3 : : : : 11.7 : 9.6 8.8 : 9.4 : : : : : 4.7 8.71988 : : 9.9 : : : : 11.4 : 9.7 8.8 : 9.3 : : : : : 4.7 9.01989 : : 9.7 : : : : 11.2 : 10.2 9.5 : : : : : : : 5.2 8.51990 : : 10.6 : : : : 13.2 : 11.8 10.8 : : : : : : : 7.5 8.7

1981-1990 13.2 12.2 11.2 10.9 6.6 10.2..................... ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................

1991 : : 9.3 : : : : 10.7 : 10.1 9.9 : : : : : : : 6.5 8.01992 : : 9.0 : : : : 10.0 : 9.1 9.4 : 9.9 : : : : : 5.2 7.11993 : : 7.3 : : : : 8.6 : 7.6 7.8 : 8.3 : : : : : 4.1 6.01994 : : 7.8 : : : : 9.7 : 8.2 8.0 : 8.4 : : : : : 4.2 7.21995 : : 8.3 : : : : 10.2 : 8.3 8.4 : 8.9 : : : : : 3.3 6.71996 : : 7.2 : : : : 8.0 : 7.9 7.2 : 7.5 : : : : : 3.0 6.51997 : : 6.3 : : : : 6.6 : 7.1 6.2 : 6.3 : : : : : 2.2 6.51998 : : 4.9 : : : : 5.0 : 5.6 4.9 : 4.9 : : : : : 1.3 5.31999 : : 4.9 : 9.9 9.5 : 5.0 : 5.0 4.7 : 4.7 : : : : : 1.8 5.62000 : : 5.6 : 8.6 11.8 : 5.4 : 5.3 5.4 : 5.4 : : : : : 1.8 6.0

1991-2000 : : 7.1 : : : : 7.9 : 7.4 7.2 : : : : : : : 3.3 6.5

2001 : 6.3 5.1 : 8.0 10.7 : 5.1 : 5.0 5.0 : 5.0 : : : : : 1.3 5.02002 8.3 4.9 5.1 : 7.1 7.4 : 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.9 : : : : : 1.3 4.62003 6.5 4.1 4.3 : 6.8 5.8 : 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.2 : : : : : 1.0 4.02004 5.4 4.8 4.3 : 8.2 6.9 : 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.3 : : : : : 1.5 4.32005 3.9 3.5 3.4 : 6.6 5.2 : 3.4 3.6 4.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 : : : : 11.7 1.4 4.32006 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.4 7.1 5.2 7.2 3.7 4.0 4.4 3.9 4.1 3.9 : : : : 16.2 1.7 4.82007 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.9 6.7 5.5 7.1 4.2 4.5 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.4 : : : : 16.8 1.7 4.62008 5.4 4.6 4.3 6.0 8.2 6.1 7.7 3.9 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.3 : : : : 18.9 1.5 3.72009 7.2 4.8 3.6 7.8 9.1 6.1 9.7 3.3 4.3 3.4 3.6 4.2 3.7 : : : : 12.9 1.4 3.32010 6.0 3.9 2.9 6.3 7.3 5.8 7.3 2.9 3.9 3.4 3.2 3.8 3.5 : : : : 9.6 1.2 3.2

2001-2010 : 4.5 4.1 : 7.5 6.5 : 4.1 : 4.5 4.2 : 4.2 : : : : : 1.4 4.2

2011 5.4 3.7 2.7 6.5 7.6 6.0 7.3 2.6 4.5 3.1 3.4 4.3 4.0 : : : : 9.3 1.1 2.82012 4.5 2.8 1.4 6.1 7.9 5.0 6.7 1.6 3.9 1.7 2.5 3.6 3.3 : : : : 8.5 0.9 1.82013 3.5 2.1 1.8 4.7 5.9 4.0 5.4 2.1 3.1 2.0 2.3 2.9 2.7 : : : : 7.8 0.7 2.32014 3.4 1.6 1.3 4.1 4.8 3.5 4.5 1.7 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.0 : : : : 9.2 0.6 2.52015 2.5 0.6 0.7 3.6 3.4 2.7 3.5 0.7 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.3 : : : : 9.3 0.4 2.12016 2.3 0.4 0.3 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.3 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.9 : : : : 10.2 -0.1 1.82017 1.6 1.0 0.5 2.8 3.0 3.4 4.0 0.7 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1 : : : : 11.1 0.1 2.32018 0.9 2.0 0.5 2.2 3.1 3.2 4.7 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 : : : : 15.9 0.1 2.9

1) EU excluding UK; 1961-90 including D_W 2) BE DK DE FR IT NL FI SE UK; 1961-90 including D_W 3) 1961-90 including D_W

108


50. ECU-EUR exchange rates 1)Units of national currency per EUR/ECU

(Annual average, national currency units per EUR 1))

EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- EURO- BEF DEM EEK IEP GRD ESP FRF ITL CYP LVL LTL LUF MTL NLG ATS PTE SIT SKK FIM

1960 1.3091 2.2681 : 0.4790 0.0930 0.3809 0.7950 0.3409 0.6480 : : 1.3091 0.8834 1.8213 1.9957 0.1515 : : 0.5685

1965 1.3260 2.1879 : 0.4851 0.0942 0.3855 0.8052 0.3453 0.6544 : : 1.3260 0.8922 1.7573 2.0214 0.1534 : : 0.5757

1970 1.2670 1.9129 : 0.5408 0.0900 0.4289 0.8656 0.3300 0.7288 : : 1.2670 0.9936 1.6792 1.9315 0.1465 : : 0.7221

1975 1.1296 1.5591 : 0.7108 0.1174 0.4223 0.8109 0.4181 0.7809 : : 1.1296 1.1025 1.4226 1.5659 0.1568 : : 0.7643

1980 1.0064 1.2906 : 0.8583 0.1744 0.5992 0.8947 0.6142 0.7907 : : 1.0064 1.0519 1.2526 1.3058 0.3469 : : 0.8699

1981 1.0237 1.2853 : 0.8774 0.1809 0.6171 0.9208 0.6524 0.7791 : : 1.0237 0.9760 1.2593 1.2874 0.3417 : : 0.80611982 1.1084 1.2148 : 0.8756 0.1918 0.6464 0.9804 0.6837 0.7836 : : 1.1084 0.9276 1.1861 1.2136 0.3891 : : 0.79171983 1.1264 1.1609 : 0.9078 0.2292 0.7663 1.0322 0.6972 0.7440 : : 1.1264 0.8343 1.1513 1.1605 0.4923 : : 0.83221984 1.1265 1.1443 : 0.9218 0.2595 0.7607 1.0476 0.7134 0.7125 : : 1.1265 0.7610 1.1450 1.1435 0.5770 : : 0.79451985 1.1134 1.1383 : 0.9081 0.3103 0.7761 1.0359 0.7478 0.9251 : : 1.1134 0.9665 1.1394 1.1368 0.6497 : : 0.78951986 1.0857 1.0881 : 0.9314 0.4033 0.8261 1.0366 0.7550 0.9427 : : 1.0857 0.9778 1.0895 1.0875 0.7337 : : 0.83751987 1.0670 1.0592 : 0.9846 0.4586 0.8544 1.0563 0.7721 1.0706 : : 1.0670 1.0469 1.0592 1.0589 0.8111 : : 0.85191988 1.0766 1.0606 : 0.9849 0.4918 0.8270 1.0727 0.7940 0.9362 : : 1.0766 0.9014 1.0595 1.0600 0.8483 : : 0.83151989 1.0754 1.0585 : 0.9864 0.5248 0.7838 1.0708 0.7801 1.0125 : : 1.0754 0.9715 1.0597 1.0588 0.8650 : : 0.79441990 1.0517 1.0492 : 0.9749 0.5911 0.7778 1.0541 0.7860 0.9943 : : 1.0517 0.9402 1.0492 1.0494 0.9034 : : 0.8165

1991 1.0467 1.0485 : 0.9749 0.6609 0.7721 1.0631 0.7918 0.9796 : : 1.0467 0.9313 1.0487 1.0487 0.8909 0.1543 : 0.84131992 1.0311 1.0330 1.0016 0.9659 0.7250 0.7965 1.0440 0.8240 0.9973 1.2750 0.6207 1.0311 0.9619 1.0323 1.0332 0.8715 0.4389 : 0.97671993 1.0033 0.9901 0.9896 1.0157 0.7882 0.8963 1.0113 0.9509 0.9960 1.1292 1.4732 1.0033 1.0414 0.9871 0.9901 0.9396 0.5529 1.1960 1.12621994 0.9831 0.9840 0.9838 1.0077 0.8453 0.9551 1.0035 0.9890 0.9977 0.9449 1.3705 0.9831 1.0450 0.9794 0.9840 0.9821 0.6375 1.2653 1.04121995 0.9557 0.9580 0.9577 1.0355 0.8892 0.9796 0.9947 1.1001 1.0108 0.9811 1.5153 0.9557 1.0748 0.9524 0.9580 0.9782 0.6463 1.2901 0.96011996 0.9742 0.9763 0.9761 1.0075 0.8967 0.9661 0.9899 1.0117 1.0113 0.9954 1.4710 0.9742 1.0661 0.9710 0.9763 0.9765 0.7168 1.2920 0.98021997 1.0048 1.0044 1.0042 0.9491 0.9079 0.9970 1.0081 0.9964 0.9951 0.9382 1.3138 1.0048 1.0191 1.0032 1.0046 0.9906 0.7552 1.2651 0.98911998 1.0070 1.0068 1.0065 0.9983 0.9706 1.0048 1.0064 1.0038 0.9899 0.9394 1.2988 1.0070 1.0132 1.0072 1.0068 1.0061 0.7760 1.3125 1.00621999 : : : : 0.9560 : : : 0.9890 0.8902 1.2350 : 0.9918 : : : 0.8115 1.4646 : 2000 : : : : 0.9879 : : : 0.9806 0.7957 1.0702 : 0.9413 : : : 0.8622 1.4141 :

2001 : : : : : : : : 0.9840 0.7969 1.0375 : 0.9387 : : : 0.9096 1.4373 : 2002 : : : : : : : : 0.9830 0.8268 1.0019 : 0.9525 : : : 0.9430 1.4172 : 2003 : : : : : : : : 0.9980 0.9116 1.0000 : 0.9925 : : : 0.9758 1.3772 : 2004 : : : : : : : : 0.9941 0.9465 1.0000 : 0.9970 : : : 0.9977 1.3285 : 2005 : : : : : : : : 0.9856 0.9906 1.0000 : 1.0014 : : : 0.9997 1.2813 : 2006 : : : : : : : : 0.9838 0.9907 1.0000 : 1.0000 : : : 0.9998 1.2359 : 2007 : : : : : : : : 0.9955 0.9961 1.0000 : 1.0000 : : : : 1.1211 : 2008 : : : : : : : : : 0.9998 1.0000 : : : : : : 1.0377 : 2009 : : : : : : : : : 1.0041 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2010 : : : : : : : : : 1.0084 1.0000 : : : : : : : :

2011 : : : : : : : : : 1.0049 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2012 : : : : : : : : : 0.9921 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2013 : : : : : : : : : 0.9981 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2014 : : : : : : : : : : 1.0000 : : : : : : : : 2015 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2016 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2017 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2018 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

109


50. ECU-EUR exchange rates 1)Units of national currency per EUR/ECU

(Annual average, national currency units per EUR 1))

BGN CZK DKK HRK HUF PLN RON SEK GBP ALL EUR MKD RSD TRY JPY USD

1960 : : 7.2954 : : : : 5.464 0.37721 : : : : 0.000 380.23 1.0562

1965 : : 7.3893 : : : : 5.534 0.38207 : : : : 0.000 385.13 1.0698

1970 : : 7.6668 : : : : 5.288 0.42593 : : : : 0.000 368.00 1.0222

1975 : : 7.1227 : : : : 5.141 0.56003 : : : : 0.000 360.73 1.2408

1980 : : 7.8274 : 42.60 0.0061 0.0024 5.881 0.59849 : : : : 0.000 315.04 1.3923

1981 : : 7.9226 : 37.23 0.0109 0.0016 5.635 0.55311 : : : : 0.000 245.38 1.11651982 : : 8.1569 : 35.45 0.0097 0.0015 6.143 0.56045 : : : : 0.000 243.55 0.97971983 : : 8.1319 : 37.99 0.0082 0.0014 6.821 0.58701 : : : : 0.000 211.35 0.89021984 : : 8.1465 : 37.91 0.0089 0.0015 6.511 0.59063 : : : : 0.000 187.09 0.78901985 0.0005 : 8.0188 : 22.27 0.0065 0.0008 6.521 0.58898 : : : : 0.001 180.56 0.76311986 0.0009 : 7.9357 : 43.69 0.0167 0.0015 6.996 0.67154 : : : : 0.001 165.00 0.98421987 0.0013 : 7.8847 : 72.27 0.0408 0.0022 7.310 0.70457 : : : : 0.001 166.60 1.15441988 0.0014 : 7.9515 : 83.35 0.0712 0.0024 7.242 0.66443 : : : : 0.002 151.46 1.18251989 0.0011 : 8.0493 : 78.99 0.1925 0.0020 7.099 0.67330 : : : : 0.003 151.94 1.10181990 0.0045 26.927 7.8565 : 130.52 1.9618 0.0046 7.521 0.71385 : : : : 0.003 183.66 1.2734

1991 0.0339 34.597 7.9086 : 142.20 2.0169 0.0145 7.479 0.70101 : : : : 0.005 166.49 1.23921992 0.0511 36.827 7.8093 : 172.78 2.9748 0.0674 7.533 0.73765 97.40 : : : 0.009 164.22 1.29811993 0.0323 34.169 7.5936 4.1892 107.61 2.1222 0.0886 9.122 0.77999 119.52 : : : 0.013 130.15 1.17101994 0.0644 34.151 7.5433 7.1325 125.03 2.7015 0.1972 9.163 0.77590 112.56 : 51.367 : 0.036 121.32 1.18951995 0.0879 34.696 7.3280 6.8364 164.55 3.1705 0.2662 9.332 0.82879 121.37 : 49.539 : 0.060 123.01 1.30801996 0.2251 34.457 7.3593 6.8966 193.76 3.4223 0.3922 8.515 0.81380 132.69 : 50.749 : 0.103 138.08 1.26981997 1.9016 35.930 7.4836 6.9797 211.65 3.7154 0.8112 8.651 0.69230 168.90 : 56.685 6.70 0.172 137.08 1.13401998 1.9691 36.049 7.4993 7.1279 240.57 3.9165 0.9985 8.916 0.67643 168.88 : 60.985 11.23 0.294 146.42 1.12111999 1.9558 36.884 7.4355 7.5811 252.77 4.2274 1.6345 8.808 0.65874 146.75 : 60.618 12.42 0.447 121.32 1.06582000 1.9477 35.599 7.4538 7.6427 260.04 4.0082 1.9922 8.445 0.60948 132.58 1.0 60.726 58.20 0.575 99.47 0.9236

2001 1.9482 34.068 7.4521 7.4820 256.59 3.6721 2.6004 9.255 0.62187 129.04 1.0 60.913 59.88 1.102 108.68 0.89562002 1.9492 30.804 7.4305 7.4130 242.96 3.8574 3.1270 9.161 0.62883 132.36 1.0 60.979 60.66 1.440 118.06 0.94562003 1.9490 31.846 7.4307 7.5688 253.62 4.3996 3.7551 9.124 0.69199 137.51 1.0 61.263 65.13 1.695 130.97 1.13122004 1.9533 31.891 7.4399 7.4967 251.66 4.5268 4.0510 9.124 0.67866 127.67 1.0 61.337 72.70 1.777 134.44 1.24392005 1.9558 29.782 7.4518 7.4008 248.05 4.0230 3.6209 9.282 0.68380 124.19 1.0 61.297 83.00 1.677 136.85 1.24412006 1.9558 28.342 7.4591 7.3247 264.26 3.8959 3.5258 9.254 0.68173 123.08 1.0 61.190 84.10 1.809 146.02 1.25562007 1.9558 27.766 7.4506 7.3376 251.35 3.7837 3.3353 9.250 0.68434 123.62 1.0 61.185 79.96 1.787 161.25 1.37052008 1.9558 24.946 7.4560 7.2239 251.51 3.5121 3.6826 9.615 0.79628 122.80 1.0 61.265 81.44 1.906 152.45 1.47082009 1.9558 26.435 7.4462 7.3400 280.33 4.3276 4.2399 10.619 0.89094 132.06 1.0 61.276 93.95 2.163 130.34 1.39482010 1.9558 25.284 7.4473 7.2891 275.48 3.9947 4.2122 9.537 0.85784 137.79 1.0 61.519 103.04 1.997 116.24 1.3257

2011 1.9558 24.590 7.4506 7.4390 279.37 4.1206 4.2391 9.030 0.86788 140.33 1.0 61.529 101.96 2.338 110.96 1.39202012 1.9558 25.149 7.4437 7.5217 289.25 4.1847 4.4593 8.704 0.81087 139.04 1.0 61.532 113.02 2.314 102.49 1.28482013 1.9558 25.980 7.4579 7.5786 296.87 4.1975 4.4190 8.652 0.84926 140.27 1.0 61.585 113.10 2.534 129.66 1.32812014 1.9558 27.536 7.4548 7.6344 308.71 4.1843 4.4437 9.099 0.80612 139.97 1.0 61.624 117.25 2.907 140.31 1.32852015 1.9558 27.279 7.4587 7.6137 310.00 4.1841 4.4454 9.353 0.72584 139.71 1.0 61.611 120.74 3.026 134.31 1.10952016 1.9558 27.034 7.4452 7.5333 311.44 4.3632 4.4904 9.469 0.81948 137.33 1.0 61.595 123.10 3.343 120.20 1.10692017 1.9558 26.326 7.4386 7.4637 309.19 4.2570 4.5688 9.635 0.87667 134.13 1.0 61.575 121.40 4.121 126.71 1.12972018 1.9558 25.647 7.4532 7.4182 318.89 4.2615 4.6540 10.258 0.88471 127.56 1.0 61.512 118.27 5.708 130.40 1.1810

111

Money interest rates and exchange rates 51. Conversion rates between the euro and the former national currencies of the Euro-Zone

1 euro =

40.3399 Belgian francs1.95583 German marks15.6466 Estonian kroon

0.787564 Irish pounds340.75 Greek drachma

166.386 Spanish pesetas6.55957 French francs1936.27 Italian lire

0.585274 Cyprus pounds0.702804 Latvian lats

3.4528 Lithuanian litas40.3399 Luxembourg francs0.4293 Malta lira

2.20371 Dutch guilders13.7603 Austrian schillings200.482 Portuguese escudos239.64 Slovenian tolar30.126 Slovak Koruna

5.94573 Finnish marks

112


52. Nominal effective exchange ratesPerformance relative to the rest of 42 industrial countries; double export weights

(2010 = 100)


1993 84.9 75.4 47.0 84.9 70.7 89.4 79.6 77.8 43.5 37.0 26.4 87.7 84.1 84.6 80.8 94.4 124.3 59.0 62.6 61.11994 89.7 82.5 56.0 87.1 73.1 88.8 85.5 81.1 48.0 56.5 30.4 92.6 87.2 89.4 85.0 93.6 120.6 61.5 72.9 69.91995 95.7 90.7 71.9 88.7 77.0 91.4 91.0 76.7 54.7 72.9 37.5 98.6 89.8 95.3 91.4 96.1 128.5 65.8 85.8 78.61996 94.4 89.9 72.2 91.4 79.6 92.9 91.9 85.2 59.8 74.0 40.4 97.2 89.0 94.2 91.0 97.0 116.8 67.1 84.4 80.81997 90.8 86.8 70.2 93.4 82.6 89.3 89.1 86.6 71.5 78.6 46.3 93.7 90.6 90.8 89.7 94.9 112.5 70.5 82.2 77.11998 92.7 90.1 79.7 90.8 83.2 91.0 92.1 89.4 82.1 89.0 56.1 95.0 93.4 92.6 92.7 94.8 115.1 71.4 86.0 82.11999 93.1 91.8 90.9 89.2 89.4 91.9 92.3 90.8 89.3 104.8 70.9 95.4 93.2 93.4 94.5 94.8 115.6 66.2 90.0 84.42000 89.8 87.5 87.6 84.1 84.5 88.9 88.3 87.1 86.6 112.5 79.5 93.0 91.5 90.5 92.1 92.1 107.1 67.4 85.9 77.4

2001 91.0 88.8 89.1 85.2 87.3 90.6 89.7 88.9 88.8 113.6 83.1 93.7 92.4 91.6 92.9 92.9 102.3 66.2 87.6 79.92002 92.4 90.8 90.9 87.2 90.3 92.5 91.7 91.2 91.8 111.5 88.8 94.7 93.9 92.9 94.2 94.1 100.1 67.3 89.9 83.32003 97.2 97.1 95.6 93.9 96.4 97.3 97.4 97.3 96.7 106.5 95.3 97.9 97.7 97.1 98.4 97.9 100.6 71.7 96.3 93.92004 98.6 99.2 97.0 96.3 98.1 98.6 99.1 99.3 98.0 103.5 96.8 98.6 100.0 98.2 99.7 99.0 99.4 75.1 98.4 97.42005 98.0 98.1 96.6 96.0 96.9 97.8 98.3 98.3 98.3 98.1 96.1 98.2 99.0 97.6 98.8 98.5 98.1 76.8 97.5 95.62006 98.0 98.0 96.3 96.2 96.9 97.8 98.3 98.3 98.4 97.6 95.5 98.1 99.4 97.5 98.7 98.5 97.8 79.4 97.2 95.62007 99.4 99.8 97.7 98.7 97.9 99.0 99.9 99.9 98.3 98.0 96.7 98.8 102.4 98.7 99.8 99.6 98.3 87.8 98.9 98.72008 101.4 101.9 99.6 102.8 100.3 101.3 102.3 102.1 101.3 99.5 98.3 100.5 105.2 100.9 101.0 101.4 99.1 95.5 101.4 103.32009 102.9 104.2 104.3 103.8 103.2 103.1 103.8 104.0 103.7 104.4 104.1 102.4 104.8 102.9 103.1 102.4 102.5 102.8 105.1 107.52010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2011 100.4 100.3 99.7 100.9 101.1 100.5 100.4 100.5 100.4 100.6 100.6 100.1 100.5 100.3 100.1 100.4 100.5 100.3 100.1 100.72012 98.1 97.6 97.6 96.9 98.8 98.4 97.6 98.0 97.8 100.0 98.5 98.3 98.2 98.2 98.4 98.6 99.4 99.5 97.0 96.12013 100.3 100.1 99.6 99.7 101.7 100.6 100.1 100.6 100.1 101.9 101.2 100.0 100.7 100.1 100.3 100.3 101.0 100.9 99.9 100.42014 101.4 101.8 103.9 100.1 104.8 101.8 101.4 102.3 100.8 106.5 106.6 101.0 101.9 101.0 101.9 101.1 103.3 102.5 103.1 102.82015 98.5 97.9 106.7 93.6 103.2 98.9 97.5 98.9 96.7 110.4 112.4 99.1 96.7 98.3 99.8 98.4 103.5 101.6 102.1 96.62016 100.5 100.3 109.1 95.5 105.8 101.0 99.6 101.0 98.9 113.7 116.1 100.6 98.2 100.4 101.4 100.1 105.3 103.6 104.5 100.52017 101.7 101.6 108.9 97.4 107.9 102.4 101.0 102.3 100.3 113.0 114.6 101.4 99.9 101.6 102.1 101.2 105.3 104.0 105.2 102.92018 104.1 104.7 112.5 100.0 112.4 105.0 103.8 105.5 103.2 117.1 119.1 103.0 102.5 103.7 104.3 103.1 107.6 105.8 108.8 107.82019 103.2 103.6 112.3 98.2 112.3 104.3 102.8 104.6 101.9 116.7 118.6 102.5 101.1 102.9 103.6 102.3 107.4 105.5 108.0 106.22020 103.1 103.5 112.2 98.1 112.3 104.2 102.7 104.6 101.8 116.6 118.4 102.4 101.0 102.9 103.6 102.3 107.3 105.4 107.9 106.0

1) 1960-1992 including LU 2) Euro area relative to 23 industrial countries (BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK TR CH NO US CA MX JP KR AU NZ CN HK RU BR)

113


52. Nominal effective exchange ratesPerformance relative to the rest of 42 industrial countries; double export weights

(2010 = 100)

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE UK EU-28 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1)

1993 2513.2 52.0 81.4 113.7 177.8 128.7 2730.9 84.2 89.8 54.7 : : : : 10570.4 71.0 78.71994 1470.6 57.6 85.2 71.0 165.5 110.3 1461.4 88.1 95.5 64.5 : : : : 4204.4 83.3 87.51995 1282.4 61.2 91.7 82.1 137.7 101.1 1204.4 90.6 93.7 73.0 : : : : 2686.6 89.3 91.01996 528.2 63.1 91.7 82.3 119.6 95.3 842.6 100.3 96.0 75.7 : : : : 1586.5 78.5 96.21997 65.3 61.5 89.3 83.6 112.2 88.7 418.0 97.0 112.4 74.0 : : : : 956.2 74.7 104.11998 72.3 63.8 92.3 87.0 103.7 90.9 364.2 97.9 119.9 82.3 : : : : 602.7 73.1 113.21999 81.5 65.1 93.3 88.2 102.4 89.0 229.5 99.6 122.1 85.9 : : : : 415.1 85.7 115.42000 81.4 66.1 88.9 86.2 97.4 91.7 185.1 99.3 125.5 78.0 : : : : 307.4 94.1 119.9

2001 87.2 69.5 90.6 89.5 99.9 101.2 147.2 91.7 124.4 80.6 : : : : 166.2 86.3 127.02002 90.8 77.9 92.2 92.1 107.1 97.6 125.2 94.5 126.1 85.8 : : : : 127.9 82.5 127.02003 96.2 78.2 97.2 94.1 106.5 88.7 108.9 101.3 121.9 97.7 : : : : 114.1 84.4 117.82004 97.7 78.7 98.7 96.2 108.4 86.9 102.1 103.7 127.8 104.1 : : : : 111.0 87.1 111.32005 96.2 83.4 97.9 96.6 108.8 97.2 113.2 100.9 125.7 102.0 : : : : 116.5 83.9 107.82006 96.5 87.4 97.8 97.4 101.9 100.1 116.8 101.2 126.2 102.4 : : : : 108.1 77.9 105.62007 97.2 89.6 99.3 98.1 107.7 103.7 124.2 102.9 128.5 108.0 : : : : 110.6 73.8 100.32008 99.3 100.9 101.7 101.1 108.9 113.6 114.2 101.4 112.4 110.2 : : : : 106.5 82.4 97.02009 103.0 98.0 104.6 102.2 100.8 94.8 101.9 93.6 100.3 107.9 : : : : 95.9 95.4 103.92010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : : : 100.0 100.0 100.0

2011 101.4 103.2 99.7 98.6 99.1 97.3 100.5 106.1 99.3 101.0 : : : : 85.8 106.0 95.42012 100.2 99.5 96.8 95.8 94.4 94.1 94.1 106.9 103.2 96.0 : : : : 84.0 107.5 98.72013 102.3 97.8 99.1 97.0 93.4 95.6 96.9 110.5 101.0 100.7 : : : : 78.9 87.1 100.12014 105.1 93.6 101.0 99.0 91.3 98.0 98.4 106.9 108.0 105.2 : : : : 69.9 81.0 103.42015 104.2 93.6 98.4 99.6 90.2 97.7 97.7 101.5 114.5 99.1 : : : : 65.5 76.4 119.12016 106.7 96.2 100.6 102.7 91.3 95.4 98.6 102.6 102.9 100.6 : : : : 60.5 87.8 124.72017 108.8 99.4 101.9 103.9 92.5 98.5 98.0 101.8 97.2 102.1 : : : : 49.4 84.9 124.32018 113.4 104.0 104.6 107.4 91.6 100.6 98.9 98.0 99.1 108.4 : : : : 37.0 85.4 123.62019 113.9 103.5 103.6 106.9 90.9 99.6 96.7 95.5 100.2 106.5 : : : : 32.4 86.5 126.82020 113.9 103.5 103.5 106.8 90.7 99.6 96.6 95.4 100.5 106.4 : : : : 31.9 86.3 126.8

1) EU-28 relative to 14 industrial countries (TR CH NO US CA MX JP KR AU NZ CN HK RU BR)

114

General government (% of GDP at market prices)

53. Taxes linked to imports and production (indirect taxes)ESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.0 :

1980 : : : : : : 14.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 15.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.0 :

1990 : 14.9 14.7

1991 : 9.9 : : : : 14.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.8 : 1992 : 9.9 : : : : 14.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.5 : 1993 : 10.2 : : : : 14.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.2 : 1994 : 10.7 : : : : 15.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.2 : 1995 12.2 10.3 13.0 13.9 12.3 10.1 15.6 11.7 10.9 13.0 12.0 11.2 12.1 10.4 14.6 13.2 15.1 14.2 13.6 12.11996 12.6 10.2 13.3 14.1 12.6 10.2 16.2 11.6 10.6 12.5 11.6 11.1 11.4 10.7 14.9 13.5 15.4 13.5 13.7 12.21997 12.8 10.2 13.6 13.7 12.7 10.6 16.2 12.0 9.8 13.4 13.5 11.8 11.9 10.7 15.2 13.2 15.0 12.9 14.3 12.31998 12.8 10.3 12.5 13.5 12.4 11.2 16.1 14.8 10.3 14.2 13.8 12.5 10.9 10.8 15.1 13.7 15.6 12.7 14.0 12.91999 13.1 10.8 11.8 13.2 13.0 11.6 16.0 14.6 9.9 13.4 13.7 12.6 12.0 11.3 15.2 14.0 16.2 12.3 13.9 13.12000 13.0 10.7 12.4 13.0 13.1 11.5 15.4 14.4 11.5 12.3 12.5 13.2 12.0 11.1 14.8 13.5 15.5 12.5 13.4 12.9

2001 12.5 10.6 12.5 12.0 12.7 11.1 15.0 14.1 11.9 11.9 12.2 12.8 12.5 11.6 14.7 13.5 15.2 11.3 12.9 12.62002 12.6 10.5 12.7 11.9 12.8 11.1 15.0 14.1 12.1 11.2 12.4 12.3 12.3 11.5 14.8 14.0 15.5 11.5 13.2 12.62003 12.6 10.7 12.2 12.1 12.1 11.4 14.9 13.7 14.3 11.9 11.6 12.4 12.2 11.5 14.7 14.5 15.7 12.0 13.7 12.62004 12.7 10.3 12.8 12.6 11.6 11.8 15.1 13.7 14.9 11.7 11.2 13.2 13.3 11.6 14.6 13.8 15.4 12.2 13.2 12.62005 12.8 10.3 12.6 13.1 11.9 12.2 15.3 13.9 15.0 12.3 11.2 13.4 14.1 11.7 14.3 14.5 15.4 12.4 13.3 12.82006 12.8 10.3 13.3 13.6 12.2 12.3 15.1 14.5 15.6 12.6 11.3 12.6 14.3 11.8 13.9 14.8 14.8 11.1 13.2 12.92007 12.7 10.7 13.3 13.1 12.6 11.5 14.9 14.4 17.0 12.0 11.6 12.9 14.1 11.5 13.7 14.4 14.4 11.0 12.7 12.82008 12.5 10.7 12.1 12.0 12.6 9.7 14.7 13.6 16.4 10.8 11.6 12.3 13.8 11.3 13.9 14.0 13.9 10.3 12.4 12.32009 12.5 11.2 14.5 10.8 11.7 8.5 14.9 13.4 14.1 11.2 11.6 12.4 13.3 11.1 14.3 12.6 13.6 10.4 12.9 12.32010 12.8 10.8 13.7 10.8 12.6 10.2 14.7 14.0 14.3 12.3 11.8 12.2 13.7 11.0 14.3 13.2 14.1 10.0 12.9 12.4

2011 12.7 10.9 13.4 10.4 13.5 10.0 15.1 14.1 13.6 12.2 11.6 12.3 13.5 10.8 14.3 13.9 14.0 10.4 13.8 12.62012 13.1 10.9 13.8 10.5 13.9 10.4 15.3 15.3 13.9 12.6 11.2 12.8 13.1 10.6 14.6 13.9 14.5 9.9 14.1 12.92013 13.1 10.8 13.3 10.7 14.4 11.2 15.5 14.9 13.6 13.0 11.0 12.9 12.9 10.9 14.5 13.7 15.0 10.3 14.4 13.02014 13.0 10.7 13.7 10.9 15.7 11.5 15.7 15.3 14.8 13.3 11.2 13.1 13.0 11.3 14.3 14.2 14.8 10.6 14.4 13.12015 12.9 10.7 14.2 8.6 16.1 11.8 15.8 15.0 14.7 13.6 11.6 12.0 12.2 11.1 14.3 14.5 14.7 10.7 14.1 13.02016 13.0 10.6 14.6 8.7 17.2 11.6 15.9 14.3 14.8 14.2 11.7 11.9 12.2 11.5 14.3 14.7 14.6 10.6 14.4 12.92017 13.0 10.5 14.2 8.4 17.0 11.6 16.2 14.4 15.6 13.9 11.6 11.9 12.4 11.5 14.1 14.9 14.3 10.9 14.1 12.92018 13.2 10.5 13.9 8.0 16.9 11.7 16.5 14.4 15.9 14.1 11.6 12.1 12.9 11.7 13.8 15.3 14.1 10.9 14.2 13.02019 13.2 10.5 14.2 8.2 16.2 11.8 16.5 14.6 15.3 14.3 11.6 12.0 12.9 12.2 13.7 15.4 14.0 11.0 14.0 13.02020 13.2 10.4 14.1 8.0 15.8 11.7 16.5 14.4 15.3 14.4 11.6 12.0 13.0 12.3 13.6 15.5 14.0 10.8 13.8 13.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

115


53. Taxes linked to imports and production (indirect taxes); general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 2)

1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.0

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 7.1

1990 : : : : : : : : : 10.6 : : : : : : 7.7 7.1

1991 : : : : : : : : : 11.1 : : : : : : 7.1 7.41992 : : : : : : : : : 11.2 : : : : : : 7.6 7.41993 : : : : : : : : : 10.9 : : : : : : 7.3 7.31994 : : : : : : : : : 11.1 : : : : : : 6.5 7.51995 8.5 11.4 16.3 : 17.2 14.2 9.3 21.5 : 11.4 : : : : : : 6.6 7.31996 9.1 11.2 16.7 : 16.6 14.4 8.8 22.3 : 11.4 : : : : : : 6.6 7.21997 9.6 10.7 16.9 : 15.1 14.0 9.1 21.9 : 11.6 : : : : : : 6.9 7.11998 12.1 10.3 17.9 : 15.3 13.3 11.4 24.3 : 11.8 : : : : : : 7.3 7.11999 13.0 10.8 17.8 : 16.0 13.7 12.2 24.1 : 12.2 : : : : : : 7.6 7.02000 13.5 10.5 16.7 : 16.3 12.9 11.9 22.6 : 12.3 : : : : : : 7.3 6.9

2001 13.2 10.2 16.8 19.7 15.2 13.0 11.4 22.7 13.1 12.1 12.9 : : : : : 7.3 6.92002 12.4 10.1 17.0 19.7 14.8 13.6 11.6 23.0 13.1 12.1 12.9 : : : : : 7.3 6.92003 14.3 10.2 16.9 19.4 15.5 13.6 12.6 22.8 13.1 12.0 12.9 : : : : : 7.2 7.02004 15.9 10.9 17.1 18.8 15.9 13.5 11.9 22.3 13.1 12.0 12.9 : : : : : 7.2 7.12005 16.2 10.8 17.4 18.5 15.3 13.8 13.0 22.5 13.3 11.6 13.0 : : : : : 7.2 7.22006 16.8 10.3 17.3 18.5 14.8 14.1 12.9 22.0 13.3 11.6 13.0 : : : : : 7.2 7.22007 16.0 10.6 17.5 18.2 15.6 14.4 12.1 22.0 13.3 11.6 13.0 : : : : : 7.0 7.22008 16.7 10.4 16.5 18.0 15.4 14.4 11.2 22.3 12.8 11.2 12.6 : : : : : 7.1 7.12009 14.3 10.8 16.3 17.2 16.3 12.8 10.2 22.6 12.7 10.8 12.4 : : : : 11.9 7.2 7.12010 14.1 11.1 16.2 17.6 17.4 13.8 11.9 22.2 12.9 12.0 12.8 : : : : 13.2 7.2 7.1

2011 13.7 11.9 16.3 17.2 17.2 13.9 13.1 21.9 13.1 12.6 13.0 : : : : 13.1 7.4 7.12012 14.8 12.4 16.3 18.1 18.5 13.0 13.1 22.2 13.4 12.5 13.3 : : : : 12.8 7.3 7.02013 15.4 12.7 16.4 18.6 18.4 12.9 12.7 22.1 13.5 12.6 13.3 : : : : 13.4 7.3 7.12014 14.7 11.8 16.2 18.5 18.3 12.8 12.7 21.8 13.5 12.7 13.4 : : : : 12.5 8.0 7.12015 15.4 12.2 16.3 19.1 18.7 12.8 13.2 21.8 13.5 12.7 13.3 : : : : 12.8 8.4 7.02016 15.4 12.3 16.2 19.3 18.1 13.5 11.3 22.5 13.4 12.8 13.3 : : : : 12.8 8.4 7.02017 15.0 12.4 16.0 19.6 18.0 13.8 10.3 22.5 13.4 13.0 13.4 : : : : 12.3 8.3 6.92018 14.8 12.4 16.2 20.1 18.3 14.1 10.4 22.5 13.5 13.1 13.4 : : : : 11.9 8.4 7.02019 14.8 12.2 16.0 19.9 18.2 14.0 10.4 22.3 13.5 13.1 13.4 : : 12.5 : 12.0 8.4 7.02020 14.7 12.0 15.8 19.6 18.1 14.3 10.4 22.2 13.4 13.1 13.4 : : 12.8 : 12.1 8.7 7.0

1) EU excluding UK 2) SNA 2008

116


54. Current taxes on income and wealth (direct taxes); general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 16.0 :

1980 : : : : : : 7.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 7.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.2 :

1990 : 7.8 17.0

1991 : 12.1 : : : : 7.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.1 : 1992 : 12.5 : : : : 7.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.1 : 1993 : 12.1 : : : : 7.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.3 : 1994 : 11.7 : : : : 8.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.7 : 1995 15.9 11.7 10.8 13.2 6.6 9.7 8.0 13.9 7.8 6.5 8.4 14.7 8.2 11.4 12.1 8.1 6.7 10.6 16.8 11.21996 15.9 11.6 9.2 13.7 6.4 10.0 8.6 14.5 7.6 6.6 8.0 14.9 6.7 11.8 13.0 8.7 7.2 9.5 18.4 11.51997 16.4 11.3 9.2 13.7 7.1 9.9 9.1 15.2 7.7 7.2 8.7 15.4 8.0 11.2 13.6 8.8 7.2 9.0 17.9 11.71998 16.9 11.6 10.3 13.4 8.5 9.8 11.2 13.7 8.5 7.5 9.0 15.3 7.5 10.9 13.8 8.5 7.1 8.8 18.3 12.01999 16.5 12.1 9.7 13.9 8.9 9.8 11.8 14.3 9.3 7.4 9.1 14.1 8.5 10.8 13.4 9.0 7.1 8.9 17.8 12.32000 16.6 12.4 7.7 13.8 9.8 10.0 11.8 13.8 9.7 7.2 8.4 14.2 8.9 10.7 13.2 9.4 7.2 7.3 20.5 12.4

2001 16.8 10.9 7.2 12.7 8.6 9.8 12.1 14.1 9.8 7.5 7.8 14.4 9.5 10.6 14.9 9.0 7.3 7.4 18.3 12.02002 16.7 10.5 7.5 12.1 8.9 10.3 11.2 13.4 9.7 7.6 7.4 14.6 10.7 10.6 13.8 8.9 7.6 6.9 18.2 11.62003 16.2 10.4 8.1 12.5 8.1 9.8 10.9 12.8 8.1 7.2 7.9 14.4 11.0 9.9 13.6 8.2 7.8 7.0 17.1 11.22004 16.2 10.2 7.9 12.9 8.1 10.2 11.1 12.8 6.7 7.6 8.7 12.7 10.4 9.7 13.4 8.1 8.0 6.4 17.0 11.22005 16.3 10.5 6.9 12.8 9.0 10.8 11.3 12.8 7.8 7.5 8.9 13.7 10.9 10.6 12.9 8.0 8.5 6.3 16.9 11.52006 16.1 11.3 7.0 13.6 8.3 11.6 11.8 13.8 9.2 7.9 9.5 13.0 11.3 10.7 12.8 8.3 9.0 6.4 16.8 12.02007 15.9 11.7 7.4 13.2 8.3 12.8 11.7 14.5 11.9 8.3 9.1 13.1 12.6 11.0 13.2 9.2 9.0 6.4 17.0 12.42008 16.1 12.0 7.7 12.2 8.1 10.5 11.9 14.7 11.1 9.1 9.2 13.8 12.1 10.7 13.8 9.3 8.7 6.7 16.8 12.32009 14.9 11.2 7.4 11.8 8.5 9.4 10.7 14.1 9.6 7.0 5.9 14.2 13.0 10.8 12.6 8.6 8.1 5.8 15.5 11.42010 15.3 10.6 6.6 11.7 8.3 9.3 11.2 14.1 9.4 7.4 4.6 14.3 12.2 11.0 12.7 8.5 8.0 5.6 15.4 11.4

2011 15.8 11.1 6.3 12.2 9.2 9.5 11.7 13.9 10.1 7.3 4.3 13.9 12.4 10.5 12.8 9.5 7.8 5.7 15.9 11.72012 16.1 11.6 6.6 12.7 10.8 10.2 12.4 14.9 9.9 7.7 4.8 14.2 13.0 10.0 13.1 9.0 7.5 5.8 15.6 12.22013 16.7 12.0 7.2 12.7 10.5 10.3 12.9 15.0 10.3 7.7 5.0 14.2 13.6 9.9 13.4 11.4 7.0 6.4 16.2 12.62014 16.8 12.0 7.4 12.7 9.7 10.2 12.7 14.6 10.3 7.8 5.0 13.6 13.6 10.5 13.7 11.0 7.2 6.8 16.4 12.52015 16.5 12.2 7.8 10.6 9.5 10.1 12.7 14.7 9.9 7.9 5.4 14.5 12.8 11.3 14.2 10.9 7.2 7.3 16.6 12.52016 16.2 12.6 7.5 10.6 10.0 9.9 12.5 14.7 9.5 8.4 5.6 15.0 13.4 11.5 12.9 10.2 7.5 7.3 16.5 12.52017 16.8 12.9 7.2 10.4 9.8 10.2 12.8 14.5 9.3 8.5 5.4 15.4 13.9 12.7 13.0 10.1 7.5 7.3 16.6 12.82018 17.1 13.1 7.5 10.9 10.1 10.7 13.3 14.2 9.3 7.3 5.7 16.7 13.4 12.5 13.5 10.4 7.8 7.3 16.0 13.02019 16.3 13.2 7.3 10.6 9.9 10.6 13.3 14.1 9.2 6.7 8.3 16.5 14.0 12.9 13.5 10.2 7.9 7.4 16.2 13.02020 16.2 13.2 7.2 10.6 9.8 10.7 13.4 13.9 9.1 6.7 8.3 16.8 14.1 12.4 13.5 10.3 7.9 7.4 16.2 12.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

117


54. Current taxes on income and wealth (direct taxes); general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.5

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.5

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 13.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.6 11.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : 14.2 : : : : : : 12.8 12.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : 13.4 : : : : : : 12.9 11.41992 : : : : : : : : : 12.8 : : : : : : 12.2 11.41993 : : : : : : : : : 11.9 : : : : : : 11.0 11.71994 : : : : : : : : : 12.3 : : : : : : 10.8 11.81995 6.1 9.0 29.9 : 8.4 11.3 10.6 18.8 : 13.0 : : : : : : 10.4 12.31996 7.4 7.9 29.8 : 9.0 10.8 9.8 19.7 : 12.7 : : : : : : 10.3 13.01997 8.3 8.3 29.5 : 8.7 10.6 10.4 20.1 : 13.1 : : : : : : 10.4 13.41998 7.3 7.9 29.1 : 8.6 10.5 8.4 19.9 : 14.4 : : : : : : 8.9 13.81999 7.4 8.0 29.2 : 9.2 7.6 7.8 20.6 : 14.5 : : : : : : 8.8 13.92000 6.7 7.7 29.3 : 9.6 7.1 7.2 21.3 : 15.0 : : : : : : 9.3 14.4

2001 7.3 8.1 28.3 7.8 9.9 6.4 6.4 19.6 12.3 14.9 12.8 : : : : : 9.4 13.42002 6.1 8.5 28.1 6.0 9.9 6.6 5.8 18.4 11.9 14.1 12.3 : : : : : 8.4 11.12003 5.9 8.9 28.4 5.9 9.3 6.3 6.2 19.0 11.6 13.9 12.0 : : : : : 8.0 10.72004 5.6 8.9 29.0 5.9 8.8 6.3 6.5 19.7 11.6 14.5 12.1 : : : : : 8.2 10.92005 4.5 8.6 30.3 6.1 8.7 6.8 5.4 20.9 11.9 15.2 12.5 : : : : : 9.0 12.32006 4.6 8.6 28.8 6.8 9.1 7.3 6.0 21.1 12.4 15.4 12.9 : : : : : 9.8 13.02007 7.2 8.8 28.6 7.3 10.0 8.3 6.6 20.1 12.7 15.5 13.2 : : : : : 10.3 13.12008 5.8 7.8 27.9 7.1 10.3 8.4 6.4 18.7 12.5 15.2 12.9 : : : : : 9.7 12.12009 5.3 7.1 28.3 7.1 9.6 7.2 5.9 18.5 11.7 14.7 12.1 : : : : 6.4 8.4 9.42010 4.8 6.8 28.5 6.6 7.8 6.7 5.8 18.1 11.6 14.8 12.1 : : : : 6.2 8.2 10.1

2011 4.6 7.0 28.4 6.4 6.3 6.7 6.1 17.6 11.9 14.7 12.3 : : : : 6.1 8.6 11.22012 4.7 6.9 29.2 6.3 6.8 7.0 5.8 17.4 12.4 14.0 12.6 : : : : 6.2 8.9 11.42013 5.1 7.2 30.2 6.5 6.6 6.7 5.9 17.8 12.7 13.9 12.9 : : : : 5.8 9.6 12.22014 5.4 7.3 33.2 6.3 6.8 6.8 6.2 17.8 12.7 13.5 12.8 : : : : 6.0 10.0 12.62015 5.4 7.2 30.6 6.1 6.9 6.9 6.6 18.4 12.7 13.7 12.9 : : : : 5.8 9.9 12.92016 5.4 7.6 29.8 6.5 7.4 7.1 6.4 18.8 12.7 14.0 12.9 : : : : 6.0 9.7 12.62017 5.8 7.7 30.0 6.3 7.4 7.3 6.1 18.9 12.9 14.2 13.1 : : : : 5.9 10.1 12.32018 5.9 7.9 29.0 6.4 6.9 7.8 4.9 18.7 13.0 14.3 13.2 : : : : 5.8 10.1 11.22019 5.9 8.0 29.1 6.4 7.0 7.9 5.1 18.4 13.0 14.4 13.2 : : 5.0 : 5.7 10.2 11.32020 5.9 8.1 29.2 6.4 7.0 7.6 5.1 18.1 13.0 14.6 13.2 : : 5.1 : 5.7 10.2 11.4


118


55. Net social contributions; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.4 :

1980 : : : : : : 18.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 10.6 :

1985 : : : : : : 20.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.1 :

1990 : 19.6 12.5

1991 : 16.3 : : : : 19.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.2 : 1992 : 16.7 : : : : 19.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.1 : 1993 : 17.2 : : : : 20.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.6 : 1994 : 17.7 : : : : 19.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.3 : 1995 16.0 18.1 12.3 6.0 10.4 12.4 19.9 14.1 6.1 11.0 7.2 11.3 7.2 15.8 16.1 9.9 16.7 14.8 14.3 16.61996 16.0 18.7 11.6 5.7 10.4 12.5 20.0 14.4 6.2 10.3 7.7 11.1 7.3 15.3 16.2 9.8 14.9 15.7 13.8 16.71997 15.9 19.0 11.4 5.3 10.6 12.6 19.6 14.5 6.3 10.2 9.0 11.1 7.7 15.1 16.1 10.0 14.1 14.7 12.9 16.61998 15.9 18.7 11.2 5.0 10.8 12.5 17.5 12.2 6.4 10.1 10.0 11.4 7.3 14.8 15.9 10.2 14.2 14.7 12.6 15.61999 15.9 18.5 11.1 4.9 11.0 12.6 17.7 12.2 6.2 10.6 10.1 11.1 7.3 15.3 15.9 10.1 14.0 13.9 12.5 15.62000 15.4 18.1 11.0 4.9 11.6 12.6 17.4 11.8 6.1 10.0 10.2 11.0 7.4 15.1 15.5 10.5 14.2 14.0 11.8 15.3

2001 15.7 17.8 10.7 5.0 11.7 12.7 17.4 11.8 6.3 9.3 9.7 11.7 7.8 13.6 15.5 10.7 14.4 14.2 11.8 15.12002 16.0 17.8 11.1 4.9 12.6 12.7 17.5 12.0 6.2 9.2 9.4 11.8 7.7 13.2 15.3 11.0 14.2 14.5 11.6 15.12003 15.9 18.0 10.7 5.0 12.5 12.7 17.8 12.1 6.4 8.6 9.2 12.0 7.4 13.7 15.3 11.5 14.1 13.8 11.5 15.22004 15.5 17.6 10.4 5.1 12.1 12.7 17.6 12.2 7.0 8.5 9.4 11.9 7.4 13.8 15.2 11.3 14.2 13.1 11.4 15.02005 15.3 17.4 10.3 5.1 12.3 12.6 17.7 12.2 7.5 8.1 9.2 11.9 7.4 12.9 14.9 11.6 14.2 12.6 11.6 14.92006 15.2 16.9 10.1 5.2 11.9 12.6 17.8 11.9 7.1 8.3 9.4 11.2 7.2 13.5 14.7 11.5 14.0 11.7 11.9 14.72007 15.3 16.1 10.5 5.4 12.4 12.6 17.6 12.6 6.8 8.1 9.4 11.2 6.9 13.0 14.4 11.3 13.7 11.7 11.6 14.52008 15.8 16.1 11.6 5.9 12.7 12.7 17.6 13.0 7.0 8.4 9.9 11.7 7.0 13.8 14.5 11.6 14.0 11.8 11.6 14.72009 16.4 16.9 13.1 6.0 12.4 12.9 18.3 13.5 7.8 9.6 13.1 12.8 7.1 13.2 14.9 12.1 14.9 12.6 12.3 15.22010 16.1 16.5 13.0 5.7 13.1 12.8 18.1 13.3 8.0 8.9 12.1 12.2 6.9 13.5 14.8 11.9 15.2 12.3 12.2 15.1

2011 16.3 16.4 11.8 6.1 13.2 12.9 18.3 13.2 7.9 8.8 11.5 12.1 7.1 14.2 14.8 12.0 15.0 12.3 12.2 15.12012 16.6 16.5 11.4 5.6 13.9 12.7 18.5 13.4 7.7 8.9 11.2 12.6 7.0 15.1 14.8 11.4 15.3 12.5 12.8 15.32013 16.8 16.5 11.2 5.8 13.5 12.5 18.8 13.4 7.5 8.7 11.1 12.4 6.9 15.3 15.2 12.0 14.9 13.5 12.7 15.42014 16.7 16.4 11.1 5.6 13.5 12.5 19.0 13.2 8.2 8.7 11.4 11.9 6.6 15.2 15.2 11.8 14.6 13.6 12.8 15.42015 16.5 16.4 11.3 4.3 13.8 12.2 18.8 13.3 8.4 8.7 11.9 12.1 6.2 14.5 15.1 11.6 14.7 14.0 12.8 15.22016 15.9 16.6 11.4 4.4 14.1 12.2 18.7 13.1 8.4 8.6 12.5 12.2 6.2 15.2 15.2 11.6 14.8 14.3 12.9 15.22017 15.9 16.7 11.4 4.3 14.4 12.3 18.8 13.1 8.7 8.7 12.6 12.5 6.2 14.3 15.2 11.7 14.8 14.8 12.2 15.22018 15.8 16.9 11.9 4.2 14.3 12.4 18.0 13.4 8.9 9.3 13.1 12.4 6.2 14.5 15.2 11.8 14.8 14.8 12.0 15.22019 15.9 17.1 12.0 4.2 13.9 12.5 16.8 13.5 11.0 9.4 10.1 12.4 6.1 14.1 15.1 11.9 15.0 14.8 11.9 15.02020 15.9 17.0 12.1 4.2 13.5 12.5 16.7 13.5 12.3 9.4 10.3 12.5 6.1 14.3 14.8 11.9 15.0 14.7 12.1 14.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

119


55. Net social contributions; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.9

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.6 6.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : 6.3 : : : : : : 7.9 6.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : 6.4 : : : : : : 8.1 7.01992 : : : : : : : : : 6.4 : : : : : : 8.2 7.01993 : : : : : : : : : 6.3 : : : : : : 8.4 7.01994 : : : : : : : : : 6.4 : : : : : : 8.6 7.01995 6.8 14.2 1.7 : 14.6 12.2 7.9 5.9 : 6.4 : : : : : : 9.0 7.01996 6.8 14.2 1.7 : 13.7 12.5 7.5 6.5 : 6.3 : : : : : : 9.1 6.91997 7.7 14.5 1.6 : 13.9 12.7 7.2 6.8 : 6.4 : : : : : : 9.4 6.91998 8.1 14.3 1.6 : 13.6 12.6 9.5 4.7 : 6.5 : : : : : : 9.5 6.91999 9.9 14.3 2.2 : 13.0 14.7 11.4 4.5 : 6.7 : : : : : : 9.6 6.92000 10.6 14.4 2.4 : 13.1 14.0 11.4 5.1 : 6.8 : : : : : : 9.4 6.9

2001 9.7 14.3 2.3 11.1 12.8 14.6 11.3 4.7 14.4 6.9 13.0 : : : : : 9.9 7.02002 9.4 14.8 1.7 11.9 12.7 14.0 11.1 3.9 14.3 6.8 13.0 : : : : : 10.1 6.92003 10.2 15.0 1.7 11.8 12.5 13.8 10.2 3.9 14.4 7.1 13.2 : : : : : 10.4 6.82004 10.0 14.8 1.6 11.8 12.1 13.2 9.8 3.8 14.2 7.4 13.0 : : : : : 10.0 6.82005 9.5 14.8 1.5 11.6 12.3 13.3 10.3 3.5 14.1 7.6 12.9 : : : : : 10.2 6.72006 8.1 14.9 1.4 11.5 12.4 13.1 10.4 3.2 13.9 7.5 12.8 : : : : : 10.5 6.72007 7.7 15.0 1.4 11.5 13.5 12.8 10.3 3.2 13.7 7.5 12.6 : : : : : 10.6 6.72008 7.4 14.9 1.3 11.7 13.5 12.2 9.6 3.3 13.9 7.7 12.9 : : : : : 11.1 6.82009 7.2 14.2 1.4 12.1 12.9 12.1 9.7 3.4 14.3 7.8 13.4 : : : : 6.3 11.4 6.72010 6.6 14.6 1.3 11.8 11.9 11.9 9.4 3.2 14.1 7.7 13.2 : : : : 6.3 11.4 6.6

2011 6.7 14.7 1.3 11.6 13.0 12.2 9.1 3.4 14.2 7.7 13.2 : : : : 7.0 12.0 5.92012 6.8 14.8 1.2 11.4 13.0 13.0 8.8 3.4 14.3 7.6 13.3 : : : : 7.2 12.3 5.92013 7.5 14.8 1.1 11.2 12.9 13.4 8.6 3.4 14.4 7.5 13.4 : : : : 7.4 12.4 6.62014 7.9 14.6 1.0 11.8 12.9 13.2 8.5 3.4 14.4 7.4 13.3 : : : : 7.5 12.5 6.62015 7.9 14.4 1.0 12.0 13.1 13.5 8.1 3.3 14.2 7.5 13.1 : : : : 7.7 12.5 6.62016 7.8 14.7 0.9 11.9 13.6 13.8 8.8 3.3 14.3 7.7 13.2 : : : : 7.9 12.8 6.72017 8.4 15.0 0.9 11.9 12.8 13.9 9.4 3.3 14.3 7.8 13.3 : : : : 7.4 12.9 6.72018 8.8 15.7 0.9 12.0 12.2 14.1 11.4 3.4 14.3 7.9 13.3 : : : : 7.3 13.1 6.72019 8.9 16.1 0.9 11.9 12.0 14.3 11.9 3.4 14.1 7.9 13.2 : : 8.7 : 7.3 13.1 6.72020 9.0 16.2 0.9 11.9 11.8 14.3 12.2 3.5 14.1 7.9 13.1 : : 9.0 : 7.2 13.1 6.7


120


56. Actual social contributions received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 17.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 9.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 18.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 9.4 :

1990 : 18.1 11.7

1991 : 15.4 : : : : 18.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.0 : 1992 : 15.8 : : : : 18.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.9 : 1993 : 16.3 : : : : 18.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.4 : 1994 : 16.6 : : : : 18.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.1 : 1995 14.0 16.8 12.2 4.3 9.0 11.5 18.2 12.5 6.1 11.0 7.2 9.5 6.0 14.7 14.8 7.7 16.5 14.7 14.1 15.21996 14.0 17.4 11.6 4.0 9.1 11.7 18.2 14.0 6.2 10.3 7.7 9.5 6.0 14.2 14.9 7.5 14.7 15.6 13.6 15.51997 13.8 17.6 11.3 3.8 9.3 11.7 17.8 14.1 6.3 10.2 9.0 9.6 6.4 14.0 14.8 7.7 13.9 14.7 12.7 15.41998 13.9 17.4 11.2 3.6 9.5 11.6 15.7 11.8 6.4 10.1 10.0 9.9 6.0 13.8 14.7 7.7 14.0 14.6 12.5 14.41999 13.8 17.1 11.0 3.6 9.6 11.7 15.9 11.9 6.2 10.3 10.1 9.7 6.0 14.3 14.7 7.8 13.8 13.8 12.4 14.42000 13.4 16.9 10.9 3.6 10.1 11.8 15.7 11.4 6.1 9.8 10.2 9.7 6.3 14.3 14.4 7.9 13.9 14.0 11.7 14.1

2001 13.6 16.6 10.7 3.8 10.2 11.9 15.7 11.5 6.3 9.1 9.7 10.4 6.4 12.7 14.3 8.2 14.2 14.1 11.8 14.02002 13.8 16.6 11.0 3.7 11.1 11.9 15.8 11.7 6.2 9.0 9.4 10.5 6.3 12.3 14.2 8.2 14.0 14.4 11.6 14.02003 13.8 16.8 10.6 3.7 11.0 11.9 16.0 11.9 6.4 8.4 9.2 10.7 6.1 12.8 14.2 8.5 13.9 13.7 11.5 14.12004 13.5 16.4 10.3 3.8 10.5 11.9 15.8 12.0 7.0 8.3 9.1 10.6 6.0 12.9 14.1 8.1 13.9 13.0 11.4 13.92005 13.2 16.1 10.2 3.8 10.7 11.9 15.9 12.0 7.5 7.9 8.9 10.6 6.0 12.1 14.0 8.2 14.0 12.5 11.6 13.72006 13.2 15.7 10.0 3.9 10.3 11.9 16.1 11.7 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.0 5.8 13.0 13.9 8.1 13.8 11.6 11.9 13.62007 13.3 14.9 10.4 4.1 10.7 11.9 15.8 12.4 6.8 7.9 9.1 10.0 5.6 12.5 13.6 8.1 13.5 11.5 11.6 13.42008 13.7 14.9 11.4 4.4 10.7 12.0 15.8 12.8 7.0 8.0 9.5 10.5 5.7 13.3 13.8 8.4 13.8 11.7 11.6 13.62009 14.2 15.6 12.9 5.2 10.2 12.1 16.4 13.2 7.8 9.3 12.6 11.5 5.7 12.6 14.2 8.5 14.6 12.4 12.3 14.12010 13.8 15.3 12.8 5.0 10.9 12.0 16.2 13.1 8.0 8.7 11.8 10.9 5.6 12.9 14.1 8.6 14.9 12.1 12.2 13.9

2011 14.0 15.1 11.6 5.3 10.7 12.0 16.4 13.0 7.9 8.7 11.1 10.9 5.9 13.6 14.1 8.9 14.7 12.1 12.2 14.02012 14.2 15.3 11.2 4.8 10.9 11.9 16.6 13.1 7.7 8.7 10.8 11.3 5.8 14.5 14.2 8.7 14.9 12.4 12.8 14.22013 14.4 15.3 11.0 5.0 10.7 11.7 16.9 13.2 7.5 8.5 10.9 11.2 5.7 14.7 14.6 8.9 14.5 13.3 12.7 14.32014 14.3 15.2 10.9 4.9 10.4 11.8 17.0 13.0 8.2 8.4 11.1 10.7 5.5 14.6 14.6 9.0 14.3 13.4 12.8 14.32015 14.3 15.3 11.1 3.9 10.6 11.5 16.8 13.0 8.4 8.3 11.6 10.8 5.2 13.9 14.6 9.0 14.4 13.7 12.8 14.12016 13.7 15.4 11.2 3.9 10.9 11.5 16.8 12.8 8.4 8.3 12.1 10.8 5.2 14.7 14.6 9.1 14.5 14.1 12.9 14.12017 13.6 15.6 11.2 3.9 11.5 11.6 16.9 12.8 8.7 8.4 12.3 11.2 5.3 13.8 14.7 9.2 14.5 14.5 12.2 14.22018 13.5 15.8 11.6 3.9 11.6 11.8 16.2 13.1 8.9 9.0 12.7 11.0 5.4 14.0 14.8 9.5 14.5 14.6 12.0 14.12019 13.6 15.9 11.8 3.9 11.3 12.0 15.0 13.2 11.0 9.1 9.9 11.1 5.3 13.6 14.7 9.5 14.7 14.6 11.9 13.92020 13.6 15.9 11.8 3.9 11.0 11.9 14.9 13.2 12.3 9.0 10.1 11.1 5.2 13.8 14.4 9.6 14.7 14.5 12.1 13.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

121


56. Actual social contributions received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.8

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.0 6.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : 5.7 : : : : : : 7.4 6.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : 5.7 : : : : : : 7.6 7.01992 : : : : : : : : : 5.6 : : : : : : 7.8 6.91993 : : : : : : : : : 5.7 : : : : : : 8.0 6.91994 : : : : : : : : : 5.7 : : : : : : 8.2 7.01995 6.7 14.2 1.1 : 14.5 11.3 7.7 5.4 : 5.7 : : : : : : 8.6 7.01996 6.6 14.2 1.1 : 13.6 11.5 7.3 5.9 : 5.6 : : : : : : 8.7 6.91997 7.5 14.5 1.1 : 13.8 11.7 7.0 6.3 : 6.1 : : : : : : 8.9 6.81998 7.8 14.3 1.1 : 13.6 11.7 9.2 4.6 : 6.1 : : : : : : 9.1 6.91999 9.6 14.3 1.7 : 12.9 13.8 11.0 4.4 : 6.3 : : : : : : 9.1 6.92000 10.6 14.4 1.9 : 13.0 13.0 11.1 5.0 : 6.4 : : : : : : 8.9 6.9

2001 9.7 14.3 1.8 11.1 12.7 13.6 11.0 4.5 13.3 6.6 12.1 : : : : : 9.4 6.92002 9.4 14.8 1.3 11.9 12.6 13.0 10.7 3.8 13.3 6.4 12.0 : : : : : 9.5 6.92003 10.2 15.0 1.3 11.8 12.4 12.7 9.8 3.8 13.4 6.9 12.3 : : : : : 9.8 6.82004 10.0 14.8 1.2 11.8 12.0 12.2 9.3 3.7 13.2 7.3 12.2 : : : : : 9.5 6.82005 9.5 14.8 1.2 11.6 12.2 12.3 9.7 3.4 13.0 7.5 12.1 : : : : : 9.7 6.72006 8.1 14.9 1.1 11.5 12.3 12.1 9.8 3.0 12.9 7.5 11.9 : : : : : 9.9 6.72007 7.7 15.0 1.1 11.5 13.4 11.9 9.6 3.1 12.7 7.4 11.8 : : : : : 10.0 6.62008 7.4 14.9 1.0 11.7 13.4 11.3 9.0 3.2 12.9 7.6 12.1 : : : : : 10.4 6.72009 7.2 14.2 1.0 12.1 12.8 11.2 9.0 3.3 13.3 7.6 12.5 : : : : : 10.7 6.62010 6.6 14.6 1.0 11.8 11.8 10.9 8.7 3.1 13.1 7.6 12.3 : : : : : 10.8 6.5

2011 6.7 14.7 1.1 11.6 12.9 11.2 9.1 3.2 13.1 7.6 12.3 : : : : : 11.3 5.92012 6.8 14.8 1.0 11.4 12.9 12.1 8.8 3.2 13.3 7.6 12.4 : : : : : 11.7 5.82013 7.5 14.8 0.8 11.2 12.8 12.4 8.6 3.2 13.4 7.4 12.5 : : : : : 11.8 6.62014 7.9 14.6 0.8 11.8 12.8 12.2 8.5 3.2 13.4 7.3 12.4 : : : : : 12.0 6.62015 7.9 14.4 0.8 12.0 13.0 12.5 8.1 3.2 13.2 7.5 12.2 : : : : : 12.0 6.62016 7.8 14.7 0.8 11.9 13.5 12.8 8.0 3.2 13.3 7.6 12.4 : : : : : 12.4 6.62017 8.4 15.0 0.7 11.9 12.7 12.9 8.5 3.2 13.3 7.8 12.5 : : : : : 12.5 6.62018 8.8 15.7 0.7 12.0 12.2 13.2 10.6 3.2 13.3 7.8 12.5 : : : : : 12.6 6.72019 8.9 16.1 0.7 11.9 12.0 13.4 11.1 3.2 13.2 7.8 12.4 : : 8.5 : : 12.7 6.72020 9.0 16.1 0.7 11.9 11.8 13.4 11.4 3.3 13.2 7.8 12.3 : : 8.5 : : 12.7 6.7


122


57. Other current revenue including sales; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1 :

1980 : : : : : : 4.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 6.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 5.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 7.9 :

1990 : 5.4 8.8

1991 : 4.5 : : : : 5.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 10.4 : 1992 : 5.1 : : : : 5.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.5 : 1993 : 5.0 : : : : 5.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.7 : 1994 : 5.0 : : : : 5.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 9.7 : 1995 3.5 4.6 5.6 3.8 5.4 4.3 5.8 4.0 5.3 3.5 5.4 5.9 7.5 7.1 6.7 5.0 5.2 5.2 10.2 5.11996 3.7 4.5 4.5 3.8 5.3 4.3 5.9 4.1 5.5 4.9 6.0 5.5 6.4 6.9 6.8 5.1 5.3 4.5 10.1 5.01997 3.5 4.3 5.1 3.4 5.4 4.1 5.7 4.0 5.5 4.0 7.2 5.4 6.0 6.6 4.7 5.1 5.4 5.5 9.5 4.81998 3.5 4.1 4.4 3.2 5.0 3.9 5.5 3.9 5.2 4.7 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.2 4.6 4.7 5.5 4.1 8.8 4.61999 3.4 4.1 4.1 2.8 5.1 3.8 5.2 4.0 4.6 5.0 5.0 4.9 6.0 5.9 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.5 8.1 4.52000 3.5 4.0 4.8 2.8 5.1 3.4 5.3 3.8 4.9 4.3 5.3 5.1 5.2 6.0 4.9 5.1 5.5 6.0 8.9 4.5

2001 3.8 4.2 4.6 2.7 5.9 3.6 5.6 3.9 5.2 4.0 4.1 5.0 5.3 6.3 5.4 4.8 5.9 5.1 9.0 4.62002 3.8 4.1 4.9 2.6 4.7 3.4 5.5 3.9 4.9 4.6 3.8 4.9 5.1 5.8 5.5 5.0 5.9 4.0 9.1 4.62003 3.7 4.1 5.5 2.5 4.7 3.3 5.2 3.6 5.7 4.2 3.3 4.6 5.2 6.0 5.7 5.1 5.5 4.5 9.3 4.42004 3.6 3.9 5.2 2.6 5.5 3.1 5.2 3.8 4.6 5.6 3.0 4.5 5.3 6.3 5.6 5.4 5.4 3.7 9.5 4.42005 3.8 4.2 4.8 2.7 4.4 3.1 5.3 3.7 5.0 4.8 3.6 4.3 4.1 6.3 6.4 5.1 5.2 5.4 9.6 4.52006 3.8 4.1 5.2 2.9 4.3 3.3 5.4 3.6 4.8 5.8 2.8 4.5 4.0 6.6 6.3 5.4 4.8 5.7 10.0 4.62007 3.7 4.1 4.9 2.9 4.7 3.5 5.4 3.6 4.9 4.4 2.9 4.5 4.2 6.4 6.2 5.8 4.6 4.9 10.3 4.62008 4.0 4.2 5.1 3.5 5.1 3.6 5.6 3.7 4.6 4.3 3.3 5.0 4.8 7.1 6.0 6.0 5.3 5.4 11.1 4.82009 4.2 4.7 6.6 4.0 5.0 3.9 5.8 3.9 4.6 6.1 3.7 4.7 4.3 7.0 6.4 6.3 5.2 6.5 11.2 5.12010 4.5 4.8 6.0 4.6 5.2 3.8 5.8 3.9 5.1 6.7 4.3 4.6 4.1 6.8 6.4 5.8 5.9 5.7 11.1 5.1

2011 4.7 5.0 5.6 4.6 5.6 3.9 5.8 3.9 4.3 6.2 3.9 4.4 4.0 6.6 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.8 11.1 5.22012 4.8 4.9 5.5 4.8 5.7 4.1 5.6 4.0 4.3 5.8 3.9 4.5 4.0 7.0 6.3 6.9 6.5 7.0 11.2 5.22013 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.6 6.7 4.2 5.6 4.2 4.4 5.5 3.7 4.5 4.1 7.2 6.3 6.8 6.8 7.3 11.1 5.32014 4.7 5.0 5.3 4.2 5.3 4.1 5.6 4.3 5.8 5.2 3.7 4.4 3.7 6.3 6.3 6.6 6.3 7.0 11.0 5.22015 4.5 4.8 5.3 3.2 5.6 3.7 5.6 4.2 5.8 5.0 3.9 4.6 4.1 5.5 6.3 6.1 6.3 8.1 10.4 5.02016 4.6 4.6 4.9 2.7 6.4 3.6 5.5 4.1 5.4 5.0 3.8 4.4 5.0 5.0 6.2 5.8 6.1 6.3 10.1 4.82017 4.7 4.5 5.2 2.6 5.5 3.4 5.4 4.2 5.1 5.3 3.4 4.3 5.9 4.8 6.0 5.6 6.1 6.0 10.0 4.72018 4.7 4.7 4.7 2.4 5.1 3.4 5.2 4.3 5.0 5.6 3.6 4.2 5.2 4.7 5.9 5.6 5.8 6.0 10.0 4.72019 4.8 4.6 4.9 2.2 5.0 3.4 5.2 4.3 4.8 5.5 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.5 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.9 9.9 4.72020 4.8 4.5 4.9 2.2 4.4 3.4 5.1 4.3 4.4 4.9 3.9 3.9 3.5 4.4 5.8 5.6 5.3 5.7 9.9 4.6

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

123


57. Other current revenue including sales; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1)

1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.0

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1 6.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : 2.7 : : : : : : 5.4 6.1

1991 : : : : : : : : : 2.7 : : : : : : 5.5 6.31992 : : : : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : 5.4 6.21993 : : : : : : : : : 2.5 : : : : : : 5.5 6.21994 : : : : : : : : : 2.4 : : : : : : : 6.21995 4.8 5.4 6.9 : 6.0 5.9 4.2 10.0 : 2.5 : : : : : : : 6.31996 5.4 5.4 7.3 : 6.7 5.4 3.5 9.5 : 2.4 : : : : : : : 6.31997 5.6 5.1 6.5 : 5.8 5.3 3.6 8.6 : 2.3 : : : : : : : 6.11998 7.6 5.4 6.3 : 5.1 4.6 3.1 8.6 : 2.4 : : : : : : : 6.11999 11.4 5.0 6.0 : 4.8 5.1 3.4 7.6 : 2.3 : : : : : : : 6.02000 9.6 4.7 6.1 : 4.6 5.2 3.2 7.2 : 2.5 : : : : : : : 6.1

2001 11.7 5.0 6.5 5.0 4.6 6.2 3.8 6.9 4.8 2.6 4.4 : : : : : : 6.22002 10.3 4.9 6.2 8.6 4.2 6.4 4.4 6.8 4.7 2.5 4.3 : : : : : : 6.12003 7.9 5.1 6.4 7.6 4.2 6.0 3.9 6.8 4.6 2.4 4.2 : : : : : : 6.12004 8.2 5.2 7.1 7.1 4.9 5.5 4.2 6.7 4.6 2.8 4.3 : : : : : : 6.02005 7.5 4.9 6.9 6.6 4.6 5.9 3.7 7.0 4.7 2.9 4.4 : : : : : 6.8 6.02006 5.8 4.8 7.1 6.2 5.0 6.0 4.1 6.8 4.7 3.1 4.5 : : : : : 7.0 6.22007 6.5 4.8 7.0 5.9 4.8 5.4 4.5 7.2 4.8 3.3 4.5 : : : : : 6.9 6.32008 7.6 4.9 7.7 5.7 5.1 5.3 4.3 7.5 5.0 3.4 4.7 : : : : : 6.9 6.32009 7.4 5.3 7.6 5.8 5.8 5.1 4.0 7.4 5.2 3.5 5.0 : : : : 7.0 7.0 6.72010 6.0 5.3 7.7 5.5 5.8 4.9 4.8 7.1 5.2 3.5 4.9 : : : : 7.1 6.7 6.8

2011 5.7 5.4 7.9 5.2 5.4 4.6 4.4 7.1 5.3 3.2 5.0 : : : : 6.4 6.7 6.72012 6.1 5.5 7.6 5.8 5.8 4.8 4.3 7.0 5.3 3.2 5.0 : : : : 6.9 6.5 6.52013 7.2 5.7 7.4 5.8 6.3 4.6 4.5 6.9 5.4 4.2 5.2 : : : : 6.3 6.6 7.12014 7.1 5.4 6.5 6.1 5.9 4.7 4.5 6.4 5.2 3.7 5.0 : : : : 6.2 6.8 6.82015 6.2 5.2 5.9 7.5 5.6 4.6 4.7 6.1 5.0 3.6 4.8 : : : : 6.0 6.8 6.72016 6.1 4.9 5.8 7.9 5.4 3.9 4.0 6.0 4.9 3.6 4.7 : : : : 6.1 6.7 6.52017 6.0 4.6 5.7 7.9 5.3 4.0 3.7 5.9 4.8 3.7 4.6 : : : : 5.5 : 6.42018 6.1 4.9 5.9 7.5 5.2 3.9 4.3 6.1 4.8 3.7 4.6 : : : : 5.2 : 6.32019 6.6 4.7 5.7 7.7 5.4 3.7 4.3 5.9 4.7 3.7 4.6 : : : : 5.2 : 6.32020 6.5 4.6 5.5 7.7 5.2 3.5 4.4 5.8 4.6 3.6 4.5 : : : : 5.2 : 6.3

1) EU excluding UK

124


58. Total current revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 43.4 :

1980 : : : : : : 46.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 43.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 49.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 49.3 :

1990 : 47.7 53.0

1991 : 42.9 : : : : 48.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.5 : 1992 : 44.3 : : : : 47.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.2 : 1993 : 44.5 : : : : 48.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.8 : 1994 : 45.0 : : : : 49.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.9 : 1995 47.5 44.7 41.6 36.9 34.6 36.6 49.4 43.7 30.1 34.0 33.0 43.1 35.0 44.7 49.4 36.2 43.8 44.8 54.9 44.91996 48.3 45.0 38.7 37.1 34.6 37.0 50.7 44.6 29.9 34.3 33.3 42.5 31.9 44.6 50.9 37.1 42.7 43.2 56.0 45.51997 48.5 44.7 39.3 36.1 35.8 37.2 50.6 45.7 29.4 34.8 38.5 43.8 33.6 43.6 49.5 37.1 41.7 42.2 54.6 45.41998 49.2 44.7 38.4 35.1 36.7 37.4 50.3 44.6 30.3 36.5 38.1 44.8 31.4 42.6 49.4 37.1 42.4 40.3 53.7 45.11999 48.9 45.6 36.7 34.8 38.0 37.8 50.7 45.1 30.0 36.4 37.9 42.6 33.8 43.3 49.2 38.4 42.6 40.4 52.3 45.62000 48.5 45.2 35.9 34.4 39.5 37.5 50.0 43.8 32.1 33.8 36.4 43.5 33.3 43.0 48.4 38.5 42.3 39.8 54.5 45.0

2001 48.8 43.4 35.1 32.3 38.9 37.3 50.0 43.9 33.1 32.7 33.8 43.9 35.2 42.0 50.5 37.9 42.8 37.9 52.0 44.32002 49.0 42.9 36.2 31.5 39.0 37.5 49.3 43.4 32.8 32.6 33.0 43.6 35.7 41.1 49.5 38.8 43.2 36.9 52.2 43.82003 48.4 43.2 36.6 32.1 37.4 37.2 48.8 42.3 34.5 31.8 32.0 43.4 35.8 41.0 49.3 39.2 43.1 37.2 51.4 43.52004 48.0 42.2 36.4 33.3 37.2 37.8 48.9 42.5 33.2 33.3 32.2 42.3 36.3 41.3 48.7 38.7 43.0 35.3 51.1 43.32005 48.1 42.4 34.7 33.8 37.5 38.8 49.5 42.6 35.2 32.8 33.0 43.4 36.5 41.5 48.4 39.2 43.3 36.7 51.5 43.62006 47.9 42.6 35.7 35.3 36.7 39.8 50.1 43.8 36.6 34.5 33.1 41.4 36.9 42.6 47.6 40.1 42.7 34.9 51.9 44.12007 47.6 42.6 36.0 34.7 37.9 40.4 49.7 45.1 40.6 32.8 33.0 41.8 37.9 41.9 47.6 40.7 41.7 33.9 51.6 44.22008 48.5 43.0 36.5 33.6 38.5 36.5 49.8 45.0 39.1 32.6 34.0 42.8 37.7 43.0 48.2 40.8 42.0 34.3 52.0 44.02009 48.1 43.9 41.6 32.6 37.6 34.8 49.7 44.9 36.2 33.9 34.3 44.2 37.6 42.2 48.3 39.6 41.8 35.3 51.9 44.02010 48.6 42.7 39.3 32.7 39.2 36.2 49.8 45.3 36.8 35.2 32.9 43.3 36.9 42.3 48.2 39.4 43.1 33.7 51.8 44.0

2011 49.5 43.4 37.1 33.2 41.5 36.2 50.8 45.0 36.0 34.6 31.3 42.7 37.1 42.1 48.1 41.5 42.9 35.3 53.0 44.52012 50.6 43.9 37.2 33.6 44.3 37.5 51.9 47.5 35.8 35.0 31.1 44.2 37.2 42.6 48.8 41.1 43.8 35.2 53.7 45.62013 51.6 44.2 36.8 33.9 45.1 38.2 52.9 47.6 35.9 34.9 30.8 44.1 37.5 43.3 49.4 44.0 43.6 37.4 54.5 46.22014 51.1 44.1 37.5 33.4 44.3 38.3 53.0 47.4 39.1 35.0 31.3 43.1 36.9 43.3 49.5 43.6 42.9 38.1 54.6 46.22015 50.4 44.1 38.6 26.7 44.9 37.8 52.8 47.1 38.7 35.2 32.8 43.1 35.4 42.3 49.9 43.0 43.0 40.1 53.9 45.72016 49.7 44.3 38.5 26.4 47.6 37.3 52.7 46.1 38.1 36.2 33.5 43.5 36.8 43.3 48.6 42.3 43.0 38.6 53.9 45.52017 50.4 44.7 38.0 25.7 46.7 37.5 53.2 46.1 38.7 36.4 33.0 44.1 38.3 43.4 48.3 42.3 42.7 39.1 52.9 45.72018 50.8 45.2 38.0 25.4 46.4 38.2 53.1 46.2 39.1 36.3 33.9 45.3 37.7 43.3 48.5 43.1 42.5 39.0 52.1 45.92019 50.1 45.3 38.5 25.3 45.0 38.3 51.9 46.5 40.2 35.8 33.9 45.0 36.9 43.7 48.2 43.2 42.5 39.0 52.1 45.62020 50.1 45.1 38.3 25.0 43.5 38.3 51.8 46.1 41.1 35.4 34.0 45.2 36.6 43.3 47.8 43.3 42.2 38.6 52.1 45.4

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

125


58. Total current revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.2

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 30.6 31.1

1990 : : : : : : : : : 33.8 : : : : : : 32.9 32.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : 33.6 : : : : : : 32.7 32.21992 : : : : : : : : : 33.0 : : : : : : 32.5 32.01993 : : : : : : : : : 31.7 : : : : : : 31.3 32.21994 : : : : : : : : : 32.2 : : : : : : 31.6 32.61995 26.3 40.0 54.9 : 46.2 43.6 32.0 56.2 : 33.1 : : : : : : 31.7 32.91996 28.8 38.6 55.5 : 46.0 43.1 29.6 58.1 : 32.9 : : : : : : 31.7 33.31997 31.3 38.7 54.6 : 43.5 42.5 30.2 57.4 : 33.5 : : : : : : 32.4 33.61998 35.1 37.8 54.9 : 42.8 41.0 32.4 57.5 : 35.0 : : : : : : 31.5 33.91999 41.7 38.2 55.3 : 43.0 41.2 34.8 56.8 : 35.7 : : : : : : 31.9 33.82000 40.4 37.3 54.4 : 43.6 39.1 33.8 56.3 : 36.6 : : : : : : 31.8 34.3

2001 41.9 37.5 53.8 43.7 42.5 40.3 32.8 53.9 44.6 36.5 43.1 : : : : : 32.2 33.42002 38.1 38.3 53.0 46.3 41.5 40.6 32.9 52.2 44.1 35.4 42.5 : : : : : 31.3 31.12003 38.3 39.2 53.3 44.7 41.4 39.7 32.9 52.5 43.8 35.3 42.4 : : : : : 30.8 30.62004 39.7 39.8 54.7 43.6 41.7 38.5 32.3 52.5 43.6 36.7 42.4 : : : : : 30.6 30.92005 37.8 38.9 56.1 42.9 41.0 39.9 32.4 53.9 43.9 37.3 42.8 : : : : : 31.7 32.32006 35.3 38.6 54.7 43.0 41.3 40.6 33.4 53.1 44.3 37.6 43.2 : : : : : 32.9 33.12007 37.4 39.1 54.5 42.9 44.0 40.9 33.4 52.5 44.4 37.9 43.3 : : : : : 33.5 33.22008 37.6 37.9 53.4 42.5 44.3 40.2 31.6 51.8 44.1 37.5 43.1 : : : : : 33.2 32.22009 34.1 37.4 53.6 42.2 44.6 37.2 29.9 51.9 43.9 36.8 42.9 : : : : 31.7 32.4 30.02010 31.7 37.9 53.8 41.4 42.9 37.2 31.8 50.6 43.9 38.0 43.1 : : : : 32.8 31.9 30.6

2011 30.6 39.0 54.0 40.3 41.9 37.3 32.6 49.9 44.4 38.2 43.5 : : : : 32.7 33.0 31.02012 32.5 39.6 54.3 41.7 44.1 37.8 31.9 50.0 45.4 37.4 44.2 : : : : 33.1 33.5 30.92013 35.1 40.4 55.1 42.1 44.1 37.5 31.7 50.2 46.0 38.2 44.8 : : : : 32.9 34.3 33.02014 35.1 39.1 57.0 42.7 43.9 37.5 31.9 49.4 45.9 37.2 44.5 : : : : 32.2 35.8 33.02015 34.8 39.1 53.7 44.7 44.2 37.9 32.7 49.5 45.4 37.6 44.0 : : : : 32.3 36.1 33.22016 34.7 39.6 52.7 45.6 44.5 38.3 30.5 50.6 45.3 38.1 44.1 : : : : 32.8 36.1 32.82017 35.1 39.9 52.5 45.7 43.5 38.9 29.4 50.7 45.4 38.7 44.4 : : : : 31.3 36.5 32.42018 35.6 40.9 52.0 46.1 42.7 39.9 31.0 50.6 45.6 38.9 44.6 : : : : 30.2 36.8 31.12019 36.2 41.1 51.6 45.9 42.5 39.9 31.6 50.1 45.3 39.0 44.4 : : : : 30.1 36.9 31.32020 36.0 40.9 51.4 45.6 42.1 39.8 32.1 49.7 45.1 39.3 44.2 : : : : 30.1 37.3 31.4


126


59. Final consumption expenditure of general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 16.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 21.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 22.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 19.7 :

1990 : 21.2 20.9

1991 : 18.5 : : : : 21.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.9 : 1992 : 19.0 : : : : 22.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 24.3 : 1993 : 19.1 : : : : 23.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.3 : 1994 : 19.1 : : : : 23.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 22.4 : 1995 21.1 19.1 25.9 17.2 17.8 17.7 23.2 17.5 12.4 23.5 24.0 15.9 18.0 22.4 19.6 17.6 18.0 20.3 21.9 19.91996 21.5 19.4 22.8 16.6 17.6 17.5 23.5 17.7 13.1 21.9 24.1 16.1 19.1 21.4 19.6 17.8 17.8 22.5 22.2 20.01997 21.0 19.0 20.6 16.1 17.7 17.1 23.4 17.8 14.8 21.0 24.2 16.2 18.4 21.0 19.6 17.7 17.7 20.5 21.4 19.71998 20.9 18.8 20.3 15.5 17.5 16.9 22.6 17.7 16.1 22.7 25.9 15.8 18.3 20.8 19.6 18.0 17.7 21.1 20.6 19.41999 21.0 18.9 21.6 14.9 18.0 16.8 22.6 17.7 16.1 22.5 23.7 15.4 17.8 20.6 19.8 18.2 17.9 19.3 20.3 19.42000 20.9 18.7 19.1 14.7 18.3 16.7 22.3 17.9 15.1 20.7 22.4 14.9 17.7 20.6 19.2 19.0 18.5 19.4 19.8 19.3

2001 21.3 18.6 18.3 15.4 18.7 16.6 22.1 18.4 15.9 20.5 21.1 15.8 19.0 21.0 19.0 19.4 18.9 19.9 20.0 19.42002 21.9 18.8 17.9 15.8 19.2 16.6 22.7 18.6 16.6 20.5 20.6 16.2 18.8 22.1 18.8 19.7 18.7 19.6 20.7 19.72003 22.4 19.0 17.7 16.0 19.0 16.8 23.1 19.0 17.9 21.0 19.6 16.8 18.9 22.9 19.0 20.2 18.8 19.9 21.2 20.02004 22.0 18.5 17.3 16.1 19.2 17.2 23.0 19.2 16.6 19.8 19.2 17.0 19.1 22.5 18.9 20.5 18.7 18.5 21.3 19.92005 22.1 18.4 16.8 16.0 20.0 17.3 23.1 19.6 16.5 17.8 18.5 17.1 18.1 22.3 19.3 21.1 18.7 18.3 21.5 20.02006 21.9 18.0 15.8 16.2 20.2 17.4 22.8 19.4 16.9 17.2 19.1 15.8 18.6 23.2 19.3 20.5 18.4 18.8 21.4 19.82007 21.6 17.5 16.0 16.9 20.5 17.7 22.4 18.9 16.4 17.6 17.4 15.2 17.9 23.2 18.7 19.8 17.3 17.2 20.9 19.52008 22.6 17.9 18.6 18.8 20.7 18.8 22.6 19.4 17.1 19.8 18.7 15.7 19.7 23.5 19.3 19.9 18.0 17.6 21.7 20.02009 24.0 19.6 21.1 20.1 23.3 20.5 24.1 20.6 18.8 19.0 21.2 17.5 19.8 26.0 20.7 21.4 20.1 20.2 24.2 21.72010 23.6 19.1 20.1 18.8 22.2 20.5 24.0 20.4 18.4 18.4 19.8 17.0 19.5 26.2 20.5 20.7 20.3 19.6 23.9 21.4

2011 23.8 18.7 18.6 18.3 21.8 20.5 23.7 19.6 19.0 18.2 18.3 16.6 19.7 25.8 19.9 19.9 20.4 18.8 23.6 21.02012 24.3 18.8 18.4 17.7 21.9 19.7 24.0 19.6 18.6 17.4 17.5 17.3 20.2 26.0 19.9 18.5 20.2 18.2 24.4 21.02013 24.5 19.2 18.8 16.9 20.5 19.7 24.1 19.7 18.1 17.6 16.7 17.3 19.3 25.8 19.9 19.1 19.5 18.4 24.7 21.12014 24.3 19.2 19.1 16.0 20.3 19.5 24.1 19.3 16.4 17.5 16.6 16.7 18.9 25.7 19.8 18.6 18.6 18.9 24.7 21.02015 23.8 19.3 20.0 12.3 20.3 19.3 23.8 18.9 16.1 17.9 17.2 16.6 17.5 25.0 19.8 18.1 18.5 19.3 24.4 20.62016 23.4 19.5 20.3 12.3 20.2 18.9 23.7 18.7 15.3 18.0 17.0 16.4 16.1 24.7 19.7 17.9 18.8 19.4 23.9 20.52017 23.2 19.5 19.9 12.1 20.1 18.5 23.7 18.7 15.1 18.0 16.4 16.9 15.3 24.2 19.5 17.5 18.2 19.5 23.0 20.42018 23.3 19.6 19.7 12.0 19.1 18.4 23.4 18.8 15.2 17.7 16.5 17.0 16.3 24.0 19.2 17.3 17.8 19.3 22.8 20.32019 23.2 19.9 19.9 12.3 19.3 18.4 23.0 18.8 15.3 17.4 16.5 17.2 17.2 24.4 19.2 17.2 18.0 19.5 22.8 20.32020 23.3 20.0 19.8 12.1 18.9 18.3 22.8 18.8 15.6 17.2 16.4 17.4 17.5 24.5 19.1 17.0 17.9 19.7 22.7 20.3

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

127


59. Final consumption expenditure of general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 18.0

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 17.6

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 15.9

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 13.6 15.9

1990 : : : : : : : : : 16.4 : : : : : : 13.0 15.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : 17.1 : : : : : : 13.1 16.31992 : : : : : : : : : 17.6 : : : : : : 13.5 16.11993 : : : : : : : : : 17.0 : : : : : : 14.0 15.61994 : : : : : : : : : 16.7 : : : : : : 15.0 15.21995 15.4 20.4 24.1 : 22.8 18.9 12.2 25.5 : 16.6 : : : : : : 15.4 14.91996 14.0 19.7 24.1 : 21.6 18.5 11.7 25.9 : 16.3 : : : : : : 15.4 14.51997 12.3 20.3 23.6 : 21.2 18.1 12.7 25.4 : 15.9 : : : : : : 15.6 14.21998 18.5 19.3 24.1 : 20.8 17.7 11.9 25.5 : 15.8 : : : : : : 16.0 14.01999 19.7 20.2 24.4 : 21.1 17.9 16.7 25.4 : 16.3 : : : : : : 16.5 14.02000 20.0 19.9 23.9 : 21.0 18.1 16.9 24.5 : 16.5 : : : : : : 16.9 14.0

2001 19.6 19.8 24.3 19.2 20.9 18.7 15.8 24.7 19.6 17.1 19.2 : : : : : 17.5 14.52002 19.4 21.3 24.9 18.9 21.7 18.6 14.8 25.4 20.0 17.9 19.6 : : : : : 18.1 15.02003 20.3 22.3 25.0 18.4 22.9 18.9 16.0 25.7 20.3 18.5 20.0 : : : : : 18.2 15.22004 19.5 21.0 24.9 18.5 22.0 18.3 14.7 25.0 20.1 19.2 19.9 : : : : : 18.1 15.22005 18.3 20.7 24.5 18.3 22.1 18.3 16.2 24.8 20.2 19.4 20.0 : : : : : 18.1 15.12006 18.3 20.2 24.2 18.3 22.0 18.5 15.9 24.5 20.0 19.5 19.9 : : : : : 18.0 15.02007 16.7 19.4 24.3 18.9 20.8 18.1 15.4 24.0 19.7 19.2 19.6 : : : : : 17.9 15.22008 17.1 19.4 25.1 18.5 21.3 18.6 15.9 24.6 20.1 20.0 20.1 : : : : : 18.4 16.02009 16.7 21.0 27.9 20.3 22.0 18.7 16.1 26.1 21.7 21.5 21.7 : : : : 15.8 19.6 16.82010 16.5 20.8 27.4 20.2 21.5 19.1 15.5 25.2 21.5 21.2 21.4 : : : : 15.0 19.5 16.7

2011 15.8 20.2 26.6 20.2 20.7 18.1 14.3 25.2 21.0 20.6 21.0 : : : : 13.7 20.2 16.22012 15.8 19.8 26.5 20.3 20.0 17.9 14.5 25.9 21.1 20.4 21.0 : : : : 14.2 20.3 15.52013 17.0 20.2 26.0 20.2 19.7 18.1 14.3 26.3 21.2 19.7 21.0 : : : : 14.1 20.2 15.12014 16.8 19.7 25.8 20.6 20.0 18.2 14.5 26.2 21.0 19.4 20.8 : : : : 14.1 20.2 14.62015 16.1 19.2 25.5 20.1 19.8 18.0 14.0 25.9 20.7 19.0 20.4 : : : : 13.9 19.8 14.32016 15.7 19.3 25.0 19.5 20.2 17.9 15.1 26.3 20.6 18.7 20.3 : : : : 14.8 19.9 14.22017 15.6 19.2 24.6 19.6 20.3 17.7 15.7 26.1 20.5 18.3 20.2 : : : : 14.5 19.7 14.02018 16.5 19.9 24.6 19.8 19.3 17.7 16.6 26.1 20.4 18.2 20.1 : : : : 14.4 19.7 13.92019 16.8 20.2 24.5 20.0 18.9 17.8 17.5 26.0 20.5 18.4 20.1 : : 15.0 : 15.4 19.7 13.72020 16.6 20.2 24.3 19.9 18.8 17.8 17.5 25.7 20.4 18.5 20.1 : : 14.8 : 15.6 19.7 13.2


128


60. Collective consumption expenditureESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.8 :

1980 : : : : : : 8.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 6.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 9.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 7.1 :

1990 : 8.5 7.3

1991 : 8.0 : : : : 8.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 : 1992 : 8.1 : : : : 8.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.7 : 1993 : 8.2 : : : : 9.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.6 : 1994 : 8.0 : : : : 9.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.4 : 1995 8.6 7.8 9.8 6.6 8.1 7.8 8.9 7.9 7.3 13.2 13.8 6.0 9.0 9.3 8.2 7.8 7.2 16.1 8.1 8.21996 8.5 7.8 8.8 6.3 8.1 7.7 9.2 7.9 7.5 12.3 13.5 5.9 9.7 8.8 8.2 7.6 7.3 12.6 8.2 8.21997 8.3 7.6 8.8 6.1 8.0 7.5 9.3 7.8 8.4 11.8 12.6 6.2 8.8 8.6 7.9 7.4 7.2 9.1 8.1 8.11998 8.2 7.5 8.9 5.8 7.8 7.4 8.7 7.7 9.3 12.7 13.1 5.8 9.0 8.4 7.7 7.5 7.2 9.4 7.5 7.91999 8.3 7.6 9.6 5.3 8.0 7.3 8.7 7.6 9.0 12.6 10.0 5.5 8.9 8.2 7.9 7.5 7.4 10.0 7.5 7.92000 8.4 7.3 8.5 5.3 9.3 7.3 8.5 7.6 8.4 11.6 11.5 5.5 8.6 8.1 7.6 8.0 7.7 10.6 7.1 7.8

2001 8.3 7.2 8.2 5.4 9.6 7.3 8.3 7.7 9.1 11.4 10.4 5.7 10.6 8.2 7.4 8.1 7.8 11.2 7.2 7.72002 8.7 7.3 8.1 5.4 10.0 7.1 8.3 7.7 9.3 11.3 9.7 6.0 10.1 8.5 7.1 8.2 7.6 11.0 7.4 7.82003 8.7 7.3 8.0 5.4 9.4 7.2 8.3 8.1 10.1 12.2 9.3 6.1 10.2 8.7 7.1 8.3 7.7 11.8 7.4 7.82004 8.4 7.2 7.6 5.3 9.9 7.3 8.3 8.2 9.4 11.4 9.1 6.1 10.0 8.3 7.2 8.6 7.7 11.2 7.3 7.82005 8.4 7.0 7.4 5.0 9.9 7.2 8.3 8.2 9.4 10.8 8.4 6.2 9.4 8.1 7.8 8.9 7.8 11.1 7.3 7.82006 8.4 6.8 6.9 5.2 10.4 7.3 8.1 8.0 9.6 10.5 9.0 5.6 9.3 7.8 7.7 8.8 7.7 11.4 7.3 7.62007 8.2 6.5 7.1 5.5 10.5 7.5 7.9 7.7 9.3 10.2 8.0 5.3 9.2 7.9 7.2 8.8 7.3 9.4 7.1 7.52008 8.5 6.6 8.2 6.1 10.3 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.7 11.1 8.3 5.6 9.9 8.0 7.5 8.8 7.6 9.4 7.4 7.72009 9.0 7.2 9.0 6.6 12.3 8.5 8.5 8.5 10.7 9.9 8.7 6.0 9.6 8.7 8.2 9.5 8.4 10.9 8.2 8.32010 8.6 6.9 8.7 6.0 11.4 8.7 8.4 8.4 10.2 9.7 8.5 5.9 9.1 8.5 8.1 9.3 8.4 10.5 8.0 8.1

2011 8.5 6.7 8.1 6.2 11.1 8.8 8.4 8.2 10.6 9.9 7.7 5.8 9.1 8.2 7.7 9.2 8.5 10.3 7.8 7.92012 8.7 6.9 8.1 5.9 11.5 8.5 8.5 8.1 10.3 9.4 7.6 6.9 9.3 8.3 7.7 8.5 8.4 9.6 7.9 7.92013 8.9 6.9 8.4 5.5 11.0 8.5 8.5 8.2 9.0 9.5 7.2 6.8 8.6 8.3 7.6 8.9 7.9 9.5 8.2 8.02014 8.6 6.8 8.7 5.2 11.5 8.5 8.4 7.9 8.3 9.3 7.3 6.4 8.3 8.3 7.5 8.8 7.5 8.5 8.1 7.82015 8.2 6.7 9.0 4.0 11.5 8.3 8.2 7.7 8.1 9.4 7.4 6.5 7.4 8.1 7.4 9.1 7.4 8.7 7.9 7.62016 7.9 6.8 9.1 4.0 11.3 7.9 8.2 7.7 7.7 9.2 7.2 6.4 5.9 8.1 7.3 8.5 7.6 8.8 7.9 7.62017 7.7 6.8 8.8 3.9 11.2 7.7 8.2 7.8 7.3 9.3 6.9 6.7 4.8 7.9 7.2 7.8 7.4 9.0 7.5 7.52018 7.7 6.9 8.1 3.9 10.5 7.6 8.1 7.8 7.5 9.2 6.9 6.7 5.1 7.8 7.1 7.6 7.1 8.9 7.3 7.52019 7.7 7.0 8.1 3.7 10.9 7.6 8.0 7.9 7.2 9.3 6.9 6.8 5.4 7.8 7.0 7.5 7.3 9.1 7.1 7.52020 7.6 7.0 8.1 3.6 10.6 7.6 7.9 7.8 6.9 9.5 6.6 6.8 5.7 7.8 6.9 7.4 7.2 9.3 6.9 7.4

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

129


60. Collective consumption expenditureESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.2

1990 : : : : : : : : : 7.1 : : : : : : 5.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : 7.2 : : : : : : 6.0 1992 : : : : : : : : : 7.3 : : : : : : 6.1 1993 : : : : : : : : : 7.1 : : : : : : 6.3 1994 : : : : : : : : : 6.9 : : : : : : 7.0 1995 7.4 10.2 7.6 : 10.8 11.0 6.4 7.8 : 7.6 : : : : : : 7.1 1996 6.5 9.6 7.7 : 10.2 10.6 5.4 7.7 : 7.5 : : : : : : 7.0 1997 5.6 10.5 7.7 : 10.1 10.3 5.7 7.7 : 7.4 : : : : : : 7.2 1998 9.2 9.6 7.8 : 9.9 10.0 5.2 7.5 : 7.2 : : : : : : 7.4 1999 9.9 10.6 7.9 : 10.1 8.4 8.3 7.7 : 7.1 : : : : : : 7.6 2000 11.2 10.3 7.7 : 10.3 8.3 9.4 7.5 : 7.3 : : : : : : 7.6

2001 10.1 10.2 7.8 9.6 10.3 8.6 8.8 7.0 7.8 7.7 7.8 : : : : : 7.9 2002 9.9 10.6 7.8 9.3 10.4 8.5 7.6 7.0 7.8 7.8 7.8 : : : : : 8.3 2003 10.2 11.1 7.7 8.9 10.7 8.9 9.1 7.0 7.9 8.1 7.9 : : : : : 8.3 2004 10.1 10.2 7.7 8.9 10.1 8.6 8.3 6.9 7.9 8.1 7.9 : : : : : 8.2 2005 9.8 10.4 7.6 9.0 10.1 8.5 9.2 6.7 7.8 8.0 7.9 : : : : : 8.1 2006 9.7 10.4 7.5 9.5 10.1 8.6 8.8 6.7 7.7 7.9 7.7 : : : : : 8.0 2007 9.2 9.8 7.5 10.1 9.8 8.4 8.7 6.4 7.5 7.6 7.6 : : : : : 7.9 2008 8.7 9.8 7.8 9.0 10.2 8.8 8.4 6.7 7.7 7.9 7.8 : : : : : 7.9 2009 8.6 10.5 8.5 9.9 10.6 8.7 8.1 7.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 : : : : 4.5 8.3 2010 8.3 10.3 8.2 9.9 10.5 8.9 7.3 7.0 8.1 8.1 8.1 : : : : 4.6 8.1

2011 7.8 9.6 7.9 9.9 10.1 8.3 7.4 7.0 8.0 7.8 7.9 : : : : 3.8 8.3 2012 7.9 9.2 8.0 10.2 9.8 8.2 7.9 7.4 8.0 7.7 7.9 : : : : 4.5 8.1 2013 8.7 9.5 7.7 10.0 9.9 8.3 7.5 7.5 8.0 7.3 7.9 : : : : 4.6 8.1 2014 8.2 9.2 7.5 10.2 10.2 8.3 7.9 7.4 7.9 7.0 7.7 : : : : 4.7 8.0 2015 8.0 9.0 7.3 9.8 9.8 8.2 7.5 7.1 7.7 6.9 7.5 : : : : 4.8 7.8 2016 7.8 9.1 7.1 9.6 10.0 8.1 8.1 7.0 7.6 6.7 7.5 : : : : 5.0 7.8 2017 7.9 9.0 7.1 9.5 10.1 8.0 8.4 7.0 7.6 6.5 7.4 : : : : 5.2 7.6 2018 8.5 9.3 7.2 9.7 9.4 8.0 9.6 7.1 7.6 6.5 7.4 : : : : 8.1 7.7 2019 8.6 8.4 7.1 9.5 9.3 8.1 10.1 7.0 7.6 6.2 7.4 : : 7.5 : 8.3 7.5 2020 8.6 9.3 7.1 9.2 9.2 8.1 10.2 7.0 7.5 6.2 7.3 : : 7.3 : 8.1 7.5


130


61. Social transfers in kindESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.1 :

1980 : : : : : : 12.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 11.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 13.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 12.7 :

1990 : 12.7 13.7

1991 : 10.5 : : : : 13.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.4 : 1992 : 10.9 : : : : 13.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.6 : 1993 : 10.9 : : : : 14.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.7 : 1994 : 11.1 : : : : 14.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.0 : 1995 12.5 11.4 16.1 10.6 9.7 9.8 14.2 9.6 5.2 10.3 10.2 9.9 9.0 13.1 11.4 9.8 10.8 4.3 13.8 11.71996 13.0 11.6 14.1 10.3 9.5 9.8 14.3 9.8 5.7 9.6 10.5 10.1 9.4 12.6 11.4 10.1 10.6 9.9 14.0 11.71997 12.7 11.4 11.9 10.0 9.7 9.5 14.1 10.0 6.4 9.2 11.5 10.0 9.6 12.4 11.7 10.3 10.5 11.5 13.3 11.61998 12.7 11.3 11.5 9.7 9.7 9.5 13.9 9.9 6.8 10.0 12.8 10.1 9.3 12.5 11.8 10.4 10.5 11.7 13.1 11.51999 12.7 11.3 12.0 9.6 9.9 9.5 13.9 10.0 7.0 9.9 13.6 9.9 8.9 12.4 11.9 10.7 10.5 9.3 12.8 11.52000 12.5 11.3 10.6 9.3 9.0 9.5 13.8 10.3 6.7 9.1 10.9 9.4 9.1 12.5 11.7 11.0 10.8 8.7 12.7 11.5

2001 13.0 11.4 10.1 9.9 9.1 9.3 13.8 10.7 6.8 9.0 10.7 10.0 8.4 12.8 11.6 11.3 11.2 8.7 12.8 11.62002 13.2 11.5 9.9 10.4 9.3 9.5 14.4 10.8 7.3 9.2 10.8 10.2 8.7 13.7 11.8 11.5 11.1 8.7 13.3 11.92003 13.7 11.7 9.6 10.7 9.6 9.5 14.8 10.9 7.9 8.8 10.3 10.7 8.6 14.2 11.9 11.9 11.1 8.1 13.8 12.22004 13.6 11.3 9.7 10.8 9.2 9.9 14.7 11.0 7.2 8.4 10.1 10.9 9.2 14.2 11.7 12.0 11.0 7.3 13.9 12.12005 13.7 11.4 9.4 11.0 10.1 10.1 14.8 11.4 7.1 7.1 10.1 11.0 8.7 14.1 11.5 12.2 10.9 7.3 14.2 12.22006 13.5 11.2 8.9 11.0 9.8 10.0 14.6 11.4 7.3 6.7 10.1 10.3 9.4 15.3 11.6 11.6 10.7 7.5 14.1 12.22007 13.3 11.0 8.9 11.3 10.0 10.2 14.5 11.2 7.1 7.5 9.4 9.9 8.7 15.4 11.5 11.0 10.0 7.8 13.7 12.02008 14.0 11.2 10.4 12.7 10.4 10.8 14.6 11.4 7.4 8.7 10.3 10.1 9.8 15.5 11.8 11.1 10.4 8.2 14.3 12.32009 15.1 12.4 12.1 13.6 11.0 12.0 15.5 12.1 8.1 9.1 12.6 11.4 10.2 17.3 12.5 11.9 11.6 9.2 16.0 13.42010 15.0 12.2 11.4 12.7 10.9 11.8 15.6 12.0 8.2 8.7 11.4 11.1 10.4 17.7 12.4 11.4 11.9 9.1 15.9 13.3

2011 15.2 12.0 10.5 12.1 10.8 11.7 15.4 11.4 8.4 8.3 10.7 10.8 10.6 17.6 12.1 10.7 11.9 8.5 15.9 13.12012 15.6 12.0 10.3 11.8 10.3 11.2 15.5 11.4 8.3 7.9 9.9 10.4 10.9 17.8 12.2 10.0 11.8 8.6 16.5 13.02013 15.6 12.3 10.4 11.4 9.5 11.2 15.6 11.4 9.1 8.2 9.5 10.5 10.7 17.4 12.3 10.2 11.6 8.9 16.5 13.12014 15.7 12.4 10.4 10.8 8.9 11.0 15.7 11.4 8.2 8.2 9.3 10.3 10.5 17.4 12.3 9.8 11.1 10.5 16.5 13.12015 15.6 12.6 11.0 8.3 8.8 11.1 15.6 11.1 8.0 8.5 9.7 10.1 10.1 16.9 12.4 9.1 11.1 10.6 16.5 13.02016 15.5 12.7 11.2 8.3 8.9 11.0 15.5 11.0 7.6 8.9 9.8 9.9 10.3 16.5 12.4 9.4 11.2 10.6 15.9 13.02017 15.5 12.7 11.1 8.2 8.9 10.8 15.5 10.9 7.8 8.7 9.5 10.3 10.5 16.3 12.3 9.7 10.9 10.4 15.5 12.92018 15.6 12.7 11.5 8.2 8.6 10.8 15.2 11.0 7.6 8.5 9.6 10.3 11.1 16.2 12.2 9.8 10.7 10.5 15.4 12.82019 15.6 12.9 11.8 8.6 8.4 10.8 15.0 11.0 8.1 8.1 9.6 10.4 11.8 16.5 12.2 9.7 10.7 10.4 15.6 12.92020 15.6 13.0 11.8 8.5 8.3 10.8 14.9 10.9 8.6 7.7 9.7 10.6 11.9 16.7 12.2 9.6 10.6 10.5 15.9 12.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

131


61. Social transfers in kindESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : 9.3 : : : : : : 7.1

1991 : : : : : : : : : 9.9 : : : : : : 7.1 1992 : : : : : : : : : 10.4 : : : : : : 7.4 1993 : : : : : : : : : 9.9 : : : : : : 7.7 1994 : : : : : : : : : 9.9 : : : : : : 8.1 1995 8.1 10.2 16.4 : 12.0 7.8 5.8 17.7 : 9.0 : : : : : : 8.3 1996 7.5 10.1 16.4 : 11.4 7.9 6.3 18.1 : 8.8 : : : : : : 8.4 1997 6.6 9.9 15.9 : 11.1 7.8 7.0 17.7 : 8.5 : : : : : : 8.4 1998 9.2 9.7 16.3 : 11.0 7.7 6.6 17.9 : 8.6 : : : : : : 8.6 1999 9.8 9.7 16.4 : 10.9 9.4 8.5 17.7 : 9.2 : : : : : : 8.9 2000 8.8 9.6 16.1 : 10.8 9.8 7.5 17.0 : 9.1 : : : : : : 9.3

2001 9.5 9.6 16.5 9.5 10.7 10.1 7.0 17.7 11.9 9.4 11.4 : : : : : 9.6 2002 9.5 10.7 17.1 9.7 11.3 10.1 7.2 18.4 12.2 10.0 11.8 : : : : : 9.9 2003 10.1 11.1 17.3 9.5 12.2 10.0 6.9 18.6 12.4 10.5 12.1 : : : : : 9.9 2004 9.4 10.8 17.3 9.5 11.8 9.7 6.4 18.1 12.3 11.0 12.0 : : : : : 9.9 2005 8.5 10.2 16.9 9.3 12.0 9.8 7.0 18.1 12.4 11.3 12.2 : : : : : 10.0 2006 8.6 9.9 16.7 8.8 11.9 9.9 7.1 17.9 12.3 11.6 12.2 : : : : : 10.0 2007 7.5 9.6 16.8 8.9 11.0 9.7 6.7 17.6 12.1 11.6 12.0 : : : : : 10.1 2008 8.5 9.6 17.3 9.4 11.2 9.8 7.5 17.9 12.4 12.1 12.4 : : : : : 10.4 2009 8.1 10.5 19.4 10.4 11.4 10.1 8.0 18.9 13.4 13.3 13.4 : : : : 11.3 11.3 2010 8.2 10.5 19.1 10.3 11.0 10.2 8.2 18.2 13.3 13.1 13.3 : : : : 10.4 11.4

2011 8.0 10.6 18.6 10.3 10.6 9.8 6.9 18.1 13.1 12.8 13.0 : : : : 9.9 11.9 2012 7.9 10.6 18.5 10.1 10.2 9.8 6.7 18.5 13.1 12.7 13.0 : : : : 9.8 12.1 2013 8.4 10.7 18.3 10.1 9.8 9.9 6.7 18.8 13.2 12.4 13.1 : : : : 9.6 12.1 2014 8.6 10.5 18.3 10.4 9.8 9.9 6.6 18.8 13.2 12.3 13.0 : : : : 9.4 12.1 2015 8.1 10.2 18.1 10.3 10.0 9.9 6.5 18.7 13.0 12.1 12.9 : : : : 9.0 12.0 2016 7.9 10.2 17.8 9.9 10.2 9.8 7.0 19.3 13.0 12.0 12.9 : : : : 9.8 12.1 2017 7.7 10.2 17.5 10.0 10.2 9.7 7.3 19.2 12.9 11.8 12.8 : : : : 9.3 12.0 2018 8.0 10.6 17.5 10.1 9.8 9.7 7.0 19.1 12.8 11.7 12.7 : : : : 6.3 12.1 2019 8.2 11.8 17.3 10.5 9.6 9.7 7.3 19.0 12.9 12.2 12.8 : : 7.5 : 7.1 12.1 2020 8.1 10.9 17.3 10.7 9.6 9.7 7.3 18.8 12.9 12.3 12.8 : : 7.5 : 7.5 12.2


132


62. Compensation of employees; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 12.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 12.4 :

1985 : : : : : : 13.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 14.2 :

1990 : 12.0 14.5

1991 : 8.6 : : : : 12.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.8 : 1992 : 8.8 : : : : 12.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.3 : 1993 : 8.9 : : : : 13.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 16.1 : 1994 : 8.7 : : : : 13.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 15.3 : 1995 11.5 8.7 11.8 10.6 10.2 11.0 13.2 10.5 11.7 10.2 9.6 9.7 14.4 9.5 12.1 12.5 11.1 9.3 14.8 10.61996 11.6 8.7 11.2 10.2 9.6 10.9 13.4 10.9 12.3 10.4 10.5 9.5 14.9 9.1 11.9 12.6 11.0 9.3 15.0 10.71997 11.4 8.6 10.5 9.7 10.3 10.6 13.3 11.0 12.8 10.0 11.1 9.7 14.0 8.9 11.6 12.7 11.0 9.1 14.2 10.61998 11.3 8.4 10.4 8.9 10.2 10.4 13.1 10.2 12.5 10.2 12.6 9.5 14.0 8.7 11.4 13.0 10.7 9.3 13.5 10.41999 11.4 8.4 11.7 8.5 10.3 10.3 13.1 10.2 12.5 10.9 13.3 8.7 13.4 8.7 11.5 13.3 10.7 9.3 13.1 10.32000 11.1 8.2 10.8 8.2 10.5 10.1 12.9 10.1 12.5 10.7 12.0 8.4 12.7 8.5 11.2 13.7 11.1 8.7 12.8 10.2

2001 11.3 8.1 10.2 8.6 10.4 9.9 12.9 10.1 12.2 10.2 11.6 8.8 14.3 8.5 11.0 13.9 11.5 8.8 12.6 10.12002 11.7 8.2 10.3 8.8 10.9 9.7 13.0 10.2 12.6 10.2 11.3 8.9 13.9 8.8 10.9 14.1 11.3 9.0 12.9 10.32003 11.9 8.2 10.2 9.2 10.6 9.8 13.1 10.4 14.1 10.2 10.7 9.1 13.8 9.0 10.9 14.3 11.5 8.7 13.2 10.42004 11.6 8.0 10.2 9.3 11.3 9.8 12.9 10.4 13.6 10.1 10.8 9.1 13.7 8.9 10.8 14.3 11.3 7.9 13.2 10.32005 11.7 7.9 9.8 9.7 11.4 9.7 12.8 10.5 13.5 9.5 10.3 9.0 13.1 8.7 11.0 14.5 11.3 7.9 13.3 10.32006 11.6 7.7 9.2 9.8 11.0 9.7 12.6 10.6 13.5 9.3 10.4 8.4 12.8 8.4 10.8 13.8 11.0 7.8 13.1 10.12007 11.5 7.3 9.4 10.1 11.1 9.9 12.4 10.2 13.2 9.9 9.8 8.1 12.4 8.2 10.5 13.1 10.4 7.3 12.6 9.92008 11.8 7.4 11.1 11.3 11.6 10.6 12.4 10.4 13.2 11.4 10.6 8.3 13.8 8.3 10.6 13.1 10.8 7.5 12.9 10.12009 12.5 8.0 12.6 12.2 13.1 11.6 13.1 10.9 14.6 12.0 12.7 9.2 13.7 9.1 11.3 14.0 12.2 8.6 14.3 10.82010 12.3 7.9 11.6 11.5 12.4 11.6 13.0 10.8 14.3 10.3 10.9 8.9 13.0 9.1 11.2 13.7 12.6 8.5 14.1 10.7

2011 12.3 7.7 10.7 11.3 12.6 11.5 12.8 10.4 14.6 9.6 10.2 8.8 12.9 8.9 10.8 12.8 12.7 8.3 13.9 10.42012 12.6 7.7 10.3 10.8 12.8 11.0 12.9 10.3 14.6 9.2 9.7 9.1 12.9 8.9 10.7 11.7 12.6 8.2 14.3 10.42013 12.8 7.7 10.6 10.3 12.2 11.2 12.9 10.3 14.3 9.4 9.5 9.0 12.8 8.8 10.7 12.5 11.9 8.6 14.3 10.42014 12.7 7.6 10.8 9.4 12.2 11.1 13.0 10.1 13.3 9.6 9.5 8.7 12.3 8.7 10.6 11.9 11.3 8.8 14.2 10.22015 12.4 7.5 11.3 7.2 12.1 11.0 12.8 9.8 12.8 9.9 9.6 8.9 11.6 8.5 10.7 11.3 11.1 8.9 13.8 10.02016 12.3 7.5 11.5 7.1 12.1 10.9 12.7 9.7 12.2 10.2 9.8 8.8 11.4 8.5 10.7 11.2 11.4 9.1 13.3 9.92017 12.3 7.5 11.3 7.0 11.9 10.5 12.7 9.6 12.0 10.2 9.5 9.0 11.2 8.3 10.6 10.9 11.2 9.2 12.5 9.82018 12.3 7.6 11.3 7.0 11.8 10.5 12.5 9.8 11.8 10.2 9.8 9.2 11.2 8.2 10.4 10.8 10.9 9.3 12.3 9.82019 12.3 7.7 11.5 7.1 11.6 10.5 12.3 9.8 12.1 10.5 9.4 9.3 11.1 8.4 10.4 10.9 11.2 9.5 12.2 9.82020 12.3 7.7 11.5 7.0 11.3 10.5 12.2 9.7 12.4 10.5 9.5 9.4 11.1 8.4 10.3 10.9 11.2 9.7 12.2 9.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

133


62. Compensation of employees; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 12.1

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.9

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.4 10.2

1990 : : : : : : : : : 9.8 : : : : : : 5.8 10.5

1991 : : : : : : : : : 10.1 : : : : : : 5.7 10.81992 : : : : : : : : : 10.5 : : : : : : 5.8 10.91993 : : : : : : : : : 10.1 : : : : : : 5.9 10.71994 : : : : : : : : : 9.4 : : : : : : : 10.41995 6.9 8.5 16.1 : 11.6 11.2 6.7 13.5 : 9.2 : : : : : : : 10.21996 6.1 8.4 16.0 : 10.7 11.1 6.4 13.9 : 9.1 : : : : : : : 9.91997 6.5 8.1 15.8 : 10.4 11.2 5.4 13.6 : 8.9 : : : : : : : 9.71998 8.6 7.6 16.0 : 10.5 10.7 5.9 12.6 : 8.7 : : : : : : : 9.61999 10.2 8.0 16.1 : 10.7 10.9 8.1 12.5 : 8.7 : : : : : : : 9.52000 10.1 7.8 15.5 : 10.6 10.9 7.9 12.4 : 8.8 : : : : : : : 9.5

2001 8.6 8.1 15.7 12.0 11.0 11.7 8.3 12.5 10.4 9.2 10.2 : : : : : : 9.82002 9.3 8.6 16.0 12.0 12.0 11.7 8.5 12.7 10.5 9.4 10.3 : : : : : : 10.22003 10.1 9.1 16.3 11.7 13.0 11.6 8.4 13.1 10.6 9.8 10.5 : : : : : : 10.32004 9.9 8.7 16.1 11.7 12.4 10.9 8.2 12.9 10.5 10.2 10.4 : : : : : : 10.22005 9.3 8.7 15.7 11.2 12.3 10.9 8.8 12.7 10.5 10.4 10.5 : : : : : 6.0 10.02006 8.6 8.6 15.4 10.9 11.9 10.7 9.3 12.5 10.3 10.4 10.3 : : : : : 6.0 9.92007 8.5 8.3 15.3 11.3 11.4 10.5 9.5 12.3 10.1 10.2 10.1 : : : : : 5.9 9.92008 8.8 8.3 15.6 11.1 11.3 10.8 10.0 12.5 10.3 10.2 10.3 : : : : : 6.0 10.32009 9.4 9.0 17.5 12.3 11.2 11.0 10.3 12.9 11.0 10.8 11.0 : : : : 8.3 6.2 10.82010 9.0 8.9 17.3 12.1 10.8 11.0 9.6 12.3 10.8 10.8 10.8 : : : : 8.3 5.9 10.7

2011 8.6 8.7 16.8 12.1 10.1 10.5 7.9 12.2 10.6 10.3 10.5 : : : : 7.9 6.0 10.42012 8.7 8.9 16.6 12.0 9.9 10.3 7.8 12.6 10.5 10.1 10.4 : : : : 8.3 5.9 10.02013 9.5 8.9 16.4 11.6 10.0 10.4 8.1 12.8 10.5 9.5 10.4 : : : : 7.9 5.7 9.92014 9.5 8.8 16.2 11.4 10.2 10.5 7.9 12.7 10.4 9.2 10.2 : : : : 8.0 5.7 9.72015 9.4 8.7 16.0 11.5 10.5 10.4 7.8 12.4 10.2 9.1 10.0 : : : : 7.8 5.5 9.72016 9.0 8.8 15.6 11.4 10.9 10.4 9.0 12.6 10.2 9.1 10.0 : : : : 8.3 5.5 9.62017 9.3 9.1 15.3 11.4 10.9 10.2 9.9 12.7 10.1 9.0 9.9 : : : : 7.6 : 9.52018 9.5 9.8 15.3 11.7 10.5 10.1 11.0 12.7 10.1 9.0 9.9 : : : : 7.7 : 9.22019 9.8 10.3 15.2 11.7 10.1 10.3 11.9 12.6 10.1 8.9 9.9 : : 4.0 : 8.3 : 9.12020 9.9 10.5 15.0 11.7 9.9 10.3 11.9 12.5 10.0 9.0 9.9 : : 4.0 : 8.2 : 9.0


134


63. Intermediate consumption; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 :

1980 : : : : : : 5.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 5.9 :

1985 : : : : : : 5.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 6.6 :

1990 : 4.9 7.1

1991 : 4.0 : : : : 5.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 : 1992 : 4.0 : : : : 5.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.3 : 1993 : 4.0 : : : : 5.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.3 : 1994 : 3.8 : : : : 5.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 : 1995 3.6 3.7 10.8 5.7 5.3 4.3 5.1 4.6 1.3 7.6 9.1 3.5 5.0 6.4 6.0 4.3 6.2 7.8 8.1 4.61996 3.7 3.7 9.6 5.4 5.5 4.1 5.4 4.5 1.2 6.8 8.6 3.5 5.0 6.2 6.1 4.4 6.1 8.7 8.2 4.61997 3.6 3.6 9.1 5.3 5.0 4.1 5.4 4.5 2.5 6.9 9.6 3.4 4.9 6.0 5.5 4.3 5.9 7.5 8.2 4.61998 3.6 3.6 8.7 5.3 5.2 4.0 4.8 4.6 4.2 7.3 9.3 3.3 4.5 5.9 5.6 4.2 6.0 7.0 7.6 4.51999 3.7 3.7 8.8 5.2 5.5 4.0 4.8 4.7 4.2 7.2 7.0 3.2 4.4 5.8 5.7 4.4 6.1 5.5 7.6 4.52000 3.7 3.6 7.8 5.1 5.3 4.0 4.8 4.7 3.3 6.6 7.3 3.4 4.9 5.8 5.4 4.7 6.3 6.1 7.5 4.5

2001 3.8 3.7 7.4 5.2 6.0 4.0 4.6 4.9 4.4 7.4 6.0 3.4 4.5 6.0 5.5 4.6 6.2 6.1 7.7 4.52002 4.2 3.8 7.3 5.3 5.7 4.2 4.8 4.9 4.8 7.5 6.3 3.7 4.6 6.2 5.5 4.6 6.3 5.6 8.2 4.62003 4.2 3.8 7.3 5.2 5.9 4.3 4.8 4.9 4.7 8.0 5.9 3.8 4.8 6.5 5.6 4.7 6.0 5.6 8.5 4.72004 4.1 3.7 6.7 5.2 6.4 4.5 4.9 5.0 3.7 8.1 5.6 3.7 5.3 6.4 5.6 4.9 5.9 5.1 8.6 4.72005 4.0 3.9 6.5 4.6 5.9 4.6 4.9 5.1 3.8 6.5 5.6 3.8 4.8 6.4 6.4 5.1 5.9 5.1 8.8 4.82006 3.9 3.9 6.1 4.7 6.3 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.2 6.1 5.8 3.4 5.5 6.2 6.4 5.1 5.9 6.0 8.9 4.82007 3.7 3.8 5.8 4.9 6.7 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.2 5.4 5.1 3.2 5.3 6.4 6.0 5.4 5.5 5.2 8.9 4.82008 4.0 4.0 6.5 5.3 6.2 5.3 4.7 5.1 4.2 6.2 5.6 3.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 5.5 6.0 4.8 9.4 4.92009 4.3 4.5 6.9 5.9 6.7 5.7 5.1 5.4 4.8 6.1 5.7 4.0 5.9 6.9 6.8 6.2 6.5 6.1 10.8 5.42010 4.2 4.6 6.9 5.5 6.1 5.6 5.1 5.4 4.4 6.6 6.3 3.8 6.1 7.0 6.7 5.9 6.8 5.7 11.0 5.4

2011 4.2 4.6 6.6 5.1 4.9 5.7 5.1 5.3 4.4 6.6 5.1 3.6 6.3 6.7 6.5 6.0 7.1 5.6 10.9 5.32012 4.3 4.6 6.6 4.8 5.1 5.6 5.1 5.4 4.1 6.1 4.9 3.9 6.7 6.5 6.5 5.8 6.9 5.5 11.3 5.32013 4.4 4.7 6.6 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.6 4.0 6.3 4.6 3.7 6.2 6.4 6.5 5.6 6.8 5.5 11.5 5.32014 4.2 4.7 6.6 4.6 4.9 5.3 5.1 5.5 3.6 6.1 4.7 3.5 6.1 6.6 6.4 5.7 6.6 5.6 11.5 5.32015 4.1 4.7 6.7 3.5 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.4 3.7 6.2 5.0 3.7 6.1 6.3 6.4 5.6 6.6 5.9 11.0 5.22016 4.0 4.8 6.8 3.5 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.4 3.4 5.8 4.8 3.7 6.1 6.0 6.3 5.5 6.4 5.5 11.0 5.22017 4.0 4.8 6.6 3.4 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.6 3.6 5.7 4.6 3.7 6.4 5.8 6.2 5.4 6.3 5.7 10.9 5.22018 4.1 4.8 6.4 3.4 4.4 5.0 5.0 5.6 3.9 5.9 4.4 3.7 6.8 5.8 6.1 5.4 6.3 5.4 10.7 5.12019 4.0 4.8 6.4 3.6 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.6 4.0 5.3 4.9 3.7 6.8 5.9 6.0 5.4 6.2 5.4 10.7 5.22020 4.1 4.8 6.3 3.6 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.6 3.9 5.2 4.8 3.7 6.8 5.9 6.0 5.4 6.1 5.4 10.7 5.2

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

135


63. Intermediate consumption; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.0

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.6 5.7

1990 : : : : : : : : : 5.2 : : : : : : 2.6 5.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : 5.4 : : : : : : 2.7 5.91992 : : : : : : : : : 5.8 : : : : : : 2.8 5.81993 : : : : : : : : : 5.7 : : : : : : 2.9 5.81994 : : : : : : : : : 6.0 : : : : : : : 5.71995 4.8 8.1 7.1 : 7.8 7.0 6.1 9.4 : 6.0 : : : : : : : 5.71996 4.6 7.0 7.2 : 7.1 7.3 5.9 9.0 : 5.8 : : : : : : : 5.61997 6.8 7.3 7.0 : 6.9 6.9 7.9 8.8 : 5.6 : : : : : : : 5.61998 6.4 6.8 7.1 : 6.5 7.0 6.6 9.2 : 5.7 : : : : : : : 5.61999 7.5 7.2 7.5 : 6.7 6.7 9.6 8.7 : 6.0 : : : : : : : 5.72000 8.1 7.1 7.5 : 6.6 6.7 9.5 8.2 : 6.2 : : : : : : : 5.8

2001 7.1 6.9 7.8 6.5 6.4 6.9 7.7 8.2 4.8 6.5 5.2 : : : : : : 6.12002 8.1 7.5 8.0 7.7 6.4 6.9 6.9 8.3 5.0 6.9 5.3 : : : : : : 6.42003 8.1 8.0 7.9 7.1 6.5 6.8 6.9 8.2 5.0 7.1 5.4 : : : : : : 6.52004 8.0 7.4 8.0 6.7 6.3 6.5 5.7 8.0 5.0 7.6 5.5 : : : : : : 6.62005 8.2 7.1 8.1 6.9 6.3 6.2 6.5 8.0 5.1 7.7 5.6 : : : : : 3.7 6.62006 7.1 7.2 8.1 7.0 6.4 6.2 6.1 8.0 5.1 8.0 5.6 : : : : : 3.5 6.72007 7.2 6.9 8.0 7.0 6.3 6.1 6.4 7.8 5.1 8.1 5.6 : : : : : 3.4 6.82008 6.9 6.9 8.6 7.1 7.0 6.3 6.3 8.1 5.3 8.8 5.8 : : : : : 3.4 7.22009 5.8 7.4 9.7 7.2 7.6 6.0 6.0 8.7 5.7 9.7 6.2 : : : : 4.5 3.7 7.62010 5.7 7.3 9.4 7.4 7.7 6.4 5.5 8.4 5.7 9.3 6.2 : : : : 4.8 3.8 7.6

2011 5.5 7.0 9.2 7.4 7.3 5.8 5.8 8.4 5.6 8.8 6.0 : : : : 4.4 3.9 7.32012 5.4 6.4 9.4 7.5 7.3 5.8 6.0 8.4 5.6 8.7 6.1 : : : : 4.9 3.8 6.92013 5.7 6.6 9.2 7.7 7.4 5.8 5.7 8.5 5.6 8.8 6.1 : : : : 5.1 3.9 6.62014 5.5 6.4 9.1 8.1 7.6 5.7 6.0 8.4 5.6 8.7 6.1 : : : : 4.9 3.9 6.32015 5.3 6.2 9.0 8.2 7.5 5.7 5.9 8.1 5.5 8.4 6.0 : : : : 5.1 3.8 6.22016 4.8 6.1 8.9 8.3 7.5 5.6 5.6 8.0 5.4 8.1 5.9 : : : : 5.3 3.8 6.22017 4.9 5.9 8.8 8.1 7.9 5.5 5.2 7.9 5.4 7.9 5.8 : : : : 5.5 : 6.22018 5.1 6.1 8.8 8.2 7.1 5.6 5.1 8.0 5.4 8.0 5.8 : : : : 5.5 : 6.12019 4.8 6.1 8.7 8.4 7.3 5.6 5.1 7.9 5.4 8.2 5.8 : : 2.5 : 5.4 : 6.22020 4.6 6.0 8.6 8.4 7.3 5.6 5.1 7.9 5.4 8.2 5.8 : : 2.5 : 5.1 : 6.1

1) EU excluding UK

136


64. Social benefits other than social transfers in kind; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.2 :

1980 : : : : : : 15.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 10.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 17.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 13.6 :

1990 : 16.2 14.4

1991 : 14.9 : : : : 16.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 17.9 : 1992 : 15.6 : : : : 17.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 21.6 : 1993 : 16.6 : : : : 17.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.1 : 1994 : 16.8 : : : : 17.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 23.0 : 1995 15.6 17.2 9.5 10.6 11.0 13.2 17.7 15.7 7.3 11.6 8.2 14.6 11.0 14.1 19.9 10.7 15.3 13.9 21.3 16.31996 15.7 17.9 9.8 10.2 11.0 13.1 17.8 15.9 7.6 12.2 8.6 14.3 11.9 13.6 19.8 10.8 15.1 13.9 20.7 16.51997 15.5 18.0 9.4 10.3 11.0 12.7 17.9 16.3 8.1 12.0 9.6 14.5 12.0 12.6 19.2 10.6 15.5 13.3 19.1 16.41998 15.2 17.7 9.6 9.3 11.4 12.2 17.5 16.0 8.2 12.6 10.8 14.5 12.1 11.7 18.8 10.8 15.5 13.4 17.6 16.01999 14.9 17.9 10.5 8.1 11.7 11.9 17.3 16.2 8.3 14.5 12.2 13.5 12.1 11.1 18.9 10.8 15.5 14.1 17.0 16.02000 14.4 17.4 9.5 7.3 12.3 11.7 16.8 15.8 8.4 12.2 11.5 13.1 11.4 10.4 18.7 11.1 15.6 13.4 15.7 15.5

2001 14.6 17.6 9.1 7.9 12.6 11.5 16.9 15.6 8.6 11.1 11.3 13.8 11.8 10.3 18.6 11.4 15.6 13.4 15.3 15.42002 15.1 18.0 8.9 8.3 12.6 11.6 17.2 15.9 9.5 9.9 10.0 14.5 11.9 10.3 18.8 11.9 15.6 13.6 15.8 15.72003 15.3 18.4 8.9 8.3 13.1 11.5 17.4 16.1 10.4 9.0 9.8 15.5 11.8 10.6 19.0 13.1 15.6 11.9 16.1 15.92004 15.1 18.1 9.2 8.5 12.8 11.6 17.4 16.2 11.0 9.1 9.7 15.2 11.9 10.5 18.7 13.5 15.5 12.6 15.9 15.82005 15.0 17.9 8.9 8.9 13.6 11.5 17.5 16.3 11.6 8.4 9.3 15.2 12.0 10.2 18.3 14.0 15.4 12.7 15.7 15.72006 14.8 17.1 8.6 9.1 14.0 11.3 17.6 16.3 11.0 8.0 9.2 14.2 11.8 9.9 18.0 14.1 15.0 12.3 15.3 15.42007 14.7 16.0 8.4 9.7 14.6 11.5 17.5 16.4 10.4 7.0 9.7 13.4 11.9 9.5 17.4 14.1 14.1 11.9 14.5 15.12008 15.3 15.8 10.4 11.6 16.0 12.3 17.6 17.0 10.9 8.1 11.5 14.5 11.7 9.5 17.6 14.6 14.4 11.7 14.7 15.42009 16.7 17.3 13.8 14.3 17.5 14.4 19.2 18.5 11.9 13.0 16.2 16.6 12.5 10.5 19.0 16.4 16.1 14.1 17.3 17.02010 16.4 16.7 12.7 14.2 17.7 15.1 19.2 18.6 12.7 13.2 14.3 15.9 12.2 10.8 19.2 16.4 16.8 14.4 17.5 17.0

2011 16.4 15.7 11.2 14.0 19.5 15.3 19.2 18.6 13.2 11.2 12.5 15.3 12.2 11.0 18.5 17.0 17.2 13.9 17.2 16.72012 16.9 15.6 10.7 13.9 20.3 16.2 19.5 19.3 13.2 10.3 12.0 16.0 12.4 11.2 18.7 17.6 17.1 14.1 18.1 17.12013 17.4 15.5 10.6 13.1 19.0 16.6 19.9 19.9 13.7 10.4 11.3 15.9 12.1 11.6 19.0 18.5 17.1 14.1 18.9 17.32014 17.3 15.4 10.6 11.8 19.7 16.5 20.0 20.2 14.0 10.2 10.9 15.5 11.3 11.6 19.1 17.8 16.5 14.0 19.6 17.22015 17.2 15.4 11.4 8.8 19.8 15.8 19.8 20.1 13.9 10.5 10.8 15.4 10.2 11.3 18.9 17.4 16.1 13.9 19.8 17.02016 17.2 15.4 11.6 8.4 19.9 15.6 19.8 19.9 13.8 10.7 11.0 15.3 9.9 11.2 18.7 17.0 15.6 13.9 19.6 16.92017 17.1 15.4 11.4 7.8 19.0 15.2 19.6 19.8 13.3 10.3 11.0 15.6 9.4 10.9 18.2 16.5 15.1 13.5 19.0 16.72018 17.2 15.4 11.6 7.3 18.6 15.3 19.5 19.9 13.0 10.2 11.9 15.3 8.9 10.5 17.9 16.4 14.6 13.1 18.4 16.62019 17.3 15.7 11.7 7.1 17.8 15.6 19.4 20.6 14.4 10.3 12.4 15.4 9.0 10.4 17.7 16.6 14.6 12.8 18.3 16.72020 17.4 15.7 11.8 6.9 17.1 15.6 19.4 20.9 15.4 10.5 12.9 15.6 9.0 10.5 17.6 16.6 14.3 12.4 18.1 16.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

137


64. Social benefits other than social transfers in kind; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.8

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.8

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.6

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.0 9.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : 10.1 : : : : : : 7.2 9.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : 11.8 : : : : : : 6.8 10.71992 : : : : : : : : : 13.1 : : : : : : 7.1 11.31993 : : : : : : : : : 13.4 : : : : : : 7.4 11.41994 : : : : : : : : : 13.2 : : : : : : 7.6 11.31995 7.0 10.8 19.5 : 14.9 16.8 9.2 17.2 : 13.0 : : : : : : 7.9 11.41996 7.5 11.0 18.9 : 13.2 16.8 9.0 16.4 : 12.6 : : : : : : 8.1 11.31997 8.1 11.6 18.0 : 12.4 17.0 9.5 15.8 : 12.3 : : : : : : 8.2 11.01998 9.0 11.6 17.4 : 12.9 16.3 10.7 15.7 : 11.9 : : : : : : 8.7 10.71999 10.9 12.1 16.9 : 13.0 16.7 10.4 15.4 : 11.6 : : : : : : 9.2 10.42000 12.1 12.3 16.3 : 12.5 16.1 9.7 14.8 : 11.3 : : : : : : 9.3 10.3

2001 11.6 12.1 16.4 13.1 12.4 17.1 9.8 14.9 15.4 11.7 14.7 : : : : : 9.6 10.92002 11.7 12.4 16.5 16.1 13.1 17.1 9.3 15.1 15.6 11.7 14.9 : : : : : 10.1 11.52003 11.1 12.3 17.2 13.3 13.6 17.0 8.8 15.5 15.8 11.9 15.2 : : : : : 10.2 11.62004 10.9 11.7 16.9 13.6 13.7 16.0 9.0 15.2 15.7 12.1 15.1 : : : : : 10.3 11.62005 10.3 11.5 16.2 12.5 14.2 15.7 9.1 14.9 15.6 12.0 14.9 : : : : : 10.4 11.52006 9.9 11.6 15.2 13.3 14.7 15.2 8.9 14.4 15.2 11.7 14.6 : : : : : 10.6 11.62007 9.1 11.9 14.8 12.6 15.1 14.2 9.0 13.6 14.9 11.9 14.3 : : : : : 10.8 11.82008 9.6 11.8 14.6 12.2 15.5 14.0 9.9 13.6 15.1 12.4 14.7 : : : : : 11.2 13.22009 11.3 12.9 16.6 13.7 16.0 14.5 12.0 14.8 16.7 14.2 16.4 : : : : 9.3 12.7 14.72010 11.8 13.1 17.1 13.8 15.6 14.6 12.8 14.0 16.6 14.3 16.3 : : : : 8.6 12.8 15.3

2011 11.1 13.1 17.2 14.2 15.2 13.9 11.9 13.4 16.4 14.2 16.1 : : : : 8.9 13.2 15.02012 11.1 13.1 17.3 14.1 15.1 14.0 11.2 14.0 16.7 14.5 16.3 : : : : 8.6 13.2 14.52013 11.9 13.3 17.4 14.1 14.7 14.5 10.7 14.3 16.9 14.2 16.5 : : : : 8.8 13.1 14.32014 12.2 12.9 17.2 14.4 13.8 14.4 10.5 13.8 16.8 13.8 16.3 : : : : 8.3 12.8 14.42015 12.0 12.4 17.0 14.5 13.0 14.3 10.6 13.4 16.6 13.7 16.1 : : : : 8.3 12.5 14.62016 11.7 12.2 16.6 13.6 12.8 15.3 10.6 13.2 16.5 13.4 16.0 : : : : 9.2 12.6 14.62017 11.3 11.8 16.2 13.3 12.2 15.1 10.8 12.9 16.2 13.0 15.7 : : : : 8.7 12.5 14.52018 11.1 11.9 16.1 13.4 11.6 14.9 10.8 12.7 16.1 12.8 15.6 : : : : 8.3 12.6 14.42019 11.0 12.2 16.2 13.4 11.1 15.8 11.0 12.8 16.3 12.7 15.8 : : 16.8 : 8.3 12.7 14.62020 10.8 12.4 16.2 13.4 10.9 16.0 12.2 12.7 16.3 12.7 15.8 : : 16.8 : 8.3 12.8 14.8


138


65. Social transfers in kind supplied to households via market producers; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 3.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 :

1985 : : : : : : 4.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 :

1990 : 4.2 1.1

1991 : 6.4 : : : : 4.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.2 : 1992 : 6.8 : : : : 4.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : 1993 : 6.8 : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : 1994 : 7.0 : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : 1995 5.7 7.3 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.1 4.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.6 3.7 0.3 7.0 2.8 1.5 1.7 0.2 1.4 4.81996 6.0 7.5 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.1 4.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 4.0 0.3 6.6 2.7 1.7 1.6 2.4 1.6 4.81997 5.7 7.3 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.0 4.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.2 4.0 0.3 6.7 2.8 1.7 1.7 2.4 1.4 4.71998 5.8 7.3 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.2 4.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 3.8 0.3 6.7 2.9 1.7 1.8 2.4 1.5 4.71999 5.9 7.3 1.7 1.4 2.1 2.3 4.8 2.1 0.0 0.0 1.8 4.2 0.3 6.7 3.1 1.8 1.8 2.5 1.6 4.72000 5.9 7.3 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.3 4.8 2.3 0.0 0.0 1.4 3.8 0.3 6.8 3.0 1.8 1.9 2.4 1.6 4.7

2001 6.2 7.3 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3 4.9 2.5 0.0 0.0 1.3 4.3 0.4 7.0 3.0 1.9 2.0 2.5 1.7 4.82002 6.2 7.5 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.4 5.1 2.5 0.0 0.8 1.4 4.4 0.4 7.6 3.1 1.9 2.1 2.8 1.8 4.92003 6.5 7.6 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.3 5.4 2.5 0.1 0.8 1.5 4.6 0.4 7.9 3.2 2.1 2.0 3.3 1.9 5.02004 6.7 7.3 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.5 5.4 2.7 0.0 0.6 1.5 4.9 0.5 7.8 3.3 2.2 2.0 3.0 2.0 5.02005 6.8 7.4 1.3 1.9 2.4 2.5 5.4 2.7 0.1 0.6 1.8 5.0 0.5 7.7 3.2 2.2 2.0 4.3 2.1 5.02006 6.6 7.3 1.3 2.0 2.5 2.6 5.4 2.7 0.1 0.6 1.7 4.6 0.6 9.1 3.3 2.1 2.0 4.3 2.1 5.02007 6.6 7.2 1.3 2.1 2.6 2.4 5.5 2.6 0.1 0.7 1.6 4.4 0.5 9.0 3.4 2.0 1.9 4.4 2.1 5.02008 7.1 7.3 1.6 2.4 2.9 2.6 5.5 2.7 0.1 0.8 1.7 4.5 0.6 9.2 3.5 2.1 1.9 4.6 2.2 5.12009 7.7 8.1 1.9 2.7 3.1 2.9 5.9 2.9 0.1 1.0 2.0 5.0 0.6 10.3 3.7 2.4 2.2 5.1 2.5 5.62010 7.6 7.9 1.8 3.0 3.2 2.9 5.9 2.9 0.1 1.1 1.9 4.9 0.6 10.5 3.7 2.2 2.1 5.2 2.5 5.6

2011 7.8 7.8 1.7 2.9 3.4 2.9 5.9 2.7 0.1 1.1 2.0 4.6 0.6 10.5 3.7 1.9 2.2 4.8 2.6 5.52012 7.9 7.8 1.7 3.0 2.9 2.7 6.0 2.7 0.0 1.1 1.8 4.8 0.5 10.7 3.7 2.0 2.1 4.8 2.6 5.62013 7.9 8.1 1.7 2.8 2.4 2.7 6.0 2.7 0.0 1.1 1.6 5.0 0.5 10.6 3.8 1.9 2.1 4.9 2.7 5.72014 8.0 8.2 1.7 2.6 2.1 2.7 6.1 2.7 0.0 1.1 1.6 4.8 0.5 10.5 3.9 1.9 1.9 5.0 2.7 5.72015 8.0 8.3 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.6 6.1 2.7 0.0 1.2 1.7 4.6 0.6 10.3 3.9 1.9 2.0 5.0 2.8 5.72016 8.0 8.5 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.6 6.1 2.6 0.0 1.4 1.7 4.4 0.6 10.3 4.0 1.8 2.0 5.2 2.8 5.82017 7.9 8.5 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.6 6.1 2.6 0.0 1.4 1.6 4.7 0.6 10.2 3.9 1.8 1.9 5.0 2.8 5.82018 7.9 8.5 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.6 6.0 2.6 0.0 1.3 1.7 4.6 0.7 10.1 4.0 1.8 1.9 5.0 2.8 5.72019 8.0 8.6 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.6 6.0 2.6 0.0 1.2 1.6 4.6 0.7 10.3 4.0 1.9 1.9 5.0 2.9 5.82020 8.0 8.6 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.5 6.0 2.6 0.0 1.2 1.5 4.6 0.7 10.4 4.0 1.9 1.9 5.0 3.0 5.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

139


65. Social transfers in kind supplied to households via market producers; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.0

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.0

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.8 0.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : 3.7 0.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : 1.2 : : : : : : 3.7 0.01992 : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : : : : : : 3.9 0.01993 : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : : : : : : 4.1 0.01994 : : : : : : : : : 1.4 : : : : : : 4.5 0.01995 1.1 2.2 1.3 : 2.4 1.7 0.4 2.0 : 1.4 : : : : : : 4.7 0.01996 1.0 2.7 1.3 : 2.5 1.4 0.4 2.1 : 1.4 : : : : : : 4.8 0.01997 0.1 2.7 1.2 : 2.6 1.2 0.5 1.9 : 1.4 : : : : : : 4.8 0.01998 0.1 2.7 1.3 : 2.7 1.1 0.4 2.1 : 1.5 : : : : : : 4.9 0.01999 2.0 2.8 1.2 : 2.6 1.6 0.3 2.2 : 1.7 : : : : : : 5.1 0.02000 0.4 2.7 1.2 : 2.5 1.9 0.3 2.4 : 1.7 : : : : : : 5.6 0.0

2001 3.0 2.8 1.3 2.1 2.5 1.8 0.1 2.5 4.5 1.8 4.0 : : : : : 5.9 0.02002 1.5 3.1 1.4 1.8 2.6 1.8 0.3 2.7 4.6 2.0 4.1 : : : : : 6.1 0.02003 1.6 3.1 1.4 1.9 2.7 1.9 0.2 2.8 4.7 2.1 4.3 : : : : : 6.2 0.02004 1.4 3.1 1.4 2.1 2.9 2.0 0.9 2.6 4.6 2.2 4.2 : : : : : 6.3 0.02005 1.2 3.0 1.4 2.1 3.2 1.8 0.9 2.6 4.6 2.3 4.2 : : : : : 6.6 0.02006 1.1 2.7 1.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 0.8 2.6 4.7 2.3 4.3 : : : : : 6.5 0.02007 1.2 2.7 1.5 2.0 2.8 1.8 0.8 2.6 4.6 2.3 4.2 : : : : : 6.7 0.02008 1.5 2.7 1.6 1.8 2.7 1.9 0.8 2.7 4.7 2.3 4.3 : : : : : 7.0 0.02009 1.6 3.1 1.7 2.2 2.8 2.0 0.6 3.1 5.2 2.5 4.8 : : : : 4.1 7.7 0.02010 1.6 3.0 1.7 2.1 2.5 1.9 1.1 3.2 5.2 2.5 4.8 : : : : 3.4 7.9 0.0

2011 1.8 3.1 1.6 2.0 2.6 1.8 1.3 3.3 5.1 2.5 4.7 : : : : 2.9 8.4 0.02012 1.9 3.2 1.6 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.0 3.4 5.2 2.5 4.7 : : : : 2.7 8.6 0.02013 2.0 3.3 1.5 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.0 3.5 5.2 2.3 4.8 : : : : 2.6 8.7 0.02014 2.2 3.2 1.5 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.0 3.6 5.3 2.3 4.8 : : : : 2.5 8.7 0.02015 2.0 3.1 1.5 2.5 1.8 1.9 0.9 3.7 5.3 2.4 4.8 : : : : 2.5 8.7 0.02016 2.2 3.1 1.5 2.4 1.8 1.9 0.9 3.9 5.3 2.4 4.9 : : : : 2.6 8.8 0.02017 2.3 3.0 1.4 2.3 1.7 1.9 0.8 3.7 5.3 2.4 4.9 : : : : 2.5 8.8 0.02018 2.1 3.1 1.4 2.2 1.8 1.9 0.9 3.6 5.2 2.4 4.8 : : : : 2.5 : 0.02019 2.3 3.1 1.4 2.2 1.8 1.9 0.9 3.6 5.3 2.4 4.8 : : : : 2.6 : 0.02020 2.3 3.1 1.4 2.2 1.7 1.8 0.9 3.5 5.3 2.4 4.8 : : : : 2.5 : 0.0

1) EU excluding UK

140


66. Interest; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.6 :

1980 : : : : : : 1.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.7 :

1990 : 2.7 1.4

1991 : 2.6 : : : : 2.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.8 : 1992 : 3.1 : : : : 3.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.5 : 1993 : 3.1 : : : : 3.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 : 1994 : 3.2 : : : : 3.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.0 : 1995 9.0 3.4 0.5 5.1 10.7 4.9 3.4 11.1 1.9 0.8 0.3 0.6 1.8 5.1 4.0 5.5 2.1 2.3 3.8 5.31996 8.5 3.4 0.6 4.4 10.3 5.0 3.6 11.1 2.3 1.3 0.8 0.6 2.0 4.7 3.9 4.8 2.0 2.5 4.1 5.31997 7.8 3.3 0.4 3.7 8.3 4.5 3.5 9.2 2.3 0.9 0.7 0.5 2.4 4.4 3.6 3.8 2.3 2.4 4.1 4.91998 7.4 3.3 0.6 3.3 7.7 4.1 3.4 7.9 2.9 0.6 1.1 0.5 2.9 4.2 3.6 3.1 2.1 2.5 3.4 4.51999 6.9 3.0 0.4 2.4 7.6 3.4 3.0 6.4 2.9 0.6 1.5 0.4 3.8 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.3 3.3 2.9 3.92000 6.7 3.1 0.3 1.9 6.9 3.2 2.9 6.1 3.2 0.9 1.7 0.4 4.1 3.3 3.6 3.0 2.4 4.0 2.7 3.8

2001 6.5 3.0 0.2 1.4 6.3 3.0 3.0 6.1 3.2 0.9 1.5 0.4 3.7 2.9 3.6 3.0 2.3 3.9 2.6 3.72002 5.8 2.9 0.3 1.3 5.6 2.6 3.0 5.5 3.0 0.7 1.3 0.3 3.9 2.6 3.4 2.8 2.1 3.5 2.0 3.42003 5.4 2.9 0.2 1.2 4.9 2.3 2.8 5.0 3.2 0.7 1.2 0.3 3.5 2.4 3.2 2.7 1.9 2.5 1.8 3.22004 4.8 2.8 0.2 1.1 4.8 2.0 2.8 4.6 3.0 0.7 0.9 0.2 3.7 2.3 3.0 2.6 1.7 2.1 1.7 3.02005 4.4 2.7 0.2 1.0 4.7 1.7 2.7 4.5 3.2 0.5 0.8 0.2 3.8 2.2 3.2 2.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.92006 4.1 2.7 0.2 1.0 4.4 1.6 2.6 4.4 3.0 0.4 0.7 0.2 3.7 2.0 3.1 2.8 1.4 1.4 1.5 2.82007 4.0 2.7 0.2 1.0 4.5 1.6 2.7 4.8 2.8 0.4 0.7 0.3 3.5 2.0 3.1 2.9 1.2 1.4 1.4 2.92008 4.0 2.7 0.2 1.3 4.8 1.5 2.9 4.9 2.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 3.3 2.0 2.9 3.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 2.92009 3.8 2.6 0.2 2.0 5.0 1.7 2.5 4.4 2.3 1.5 1.2 0.4 3.3 2.0 3.1 3.0 1.3 1.4 1.3 2.82010 3.6 2.5 0.1 2.8 5.9 1.9 2.5 4.3 2.0 1.8 1.8 0.4 3.1 1.8 2.9 2.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 2.8

2011 3.6 2.5 0.1 3.4 7.3 2.5 2.7 4.7 2.1 1.8 1.8 0.5 3.2 1.8 2.8 4.3 1.9 1.5 1.4 3.02012 3.6 2.3 0.1 4.2 5.1 3.0 2.6 5.2 3.1 1.7 2.0 0.5 3.0 1.7 2.7 4.9 2.0 1.8 1.4 3.02013 3.3 2.0 0.1 4.3 4.0 3.5 2.3 4.8 3.4 1.5 1.8 0.5 2.9 1.6 2.6 4.9 2.6 1.9 1.3 2.82014 3.3 1.6 0.1 3.9 3.9 3.5 2.2 4.6 3.2 1.4 1.6 0.4 2.7 1.5 2.4 4.9 3.2 1.9 1.2 2.62015 3.0 1.4 0.1 2.6 3.5 3.1 2.0 4.1 3.2 1.3 1.5 0.4 2.3 1.3 2.3 4.6 3.2 1.7 1.2 2.32016 2.8 1.2 0.1 2.3 3.2 2.8 1.8 3.9 2.8 1.0 1.3 0.3 2.1 1.2 2.1 4.2 3.0 1.6 1.1 2.12017 2.5 1.0 0.0 2.0 3.1 2.6 1.7 3.8 2.6 0.9 1.1 0.3 1.8 1.0 1.8 3.8 2.5 1.4 1.0 2.02018 2.3 0.9 0.0 1.6 3.3 2.5 1.7 3.7 2.5 0.7 0.9 0.3 1.5 0.9 1.7 3.5 2.0 1.3 0.9 1.82019 2.1 0.9 0.0 1.5 3.5 2.3 1.6 3.6 2.4 0.7 0.8 0.2 1.4 0.8 1.5 3.3 1.6 1.3 0.9 1.82020 2.0 0.8 0.0 1.2 3.7 2.1 1.6 3.7 2.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 1.3 0.7 1.4 3.1 1.5 1.2 0.9 1.7

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

141


66. Interest; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.1

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.6

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.1 6.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : 3.1 : : : : : : 3.5 6.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : 2.7 : : : : : : 3.4 6.51992 : : : : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : 3.4 6.21993 : : : : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : 3.3 6.01994 : : : : : : : : : 2.8 : : : : : : 3.3 5.81995 9.8 1.0 5.8 : 8.7 5.6 1.6 5.1 : 3.1 : : : : : : 3.3 6.01996 15.8 1.1 5.6 : 9.0 4.5 1.8 5.2 : 3.1 : : : : : : 3.3 5.81997 6.5 1.1 5.0 : 8.4 4.5 4.4 5.0 : 3.1 : : : : : : 3.3 5.51998 3.6 1.1 4.5 : 7.0 4.0 4.0 4.4 : 3.1 : : : : : : 3.3 5.21999 3.6 0.9 4.1 : 6.7 2.9 5.1 3.8 : 2.6 : : : : : : 3.3 4.72000 4.1 0.8 3.7 : 5.3 3.0 3.9 3.3 : 2.4 : : : : : : 3.1 4.4

2001 4.2 0.9 3.4 1.8 4.7 3.1 3.4 2.6 3.6 2.1 3.3 : : : : : 2.7 4.22002 2.2 1.1 3.1 1.8 4.0 2.9 2.5 2.9 3.4 1.8 3.1 : : : : : 2.4 4.02003 2.2 1.0 2.8 1.8 4.0 3.0 1.6 2.1 3.1 1.8 2.9 : : : : : 2.1 4.02004 1.9 1.1 2.5 1.9 4.3 2.7 1.5 1.7 2.9 1.8 2.8 : : : : : 1.9 3.82005 1.6 1.1 2.1 1.9 4.1 2.5 1.2 1.7 2.8 2.0 2.7 : : : : : 1.7 3.92006 1.3 1.0 1.8 1.9 3.9 2.4 0.8 1.6 2.7 2.0 2.6 : : : : : 1.7 4.02007 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.9 4.0 2.2 0.7 1.7 2.7 2.2 2.6 : : : : : 1.9 4.12008 0.8 1.0 1.4 2.0 4.0 2.1 0.7 1.6 2.8 2.2 2.7 : : : : : 2.0 3.92009 0.7 1.2 1.9 2.3 4.5 2.5 1.4 1.2 2.7 1.8 2.6 : : : : 4.6 2.0 4.22010 0.7 1.3 1.9 2.4 4.1 2.5 1.5 1.0 2.7 2.9 2.7 : : : : 3.8 1.9 4.2

2011 0.7 1.3 2.0 2.7 4.1 2.5 1.6 1.1 2.9 3.1 2.9 : : : : 3.0 2.0 4.42012 0.8 1.4 1.8 3.1 4.6 2.7 1.8 0.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 : : : : 2.9 2.0 4.32013 0.7 1.3 1.7 3.2 4.5 2.5 1.8 0.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 : : : : 2.3 2.0 4.02014 0.9 1.3 1.5 3.4 4.0 2.0 1.7 0.7 2.5 2.7 2.5 : : : : 2.2 1.9 3.92015 0.9 1.1 1.6 3.5 3.5 1.8 1.6 0.6 2.2 2.3 2.2 : : : : 2.0 1.8 3.82016 0.9 0.9 1.3 3.1 3.2 1.7 1.5 0.5 2.0 2.4 2.1 : : : : 2.0 1.8 3.92017 0.8 0.7 1.1 2.7 2.8 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.8 2.7 2.0 : : : : 2.2 1.7 3.92018 0.7 0.8 1.1 2.3 2.5 1.4 1.2 0.5 1.7 2.5 1.9 2.2 : : : 2.4 1.8 4.02019 0.6 0.8 1.1 2.1 2.4 1.4 1.2 0.5 1.7 2.4 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.3 2.0 2.5 1.8 4.02020 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.8 2.4 1.3 1.3 0.5 1.6 2.3 1.7 2.4 2.0 1.2 1.8 2.5 1.7 4.0


142


67. Subsidies; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 :

1980 : : : : : : 1.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.0 :

1990 : 1.7 2.7

1991 : 2.0 : : : : 1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 : 1992 : 1.8 : : : : 1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 : 1993 : 1.8 : : : : 1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.1 : 1994 : 2.0 : : : : 1.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.9 : 1995 1.8 2.0 0.8 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.5 1.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.7 0.8 2.6 1.0 2.1 4.6 2.7 1.71996 2.0 1.9 0.8 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.4 2.2 0.9 2.3 1.2 1.9 3.8 1.9 1.61997 1.7 1.7 0.8 1.3 0.0 0.9 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.4 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.9 4.2 1.8 1.51998 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.2 0.0 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 1.2 2.4 1.2 2.0 2.7 1.6 1.51999 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.3 2.2 1.4 1.9 2.6 1.5 1.52000 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.2 2.1 1.2 1.9 2.4 1.5 1.4

2001 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.0 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.42002 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.1 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.42003 1.8 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.1 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.1 2.0 1.2 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.32004 1.7 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.9 0.9 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.22005 2.2 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.3 1.7 1.1 1.6 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.22006 2.4 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.0 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.6 0.9 1.6 0.9 1.3 1.22007 2.7 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.5 0.8 1.6 0.8 1.2 1.22008 2.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.4 1.4 0.7 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.6 0.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.22009 3.1 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.1 1.2 1.8 1.4 0.2 1.6 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.6 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.42010 3.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.1 1.8 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.5 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.6 0.7 1.8 0.9 1.4 1.4

2011 3.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.7 1.4 0.4 1.0 0.4 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.5 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.42012 3.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.7 1.6 0.5 1.4 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.5 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.32013 3.5 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.7 1.7 0.5 1.5 0.3 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.42014 3.5 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 2.2 1.9 0.5 1.7 0.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.4 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.52015 3.4 0.9 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.1 2.6 1.7 0.4 1.3 0.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.3 1.52016 3.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.0 2.5 1.7 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 1.2 1.52017 3.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.0 2.5 1.5 0.3 1.3 0.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 1.2 1.42018 3.3 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 2.7 1.5 0.3 1.0 0.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 1.2 1.52019 3.4 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.7 1.5 0.3 0.9 0.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.4 0.8 0.5 1.2 1.52020 3.4 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.8 1.5 0.3 0.9 0.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.4 0.8 0.5 1.1 1.3

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

143


67. Subsidies; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.1 0.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : 0.6 : : : : : : 0.8 0.5

1991 : : : : : : : : : 0.5 : : : : : : 0.9 0.41992 : : : : : : : : : 0.6 : : : : : : 0.8 0.51993 : : : : : : : : : 0.6 : : : : : : 0.8 0.51994 : : : : : : : : : 0.6 : : : : : : 0.8 0.41995 0.7 2.2 2.2 : 2.1 1.0 4.1 3.5 : 0.5 : : : : : : 0.8 0.51996 0.7 1.9 2.3 : 2.1 1.1 4.3 3.0 : 0.4 : : : : : : 0.7 0.41997 0.9 2.2 2.2 : 1.6 0.9 3.1 2.5 : 0.5 : : : : : : 0.8 0.41998 1.7 2.4 2.3 : 1.6 0.9 2.0 2.0 : 0.4 : : : : : : 0.7 0.41999 1.5 2.4 2.2 : 1.9 0.8 2.3 1.9 : 0.4 : : : : : : 0.8 0.52000 1.0 2.2 2.0 : 1.6 0.8 2.3 1.5 : 0.4 : : : : : : 0.9 0.4

2001 0.9 2.3 2.0 2.4 1.7 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.2 : : : : : 0.8 0.62002 0.8 1.8 2.1 2.3 1.7 0.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 0.5 1.2 : : : : : 0.7 0.42003 1.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.5 0.6 2.0 1.5 1.3 0.5 1.2 : : : : : 0.8 0.42004 1.0 1.7 2.0 2.4 1.6 0.9 2.0 1.4 1.3 0.5 1.1 : : : : : 0.7 0.42005 0.7 1.5 1.9 2.4 1.3 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.2 0.5 1.1 : : : : : 0.6 0.52006 0.7 1.6 1.8 2.4 1.4 0.9 2.0 1.5 1.2 0.6 1.1 : : : : : 0.6 0.42007 0.8 1.5 1.9 2.5 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.6 1.1 : : : : : 0.5 0.42008 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.6 1.1 : : : : : 0.5 0.42009 1.1 1.8 2.1 2.5 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.4 0.6 1.3 : : : : 1.0 0.7 0.42010 1.1 1.8 2.0 2.5 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.6 1.3 : : : : 0.8 0.7 0.4

2011 0.9 2.3 2.1 2.4 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.6 1.4 0.5 1.2 : : : : 0.8 0.8 0.42012 0.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.4 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.4 0.5 1.2 : : : : 0.7 0.6 0.42013 1.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.3 0.7 0.5 1.7 1.4 0.5 1.2 : : : : 0.7 0.7 0.42014 1.3 2.3 2.1 1.7 1.3 0.7 0.4 1.7 1.5 0.5 1.3 : : : : 1.1 0.6 0.32015 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.5 0.6 1.3 : : : : 1.2 0.6 0.32016 1.4 2.3 1.8 1.5 1.4 0.5 0.3 1.6 1.5 0.7 1.3 : : : : 1.5 0.6 0.32017 1.1 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.3 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.4 0.8 1.3 : : : : 1.8 0.5 0.32018 1.4 2.3 1.7 1.5 1.3 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.4 0.9 1.3 : : : : 1.2 0.6 0.32019 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.4 0.8 1.3 : : 2.6 : 1.2 0.5 0.32020 1.9 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.3 0.8 1.2 : : 2.7 : 1.2 0.5 0.3


144


68. Other current expenditure; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 :

1980 : : : : : : 2.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.3 :

1990 : 2.7 1.7

1991 : 2.4 : : : : 3.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.0 : 1992 : 2.1 : : : : 3.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.1 : 1993 : 2.2 : : : : 3.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 2.2 : 1994 : 2.1 : : : : 3.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.8 : 1995 1.9 2.0 0.5 2.5 1.8 1.3 3.3 1.3 2.7 1.4 0.1 2.4 1.2 1.8 2.8 2.0 1.1 1.1 2.4 2.11996 1.9 1.9 0.8 2.8 1.8 1.4 3.3 1.6 2.7 0.4 0.1 2.2 0.9 1.8 3.2 2.0 1.1 1.1 2.5 2.21997 1.9 2.0 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.6 3.2 1.5 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.9 1.0 1.8 2.8 2.0 1.3 1.4 2.7 2.11998 1.9 1.9 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.6 3.2 2.1 1.8 2.3 0.7 3.1 0.6 1.7 2.7 2.1 1.3 1.1 2.6 2.21999 1.9 1.9 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 3.1 2.2 1.6 1.6 0.6 3.1 0.9 1.7 2.9 2.1 1.7 1.2 2.6 2.22000 1.8 2.0 0.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 3.2 2.1 1.9 1.5 0.1 2.8 1.2 1.8 2.9 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.5 2.2

2001 1.9 1.8 0.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 3.2 2.1 1.8 0.5 0.4 2.6 1.5 2.2 3.5 2.1 2.2 1.4 2.3 2.22002 1.8 1.7 0.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 3.3 2.1 1.8 1.2 0.2 2.5 0.9 2.0 3.2 2.3 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.22003 2.0 1.8 0.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 3.4 2.2 2.3 0.7 0.2 2.6 1.1 1.9 3.4 2.2 1.8 2.6 2.5 2.32004 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.6 3.3 2.2 1.8 1.0 0.8 3.1 1.9 2.0 2.9 2.3 2.3 1.7 2.5 2.22005 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.7 3.5 2.2 2.5 3.7 1.8 2.7 1.7 2.1 3.1 2.4 2.8 2.0 2.6 2.32006 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 3.5 2.1 2.3 4.6 1.3 2.6 1.7 2.3 2.9 2.5 2.5 1.6 2.6 2.32007 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 3.4 2.2 2.5 3.2 1.3 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.8 2.4 2.1 1.6 2.4 2.22008 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.8 3.5 2.3 3.0 4.1 1.5 2.5 1.9 2.2 2.9 2.4 2.4 1.5 2.5 2.32009 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.9 3.9 2.4 2.7 3.6 1.7 2.7 2.0 1.8 3.0 2.7 2.3 1.8 2.8 2.52010 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.7 3.9 2.3 2.4 4.3 1.2 2.8 2.0 2.1 3.1 2.8 2.2 1.6 2.9 2.5

2011 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.8 3.8 2.3 2.7 2.3 1.6 3.0 1.9 2.0 3.0 2.9 2.2 1.5 2.9 2.42012 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.7 3.9 2.3 2.7 3.1 1.4 3.2 1.9 1.9 3.1 2.7 2.2 1.6 2.8 2.52013 2.2 2.6 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.8 4.0 2.4 2.2 2.8 1.6 3.2 2.4 1.9 3.2 2.7 2.4 1.7 3.0 2.72014 2.1 2.5 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 3.8 2.3 2.2 3.3 1.4 3.0 2.2 1.9 3.2 2.7 2.0 1.8 3.0 2.62015 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.6 1.5 3.8 2.2 2.6 2.8 1.5 3.1 2.1 1.9 3.4 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.8 2.52016 2.2 2.4 2.0 1.1 1.6 1.6 4.0 2.3 2.1 2.9 1.7 3.2 1.9 1.3 3.4 2.5 2.5 1.8 2.7 2.52017 1.8 2.3 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.4 3.9 2.1 2.4 3.0 1.4 3.4 1.9 1.4 3.1 2.3 1.7 1.5 2.5 2.42018 1.9 2.5 1.9 1.2 1.8 1.5 4.0 2.3 2.3 3.7 1.6 3.6 2.2 1.6 3.3 2.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.52019 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.1 1.7 1.5 4.0 2.4 2.3 3.4 1.7 3.7 1.9 1.6 3.3 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.62020 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.1 1.7 1.5 4.0 2.3 2.3 3.1 1.6 3.9 2.1 1.6 3.2 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.6

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

145


68. Other current expenditure; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.8 0.3

1990 : : : : : : : : : 1.4 : : : : : : 0.8 0.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : 1.0 : : : : : : 1.0 -0.41992 : : : : : : : : : 1.3 : : : : : : 0.8 0.31993 : : : : : : : : : 1.6 : : : : : : 0.9 0.31994 : : : : : : : : : 1.7 : : : : : : 0.8 0.31995 0.9 1.2 3.2 : 1.1 1.1 1.6 7.1 : 1.9 : : : : : : 0.8 0.21996 0.8 1.5 3.3 : 1.3 1.2 0.9 6.8 : 1.8 : : : : : : 0.9 0.31997 0.2 1.0 3.5 : 1.2 1.4 0.6 6.6 : 1.7 : : : : : : 0.9 0.21998 0.4 1.0 3.6 : 1.3 0.9 3.2 7.3 : 2.0 : : : : : : 1.0 0.21999 1.4 0.9 3.4 : 1.5 0.4 0.4 7.1 : 2.0 : : : : : : 1.2 0.22000 0.9 1.2 3.3 : 1.7 0.5 0.5 6.7 : 2.3 : : : : : : 1.1 0.2

2001 1.3 1.1 3.5 1.7 1.7 0.4 1.2 6.3 2.3 2.1 2.3 : : : : : 1.0 0.22002 1.4 1.1 3.3 0.9 1.9 1.1 1.2 6.1 2.3 2.5 2.3 : : : : : 1.1 0.22003 1.1 1.0 3.3 2.4 1.8 1.1 1.3 6.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 : : : : : 1.1 0.22004 1.3 1.4 3.3 1.2 2.3 1.3 1.2 6.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 : : : : : 1.1 0.22005 1.7 1.6 3.3 2.2 2.5 2.2 0.9 6.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 : : : : : 1.1 0.32006 1.1 1.7 3.3 1.8 2.8 2.4 0.8 6.2 2.4 2.5 2.4 : : : : : 1.2 0.32007 1.8 1.8 3.3 0.8 2.7 2.4 1.9 5.7 2.4 2.5 2.4 : : : : : 1.2 0.32008 2.6 1.9 3.2 1.3 2.5 2.5 1.4 5.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 : : : : : 1.3 0.32009 4.3 1.9 3.6 1.0 2.7 2.3 1.8 5.9 2.6 2.7 2.6 : : : : 1.4 1.8 0.42010 1.2 2.0 3.5 1.6 2.5 2.2 1.9 5.8 2.6 2.9 2.6 : : : : 1.1 1.7 0.4

2011 1.5 2.1 3.3 1.2 2.7 2.2 2.2 5.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 : : : : 1.3 1.5 0.42012 1.8 2.2 3.6 1.4 2.7 2.3 2.5 5.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 : : : : 1.1 1.4 0.32013 2.2 2.2 3.6 1.7 3.3 2.3 1.9 5.8 2.8 2.6 2.8 : : : : 1.1 1.4 0.32014 2.6 2.1 3.2 1.4 3.2 2.1 2.3 5.7 2.7 2.2 2.6 : : : : 1.2 1.5 0.32015 2.1 2.1 3.2 2.2 3.0 2.2 2.5 5.5 2.7 2.1 2.6 : : : : 1.2 1.5 0.32016 1.3 2.1 3.1 2.1 3.7 2.0 1.5 5.3 2.6 2.0 2.5 : : : : 1.2 1.5 0.32017 2.2 2.1 3.1 2.1 3.3 1.9 1.8 5.5 2.5 1.8 2.4 : : : : 1.1 1.5 0.32018 1.7 2.1 3.2 1.9 3.6 2.0 1.7 5.8 2.6 1.8 2.5 : : : : 1.2 1.6 0.32019 1.7 2.0 3.2 1.9 3.7 2.1 1.6 5.7 2.7 1.8 2.5 : : : : 1.2 1.6 0.32020 1.7 2.0 3.2 1.9 3.9 2.1 1.8 5.7 2.7 1.8 2.6 : : : : 1.2 1.6 0.3


146


69. Total current expenditure; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 32.6 :

1980 : : : : : : 41.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 35.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 47.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 41.3 :

1990 : 44.2 42.8

1991 : 41.0 : : : : 45.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 51.2 : 1992 : 42.2 : : : : 46.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.4 : 1993 : 43.3 : : : : 49.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 58.4 : 1994 : 43.7 : : : : 48.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.5 : 1995 49.0 44.2 35.1 37.0 41.2 37.8 49.0 46.9 25.7 32.8 30.0 35.7 35.4 44.7 50.1 37.4 39.6 39.4 54.5 45.41996 49.3 45.1 33.9 35.4 40.5 37.6 49.7 47.5 27.1 31.9 31.6 35.4 37.1 42.9 50.0 37.5 38.9 41.8 54.0 45.81997 47.6 44.5 32.1 32.9 38.1 36.5 49.5 45.7 28.4 32.7 35.2 36.3 36.9 41.4 47.7 36.1 39.5 40.3 51.4 44.71998 47.1 43.9 33.1 31.0 38.1 35.7 48.1 44.1 30.6 34.0 37.5 36.2 36.5 40.2 47.4 36.2 39.4 38.4 47.9 43.71999 46.3 44.0 35.1 28.3 38.8 34.7 47.6 43.0 30.2 36.2 37.3 34.2 36.7 39.2 47.6 36.6 39.9 38.6 46.3 43.12000 45.4 43.3 31.6 26.4 38.8 34.0 46.8 42.4 30.5 33.0 34.8 33.0 35.8 37.9 46.8 37.6 40.9 39.1 44.1 42.3

2001 46.0 43.0 30.1 27.3 39.1 33.2 46.9 42.9 31.5 30.8 33.0 34.4 37.5 38.1 47.1 38.1 41.7 38.2 43.5 42.22002 46.5 43.4 29.8 28.1 38.6 33.1 48.0 42.6 32.7 31.2 31.2 35.5 37.1 38.7 46.9 38.8 41.1 37.8 44.5 42.62003 47.1 44.0 29.6 28.5 38.6 32.9 48.4 42.5 35.9 30.2 30.1 37.1 37.1 39.5 47.4 40.2 40.8 36.2 45.3 42.82004 45.9 42.8 29.9 28.8 39.6 32.9 48.1 42.3 34.1 30.1 29.9 37.5 38.4 39.2 46.3 40.6 40.3 34.3 45.1 42.32005 46.0 42.7 29.1 29.0 40.2 32.8 48.2 42.5 35.2 29.9 30.2 37.2 37.6 38.3 46.9 41.7 40.4 34.8 45.3 42.22006 45.4 41.4 28.1 29.4 39.9 32.7 47.9 42.2 34.5 29.6 29.7 34.6 37.7 38.9 46.1 41.2 39.4 34.3 44.8 41.62007 45.0 39.7 27.6 30.3 41.4 33.1 47.5 42.3 33.6 27.5 29.0 33.0 37.2 38.3 44.8 40.8 36.8 32.6 43.1 41.02008 46.8 40.0 32.3 34.8 43.6 35.2 48.1 43.5 34.3 32.5 32.2 34.9 39.6 38.8 45.4 41.5 38.2 32.8 44.3 42.02009 50.3 43.8 38.4 39.8 47.5 39.4 51.5 46.0 36.7 38.8 40.0 39.3 38.8 42.1 48.5 45.3 42.4 38.3 50.4 45.62010 49.5 42.7 36.1 39.7 47.4 39.9 51.5 45.7 36.3 38.6 37.0 38.0 37.7 42.7 48.3 44.6 43.9 37.6 50.7 45.3

2011 49.9 41.2 33.0 39.3 50.0 40.8 51.1 45.4 37.5 33.6 33.6 37.1 37.9 42.2 46.7 45.6 44.2 36.3 50.2 44.82012 50.8 41.0 32.2 39.2 48.7 41.1 51.7 46.8 38.3 32.8 32.1 38.9 38.4 42.3 46.8 45.3 43.9 36.7 51.9 45.22013 51.4 41.5 32.3 37.8 45.3 42.2 52.0 47.4 38.1 32.9 30.8 38.8 37.8 42.1 47.2 46.8 43.9 37.5 53.1 45.62014 51.1 40.8 32.0 34.7 45.5 41.8 52.3 47.2 36.7 33.5 29.9 37.4 36.5 41.8 47.0 45.6 42.4 37.8 53.6 45.22015 50.2 40.7 33.7 25.9 45.2 40.5 52.1 46.1 36.6 33.3 30.5 37.3 34.1 40.7 46.9 43.9 41.7 38.0 52.8 44.42016 49.8 40.6 34.3 25.0 45.1 39.5 52.0 45.6 34.9 33.1 30.6 36.8 33.3 39.6 46.5 42.9 41.7 37.6 51.7 44.02017 48.9 40.4 33.3 23.9 43.8 38.4 51.5 45.0 34.1 32.8 29.5 37.8 32.5 38.8 45.3 41.3 39.4 36.7 49.9 43.32018 49.0 40.4 33.6 23.1 42.8 38.4 51.3 45.3 33.9 32.9 30.6 37.9 32.5 38.3 44.8 40.8 38.2 36.7 48.9 43.12019 49.0 41.2 33.9 22.8 42.4 38.4 50.9 46.0 35.5 32.4 31.2 38.4 32.3 38.6 44.4 41.0 37.9 36.4 48.6 43.32020 49.2 41.2 34.0 22.2 41.4 38.2 49.8 46.3 36.5 32.0 31.4 38.8 32.4 38.8 44.0 40.8 37.4 36.2 48.3 43.0

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

147


69. Total current expenditure; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 28.9

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 32.1

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 26.6 32.6

1990 : : : : : : : : : 31.3 : : : : : : 25.3 32.9

1991 : : : : : : : : : 32.7 : : : : : : 25.2 33.91992 : : : : : : : : : 35.2 : : : : : : 25.5 35.01993 : : : : : : : : : 35.3 : : : : : : 26.4 34.71994 : : : : : : : : : 35.0 : : : : : : 27.4 33.91995 31.2 33.9 55.2 : 48.6 44.5 29.7 57.8 : 35.2 : : : : : : 28.2 34.01996 36.5 33.7 54.6 : 45.9 43.5 28.7 56.4 : 34.2 : : : : : : 28.4 33.41997 29.1 34.0 52.7 : 43.6 43.1 31.4 54.2 : 33.5 : : : : : : 28.7 32.41998 29.8 33.2 52.3 : 42.6 40.9 32.8 53.1 : 33.2 : : : : : : 29.6 31.51999 37.2 34.4 51.5 : 43.0 40.1 36.1 51.6 : 33.0 : : : : : : 31.0 30.92000 36.7 34.1 49.6 : 40.8 39.8 34.1 49.3 : 33.2 : : : : : : 31.3 30.6

2001 36.7 34.1 50.0 39.5 40.3 41.7 32.2 48.4 42.4 33.9 40.9 : : : : : 31.7 31.82002 35.1 35.6 50.3 42.4 41.7 42.1 30.2 49.3 42.8 34.8 41.3 : : : : : 32.4 32.72003 35.1 36.6 50.9 40.4 43.1 41.9 29.3 49.6 43.1 35.8 41.8 : : : : : 32.4 33.22004 34.2 35.1 50.1 39.7 43.4 40.3 28.4 48.2 42.4 36.9 41.5 : : : : : 32.0 32.82005 32.9 34.5 48.6 39.3 43.8 40.0 29.2 48.0 42.3 37.4 41.4 : : : : : 32.0 32.92006 29.8 34.4 47.0 39.3 44.5 39.7 28.7 46.8 41.6 37.5 40.9 : : : : : 32.0 32.82007 29.6 34.1 46.5 38.0 43.7 38.1 29.8 45.1 40.9 37.6 40.3 : : : : : 32.3 33.32008 31.4 34.0 46.8 38.0 44.1 38.7 30.1 45.7 41.8 38.8 41.3 : : : : : 33.4 35.22009 34.2 37.3 53.1 41.1 45.8 39.1 33.3 48.1 45.3 42.2 44.9 : : : : 33.2 36.8 38.12010 31.3 37.5 53.0 41.8 44.2 39.5 33.4 46.2 45.0 43.3 44.7 : : : : 30.8 36.6 38.6

2011 30.1 37.4 52.3 42.1 43.3 37.5 31.6 45.6 44.4 42.2 44.1 : : : : 29.4 37.6 37.82012 30.5 37.4 52.5 42.5 43.2 37.7 30.9 46.5 44.8 41.7 44.3 : : : : 29.2 37.5 36.42013 33.3 38.0 52.0 42.8 43.4 38.1 29.8 47.3 45.2 40.7 44.5 : : : : 28.6 37.3 35.52014 34.3 37.0 50.8 42.9 42.1 37.3 29.7 46.5 44.7 39.5 43.9 : : : : 28.3 37.0 35.02015 33.5 35.7 50.2 43.7 40.6 36.7 29.7 45.2 43.9 38.7 43.0 : : : : 28.0 36.3 34.82016 31.3 35.5 48.7 42.3 41.2 37.3 29.4 45.2 43.5 38.1 42.6 : : : : 30.1 36.4 35.02017 31.9 34.9 47.6 41.3 40.1 36.6 30.0 44.8 42.8 37.5 42.0 : : : : 29.2 35.9 34.62018 31.5 35.9 47.6 41.2 38.5 36.4 31.1 44.8 42.6 37.3 41.8 : : : : 28.7 36.3 34.22019 32.3 36.7 47.4 41.2 37.6 37.4 32.1 44.8 42.8 37.3 42.0 : : : : 29.5 36.3 34.42020 31.8 37.0 47.2 40.8 37.2 37.6 33.5 44.4 42.6 37.2 41.8 : : : : 29.0 36.4 34.6


148


70. Gross saving; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10.9 :

1980 : : : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.6 :

1985 : : : : : : 2.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 8.0 :

1990 : 3.4 10.2

1991 : 1.9 : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 : 1992 : 2.0 : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.2 : 1993 : 1.3 : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.6 : 1994 : 1.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.6 : 1995 -1.5 0.5 6.5 -0.1 -6.6 -1.3 0.4 -3.1 4.4 1.3 3.0 7.4 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -1.2 4.2 5.4 0.5 -0.51996 -1.1 -0.1 4.8 1.7 -5.8 -0.6 1.0 -2.9 2.7 2.4 1.7 7.1 -5.2 1.7 0.9 -0.3 3.9 1.4 2.0 -0.31997 0.9 0.2 7.2 3.2 -2.3 0.8 1.1 -0.1 0.9 2.2 3.3 7.5 -3.3 2.2 1.9 0.9 2.3 1.9 3.2 0.71998 2.1 0.8 5.3 4.1 -1.4 1.7 2.1 0.5 -0.3 2.5 0.7 8.5 -5.1 2.4 2.0 0.9 3.0 1.9 5.8 1.41999 2.6 1.6 1.6 6.5 -0.8 3.1 3.1 2.1 -0.2 0.2 0.6 8.4 -2.9 4.1 1.6 1.8 2.7 1.8 6.0 2.52000 3.1 1.9 4.4 8.0 0.7 3.4 3.1 1.4 1.6 0.9 1.6 10.5 -2.5 5.1 1.7 0.9 1.4 0.8 10.4 2.7

2001 2.8 0.4 5.0 5.0 -0.2 4.0 3.1 1.0 1.7 1.9 0.8 9.5 -2.3 3.9 3.4 -0.2 1.2 -0.3 8.5 2.12002 2.5 -0.5 6.4 3.3 0.4 4.3 1.3 0.8 0.1 1.4 1.7 8.1 -1.4 2.4 2.6 0.0 2.2 -0.8 7.7 1.32003 1.3 -0.8 6.9 3.6 -1.2 4.2 0.4 -0.2 -1.4 1.6 1.9 6.3 -1.2 1.5 1.9 -0.9 2.3 1.0 6.1 0.62004 2.0 -0.7 6.5 4.5 -2.4 4.9 0.9 0.2 -0.8 3.2 2.3 4.8 -2.1 2.1 2.4 -1.9 2.6 1.0 6.0 1.02005 2.1 -0.3 5.6 4.8 -2.7 5.9 1.3 0.1 0.0 2.9 2.8 6.3 -1.1 3.2 1.5 -2.5 3.0 2.0 6.2 1.32006 2.5 1.2 7.6 5.9 -3.2 7.1 2.3 1.7 2.1 4.9 3.4 6.8 -0.9 3.7 1.5 -1.2 3.3 0.6 7.1 2.52007 2.7 3.0 8.5 4.4 -3.4 7.4 2.1 2.8 7.0 5.3 4.0 8.8 0.7 3.6 2.8 -0.2 4.9 1.3 8.5 3.32008 1.6 3.0 4.2 -1.3 -5.1 1.3 1.8 1.5 4.7 0.0 1.7 7.9 -1.9 4.2 2.8 -0.7 3.8 1.5 7.6 2.12009 -2.2 0.1 3.2 -7.2 -9.9 -4.6 -1.8 -1.0 -0.5 -4.9 -5.7 5.0 -1.2 0.0 -0.3 -5.7 -0.7 -3.0 1.5 -1.62010 -0.9 0.0 3.2 -7.0 -8.2 -3.7 -1.7 -0.4 0.5 -3.4 -4.1 5.3 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -5.2 -0.8 -3.9 1.0 -1.3

2011 -0.4 2.2 4.1 -6.0 -8.5 -4.6 -0.3 -0.3 -1.5 1.0 -2.3 5.6 -0.8 -0.1 1.4 -4.1 -1.4 -1.0 2.8 -0.32012 -0.2 2.9 5.0 -5.5 -4.4 -3.7 0.2 0.7 -2.5 2.1 -1.0 5.3 -1.3 0.3 2.0 -4.2 -0.1 -1.4 1.8 0.52013 0.1 2.7 4.5 -3.9 -0.3 -4.0 0.9 0.2 -2.3 2.1 0.0 5.3 -0.3 1.2 2.2 -2.8 -0.3 -0.1 1.4 0.62014 0.0 3.3 5.5 -1.2 -1.3 -3.5 0.7 0.3 2.4 1.5 1.4 5.7 0.4 1.5 2.5 -2.0 0.5 0.3 1.0 1.02015 0.3 3.4 4.9 0.9 -0.3 -2.6 0.7 1.0 2.1 1.9 2.3 5.8 1.3 1.6 3.1 -0.9 1.2 2.1 1.1 1.32016 0.0 3.7 4.2 1.4 2.5 -2.2 0.7 0.5 3.2 3.0 3.0 6.7 3.5 3.6 2.0 -0.6 1.3 1.0 2.2 1.52017 1.4 4.2 4.7 1.8 2.9 -0.9 1.8 1.1 4.6 3.7 3.5 6.3 5.8 4.6 3.0 1.0 3.3 2.3 3.0 2.42018 1.8 4.8 4.5 2.3 3.5 -0.1 1.7 1.0 5.2 3.4 3.3 7.4 5.2 5.0 3.7 2.3 4.4 2.4 3.2 2.82019 1.1 4.1 4.6 2.5 2.5 -0.1 1.0 0.4 4.7 3.5 2.6 6.6 4.6 5.2 3.8 2.3 4.6 2.6 3.6 2.32020 0.9 4.0 4.3 2.8 2.1 0.1 2.0 -0.3 4.6 3.3 2.6 6.4 4.3 4.5 3.8 2.5 4.9 2.4 3.8 2.4

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

149


70. Gross saving; general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.5

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -2.9

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.0 -1.4

1990 : : : : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : 7.6 -0.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : 0.9 : : : : : : 7.5 -1.71992 : : : : : : : : : -2.2 : : : : : : 7.0 -3.01993 : : : : : : : : : -3.6 : : : : : : 4.9 -2.51994 : : : : : : : : : -2.8 : : : : : : 4.2 -1.31995 -4.9 6.1 -0.3 : -2.4 -0.9 2.3 -1.6 : -2.1 : : : : : : 3.5 -1.11996 -7.8 5.0 0.8 : 0.1 -0.4 0.9 1.7 : -1.2 : : : : : : 3.3 0.01997 2.3 4.7 1.9 : -0.1 -0.6 -1.2 3.2 : 0.0 : : : : : : 3.7 1.21998 5.3 4.7 2.6 : 0.2 0.1 -0.4 4.4 : 1.8 : : : : : : 1.9 2.31999 4.5 3.8 3.8 : 0.0 1.1 -1.3 5.2 : 2.8 : : : : : : 0.8 2.82000 3.7 3.2 4.8 : 2.8 -0.6 -0.2 7.0 : 3.4 : : : : : : 0.5 3.7

2001 5.1 3.3 3.8 4.2 2.2 -1.4 0.6 5.5 2.2 2.6 2.2 : : : : : 0.6 1.62002 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.8 -0.2 -1.5 2.6 2.9 1.3 0.6 1.2 : : : : : -1.1 -1.62003 3.2 2.6 2.5 4.3 -1.7 -2.2 3.5 2.9 0.7 -0.4 0.5 : : : : : -1.6 -2.62004 5.5 4.7 4.6 3.8 -1.7 -1.8 3.9 4.4 1.2 -0.2 0.9 : : : : : -1.4 -2.02005 4.8 4.4 7.4 3.6 -2.8 -0.1 3.2 6.0 1.6 -0.1 1.3 : : : : : -0.2 -0.62006 5.5 4.2 7.7 3.7 -3.2 0.9 4.7 6.3 2.7 0.2 2.3 : : : : : 0.9 0.32007 7.8 5.0 7.9 4.9 0.3 2.8 3.7 7.4 3.5 0.3 2.9 : : : : : 1.2 -0.12008 6.2 3.9 6.6 4.5 0.2 1.6 1.4 6.2 2.3 -1.3 1.8 : : : : : -0.2 -3.02009 -0.1 0.1 0.5 1.0 -1.2 -1.8 -3.4 3.7 -1.4 -5.4 -2.0 : : : : -1.5 -4.5 -8.12010 0.4 0.4 0.8 -0.4 -1.3 -2.4 -1.6 4.4 -1.1 -5.2 -1.7 : : : : 2.0 -4.7 -8.0

2011 0.5 1.5 1.7 -1.8 -1.4 -0.1 1.0 4.4 0.0 -4.0 -0.6 : : : : 3.3 -4.6 -6.82012 2.0 2.2 1.9 -0.8 0.9 0.1 1.0 3.4 0.6 -4.3 -0.1 : : : : 3.9 -4.0 -5.52013 1.8 2.4 3.1 -0.7 0.7 -0.6 2.0 2.9 0.8 -2.5 0.3 : : : : 4.3 -3.0 -2.52014 0.8 2.1 6.1 -0.3 1.8 0.2 2.1 2.9 1.2 -2.3 0.6 : : : : 3.9 -1.2 -2.02015 1.3 3.4 3.5 1.0 3.6 1.1 2.9 4.3 1.5 -1.1 1.1 : : : : 4.3 -0.2 -1.62016 3.4 4.1 4.0 3.4 3.3 0.9 1.1 5.5 1.8 0.0 1.5 : : : : 2.7 -0.3 -2.22017 3.2 5.0 4.9 4.3 3.4 2.3 -0.6 5.9 2.6 1.2 2.4 : : : : 2.0 0.6 -2.32018 4.1 4.9 4.4 4.9 4.1 3.5 0.0 5.8 3.0 1.6 2.7 : : : : 1.5 0.5 -3.12019 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.7 4.9 2.5 -0.4 5.3 2.5 1.7 2.4 : : : : 0.7 0.6 -3.22020 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.7 4.9 2.2 -1.3 5.3 2.5 2.0 2.4 : : : : 1.2 0.9 -3.2


150


71. Capital transfers received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1 :

1980 : : : : : : 0.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1 :

1985 : : : : : : 0.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 :

1990 : 0.0 0.2

1991 : 0.3 : : : : 0.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : 1992 : 0.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : 1993 : 0.3 : : : : 0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3 : 1994 : 0.4 : : : : 0.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : 1995 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.8 1.6 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.51996 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.6 2.3 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.2 2.0 0.5 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.51997 0.6 0.4 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.1 1.7 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.51998 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.5 2.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.51999 0.6 0.4 0.3 1.6 2.3 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.52000 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.4 2.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.7 -0.2 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5

2001 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.2 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.42002 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.52003 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.72004 0.8 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.62005 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.9 0.8 0.4 0.4 1.9 1.1 0.8 0.2 3.2 0.4 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.52006 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.4 2.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.2 3.0 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.52007 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.5 2.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.4 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.52008 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.2 2.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.42009 0.7 0.4 2.3 0.6 1.4 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.5 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.52010 0.8 0.4 1.4 0.3 2.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.6 2.5 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.4

2011 0.8 0.4 1.4 0.5 2.3 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.6 1.6 2.2 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.42012 1.0 0.4 1.9 0.3 2.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.8 1.9 0.2 2.1 0.3 0.2 1.8 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.42013 1.1 0.4 1.5 0.3 4.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.6 2.1 0.2 2.0 0.3 0.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.52014 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.4 2.4 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.6 2.7 0.2 2.4 0.3 0.2 1.0 1.5 1.3 0.3 0.52015 0.9 0.4 1.1 0.3 2.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.7 1.8 0.2 3.2 0.3 0.2 0.8 1.9 2.4 0.4 0.52016 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.52017 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.3 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.42018 0.9 0.4 1.0 0.3 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.42019 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.3 2.2 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.42020 0.9 0.3 1.1 0.3 2.0 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.4

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

151


71. Capital transfers received; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.4

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.3

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.6 0.2

1990 : : : : : : : : : 0.3 : : : : : : 0.8 0.3

1991 : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.7 0.31992 : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.9 0.21993 : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.9 0.31994 : : : : : : : : : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.9 0.31995 0.1 0.5 0.1 : 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.8 0.31996 0.1 0.1 0.1 : 0.5 3.5 0.0 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.7 0.31997 0.1 0.1 0.1 : 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.7 0.31998 0.1 0.1 0.1 : 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.7 0.41999 0.1 0.1 0.1 : 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.6 0.42000 0.1 0.1 0.2 : 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 : 0.2 : : : : : : 0.6 0.3

2001 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 : : : : : 0.5 0.42002 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 : : : : : 0.5 0.32003 0.2 3.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.6 : : : : : 0.6 0.22004 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.5 : : : : : 1.6 0.22005 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.6 : : : : : 1.2 0.22006 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.4 : : : : : 1.0 0.22007 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.4 : : : : : 0.6 0.22008 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.4 1.7 0.6 : : : : : 0.6 0.22009 1.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.1 0.5 0.22010 1.4 1.5 0.2 0.3 1.9 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 : : : : 0.1 0.5 0.1

2011 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.3 2.2 1.7 1.5 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.5 : : : : 0.2 0.5 0.12012 1.7 1.0 0.1 0.8 2.1 1.3 1.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 : : : : 0.2 0.7 0.12013 2.2 1.0 -0.5 0.3 2.6 1.0 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.1 0.7 0.22014 2.6 1.2 -0.6 0.3 2.9 1.2 2.2 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.2 1.0 0.12015 4.0 2.0 -0.5 0.5 4.0 1.1 2.8 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.6 : : : : 0.3 1.5 0.12016 0.6 0.6 -0.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 : : : : 0.2 1.5 0.12017 1.1 0.6 0.1 0.4 1.3 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 : : : : 0.1 1.1 1.42018 1.2 0.8 0.0 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.0 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.1 1.1 0.12019 1.7 0.8 0.0 0.9 2.1 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.1 1.1 0.12020 1.7 0.8 0.1 1.1 1.9 1.5 1.2 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 : : : : 0.1 1.1 0.1


152


72. Total revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 43.5 :

1980 : : : : : : 46.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 43.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 49.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 49.6 :

1990 : 47.7 53.2

1991 : 43.2 : : : : 48.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 55.7 : 1992 : 44.6 : : : : 48.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.4 : 1993 : 44.9 : : : : 48.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.0 : 1994 : 45.4 : : : : 49.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.1 : 1995 47.9 45.2 42.1 38.7 36.3 37.3 49.7 44.6 30.2 34.2 33.0 43.3 35.7 45.0 49.7 37.4 43.9 44.8 55.1 45.41996 48.7 45.4 39.0 38.7 36.9 37.6 51.0 45.0 29.9 35.0 33.3 42.7 33.9 45.1 51.1 38.4 42.9 43.4 56.3 45.91997 49.1 45.1 39.6 37.8 37.6 37.7 50.9 46.6 29.4 36.5 38.5 44.0 34.6 43.9 49.7 38.7 41.9 42.3 54.9 45.91998 49.6 45.2 38.7 36.6 38.9 38.1 50.5 45.3 30.4 37.9 38.1 45.1 32.3 43.0 49.5 38.3 42.7 40.4 54.0 45.61999 49.5 46.0 37.0 36.4 40.4 38.6 51.0 45.6 30.1 37.1 38.0 42.9 35.1 43.7 49.5 39.5 42.8 40.6 52.6 46.12000 49.0 45.6 36.3 35.7 42.4 38.1 50.3 44.2 32.2 34.5 36.2 43.7 34.7 43.3 48.6 39.4 42.5 40.0 54.9 45.5

2001 49.4 43.8 35.2 33.5 40.5 37.9 50.3 44.1 33.2 32.8 33.6 44.1 35.6 42.4 50.7 39.3 43.1 38.0 52.3 44.72002 49.6 43.3 36.5 32.7 39.8 38.2 49.6 43.8 32.9 32.8 33.3 43.8 36.0 41.5 49.7 40.4 43.4 37.1 52.6 44.32003 49.0 43.6 37.0 33.4 38.8 37.9 49.3 43.9 34.6 31.9 32.3 43.7 36.2 41.4 49.5 40.9 43.2 37.2 51.8 44.22004 48.8 42.6 36.7 34.5 38.8 38.7 49.4 43.3 34.9 33.8 32.6 42.5 37.9 41.6 48.9 39.9 43.4 35.5 51.5 43.92005 48.9 42.8 35.1 34.9 39.4 39.5 49.9 43.0 37.1 33.8 33.7 43.7 39.6 41.8 48.6 40.5 43.6 36.9 51.9 44.12006 48.7 43.0 36.5 36.6 39.2 40.5 50.4 44.1 37.7 35.5 34.0 41.6 39.8 43.1 47.8 40.9 43.0 35.2 52.3 44.62007 48.3 43.0 36.8 36.2 40.4 41.0 49.9 45.3 40.8 33.5 34.4 42.0 39.0 42.2 47.9 41.5 42.1 34.4 51.9 44.72008 49.2 43.4 37.1 34.8 40.7 36.7 50.0 45.2 39.3 33.4 35.0 43.0 38.5 43.3 48.4 41.6 42.5 34.5 52.4 44.42009 48.8 44.3 43.9 33.2 38.9 34.8 50.0 45.9 36.7 35.0 35.8 44.5 38.6 42.5 48.8 40.4 42.4 36.3 52.2 44.52010 49.3 43.0 40.7 33.0 41.3 36.2 50.0 45.7 37.3 36.8 35.4 43.5 38.7 42.6 48.4 40.6 43.6 34.7 52.1 44.4

2011 50.3 43.8 38.6 33.7 43.8 36.2 51.1 45.7 36.7 36.2 33.5 42.9 38.8 42.4 48.3 42.6 43.3 36.5 53.3 45.02012 51.6 44.3 39.0 34.0 46.9 37.6 52.1 47.9 36.4 36.8 33.0 44.4 39.2 42.8 49.0 42.9 44.5 36.3 54.0 46.12013 52.7 44.5 38.3 34.2 49.1 38.6 53.1 48.1 36.7 36.6 32.9 44.3 39.5 43.6 49.7 45.1 44.8 38.7 54.9 46.82014 52.2 44.5 38.5 33.8 46.6 38.9 53.3 47.9 39.8 36.6 34.0 43.3 39.4 43.6 49.7 44.6 44.4 39.3 54.9 46.72015 51.4 44.5 39.7 27.0 47.9 38.5 53.2 47.7 39.3 36.9 34.6 43.3 38.5 42.6 50.1 43.8 44.9 42.5 54.3 46.22016 50.7 44.8 39.1 26.9 49.4 37.7 53.0 46.5 38.3 37.0 34.4 43.7 37.4 43.6 48.7 42.8 43.4 39.2 54.2 46.02017 51.3 45.0 38.9 26.0 48.1 37.9 53.6 46.5 39.1 37.2 33.6 44.4 39.2 43.7 48.4 42.7 43.2 39.4 53.4 46.12018 51.7 45.6 39.0 25.8 47.8 38.9 53.5 46.4 39.9 37.5 34.7 45.5 38.8 43.6 48.6 43.5 43.1 39.9 52.5 46.32019 51.0 45.6 39.5 25.6 47.2 38.9 52.4 46.7 41.0 37.2 34.7 45.2 38.2 44.0 48.4 43.8 43.2 39.9 52.5 46.12020 51.0 45.5 39.4 25.3 45.5 38.9 52.3 46.3 41.8 36.8 34.9 45.4 38.0 43.6 47.9 43.8 43.0 39.7 52.4 45.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

153


72. Total revenue; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.8

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29.6

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 30.5 31.3

1990 : : : : : : : : : 34.1 : : : : : : 32.8 32.4

1991 : : : : : : : : : 33.8 : : : : : : 32.4 32.51992 : : : : : : : : : 33.2 : : : : : : 32.4 32.21993 : : : : : : : : : 31.9 : : : : : : 31.1 32.51994 : : : : : : : : : 32.5 : : : : : : : 32.91995 26.4 40.5 54.9 : 46.5 43.7 32.3 56.5 : 33.3 : : : : : : : 33.21996 28.9 38.8 55.5 : 46.5 46.6 29.6 58.3 : 33.2 : : : : : : : 33.61997 31.4 38.8 54.7 : 43.9 42.5 30.2 57.6 : 33.7 : : : : : : : 33.91998 35.2 37.9 55.0 : 43.2 41.0 32.4 57.8 : 35.2 : : : : : : : 34.21999 41.8 38.2 55.4 : 43.5 41.1 34.8 57.0 : 36.0 : : : : : : : 34.22000 40.5 37.4 54.6 : 44.1 39.1 33.9 56.5 : 36.8 : : : : : : : 34.6

2001 42.0 37.7 54.0 43.7 43.1 40.3 32.9 54.1 45.0 36.8 43.5 : : : : : : 33.82002 38.2 38.5 53.2 47.0 42.0 40.6 33.0 52.4 44.5 35.7 42.9 : : : : : : 31.42003 38.5 42.5 53.5 45.2 41.9 39.7 32.9 52.7 44.5 35.6 43.0 : : : : : : 30.82004 39.9 40.2 55.1 43.6 42.1 38.5 32.7 52.7 44.2 37.0 42.9 : : : : : : 31.12005 38.1 39.3 56.2 43.0 41.6 40.4 32.7 54.1 44.4 38.1 43.3 : : : : : 31.1 32.52006 35.7 39.2 54.8 43.1 42.2 41.1 33.5 53.2 44.8 38.0 43.6 : : : : : 32.0 33.32007 38.8 39.7 54.6 43.0 44.8 41.4 34.7 52.6 44.9 38.3 43.7 : : : : : 32.2 33.42008 38.7 38.7 53.6 42.5 45.0 40.7 32.3 51.9 44.5 39.2 43.7 : : : : : 32.0 32.52009 35.3 38.7 53.7 42.3 45.9 37.8 30.3 52.0 44.4 37.2 43.4 : : : : 31.8 30.9 30.12010 33.1 39.3 54.0 41.7 44.8 38.5 33.1 50.7 44.3 38.3 43.5 : : : : 32.9 30.6 30.7

2011 31.9 40.3 54.4 40.6 44.1 39.1 34.1 50.1 44.9 38.4 44.0 : : : : 32.8 31.6 31.12012 34.1 40.5 54.5 42.5 46.1 39.1 33.7 50.3 45.9 37.7 44.6 : : : : 33.3 32.3 31.02013 37.3 41.4 54.6 42.4 46.7 38.5 33.3 50.6 46.5 38.6 45.3 : : : : 33.0 33.1 33.22014 37.7 40.3 56.4 42.9 46.9 38.7 34.1 49.5 46.4 37.7 45.0 : : : : 32.3 34.8 33.22015 38.8 41.1 53.2 45.2 48.2 39.0 35.4 49.8 46.0 38.0 44.6 : : : : 32.6 35.8 33.32016 35.2 40.2 52.6 46.3 45.1 38.9 31.8 50.8 45.7 38.5 44.6 : : : : 33.0 35.8 32.92017 36.2 40.5 52.6 46.1 44.7 39.7 30.9 50.9 45.8 39.1 44.8 : : : : 31.4 35.9 33.82018 36.8 41.7 51.9 46.6 44.2 41.2 32.0 50.8 46.0 39.3 45.0 27.8 : : : 30.3 35.9 31.32019 37.9 41.9 51.7 46.8 44.6 41.0 32.5 50.2 45.8 39.4 44.8 27.7 42.0 27.5 : 30.3 36.0 31.42020 37.7 41.7 51.4 46.7 44.0 41.2 33.3 49.9 45.6 39.7 44.7 28.1 41.4 28.2 : 30.3 36.5 31.6


154


73. Gross fixed capital formation; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.5 :

1980 : : : : : : 4.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 :

1985 : : : : : : 4.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 :

1990 : 4.6 4.5

1991 : 3.1 : : : : 4.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.7 : 1992 : 3.2 : : : : 4.7 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.8 : 1993 : 3.1 : : : : 4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.0 : 1994 : 2.9 : : : : 4.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.1 : 1995 2.3 2.6 5.6 2.3 3.9 4.3 4.2 2.6 4.4 2.2 3.2 3.7 3.0 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.1 3.3 3.7 3.31996 2.2 2.5 5.0 2.5 4.1 3.6 4.1 2.7 5.1 2.6 2.4 4.7 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.9 4.0 4.7 4.0 3.21997 2.2 2.3 4.8 2.6 3.9 3.6 3.8 2.7 4.9 1.7 2.3 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.0 5.6 3.7 6.2 4.4 3.11998 2.1 2.3 5.4 2.7 5.1 3.8 3.7 2.8 2.8 1.7 2.5 4.7 4.6 3.5 2.9 5.1 3.7 4.8 4.1 3.11999 2.4 2.4 4.7 3.1 5.4 3.8 3.8 2.9 3.1 1.9 2.6 4.3 4.5 3.8 2.8 4.9 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.22000 2.4 2.3 4.4 3.5 5.1 3.7 3.9 2.9 3.3 2.0 2.4 3.8 3.9 3.7 2.7 4.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.1

2001 2.2 2.3 4.6 4.2 5.9 3.8 3.9 2.9 3.2 1.7 2.3 4.4 3.5 3.9 2.4 5.0 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.22002 2.1 2.2 5.9 4.2 4.9 4.0 3.8 2.4 3.6 1.8 3.0 4.7 4.1 4.2 2.6 4.6 3.7 4.1 3.7 3.12003 2.2 2.1 5.2 3.7 5.9 4.1 3.9 3.0 4.0 2.8 3.1 5.1 4.5 4.2 2.5 4.4 3.7 3.2 3.8 3.22004 2.1 1.9 4.4 3.5 5.7 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.2 3.5 3.6 4.7 3.8 3.9 2.4 4.4 3.9 2.9 3.9 3.22005 2.1 1.9 4.6 3.5 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.4 3.6 5.0 4.6 3.7 2.9 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.7 3.12006 2.0 2.0 5.4 3.8 5.7 4.3 3.9 2.9 3.4 4.9 4.3 3.3 4.0 3.9 2.9 3.4 4.3 3.8 3.4 3.22007 2.0 1.9 6.0 4.7 4.9 4.6 3.9 2.9 3.1 5.9 5.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.0 3.2 4.5 3.2 3.5 3.22008 2.1 2.1 6.2 5.3 5.6 4.6 3.9 3.0 3.2 5.2 5.4 3.7 2.5 4.0 3.2 3.7 4.7 3.4 3.6 3.32009 2.3 2.4 6.2 3.8 5.7 5.1 4.3 3.4 4.2 4.9 4.4 4.4 2.4 4.3 3.4 4.1 5.0 3.9 4.0 3.62010 2.3 2.3 4.8 3.4 3.7 4.7 4.2 2.9 4.2 4.7 5.0 4.7 2.2 4.2 3.2 5.3 5.0 3.6 3.7 3.4

2011 2.4 2.3 4.9 2.5 2.5 3.7 4.0 2.8 4.0 5.0 4.7 4.1 2.8 4.1 3.0 3.5 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.12012 2.5 2.2 6.3 2.0 2.5 2.5 4.0 2.6 2.9 4.9 4.0 4.0 3.2 3.8 2.9 2.5 4.1 3.4 4.0 2.92013 2.4 2.1 5.6 2.0 3.4 2.2 4.0 2.4 2.3 4.4 3.7 3.5 2.9 3.7 3.0 2.2 4.3 3.3 4.2 2.82014 2.3 2.1 5.0 2.2 3.7 2.1 3.7 2.3 2.1 4.5 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.0 5.1 4.0 4.2 2.72015 2.3 2.1 5.2 1.8 3.8 2.5 3.4 2.2 2.2 4.8 3.7 3.9 4.2 3.6 3.0 2.2 4.7 6.3 3.9 2.72016 2.2 2.2 4.5 1.9 3.5 1.9 3.4 2.1 2.5 3.6 3.0 4.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 1.5 3.1 3.2 4.1 2.62017 2.2 2.2 5.4 1.8 4.4 2.0 3.3 2.2 2.7 4.4 3.2 4.2 2.3 3.4 3.1 1.8 3.1 3.2 4.1 2.62018 2.4 2.3 5.5 2.0 3.0 2.1 3.4 2.1 5.5 5.4 3.2 4.1 3.0 3.4 3.0 2.0 3.6 3.6 4.2 2.72019 2.4 2.4 5.5 2.3 4.1 2.1 3.5 2.1 2.2 5.3 3.0 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.1 3.9 3.6 4.2 2.82020 2.5 2.5 5.4 2.3 4.0 2.1 3.4 2.3 2.2 5.2 3.3 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.3 4.1 3.6 4.2 2.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

155


73. Gross fixed capital formation; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.7

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 4.7

1990 : : : : : : : : : 2.7 : : : : : : 4.7 4.6

1991 : : : : : : : : : 2.6 : : : : : : 4.7 4.51992 : : : : : : : : : 2.5 : : : : : : 5.3 4.31993 : : : : : : : : : 2.4 : : : : : : 6.0 4.01994 : : : : : : : : : 2.4 : : : : : : 6.5 3.81995 0.7 5.6 2.9 : 0.6 2.7 4.2 5.1 : 2.2 : : : : : : 6.3 3.81996 0.5 4.7 3.1 : 1.9 3.0 3.9 4.9 : 1.8 : : : : : : 6.6 3.71997 1.3 4.4 2.9 : 2.9 3.4 2.7 4.3 : 1.6 : : : : : : 6.0 3.61998 3.6 4.4 2.7 : 3.5 3.4 1.8 4.3 : 1.7 : : : : : : 5.8 3.61999 4.1 3.8 2.7 : 3.4 3.0 1.6 4.3 : 1.7 : : : : : : 6.2 3.62000 3.9 4.6 2.8 : 3.6 1.9 3.5 3.9 : 1.7 : : : : : : 5.5 3.6

2001 3.9 4.2 3.0 5.2 3.9 2.8 2.7 4.1 3.2 1.9 3.0 : : : : : 5.4 3.72002 3.4 4.1 2.7 5.5 5.1 2.8 3.2 4.3 3.1 2.0 2.9 : : : : : 5.2 3.82003 3.3 7.7 2.6 7.3 3.8 2.8 3.6 4.2 3.3 2.1 3.1 : : : : : 4.7 3.82004 3.5 5.0 2.8 6.5 3.8 2.9 2.8 4.1 3.2 2.4 3.1 : : : : : 4.2 3.82005 3.7 5.2 2.7 5.7 4.2 3.4 2.9 4.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 : : : : : 4.0 3.72006 4.2 5.2 2.9 5.7 5.1 4.0 5.3 4.1 3.3 2.5 3.2 : : : : : 3.8 3.82007 5.2 4.8 3.0 6.1 4.2 4.5 6.2 4.1 3.4 2.5 3.2 : : : : : 3.6 3.92008 5.6 5.3 3.0 5.9 3.2 4.8 6.5 4.3 3.5 3.0 3.4 : : : : : 3.5 4.02009 5.0 6.0 3.1 5.7 3.4 5.0 5.8 4.5 3.8 3.3 3.7 : : : : 3.8 3.9 4.22010 4.6 5.1 3.3 3.6 3.7 5.6 5.7 4.5 3.6 3.2 3.5 : : : : 3.5 3.7 4.0

2011 3.4 4.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 5.9 5.5 4.4 3.3 2.9 3.3 : : : : 3.1 3.6 3.92012 3.4 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.7 4.7 4.8 4.6 3.1 2.7 3.1 : : : : 3.1 3.6 3.62013 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.5 3.0 2.6 2.9 : : : : 3.6 3.9 3.42014 5.2 4.1 3.9 3.6 5.3 4.7 4.3 4.4 2.9 2.8 2.9 : : : : 3.2 3.9 3.22015 6.6 5.1 3.6 3.2 6.6 4.5 5.2 4.2 3.0 2.7 2.9 : : : : 3.3 3.7 3.22016 2.6 3.3 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.6 4.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 : : : : 3.6 3.6 3.22017 2.2 3.4 3.4 2.7 4.6 3.8 2.6 4.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 : : : : 4.0 3.7 3.12018 2.9 4.1 3.4 3.5 5.8 4.7 2.6 4.8 2.9 2.7 2.9 : : : : 3.8 3.6 3.32019 4.1 4.2 3.5 3.8 6.7 4.7 2.9 4.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 : : 3.3 : 3.4 3.6 3.32020 4.4 4.3 3.4 4.0 6.2 4.6 3.5 4.9 3.0 2.8 3.0 : : 3.3 : 3.4 3.6 3.3


156


74. Other capital expenditure, including capital transfers; general government ESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.4 :

1980 : : : : : : 1.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.7 :

1985 : : : : : : 0.9 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.5 :

1990 : 1.3 0.5

1991 : 2.2 : : : : 1.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.7 : 1992 : 1.7 : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.6 : 1993 : 1.6 : : : : 1.5 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.7 : 1994 : 1.3 : : : : 1.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 1.9 : 1995 1.1 7.8 0.2 1.5 0.9 2.2 1.6 2.3 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.7 5.3 1.8 0.8 8.4 5.5 2.9 4.11996 1.2 1.3 0.4 1.1 0.5 1.7 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.9 2.6 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.9 0.8 1.1 6.5 1.5 1.31997 1.4 1.3 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.8 12.8 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.7 0.7 1.0 1.9 0.3 1.21998 1.4 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.9 1.6 1.1 1.4 0.7 2.2 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.6 1.9 1.4 1.9 2.3 0.3 1.31999 1.3 1.4 0.5 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.5 0.8 2.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.4 1.6 1.0 1.8 5.6 0.7 1.32000 1.3 -0.9 0.4 1.0 2.6 1.5 0.9 1.4 0.6 2.3 2.1 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.5 1.5 9.3 0.4 0.5

2001 1.0 1.7 0.3 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.0 1.7 0.6 2.2 1.8 -0.6 0.7 0.9 1.9 1.0 1.4 2.2 0.4 1.42002 0.9 1.6 0.4 0.8 2.3 1.5 1.0 1.8 0.6 2.2 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.7 1.5 0.3 1.1 3.3 0.4 1.42003 1.5 1.7 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.7 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.3 3.6 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.3 0.6 0.2 1.42004 0.9 1.5 0.0 0.9 2.3 1.8 1.0 1.5 0.3 1.0 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.4 5.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.3 1.42005 3.5 1.6 0.2 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.6 0.6 0.9 0.3 1.4 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.9 0.8 1.6 0.3 1.32006 1.1 1.3 0.1 0.7 -0.6 1.3 1.1 2.5 0.8 1.5 0.3 1.7 0.6 0.2 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.2 1.32007 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.1 0.2 1.5 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 1.22008 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.0 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.4 1.3 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.3 1.32009 1.5 1.4 1.5 3.5 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.5 1.5 0.6 1.2 2.2 0.8 0.7 1.9 0.4 1.42010 1.5 2.3 -0.4 22.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.6 2.1 0.4 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.9 0.4 0.9 0.4 1.9

2011 2.2 1.3 -0.5 4.8 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.9 4.2 1.2 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.9 1.7 0.7 0.3 1.32012 2.6 1.1 0.8 0.9 4.5 4.5 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.1 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.3 1.62013 2.1 1.1 0.6 0.6 13.5 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.0 11.3 0.6 0.3 1.42014 1.8 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.4 10.0 0.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.4 2.4 4.2 2.4 0.3 0.3 1.22015 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.3 4.4 0.7 1.3 1.9 1.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 1.3 0.4 1.3 2.0 1.3 0.8 0.4 1.22016 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.2 1.02017 1.0 1.3 0.5 0.5 -0.8 0.6 1.6 1.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.8 2.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 1.22018 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.2 5.3 0.2 0.2 1.1 1.3 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.1 1.02019 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.92020 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

157


74. Other capital expenditure, including capital transfers; general governmentESA 2010 (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0.1

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 0.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : 1.7 : : : : : : 1.7 0.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : 1.2 : : : : : : 1.8 0.21992 : : : : : : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : 2.0 0.11993 : : : : : : : : : 1.1 : : : : : : 2.2 0.11994 : : : : : : : : : 1.0 : : : : : : 2.3 0.11995 0.1 13.4 0.5 : 6.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 : 1.1 : : : : : : 2.3 0.01996 0.0 3.4 0.3 : 3.0 4.7 0.6 0.1 : 0.9 : : : : : : 2.4 0.01997 0.3 3.6 0.3 : 3.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 : 0.7 : : : : : : 1.9 0.01998 0.8 4.5 0.4 : 4.6 0.8 1.0 -0.5 : 0.6 : : : : : : 6.9 0.01999 0.4 3.2 0.3 : 2.2 0.3 1.5 0.3 : 0.6 : : : : : : 2.0 0.12000 0.4 2.3 0.3 : 2.7 0.4 1.0 0.1 : 0.6 : : : : : : 2.9 0.1

2001 0.3 4.9 -0.2 1.2 2.9 0.5 1.4 0.1 1.3 0.8 1.2 : : : : : 1.9 0.12002 0.9 5.1 0.1 2.5 4.0 0.5 1.4 0.2 1.4 0.8 1.2 : : : : : 1.7 0.12003 0.5 5.0 0.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 1.4 0.2 1.3 0.9 1.3 : : : : : 1.8 0.22004 0.4 2.4 0.1 2.5 1.5 0.4 2.5 0.1 1.3 0.7 1.2 : : : : : 1.3 0.32005 0.4 2.5 -0.1 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.3 1.3 0.9 1.2 : : : : : 1.4 0.42006 -0.1 1.8 -0.1 1.5 1.8 0.9 1.7 0.1 1.2 0.8 1.2 : : : : : 1.1 0.12007 2.9 1.5 0.0 1.3 1.9 0.7 1.5 0.1 1.1 0.8 1.0 : : : : : 1.0 0.22008 0.1 1.3 0.6 1.5 1.3 0.8 1.0 0.1 1.2 2.6 1.4 : : : : : 1.1 0.62009 0.2 0.9 0.3 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.1 1.3 1.8 1.4 : : : : 0.9 1.9 1.02010 0.3 0.9 0.4 2.6 1.4 0.7 0.9 0.1 1.7 1.1 1.6 : : : : 1.3 1.2 0.5

2011 0.3 1.1 0.8 2.9 2.9 0.6 2.5 0.3 1.2 0.8 1.2 : : : : 1.1 1.4 0.42012 0.6 2.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 0.4 1.6 0.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 : : : : 1.2 1.4 0.32013 0.3 0.9 0.2 1.1 1.6 0.3 1.2 0.2 1.3 0.7 1.2 : : : : 0.6 1.4 0.12014 3.7 1.3 0.5 1.6 2.0 0.4 1.3 0.2 1.1 0.7 1.1 : : : : 0.6 1.2 0.12015 0.3 0.8 0.7 1.4 2.9 0.4 1.2 0.4 1.1 0.8 1.1 : : : : 0.6 1.1 -0.12016 1.2 0.7 0.2 1.8 2.5 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.9 : : : : 0.4 1.0 0.12017 0.9 0.7 0.1 1.3 2.3 0.8 1.0 0.1 1.1 0.8 1.0 : : : : 1.0 0.9 0.22018 0.3 0.7 0.4 1.8 2.1 0.5 1.3 0.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 : : : : 0.4 0.9 0.12019 0.6 0.7 0.2 1.7 2.1 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.9 : : -3.8 : 0.4 0.9 0.12020 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.2 2.1 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.9 : : -3.6 : 0.4 0.9 0.1


158


75. Total expenditure; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 38.5 :

1980 : : : : : : 46.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 40.0 :

1985 : : : : : : 52.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 46.2 :

1990 : 50.1 47.9

1991 : 46.4 : : : : 51.3 : : : : : : : : : : : 56.6 : 1992 : 47.2 : : : : 52.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 61.7 : 1993 : 48.0 : : : : 55.2 : : : : : : : : : : : 64.1 : 1994 : 47.9 : : : : 54.6 : : : : : : : : : : : 62.5 : 1995 52.4 54.7 41.0 40.8 46.0 44.3 54.8 51.8 30.9 35.6 34.6 40.7 39.1 53.7 55.8 42.6 52.1 48.2 61.1 52.81996 52.7 48.9 39.3 39.0 45.1 43.0 54.9 51.6 32.9 35.4 36.6 41.1 41.6 47.0 55.6 43.1 44.0 53.1 59.5 50.21997 51.2 48.1 37.4 36.5 43.7 41.6 54.5 49.6 34.2 35.1 50.3 41.2 41.7 45.5 52.3 42.4 44.2 48.4 56.1 49.01998 50.6 47.7 39.5 34.6 45.1 41.0 52.9 48.3 34.2 37.9 41.2 41.8 41.5 44.3 52.2 42.7 45.0 45.6 52.4 48.11999 50.1 47.7 40.3 32.9 46.2 39.9 52.6 47.4 34.1 40.8 40.8 39.4 41.8 43.4 52.1 42.6 45.8 47.9 51.0 47.62000 49.1 44.7 36.4 30.9 46.4 39.2 51.7 46.6 34.4 37.3 39.4 37.8 40.2 42.2 51.0 42.6 46.1 52.0 48.0 46.0

2001 49.2 46.9 35.0 32.5 46.0 38.5 51.7 47.5 35.3 34.8 37.1 38.2 41.7 42.9 51.4 44.1 47.0 44.4 47.3 46.82002 49.5 47.3 36.1 33.2 45.8 38.6 52.8 46.8 37.0 35.1 35.1 41.4 41.4 43.6 51.1 43.7 45.8 45.1 48.5 47.02003 50.7 47.8 35.2 33.0 46.6 38.3 53.3 47.2 40.5 33.4 33.6 43.5 45.2 44.5 51.3 45.3 45.8 39.9 49.4 47.42004 48.9 46.3 34.3 33.2 47.6 38.7 53.0 46.8 38.5 34.7 34.0 43.8 42.2 43.5 53.7 46.1 45.3 37.8 49.3 46.82005 51.6 46.2 34.0 33.4 45.6 38.3 53.3 47.1 39.3 34.2 34.1 43.6 42.2 42.2 51.2 46.7 44.9 39.8 49.3 46.72006 48.5 44.7 33.6 33.9 45.1 38.3 52.9 47.6 38.7 36.0 34.3 39.7 42.3 43.0 50.4 45.2 44.2 38.8 48.3 46.12007 48.2 42.8 34.1 35.9 47.1 39.0 52.6 46.8 37.6 34.0 35.3 37.8 41.1 42.3 49.2 44.5 42.2 36.3 46.8 45.42008 50.3 43.6 39.7 41.8 50.8 41.2 53.3 47.8 38.4 37.6 38.1 39.7 42.6 43.1 49.9 45.3 43.9 36.9 48.3 46.62009 54.2 47.6 46.1 47.0 54.1 45.8 57.2 51.2 42.1 44.6 44.9 45.1 41.9 47.6 54.1 50.2 48.2 44.1 54.8 50.72010 53.3 47.3 40.5 65.1 52.5 45.6 56.9 49.9 42.0 45.4 42.3 44.1 41.1 47.9 52.8 51.8 49.3 42.1 54.8 50.6

2011 54.5 44.7 37.4 46.6 54.1 45.8 56.3 49.4 42.3 40.5 42.5 42.4 41.2 46.8 50.9 50.0 50.0 40.8 54.4 49.22012 55.9 44.3 39.3 42.1 55.7 48.1 57.1 50.8 41.9 38.0 36.1 44.1 42.7 46.8 51.2 48.5 48.5 40.6 56.2 49.72013 55.8 44.7 38.5 40.4 62.3 45.6 57.2 51.1 41.9 37.7 35.5 43.3 41.9 46.5 51.6 49.9 59.5 41.4 57.5 49.82014 55.3 44.0 37.8 37.5 50.2 44.8 57.2 50.9 48.8 38.1 34.6 42.0 41.1 45.7 52.4 51.8 49.9 42.0 58.1 49.12015 53.7 43.7 39.6 29.0 53.5 43.7 56.8 50.3 40.6 38.2 34.9 41.9 39.6 44.6 51.1 48.2 47.7 45.1 57.0 48.32016 53.1 43.9 39.5 27.6 48.9 42.2 56.6 49.0 38.0 37.0 34.1 41.9 36.5 43.6 50.3 44.8 45.3 41.5 55.9 47.52017 52.1 43.9 39.3 26.3 47.3 41.0 56.4 48.9 37.4 37.8 33.1 43.0 35.7 42.5 49.2 45.7 43.2 40.2 54.2 47.02018 52.4 43.9 39.5 25.7 46.7 41.3 56.0 48.6 44.7 38.5 34.0 43.1 36.8 42.2 48.5 44.0 42.4 40.6 53.1 46.82019 52.3 44.6 39.9 25.6 46.7 41.2 55.5 49.2 38.0 37.8 34.4 43.8 37.1 42.6 48.0 44.2 42.5 40.4 52.8 47.02020 52.5 44.7 39.9 25.0 45.6 41.0 54.4 49.8 39.0 37.4 34.9 44.3 37.1 42.8 47.7 43.9 42.1 40.2 52.6 46.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

159


75. Total expenditure; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 34.2

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 36.9

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 35.4

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 31.8 37.3

1990 : : : : : : : : : 35.7 : : : : : : 30.8 37.7

1991 : : : : : : : : : 36.5 : : : : : : 30.7 38.61992 : : : : : : : : : 38.8 : : : : : : 31.8 39.41993 : : : : : : : : : 38.8 : : : : : : 33.6 38.81994 : : : : : : : : : 38.4 : : : : : : : 37.81995 32.0 52.9 58.5 : 55.1 47.9 34.3 63.5 : 38.5 : : : : : : : 37.81996 37.1 41.8 58.0 : 50.8 51.1 33.2 61.4 : 36.9 : : : : : : : 37.11997 30.6 42.0 55.9 : 49.5 47.1 34.6 59.2 : 35.8 : : : : : : : 36.01998 34.1 42.1 55.4 : 50.6 45.1 35.6 56.9 : 35.5 : : : : : : : 35.11999 41.7 41.4 54.5 : 48.6 43.4 39.3 56.2 : 35.3 : : : : : : : 34.72000 41.1 41.0 52.7 : 47.1 42.1 38.5 53.3 : 35.4 : : : : : : : 34.3

2001 40.9 43.2 52.8 45.9 47.1 45.0 36.3 52.7 46.9 36.5 45.1 : : : : : : 35.62002 39.4 44.8 53.2 50.5 50.8 45.4 34.9 53.9 47.3 37.6 45.5 : : : : : : 36.72003 38.9 49.3 53.6 49.9 49.0 45.8 34.3 54.0 47.7 38.8 46.2 : : : : : : 37.32004 38.1 42.6 53.0 48.8 48.7 43.6 33.8 52.4 47.0 40.0 45.8 : : : : : : 36.92005 37.0 42.3 51.2 46.8 49.3 44.4 33.5 52.3 46.8 41.3 45.8 : : : : : 35.5 37.02006 33.9 41.4 49.8 46.5 51.4 44.7 35.6 51.0 46.2 40.8 45.2 : : : : : 35.0 36.72007 37.7 40.4 49.6 45.5 49.9 43.2 37.5 49.3 45.4 40.9 44.6 : : : : : 35.0 37.42008 37.1 40.6 50.4 45.3 48.7 44.3 37.6 50.0 46.5 44.4 46.2 : : : : : 36.1 39.82009 39.4 44.2 56.5 48.3 50.4 45.0 39.4 52.7 50.4 47.3 50.0 : : : : 38.0 40.7 43.32010 36.2 43.5 56.7 48.0 49.3 45.8 40.0 50.8 50.2 47.6 49.9 : : : : 35.5 39.7 43.2

2011 33.8 43.0 56.4 48.5 49.5 43.9 39.5 50.3 49.0 45.9 48.5 : : : : 33.6 40.6 42.02012 34.5 44.5 58.0 47.8 48.5 42.9 37.3 51.3 49.5 45.7 48.9 : : : : 33.5 40.6 40.22013 37.7 42.6 55.8 47.6 49.4 42.6 35.4 52.0 49.4 43.9 48.6 : : : : 32.8 40.8 39.02014 43.2 42.4 55.2 48.1 49.5 42.4 35.3 51.1 48.8 43.0 47.9 : : : : 32.1 40.2 38.32015 40.5 41.7 54.5 48.3 50.1 41.7 36.1 49.8 48.0 42.2 46.9 : : : : 31.9 39.3 37.92016 35.1 39.5 52.7 47.3 46.8 41.1 34.5 49.8 47.2 41.4 46.2 : : : : 34.1 39.3 38.22017 35.0 38.9 51.2 45.3 46.9 41.2 33.6 49.4 46.7 41.0 45.8 : : : : 34.2 38.8 38.02018 34.8 40.8 51.4 46.4 46.5 41.5 35.0 49.9 46.5 40.8 45.6 : : : : 32.9 38.9 2019 37.0 41.7 51.1 46.7 46.4 42.6 36.1 49.8 46.7 41.0 45.8 : 44.5 30.5 : 33.2 38.8 2020 36.7 41.9 51.5 46.1 45.6 42.6 38.0 49.5 46.5 40.9 45.6 : 39.6 30.7 : 32.8 39.0


160


76. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-); general governmentExcessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : 0.0 : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : -2.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 5.0 :

1980 : : : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.7 :

1985 : : : : : : -3.0 : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 :

1990 : -2.4 5.3

1991 : -3.2 : : : : -2.9 : : : : : : : : : : : -0.9 : 1992 : -2.6 : : : : -4.6 : : : : : : : : : : : -5.3 : 1993 : -3.1 : : : : -6.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -8.1 : 1994 : -2.5 : : : : -5.4 : : : : : : : : : : : -6.5 : 1995 -4.4 -9.4 1.1 -2.1 -9.7 -7.0 -5.1 -7.3 -0.7 -1.4 -1.5 2.7 -3.5 -8.7 -6.1 -5.2 -8.2 -3.3 -5.9 -7.41996 -3.9 -3.5 -0.4 -0.2 -8.2 -5.4 -3.9 -6.7 -3.0 -0.4 -3.2 1.6 -7.7 -1.8 -4.5 -4.7 -1.1 -9.7 -3.2 -4.31997 -2.1 -2.9 2.2 1.3 -6.1 -3.9 -3.7 -3.0 -4.8 1.4 -11.8 2.8 -7.1 -1.6 -2.6 -3.7 -2.3 -6.2 -1.2 -3.11998 -0.9 -2.5 -0.8 2.0 -6.3 -2.9 -2.4 -3.0 -3.8 0.0 -3.0 3.2 -9.3 -1.4 -2.7 -4.4 -2.3 -5.2 1.6 -2.51999 -0.6 -1.7 -3.3 3.5 -5.8 -1.3 -1.6 -1.8 -4.0 -3.7 -2.8 3.5 -6.7 0.3 -2.6 -3.0 -3.0 -7.3 1.7 -1.52000 -0.1 0.9 -0.1 4.9 -4.1 -1.1 -1.3 -2.4 -2.2 -2.7 -3.2 5.9 -5.5 1.2 -2.4 -3.2 -3.6 -12.0 6.9 -0.5

2001 0.2 -3.1 0.2 1.0 -5.5 -0.5 -1.4 -3.4 -2.1 -1.9 -3.5 5.9 -6.1 -0.5 -0.7 -4.8 -3.9 -6.4 5.0 -2.02002 0.0 -3.9 0.4 -0.5 -6.0 -0.4 -3.2 -3.0 -4.1 -2.3 -1.9 2.4 -5.4 -2.1 -1.4 -3.3 -2.4 -8.1 4.1 -2.72003 -1.8 -4.2 1.8 0.3 -7.8 -0.4 -4.0 -3.3 -5.9 -1.5 -1.3 0.2 -9.0 -3.1 -1.8 -4.4 -2.6 -2.7 2.4 -3.22004 -0.2 -3.7 2.4 1.3 -8.8 0.0 -3.6 -3.5 -3.7 -0.9 -1.4 -1.3 -4.3 -1.8 -4.8 -6.2 -2.0 -2.3 2.2 -3.02005 -2.8 -3.4 1.1 1.6 -6.2 1.2 -3.4 -4.1 -2.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 -2.6 -0.4 -2.5 -6.2 -1.3 -2.9 2.6 -2.62006 0.2 -1.7 2.9 2.8 -5.9 2.2 -2.4 -3.5 -1.0 -0.5 -0.3 1.9 -2.5 0.1 -2.5 -4.3 -1.2 -3.6 3.9 -1.52007 0.1 0.2 2.7 0.3 -6.7 1.9 -2.6 -1.5 3.2 -0.5 -0.8 4.2 -2.1 -0.1 -1.4 -3.0 -0.1 -1.9 5.1 -0.72008 -1.1 -0.2 -2.7 -7.0 -10.2 -4.4 -3.3 -2.6 0.9 -4.2 -3.1 3.3 -4.2 0.2 -1.5 -3.8 -1.4 -2.4 4.2 -2.22009 -5.4 -3.2 -2.2 -13.8 -15.1 -11.0 -7.2 -5.2 -5.4 -9.5 -9.1 -0.7 -3.2 -5.1 -5.3 -9.8 -5.8 -7.8 -2.5 -6.22010 -4.0 -4.2 0.2 -32.1 -11.2 -9.4 -6.9 -4.2 -4.7 -8.6 -6.9 -0.7 -2.4 -5.2 -4.4 -11.2 -5.6 -7.5 -2.6 -6.2

2011 -4.2 -1.0 1.2 -12.8 -10.3 -9.6 -5.2 -3.7 -5.7 -4.3 -8.9 0.5 -2.4 -4.4 -2.6 -7.4 -6.7 -4.3 -1.0 -4.22012 -4.2 0.0 -0.3 -8.1 -8.9 -10.5 -5.0 -2.9 -5.6 -1.2 -3.1 0.3 -3.5 -3.9 -2.2 -5.7 -4.0 -4.3 -2.2 -3.72013 -3.1 -0.1 -0.2 -6.2 -13.2 -7.0 -4.1 -2.9 -5.1 -1.2 -2.6 1.0 -2.4 -2.9 -2.0 -4.8 -14.7 -2.7 -2.6 -3.12014 -3.1 0.6 0.7 -3.6 -3.6 -6.0 -3.9 -3.0 -9.0 -1.4 -0.6 1.3 -1.7 -2.2 -2.7 -7.2 -5.5 -2.7 -3.2 -2.52015 -2.4 0.8 0.1 -1.9 -5.6 -5.3 -3.6 -2.6 -1.3 -1.4 -0.3 1.4 -1.0 -2.0 -1.0 -4.4 -2.8 -2.6 -2.8 -2.02016 -2.4 0.9 -0.3 -0.7 0.5 -4.5 -3.5 -2.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 1.9 0.9 0.0 -1.6 -2.0 -1.9 -2.2 -1.7 -1.62017 -0.8 1.0 -0.4 -0.3 0.7 -3.1 -2.8 -2.4 1.8 -0.6 0.5 1.4 3.4 1.2 -0.8 -3.0 0.0 -0.8 -0.8 -1.02018 -0.7 1.7 -0.6 0.0 1.1 -2.5 -2.5 -2.1 -4.8 -1.0 0.7 2.4 2.0 1.5 0.1 -0.5 0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.52019 -1.3 1.0 -0.3 0.0 0.5 -2.3 -3.1 -2.5 3.0 -0.6 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.3 -0.4 0.7 -0.5 -0.4 -0.92020 -1.5 0.8 -0.5 0.3 -0.1 -2.0 -2.2 -3.5 2.8 -0.6 0.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.2 -0.1 0.9 -0.6 -0.2 -0.9

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

161


76. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-); general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -4.4

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -7.3

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -4.0

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -1.4 -6.0

1990 : : : : : : : : : -1.6 : : : : : : 2.0 -5.2

1991 : : : : : : : : : -2.7 : : : : : : 1.7 -6.11992 : : : : : : : : : -5.6 : : : : : : 0.6 -7.11993 : : : : : : : : : -6.9 : : : : : : -2.4 -6.31994 : : : : : : : : : -5.9 : : : : : : -3.8 -5.01995 -5.5 -12.4 -3.6 : -8.6 -4.2 -2.0 -7.0 : -5.2 : : : : : : -4.3 -4.61996 -8.2 -3.0 -2.5 : -4.4 -4.5 -3.6 -3.1 : -3.8 : : : : : : -4.9 -3.51997 0.8 -3.2 -1.2 : -5.5 -4.6 -4.4 -1.6 : -2.1 : : : : : : -3.5 -2.11998 1.1 -4.2 -0.4 : -7.4 -4.2 -3.2 0.8 : -0.3 : : : : : : -10.2 -0.91999 0.1 -3.1 0.9 : -5.1 -2.2 -4.4 0.8 : 0.6 : : : : : : -6.8 -0.52000 -0.5 -3.6 1.9 : -3.0 -3.0 -4.6 3.2 : 1.4 : : : : : : -7.4 0.3

2001 1.1 -5.5 1.1 -2.2 -4.1 -4.8 -3.5 1.4 -2.0 0.2 -1.6 : : : : : -6.2 -1.82002 -1.2 -6.4 0.0 -3.5 -8.8 -4.8 -1.9 -1.5 -2.8 -1.9 -2.6 : : : : : -7.4 -5.32003 -0.4 -6.9 -0.1 -4.7 -7.1 -6.1 -1.4 -1.3 -3.2 -3.1 -3.2 : : : : : -7.5 -6.42004 1.8 -2.4 2.1 -5.2 -6.5 -5.0 -1.1 0.4 -2.8 -3.1 -2.9 : : : : : -5.3 -5.82005 1.0 -3.0 5.0 -3.9 -7.8 -4.0 -0.8 1.8 -2.4 -3.1 -2.5 -3.5 : 0.2 1.1 : -4.4 -4.42006 1.8 -2.2 5.0 -3.4 -9.3 -3.6 -2.1 2.2 -1.4 -2.8 -1.6 -3.4 3.3 -0.5 -1.4 : -3.0 -3.32007 1.1 -0.7 5.0 -2.4 -5.0 -1.9 -2.7 3.4 -0.5 -2.6 -0.9 -3.5 6.7 0.6 -1.8 : -2.8 -4.02008 1.6 -2.0 3.2 -2.8 -3.7 -3.6 -5.4 1.9 -2.0 -5.2 -2.5 -5.6 -0.5 -0.9 -2.5 : -4.1 -7.42009 -4.1 -5.5 -2.8 -6.0 -4.5 -7.3 -9.1 -0.7 -6.0 -10.1 -6.6 -7.1 -5.8 -2.6 -4.2 -6.2 -9.8 -13.12010 -3.1 -4.2 -2.7 -6.3 -4.5 -7.3 -6.9 0.0 -5.9 -9.3 -6.4 -3.1 -4.8 -2.4 -4.3 -2.7 -9.1 -12.4

2011 -2.0 -2.7 -2.1 -7.9 -5.4 -4.8 -5.4 -0.2 -4.1 -7.5 -4.6 -3.5 -5.4 -2.5 -4.5 -0.7 -9.1 -11.02012 -0.3 -3.9 -3.5 -5.3 -2.4 -3.7 -3.7 -1.0 -3.6 -8.1 -4.3 -3.4 -5.7 -3.8 -6.4 -0.2 -8.3 -9.22013 -0.4 -1.2 -1.2 -5.3 -2.6 -4.1 -2.2 -1.4 -3.0 -5.3 -3.3 -5.0 -5.2 -3.8 -5.1 0.2 -7.6 -5.82014 -5.5 -2.1 1.1 -5.1 -2.6 -3.7 -1.3 -1.6 -2.4 -5.3 -2.9 -5.2 -3.1 -4.2 -6.2 0.2 -5.4 -5.22015 -1.7 -0.6 -1.3 -3.2 -1.9 -2.7 -0.7 0.0 -1.9 -4.2 -2.3 -4.1 -7.3 -3.5 -3.5 0.6 -3.6 -4.62016 0.1 0.7 -0.1 -1.0 -1.6 -2.2 -2.7 1.0 -1.4 -2.9 -1.7 -1.8 -2.8 -2.7 -1.2 -1.1 -3.5 -5.32017 1.2 1.6 1.4 0.8 -2.2 -1.5 -2.7 1.4 -0.8 -1.9 -1.0 -2.0 -5.6 -2.7 1.1 -2.8 -3.0 -4.12018 2.0 0.9 0.5 0.2 -2.2 -0.4 -3.0 0.9 -0.5 -1.5 -0.6 1.5 -2.6 -1.8 0.6 -2.6 -2.9 -6.42019 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.1 -1.8 -1.6 -3.5 0.4 -0.9 -1.5 -1.0 1.5 -2.6 -3.0 -0.5 -3.0 -2.8 -6.52020 1.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.5 -1.6 -1.4 -4.7 0.4 -0.9 -1.2 -1.0 1.4 1.8 -2.5 -0.5 -2.5 -2.5 -6.4


162

77. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) excluding interest; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.6 :

1980 : : : : : : 0.8 : : : : : : : : : : : 4.7 :

1985 : : : : : : -0.4 : : : : : : : : : : : 5.1 :

1990 : 0.2 6.7

1991 : -0.5 : : : : -0.1 : : : : : : : : : : : 0.9 : 1992 : 0.5 : : : : -1.6 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.8 : 1993 : 0.0 : : : : -3.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -3.8 : 1994 : 0.7 : : : : -2.1 : : : : : : : : : : : -2.5 : 1995 4.5 -6.0 1.6 3.0 1.0 -2.1 -1.7 3.9 1.2 -0.6 -1.2 3.3 -1.7 -3.7 -2.1 0.4 -6.1 -1.0 -2.1 -2.11996 4.6 -0.1 0.2 4.2 2.1 -0.3 -0.3 4.4 -0.7 0.9 -2.4 2.2 -5.7 2.9 -0.6 0.1 0.9 -7.2 0.8 1.01997 5.6 0.4 2.5 5.0 2.3 0.6 -0.1 6.2 -2.5 2.3 -11.0 3.3 -4.6 2.8 1.0 0.1 0.0 -3.8 2.9 1.81998 6.5 0.8 -0.2 5.4 1.4 1.1 1.0 4.8 -0.9 0.7 -1.9 3.8 -6.4 2.8 0.9 -1.2 -0.2 -2.7 5.1 2.01999 6.3 1.3 -2.9 5.9 1.8 2.1 1.4 4.6 -1.1 -3.1 -1.4 3.9 -2.9 4.1 0.8 -0.1 -0.7 -3.9 4.6 2.42000 6.6 4.0 0.2 6.8 2.8 2.1 1.6 3.7 1.0 -1.8 -1.5 6.3 -1.5 4.5 1.2 -0.2 -1.3 -8.0 9.6 3.3

2001 6.7 -0.1 0.4 2.4 0.8 2.4 1.6 2.7 1.1 -1.0 -2.0 6.3 -2.4 2.4 2.9 -1.8 -1.6 -2.5 7.5 1.72002 5.8 -1.0 0.7 0.8 -0.5 2.2 -0.2 2.5 -1.1 -1.6 -0.5 2.8 -1.5 0.4 2.1 -0.5 -0.3 -4.6 6.1 0.72003 3.6 -1.3 2.0 1.6 -2.9 1.9 -1.2 1.6 -2.7 -0.7 0.0 0.5 -5.5 -0.8 1.4 -1.8 -0.7 -0.2 4.3 0.02004 4.6 -1.0 2.6 2.4 -4.0 1.9 -0.8 1.1 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -1.1 -0.6 0.5 -1.8 -3.6 -0.3 -0.2 3.9 0.12005 1.6 -0.7 1.3 2.6 -1.5 3.0 -0.7 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.8 0.7 -3.6 0.2 -1.2 4.2 0.32006 4.3 1.0 3.1 3.8 -1.5 3.8 0.2 0.9 1.9 -0.1 0.4 2.2 1.2 2.1 0.6 -1.6 0.2 -2.2 5.4 1.32007 4.0 2.9 2.9 1.3 -2.2 3.5 0.1 3.3 6.0 -0.2 -0.2 4.5 1.3 1.9 1.8 -0.1 1.2 -0.6 6.6 2.22008 2.9 2.5 -2.5 -5.7 -5.4 -2.9 -0.4 2.3 3.5 -3.7 -2.4 3.7 -0.8 2.2 1.5 -0.7 -0.3 -1.1 5.6 0.82009 -1.6 -0.6 -2.0 -11.8 -10.1 -9.3 -4.6 -0.8 -3.1 -8.0 -7.9 -0.3 0.0 -3.1 -2.2 -6.8 -4.5 -6.4 -1.2 -3.42010 -0.4 -1.7 0.3 -29.2 -5.3 -7.5 -4.4 0.1 -2.8 -6.8 -5.1 -0.2 0.7 -3.5 -1.5 -8.2 -4.0 -6.2 -1.3 -3.4

2011 -0.6 1.5 1.3 -9.4 -3.0 -7.2 -2.4 1.0 -3.5 -2.5 -7.1 1.0 0.8 -2.6 0.2 -3.1 -4.8 -2.7 0.3 -1.22012 -0.6 2.3 -0.1 -3.9 -3.8 -7.5 -2.4 2.3 -2.4 0.5 -1.2 0.9 -0.5 -2.2 0.5 -0.8 -2.0 -2.6 -0.8 -0.62013 0.2 1.8 -0.1 -1.9 -9.1 -3.5 -1.8 1.9 -1.7 0.3 -0.9 1.5 0.4 -1.4 0.7 0.0 -12.1 -0.8 -1.4 -0.32014 0.2 2.2 0.8 0.2 0.3 -2.5 -1.7 1.5 -5.8 0.0 1.0 1.7 1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -2.3 -2.3 -0.8 -2.0 0.12015 0.6 2.2 0.2 0.7 -2.1 -2.2 -1.6 1.5 1.9 0.0 1.3 1.8 1.3 -0.7 1.3 0.2 0.4 -0.8 -1.6 0.32016 0.4 2.1 -0.3 1.6 3.6 -1.7 -1.7 1.4 3.1 1.1 1.6 2.2 3.0 1.2 0.5 2.2 1.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.62017 1.6 2.1 -0.3 1.7 3.9 -0.5 -1.0 1.4 4.3 0.3 1.6 1.8 5.2 2.2 1.1 0.9 2.5 0.6 0.2 1.02018 1.6 2.6 -0.5 1.7 4.4 0.0 -0.8 1.6 -2.3 -0.3 1.5 2.7 3.6 2.4 1.8 3.0 2.7 0.6 0.2 1.32019 0.8 1.8 -0.3 1.4 4.0 0.0 -1.5 1.2 5.4 0.1 1.1 1.7 2.5 2.2 1.8 2.9 2.3 0.8 0.5 0.92020 0.5 1.6 -0.4 1.5 3.6 0.1 -0.5 0.2 4.9 0.1 0.7 1.4 2.2 1.5 1.6 3.0 2.4 0.6 0.7 0.8

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W

163

77. Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) excluding interest; general government Excessive deficit procedure (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))


1970 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -0.3

1975 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -2.7

1980 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.1

1985 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2.8 0.5

1990 : : : : : : : : : 1.5 : : : : : : 5.5 1.0

1991 : : : : : : : : : -0.1 : : : : : : 5.1 0.31992 : : : : : : : : : -3.1 : : : : : : 4.0 -0.91993 : : : : : : : : : -4.3 : : : : : : 0.9 -0.31994 : : : : : : : : : -3.1 : : : : : : -0.5 0.81995 4.3 -11.4 2.2 : 0.1 1.4 -0.4 -1.9 : -2.1 : : : : : : -1.0 1.41996 7.6 -1.9 3.1 : 4.7 -0.1 -1.8 2.1 : -0.7 : : : : : : -1.6 2.31997 7.3 -2.1 3.8 : 2.9 -0.1 0.0 3.4 : 1.0 : : : : : : -0.3 3.51998 4.7 -3.1 4.1 : -0.4 -0.2 0.7 5.2 : 2.7 : : : : : : -6.9 4.31999 3.7 -2.2 5.0 : 1.5 0.7 0.6 4.6 : 3.2 : : : : : : -3.5 4.22000 3.6 -2.8 5.6 : 2.2 0.0 -0.6 6.5 : 3.8 : : : : : : -4.2 4.8

2001 5.3 -4.6 4.5 -0.4 0.6 -1.7 0.0 4.0 1.7 2.4 1.8 : : : : : -3.5 2.42002 1.1 -5.3 3.1 -1.7 -4.8 -2.0 0.5 1.4 0.6 -0.1 0.5 : : : : : -5.0 -1.32003 1.8 -5.8 2.6 -2.9 -3.1 -3.1 0.2 0.8 -0.1 -1.3 -0.3 : : : : : -5.4 -2.42004 3.7 -1.3 4.6 -3.3 -2.2 -2.3 0.4 2.0 0.1 -1.2 -0.1 : : : : : -3.5 -1.92005 2.6 -1.9 7.0 -1.9 -3.7 -1.5 0.4 3.6 0.4 -1.2 0.2 : : : : : -2.7 -0.52006 3.1 -1.1 6.8 -1.5 -5.4 -1.2 -1.3 3.8 1.3 -0.8 1.0 : : : : : -1.2 0.62007 2.2 0.4 6.6 -0.6 -1.0 0.3 -2.1 5.0 2.2 -0.5 1.8 : : : : : -0.9 0.12008 2.4 -1.0 4.6 -0.8 0.4 -1.5 -4.7 3.5 0.8 -3.0 0.2 : : : : : -2.2 -3.42009 -3.3 -4.2 -0.9 -3.7 -0.1 -4.8 -7.6 0.4 -3.3 -8.2 -4.0 : : : : -1.6 -7.8 -8.92010 -2.4 -2.9 -0.8 -3.8 -0.4 -4.9 -5.4 1.0 -3.3 -6.4 -3.7 : : : : 1.2 -7.2 -8.2

2011 -1.2 -1.4 -0.1 -5.1 -1.3 -2.3 -3.8 0.9 -1.2 -4.3 -1.7 : : : : 2.3 -7.1 -6.62012 0.5 -2.5 -1.7 -2.1 2.2 -1.1 -1.9 -0.1 -0.7 -5.2 -1.4 : : : : 2.7 -6.3 -5.02013 0.4 0.1 0.4 -2.1 1.9 -1.6 -0.4 -0.6 -0.3 -2.5 -0.6 : : : : 2.6 -5.7 -1.82014 -4.6 -0.8 2.6 -1.7 1.4 -1.7 0.4 -0.9 0.1 -2.7 -0.4 : : : : 2.5 -3.5 -1.22015 -0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 1.6 -0.9 0.9 0.6 0.3 -1.9 -0.1 : : : : 2.6 -1.7 -0.92016 1.0 1.6 1.3 2.1 1.6 -0.5 -1.2 1.5 0.6 -0.5 0.4 : : : : 0.9 -1.7 -1.42017 2.0 2.3 2.5 3.5 0.6 0.0 -1.4 1.9 1.0 0.8 1.0 : : : : -0.6 -1.3 -0.32018 2.7 1.7 1.6 2.5 0.3 1.1 -1.8 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.2 3.8 : : : -0.2 -1.1 -2.42019 1.4 1.0 1.6 2.3 0.7 -0.3 -2.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 3.8 -0.6 -1.7 1.5 -0.4 -1.0 -2.52020 1.5 0.6 1.0 2.3 0.8 -0.1 -3.4 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.8 3.8 3.8 -1.2 1.4 0.0 -0.8 -2.4


164

78. General government consolidated gross debtExcessive deficit procedure (based on ESA 2010) and former definitions (linked series) (Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BE DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU MT NL AT PT SI SK FI EA-19 EA-12 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

1970 60.1 17.8 : 47.6 18.1 14.3 : 36.0 : : : 26.2 : : 18.5 : : : 11.4 : :

1975 55.8 23.6 : 56.6 18.4 11.7 : 55.1 : : : 16.9 : 38.5 22.9 18.9 : : 6.5 : :

1980 74.2 30.3 : 66.9 22.7 16.0 21.0 54.6 : : : 12.9 : 43.2 35.5 29.1 : : 11.2 : 33.0

1985 115.4 39.5 : 97.4 48.9 40.4 31.0 78.5 : : : 13.4 : 66.5 48.1 55.7 : : 15.8 : 49.9

1990 125.9 41.3 90.2 72.5 41.6 35.6 91.9 6.1 73.3 56.3 52.5 13.8 56.0

1991 127.3 38.9 : 91.6 74.8 42.3 36.3 95.1 : : : 5.3 : 73.0 56.5 54.8 : : 21.8 : 56.41992 128.9 41.4 : 88.7 80.0 44.7 40.1 101.6 : : : 6.2 : 73.8 56.4 49.3 : : 39.2 : 58.21993 134.4 45.0 : 91.1 100.3 55.7 46.5 111.3 : : : 7.8 : 74.8 61.0 53.8 : : 54.1 : 63.91994 132.4 47.3 : 85.9 98.3 58.3 49.8 117.3 : : : 7.2 : 72.2 64.1 56.4 : : 56.1 : 66.71995 130.5 54.8 8.2 78.5 99.0 61.7 56.1 116.9 47.8 13.9 11.5 9.6 34.4 72.6 68.3 58.3 18.3 21.7 55.1 70.9 71.31996 128.0 57.6 7.5 69.9 101.3 65.6 60.0 116.3 49.1 13.3 13.9 9.5 38.7 70.7 68.3 59.5 21.6 30.5 55.3 72.8 73.31997 123.2 58.7 7.0 61.6 99.5 64.4 61.4 113.8 53.0 10.6 15.4 9.3 46.6 65.1 63.5 55.2 22.1 33.0 52.2 72.2 72.71998 118.2 59.4 6.0 51.5 97.4 62.5 61.3 110.8 54.7 9.0 16.5 8.9 51.2 61.9 63.9 51.8 22.8 33.9 46.9 71.8 72.31999 114.4 60.0 6.5 46.6 98.9 60.9 60.5 109.7 54.8 12.1 22.7 7.8 62.1 57.8 66.7 51.0 23.7 47.1 44.1 70.6 71.12000 108.8 58.9 5.1 36.1 104.9 58.0 58.9 105.1 55.7 12.1 23.5 7.2 60.9 52.1 66.1 50.3 25.9 49.6 42.5 68.2 68.6

2001 107.6 57.7 4.8 33.2 107.1 54.2 58.3 104.7 57.3 13.8 22.9 7.3 65.2 49.5 66.7 53.4 26.1 48.3 41.0 67.1 67.52002 104.7 59.4 5.7 30.6 104.9 51.3 60.3 101.9 60.5 13.0 22.1 7.0 63.2 48.8 66.7 56.2 27.3 42.9 40.2 67.0 67.42003 101.1 63.1 5.6 29.9 101.5 47.6 64.4 100.5 63.8 13.7 20.4 6.9 69.0 50.0 65.9 58.7 26.7 41.6 42.8 68.2 68.72004 96.5 64.8 5.1 28.2 102.9 45.3 65.9 100.1 64.8 14.0 18.7 7.3 71.9 50.3 65.2 62.0 26.8 40.6 42.7 68.5 69.02005 94.7 67.0 4.5 26.1 107.4 42.3 67.4 101.9 63.4 11.4 17.6 7.4 70.0 49.8 68.6 67.4 26.3 34.1 40.0 69.3 69.92006 91.0 66.5 4.4 23.6 103.6 38.9 64.6 102.6 59.3 9.6 17.2 7.8 64.5 45.2 67.3 69.2 26.0 31.0 38.2 67.4 68.12007 87.0 63.7 3.7 23.9 103.1 35.6 64.5 99.8 54.0 8.0 15.9 7.7 62.3 43.0 65.0 68.4 22.8 30.1 34.0 65.0 65.82008 92.5 65.2 4.5 42.4 109.4 39.5 68.8 102.4 45.6 18.2 14.6 14.9 62.6 54.7 68.7 71.7 21.8 28.5 32.7 68.7 69.72009 99.5 72.6 7.0 61.5 126.7 52.8 83.0 112.5 54.3 36.3 28.0 15.7 67.6 56.8 79.9 83.6 34.6 36.3 41.7 79.2 80.12010 99.7 81.8 6.6 86.0 146.2 60.1 85.3 115.4 56.8 47.3 36.2 19.8 67.5 59.3 82.7 96.2 38.4 41.2 47.1 85.0 85.9

2011 102.6 79.4 6.1 110.9 172.1 69.5 87.8 116.5 66.2 43.1 37.2 18.7 70.2 61.7 82.4 111.4 46.6 43.7 48.5 87.6 88.52012 104.3 80.7 9.7 119.9 159.6 85.7 90.6 123.4 80.1 41.6 39.8 22.0 67.7 66.2 81.9 126.2 53.8 52.2 53.9 91.8 92.82013 105.5 78.2 10.2 119.7 177.4 95.5 93.4 129.0 103.1 39.4 38.8 23.7 68.4 67.7 81.3 129.0 70.4 54.7 56.5 94.1 95.02014 107.5 75.3 10.5 104.1 178.9 100.4 94.9 131.8 108.0 40.9 40.5 22.7 63.4 67.9 84.0 130.6 80.4 53.5 60.2 94.4 95.22015 106.4 71.6 9.9 76.8 175.9 99.3 95.6 131.6 108.0 36.8 42.6 22.2 57.9 64.6 84.7 128.8 82.6 52.2 63.4 92.3 93.12016 106.1 68.5 9.2 73.5 178.5 99.0 98.0 131.4 105.5 40.3 40.0 20.7 55.5 61.9 83.0 129.2 78.7 51.8 63.0 91.4 92.22017 103.4 64.5 9.2 68.5 176.2 98.1 98.4 131.4 95.8 40.0 39.4 23.0 50.2 57.0 78.2 124.8 74.1 50.9 61.3 89.1 90.02018 102.0 60.9 8.4 64.8 181.1 97.1 98.4 132.2 102.5 35.9 34.2 21.4 46.0 52.4 73.8 121.5 70.1 48.9 58.9 87.1 88.02019 101.3 58.4 8.5 61.3 174.9 96.3 99.0 133.7 96.4 34.5 37.0 20.7 42.8 49.1 69.7 119.5 65.9 47.3 58.3 85.8 86.82020 100.7 55.6 8.5 55.9 168.9 95.7 98.9 135.2 89.9 33.5 36.4 20.3 40.2 46.7 66.8 116.6 61.7 46.0 57.7 84.3 85.3

1) 1970-90 D_W 2) ; 1970-90 including D_W 3) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.2 in 2010, 69.3 in 2011, 193.4 in 2012, 231.0 in 2013, 240.5 in 2014, 231.0 in 2015, 231.0 in 2016, 230.9 in 2017, 231.2 in 2018 4) Former Euro area 12; 1970-90 including D_W 5) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.0 in 2010, 68.6 in 2011, 190.0 in 2012, 226.9 in 2013, 236.3 in 2014, 226.9 in 2015, 226.9 in 2016, 226.9 in 2017, 227.1 in 2018

165

78. General government consolidated gross debtExcessive deficit procedure (based on ESA 2010) and former definitions (linked series)

(Percentage of GDP at market prices (excessive deficit procedure))

BG CZ DK HR HU PL RO SE EU-27 UK EU-28 EU-15 AL ME MK RS TR JP US 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

1970 : : : : : : : 25.5 : 73.5 : : : : : : : 10.8 44.4

1975 : : 7.0 : : : : 24.6 : 57.2 : : : : : : : 20.7 43.4

1980 : : 39.2 : : : : 37.4 : 48.1 : : : : : : : 49.6 41.3

1985 : : 74.7 : : : : 57.7 : 46.0 : : : : : : : 69.6 54.2

1990 : : 62.4 : : : : 39.2 : 28.9 : : : : : : : 64.2 62.2

1991 : : 63.2 : : : : 47.0 : 29.1 : 51.7 : : : : : 63.6 66.51992 : : 68.4 : : : : 59.1 : 33.3 : 54.1 : : : : : 68.2 68.81993 : : 80.5 : : : : 66.9 : 41.6 : 61.1 : : : : : 74.0 70.41994 : : 77.1 : : : : 69.2 : 40.2 : 62.8 : : : : : 85.0 69.61995 : 13.7 73.1 : 84.1 47.6 6.6 69.5 : 44.7 : 67.5 : : : : : 95.9 69.01996 : 11.6 69.9 : 71.3 42.4 10.6 70.2 : 44.3 : 69.4 : : : : : 101.0 68.31997 97.1 12.3 65.8 : 61.9 42.3 15.1 67.8 : 43.4 : 67.6 72.2 : : : : 106.7 65.91998 67.9 14.0 61.8 : 59.8 38.4 16.8 66.7 : 41.2 : 66.0 71.2 : : : : 117.9 62.71999 75.9 15.3 58.2 : 59.7 39.0 21.7 61.4 : 39.8 : 65.3 68.2 : 30.5 : : 131.1 59.12000 71.2 17.0 52.4 35.5 55.3 36.5 22.5 50.7 65.5 37.0 60.1 61.3 63.8 : 45.6 224.8 51.6 137.9 53.2

2001 65.0 22.8 48.5 36.5 51.9 37.3 25.9 52.2 64.7 34.3 59.3 60.5 60.6 : 45.2 106.3 76.1 146.8 53.22002 51.4 25.9 49.1 36.6 55.3 41.8 24.8 50.2 64.5 34.4 58.8 60.1 64.1 75.0 40.5 76.1 72.1 156.8 55.62003 43.7 28.3 46.2 38.1 57.9 46.6 22.1 49.7 65.6 35.6 60.4 61.6 60.2 39.9 36.5 71.8 65.7 162.7 58.72004 36.0 28.5 44.2 40.3 58.7 45.0 18.9 48.9 65.9 38.6 60.9 62.1 57.5 44.9 34.6 62.2 57.7 171.7 66.22005 26.8 27.9 37.4 41.2 60.5 46.4 15.9 49.1 66.1 39.8 61.5 63.0 58.1 38.2 36.7 46.2 50.8 176.8 65.62006 21.0 27.7 31.5 38.7 64.5 46.9 12.4 43.9 64.1 40.7 60.1 61.7 53.8 32.3 30.6 36.1 44.7 176.4 64.32007 16.3 27.5 27.3 37.3 65.5 44.2 12.0 39.2 61.4 41.7 57.5 59.2 50.6 27.4 23.5 28.1 38.2 175.4 64.82008 13.0 28.3 33.3 39.0 71.6 46.3 12.4 37.7 64.2 49.7 60.7 63.2 51.8 28.8 20.5 24.6 38.1 183.4 73.82009 13.7 33.6 40.2 48.3 77.8 49.4 21.9 41.3 74.8 63.7 73.3 75.8 55.9 38.1 23.6 30.3 43.9 201.0 86.92010 15.3 37.4 42.6 57.3 80.2 53.1 29.8 38.6 79.8 75.2 79.1 81.9 54.1 40.7 24.1 48.9 40.1 207.9 95.5

2011 15.2 39.8 46.1 63.9 80.5 54.1 34.2 37.8 81.8 80.8 82.1 85.3 55.6 45.4 27.7 43.5 36.5 222.1 99.92012 16.7 44.5 44.9 69.5 78.4 53.7 37.0 38.1 85.8 84.1 85.4 88.4 58.2 53.4 33.7 54.3 32.7 229.0 103.32013 17.1 44.9 44.0 80.4 77.2 55.7 37.6 40.7 87.7 85.2 87.6 90.6 61.7 57.5 34.0 56.7 31.4 232.5 104.92014 27.1 42.2 44.3 84.0 76.7 50.4 39.2 45.5 88.0 87.0 88.3 91.6 66.1 59.9 38.1 65.4 28.8 236.1 104.62015 26.2 40.0 39.8 83.7 76.7 51.3 37.8 44.2 86.0 87.9 86.2 89.3 68.7 66.2 38.1 70.7 27.6 231.6 104.82016 29.6 36.8 37.2 80.5 76.0 54.2 37.3 42.4 85.1 87.9 85.0 88.0 68.7 64.4 39.9 68.6 28.3 236.7 106.82017 25.6 34.7 35.5 77.8 73.4 50.6 35.2 40.8 82.8 87.1 83.3 86.5 66.9 64.2 39.5 60.1 28.3 234.8 105.22018 22.6 32.7 34.1 74.6 70.8 48.9 35.0 38.8 80.8 86.8 81.5 85.0 68.1 70.6 40.5 54.5 31.1 236.1 107.42019 20.5 31.7 33.0 70.9 69.2 48.2 36.0 34.4 79.3 85.1 80.2 83.7 66.0 68.4 43.2 50.9 30.9 236.1 107.82020 18.4 31.1 32.5 67.6 67.7 47.4 38.4 32.4 77.8 84.2 78.8 82.3 64.0 64.5 44.0 48.0 29.3 236.3 109.0

1) EU excluding UK 2) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.2 in 2010, 69.3 in 2011, 193.9 in 2012, 232.0 in 2013, 241.5 in 2014, 232.0 in 2015, 232.0 in 2016, 230.9 in 2017, 231.2 in 2018 3) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.2 in 2010, 69.8 in 2011, 196.4 in 2012, 235.9 in 2013, 245.7 in 2014, 236.4 in 2015, 235.7 in 2016, 234.6 in 2017, 234.8 in 2018 4) Former EU-15 5) Non consolidated for intergovernmental loans (bn EUR): 0.9 in 2009, 21.0 in 2010, 69.1 in 2011, 193.0 in 2012, 231.7 in 2013, 241.4 in 2014, 232.3 in 2015, 231.7 in 2016, 230.5 in 2017, 230.7 in 2018

166

Main economic indicators 1961-2020

79. Belgium(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1. Growth of GDP and its components (real)

1.1 Private consumption 4.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 0.9 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.7 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.31.2 Government consumption 5.5 2.5 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.6 -0.2 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.21.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.1 -0.5 4.1 3.6 2.3 0.5 0.9 5.8 2.7 3.8 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.71.4 of which equipment : 0.2 4.1 6.8 1.5 -1.7 -1.0 7.1 4.4 11.4 0.6 1.9 1.6 1.91.5 of which construction : 0.3 4.2 0.6 1.7 1.4 1.8 2.7 -1.8 3.4 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.51.6 Exports of goods and services 9.3 2.8 4.9 7.2 3.3 2.5 2.6 5.2 3.5 7.6 5.0 3.5 3.0 3.11.7 Imports of goods and services 8.9 2.0 5.4 7.0 2.8 2.7 2.5 6.2 3.4 8.5 4.3 2.7 2.9 3.31.8 GDP 4.9 1.9 2.3 2.9 1.8 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.2

2. Demand components: Contribution to changes in GDP (%)

2.1 Consumption 3.5 1.9 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.02.2 Investment 1.1 -0.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 4.8 1.6 2.5 2.5 1.3 1.5 0.6 2.0 1.6 2.0 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.42.5 Exports 4.1 1.6 3.2 4.5 2.3 1.8 2.0 4.2 2.9 6.2 4.1 3.0 2.6 2.82.6 Final demand 8.9 3.2 5.7 7.0 3.7 3.3 2.7 6.2 4.5 8.2 5.2 3.7 3.8 4.22.7 Imports -3.9 -1.2 -3.4 -4.1 -1.8 -1.9 -1.9 -5.0 -2.8 -6.7 -3.5 -2.3 -2.5 -3.02.8 Net exports 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.8 0.1 -0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1 -0.2

3. Gross savings and investment in % of GDP at current prices

3.1 Private sector savings : : : 25.4 24.6 25.7 24.2 23.1 22.6 23.7 24.0 23.7 24.4 24.53.2 Net savings of households : : 9.1 6.9 5.9 5.4 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.1 2.1 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.5 2.2 0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.4 1.8 1.1 0.93.4 National savings 25.0 21.0 23.2 26.9 26.8 26.4 24.1 23.1 22.9 23.7 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.43.5 Gross capital formation 28.2 24.1 21.9 22.6 22.0 23.7 23.1 23.4 23.6 24.1 24.6 25.3 25.4 25.43.6 Current account 1.5 -1.2 2.8 4.3 4.7 2.7 1.0 -0.3 -0.8 -0.4 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.0

4. Determinants of investment

4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 75.6 78.3 81.8 80.2 80.0 78.1 79.1 79.6 80.0 81.8 81.0 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.9 -0.4 -1.2 -0.7 -0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.24.3 Potential GDP gap : -1.0 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 -0.5 -0.9 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.14.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 70.9 88.7 85.7 87.5 84.3 73.2 72.4 78.3 83.5 83.2 80.1 77.7 77.1

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.5 2.6 2.5 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.0 2.9 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.05.4 Labour productivity growth 4.4 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.55.5 Total factor productivity growth 3.2 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1

6. Employment and unemployment

6.1 Employment 0.5 -0.3 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.76.2 Activity rate : : 62.5 65.8 67.6 68.7 68.7 69.4 69.8 70.0 70.3 70.3 70.5 70.76.3 Employment rate : : 57.4 60.2 62.5 63.5 63.5 63.6 64.0 64.6 65.5 66.2 66.7 67.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 7.6 8.4 8.7 7.8 7.8 7.7 8.5 8.5 7.8 7.1 6.0 5.6 5.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.2 9.6 4.2 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.9 0.9 0.0 0.5 1.9 2.0 2.5 2.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.4 2.3 2.1 0.9 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.4 -0.6 -1.2 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.47.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.5 7.2 2.5 0.7 1.5 2.2 2.7 0.1 -0.8 0.3 1.6 1.8 2.2 1.57.4 Real unit labour costs 0.5 0.4 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 0.4 1.0 -0.6 -1.8 -1.5 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.07.5 GDP deflator 4.0 6.7 2.8 1.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 0.7 1.0 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 3.6 7.1 2.1 1.4 2.0 2.1 1.9 0.5 0.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.67.7 Terms of trade 0.2 -1.0 1.0 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 0.2 0.9 0.6 -0.9 -1.5 -0.2 0.0

8. General government budget, % of GDP

8.1 Total expenditure : : : 50.7 50.0 50.9 55.4 55.3 53.7 53.1 52.1 52.4 52.3 52.58.2 Total revenue : : : 49.2 49.1 48.9 51.6 52.2 51.4 50.7 51.3 51.7 51.0 51.08.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -1.5 -0.9 -2.0 -3.9 -3.1 -2.4 -2.4 -0.8 -0.7 -1.3 -1.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -1.7 -0.9 -2.5 -3.5 -2.6 -2.2 -2.3 -1.0 -0.8 -1.4 -1.68.5 Debt (end of period) 57.9 115.4 130.5 108.8 94.7 99.7 105.5 107.5 106.4 106.1 103.4 102.0 101.3 100.7

9. Monetary conditions

9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.5 10.6 8.4 5.5 4.4 4.0 3.2 1.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 5.3 10.8 7.8 3.5 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.3 -0.1 0.6 2.0 1.5 1.2 2.5 1.5 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.5 3.8 5.5 4.3 2.4 2.2 1.5 1.0 -0.2 -1.3 -0.9 -0.4 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.3 1.8 0.4 0.1 1.2 -2.9 2.1 1.2 2.3 -0.8 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 96.6 96.9 100.6 99.5 100.0 96.6 99.5 101.0 103.4 102.3 101.9 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)

(a) Manufacturing industry (b) Private consumption deflator (c) GDP deflator

167


80. Germany(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 5.0 2.0 2.9 1.6 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.0 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.61.2 Government consumption 4.7 2.6 1.8 1.6 0.4 2.0 1.1 1.6 2.9 4.0 1.6 1.0 2.0 1.71.3 Gross fixed capital formation 3.9 0.1 3.4 2.2 -1.8 1.5 1.7 3.9 1.6 3.5 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.41.4 of which equipment 5.0 1.6 2.4 7.2 -0.2 1.6 0.3 5.9 4.1 2.2 3.7 4.2 2.1 2.81.5 of which construction 3.5 -1.2 3.7 -1.4 -4.1 0.7 2.4 2.2 -1.4 3.8 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.41.6 Exports of goods and services 7.4 4.9 4.4 8.9 5.9 4.2 4.2 4.7 5.3 2.3 4.6 2.0 1.1 2.61.7 Imports of goods and services 9.0 3.6 5.4 8.4 3.5 4.3 3.3 3.7 5.6 4.1 4.8 3.3 2.9 3.31.8 GDP 4.3 2.0 2.7 1.9 0.6 1.2 1.5 2.2 1.7 2.2 2.2 1.4 0.5 1.5


2.1 Consumption 3.4 1.6 : 1.9 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.9 1.2 0.7 1.0 1.22.2 Investment 1.1 0.0 : 0.4 -0.4 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.52.3 Stockbuilding -0.1 -0.1 : -0.2 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.0 0.5 -0.3 0.02.4 Domestic demand 4.4 1.5 : 2.1 -0.4 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.5 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.72.5 Exports 1.2 1.1 : 1.0 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.4 1.1 2.1 0.9 0.5 1.22.6 Final demand 5.6 2.7 : 3.1 1.6 2.8 2.8 3.6 3.9 3.8 4.0 2.7 1.7 2.92.7 Imports -1.2 -0.7 : -1.0 -1.0 -1.5 -1.3 -1.4 -2.2 -1.6 -1.8 -1.3 -1.2 -1.32.8 Net exports 0.0 0.4 : 0.0 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.2 -0.5 0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 21.4 22.8 24.3 24.1 24.0 24.7 24.7 24.1 24.0 24.2 24.43.2 Net savings of households : : : 6.2 6.3 6.3 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.1 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 0.9 -0.4 1.5 2.6 3.3 3.4 3.7 4.2 4.8 4.1 4.03.4 National savings 27.3 22.6 : 22.2 22.4 25.8 26.6 27.3 28.1 28.3 28.3 28.8 28.3 28.43.5 Gross capital formation 27.2 21.8 : 23.3 20.0 19.8 20.0 19.6 19.2 19.7 20.1 21.2 21.5 21.93.6 Current account 0.8 0.8 : -1.0 2.4 6.0 6.7 7.6 8.9 8.7 8.2 7.6 6.8 6.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (b) (c) : 80.4 84.2 84.5 83.6 82.8 84.1 84.2 84.2 84.6 86.6 87.6 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap (b) : -0.2 : -0.1 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0.5 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.44.3 Potential GDP gap (b) : 0.2 : -0.1 -0.7 -0.5 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.9 0.7 -0.2 -0.14.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) (a) 100.0 80.9 92.8 100.0 107.7 118.7 113.7 115.0 117.6 120.2 120.1 115.6 109.3 108.8

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) (a) 4.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) (b) 3.0 3.1 : 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.85.3 Growth of capital intensity (a) 4.0 2.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.4 0.85.4 Labour productivity growth (a) 4.0 1.8 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.1 -0.2 1.05.5 Total factor productivity growth (a) 2.4 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.2 -0.4 0.7


6.1 Employment (a) 0.2 -0.2 : -0.2 0.1 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.9 2.6 1.0 1.4 0.8 0.56.2 Activity rate (b) 68.6 66.3 : 70.4 71.8 76.1 77.8 78.7 78.5 79.7 80.3 81.0 81.4 81.56.3 Employment rate (b) 68.1 63.5 : 64.2 65.0 70.1 73.5 74.7 74.9 76.5 77.2 78.3 78.9 79.3 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate (b) 69.1 65.8 : 69.1 71.1 74.7 78.9 80.0 80.2 80.9 82.1 83.1 83.7 84.1 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate (b) 0.7 4.2 5.8 8.9 9.5 8.1 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.1 2.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.1 5.5 4.2 1.0 1.0 1.3 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.2 2.97.2 Real wages per head (d) 5.5 1.1 2.0 0.2 -0.4 0.2 0.9 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.47.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.9 3.6 2.6 0.1 0.2 1.0 1.9 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.8 2.8 3.4 1.87.4 Real unit labour costs 0.6 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.9 -0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 1.0 1.3 -0.27.5 GDP deflator 4.3 4.0 2.9 0.3 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.17.6 Private consumption deflator 3.4 4.4 2.2 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.57.7 Terms of trade 1.4 -1.4 2.0 -0.7 0.3 -0.2 -0.6 1.4 2.7 1.7 -1.0 -0.7 0.3 0.3


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 47.4 46.9 45.2 44.6 44.0 43.7 43.9 43.9 43.9 44.6 44.78.2 Total revenue : : : 45.5 43.2 43.4 44.2 44.5 44.5 44.8 45.0 45.6 45.6 45.58.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.0 -3.7 -1.8 -0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.7 1.0 0.88.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -1.9 -3.3 -1.6 -0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.1 0.88.5 Debt (end of period) 17.7 39.5 : 58.9 67.0 81.8 78.2 75.3 71.6 68.5 64.5 60.9 58.4 55.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate (b) 7.2 8.2 7.1 5.2 4.2 3.6 1.9 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.4 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate (b) 5.8 6.8 6.4 3.5 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) (b) 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.7 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (b) (e) 2.7 4.0 : 3.9 3.1 2.5 0.4 -0.6 -1.5 -1.3 -1.2 -1.4 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate (a) : : : -0.7 2.3 0.4 0.0 1.7 -3.9 2.4 1.4 3.0 -1.1 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate (a) : : : 105.5 102.2 103.3 97.8 98.9 94.6 96.2 97.2 99.8 98.0 97.2 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)

(a) 1961-91: West-Germany (b) 1961-90: West-Germany (c) Manufacturing industry (d) Private consumption deflator (e) GDP deflator

168


81. Estonia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 9.0 -4.9 -15.3 -1.6 3.7 4.3 3.5 3.2 4.4 4.4 2.6 4.7 4.0 2.91.2 Government consumption 6.6 4.6 -3.2 -0.4 1.3 3.2 2.7 1.9 3.0 2.2 0.6 0.3 1.1 0.71.3 Gross fixed capital formation 10.3 -13.1 -36.7 -2.7 34.4 12.7 1.5 -2.6 -7.6 2.9 12.5 3.3 4.8 4.01.4 of which equipment 13.5 -19.8 -44.6 9.7 39.6 18.5 0.9 1.7 -16.1 5.4 27.7 -4.6 6.5 5.81.5 of which construction 7.7 -11.3 -35.5 -9.6 34.1 8.9 1.2 -6.1 -1.1 -0.2 4.2 6.4 3.5 2.41.6 Exports of goods and services 12.6 0.9 -20.3 24.0 24.2 4.8 2.8 2.8 -1.4 5.2 3.5 4.3 3.4 3.41.7 Imports of goods and services 13.0 -6.2 -30.6 21.2 27.2 9.7 2.0 3.3 -1.7 5.5 3.6 6.1 3.9 3.81.8 GDP 7.7 -5.4 -14.7 2.3 7.6 4.3 1.9 2.9 1.9 3.5 4.9 3.9 2.8 2.4


2.1 Consumption 5.9 -1.9 -8.8 -0.9 2.2 2.8 2.3 2.0 2.8 2.7 1.5 2.4 2.2 1.62.2 Investment 3.8 -4.8 -11.4 -0.6 7.3 3.3 0.4 -0.7 -1.9 0.7 2.9 0.8 1.2 1.02.3 Stockbuilding 0.4 -3.2 -1.4 2.0 -1.3 1.8 -1.4 1.9 0.2 1.1 -0.3 2.1 -0.3 0.02.4 Domestic demand 10.1 -9.9 -21.7 0.4 8.2 8.0 1.3 3.2 1.1 4.4 4.0 5.3 3.1 2.62.5 Exports 8.0 0.6 -13.6 14.6 18.1 4.2 2.4 2.4 -1.2 4.0 2.7 3.3 2.6 2.62.6 Final demand 18.2 -9.3 -35.2 15.1 26.3 12.1 3.6 5.6 -0.1 8.4 6.8 8.6 5.6 5.12.7 Imports -9.6 4.4 21.6 -11.8 -18.7 -7.8 -1.7 -2.7 1.3 -4.0 -2.7 -4.4 -2.8 -2.72.8 Net exports -1.6 5.0 8.1 2.8 -0.6 -3.7 0.7 -0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 -1.1 -0.3 -0.2


3.1 Private sector savings 15.6 18.2 19.9 19.9 22.5 22.1 22.9 22.1 21.7 21.8 24.0 24.0 23.6 24.13.2 Net savings of households -3.4 1.0 4.1 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.4 3.5 3.7 3.6 4.3 : : 3.3 General government savings 8.5 4.2 3.2 3.2 4.1 5.0 4.5 5.5 4.9 4.2 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.33.4 National savings 24.1 22.4 23.1 23.0 26.6 27.1 27.4 27.6 26.6 26.1 28.6 28.5 28.2 28.43.5 Gross capital formation 39.3 30.7 20.7 21.3 25.1 29.1 26.9 26.8 24.9 25.1 26.1 27.0 26.9 27.13.6 Current account -15.4 -8.8 2.5 1.7 1.5 -1.9 0.5 0.8 1.8 1.8 3.2 1.5 1.4 1.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 77.0 70.6 58.5 67.3 72.5 70.7 71.6 73.3 71.4 73.7 74.8 74.3 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 16.9 7.9 -9.8 -9.5 -4.4 -2.3 -2.5 -1.9 -2.4 -1.5 0.7 2.0 2.3 2.34.3 Potential GDP gap 13.9 5.2 -9.5 -7.0 -1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.3 1.1 2.7 3.3 2.8 2.24.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 10.9 7.2 2.0 1.7 4.3 5.0 4.4 3.7 2.8 2.8 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.2 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 10.7 7.5 13.6 7.0 -2.2 3.3 3.2 3.0 -0.1 2.5 0.7 2.1 2.9 3.75.4 Labour productivity growth 7.5 -5.2 -5.0 7.6 1.0 2.6 0.7 2.1 -0.9 3.2 2.1 2.6 2.2 2.55.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.4 -8.5 -10.7 4.1 2.1 1.0 -0.8 0.7 -0.9 2.0 1.8 1.5 0.8 0.7


6.1 Employment 0.2 -0.2 -10.2 -4.9 6.5 1.6 1.2 0.8 2.9 0.3 2.7 1.2 0.6 -0.16.2 Activity rate 76.0 76.9 76.5 76.3 77.6 78.0 78.5 78.6 80.0 81.6 82.8 83.6 84.4 84.76.3 Employment rate 72.5 72.7 66.1 63.6 68.1 70.3 71.7 72.8 75.1 76.1 78.1 78.9 79.7 80.0 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.6 5.5 13.5 16.7 12.3 10.0 8.6 7.4 6.2 6.8 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 25.6 10.6 -2.9 2.7 0.8 7.8 4.8 6.5 3.3 6.3 6.9 8.8 6.1 5.67.2 Real wages per head (b) 16.6 2.1 -2.7 -0.8 -4.6 3.7 1.8 5.5 3.4 5.3 3.1 5.4 3.5 3.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs 16.8 16.7 2.2 -4.6 -0.2 5.0 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.0 4.7 6.1 3.9 3.07.4 Real unit labour costs 4.7 8.5 1.8 -6.2 -5.2 1.8 0.5 1.3 3.2 1.5 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.37.5 GDP deflator 11.5 7.5 0.4 1.7 5.3 3.2 3.6 3.0 1.0 1.5 3.9 4.6 3.3 2.77.6 Private consumption deflator 7.7 8.3 -0.2 3.5 5.7 4.0 3.0 1.0 -0.1 0.9 3.7 3.3 2.6 2.37.7 Terms of trade 2.0 0.2 0.4 -1.9 0.4 -0.5 0.8 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1


8.1 Total expenditure 34.1 39.7 46.1 40.5 37.4 39.3 38.5 37.8 39.6 39.5 39.3 39.5 39.9 39.98.2 Total revenue 36.8 37.1 43.9 40.7 38.6 39.0 38.3 38.5 39.7 39.1 38.9 39.0 39.5 39.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 2.7 -2.7 -2.2 0.2 1.2 -0.3 -0.2 0.7 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.3 -0.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -4.0 -5.2 2.4 3.6 1.7 -0.9 -0.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.9 -1.7 -2.2 -1.7 -1.58.5 Debt (end of period) 3.7 4.5 7.0 6.6 6.1 9.7 10.2 10.5 9.9 9.2 9.2 8.4 8.5 8.5


9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.1 8.2 7.8 5.9 : : : : : : : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.9 6.7 5.9 1.6 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.2 1.5 1.9 4.3 : : : : : : : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -4.9 0.6 7.3 4.1 : : : : : : : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 1.4 2.0 4.7 -4.1 -0.3 -2.2 2.1 4.3 2.7 2.3 -0.2 3.4 -0.2 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 95.6 101.8 103.9 100.0 101.0 100.1 103.0 105.7 105.9 107.6 109.0 114.1 113.9 113.8 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


169


82. Ireland(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 3.8 2.2 3.2 8.3 4.4 1.7 -1.0 2.2 3.6 4.1 1.6 3.0 2.4 2.31.2 Government consumption 5.2 3.7 1.0 6.3 5.1 1.1 -1.7 3.9 1.9 3.5 3.7 5.8 5.9 1.81.3 Gross fixed capital formation 9.9 0.7 3.5 12.9 9.1 -7.7 3.8 18.4 51.1 51.4 -31.0 9.7 4.2 5.21.4 of which equipment : 1.6 4.4 13.7 7.9 -1.7 10.0 21.6 -2.9 24.2 -11.2 37.7 -3.0 3.71.5 of which construction : 0.6 3.5 12.7 7.8 -14.7 -1.9 10.0 7.3 18.2 16.0 15.8 10.3 7.91.6 Exports of goods and services 8.7 8.0 10.8 17.9 6.0 4.3 1.7 14.6 39.3 4.4 7.8 8.9 4.5 4.11.7 Imports of goods and services 9.7 4.4 8.5 18.2 6.0 2.8 0.9 14.6 33.2 18.5 -9.4 7.0 4.6 4.31.8 GDP 4.4 3.8 4.6 9.4 5.3 0.5 1.7 8.8 25.1 5.0 7.2 6.7 3.8 3.4


2.1 Consumption 3.7 2.3 2.1 5.1 2.8 0.9 -0.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.4 0.92.2 Investment 1.9 0.2 0.6 2.7 2.3 -1.7 0.7 3.4 10.6 12.4 -11.1 2.3 1.0 1.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.2 1.7 -0.5 1.7 -1.1 -0.7 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.7 2.5 2.8 8.0 5.1 -0.9 0.1 6.7 11.9 15.9 -11.2 3.3 2.5 2.22.5 Exports 2.5 3.0 6.5 14.3 5.5 3.7 1.8 15.1 43.1 5.4 9.3 10.6 5.4 4.92.6 Final demand 8.3 5.5 9.3 22.3 10.6 2.7 1.9 21.8 55.0 21.3 -1.8 13.9 7.9 7.22.7 Imports -3.8 -1.9 -4.6 -12.4 -4.5 -2.0 -0.8 -12.4 -30.4 -17.2 9.8 -6.3 -4.1 -3.82.8 Net exports -1.3 1.1 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.6 1.0 2.7 12.7 -11.9 19.1 4.3 1.3 1.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 19.6 20.1 20.3 22.4 25.4 29.3 33.3 32.3 32.8 32.2 31.83.2 Net savings of households : : : 0.5 0.3 2.2 2.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 2.3 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 4.7 4.2 -1.0 -5.2 -1.2 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.5 2.83.4 National savings 19.9 18.2 16.6 24.3 24.3 19.3 17.3 24.2 30.2 34.7 34.1 35.1 34.7 34.63.5 Gross capital formation 22.0 26.0 17.8 23.2 26.3 24.6 18.8 22.3 25.0 38.1 24.7 25.4 25.8 26.43.6 Current account -2.5 -7.9 0.3 1.4 -0.5 -4.8 -1.2 1.1 4.4 -4.2 8.5 9.1 8.5 7.9


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 1.0 -2.2 1.1 3.9 1.1 -9.8 -10.1 6.2 5.0 6.1 6.8 4.9 2.94.3 Potential GDP gap : -1.3 -1.3 2.8 1.2 -1.7 -1.6 1.8 3.4 2.4 1.2 2.8 2.2 1.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 80.3 108.2 157.8 171.6 134.0 140.1 153.6 209.3 190.5 202.2 214.9 221.1 225.0

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 5.0 4.8 2.2 4.6 5.8 4.1 1.5 2.3 1.3 6.0 -0.5 0.7 1.1 1.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 3.1 3.4 3.3 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.9 4.7 0.8 -0.4 2.7 5.1 1.3 -0.4 -2.1 2.2 -3.3 -2.7 -0.9 -0.15.4 Labour productivity growth 4.3 3.7 3.2 4.2 2.3 1.4 1.6 6.0 20.9 1.2 4.2 3.0 1.7 1.55.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.0 1.6 2.8 4.4 1.0 -0.8 1.0 6.2 22.1 0.2 5.8 4.3 2.1 1.6


6.1 Employment 0.1 0.1 1.4 5.0 3.0 -0.9 0.2 2.7 3.5 3.8 2.9 3.5 2.0 1.86.2 Activity rate : : : 67.3 70.8 73.4 71.7 72.3 72.6 73.2 73.4 73.8 74.5 75.36.3 Employment rate : : : 62.2 67.4 66.9 60.8 63.5 65.3 67.0 68.4 69.5 70.5 71.5 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.6 10.6 15.0 7.9 4.6 8.8 14.9 11.9 10.0 8.4 6.7 5.8 5.4 5.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.3 16.7 5.1 6.4 6.0 2.1 0.2 0.6 2.6 2.1 0.9 2.9 3.2 3.67.2 Real wages per head (b) 4.7 2.6 2.1 2.8 2.6 2.5 -1.2 -0.6 2.2 1.3 -0.4 1.1 1.2 1.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs 6.8 12.5 1.9 2.1 3.7 0.7 -1.3 -5.1 -15.2 0.9 -3.2 -0.2 1.4 2.07.4 Real unit labour costs -0.4 -0.2 -1.1 -2.5 -0.3 1.5 -1.9 -4.8 -21.0 1.7 -3.6 -1.7 -0.3 0.17.5 GDP deflator 7.2 12.8 3.0 4.7 4.0 -0.8 0.6 -0.2 7.4 -0.8 0.4 1.5 1.7 1.97.6 Private consumption deflator 6.3 13.8 2.9 3.5 3.3 -0.3 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.97.7 Terms of trade 0.8 -1.7 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 -0.9 0.0 -2.0 4.6 -0.4 -1.9 -0.9 -0.1 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 34.8 33.1 44.8 43.0 37.5 29.0 27.6 26.3 25.7 25.6 25.08.2 Total revenue : : : 37.1 33.8 34.8 34.0 33.8 27.0 26.9 26.0 25.8 25.6 25.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : 2.3 0.7 -10.0 -9.0 -3.6 -1.9 -0.7 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.38.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : 0.8 0.1 -9.1 -8.2 -4.6 -3.7 -1.9 -0.9 -1.4 -1.2 -0.58.5 Debt (end of period) 40.1 97.4 78.5 36.1 26.1 86.0 119.7 104.1 76.8 73.5 68.5 64.8 61.3 55.9


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 14.6 9.2 5.7 4.3 4.7 6.5 2.4 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.0 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 13.4 9.7 4.9 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : 1.1 -0.5 0.9 1.5 1.9 5.8 2.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 1.6 6.0 1.0 0.4 5.6 5.9 2.6 -5.8 1.6 0.4 -0.6 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.1 2.7 0.8 -0.1 0.3 -6.5 2.1 2.0 2.7 -1.8 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 88.3 96.6 105.2 96.4 95.3 88.6 89.5 89.8 90.9 88.4 87.7 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


170


83. Greece(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 6.8 3.3 2.5 3.5 4.0 0.4 -6.8 0.6 -0.2 0.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.21.2 Government consumption 6.2 5.0 0.2 2.3 3.7 1.5 -6.5 -1.4 1.6 -0.7 -0.4 -2.5 3.1 0.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 9.7 -3.2 0.2 8.9 1.9 -2.3 -17.7 -4.7 0.7 4.7 9.1 -12.2 10.1 10.81.4 of which equipment 12.8 0.7 5.0 18.4 2.3 2.0 -23.2 29.3 7.3 -11.4 22.2 -10.2 4.2 8.91.5 of which construction 8.9 -3.3 -1.1 5.3 1.2 -5.6 -15.3 -25.4 -9.9 29.2 0.4 -18.5 20.2 12.51.6 Exports of goods and services 11.5 5.5 3.9 15.3 2.4 0.6 0.9 7.7 3.1 -1.8 6.8 8.7 4.7 4.21.7 Imports of goods and services 12.8 3.0 5.9 14.2 2.0 0.4 -7.0 7.7 0.4 0.3 7.1 4.2 5.7 4.11.8 GDP 8.5 1.7 1.2 3.6 3.9 -0.3 -6.6 0.7 -0.4 -0.2 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.2


2.1 Consumption 4.8 2.2 1.8 2.8 3.3 0.5 -6.1 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.3 1.5 0.92.2 Investment 3.1 -0.9 0.0 1.9 0.5 -0.3 -2.7 -0.6 0.1 0.5 1.1 -1.6 1.1 1.32.3 Stockbuilding 1.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 1.3 -1.6 0.1 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 9.4 1.6 1.8 4.6 4.0 -0.2 -9.0 0.9 -1.3 0.5 1.7 0.5 2.7 2.22.5 Exports 0.8 0.6 0.6 2.6 0.5 0.1 0.2 2.4 1.0 -0.6 2.0 2.9 1.6 1.52.6 Final demand 10.2 2.2 2.4 7.2 4.5 0.0 -8.8 3.3 -0.3 -0.1 3.7 3.3 4.3 3.72.7 Imports -1.6 -0.4 -1.2 -3.6 -0.6 -0.2 2.2 -2.5 -0.1 -0.1 -2.2 -1.4 -2.0 -1.52.8 Net exports -0.8 0.2 -0.6 -1.0 -0.1 -0.1 2.5 -0.2 0.9 -0.7 -0.1 1.5 -0.4 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 19.9 16.8 15.1 12.0 11.1 10.2 7.8 8.6 8.2 10.5 12.23.2 Net savings of households : : : 1.8 -0.6 -1.7 -7.5 -8.5 -9.3 -10.1 -9.9 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : -1.9 -1.2 -6.0 -4.4 -1.3 -0.3 2.5 2.9 3.5 2.5 2.13.4 National savings 26.2 27.8 20.9 18.0 15.6 9.1 7.6 9.8 9.9 10.3 11.4 11.7 13.0 14.33.5 Gross capital formation 33.4 32.2 25.8 24.2 25.0 22.6 13.2 11.9 10.2 11.5 12.5 13.1 14.0 15.13.6 Current account -1.8 0.3 -1.2 -6.2 -9.4 -13.5 -5.6 -2.1 -0.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.4 -1.0 -0.8


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 76.4 75.9 75.8 73.5 65.8 67.6 65.9 67.8 70.0 70.8 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 0.0 -0.8 -2.2 1.1 8.3 -6.2 -6.0 -5.1 -4.5 -3.0 -1.5 -0.2 0.74.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.3 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 -14.3 -13.4 -12.1 -11.0 -8.9 -6.4 -4.0 -1.94.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 68.6 57.6 70.2 72.5 72.4 54.6 58.4 61.3 63.0 66.1 68.8 70.6 72.9

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 7.8 4.1 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.1 -1.2 -1.4 -1.3 -1.1 -0.8 -1.2 -0.9 -0.55.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 8.3 3.0 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.8 4.3 -2.3 -2.0 -1.6 -2.3 -2.8 -2.3 -1.85.4 Labour productivity growth 9.0 0.7 0.6 2.9 2.3 -0.6 -1.4 -0.2 -1.2 -0.7 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.95.5 Total factor productivity growth 5.1 -0.6 0.0 2.2 1.9 -1.4 -3.3 0.9 -0.2 0.1 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.7


6.1 Employment -0.5 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.7 -0.2 -7.2 0.7 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.36.2 Activity rate 60.0 57.3 58.2 61.1 66.0 67.9 67.7 68.2 69.0 69.5 69.5 69.4 70.0 70.36.3 Employment rate 57.4 55.1 53.8 54.6 59.3 61.5 51.9 50.2 51.8 53.1 54.6 56.0 57.3 58.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.4 3.8 7.5 10.7 10.3 9.5 23.3 26.5 24.9 23.6 21.5 19.3 18.2 16.8 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.1 21.5 14.4 8.1 7.3 2.5 -4.8 -2.0 -2.4 -0.9 0.5 1.3 2.4 1.77.2 Real wages per head (b) 6.4 2.7 -1.1 3.3 4.5 -0.7 -5.0 0.5 -0.7 -0.2 0.0 1.0 1.6 0.97.3 Nominal unit labour costs 1.0 20.6 13.8 5.1 4.9 3.1 -3.4 -1.8 -1.3 -0.3 0.6 1.1 1.6 0.87.4 Real unit labour costs -3.2 1.3 -1.5 0.2 1.7 0.2 -2.8 0.0 -0.9 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 -0.47.5 GDP deflator 4.4 19.1 15.6 4.9 3.1 2.9 -0.6 -1.8 -0.3 -0.2 0.6 0.5 1.1 1.27.6 Private consumption deflator 3.6 18.2 15.7 4.6 2.8 3.2 0.3 -2.5 -1.7 -0.8 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.87.7 Terms of trade 0.0 -1.3 1.5 0.5 0.6 -0.2 -0.2 1.6 4.8 -0.4 -0.4 -1.9 0.1 0.7


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 45.3 46.3 49.9 57.4 50.2 53.5 48.9 47.3 46.7 46.7 45.68.2 Total revenue : : : 39.2 39.4 40.1 46.6 46.6 47.9 49.4 48.1 47.8 47.2 45.58.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) (d) : : : -6.1 -6.9 -9.8 -10.8 -3.6 -5.6 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.5 -0.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted (d) : : : -6.9 -7.8 -10.7 -3.3 3.5 0.7 6.3 5.4 4.4 2.6 0.98.5 Debt (end of period) (d) 15.9 48.9 99.0 104.9 107.4 146.2 177.4 178.9 175.9 178.5 176.2 181.1 174.9 168.9


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 13.6 : 9.0 4.5 5.5 16.1 6.9 9.7 8.4 6.0 4.2 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : 20.0 11.7 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : -2.6 1.7 2.7 15.4 6.7 9.7 8.6 6.3 4.5 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : -4.6 : 3.9 1.3 2.6 16.8 8.9 10.1 8.6 5.3 3.6 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 1.9 2.8 0.6 0.6 3.1 -1.5 2.5 1.9 4.2 -0.1 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 92.3 94.0 98.8 97.4 94.9 90.6 91.8 92.4 94.2 92.3 90.8 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


171


84. Spain(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 7.2 1.5 2.9 3.8 3.4 0.6 -3.0 1.5 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.3 1.9 1.61.2 Government consumption 4.5 4.8 4.7 3.1 4.9 4.5 -2.4 -0.3 2.0 1.0 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 10.5 -0.6 5.0 7.1 5.8 -3.2 -6.4 4.7 6.7 2.9 4.8 5.3 3.6 2.91.4 of which equipment : -0.2 4.4 10.7 3.3 -1.5 -0.2 5.9 11.9 5.2 6.0 5.4 3.0 3.11.5 of which construction : -1.0 5.4 5.5 6.6 -4.9 -10.9 4.2 3.6 1.1 4.6 6.2 4.1 2.91.6 Exports of goods and services 11.9 6.0 6.4 10.2 2.9 1.9 4.2 4.3 4.2 5.2 5.2 2.3 2.3 2.91.7 Imports of goods and services 17.3 2.5 11.7 11.5 6.0 -0.6 -2.6 6.6 5.4 2.9 5.6 3.5 2.7 3.01.8 GDP 7.2 1.8 3.0 4.1 3.4 1.1 -1.9 1.4 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.1 1.9


2.1 Consumption 5.4 1.6 2.5 2.8 2.8 1.2 -2.2 0.8 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.22.2 Investment 2.2 -0.1 1.1 1.7 1.6 -0.8 -1.4 0.9 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.62.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 7.8 1.4 3.6 4.5 4.4 0.5 -3.8 1.9 3.9 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.2 1.82.5 Exports 1.2 0.8 1.1 2.5 0.8 0.5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 0.8 0.8 1.02.6 Final demand 9.0 2.2 4.8 7.0 5.1 1.0 -2.6 3.3 5.3 4.1 4.6 3.7 3.0 2.82.7 Imports -1.8 -0.4 -1.8 -2.9 -1.7 0.1 0.7 -1.9 -1.6 -0.9 -1.7 -1.1 -0.9 -1.02.8 Net exports -0.6 0.5 -0.6 -0.4 -1.0 0.6 1.9 -0.5 -0.3 0.8 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 20.4 18.3 19.4 23.5 24.0 24.1 24.8 23.9 23.0 23.3 23.53.2 Net savings of households : : : 4.5 3.2 1.6 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.1 -0.5 -0.9 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.7 4.7 1.5 -4.1 -3.5 -2.6 -2.2 -0.9 -0.1 -0.1 0.13.4 National savings 25.4 22.5 21.9 22.1 23.0 20.9 19.4 20.4 21.5 22.6 23.0 22.9 23.2 23.53.5 Gross capital formation 27.6 24.5 23.8 24.1 28.0 28.1 20.2 19.5 20.4 20.4 21.1 21.9 22.3 22.63.6 Current account -0.7 -1.5 -1.9 -1.9 -5.0 -7.2 -0.8 1.0 1.1 2.2 1.9 0.9 0.9 0.9


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 78.1 79.8 79.4 76.6 72.7 75.7 77.7 78.6 78.7 79.4 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.1 0.5 -1.7 0.8 3.7 -3.3 -5.3 -2.9 -1.2 0.2 1.0 1.2 1.14.3 Potential GDP gap : -1.9 -0.4 0.0 2.7 -0.1 -7.6 -7.7 -4.7 -2.3 -0.5 0.9 1.6 2.04.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 84.2 107.8 113.6 113.2 95.8 88.2 92.2 96.0 99.7 103.0 104.3 104.0 104.4

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.9 3.7 3.6 3.7 4.6 3.7 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.55.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.45.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.1 5.1 2.0 0.0 1.5 4.1 4.5 -0.6 -2.5 -2.2 -1.8 -1.3 -0.6 -0.25.4 Labour productivity growth 6.5 3.2 1.4 0.4 0.3 1.5 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.25.5 Total factor productivity growth 4.8 1.2 0.6 0.4 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.6 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.2


6.1 Employment 0.7 -1.3 1.6 3.8 3.5 -0.1 -3.1 1.0 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.0 1.56.2 Activity rate : : : 64.9 70.6 75.2 76.6 76.7 76.9 76.7 76.5 76.3 76.1 75.86.3 Employment rate 63.7 55.0 51.7 55.4 63.4 65.6 58.6 58.4 60.3 62.0 63.5 64.8 66.0 66.8 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : 49.8 52.9 60.1 61.0 53.7 53.0 55.1 56.8 58.5 59.9 60.9 61.8 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 2.6 10.4 18.4 16.0 10.8 13.2 24.1 24.5 22.1 19.6 17.2 15.3 13.5 12.2 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 14.6 18.0 7.7 2.6 3.5 4.2 0.5 0.1 0.8 -0.5 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 7.6 2.4 1.6 -0.1 0.2 1.8 -1.4 -0.1 1.0 -0.5 -1.3 -0.8 0.8 0.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs 7.6 14.3 6.3 2.2 3.2 2.7 -1.3 -0.2 0.5 -0.6 0.2 0.8 1.9 1.67.4 Real unit labour costs 0.5 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6 -0.8 0.7 -1.4 0.0 0.0 -0.9 -1.0 -0.2 0.4 -0.17.5 GDP deflator 7.2 15.0 6.4 2.9 4.0 2.0 0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.77.6 Private consumption deflator 6.5 15.3 6.1 2.7 3.3 2.3 1.9 0.2 -0.2 0.0 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.57.7 Terms of trade 3.0 -2.2 4.0 0.1 1.3 0.2 -1.5 -0.7 0.8 0.5 -0.8 -1.8 0.2 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 40.9 38.5 42.0 46.5 44.8 43.7 42.2 41.0 41.3 41.2 41.08.2 Total revenue : : : 38.0 38.4 37.8 37.5 38.9 38.5 37.7 37.9 38.9 38.9 38.98.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.9 0.0 -4.1 -9.0 -6.0 -5.3 -4.5 -3.1 -2.5 -2.3 -2.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -2.9 -1.6 -4.0 -4.5 -1.4 -2.5 -3.1 -2.8 -3.0 -3.3 -3.28.5 Debt (end of period) 12.0 40.4 61.7 58.0 42.3 60.1 95.5 100.4 99.3 99.0 98.1 97.1 96.3 95.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate : : 11.9 6.0 4.3 4.1 5.3 2.7 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.4 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : 12.5 4.9 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : -0.6 1.1 1.5 1.3 4.6 2.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.7 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : : 5.2 3.1 0.3 2.1 5.1 2.9 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.4 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.6 1.9 0.4 0.2 1.2 -2.9 2.2 1.3 2.6 -0.7 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 89.4 94.0 101.0 99.2 99.1 94.7 95.4 96.7 98.7 96.9 96.2 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


172


85. France(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 5.4 2.5 2.1 2.7 2.1 1.5 0.2 0.8 1.5 2.1 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.71.2 Government consumption 5.6 3.8 2.4 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 7.4 0.3 2.5 4.4 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.0 2.8 4.5 2.9 2.1 1.71.4 of which equipment 8.9 1.3 3.7 7.8 0.3 0.2 0.0 2.1 4.1 7.4 3.3 2.2 2.0 1.81.5 of which construction 7.0 -0.8 1.4 2.8 2.4 -0.3 -0.3 -1.7 -1.3 0.5 4.4 1.5 0.5 0.51.6 Exports of goods and services 9.4 4.8 5.3 8.8 2.7 1.2 3.8 3.3 4.6 1.5 4.5 3.3 2.8 2.91.7 Imports of goods and services 10.9 3.4 5.3 8.8 3.5 2.2 2.8 4.9 5.9 3.0 4.0 1.3 2.5 3.01.8 GDP 5.7 2.3 2.3 2.9 1.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.5


2.1 Consumption 3.9 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.22.2 Investment 1.9 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.8 2.1 2.3 2.8 1.9 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.3 1.62.5 Exports 1.4 1.0 1.1 2.2 0.7 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.5 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.92.6 Final demand 7.2 3.0 3.5 5.0 2.6 1.4 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.1 3.4 2.0 2.1 2.52.7 Imports -1.5 -0.7 -1.1 -2.0 -0.9 -0.6 -0.8 -1.5 -1.8 -0.9 -1.2 -0.4 -0.8 -1.02.8 Net exports -0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.5 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 0.6 0.1 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : 19.6 20.9 21.6 22.0 21.4 20.8 21.6 21.2 21.1 21.2 22.2 21.43.2 Net savings of households : : 4.5 5.3 5.7 5.9 5.7 5.3 5.0 4.8 5.0 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : 1.8 2.1 1.4 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.8 1.7 1.0 2.03.4 National savings 27.5 22.9 21.5 22.9 22.9 22.5 21.6 21.5 22.3 21.9 22.8 22.9 23.3 23.43.5 Gross capital formation 27.3 24.4 22.2 20.7 21.8 23.0 22.7 22.7 22.7 22.7 23.5 23.5 23.8 24.03.6 Current account 0.2 -1.5 -0.7 2.2 1.1 -0.5 -1.1 -1.2 -0.4 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 82.8 85.9 84.0 84.6 82.2 82.1 81.9 82.6 83.2 84.7 85.9 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.1 0.1 -0.6 0.6 0.6 -0.4 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.34.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.5 -1.0 -0.9 1.4 0.5 -0.9 -1.4 -1.2 -1.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 79.2 106.2 124.3 124.2 110.6 95.2 92.5 96.6 95.4 95.3 94.1 97.5 97.3

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.9 3.1 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.15.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.4 2.9 1.9 0.5 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.95.4 Labour productivity growth 5.1 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.85.5 Total factor productivity growth 3.4 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.4


6.1 Employment 0.6 0.2 0.5 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.76.2 Activity rate 66.2 66.3 67.0 70.1 71.2 71.1 72.4 73.4 73.8 74.2 74.6 75.1 75.4 75.76.3 Employment rate 66.1 63.6 60.9 62.6 64.7 64.5 64.7 65.2 65.5 66.1 66.9 67.6 68.1 68.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate 64.1 61.3 58.5 58.9 61.2 61.3 61.1 61.5 61.8 62.4 63.1 63.7 64.2 64.7 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 5.3 9.0 10.0 8.4 8.5 9.8 10.3 10.4 10.1 9.4 9.1 8.8 8.5 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.1 12.6 3.5 2.1 2.9 2.5 2.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.9 1.7 0.0 1.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.2 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.1 -1.2 0.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.8 10.3 1.5 0.5 2.0 2.1 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 -0.5 1.07.4 Real unit labour costs -0.2 0.1 -1.0 -0.5 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 -0.9 0.2 0.0 0.1 -1.8 -0.37.5 GDP deflator 4.9 10.2 2.5 1.0 1.9 1.6 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.2 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.37.6 Private consumption deflator 4.7 10.5 2.3 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.3 -0.1 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.27.7 Terms of trade 0.3 -1.8 0.9 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 1.2 3.2 0.7 -1.3 -1.2 0.0 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : 52.2 53.3 52.8 54.6 56.9 57.2 56.8 56.6 56.4 56.0 55.5 54.48.2 Total revenue : : 48.6 50.8 49.7 50.1 52.1 53.3 53.2 53.0 53.6 53.5 52.4 52.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 0.1 -1.8 -3.6 -2.6 -3.1 -4.5 -4.7 -3.9 -3.6 -3.5 -2.8 -2.5 -3.1 -2.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : -1.5 -3.0 -2.0 -4.0 -4.8 -4.2 -3.0 -2.9 -2.9 -2.8 -2.8 -3.4 -2.68.5 Debt (end of period) : 31.0 56.1 58.9 67.4 85.3 93.4 94.9 95.6 98.0 98.4 98.4 99.0 98.9


9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.7 11.7 8.5 5.3 4.3 3.8 2.7 1.7 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 5.7 11.0 8.5 3.7 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.0 0.7 0.0 1.6 1.4 1.0 2.0 1.5 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.7 1.4 5.9 4.3 2.3 2.1 1.7 1.1 -0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.2 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.6 2.2 0.3 0.0 1.2 -3.8 2.1 1.4 2.7 -1.0 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 101.1 100.1 102.4 97.7 98.0 93.4 94.7 95.3 97.7 95.9 95.1 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


173


86. Italy(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 5.8 2.6 2.2 2.5 0.8 0.2 -2.2 0.3 1.9 1.3 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.81.2 Government consumption 5.6 3.6 1.4 1.4 1.7 0.4 -1.2 -0.7 -0.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.7 0.2 1.2 3.7 2.1 -1.9 -6.0 -2.3 2.1 3.5 4.3 3.4 -0.3 0.91.4 of which equipment : 2.5 3.2 5.4 1.1 -1.0 -7.4 1.9 4.6 6.7 9.1 5.5 -0.5 0.81.5 of which construction 5.1 0.1 0.7 1.9 3.2 -2.9 -7.0 -6.6 -0.7 0.9 1.3 2.6 0.3 1.21.6 Exports of goods and services 10.5 4.4 5.5 4.0 1.6 0.4 2.7 2.7 4.4 2.1 5.9 1.9 1.9 3.11.7 Imports of goods and services 10.4 2.6 4.9 6.4 2.4 1.4 -3.4 3.2 6.8 3.6 5.5 2.3 2.2 3.31.8 GDP 5.9 2.5 2.1 2.0 0.9 -0.3 -1.3 0.1 0.9 1.1 1.7 0.9 0.1 0.7


2.1 Consumption 4.2 2.1 1.5 1.7 0.8 0.2 -1.6 0.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.52.2 Investment 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.4 -0.4 -1.1 -0.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.6 -0.1 0.22.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.6 0.1 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.8 2.2 2.0 2.4 1.1 -0.1 -3.0 0.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.1 0.72.5 Exports 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.8 1.3 0.6 1.8 0.6 0.6 1.02.6 Final demand 7.3 3.1 3.0 3.3 1.5 0.1 -2.3 1.0 2.7 2.1 3.1 1.5 0.7 1.72.7 Imports -1.4 -0.5 -0.9 -1.3 -0.6 -0.3 0.9 -0.9 -1.8 -1.0 -1.4 -0.7 -0.6 -1.02.8 Net exports 0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2 1.6 -0.1 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 21.0 20.2 18.1 17.4 18.7 17.6 19.6 19.0 19.4 19.9 20.63.2 Net savings of households : : 15.4 7.6 6.1 4.6 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.6 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.4 -0.33.4 National savings 19.6 21.6 18.1 21.2 20.6 19.0 17.6 18.9 18.6 20.0 20.1 20.4 20.3 20.33.5 Gross capital formation 25.2 25.1 21.5 19.7 21.1 21.2 18.4 17.0 17.3 17.6 17.6 18.0 17.8 17.83.6 Current account 1.3 -0.7 -0.4 1.5 -0.5 -2.2 -0.8 1.9 1.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 76.0 76.3 76.0 73.4 72.2 73.6 75.5 76.2 76.9 78.0 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.3 0.2 -0.6 0.6 1.4 -1.3 -2.8 -1.9 -1.0 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.64.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.7 -0.1 0.1 1.2 0.1 -3.0 -4.4 -3.3 -2.0 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.14.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 69.1 93.9 119.7 121.0 101.9 84.1 85.8 88.0 92.5 97.0 95.9 95.4 96.8

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 5.0 3.4 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.15.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.35.3 Growth of capital intensity 5.3 2.4 2.2 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.3 -0.6 -1.0 -1.5 -0.8 -0.7 0.2 -0.45.4 Labour productivity growth 6.1 1.6 2.2 1.2 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.25.5 Total factor productivity growth 4.0 0.6 1.3 0.9 -0.3 -0.7 -0.6 0.1 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.1 0.3


6.1 Employment -0.3 0.6 0.1 1.0 1.3 0.2 -0.6 0.1 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.36.2 Activity rate 59.2 61.0 62.4 63.6 67.5 68.6 68.9 69.0 69.1 70.3 71.0 71.3 71.8 72.46.3 Employment rate 58.7 58.0 57.4 58.0 62.9 65.0 63.5 62.0 62.6 63.7 64.7 65.4 65.7 66.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : 59.9 59.8 59.7 63.4 64.0 61.2 59.3 60.0 61.0 61.7 62.3 62.4 62.9 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.0 6.9 9.6 10.9 8.3 7.1 10.4 12.7 11.9 11.7 11.2 10.6 10.9 11.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.4 18.2 6.9 2.9 3.4 2.7 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.3 2.0 0.9 1.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.9 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.9 -1.3 -0.3 0.8 0.0 -0.8 0.9 0.0 -0.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.0 16.3 4.6 1.6 3.2 2.7 1.1 0.1 0.7 0.5 -0.5 1.9 0.7 0.87.4 Real unit labour costs -0.4 -0.2 -1.4 -1.0 0.4 0.9 -0.3 -0.9 -0.2 -0.7 -1.0 1.1 0.1 -0.27.5 GDP deflator 5.4 16.5 6.1 2.6 2.8 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.07.6 Private consumption deflator 5.2 16.3 6.1 2.7 2.6 1.8 2.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.17.7 Terms of trade -0.8 -1.0 1.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.4 -0.9 2.6 2.3 2.7 -2.0 -1.2 -0.7 -0.1




9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.9 14.6 12.0 6.3 4.5 4.3 5.1 2.9 1.7 1.5 2.1 2.6 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.2 15.5 11.6 5.5 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.7 -0.8 0.4 0.7 1.6 1.5 4.4 2.7 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.9 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.5 -1.6 5.6 3.5 1.6 2.5 3.7 1.9 0.8 0.3 1.6 1.7 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 2.6 2.4 0.3 0.2 1.7 -3.3 2.1 1.4 3.1 -0.9 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 95.8 99.0 102.3 99.3 100.2 95.8 96.7 97.3 99.2 96.9 95.8 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


174


87. Cyprus(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 9.7 8.2 -6.5 3.0 -0.5 -1.2 -5.7 1.0 2.4 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.5 2.81.2 Government consumption 3.4 6.4 6.3 -0.3 1.5 -2.5 -4.8 -7.5 -0.5 -0.8 3.1 4.3 3.6 4.01.3 Gross fixed capital formation 7.5 8.4 -13.6 -2.9 -11.9 -20.4 -16.6 -19.0 13.8 41.8 29.0 -7.1 10.2 8.11.4 of which equipment -6.1 33.9 -14.2 4.7 -16.8 -25.0 -14.0 -37.0 52.1 107.9 26.5 -35.1 3.3 3.11.5 of which construction 12.8 0.6 -15.2 -5.9 -13.1 -18.5 -26.5 -12.8 -2.6 21.7 28.9 19.2 15.1 11.41.6 Exports of goods and services 5.4 -0.6 -4.7 4.5 5.7 -2.7 2.1 4.3 5.2 4.6 6.0 3.3 0.8 0.81.7 Imports of goods and services 9.6 13.0 -15.3 7.8 -3.2 -4.7 -4.0 3.6 8.4 6.6 12.2 2.0 3.5 3.01.8 GDP 5.1 3.6 -2.0 1.3 0.4 -2.9 -5.8 -1.3 2.0 4.8 4.5 3.9 3.1 2.7


2.1 Consumption 6.6 6.3 -3.3 1.9 0.0 -1.3 -4.7 -0.7 1.6 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.52.2 Investment 1.9 2.2 -3.7 -0.7 -2.6 -3.8 -2.5 -2.7 1.6 5.4 5.1 -1.5 2.0 1.72.3 Stockbuilding -0.8 3.0 -2.3 2.2 -1.6 1.1 -1.9 1.6 0.6 -2.3 0.2 1.5 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 7.6 11.5 -9.3 3.4 -4.3 -4.1 -9.1 -1.7 3.8 6.1 8.6 3.1 4.9 4.22.5 Exports 2.9 -0.3 -2.3 2.2 2.9 -1.4 1.1 2.5 3.2 3.0 3.9 2.1 0.5 0.52.6 Final demand 10.5 11.2 -11.7 5.6 -1.4 -5.5 -8.0 0.8 7.0 9.0 12.4 5.2 5.4 4.72.7 Imports -5.4 -7.5 9.6 -4.2 1.8 2.6 2.2 -2.1 -5.1 -4.2 -8.0 -1.4 -2.3 -2.02.8 Net exports -2.6 -7.8 7.3 -2.0 4.7 1.2 3.3 0.4 -1.9 -1.3 -4.1 0.8 -1.8 -1.5


3.1 Private sector savings 6.3 9.1 12.1 12.0 16.2 12.6 10.6 5.6 10.6 8.4 7.6 7.4 7.7 7.63.2 Net savings of households 0.6 -0.4 2.4 0.3 0.4 -1.5 -5.6 -8.6 -7.6 -6.6 -6.3 : : 3.3 General government savings 7.0 4.7 -0.5 0.5 -1.5 -2.5 -2.3 2.4 2.1 3.2 4.6 5.2 4.7 4.63.4 National savings 13.3 13.9 11.6 12.5 14.7 10.2 8.3 7.9 12.8 11.6 12.2 12.6 12.4 12.23.5 Gross capital formation 24.4 28.9 22.9 23.8 18.8 16.1 13.2 12.3 14.2 16.6 20.6 19.1 20.4 21.63.6 Current account -11.1 -15.1 -11.3 -11.3 -4.1 -5.9 -4.9 -4.4 -1.4 -5.1 -8.4 -6.5 -8.0 -9.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 71.1 65.2 62.7 61.3 56.8 49.6 53.9 57.9 59.7 59.4 61.7 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 5.4 7.2 3.6 4.0 3.8 0.3 -5.9 -7.8 -6.9 -3.8 -1.3 0.4 1.1 1.24.3 Potential GDP gap 6.0 5.5 0.6 -0.4 -1.6 -4.4 -8.7 -8.0 -5.2 -1.5 0.8 2.8 3.8 4.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 7.2 7.5 5.2 4.4 2.9 1.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.2 1.7 3.5 2.9 3.4 3.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 2.6 3.8 5.2 3.9 2.9 4.5 6.8 1.2 -1.7 -2.7 -0.7 -1.1 0.8 1.85.4 Labour productivity growth 0.6 0.1 -2.0 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.75.5 Total factor productivity growth -0.6 -1.7 -4.4 -1.0 -1.0 -1.7 -2.9 -0.1 1.3 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 -0.1


6.1 Employment 4.4 3.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 -3.2 -5.9 -1.8 1.5 4.6 4.3 4.0 2.6 2.06.2 Activity rate 76.9 76.9 75.7 74.4 73.6 73.3 72.8 73.4 74.3 75.6 76.8 77.6 77.9 78.56.3 Employment rate 74.1 74.2 71.8 69.9 68.0 64.8 61.4 61.6 63.5 66.3 68.8 71.3 73.0 74.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 3.9 3.7 5.4 6.3 7.9 11.9 15.9 16.1 15.0 13.0 11.1 8.4 6.7 5.9 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 1.9 3.2 5.7 0.7 2.1 1.7 -5.4 -3.5 -1.3 -1.1 0.7 0.1 2.5 2.87.2 Real wages per head (b) -1.8 -1.4 5.4 -1.6 -0.7 -0.6 -5.2 -2.8 0.4 0.3 -0.1 -1.1 1.6 1.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs 1.2 3.1 7.9 -0.2 1.7 1.4 -5.5 -4.0 -1.7 -1.4 0.6 0.3 2.0 2.07.4 Real unit labour costs -2.8 -1.5 7.6 -2.1 -0.1 -0.3 -4.4 -2.4 -0.5 -0.8 -1.1 -1.3 0.9 0.87.5 GDP deflator 4.1 4.7 0.3 2.0 1.8 1.7 -1.2 -1.6 -1.2 -0.6 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.37.6 Private consumption deflator 3.8 4.7 0.3 2.3 2.8 2.3 -0.2 -0.8 -1.6 -1.4 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.27.7 Terms of trade 0.7 -1.4 0.4 0.0 -0.5 0.9 -1.4 -0.2 0.5 0.7 1.4 1.4 0.1 -0.1


8.1 Total expenditure 37.6 38.4 42.1 42.0 42.3 41.9 41.9 48.8 40.6 38.0 37.4 44.7 38.0 39.08.2 Total revenue 40.8 39.3 36.7 37.3 36.7 36.4 36.7 39.8 39.3 38.3 39.1 39.9 41.0 41.88.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 3.2 0.9 -5.4 -4.7 -5.7 -5.6 -5.1 -9.0 -1.3 0.3 1.8 -4.8 3.0 2.88.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted 0.2 -1.9 -5.7 -4.5 -4.9 -3.3 -0.8 -4.9 1.3 1.1 1.3 -6.2 1.1 0.78.5 Debt (end of period) 54.0 45.6 54.3 56.8 66.2 80.1 103.1 108.0 108.0 105.5 95.8 102.5 96.4 89.9


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.8 7.0 6.5 6.0 4.5 3.8 2.6 2.2 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.2 4.6 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.3 0.0 3.4 3.8 4.4 6.4 6.3 5.8 4.6 4.0 3.0 2.5 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.3 -0.1 4.3 2.6 3.9 5.2 7.8 7.8 5.8 4.4 0.9 0.6 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate -0.1 3.1 2.3 -3.5 0.4 -2.6 2.4 0.7 -4.2 2.3 1.4 2.9 -1.2 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 100.0 103.2 104.3 100.0 100.1 98.0 99.1 98.4 92.0 91.9 92.1 93.5 91.1 90.1 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


175


88. Latvia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 10.2 -7.9 -16.0 2.8 3.0 3.1 5.1 1.4 2.5 1.4 4.1 4.5 3.7 3.61.2 Government consumption 3.3 2.4 -10.7 -8.1 3.0 0.3 1.6 1.9 1.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 1.5 1.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 22.5 -9.1 -33.3 -19.8 24.0 14.4 -6.0 0.1 -0.5 -8.4 13.1 16.4 2.8 1.71.4 of which equipment 41.8 -3.9 -61.3 1.3 45.1 11.9 -5.4 -10.9 -1.3 11.1 8.2 10.9 3.5 1.51.5 of which construction 12.2 -13.1 -15.3 -30.2 14.0 20.0 -10.3 10.2 -0.2 -21.1 15.6 22.9 2.5 1.81.6 Exports of goods and services 13.8 2.4 -12.9 13.4 12.0 9.8 1.1 6.0 3.1 4.4 6.2 1.8 2.2 2.41.7 Imports of goods and services 17.3 -10.7 -31.7 12.4 22.0 5.4 0.4 1.2 2.1 4.4 8.9 5.1 2.0 2.31.8 GDP 10.0 -3.5 -14.4 -3.9 6.4 4.0 2.4 1.9 3.0 2.1 4.6 4.8 3.1 2.8


2.1 Consumption 7.1 -4.3 -11.4 0.2 2.4 2.0 3.4 1.2 1.9 1.6 3.2 3.4 2.4 2.42.2 Investment 7.7 -3.3 -10.7 -4.5 4.7 3.2 -1.5 0.0 -0.1 -1.9 2.6 3.4 0.6 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 -3.0 -3.8 0.1 5.0 -3.4 0.2 -2.2 0.7 2.4 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 15.0 -10.6 -25.9 -4.2 12.1 1.8 2.0 -1.0 2.4 2.1 6.1 6.8 3.1 2.82.5 Exports 5.5 0.9 -5.1 5.7 6.5 5.7 0.7 3.6 1.9 2.7 3.7 1.1 1.3 1.42.6 Final demand 20.5 -9.7 -31.0 1.5 18.5 7.4 2.7 2.6 4.3 4.8 9.9 7.9 4.4 4.22.7 Imports -10.5 6.2 16.6 -5.5 -12.1 -3.4 -0.2 -0.8 -1.3 -2.7 -5.2 -3.1 -1.2 -1.32.8 Net exports -5.0 7.1 11.5 0.2 -5.7 2.3 0.4 2.8 0.6 0.0 -1.5 -2.0 0.1 0.1


3.1 Private sector savings 15.1 22.4 34.8 24.8 21.1 20.5 19.8 19.4 19.9 19.3 19.2 20.3 20.3 19.93.2 Net savings of households -5.8 2.0 4.1 -0.8 -8.5 -7.9 -8.2 -6.9 -4.5 -2.3 -3.3 : : 3.3 General government savings 5.3 0.0 -4.9 -3.4 1.0 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.9 3.0 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.33.4 National savings 20.4 22.4 29.9 21.4 22.1 22.6 21.8 20.9 21.8 22.3 22.9 23.7 23.7 23.23.5 Gross capital formation 41.5 35.1 22.0 19.3 25.2 26.2 24.3 22.7 22.2 20.7 22.2 24.2 24.0 23.43.6 Current account -21.1 -12.7 7.9 2.1 -3.1 -3.5 -2.4 -1.7 -0.5 1.6 0.7 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 71.9 66.3 54.0 62.8 67.3 70.9 72.1 72.4 71.5 72.6 74.4 76.3 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 20.3 13.0 -5.2 -10.4 -6.1 -3.8 -3.1 -3.2 -2.4 -2.6 -0.5 1.7 2.3 2.74.3 Potential GDP gap 11.4 3.8 -10.7 -12.5 -6.1 -2.3 -0.7 -0.3 0.4 0.2 1.7 2.8 2.2 1.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 15.0 9.0 -0.8 -4.4 -1.9 0.4 -0.9 -1.2 -0.8 -2.1 0.4 3.9 3.7 3.25.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.05.3 Growth of capital intensity 10.8 9.9 15.8 2.4 -3.4 -1.0 -3.2 0.2 -2.2 -1.8 0.4 2.3 3.3 3.25.4 Labour productivity growth 5.9 -2.7 -0.1 2.9 4.8 2.5 0.1 3.3 1.5 2.4 4.7 3.1 2.8 2.85.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.6 -7.3 -7.2 1.7 6.6 3.1 1.8 3.2 2.7 3.3 4.4 1.9 1.1 1.2


6.1 Employment 3.8 -0.8 -14.3 -6.7 1.5 1.4 2.3 -1.4 1.4 -0.3 0.0 1.6 0.3 0.06.2 Activity rate 75.4 77.1 75.9 74.7 74.4 75.9 76.0 75.8 77.1 78.2 79.0 80.3 81.0 81.76.3 Employment rate 70.9 71.2 62.6 60.2 62.3 64.5 67.0 67.6 69.5 70.7 72.2 74.4 75.4 76.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 6.1 7.7 17.5 19.5 16.2 15.0 11.9 10.8 9.9 9.6 8.7 7.4 6.9 6.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 34.9 17.7 -10.9 -6.6 2.4 7.7 5.5 8.6 7.7 7.3 8.0 7.8 6.2 5.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 20.8 3.8 -7.5 -4.2 -3.5 4.2 5.2 6.8 8.9 6.1 4.7 4.9 3.3 2.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs 27.3 21.0 -10.9 -9.3 -2.3 5.0 5.3 5.2 6.1 4.8 3.1 4.6 3.3 2.17.4 Real unit labour costs 6.0 8.3 -1.3 -8.5 -8.2 1.3 3.6 3.3 6.1 3.9 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.17.5 GDP deflator 20.1 11.8 -9.7 -0.8 6.4 3.6 1.6 1.8 0.0 0.9 3.2 4.2 2.7 2.07.6 Private consumption deflator 11.7 13.4 -3.7 -2.5 6.1 3.4 0.2 1.7 -1.0 1.1 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.47.7 Terms of trade 4.7 -1.8 0.2 0.1 3.0 -2.8 0.6 -1.2 0.6 2.8 0.7 2.0 0.0 -0.1


8.1 Total expenditure 34.0 37.6 44.6 45.4 40.5 38.0 37.7 38.1 38.2 37.0 37.8 38.5 37.8 37.48.2 Total revenue 33.5 33.4 35.0 36.8 36.2 36.8 36.6 36.6 36.9 37.0 37.2 37.5 37.2 36.88.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -0.5 -4.2 -9.5 -8.6 -4.3 -1.2 -1.2 -1.4 -1.4 0.1 -0.6 -1.0 -0.6 -0.68.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -4.8 -5.6 -5.5 -3.9 -2.0 -0.3 -0.9 -1.3 -1.5 0.0 -1.2 -2.1 -1.4 -1.18.5 Debt (end of period) 8.0 18.2 36.3 47.3 43.1 41.6 39.4 40.9 36.8 40.3 40.0 35.9 34.5 33.5


9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.3 6.4 12.4 10.3 5.9 4.6 3.3 2.5 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.9 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 8.7 8.0 13.1 2.0 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -3.4 -1.6 -0.7 8.4 5.0 3.7 3.0 2.3 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.2 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -12.4 -4.8 24.4 11.2 -0.5 0.9 1.7 0.7 1.0 -0.3 -2.3 -3.2 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 0.4 1.6 4.9 -4.2 0.6 -0.6 1.9 4.5 3.7 3.0 -0.6 3.6 -0.3 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 93.7 103.3 108.6 100.0 100.7 99.2 98.2 100.9 101.6 103.0 102.8 106.6 106.5 106.3 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


176


89. Lithuania(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 12.4 3.9 -17.4 -3.4 4.6 3.1 4.3 4.0 4.0 5.0 3.3 3.9 3.7 3.21.2 Government consumption 1.9 0.2 -1.3 -3.2 -0.4 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.4 0.6 0.6 0.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 22.3 -4.0 -38.9 1.5 20.1 -1.8 8.3 5.8 4.9 0.3 6.8 6.5 5.0 4.41.4 of which equipment 23.2 -17.5 -49.9 20.7 36.4 2.1 12.3 -0.2 13.4 8.9 8.6 4.0 4.4 4.51.5 of which construction 21.5 0.6 -37.0 -7.1 14.5 -4.4 8.0 8.4 0.1 -6.4 4.8 8.5 5.3 4.21.6 Exports of goods and services 3.2 13.5 -12.8 18.9 15.4 12.4 9.9 3.3 0.9 4.0 13.6 4.9 3.6 3.61.7 Imports of goods and services 10.8 12.2 -28.0 18.7 15.0 6.6 9.1 3.1 6.8 3.8 12.0 4.3 4.5 4.31.8 GDP 11.1 2.6 -14.8 1.6 6.0 3.8 3.5 3.5 2.0 2.4 4.1 3.4 2.7 2.4


2.1 Consumption 8.4 2.5 -11.5 -3.0 2.9 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.5 3.1 2.1 2.6 2.4 2.12.2 Investment 5.8 -1.1 -10.1 0.3 3.4 -0.3 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.92.3 Stockbuilding 2.3 2.2 -5.1 4.5 -0.2 -2.2 -1.4 -0.2 3.3 -1.0 -0.6 -1.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 16.4 3.6 -26.7 1.8 6.1 -0.3 2.8 3.4 6.7 2.2 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.02.5 Exports 1.8 6.8 -7.3 9.8 10.1 9.3 8.0 2.7 0.7 3.0 10.1 4.0 2.9 2.92.6 Final demand 18.2 10.4 -34.1 11.7 16.1 9.0 10.9 6.1 7.4 5.3 12.9 6.8 6.3 5.92.7 Imports -7.1 -7.7 19.2 -10.0 -10.1 -5.2 -7.4 -2.6 -5.4 -2.9 -8.8 -3.4 -3.6 -3.52.8 Net exports -5.4 -0.9 11.9 -0.2 0.0 4.1 0.7 0.2 -4.7 0.1 1.3 0.6 -0.7 -0.5


3.1 Private sector savings 13.1 13.0 20.2 21.8 20.1 19.4 20.8 21.6 16.3 14.0 15.3 15.3 16.0 15.93.2 Net savings of households -5.1 -2.9 0.8 2.8 0.5 -1.2 -0.8 -2.2 -2.1 -2.2 -3.1 : : 3.3 General government savings 4.0 1.7 -5.7 -4.1 -2.3 -1.0 0.0 1.4 2.3 3.0 3.5 3.3 2.6 2.63.4 National savings 17.2 14.7 14.5 17.7 17.9 18.4 20.9 23.0 18.6 17.0 18.7 18.6 18.6 18.53.5 Gross capital formation 32.1 27.9 12.4 18.0 21.7 19.4 19.5 19.0 20.6 17.7 17.9 18.6 18.7 18.93.6 Current account -14.9 -13.2 2.1 -0.3 -3.8 -0.9 1.4 4.0 -2.0 -0.7 0.9 0.0 -0.1 -0.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 73.4 71.0 61.5 64.6 70.3 71.9 73.3 74.8 74.2 75.9 77.2 77.4 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 13.8 12.9 -6.5 -7.3 -4.1 -2.8 -1.8 -0.8 -1.2 -1.4 0.2 1.2 1.6 1.84.3 Potential GDP gap 8.4 5.5 -10.9 -9.5 -5.0 -2.6 -1.0 0.5 0.5 1.1 3.0 3.6 3.1 2.14.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 10.4 8.2 1.5 1.3 2.9 2.3 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.25.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.05.3 Growth of capital intensity 8.2 9.6 9.9 6.9 2.4 0.5 1.5 1.1 2.1 1.3 4.3 3.0 3.8 4.15.4 Labour productivity growth 8.9 4.0 -7.7 7.3 5.5 2.0 2.1 1.5 0.7 0.4 4.7 2.4 2.4 2.35.5 Total factor productivity growth 4.6 -0.8 -12.1 3.7 4.3 1.7 1.3 0.9 -0.3 -0.3 2.4 0.8 0.4 0.2


6.1 Employment 2.0 -1.3 -7.7 -5.3 0.5 1.8 1.3 2.0 1.3 2.0 -0.5 1.1 0.4 0.16.2 Activity rate 69.7 70.2 71.4 72.6 72.8 73.5 73.9 75.4 76.1 78.0 78.6 80.0 81.5 82.76.3 Employment rate 66.7 66.1 61.6 59.7 61.6 63.7 65.2 67.3 69.1 71.8 73.1 75.0 76.4 77.7 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.3 5.8 13.8 17.8 15.4 13.4 11.8 10.7 9.1 7.9 7.1 6.2 6.2 6.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 14.1 14.1 -9.3 -0.1 6.4 4.2 5.4 4.7 5.9 6.7 8.7 7.7 7.0 5.97.2 Real wages per head (b) 7.8 2.9 -13.1 -1.4 2.1 1.1 4.3 4.6 6.8 5.8 5.1 5.2 4.4 3.57.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.8 9.7 -1.7 -7.0 0.8 2.2 3.2 3.2 5.1 6.4 3.8 5.2 4.5 3.57.4 Real unit labour costs -3.5 0.0 1.7 -9.1 -4.2 -0.5 1.8 2.1 4.7 4.9 -0.5 1.7 1.4 0.87.5 GDP deflator 8.6 9.7 -3.3 2.4 5.2 2.7 1.3 1.0 0.3 1.4 4.3 3.4 3.0 2.77.6 Private consumption deflator 5.9 10.9 4.3 1.3 4.1 3.1 1.0 0.1 -0.9 0.9 3.3 2.4 2.4 2.37.7 Terms of trade 0.9 3.6 -3.8 0.1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.2 0.9 2.5 2.2 0.4 -0.9 0.4 0.3


8.1 Total expenditure 35.3 38.1 44.9 42.3 42.5 36.1 35.5 34.6 34.9 34.1 33.1 34.0 34.4 34.98.2 Total revenue 34.4 35.0 35.8 35.4 33.5 33.0 32.9 34.0 34.6 34.4 33.6 34.7 34.7 34.98.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -0.8 -3.1 -9.1 -6.9 -8.9 -3.1 -2.6 -0.6 -0.3 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -4.2 -5.3 -4.7 -3.1 -7.0 -2.1 -2.2 -0.8 -0.5 -0.2 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -0.88.5 Debt (end of period) 15.9 14.6 28.0 36.2 37.2 39.8 38.8 40.5 42.6 40.0 39.4 34.2 37.0 36.4


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.6 5.6 14.0 5.6 5.2 4.8 3.8 2.8 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.3 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 5.1 6.0 7.1 1.8 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.6 -0.4 6.9 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.3 2.5 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.6 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -3.7 -3.7 17.9 3.1 -0.1 2.1 2.5 1.7 1.0 -0.5 -3.8 -3.0 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 1.2 1.7 5.8 -3.9 0.6 -2.1 2.7 5.3 5.4 3.3 -1.2 3.9 -0.5 -0.29.6 Real effective exchange rate 93.3 98.8 105.6 100.0 100.5 98.5 99.3 102.0 102.5 104.6 104.7 109.0 107.9 107.3 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


177


90. Luxembourg(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 4.6 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.3 1.8 2.1 4.1 3.2 1.7 3.0 4.2 3.6 2.51.2 Government consumption 3.4 2.4 5.3 4.5 4.5 2.4 2.7 1.9 2.8 2.5 3.1 4.0 2.7 3.01.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.9 -2.7 8.8 5.0 2.7 3.4 6.9 9.5 -9.9 10.4 4.0 -2.7 2.5 1.61.4 of which equipment : -2.6 11.3 4.5 4.8 6.6 13.5 9.6 -19.1 15.8 14.8 -15.6 3.8 1.61.5 of which construction : -2.8 6.8 4.3 2.6 1.0 3.1 7.8 -4.6 8.2 -4.2 7.0 1.4 1.61.6 Exports of goods and services 6.3 2.9 6.4 10.9 5.5 4.7 4.0 16.4 5.3 3.8 -1.9 4.5 1.8 2.41.7 Imports of goods and services 6.4 2.7 5.5 11.2 5.9 4.9 5.1 19.5 4.3 4.5 -2.2 5.1 1.8 2.41.8 GDP 4.0 1.8 5.7 5.9 2.9 2.4 1.9 4.3 3.9 2.4 1.5 2.6 2.5 2.6


2.1 Consumption 2.9 1.9 2.9 2.1 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.32.2 Investment 1.5 -0.7 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.9 -2.0 1.9 0.7 -0.5 0.4 0.32.3 Stockbuilding -0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 1.0 -0.4 -0.5 0.6 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 4.0 1.5 4.6 3.8 2.1 1.4 2.2 3.9 0.5 2.4 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.62.5 Exports 5.2 2.9 6.7 13.1 8.0 8.2 7.3 31.2 11.2 8.6 -4.2 10.1 4.0 5.52.6 Final demand 9.2 4.4 11.3 17.0 10.1 9.6 9.4 35.2 11.7 10.9 -2.6 12.2 6.0 7.02.7 Imports -5.1 -2.6 -5.6 -11.0 -7.1 -7.0 -7.5 -30.9 -7.8 -8.5 4.1 -9.6 -3.5 -4.52.8 Net exports 0.1 0.3 1.2 2.1 0.8 1.1 -0.2 0.4 3.4 0.0 -0.1 0.5 0.5 1.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 21.5 20.7 15.5 13.7 13.2 15.2 15.0 17.5 15.7 16.1 16.23.2 Net savings of households : : : 4.3 4.8 4.5 5.2 5.5 5.0 4.8 8.0 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 8.4 7.0 6.7 5.4 5.7 5.8 6.7 6.3 7.4 6.6 6.43.4 National savings 34.5 39.3 38.5 30.0 27.7 22.2 19.1 18.9 21.1 21.8 23.8 23.1 22.7 22.63.5 Gross capital formation 23.6 20.2 23.8 21.9 20.6 18.5 19.3 19.9 19.1 19.2 19.0 18.3 18.2 17.93.6 Current account : : : 8.1 7.0 3.8 -0.2 -1.0 2.0 2.6 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.7


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 80.5 83.2 83.3 79.9 75.2 66.1 68.5 76.9 81.2 81.3 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -1.0 1.7 -1.6 0.5 1.2 -2.4 -0.6 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.24.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.9 -0.9 -3.7 -2.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.6 1.0 1.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 78.1 113.1 130.7 129.2 154.4 152.8 160.2 151.3 154.4 145.4 151.6 148.2 147.2

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.6 2.3 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.8 4.3 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.55.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.25.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.5 1.9 0.8 -0.5 0.1 0.1 1.3 1.7 0.3 0.1 -0.3 -1.1 -0.5 -0.35.4 Labour productivity growth 3.0 1.3 2.7 1.8 -0.2 -0.7 -0.5 1.7 1.3 -0.6 -1.8 -1.1 -0.5 -0.25.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.2 0.4 2.3 2.0 -0.2 -0.7 -1.1 0.9 1.2 -0.6 -1.7 -0.6 -0.3 -0.1


6.1 Employment 1.1 0.5 3.0 4.1 3.1 3.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.7 3.1 2.86.2 Activity rate 62.0 62.9 62.6 63.7 66.2 66.5 66.2 66.5 66.6 66.3 65.9 66.3 66.4 66.36.3 Employment rate 62.0 61.8 61.2 62.1 63.9 63.4 62.7 62.3 62.1 61.8 62.1 62.6 62.7 62.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 0.0 1.8 2.3 2.6 3.6 4.7 5.3 6.0 6.5 6.3 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.2 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 7.4 9.2 4.9 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.0 3.5 1.6 0.9 3.3 2.1 3.0 2.17.2 Real wages per head (b) 4.2 1.7 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 -0.2 3.0 1.7 0.5 1.7 0.4 1.1 0.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.3 7.8 2.1 1.4 3.4 3.7 2.5 1.8 0.3 1.5 5.2 3.3 3.5 2.37.4 Real unit labour costs -0.2 1.1 -0.5 -0.5 1.0 0.2 -0.5 -0.9 0.7 0.6 3.0 -0.5 1.7 0.67.5 GDP deflator 4.4 6.7 2.7 1.9 2.4 3.5 3.0 2.7 -0.4 0.9 2.2 3.8 1.8 1.77.6 Private consumption deflator 3.0 7.4 2.7 1.8 2.2 1.7 2.2 0.5 -0.1 0.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.87.7 Terms of trade 0.1 -1.1 0.0 -0.5 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.8 -1.4 0.9 -0.5 0.8 0.0 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 40.3 42.1 41.3 43.3 42.0 41.9 41.9 43.0 43.1 43.8 44.38.2 Total revenue : : : 43.7 43.6 42.9 43.9 43.3 43.3 43.7 44.4 45.5 45.2 45.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : 3.4 1.5 1.6 0.6 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.4 2.4 1.4 1.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : 3.1 1.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.8 1.5 2.1 0.9 0.58.5 Debt (end of period) 19.1 13.4 9.6 7.2 7.4 19.8 23.7 22.7 22.2 20.7 23.0 21.4 20.7 20.3


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 8.1 7.7 5.4 3.6 4.0 2.2 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : : : 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : : 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.9 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 1.5 4.9 3.5 1.2 0.5 -0.8 -1.4 0.8 -0.7 -1.6 -3.1 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.2 1.1 0.4 0.0 1.0 -2.0 1.5 0.8 1.6 -0.5 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 92.2 94.1 99.8 100.2 101.3 98.5 99.3 100.4 101.9 101.2 101.0 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)

(a) Manufacturing industry (b) Private consumption deflator (c) GDP deflator 9.6 Real effective exchange rate (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)

178


91. Malta(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 0.7 -0.2 1.8 -0.2 3.0 -0.5 2.1 2.2 5.1 2.4 3.6 7.3 5.0 4.11.2 Government consumption 0.9 12.3 -3.3 1.6 3.4 5.7 -0.4 6.6 3.7 -2.8 2.1 11.7 11.5 6.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.6 -9.2 -11.8 26.4 -16.2 1.5 1.2 6.7 55.3 -0.1 -7.4 -3.7 10.1 7.81.4 of which equipment -2.0 -15.3 -11.2 54.1 -28.2 -6.0 6.9 1.6 85.5 13.5 -35.0 -14.4 : 1.5 of which construction 4.6 -9.5 -15.8 9.4 -8.4 3.5 -2.9 4.3 52.9 -15.0 24.6 1.5 14.7 12.31.6 Exports of goods and services 10.9 19.4 -0.4 6.9 1.5 7.0 0.9 4.1 15.6 4.5 5.6 2.1 2.4 2.81.7 Imports of goods and services 8.1 19.5 0.3 7.6 -0.5 5.1 0.1 0.3 18.3 1.6 0.6 1.3 3.2 3.01.8 GDP 4.0 3.3 -2.5 3.5 1.3 2.7 4.5 8.5 10.7 5.7 6.7 6.6 5.5 4.8


2.1 Consumption 0.6 2.1 0.4 0.2 2.4 0.8 1.1 2.5 3.3 0.7 2.0 5.0 4.1 2.92.2 Investment 1.2 -2.0 -2.3 4.8 -3.5 0.3 0.2 1.2 9.5 0.0 -1.7 -0.8 1.9 1.62.3 Stockbuilding -0.9 3.4 0.6 -0.2 -0.7 -1.5 1.8 -1.1 -0.4 0.4 -1.3 0.9 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 0.9 3.4 -1.4 4.8 -1.8 -0.4 3.1 2.6 12.4 1.1 -1.0 5.1 6.0 4.42.5 Exports 13.4 25.1 -0.7 10.2 2.4 11.2 1.5 6.5 23.2 7.0 8.6 3.1 3.5 4.02.6 Final demand 14.3 28.5 -2.0 14.9 0.5 10.8 4.7 9.1 35.6 8.0 7.5 8.2 9.4 8.42.7 Imports -10.3 -25.2 -0.5 -11.4 0.8 -8.1 -0.1 -0.5 -24.9 -2.3 -0.8 -1.7 -4.0 -3.62.8 Net exports 3.1 0.0 -1.1 -1.2 3.2 3.1 1.4 5.9 -1.7 4.6 7.7 1.4 -0.5 0.3


3.1 Private sector savings 17.3 21.3 13.5 18.1 18.1 18.9 19.6 23.2 26.4 24.2 23.8 24.4 24.8 25.73.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings 0.7 -1.9 -1.2 -0.8 -0.8 -1.3 -0.3 0.4 1.3 3.5 5.8 5.2 4.6 4.33.4 National savings 18.0 19.4 12.3 17.3 17.3 17.6 19.3 23.6 27.6 27.7 29.5 29.6 29.3 29.93.5 Gross capital formation 21.0 21.7 20.8 23.6 19.4 18.0 19.1 17.7 24.8 23.9 19.1 18.4 19.6 20.43.6 Current account -3.0 -2.3 -8.5 -6.3 -2.0 -0.4 0.1 5.8 2.8 3.8 10.4 11.2 9.8 9.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 83.2 80.8 70.8 77.5 77.9 75.3 77.0 77.7 78.4 79.3 80.3 80.3 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 1.9 2.6 -2.7 -2.4 -4.6 -5.9 -6.0 -3.0 1.7 1.7 2.6 3.3 3.1 2.34.3 Potential GDP gap 1.2 2.1 -2.2 -1.4 -2.3 -2.8 -2.4 0.5 3.1 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.5 3.2 1.9 3.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 2.2 7.1 6.2 4.0 3.2 3.9 4.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 2.2 0.6 1.8 2.0 -1.3 -1.1 -2.1 -3.0 2.9 1.9 -3.5 -2.3 -0.1 0.95.4 Labour productivity growth 1.7 0.8 -2.5 1.8 -1.6 -0.1 0.7 3.0 6.4 1.4 -1.1 0.9 1.4 1.35.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.6 0.5 -3.4 0.8 -0.9 0.5 1.8 4.6 4.8 0.4 0.7 2.1 1.4 0.9


6.1 Employment 2.2 2.5 0.0 1.7 2.9 2.8 3.8 5.4 4.1 4.3 7.8 5.6 4.0 3.46.2 Activity rate 59.2 59.6 59.9 61.0 62.5 64.0 66.2 68.5 69.4 70.5 73.5 75.6 77.7 79.56.3 Employment rate 55.3 56.1 55.8 56.8 58.7 60.2 62.0 64.4 65.7 67.2 70.6 72.8 74.7 76.4 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 6.5 6.0 6.9 6.9 6.4 6.2 6.1 5.7 5.4 4.7 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.9 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 3.7 4.1 3.0 2.0 3.3 3.3 2.1 1.4 5.5 2.9 -0.3 1.6 2.4 2.57.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.4 0.4 1.0 -0.2 1.2 0.6 1.0 1.0 3.8 2.2 -1.3 0.9 1.0 0.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs 2.0 3.2 5.6 0.2 5.0 3.4 1.4 -1.5 -0.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.27.4 Real unit labour costs -0.8 0.2 2.8 -3.5 2.7 1.2 -0.6 -3.9 -3.2 0.1 -1.7 -1.4 -1.2 -1.07.5 GDP deflator 2.8 3.0 2.7 3.8 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.6 1.4 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.27.6 Private consumption deflator 1.3 3.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.6 1.1 0.4 1.7 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.97.7 Terms of trade 0.6 -0.5 -0.1 1.1 0.0 -0.3 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.0 -0.1 -0.2


8.1 Total expenditure 41.1 42.6 41.9 41.1 41.2 42.7 41.9 41.1 39.6 36.5 35.7 36.8 37.1 37.18.2 Total revenue 39.0 38.5 38.6 38.7 38.8 39.2 39.5 39.4 38.5 37.4 39.2 38.8 38.2 38.08.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.1 -4.2 -3.2 -2.4 -2.4 -3.5 -2.4 -1.7 -1.0 0.9 3.4 2.0 1.1 0.98.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -2.7 -5.2 -2.2 -1.7 -1.3 -2.2 -1.3 -2.0 -2.5 0.2 2.9 1.4 0.6 0.78.5 Debt (end of period) 62.3 62.6 67.6 67.5 70.2 67.7 68.4 63.4 57.9 55.5 50.2 46.0 42.8 40.2


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.1 3.4 2.6 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.4 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.3 4.6 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.5 0.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.1 2.4 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.7 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.9 1.8 1.8 0.3 2.2 1.9 1.3 0.1 -1.0 -0.5 -1.2 -0.8 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 3.0 2.8 -0.4 -4.6 0.5 -2.3 2.5 1.2 -5.1 1.5 1.8 2.6 -1.3 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 100.8 104.4 105.3 100.0 99.2 97.2 98.6 99.3 94.6 96.0 97.2 99.2 97.6 97.4 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


179


92. Netherlands(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 5.6 1.8 2.2 4.9 0.9 0.2 -0.7 0.4 2.0 1.1 1.9 2.5 1.4 1.61.2 Government consumption 3.2 3.5 2.2 2.3 2.5 4.0 -0.5 0.6 -0.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 2.4 2.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.6 0.1 3.3 6.4 -0.2 0.3 -1.1 -2.4 29.0 -7.3 6.1 4.3 3.2 2.11.4 of which equipment : 6.9 3.9 8.7 -1.8 1.8 0.6 0.4 14.2 4.8 8.5 2.8 2.8 1.01.5 of which construction : -2.6 2.4 4.2 -0.2 -1.4 -5.5 1.1 11.4 10.9 6.0 6.2 3.5 2.11.6 Exports of goods and services 8.9 3.2 6.0 8.4 3.5 2.8 3.6 4.5 7.4 1.7 5.3 2.7 1.6 2.91.7 Imports of goods and services 9.2 2.7 5.5 9.1 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.3 14.5 -2.0 4.9 2.8 1.9 3.41.8 GDP 4.9 1.8 2.8 4.3 1.3 1.4 0.1 1.4 2.0 2.2 2.9 2.7 1.6 1.6


2.1 Consumption 3.7 1.8 1.6 2.9 1.0 1.0 -0.4 0.3 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.22.2 Investment 1.4 0.0 0.7 1.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.4 5.1 -1.6 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.0 1.8 2.3 4.2 1.0 1.2 -0.7 0.1 6.1 -0.7 2.0 2.4 1.6 1.72.5 Exports 3.5 1.6 3.3 5.0 2.2 1.9 2.7 3.6 6.0 1.4 4.3 2.3 1.4 2.42.6 Final demand 8.5 3.4 5.7 9.2 3.2 3.1 1.9 3.7 12.1 0.7 6.3 4.7 3.0 4.12.7 Imports -3.6 -1.4 -2.8 -4.8 -1.8 -1.7 -1.8 -2.3 -10.1 1.5 -3.4 -2.0 -1.4 -2.52.8 Net exports -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.9 1.4 -4.1 2.9 0.9 0.3 0.0 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 25.1 23.8 25.2 28.3 25.9 27.2 24.9 26.6 27.1 26.2 26.43.2 Net savings of households : 7.3 8.1 3.6 2.2 2.0 3.9 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.4 4.4 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 3.1 2.6 2.2 0.4 1.5 1.6 3.6 4.6 5.0 5.2 4.53.4 National savings 28.0 24.5 25.7 28.2 26.4 27.5 28.7 27.4 28.8 28.5 31.2 32.2 31.4 30.93.5 Gross capital formation 28.1 22.3 23.0 22.8 21.0 21.5 19.1 17.9 22.5 20.5 20.7 21.2 21.2 21.43.6 Current account 1.4 3.1 3.5 5.4 5.4 5.9 9.6 9.5 6.3 8.1 10.5 11.0 10.1 9.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 80.1 84.1 84.5 82.8 80.9 78.5 80.0 81.7 81.7 82.7 83.9 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.1 -0.4 0.7 0.1 1.4 -1.4 -2.5 -1.9 -1.2 0.1 1.1 1.1 1.04.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.1 0.5 0.5 -1.1 -0.2 -2.4 -2.4 -1.9 -1.0 0.2 1.1 1.0 0.94.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 80.5 91.9 122.8 128.7 131.3 113.4 115.4 122.7 124.8 129.7 131.9 131.6 129.5

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.6 2.4 1.9 2.6 1.9 2.0 0.8 0.2 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.05.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.6 2.2 0.4 0.1 2.0 1.0 1.2 0.3 1.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.6 1.35.4 Labour productivity growth 3.9 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.4 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.95.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.5 0.8 1.1 1.8 0.6 0.0 0.1 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.0 0.4


6.1 Employment 1.6 0.6 1.9 2.4 0.3 1.0 -0.2 -0.1 1.0 1.1 2.2 2.5 1.4 0.76.2 Activity rate : : 70.0 77.1 79.3 81.5 82.9 83.7 83.8 83.7 84.1 84.9 85.5 86.06.3 Employment rate 66.9 63.4 65.5 73.2 76.3 79.1 79.3 78.9 79.5 80.1 81.5 83.3 84.1 84.5 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate 60.9 55.1 54.6 60.1 61.6 63.5 63.3 62.8 63.3 64.0 65.2 66.6 67.2 67.6 (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.2 7.1 6.9 5.4 4.6 4.5 6.0 7.4 6.9 6.0 4.9 3.8 3.5 3.6 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.3 6.6 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.5 2.2 1.7 -0.2 1.2 1.1 2.2 2.7 2.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 6.1 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.8 -0.4 0.7 -0.5 0.2 0.2 1.17.3 Nominal unit labour costs 7.2 4.9 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.1 1.7 0.1 -1.2 0.5 0.5 2.1 2.4 1.97.4 Real unit labour costs 1.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.7 0.5 0.7 -0.1 -1.9 0.0 -0.7 -0.1 0.1 0.37.5 GDP deflator 5.9 5.6 1.4 2.1 2.7 1.6 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.5 1.2 2.2 2.4 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 5.0 5.6 1.7 2.0 2.4 1.4 1.8 0.9 0.2 0.6 1.6 2.0 2.5 1.77.7 Terms of trade 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1 1.1 0.6 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 44.5 43.3 44.8 46.7 45.7 44.6 43.6 42.5 42.2 42.6 42.88.2 Total revenue : : : 43.8 41.7 42.7 42.9 43.6 42.6 43.6 43.7 43.6 44.0 43.68.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -0.7 -1.6 -2.0 -3.8 -2.2 -2.0 0.0 1.2 1.5 1.4 0.88.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -1.0 -1.0 -1.9 -2.3 -0.7 -0.9 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.28.5 Debt (end of period) : 66.5 72.6 52.1 49.8 59.3 67.7 67.9 64.6 61.9 57.0 52.4 49.1 46.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.9 9.4 7.2 5.3 4.3 3.8 2.3 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.6 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.1 7.7 6.7 3.4 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.8 1.7 0.5 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.9 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.0 3.7 5.7 3.1 1.6 2.1 1.3 1.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -1.6 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -1.0 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.9 -2.7 2.1 1.2 2.1 -0.7 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 95.6 101.0 101.8 99.2 100.3 96.9 98.2 98.7 100.2 99.9 99.3 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


180


93. Austria(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 4.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.61.2 Government consumption 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.0 2.2 0.3 0.8 0.8 1.8 1.5 0.2 0.9 0.71.3 Gross fixed capital formation 6.5 0.8 3.5 3.1 0.2 -0.6 3.0 -0.4 2.3 4.3 3.9 3.3 2.0 1.61.4 of which equipment 5.5 2.1 2.9 4.7 -0.5 -0.6 3.6 -1.4 3.9 10.6 4.6 3.3 2.1 1.51.5 of which construction 7.2 -0.2 3.7 0.9 -0.4 -2.3 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 3.5 2.8 1.9 1.41.6 Exports of goods and services 8.6 5.7 4.1 8.6 5.1 2.8 2.6 2.9 3.5 2.7 4.7 4.4 2.8 3.21.7 Imports of goods and services 8.6 4.4 4.4 6.3 4.5 2.2 2.5 3.0 3.6 3.4 5.1 2.8 2.9 2.81.8 GDP 4.9 2.3 2.6 3.0 1.8 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.1 2.0 2.6 2.7 1.5 1.6


2.1 Consumption 3.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.02.2 Investment 1.7 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.0 -0.1 0.7 -0.1 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 4.9 2.1 2.8 2.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.1 2.1 2.4 1.7 1.5 1.32.5 Exports 2.3 1.8 1.4 3.2 2.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.4 2.4 2.4 1.5 1.72.6 Final demand 7.2 3.9 4.2 5.5 3.6 2.4 2.3 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.8 4.0 3.0 3.12.7 Imports -2.3 -1.5 -1.6 -2.4 -1.9 -1.0 -1.2 -1.5 -1.8 -1.7 -2.5 -1.4 -1.5 -1.42.8 Net exports 0.0 0.3 -0.2 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.9 0.0 0.3


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 22.5 23.2 25.5 23.9 23.5 22.6 24.9 24.4 24.4 24.3 24.43.2 Net savings of households : : : 6.8 5.8 6.8 4.6 4.2 3.8 4.4 3.8 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.6 2.4 1.3 1.8 2.5 3.1 2.0 3.0 3.7 3.8 3.83.4 National savings 28.5 23.4 22.9 24.1 25.6 26.9 25.8 26.0 25.7 26.9 27.4 28.0 28.1 28.23.5 Gross capital formation 29.7 27.1 25.8 26.1 24.2 23.6 23.9 23.5 23.8 24.3 25.1 25.3 25.5 25.43.6 Current account 0.1 -2.5 -1.7 -2.1 1.3 3.2 2.0 2.5 1.9 2.6 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : 85.8 84.5 84.5 84.3 84.0 84.3 86.7 88.5 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 1.1 -0.2 -1.7 -1.9 -1.3 -0.3 0.8 0.7 0.74.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 -1.2 -1.3 -0.8 0.1 1.0 0.7 0.44.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 96.6 106.9 115.3 123.7 126.9 115.3 110.0 112.8 112.8 114.6 115.6 114.6 115.0

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.3 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.55.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.4 3.5 2.4 1.9 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.7 1.25.4 Labour productivity growth 4.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 0.2 0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.15.5 Total factor productivity growth 3.1 0.7 1.1 1.3 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 0.2 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.6


6.1 Employment 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.0 0.56.2 Activity rate : : : 71.7 72.5 75.3 76.5 76.9 76.4 76.8 77.3 77.2 77.4 77.46.3 Employment rate 71.8 70.4 67.7 68.4 69.1 72.0 73.6 74.0 73.7 74.0 74.9 75.6 75.9 75.9 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.3 2.1 3.7 4.4 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.6 5.7 6.0 5.5 4.9 4.7 4.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.4 7.6 4.6 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.4 1.5 2.5 2.6 2.57.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.1 1.8 2.2 0.7 0.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 1.0 -0.3 0.5 0.8 0.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.3 5.3 2.5 -0.2 0.7 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.4 1.6 0.6 1.5 2.1 1.47.4 Real unit labour costs -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -1.1 -1.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.7 0.2 -0.6 -0.1 0.1 -0.57.5 GDP deflator 4.6 5.5 2.7 0.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.4 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.97.6 Private consumption deflator 4.1 5.7 2.4 1.1 1.8 1.8 2.6 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.87.7 Terms of trade 0.3 -1.0 0.1 -0.9 0.1 -0.5 -0.7 1.0 1.1 0.6 -0.9 -0.6 0.2 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 52.6 51.7 51.3 51.3 52.4 51.1 50.3 49.2 48.5 48.0 47.78.2 Total revenue : : : 49.7 49.5 48.3 49.0 49.7 50.1 48.7 48.4 48.6 48.4 47.98.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -3.0 -2.2 -3.0 -2.2 -2.7 -1.0 -1.6 -0.8 0.1 0.3 0.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -3.1 -2.0 -3.1 -2.1 -2.1 -0.3 -1.1 -0.8 -0.5 -0.1 0.08.5 Debt (end of period) 16.7 48.1 68.3 66.1 68.6 82.7 81.3 84.0 84.7 83.0 78.2 73.8 69.7 66.8


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 8.9 7.4 5.4 4.3 3.9 2.6 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.7 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 7.1 6.5 3.6 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : 1.8 0.9 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.0 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 3.2 4.6 4.5 2.6 2.1 0.7 -0.7 -1.4 -1.0 -0.7 -0.9 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.1 1.6 -2.0 1.6 0.7 2.2 -0.7 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 103.7 101.9 101.9 99.9 102.3 99.9 101.7 102.7 104.9 103.9 103.7 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


181


94. Portugal(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 5.7 2.8 5.0 4.1 1.2 1.1 -3.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.91.2 Government consumption 8.3 6.0 4.7 4.0 2.7 0.4 -3.0 -0.5 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 9.1 -0.3 5.9 8.2 -1.9 -1.2 -11.5 2.3 5.8 2.3 9.2 4.4 4.6 5.01.4 of which equipment 11.8 0.2 8.5 12.0 -1.9 1.7 -11.8 13.3 10.4 7.5 13.5 6.1 6.3 8.51.5 of which construction 7.0 -0.5 3.2 6.9 -2.5 -4.1 -14.3 -3.7 5.1 -1.5 8.3 3.1 3.6 3.71.6 Exports of goods and services 9.7 6.3 8.8 6.7 2.7 3.4 5.8 4.3 6.1 4.4 7.8 3.6 3.2 3.51.7 Imports of goods and services 11.4 3.0 12.8 9.1 2.0 2.4 -2.6 7.8 8.5 4.7 8.1 4.9 4.9 4.61.8 GDP 6.4 2.5 4.0 4.1 0.9 0.6 -2.3 0.9 1.8 1.9 2.8 2.1 1.7 1.7


2.1 Consumption 4.9 2.7 4.1 3.3 1.3 0.8 -2.9 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.32.2 Investment 2.3 -0.1 1.7 2.1 -0.5 -0.3 -2.1 0.3 0.9 0.4 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.92.3 Stockbuilding 0.5 -0.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 7.6 2.2 6.4 5.5 0.8 0.5 -5.2 2.1 2.7 2.0 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.22.5 Exports 1.7 1.3 2.4 1.8 0.7 1.0 2.0 1.7 2.5 1.8 3.1 1.6 1.4 1.62.6 Final demand 9.3 3.5 8.8 7.2 1.6 1.5 -3.3 3.9 5.2 3.8 6.1 4.3 3.8 3.82.7 Imports -2.8 -1.0 -4.8 -3.2 -0.7 -0.9 0.9 -3.0 -3.4 -1.9 -3.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.02.8 Net exports -1.2 0.3 -2.4 -1.4 0.0 0.1 2.9 -1.3 -0.9 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 -0.7 -0.5


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 18.9 17.2 14.2 17.8 17.0 15.9 16.5 16.1 14.4 14.8 15.13.2 Net savings of households : : : 2.8 2.0 0.3 -0.4 -2.1 -2.0 -2.4 -2.6 -2.6 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 0.8 -1.1 -2.6 -3.7 -2.0 -0.9 -0.6 1.0 2.3 2.3 2.53.4 National savings 25.0 23.9 22.3 19.7 16.0 11.6 14.1 15.0 14.9 15.9 17.1 16.7 17.1 17.63.5 Gross capital formation 27.2 32.2 27.5 27.4 25.1 22.3 16.3 15.3 15.8 15.7 16.9 17.6 18.1 18.63.6 Current account -2.7 -8.8 -5.6 -7.7 -9.1 -10.7 -2.2 -0.3 -0.9 0.1 0.2 -0.9 -1.0 -1.1


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 80.7 84.2 83.2 80.3 76.6 78.3 80.3 80.1 80.5 81.5 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.6 1.8 -2.4 -3.9 -2.7 -1.7 0.0 0.8 1.1 1.44.3 Potential GDP gap : -2.6 0.1 1.6 -0.2 -0.1 -3.1 -3.2 -1.8 -0.7 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.44.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 78.6 199.4 193.3 182.0 188.2 188.0 207.0 223.3 231.7 234.2 234.7 238.1 244.3

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.8 4.8 4.1 4.4 3.2 1.8 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.55.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 2.4 5.2 3.8 2.2 3.2 2.5 2.6 -2.2 -2.0 -2.2 -3.4 -2.4 -0.9 -0.35.4 Labour productivity growth 6.1 2.9 3.7 1.9 0.9 1.3 0.7 -0.5 0.4 0.3 -0.5 -0.2 0.5 0.95.5 Total factor productivity growth 5.1 1.0 2.3 1.1 -0.3 0.4 -0.3 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.0


6.1 Employment 0.3 -0.4 0.3 2.2 0.0 -0.7 -3.0 1.4 1.4 1.6 3.3 2.3 1.1 0.86.2 Activity rate : : : 75.3 78.3 79.4 78.3 77.6 77.7 78.1 79.4 79.8 80.2 80.66.3 Employment rate : : : 70.5 73.0 71.8 66.8 66.8 68.1 69.6 72.4 74.3 75.4 76.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 2.5 7.3 6.8 6.4 7.1 9.9 15.0 14.1 12.6 11.2 9.0 7.0 6.2 5.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.5 21.6 14.3 5.8 3.8 2.5 -0.5 -1.8 0.4 1.7 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.37.2 Real wages per head (b) 7.3 1.3 4.8 2.8 0.3 0.6 -1.9 -2.1 -0.5 0.7 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.1 18.1 10.2 3.8 2.9 1.2 -1.1 -1.3 0.0 1.4 2.1 2.2 1.6 1.47.4 Real unit labour costs 0.8 -1.7 0.1 0.4 -0.5 -0.7 -1.7 -2.0 -2.0 -0.3 0.5 0.8 0.3 -0.27.5 GDP deflator 4.2 20.1 10.0 3.4 3.4 1.9 0.5 0.8 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 3.8 20.0 9.0 2.9 3.4 1.9 1.4 0.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.67.7 Terms of trade 1.2 -2.0 3.0 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.2 3.2 1.7 -0.7 -0.4 0.2 0.2




9.1 Long-term interest rate : : 13.5 6.0 4.4 4.5 9.0 3.8 2.4 3.2 3.1 1.8 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 14.7 14.1 5.0 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : -0.6 1.1 1.5 1.7 8.3 3.5 2.4 3.4 3.4 2.2 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : : 3.2 2.6 0.9 2.5 8.5 3.0 0.4 1.4 1.5 0.4 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.9 1.4 0.3 0.1 0.8 -2.7 1.8 1.0 1.9 -0.7 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 94.0 99.3 102.5 99.7 98.9 96.0 97.6 98.3 99.1 97.6 97.2 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


182


95. Slovenia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 6.4 2.4 0.9 1.3 0.0 -2.4 -4.1 1.9 2.3 3.9 1.9 2.2 2.5 3.21.2 Government consumption 1.9 4.9 2.4 -0.5 -0.7 -2.2 -2.1 -1.2 2.4 2.7 0.5 2.6 2.5 2.21.3 Gross fixed capital formation 12.0 7.0 -22.0 -13.3 -4.9 -8.8 3.2 1.0 -1.6 -3.7 10.7 10.6 7.5 7.41.4 of which equipment 7.4 2.6 -30.8 -8.1 13.7 -12.2 12.6 -8.5 3.9 7.3 12.1 8.3 6.5 5.81.5 of which construction 16.4 10.7 -20.5 -20.5 -18.2 -6.5 -4.6 9.8 -5.5 -13.6 9.8 15.0 9.3 9.71.6 Exports of goods and services 13.6 4.2 -16.6 10.2 6.9 0.6 3.1 5.7 5.0 6.4 10.7 7.2 5.4 5.61.7 Imports of goods and services 16.8 3.8 -18.8 6.8 5.0 -3.7 2.1 4.1 4.7 6.6 10.3 7.7 6.2 7.21.8 GDP 6.9 3.3 -7.8 1.2 0.6 -2.7 -1.1 3.0 2.3 3.1 4.9 4.5 3.1 2.8


2.1 Consumption 3.6 2.1 0.9 0.6 -0.2 -1.8 -2.7 0.8 1.7 2.6 1.1 1.6 1.7 2.02.2 Investment 3.3 2.0 -6.5 -3.2 -1.1 -1.8 0.6 0.2 -0.3 -0.7 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.52.3 Stockbuilding 2.0 -1.0 -4.0 1.9 0.6 -2.0 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 9.0 3.1 -9.7 -0.8 -0.6 -5.6 -1.9 1.6 1.7 2.6 3.6 4.2 3.2 3.52.5 Exports 8.8 2.8 -11.0 5.8 4.4 0.4 2.2 4.2 3.8 5.0 8.4 6.0 4.6 4.92.6 Final demand 17.8 6.0 -20.6 5.0 3.8 -5.2 0.3 5.8 5.5 7.6 11.9 10.1 7.8 8.42.7 Imports -10.9 -2.7 12.8 -3.8 -3.1 2.5 -1.4 -2.9 -3.2 -4.5 -7.0 -5.7 -4.7 -5.62.8 Net exports -2.0 0.2 1.9 2.0 1.3 3.0 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.5 1.3 0.3 -0.1 -0.8


3.1 Private sector savings 23.6 23.4 23.1 22.2 22.7 20.5 22.9 24.9 22.6 22.9 24.0 24.8 24.9 24.93.2 Net savings of households 5.2 5.4 4.4 3.5 3.0 1.2 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.9 3.4 4.3 : 3.3 General government savings 4.9 3.8 -0.7 -0.8 -1.4 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 1.2 1.3 3.3 4.4 4.6 4.93.4 National savings 28.5 27.3 22.4 21.5 21.3 20.4 22.7 25.4 23.8 24.2 27.3 29.1 29.5 29.73.5 Gross capital formation 32.9 32.7 23.4 22.2 21.7 18.7 19.5 19.6 19.3 18.7 20.2 21.9 22.8 23.73.6 Current account -4.3 -5.4 -0.9 -0.8 -0.4 1.7 3.2 5.8 4.5 5.4 7.1 7.3 6.7 6.1


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 85.7 83.8 71.3 76.3 79.8 78.8 78.3 80.3 83.3 83.6 85.1 85.3 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 8.1 9.8 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 -3.9 -6.1 -4.6 -4.0 -3.0 -0.4 1.8 2.5 3.04.3 Potential GDP gap 7.0 6.6 -3.4 -3.1 -2.8 -5.4 -6.7 -4.6 -3.3 -1.6 1.3 3.3 3.4 2.84.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 6.0 6.4 2.3 0.6 0.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.6 -0.8 -1.3 -0.6 0.3 1.1 1.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 2.6 3.7 4.1 2.8 1.8 0.0 0.5 -1.0 -2.1 -3.0 -3.4 -2.6 -1.2 -0.45.4 Labour productivity growth 3.5 0.7 -6.1 3.4 2.4 -1.8 0.0 2.5 1.0 1.2 1.9 1.5 0.8 0.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.5 -0.7 -7.6 2.3 1.7 -1.8 -0.2 2.9 1.8 2.4 3.3 2.5 1.3 0.8


6.1 Employment 3.4 2.6 -1.8 -2.1 -1.7 -0.9 -1.1 0.4 1.3 1.8 2.9 3.0 2.3 2.16.2 Activity rate 72.5 73.7 73.4 72.9 72.5 72.8 73.4 74.0 75.0 76.2 78.1 80.2 82.5 84.96.3 Employment rate 68.9 70.5 69.1 67.6 66.6 66.5 66.2 67.0 68.5 70.4 73.2 76.2 78.8 81.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.9 4.4 5.9 7.3 8.2 8.9 10.1 9.7 9.0 8.0 6.6 5.1 4.8 4.6 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 6.2 7.2 1.8 4.0 1.5 -1.0 0.5 1.3 1.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.8 3.77.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.0 1.5 1.0 2.6 -0.2 -2.7 -1.6 1.3 1.9 3.6 1.4 1.5 2.5 1.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 2.6 6.4 8.5 0.6 -0.8 0.8 0.5 -1.2 0.3 1.8 1.3 2.5 3.9 3.17.4 Real unit labour costs -1.5 1.8 5.0 1.6 -1.9 0.3 -1.1 -2.0 -0.7 1.0 -0.3 0.2 1.5 0.27.5 GDP deflator 4.2 4.5 3.4 -1.0 1.1 0.5 1.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.6 2.3 2.4 2.97.6 Private consumption deflator 4.1 5.6 0.9 1.4 1.8 1.7 2.1 -0.1 -0.6 -0.5 1.7 2.4 2.2 2.47.7 Terms of trade 0.9 -1.3 3.5 -4.0 -1.4 -1.1 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.9 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.4


8.1 Total expenditure 42.2 43.9 48.2 49.3 50.0 48.5 59.5 49.9 47.7 45.3 43.2 42.4 42.5 42.18.2 Total revenue 42.1 42.5 42.4 43.6 43.3 44.5 44.8 44.4 44.9 43.4 43.2 43.1 43.2 43.08.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -0.1 -1.4 -5.8 -5.6 -6.7 -4.0 -14.7 -5.5 -2.8 -1.9 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.98.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -3.3 -4.5 -4.2 -4.2 -5.4 -1.5 -11.5 -3.4 -1.3 -1.2 -0.6 -0.8 -0.9 -0.48.5 Debt (end of period) 22.8 21.8 34.6 38.4 46.6 53.8 70.4 80.4 82.6 78.7 74.1 70.1 65.9 61.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.5 4.6 4.4 3.8 5.0 5.8 5.8 3.3 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.3 4.6 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.3 0.0 3.2 3.0 3.6 5.2 5.6 3.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.3 0.1 1.0 4.9 3.8 5.3 4.1 2.5 0.7 0.4 -0.6 -1.3 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 0.5 0.8 3.4 -2.4 0.5 -1.1 1.6 2.2 0.2 1.7 0.1 2.2 -0.2 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 98.8 100.3 102.7 100.0 99.2 98.0 99.3 100.4 98.3 98.8 98.4 100.3 99.6 99.6 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


183


96. Slovakia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 7.5 6.0 -0.5 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.8 1.4 2.2 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.2 2.91.2 Government consumption 0.3 6.5 6.2 1.7 -1.8 -2.1 2.2 5.2 5.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.5 2.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 8.9 1.6 -18.7 7.2 12.7 -9.0 -0.9 3.0 21.9 -9.4 3.4 6.8 2.6 2.81.4 of which equipment 4.3 11.1 -22.5 11.9 34.5 -10.9 -9.4 20.3 16.9 -1.3 -1.4 5.2 2.4 2.21.5 of which construction 5.0 -3.7 -12.9 -7.7 5.5 -8.2 4.7 -7.2 29.0 -17.5 10.2 7.7 3.5 3.41.6 Exports of goods and services 14.6 3.0 -16.8 15.7 12.0 9.3 6.7 3.9 6.0 5.5 5.9 4.8 6.1 5.51.7 Imports of goods and services 9.4 3.6 -18.8 14.7 9.6 2.5 5.6 4.8 8.0 3.4 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.01.8 GDP 10.8 5.6 -5.4 5.0 2.8 1.7 1.5 2.8 4.2 3.1 3.2 4.1 3.8 3.4


2.1 Consumption 4.3 4.5 0.8 0.6 -0.7 -0.6 -0.1 1.7 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.12.2 Investment 2.4 0.4 -4.8 1.6 2.8 -2.2 -0.2 0.6 4.5 -2.3 0.7 1.5 0.6 0.62.3 Stockbuilding 0.3 1.2 -3.6 2.4 -1.0 -1.3 0.6 1.0 -1.0 1.5 -0.5 0.5 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 7.0 6.1 -7.6 4.6 1.2 -4.1 0.3 3.4 5.8 1.1 2.5 4.0 2.8 2.72.5 Exports 11.8 2.5 -13.4 10.6 9.2 7.9 6.1 3.6 5.5 5.1 5.5 4.7 5.9 5.52.6 Final demand 18.8 8.6 -21.0 15.2 10.3 3.8 6.4 7.0 11.3 6.2 8.0 8.7 8.7 8.12.7 Imports -8.0 -3.0 15.6 -10.2 -7.5 -2.2 -4.9 -4.3 -7.1 -3.1 -4.8 -5.0 -4.9 -4.82.8 Net exports 3.8 -0.5 2.1 0.5 1.7 5.7 1.2 -0.6 -1.6 2.0 0.7 -0.3 1.0 0.7


3.1 Private sector savings 21.5 20.6 20.8 23.3 20.5 22.8 22.6 22.7 20.1 20.8 20.0 20.5 20.4 20.73.2 Net savings of households 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 : : 3.3 General government savings 1.3 1.5 -3.0 -3.9 -1.0 -1.4 -0.1 0.3 2.1 1.0 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.43.4 National savings 22.9 22.1 17.7 19.3 19.5 21.3 22.5 23.0 22.3 21.8 22.3 22.9 23.0 23.13.5 Gross capital formation 28.5 28.7 21.1 24.0 25.0 20.9 21.0 22.0 24.5 23.0 22.5 23.6 23.1 22.83.6 Current account -5.6 -6.6 -3.4 -4.7 -5.5 0.4 1.5 1.0 -2.3 -1.2 -0.2 -1.1 -0.5 -0.1


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 86.5 83.4 68.1 76.1 78.3 77.5 77.1 80.6 82.3 84.5 84.9 85.6 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 8.2 9.6 -0.2 1.2 0.7 -0.7 -2.2 -2.4 -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -0.2 0.4 0.74.3 Potential GDP gap 6.4 6.4 -2.6 -1.1 -1.9 -2.7 -3.3 -2.5 -1.2 -0.3 0.4 1.5 2.1 2.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 5.1 4.5 0.9 1.3 2.4 0.6 0.0 0.1 2.6 0.9 1.2 2.0 2.1 2.25.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.55.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.0 1.2 2.9 2.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 -1.3 0.6 -1.5 -1.0 0.0 1.3 1.85.4 Labour productivity growth 8.5 2.3 -3.5 6.7 1.0 1.6 2.3 1.3 2.2 0.7 1.0 2.1 3.0 3.05.5 Total factor productivity growth 6.8 1.7 -5.1 5.0 0.7 1.3 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.1 2.3 2.0


6.1 Employment 2.1 3.2 -2.0 -1.5 1.8 0.1 -0.8 1.4 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.0 0.8 0.46.2 Activity rate 68.6 69.3 69.2 69.6 69.0 69.8 70.3 70.8 71.6 72.7 73.2 73.5 74.0 74.66.3 Employment rate 61.0 62.8 60.9 59.7 59.6 60.1 60.3 61.5 63.4 65.7 67.2 68.7 69.6 70.4 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 11.2 9.6 12.1 14.5 13.7 14.0 14.2 13.2 11.5 9.7 8.1 6.5 5.9 5.6 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.7 6.6 2.6 5.4 2.0 2.6 2.6 1.8 3.5 2.1 5.2 5.4 6.8 6.77.2 Real wages per head (b) 6.0 2.0 2.5 4.4 -1.8 -0.8 1.2 1.9 3.6 2.4 3.7 3.1 4.2 4.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 0.2 4.2 6.3 -1.1 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 1.3 1.3 4.2 3.3 3.7 3.67.4 Real unit labour costs -1.0 1.3 7.6 -1.6 -0.7 -0.3 -0.2 0.7 1.4 1.8 2.9 1.2 1.1 1.17.5 GDP deflator 1.1 2.8 -1.2 0.5 1.6 1.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 1.2 2.1 2.6 2.57.6 Private consumption deflator 2.6 4.5 0.1 1.0 3.9 3.4 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 1.4 2.3 2.5 2.47.7 Terms of trade -1.1 -1.6 -1.1 -0.6 -1.3 -1.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2


8.1 Total expenditure 36.3 36.9 44.1 42.1 40.8 40.6 41.4 42.0 45.1 41.5 40.2 40.6 40.4 40.28.2 Total revenue 34.4 34.5 36.3 34.7 36.5 36.3 38.7 39.3 42.5 39.2 39.4 39.9 39.9 39.78.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -1.9 -2.4 -7.8 -7.5 -4.3 -4.3 -2.7 -2.7 -2.6 -2.2 -0.8 -0.7 -0.5 -0.68.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -4.4 -4.9 -6.8 -7.1 -3.6 -3.3 -1.5 -1.7 -2.1 -2.1 -0.9 -1.3 -1.3 -1.48.5 Debt (end of period) 30.1 28.5 36.3 41.2 43.7 52.2 54.7 53.5 52.2 51.8 50.9 48.9 47.3 46.0


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.5 4.7 4.7 3.9 4.5 4.6 3.2 2.1 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.3 4.2 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.2 0.6 3.5 3.1 3.1 4.0 3.0 1.9 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.2 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 3.3 1.8 5.9 3.4 2.8 3.2 2.7 2.2 1.1 1.0 -0.3 -1.2 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 10.6 8.8 7.7 -2.7 0.3 -0.8 1.4 1.6 -0.8 1.9 0.4 1.7 -0.3 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 90.2 97.7 104.4 100.0 101.0 101.1 102.1 102.3 99.9 100.5 100.3 102.4 102.4 102.6 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


184


97. Finland(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 5.2 2.8 1.5 3.5 3.3 2.0 0.9 0.8 1.5 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.41.2 Government consumption 5.4 4.1 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.1 0.5 -0.5 0.2 1.8 -0.4 1.4 1.2 0.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.8 2.3 -0.9 8.4 1.9 -0.2 -1.0 -2.6 0.7 8.6 4.3 3.2 1.6 1.31.4 of which equipment 4.6 3.5 -0.7 5.6 1.1 -2.0 3.9 -1.6 3.6 13.7 6.1 1.6 1.8 0.61.5 of which construction 5.1 0.9 -2.8 9.2 2.0 0.0 -1.4 -3.8 2.0 10.1 5.8 4.2 1.4 1.31.6 Exports of goods and services 7.2 4.5 5.2 11.2 3.8 1.7 1.4 -2.7 0.8 3.5 7.7 1.5 3.2 3.41.7 Imports of goods and services 7.3 2.8 3.9 9.3 5.8 1.8 2.7 -1.3 2.7 5.4 3.8 4.2 2.2 3.21.8 GDP 5.0 3.1 1.5 5.1 2.6 0.8 0.1 -0.6 0.5 2.8 2.7 2.3 1.6 1.2


2.1 Consumption 3.7 2.3 1.1 2.2 2.0 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.9 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.82.2 Investment 1.4 0.6 -0.2 1.8 0.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 0.1 1.7 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.4 2.8 1.2 4.0 2.6 0.9 0.6 -0.1 1.2 3.3 1.8 2.3 1.3 1.12.5 Exports 1.3 1.3 1.5 4.2 1.5 0.8 0.6 -1.1 0.3 1.3 2.8 0.6 1.2 1.32.6 Final demand 6.6 4.3 2.7 8.1 4.1 1.7 1.1 -1.1 1.5 4.5 4.5 2.8 2.5 2.42.7 Imports -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -2.7 -1.8 -0.7 -1.0 0.5 -1.0 -2.0 -1.4 -1.6 -0.9 -1.32.8 Net exports 0.0 0.6 0.4 1.4 -0.3 0.1 -0.5 -0.5 -0.7 -0.7 1.4 -1.0 0.4 0.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : 17.8 21.6 22.2 21.3 18.7 18.6 19.0 19.0 19.2 19.3 19.3 19.23.2 Net savings of households : : 2.1 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.8 -0.9 0.0 : : 3.3 General government savings : : 4.8 5.5 6.9 5.2 2.0 1.0 1.1 2.2 3.0 3.2 3.6 3.83.4 National savings 26.3 27.4 22.7 27.1 29.1 26.4 20.7 19.6 20.2 21.3 22.1 22.5 22.8 23.03.5 Gross capital formation 28.4 29.3 24.8 22.3 23.0 23.5 22.5 20.9 20.9 22.1 22.6 23.7 23.6 23.63.6 Current account -1.5 -2.2 -2.2 5.5 6.0 2.9 -1.7 -1.3 -0.7 -0.8 -0.3 -1.9 -1.5 -1.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : 85.6 83.3 80.2 79.1 78.9 79.2 78.0 82.3 83.8 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.8 2.3 -0.8 -3.4 -3.7 -1.9 -0.4 0.7 1.1 0.94.3 Potential GDP gap : -1.7 -0.9 1.0 -0.3 0.3 -1.6 -3.5 -3.4 -1.7 -0.3 0.7 0.9 0.84.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 80.7 83.8 137.0 151.0 133.4 115.5 114.3 119.3 125.4 137.0 139.0 134.9 132.6

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 5.2 3.7 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.55.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.8 3.3 3.7 -0.6 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.1 -1.1 0.7 0.95.4 Labour productivity growth 4.5 2.7 3.2 2.7 1.6 0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0.6 2.3 1.5 -0.3 0.8 0.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.6 1.4 1.8 3.0 1.3 -0.2 -0.6 -0.5 0.4 2.1 1.4 0.1 0.5 0.2


6.1 Employment 0.4 0.4 -1.7 2.3 1.0 0.6 0.5 -0.5 -0.1 0.5 1.2 2.7 0.9 0.66.2 Activity rate 76.6 76.1 74.6 72.4 74.6 76.5 77.6 78.5 79.3 79.5 80.5 81.5 81.5 81.56.3 Employment rate 75.2 72.4 68.1 63.8 67.9 70.8 71.6 71.8 72.0 72.6 73.7 75.6 76.2 76.6 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 4.8 8.7 11.7 8.9 7.5 7.9 8.7 9.4 8.8 8.6 7.4 6.7 6.2 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 11.1 13.1 6.0 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.6 1.0 1.4 1.1 -1.2 1.2 3.4 2.97.2 Real wages per head (b) 5.1 2.5 2.3 1.4 1.6 1.1 -0.3 -0.4 1.0 0.6 -1.8 -0.1 1.9 1.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 6.3 10.1 2.6 0.5 1.3 2.8 2.9 1.1 0.8 -1.2 -2.7 1.6 2.6 2.37.4 Real unit labour costs -0.4 -0.1 -1.2 -1.0 0.1 1.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.8 -1.4 -3.6 -0.4 1.1 0.47.5 GDP deflator 6.7 10.2 3.9 1.5 1.2 1.8 2.7 1.7 1.7 0.1 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.97.6 Private consumption deflator 5.7 10.4 3.6 1.8 1.3 2.0 2.8 1.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.3 1.4 1.67.7 Terms of trade 0.1 -1.1 0.9 -1.4 -1.0 -1.2 -0.7 1.3 3.2 0.2 -0.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : 53.9 53.4 48.8 50.6 56.0 58.1 57.0 55.9 54.2 53.1 52.8 52.68.2 Total revenue : : 53.5 54.5 52.0 52.2 54.1 54.9 54.3 54.2 53.4 52.5 52.5 52.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : -0.4 1.1 3.3 1.6 -1.9 -3.2 -2.8 -1.7 -0.8 -0.7 -0.4 -0.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : 0.1 0.6 3.4 1.4 -1.0 -1.2 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -1.1 -0.9 -0.68.5 Debt (end of period) 7.7 15.8 55.1 42.5 40.0 47.1 56.5 60.2 63.4 63.0 61.3 58.9 58.3 57.7


9.1 Long-term interest rate 8.0 11.2 10.8 5.6 4.3 3.8 2.3 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 12.2 10.3 3.6 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : -1.0 0.4 2.1 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.0 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.2 1.0 6.7 4.0 3.1 2.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.9 0.2 -0.4 -1.3 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 0.0 2.6 0.5 0.0 3.2 -1.0 2.3 0.7 3.4 -0.8 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 101.7 103.7 102.3 99.0 102.4 99.3 100.5 100.0 102.3 100.6 99.9 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


185


98. EA-19(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 1.8 0.3 -1.1 0.8 0.0 -1.2 -0.6 0.9 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.51.2 Government consumption 2.2 2.4 2.4 0.8 -0.1 -0.3 0.4 0.7 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.3 -1.1 -11.2 -0.4 1.5 -3.4 -2.3 1.7 4.9 4.0 2.6 3.3 2.3 2.31.4 of which equipment 8.5 0.7 -18.7 5.0 3.9 -4.7 -2.9 4.6 5.6 5.8 5.0 4.4 : 1.5 of which construction 2.8 -2.7 -9.8 -3.9 -0.3 -4.6 -3.5 -0.5 0.4 2.7 3.9 3.2 2.4 2.11.6 Exports of goods and services 7.1 0.9 -12.3 11.2 6.6 2.4 2.2 4.7 6.6 3.0 5.2 3.2 2.3 3.01.7 Imports of goods and services 6.9 0.4 -11.2 9.8 4.4 -1.2 1.5 4.9 7.6 4.2 3.9 3.2 2.8 3.31.8 GDP 3.1 0.5 -4.5 2.1 1.6 -0.9 -0.2 1.4 2.1 2.0 2.4 1.9 1.2 1.5


2.1 Consumption 1.4 0.7 -0.1 0.6 0.0 -0.7 -0.3 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.12.2 Investment 1.2 -0.3 -2.6 -0.1 0.3 -0.7 -0.5 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.52.3 Stockbuilding 0.3 -0.1 -1.2 0.9 0.4 -0.9 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.02.4 Domestic demand 2.9 0.3 -3.9 1.4 0.7 -2.3 -0.6 1.3 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.62.5 Exports 2.7 0.3 -4.9 3.9 2.6 1.0 0.9 2.1 2.9 1.4 2.4 1.5 1.1 1.52.6 Final demand 5.6 0.6 -8.8 5.3 3.2 -1.3 0.4 3.4 5.2 3.7 4.0 3.2 2.4 3.02.7 Imports -2.6 -0.2 4.4 -3.3 -1.7 0.5 -0.6 -2.0 -3.1 -1.7 -1.6 -1.3 -1.2 -1.52.8 Net exports 0.2 0.2 -0.5 0.6 0.9 1.5 0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 0.2 -0.2 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings 21.0 20.9 22.5 22.9 22.6 21.8 21.7 22.0 22.3 22.7 22.4 22.4 22.8 22.93.2 Net savings of households 3.7 3.9 4.8 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.9 : : 3.3 General government savings 3.3 2.1 -1.6 -1.3 -0.3 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.43.4 National savings 24.2 23.0 20.9 21.5 22.3 22.2 22.4 22.9 23.7 24.2 24.8 25.2 25.1 25.23.5 Gross capital formation 24.0 23.6 20.4 21.0 21.5 20.0 19.6 19.9 20.3 20.8 20.9 21.5 21.8 22.03.6 Current account 0.2 -0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 2.2 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 84.5 83.0 71.6 76.7 80.6 79.2 78.9 80.4 81.1 81.6 83.0 83.8 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 3.9 3.4 -2.0 -0.7 0.2 -1.5 -2.5 -2.2 -1.2 -0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.74.3 Potential GDP gap 2.7 1.7 -3.5 -2.2 -1.2 -2.3 -3.1 -2.6 -1.8 -1.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.54.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.4 2.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.25.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.05.3 Growth of capital intensity 0.6 1.4 3.2 1.8 1.0 1.5 1.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.4 0.3 0.55.4 Labour productivity growth 1.2 -0.3 -2.5 2.8 1.6 -0.1 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.85.5 Total factor productivity growth 1.0 -0.9 -3.9 2.1 1.2 -0.7 0.0 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.6


6.1 Employment 1.9 0.8 -1.9 -0.6 0.0 -0.4 -0.8 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.76.2 Activity rate 74.3 74.8 74.9 74.9 75.1 76.1 76.0 76.3 76.5 76.9 77.5 77.9 78.3 78.56.3 Employment rate 69.0 69.4 68.0 67.6 67.8 67.8 67.3 67.8 68.6 69.6 70.8 71.8 72.5 73.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 7.5 7.6 9.6 10.2 10.2 11.4 12.0 11.6 10.9 10.0 9.1 8.2 7.7 7.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 2.6 3.5 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.27.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.3 0.7 2.6 0.6 -0.2 0.0 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.87.3 Nominal unit labour costs 1.5 3.8 4.5 -0.6 0.5 1.9 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.9 1.8 1.57.4 Real unit labour costs -1.0 1.7 3.5 -1.3 -0.5 0.6 -0.1 -0.4 -1.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.4 0.1 -0.27.5 GDP deflator 2.4 2.0 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 2.3 2.7 -0.7 1.6 2.3 1.9 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.47.7 Terms of trade : : : : : : : : : : : : :




9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.3 4.3 3.9 3.6 4.3 3.8 3.0 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.3 4.6 1.3 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.0 -0.3 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.7 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.8 2.2 2.9 3.0 3.3 2.5 1.7 1.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.3 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 4.6 3.7 1.2 -7.7 0.3 -5.3 4.2 3.7 -5.8 2.0 1.6 6.1 -1.5 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 107.0 109.6 109.5 100.0 99.8 94.9 98.5 100.6 93.3 93.9 94.9 100.2 97.7 96.8 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (a) Manufacturing industry (b) Private consumption deflator (c) GDP deflator

186


99. EA-12(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 5.4 2.3 2.5 2.6 1.4 0.8 -0.6 0.9 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.51.2 Government consumption 5.1 3.4 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.9 0.0 0.7 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 6.0 0.1 2.8 4.2 1.3 -0.5 -1.5 1.7 4.8 4.1 2.5 3.3 2.2 2.21.4 of which equipment : 1.9 3.1 7.6 0.7 0.2 -1.5 4.6 5.4 5.8 5.0 4.5 1.7 2.31.5 of which construction : -0.9 2.5 1.8 1.2 -1.9 -2.9 -0.5 0.2 3.1 3.7 3.0 2.3 2.01.6 Exports of goods and services 8.8 4.5 5.4 8.5 3.9 2.6 3.5 4.8 6.6 2.9 5.1 3.1 2.2 3.01.7 Imports of goods and services 9.9 3.1 5.9 8.8 3.6 2.5 1.4 4.9 7.7 4.2 3.7 3.1 2.8 3.31.8 GDP 5.3 2.2 2.5 2.8 1.5 0.8 0.1 1.4 2.1 1.9 2.3 1.8 1.1 1.5


2.1 Consumption 3.9 1.9 : 1.3 1.2 0.8 -0.4 0.6 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.02.2 Investment 1.5 0.0 : 0.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.52.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.1 : 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.4 1.8 : 1.2 1.3 0.7 -0.8 1.3 2.2 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.52.5 Exports 1.6 1.1 : 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.4 2.1 2.9 1.3 2.3 1.4 1.0 1.42.6 Final demand 7.0 3.0 : 2.7 2.7 1.7 0.6 3.3 5.1 3.6 3.9 3.1 2.3 2.92.7 Imports -1.7 -0.7 : -1.1 -1.2 -0.9 -0.5 -2.0 -3.1 -1.7 -1.5 -1.3 -1.2 -1.42.8 Net exports -0.1 0.4 : 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 0.2 -0.2 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : 23.0 20.3 21.3 22.9 21.7 22.0 22.4 22.8 22.5 22.5 22.9 22.93.2 Net savings of households : : 7.2 4.6 4.6 4.4 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.3 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : -0.5 2.7 1.3 -1.3 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.33.4 National savings : : 22.5 23.0 22.6 21.6 22.4 23.0 23.7 24.3 24.9 25.2 25.2 25.33.5 Gross capital formation 27.2 24.0 : 22.3 22.1 22.4 20.4 19.9 20.3 20.8 20.9 21.5 21.7 22.03.6 Current account 0.5 -0.5 : 0.5 0.6 0.3 2.0 3.1 3.4 3.5 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (b) (c) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap (b) : -0.2 : -0.5 0.3 1.3 -1.3 -2.1 -1.2 -0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.64.3 Potential GDP gap (b) : -0.5 : 0.0 0.6 0.0 -2.2 -2.6 -1.8 -1.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.54.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) (a) 100.0 77.4 97.6 113.7 119.4 113.8 101.7 102.8 107.9 109.8 111.9 110.8 109.6 109.7

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) (a) 4.7 3.0 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.25.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) (b) 2.8 2.9 : 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.05.3 Growth of capital intensity (a) 4.4 2.9 1.7 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.4 0.3 0.45.4 Labour productivity growth (a) 5.1 2.0 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.75.5 Total factor productivity growth (a) 3.5 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.5


6.1 Employment (a) 0.3 0.1 0.8 1.6 1.1 0.4 -0.3 0.7 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.76.2 Activity rate (b) 62.8 61.8 : 66.5 69.4 71.8 72.8 73.4 73.6 74.2 74.6 75.0 75.3 75.56.3 Employment rate (b) 61.3 57.8 : 59.9 63.5 65.7 64.8 65.0 65.6 66.8 67.8 68.8 69.5 70.0 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate (b) : : : 10.0 8.6 8.6 11.1 11.6 10.9 10.1 9.2 8.3 7.8 7.4 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.3 11.1 5.0 2.1 2.5 2.4 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.5 2.1 1.9 2.27.2 Real wages per head (d) 5.6 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.87.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.1 9.1 3.3 0.9 1.8 2.0 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.8 1.7 1.47.4 Real unit labour costs 0.1 -0.5 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5 0.4 0.0 -0.4 -1.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.27.5 GDP deflator 5.0 9.4 4.0 1.5 2.2 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 4.5 9.8 3.8 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.7 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 48.2 47.1 48.0 49.8 49.3 48.4 47.7 47.2 47.0 47.2 46.98.2 Total revenue : : : 45.9 44.3 44.7 46.1 46.8 46.3 46.1 46.2 46.4 46.2 46.08.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.4 -2.7 -3.4 -3.6 -2.5 -2.1 -1.6 -1.0 -0.5 -0.9 -1.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -2.3 -3.1 -3.4 -2.5 -1.1 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 -0.8 -1.1 -1.28.5 Debt (end of period) : 49.9 : 68.6 69.9 85.9 95.0 95.2 93.1 92.2 90.0 88.0 86.8 85.3


9.1 Long-term interest rate (b) 6.9 11.6 : : 4.3 4.0 3.7 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate (b) 5.2 11.0 : 4.3 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) (b) 1.7 0.6 : 1.4 1.5 1.2 2.9 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (b) (e) 1.6 1.5 : 4.0 2.0 2.4 2.5 1.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate (a) : : 4.6 -2.9 5.3 2.0 0.0 0.7 -6.9 4.1 4.4 6.0 -1.2 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate (a) : : 100.7 93.0 92.1 101.4 97.7 98.2 91.0 93.9 97.0 101.5 99.1 97.9 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)

(a) 1961-91: including West-Germany (b) 1961-90: including West-Germany (c) Manufacturing industry (d) Private consumption deflator (e) GDP deflator

187


100. Bulgaria(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 12.6 3.4 -4.5 1.4 2.0 3.0 -2.5 2.7 4.5 3.6 4.5 6.4 4.0 3.81.2 Government consumption -1.1 1.8 -5.9 2.0 2.2 -2.0 0.6 0.2 1.3 2.2 3.7 4.7 3.0 2.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 13.1 22.0 -17.7 -17.7 -4.4 1.8 0.3 3.4 2.7 -6.6 3.2 6.5 6.8 5.21.4 of which equipment 29.9 3.8 -45.3 -11.4 26.7 -5.5 1.2 13.9 9.8 -14.9 4.3 7.1 9.4 7.51.5 of which construction -1.2 46.7 0.5 -21.7 -20.6 9.5 -0.5 -4.1 -3.8 -2.7 -3.2 6.1 4.5 2.91.6 Exports of goods and services 19.6 2.5 -11.7 11.0 12.6 2.0 9.6 3.1 5.7 8.1 5.8 -0.8 3.3 2.91.7 Imports of goods and services 22.6 4.9 -21.5 -0.9 9.9 5.5 4.3 5.2 5.4 4.5 7.5 3.7 5.0 3.31.8 GDP 7.3 6.0 -3.6 1.3 1.9 0.0 0.5 1.8 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.4


2.1 Consumption 8.2 2.6 -4.0 1.2 1.6 1.5 -1.5 1.7 3.0 2.6 3.3 4.6 3.0 2.82.2 Investment 3.6 6.2 -5.8 -4.9 -1.0 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.6 -1.4 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.02.3 Stockbuilding 0.8 -0.6 -3.2 -0.1 0.2 0.2 -1.1 0.7 -0.3 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 -0.12.4 Domestic demand 12.7 8.2 -13.0 -3.8 0.9 2.1 -2.6 3.2 3.3 1.6 4.6 5.9 4.3 3.72.5 Exports 9.3 1.3 -6.2 4.7 6.3 1.2 5.9 2.0 3.7 5.2 3.7 -0.5 2.1 1.82.6 Final demand 21.9 9.5 -19.1 0.9 7.2 3.3 3.3 5.2 7.1 6.8 8.3 5.4 6.5 5.52.7 Imports -14.6 -3.5 15.6 0.5 -5.3 -3.3 -2.8 -3.4 -3.6 -2.9 -4.5 -2.3 -3.2 -2.12.8 Net exports -5.3 -2.2 9.4 5.1 1.0 -2.1 3.1 -1.3 0.1 2.3 -0.8 -2.8 -1.1 -0.3


3.1 Private sector savings 2.1 8.6 20.5 21.5 21.6 19.8 21.3 21.1 20.5 21.1 23.0 19.1 19.0 18.73.2 Net savings of households -10.1 -4.0 0.6 -0.9 -0.1 -3.8 0.4 -0.7 -1.6 -1.1 -0.5 : : 3.3 General government savings 7.8 6.2 -0.1 0.4 0.5 2.0 1.8 0.8 1.3 3.4 3.2 4.1 3.9 4.23.4 National savings 9.9 14.8 20.4 21.9 22.1 21.8 23.1 21.9 21.8 24.5 26.3 23.2 22.8 22.93.5 Gross capital formation 33.6 37.0 28.6 22.6 21.5 21.9 21.1 21.5 21.2 19.1 20.1 20.7 21.2 21.33.6 Current account -23.8 -22.1 -8.2 -0.7 0.6 -0.1 2.0 0.4 0.6 5.3 6.2 2.5 1.6 1.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 73.2 71.7 64.2 65.0 68.0 67.2 67.2 70.9 73.5 74.2 75.1 77.0 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 8.0 10.5 3.2 1.7 1.0 -1.3 -3.1 -3.6 -2.7 -1.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.54.3 Potential GDP gap 3.6 4.4 -1.7 -0.9 0.4 -0.4 -1.2 -1.9 -1.6 -0.7 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 7.5 10.3 6.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.6 2.7 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.85.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.45.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.2 7.7 7.9 7.1 5.1 5.7 3.4 2.2 2.3 1.3 0.1 2.3 2.5 2.75.4 Labour productivity growth 4.0 3.6 -1.9 5.4 4.2 2.6 0.9 1.5 3.1 3.4 2.0 3.2 3.2 3.35.5 Total factor productivity growth 1.9 -0.2 -5.5 1.9 1.7 -0.2 -0.8 0.4 1.9 2.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9


6.1 Employment 3.2 2.4 -1.7 -3.9 -2.2 -2.5 -0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.8 -0.1 0.1 0.16.2 Activity rate 76.1 77.7 77.9 78.1 78.0 78.0 79.3 79.6 79.3 79.6 81.2 81.5 82.6 83.76.3 Employment rate 71.5 73.8 73.2 71.1 70.5 69.7 70.3 71.6 72.9 74.3 76.7 77.7 78.9 80.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 6.9 5.6 6.8 10.3 11.3 12.3 13.0 11.4 9.2 7.6 6.2 5.2 5.0 4.8 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 12.7 16.8 8.1 9.9 6.8 7.7 8.8 5.6 5.6 5.8 10.5 5.6 6.9 5.97.2 Real wages per head (b) 3.5 9.9 7.2 7.4 3.2 4.0 11.7 5.6 4.4 5.9 8.0 3.0 4.8 4.07.3 Nominal unit labour costs 8.3 12.8 10.2 4.3 2.5 5.0 7.8 4.1 2.5 2.3 8.4 2.4 3.6 2.57.4 Real unit labour costs -2.5 4.3 5.9 3.1 -3.3 3.4 8.6 3.6 0.2 0.1 4.8 -1.2 0.9 0.37.5 GDP deflator 11.1 8.1 4.0 1.1 6.0 1.6 -0.7 0.5 2.2 2.2 3.4 3.6 2.7 2.27.6 Private consumption deflator 8.9 6.3 0.8 2.4 3.4 3.6 -2.6 0.0 1.2 -0.1 2.3 2.5 2.0 1.87.7 Terms of trade 2.8 1.1 2.3 0.9 3.9 -2.3 -0.5 1.2 1.4 3.4 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.5


8.1 Total expenditure 37.7 37.1 39.4 36.2 33.8 34.5 37.7 43.2 40.5 35.1 35.0 34.8 37.0 36.78.2 Total revenue 38.8 38.7 35.3 33.1 31.9 34.1 37.3 37.7 38.8 35.2 36.2 36.8 37.9 37.78.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 1.1 1.6 -4.1 -3.1 -2.0 -0.3 -0.4 -5.5 -1.7 0.1 1.2 2.0 0.8 1.08.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted 0.0 0.3 -3.6 -2.9 -2.1 -0.2 0.0 -4.9 -1.2 0.3 1.1 1.9 0.7 0.68.5 Debt (end of period) 16.3 13.0 13.7 15.3 15.2 16.7 17.1 27.1 26.2 29.6 25.6 22.6 20.5 18.4


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.5 5.4 7.2 6.0 5.4 4.5 3.5 3.4 2.5 2.3 1.6 0.9 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.9 7.1 5.7 4.1 3.8 2.3 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.4 -1.8 1.5 1.9 1.6 2.3 2.3 2.6 1.9 2.1 1.5 0.9 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -5.9 -2.5 3.0 4.8 -0.6 2.9 4.2 2.9 0.3 0.0 -1.7 -2.6 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 0.8 2.1 3.7 -2.9 1.4 -1.2 2.2 2.7 -0.8 2.4 1.9 4.2 0.4 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 91.2 99.0 103.0 100.0 100.9 98.9 99.0 98.1 94.6 94.3 95.0 98.5 98.1 97.4 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


188


101. Czechia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 4.2 2.9 -0.6 1.1 0.3 -1.2 0.5 1.8 3.7 3.6 4.3 3.2 3.0 2.81.2 Government consumption 0.6 1.1 2.8 0.5 -3.2 -2.0 2.5 1.1 1.9 2.7 1.3 3.7 3.0 1.81.3 Gross fixed capital formation 13.5 2.5 -10.1 1.3 0.9 -3.1 -2.5 3.9 10.2 -3.1 3.7 10.5 3.9 3.11.4 of which equipment 19.1 6.7 -17.3 7.0 4.1 -6.2 0.3 6.4 9.3 -2.5 3.4 9.8 5.1 4.21.5 of which construction 9.0 -1.7 -5.1 -0.3 -4.1 -2.9 -4.9 1.0 9.7 -6.9 3.6 13.7 3.2 2.31.6 Exports of goods and services 11.0 4.2 -9.8 14.7 9.2 4.3 0.2 8.7 6.0 4.3 6.7 4.5 3.3 3.11.7 Imports of goods and services 12.9 3.2 -11.0 14.7 6.7 2.7 0.1 10.1 6.8 2.8 5.9 6.0 4.2 3.51.8 GDP 5.6 2.7 -4.8 2.3 1.8 -0.8 -0.5 2.7 5.3 2.5 4.4 2.9 2.6 2.4


2.1 Consumption 2.1 1.6 0.2 0.6 -0.5 -1.0 0.8 1.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.72.2 Investment 3.8 0.7 -2.9 0.4 0.2 -0.8 -0.6 1.0 2.6 -0.8 0.9 2.6 1.0 0.82.3 Stockbuilding 0.6 -0.4 -2.6 0.8 0.3 -0.2 -0.7 1.1 0.8 -0.4 0.1 -1.2 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 6.4 1.9 -5.3 1.7 -0.1 -2.1 -0.6 3.2 5.5 1.0 3.3 3.6 3.1 2.52.5 Exports 7.2 2.8 -6.2 8.6 6.1 3.1 0.1 6.6 5.0 3.5 5.3 3.6 2.6 2.52.6 Final demand 13.6 4.7 -11.5 10.3 6.0 1.0 -0.4 9.9 10.5 4.5 8.6 7.2 5.7 5.02.7 Imports -8.0 -2.1 6.7 -8.1 -4.2 -1.8 0.0 -7.1 -5.2 -2.1 -4.3 -4.3 -3.0 -2.62.8 Net exports -0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.8 1.3 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 1.4 1.1 -0.7 -0.4 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings 22.4 22.2 22.5 21.7 20.8 21.8 21.2 22.6 23.0 22.0 21.2 21.3 21.3 21.63.2 Net savings of households 3.5 3.2 4.5 4.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.2 3.1 : 3.3 General government savings 5.0 3.9 0.1 0.4 1.5 2.2 2.4 2.1 3.4 4.1 5.0 4.9 4.3 3.93.4 National savings 27.4 26.1 22.6 22.1 22.3 23.9 23.6 24.7 26.4 26.1 26.2 26.2 25.7 25.43.5 Gross capital formation 32.1 31.1 26.5 27.1 27.0 26.2 24.7 25.9 28.0 26.0 25.9 26.2 26.2 26.13.6 Current account -4.7 -4.9 -3.9 -5.1 -4.6 -2.2 -1.1 -1.2 -1.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 -0.5 -0.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 89.2 88.8 76.8 79.8 83.7 82.3 81.7 83.0 84.9 84.5 84.2 85.8 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 7.6 7.7 0.2 0.4 0.3 -2.4 -4.7 -4.1 -1.2 -1.1 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.94.3 Potential GDP gap 5.6 4.2 -2.1 -1.2 -0.6 -1.8 -3.0 -2.4 0.0 -0.1 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.5 3.3 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.9 1.4 1.6 2.5 2.6 2.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.85.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.4 1.1 3.8 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.9 1.7 1.95.4 Labour productivity growth 3.4 0.5 -3.1 3.3 2.1 -1.2 -0.8 2.2 3.8 0.8 2.8 1.3 1.7 1.75.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.7 -0.1 -5.0 1.8 1.0 -1.7 -1.2 1.8 3.6 0.9 2.7 0.8 0.8 0.6


6.1 Employment 2.1 2.2 -1.8 -1.0 -0.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.9 0.76.2 Activity rate 72.1 71.9 72.5 73.1 73.2 74.4 75.6 76.5 77.3 78.3 79.2 80.2 81.2 82.16.3 Employment rate 68.3 68.8 67.7 67.9 68.4 69.4 70.5 71.9 73.5 75.3 77.0 78.4 79.4 80.3 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 5.3 4.4 6.7 7.3 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.1 5.1 4.0 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 6.1 4.1 -0.6 3.5 2.7 1.7 -0.3 2.6 3.0 4.0 6.4 7.6 5.0 4.27.2 Real wages per head (b) 3.2 -0.6 -1.4 3.0 1.0 -0.4 -1.1 2.0 2.9 3.4 4.0 4.9 2.4 1.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 2.6 3.6 2.6 0.1 0.7 3.0 0.5 0.4 -0.8 3.1 3.6 6.2 3.2 2.57.4 Real unit labour costs -0.9 1.5 0.0 1.6 0.6 1.5 -0.9 -2.0 -2.0 1.8 2.1 4.0 1.1 0.57.5 GDP deflator 3.5 2.1 2.6 -1.4 0.0 1.5 1.4 2.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.1 2.07.6 Private consumption deflator 2.9 4.7 0.9 0.5 1.7 2.2 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.5 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.47.7 Terms of trade 1.1 -1.2 2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -0.6 1.2 1.5 0.4 1.0 -1.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.1


8.1 Total expenditure 40.4 40.6 44.2 43.5 43.0 44.5 42.6 42.4 41.7 39.5 38.9 40.8 41.7 41.98.2 Total revenue 39.7 38.7 38.7 39.3 40.3 40.5 41.4 40.3 41.1 40.2 40.5 41.7 41.9 41.78.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -0.7 -2.0 -5.5 -4.2 -2.7 -3.9 -1.2 -2.1 -0.6 0.7 1.6 0.9 0.2 -0.28.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -2.9 -3.6 -4.6 -3.7 -2.5 -3.2 0.0 -1.2 -0.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.48.5 Debt (end of period) 27.5 28.3 33.6 37.4 39.8 44.5 44.9 42.2 40.0 36.8 34.7 32.7 31.7 31.1


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.3 4.6 4.8 3.9 3.7 2.8 2.1 1.6 0.6 0.4 1.0 2.0 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 3.1 4.0 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.3 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 1.2 0.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 1.8 1.7 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.7 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.8 2.5 2.2 5.4 3.7 1.3 0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.5 -0.2 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 2.5 12.5 -2.8 2.1 3.2 -3.6 -1.7 -4.3 0.0 2.8 3.3 4.6 -0.4 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 89.3 102.6 98.8 100.0 102.0 99.2 96.9 91.8 91.0 93.3 96.9 101.1 101.0 101.0 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


189


102. Denmark(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 4.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 2.3 0.5 0.4 0.9 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.11.2 Government consumption 5.7 2.3 1.0 2.6 1.4 2.3 0.0 1.9 1.7 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 7.2 0.6 2.7 6.0 1.6 -1.8 2.3 3.1 5.5 7.6 4.6 5.1 1.7 2.31.4 of which equipment : 4.8 4.6 5.1 0.2 -1.3 5.9 -0.1 1.4 2.5 7.7 6.6 -0.9 2.81.5 of which construction : -2.4 -0.3 5.5 1.9 -5.4 2.0 4.1 10.1 6.6 6.1 5.4 3.2 2.01.6 Exports of goods and services 6.3 4.4 4.5 7.4 3.4 2.1 3.3 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.6 0.6 2.5 2.31.7 Imports of goods and services 7.9 2.6 4.1 7.2 5.2 2.3 3.8 3.9 4.6 4.2 3.6 2.7 2.2 2.51.8 GDP 4.6 2.0 1.9 3.0 1.3 0.2 0.8 1.6 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.4 1.7 1.6


2.1 Consumption 3.6 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.2 0.9 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.12.2 Investment 1.7 0.1 0.6 1.2 0.3 -0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.52.3 Stockbuilding -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 5.2 1.6 1.6 2.6 1.8 0.2 0.9 1.8 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.4 1.4 1.62.5 Exports 1.6 1.4 1.6 2.8 1.5 1.0 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 0.3 1.4 1.32.6 Final demand 6.8 3.0 3.2 5.4 3.3 1.3 2.6 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.9 2.7 2.8 2.92.7 Imports -2.2 -0.9 -1.3 -2.4 -2.0 -1.0 -1.7 -1.9 -2.2 -2.1 -1.7 -1.3 -1.1 -1.32.8 Net exports -0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4 -0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.2 -1.0 0.3 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 19.8 20.8 21.0 24.1 22.9 25.4 25.3 24.7 24.5 24.7 24.73.2 Net savings of households : : -0.6 -2.2 -0.2 -0.6 0.5 -1.3 1.9 2.2 3.1 3.6 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 2.8 4.2 4.7 2.2 6.1 3.5 4.0 4.9 4.4 4.2 4.23.4 National savings 24.0 18.5 20.3 22.6 25.0 25.7 26.3 29.0 28.9 29.4 29.6 28.8 28.9 28.93.5 Gross capital formation 26.2 21.8 20.4 21.6 21.6 22.1 19.4 20.1 20.6 21.4 21.6 22.7 22.6 22.63.6 Current account -1.9 -3.3 -0.2 1.0 3.4 3.5 6.9 8.9 8.2 7.9 8.0 6.1 6.3 6.3


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 80.8 83.0 81.9 81.6 78.2 79.8 80.6 79.9 79.8 80.8 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.8 -0.2 0.9 0.2 1.0 -1.8 -1.7 -0.7 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.54.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.7 -0.9 1.5 0.7 0.3 -2.8 -2.4 -1.5 -0.7 -0.1 -0.5 -0.5 -0.74.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 103.6 129.1 159.7 160.2 149.5 156.6 166.0 167.3 168.8 172.5 162.1 160.3 159.3

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.1 2.1 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.7 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.45.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.9 1.7 1.4 0.7 1.4 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.2 1.45.4 Labour productivity growth 3.3 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.6 -0.4 0.6 0.75.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.5 1.0 1.2 1.6 0.6 -0.5 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.4 -0.6 0.1 0.1


6.1 Employment 1.2 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.0 -0.3 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.1 0.96.2 Activity rate : 80.6 81.7 80.5 81.4 82.3 81.3 81.0 81.3 82.1 82.6 83.2 83.7 84.26.3 Employment rate : 75.9 76.0 76.3 77.4 78.3 75.4 75.7 76.3 77.0 78.0 79.1 79.8 80.3 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.1 6.1 7.0 5.2 5.0 4.9 7.4 6.6 6.2 6.2 5.7 5.0 4.8 4.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.7 10.4 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.6 2.67.2 Real wages per head (b) 4.5 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.3 -0.2 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.3 1.07.3 Nominal unit labour costs 7.2 8.6 2.2 1.7 2.4 3.2 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.1 2.4 2.0 1.97.4 Real unit labour costs 0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 0.8 -0.8 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 -0.3 2.0 0.4 0.17.5 GDP deflator 6.9 9.0 2.6 2.0 2.3 2.5 1.3 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.4 0.4 1.6 1.87.6 Private consumption deflator 6.0 9.3 2.5 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.8 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.67.7 Terms of trade 1.2 -1.0 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.7 -0.1 1.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 -1.6 0.1 0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 55.3 52.8 52.6 56.7 55.2 54.5 52.7 51.2 51.4 51.1 51.58.2 Total revenue : : : 55.0 54.4 54.1 54.5 56.4 53.2 52.6 52.6 51.9 51.7 51.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -0.3 1.6 1.5 -2.3 1.1 -1.3 -0.1 1.4 0.5 0.6 -0.18.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -1.1 1.2 1.4 -0.6 2.5 -0.5 0.3 1.5 0.8 0.9 0.38.5 Debt (end of period) 8.9 74.7 73.1 52.4 37.4 42.6 44.0 44.3 39.8 37.2 35.5 34.1 33.0 32.5


9.1 Long-term interest rate 9.0 16.0 9.3 5.8 4.4 3.8 2.0 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.5 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 7.0 12.6 9.3 4.1 3.0 3.3 0.8 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 2.0 3.4 0.0 1.7 1.4 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.0 6.5 6.5 3.7 2.1 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 -0.4 -0.9 0.0 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : -0.6 1.9 0.4 -0.3 1.9 -2.5 2.2 1.3 2.6 -1.0 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 95.8 98.4 101.1 97.7 98.1 94.8 95.8 96.2 97.3 95.6 95.0 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


190


103. Croatia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 6.3 1.3 -7.4 -1.5 0.3 -3.0 -1.8 -1.6 1.1 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.21.2 Government consumption 6.5 -0.7 2.1 -0.6 -0.4 -0.8 0.6 1.8 -1.0 0.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 1.71.3 Gross fixed capital formation 7.2 9.2 -14.4 -15.2 -2.7 -3.3 1.4 -2.8 3.8 6.5 3.8 4.1 6.0 5.41.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 3.4 0.8 -14.1 6.2 2.2 -0.1 3.1 6.0 9.4 5.6 6.4 2.8 3.2 3.31.7 Imports of goods and services 6.1 4.0 -20.4 -2.5 2.5 -3.0 3.1 3.1 9.2 6.2 8.1 5.5 5.3 5.01.8 GDP 5.3 2.0 -7.3 -1.5 -0.3 -2.3 -0.5 -0.1 2.4 3.5 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.5


2.1 Consumption 4.9 0.6 -3.9 -1.0 0.1 -2.0 -1.0 -0.6 0.5 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.22.2 Investment 1.9 2.5 -4.0 -3.8 -0.6 -0.7 0.3 -0.5 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.12.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 0.5 -3.4 0.3 0.2 -0.8 0.2 -0.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 6.7 3.6 -11.3 -4.5 -0.2 -3.5 -0.5 -1.4 2.1 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.32.5 Exports 1.4 0.3 -5.4 2.1 0.8 -0.1 1.3 2.6 4.2 2.7 3.1 1.5 1.7 1.72.6 Final demand 8.1 3.9 -16.8 -2.4 0.6 -3.5 0.8 1.2 6.4 6.4 6.7 5.3 5.3 5.02.7 Imports -2.8 -1.8 9.5 0.9 -0.9 1.2 -1.3 -1.3 -4.0 -2.8 -3.7 -2.7 -2.7 -2.62.8 Net exports -1.5 -1.5 4.1 3.1 -0.1 1.2 0.0 1.3 0.3 -0.1 -0.6 -1.2 -1.0 -0.8


3.1 Private sector savings 17.7 18.2 19.0 20.5 21.6 20.4 : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households -0.4 0.8 4.2 4.7 4.5 4.8 : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings 4.9 4.5 1.0 -0.4 -1.8 -0.8 -0.7 -0.3 1.0 3.4 4.3 4.9 4.7 4.73.4 National savings 22.6 22.7 20.1 20.1 19.8 19.6 : : : : : : : 3.5 Gross capital formation 29.7 31.4 25.1 21.4 20.7 19.2 19.4 18.8 20.0 20.8 20.9 21.4 22.0 22.53.6 Current account -7.0 -8.7 -4.9 -1.0 -0.6 0.5 : : : : : : :


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 77.0 65.9 66.8 68.5 67.9 67.5 69.1 70.7 73.1 73.7 74.6 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 8.7 9.7 1.0 -0.9 -1.4 -3.9 -4.7 -5.4 -4.0 -1.8 -0.5 0.4 1.1 1.64.3 Potential GDP gap 6.6 6.6 -1.2 -2.0 -2.0 -4.0 -4.6 -4.9 -3.4 -1.2 0.5 1.2 2.1 2.44.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 6.2 6.8 4.1 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.55.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.0 4.5 4.9 6.2 6.1 5.6 4.5 -1.2 0.3 1.7 -0.1 -0.1 1.0 1.55.4 Labour productivity growth 2.1 -0.1 -6.6 2.4 3.7 1.4 2.2 -2.7 1.1 3.2 0.7 0.2 1.0 1.15.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.9 -1.8 -8.4 0.0 1.2 -0.8 0.4 -2.2 1.0 2.6 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.5


6.1 Employment 3.2 2.1 -0.7 -3.8 -3.9 -3.6 -2.6 2.7 1.2 0.3 2.2 2.4 1.6 1.36.2 Activity rate 67.2 67.7 67.7 66.9 65.9 65.3 65.2 67.3 68.0 66.9 67.7 67.9 68.9 69.66.3 Employment rate 60.6 61.9 61.5 59.1 57.0 55.1 53.9 55.8 57.1 58.0 60.3 62.2 63.6 64.9 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 9.9 8.6 9.3 11.8 13.7 15.8 17.4 17.2 16.1 13.4 11.0 8.5 7.8 6.9 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 5.3 5.1 -0.2 1.8 3.7 0.4 -0.9 -5.2 0.4 1.3 -1.1 1.9 3.6 3.47.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.3 -0.5 -3.4 0.3 1.2 -2.8 -2.8 -4.8 0.9 2.5 -2.0 0.7 2.6 2.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.1 5.2 6.8 -0.5 0.0 -1.0 -3.1 -2.6 -0.8 -1.8 -1.8 1.7 2.6 2.37.4 Real unit labour costs -0.9 -0.5 3.9 -1.3 -1.6 -2.5 -3.8 -2.6 -0.8 -1.8 -2.8 0.0 1.1 0.77.5 GDP deflator 4.1 5.7 2.8 0.8 1.7 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 -0.1 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.67.6 Private consumption deflator 2.9 5.6 3.3 1.5 2.4 3.2 1.9 -0.5 -0.5 -1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.27.7 Terms of trade 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.2 -0.6 -0.1 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.4


8.1 Total expenditure 45.5 45.3 48.3 48.0 48.5 47.8 47.6 48.1 48.3 47.3 45.3 46.4 46.7 46.18.2 Total revenue 43.0 42.5 42.3 41.7 40.6 42.5 42.4 42.9 45.2 46.3 46.1 46.6 46.8 46.78.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.4 -2.8 -6.0 -6.3 -7.9 -5.3 -5.3 -5.1 -3.2 -1.0 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -5.3 -5.7 -5.5 -5.4 -7.0 -3.5 -3.3 -2.9 -1.7 -0.4 0.6 -0.3 -0.8 -0.58.5 Debt (end of period) 37.3 39.0 48.3 57.3 63.9 69.5 80.4 84.0 83.7 80.5 77.8 74.6 70.9 67.6


9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.9 6.0 7.8 6.3 6.5 6.1 4.7 4.1 3.6 3.5 2.8 2.2 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : : : 2.9 2.7 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.5 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : : 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.1 2.3 2.6 2.2 1.7 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 0.8 0.3 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.5 3.9 4.0 3.5 3.6 1.6 0.4 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 0.8 3.0 1.1 -2.1 -1.4 -2.8 1.3 2.0 0.7 3.0 1.2 3.4 -0.4 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 98.2 102.0 103.6 100.0 97.2 94.8 96.0 96.4 94.9 96.0 96.4 98.9 97.2 96.2 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


191


104. Hungary(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 1.1 -1.2 -6.6 -2.7 0.7 -2.3 0.2 2.8 3.9 4.0 4.8 5.4 4.9 3.81.2 Government consumption -6.8 3.1 1.4 -0.4 0.2 -1.4 4.2 5.2 1.3 0.7 1.3 -0.5 1.5 1.51.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.2 1.0 -8.3 -9.5 -1.3 -3.0 9.8 12.3 4.7 -11.7 18.2 16.5 10.4 2.41.4 of which equipment 10.8 -1.7 -15.4 -4.0 6.4 2.9 2.6 21.5 1.5 2.5 13.8 -2.0 5.6 3.91.5 of which construction -3.2 2.0 -5.8 -13.5 -7.8 -8.4 11.2 10.5 6.4 -22.1 27.5 31.6 14.8 1.91.6 Exports of goods and services 16.1 6.9 -11.4 11.3 6.5 -1.8 4.2 9.1 7.2 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.81.7 Imports of goods and services 13.9 6.0 -14.7 10.2 4.4 -3.5 4.5 11.0 5.8 3.9 7.7 7.1 6.8 5.11.8 GDP 0.4 0.9 -6.6 0.7 1.7 -1.6 2.1 4.2 3.5 2.3 4.1 4.9 3.7 2.8


2.1 Consumption -0.9 0.0 -3.3 -1.5 0.4 -1.5 1.0 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.22.2 Investment 1.0 0.2 -1.9 -2.2 -0.3 -0.6 1.9 2.6 1.0 -2.6 3.6 3.7 2.7 0.72.3 Stockbuilding -1.2 -0.1 -4.0 3.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.8 0.0 -1.3 1.4 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand -1.1 0.1 -9.2 -0.6 -0.3 -2.9 2.1 5.1 1.9 0.9 6.1 6.5 5.4 2.82.5 Exports 11.9 5.4 -9.0 8.4 5.4 -1.6 3.6 7.8 6.3 4.5 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.12.6 Final demand 10.9 5.5 -18.2 7.8 5.1 -4.4 5.7 12.9 8.2 5.4 10.3 10.6 9.3 6.92.7 Imports -10.4 -4.7 11.6 -7.1 -3.4 2.8 -3.6 -8.6 -4.7 -3.1 -6.2 -5.7 -5.6 -4.22.8 Net exports 1.5 0.7 2.6 1.3 2.0 1.3 0.0 -0.8 1.6 1.4 -1.9 -1.5 -1.6 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings 16.7 17.7 20.7 22.2 22.7 20.3 24.0 23.0 21.7 22.9 22.4 23.4 22.8 22.63.2 Net savings of households 2.5 2.0 3.1 3.4 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.4 3.3 4.4 3.9 : : 3.3 General government savings 0.3 0.2 -1.2 -1.3 -1.4 0.9 0.7 1.8 3.6 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.9 4.93.4 National savings 17.0 17.9 19.5 20.9 21.4 21.2 24.8 24.8 25.3 26.2 25.7 27.5 27.7 27.43.5 Gross capital formation 24.2 24.7 20.3 20.7 20.5 19.5 21.0 23.3 22.6 20.0 22.7 27.1 29.0 28.83.6 Current account -7.2 -6.8 -0.8 0.3 0.9 1.8 3.7 1.5 2.7 6.2 3.0 0.5 -1.2 -1.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 85.2 84.8 72.6 77.5 78.3 76.4 77.4 80.2 81.7 81.7 82.7 85.4 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 5.6 5.2 -2.7 -3.0 -2.4 -5.2 -4.7 -2.6 -1.4 -1.7 -0.5 1.3 1.9 1.44.3 Potential GDP gap 2.1 1.7 -5.1 -4.2 -2.6 -4.2 -3.1 -0.9 0.3 0.6 1.8 3.3 3.3 2.54.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.9 3.6 2.3 1.0 0.8 0.4 1.4 2.5 2.7 1.3 2.9 4.3 5.0 4.75.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.25.3 Growth of capital intensity 3.8 5.7 4.9 2.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 -2.3 0.3 -1.7 0.9 2.1 3.6 4.35.4 Labour productivity growth 0.3 2.9 -4.2 1.8 1.7 -1.8 1.0 -0.6 1.1 -0.7 2.1 2.7 2.3 2.45.5 Total factor productivity growth -1.5 0.1 -6.5 0.7 1.2 -1.9 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.1 1.6 1.7 0.6 0.3


6.1 Employment 0.1 -2.0 -2.5 -1.1 0.0 0.2 1.1 4.8 2.4 3.1 2.0 2.2 1.4 0.46.2 Activity rate 60.9 60.4 60.5 61.2 61.8 63.3 64.2 66.4 68.1 69.7 70.7 71.7 72.7 73.76.3 Employment rate 56.4 55.7 54.4 54.4 55.0 56.3 57.7 61.3 63.4 66.2 67.8 69.0 70.2 71.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 7.4 7.8 10.0 11.2 11.0 11.0 10.2 7.7 6.8 5.1 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.5 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 5.2 7.3 -1.4 1.5 3.4 1.7 1.8 0.6 -1.5 4.4 6.2 9.6 6.6 6.57.2 Real wages per head (b) -1.3 1.5 -5.3 -2.1 -0.3 -4.2 0.0 -0.2 -1.3 4.6 3.6 6.2 3.3 3.37.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.9 4.3 2.9 -0.3 1.7 3.6 0.8 1.2 -2.6 5.2 4.1 6.7 4.2 4.07.4 Real unit labour costs -0.5 -0.7 -1.1 -2.6 -0.6 0.2 -2.0 -2.1 -4.4 4.3 0.2 2.1 0.2 0.67.5 GDP deflator 5.4 5.0 4.0 2.4 2.3 3.4 2.9 3.4 1.9 0.9 3.8 4.5 4.0 3.47.6 Private consumption deflator 6.6 5.7 4.1 3.7 3.7 6.2 1.9 0.9 -0.2 -0.2 2.6 3.2 3.2 3.27.7 Terms of trade 0.4 -1.2 1.3 0.1 -1.4 -1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.0 -1.1 0.1 0.0




9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.7 8.2 9.1 7.3 7.6 7.9 5.9 4.8 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.1 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 7.9 8.7 9.3 6.2 6.6 8.1 4.2 2.5 1.6 1.0 0.1 0.1 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -1.2 -0.5 -0.1 1.1 1.1 -0.2 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.8 2.9 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.3 3.1 4.9 4.8 5.2 4.4 2.9 1.4 1.5 2.2 -0.8 -1.4 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 5.6 1.2 -7.4 -0.8 -0.9 -4.8 -1.0 -2.2 -1.2 1.2 1.3 -1.0 -0.7 -0.39.6 Real effective exchange rate 101.2 103.9 98.4 100.0 99.5 97.4 96.0 92.6 90.4 91.1 92.6 92.2 92.5 93.3 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


192


105. Poland(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 5.6 6.8 3.6 2.7 3.1 0.7 0.3 2.4 3.0 3.9 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.21.2 Government consumption 3.0 4.4 3.5 3.1 -1.8 -0.3 2.5 4.3 2.3 1.9 3.5 4.7 4.3 3.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 19.0 8.8 -2.7 0.0 8.8 -1.8 -1.1 10.0 6.1 -8.2 4.0 8.7 4.9 4.11.4 of which equipment 26.0 10.5 -16.6 -0.9 12.4 -4.5 4.6 11.2 12.1 -7.6 8.3 9.0 6.8 5.81.5 of which construction 14.0 8.0 6.8 1.3 7.9 -1.2 -4.8 8.9 2.2 -10.2 -0.2 9.4 3.7 3.01.6 Exports of goods and services 10.0 7.1 -5.9 13.1 7.9 4.6 6.1 6.7 7.7 8.8 9.5 6.3 5.2 4.71.7 Imports of goods and services 15.8 9.5 -12.4 14.3 5.8 -0.3 1.7 10.0 6.6 7.6 10.0 7.1 5.7 5.31.8 GDP 7.0 4.2 2.8 3.6 5.0 1.6 1.4 3.3 3.8 3.1 4.8 5.1 4.2 3.6


2.1 Consumption 4.0 4.9 2.9 2.3 1.6 0.4 0.7 2.2 2.2 2.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.02.2 Investment 3.9 2.0 -0.6 0.0 1.8 -0.4 -0.2 1.9 1.2 -1.6 0.7 1.5 0.9 0.82.3 Stockbuilding 1.6 -1.3 -2.5 1.9 0.9 -0.5 -1.0 0.5 -0.2 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 9.5 5.5 -0.2 4.2 4.3 -0.5 -0.6 4.7 3.2 2.2 4.7 5.3 4.3 3.82.5 Exports 3.8 2.7 -2.3 4.9 3.1 2.0 2.7 3.1 3.7 4.4 4.9 3.4 2.9 2.62.6 Final demand 13.3 8.3 -2.5 9.1 7.5 1.5 2.1 7.8 6.9 6.6 9.6 8.7 7.1 6.42.7 Imports -6.3 -4.0 5.3 -5.5 -2.4 0.1 -0.8 -4.4 -3.0 -3.5 -4.8 -3.6 -3.0 -2.82.8 Net exports -2.5 -1.3 3.1 -0.6 0.7 2.1 1.9 -1.3 0.6 0.8 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1


3.1 Private sector savings 15.7 16.5 19.0 18.8 17.8 17.6 19.1 18.8 19.5 18.6 17.6 16.6 17.3 17.23.2 Net savings of households 1.3 0.2 1.8 1.5 -0.7 -0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.9 -0.5 : : 3.3 General government savings 2.8 1.6 -1.8 -2.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.6 0.2 1.1 0.9 2.3 3.5 2.5 2.23.4 National savings 18.5 18.0 17.2 16.5 17.7 17.7 18.5 19.0 20.7 19.6 20.0 20.1 19.8 19.43.5 Gross capital formation 25.2 24.7 20.6 21.3 22.4 21.0 19.0 20.4 20.5 19.6 19.8 20.7 20.8 20.83.6 Current account -6.7 -6.6 -3.4 -4.8 -4.8 -3.3 -0.5 -1.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.5 -1.0 -1.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 78.1 79.9 71.1 73.8 73.6 74.7 74.1 77.1 78.1 78.7 80.0 82.8 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 2.3 2.5 1.3 1.1 2.4 0.5 -1.6 -1.8 -1.5 -2.0 -0.9 0.6 1.1 1.24.3 Potential GDP gap 2.3 2.3 1.2 1.0 1.8 0.0 -1.5 -1.3 -0.8 -0.7 0.8 2.1 2.3 2.04.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 5.5 6.3 5.5 5.1 5.6 4.9 4.1 4.6 4.7 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.9 3.95.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.05.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.0 2.4 5.1 7.9 5.0 4.7 4.2 2.8 3.2 2.5 2.0 3.5 3.7 3.95.4 Labour productivity growth 2.4 0.4 2.4 6.4 4.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.3 2.2 3.4 4.8 3.9 3.65.5 Total factor productivity growth 1.9 -0.7 0.0 2.6 2.0 -0.7 -0.5 0.2 0.8 1.0 2.5 3.1 2.1 1.7


6.1 Employment 4.5 3.8 0.4 -2.7 0.6 0.1 -0.1 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.16.2 Activity rate 62.2 62.6 63.6 63.3 63.7 64.4 64.9 65.7 66.1 66.2 66.9 67.0 67.8 68.46.3 Employment rate 56.4 58.3 58.5 57.2 57.6 57.9 58.2 59.8 61.1 62.1 63.6 64.5 65.3 66.1 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 9.6 7.1 8.1 9.7 9.7 10.1 10.3 9.0 7.5 6.2 4.9 3.9 3.8 3.5 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 5.7 8.3 3.4 8.9 5.3 3.6 1.7 2.2 1.7 4.8 5.8 7.5 8.0 7.97.2 Real wages per head (b) 3.4 4.0 0.7 6.3 0.4 0.2 1.3 2.3 2.9 5.2 4.1 5.8 5.8 5.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.2 7.8 0.9 2.4 0.8 2.0 0.2 0.6 -0.6 2.5 2.3 2.6 3.9 4.27.4 Real unit labour costs -0.5 3.8 -2.8 0.7 -2.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 -1.3 2.2 0.3 1.5 2.1 1.87.5 GDP deflator 3.7 3.9 3.8 1.7 3.2 2.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.3 2.0 1.1 1.8 2.47.6 Private consumption deflator 2.2 4.1 2.7 2.5 4.9 3.3 0.4 -0.1 -1.1 -0.4 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.67.7 Terms of trade 1.6 -1.4 3.2 -1.5 -1.5 -1.2 1.1 1.9 2.4 0.5 0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.3




9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.5 6.1 6.1 5.8 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.5 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.2 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.7 6.4 4.4 3.9 4.5 4.9 3.0 2.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.7 -0.3 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.5 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.7 2.1 2.3 4.1 2.6 2.6 3.7 3.0 1.9 2.7 1.4 2.0 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 3.6 9.5 -16.6 5.5 -2.7 -3.2 1.5 2.5 -0.3 -2.3 3.2 2.2 -1.1 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate 101.4 110.5 94.4 100.0 97.8 95.5 95.6 96.5 94.1 90.8 93.3 94.3 92.9 93.3 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


193


106. Romania(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 13.8 8.7 -6.4 -5.0 1.4 2.0 0.1 4.7 6.0 7.9 10.0 5.2 5.2 4.51.2 Government consumption 2.2 5.9 -4.1 -1.6 -1.2 7.5 -2.9 3.5 -0.3 2.2 2.6 1.8 3.8 3.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 51.0 17.8 -33.9 -2.8 6.1 3.1 -5.6 3.3 7.5 -0.2 3.5 -3.2 1.4 2.31.4 of which equipment 28.4 15.4 -26.3 -17.7 24.2 -4.4 4.1 -6.3 -3.9 -8.9 -5.0 1.5 2.4 2.01.5 of which construction 74.5 20.0 -39.2 8.0 -5.6 11.7 -14.5 10.2 20.9 7.4 11.7 -4.5 2.0 3.91.6 Exports of goods and services 20.9 13.8 -5.7 15.5 12.1 1.1 20.2 8.0 4.6 16.0 10.0 5.4 4.4 3.61.7 Imports of goods and services 41.3 11.2 -20.8 12.6 10.1 -1.8 8.8 8.7 8.0 16.5 11.3 9.1 6.9 4.91.8 GDP 7.2 9.3 -5.5 -3.9 2.0 2.1 3.5 3.4 3.9 4.8 7.0 4.1 3.3 3.1


2.1 Consumption 9.9 6.8 -4.7 -3.4 0.7 2.3 -0.3 3.4 3.6 5.2 6.7 3.6 3.9 3.32.2 Investment 13.6 6.3 -12.7 -0.7 1.6 0.9 -1.5 0.8 1.8 -0.1 0.8 -0.7 0.3 0.52.3 Stockbuilding -6.1 -2.8 5.2 0.3 -0.3 -2.3 1.6 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.2 2.9 0.3 0.02.4 Domestic demand 17.3 10.3 -12.1 -3.9 2.0 0.9 -0.3 3.8 5.3 5.1 7.6 5.8 4.5 3.82.5 Exports 5.2 3.4 -1.5 4.0 3.9 0.4 7.6 3.2 1.9 6.6 4.1 2.3 1.8 1.52.6 Final demand 22.5 13.7 -13.6 0.2 5.9 1.3 7.3 7.0 7.2 11.7 11.8 8.1 6.3 5.32.7 Imports -15.2 -4.3 8.1 -4.1 -3.9 0.8 -3.8 -3.5 -3.3 -6.9 -4.8 -4.0 -3.1 -2.32.8 Net exports -10.1 -0.9 6.6 0.0 0.0 1.2 3.8 -0.3 -1.4 -0.3 -0.7 -1.7 -1.3 -0.7


3.1 Private sector savings 14.1 20.3 26.1 23.1 22.1 21.5 22.6 22.1 21.1 20.2 20.7 19.4 19.3 20.03.2 Net savings of households -15.8 -11.7 -11.8 -8.4 -10.6 -12.7 -9.2 -10.9 -10.4 -9.5 -9.1 : : 3.3 General government savings 3.7 1.4 -3.4 -1.6 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.1 2.9 1.1 -0.6 0.0 -0.4 -1.33.4 National savings 17.8 21.7 22.7 21.5 23.1 22.5 24.6 24.2 24.0 21.3 20.0 19.4 18.8 18.73.5 Gross capital formation 31.3 33.1 27.2 27.1 28.1 27.0 25.6 24.7 25.1 23.3 23.4 24.2 24.0 23.93.6 Current account -13.6 -11.4 -4.5 -5.6 -5.1 -4.5 -1.0 -0.5 -1.1 -2.0 -3.4 -4.7 -5.2 -5.3


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 83.8 82.4 72.2 74.8 79.9 78.8 78.0 79.4 76.9 78.0 76.3 76.0 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 8.1 14.0 4.3 -2.6 -3.4 -4.2 -3.7 -3.4 -2.9 -1.6 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.54.3 Potential GDP gap 7.1 9.3 0.4 -5.1 -4.8 -5.0 -3.8 -3.0 -2.7 -1.9 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.24.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 13.9 15.4 5.4 4.4 4.3 4.5 3.2 3.0 3.6 2.5 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 13.5 15.4 7.5 4.7 5.2 9.7 4.1 2.2 4.9 3.7 -0.6 1.1 1.0 1.35.4 Labour productivity growth 6.8 9.3 -3.6 -3.6 2.8 7.2 4.4 2.6 5.2 6.0 4.3 3.9 2.9 2.95.5 Total factor productivity growth 1.0 2.6 -6.7 -5.6 0.6 2.9 2.6 1.6 3.0 4.3 4.6 3.4 2.5 2.3


6.1 Employment 0.4 0.0 -2.0 -0.3 -0.8 -4.8 -0.9 0.8 -1.3 -1.1 2.6 0.2 0.3 0.26.2 Activity rate 72.4 73.0 73.2 73.6 73.1 69.2 69.0 69.8 69.7 69.1 71.1 71.4 72.1 72.86.3 Employment rate 68.0 69.0 68.7 68.9 68.3 64.6 64.2 65.1 65.0 65.1 67.6 68.5 69.3 69.9 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 6.4 5.6 6.5 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.8 5.9 4.9 4.2 4.1 4.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.6 33.9 -3.2 8.2 -4.1 8.9 4.1 6.9 1.9 15.0 12.6 18.4 13.5 9.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 1.6 21.0 -6.7 2.2 -7.6 4.2 1.4 5.7 1.0 14.1 9.7 14.2 9.9 5.77.3 Nominal unit labour costs 1.6 22.5 0.5 12.3 -6.7 1.5 -0.3 4.2 -3.1 8.5 8.0 14.0 10.3 5.97.4 Real unit labour costs -12.3 5.6 -3.5 8.5 -10.1 -2.4 -3.6 2.4 -5.6 5.9 3.2 7.7 4.8 2.17.5 GDP deflator 15.8 16.0 4.1 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.4 1.7 2.6 2.5 4.7 5.9 5.2 3.77.6 Private consumption deflator 6.9 10.7 3.8 5.9 3.8 4.5 2.6 1.1 1.0 0.7 2.7 3.7 3.3 3.17.7 Terms of trade 10.9 2.9 0.5 1.4 1.7 -1.2 1.0 1.5 2.8 -0.3 -1.5 1.0 0.7 0.4


8.1 Total expenditure 37.5 37.6 39.4 40.0 39.5 37.3 35.4 35.3 36.1 34.5 33.6 35.0 36.1 38.08.2 Total revenue 34.7 32.3 30.3 33.1 34.1 33.7 33.3 34.1 35.4 31.8 30.9 32.0 32.5 33.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.7 -5.4 -9.1 -6.9 -5.4 -3.7 -2.2 -1.3 -0.7 -2.7 -2.7 -3.0 -3.5 -4.78.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted -5.0 -8.3 -9.2 -5.3 -3.9 -2.1 -0.9 -0.3 0.2 -2.1 -2.9 -3.3 -3.7 -4.88.5 Debt (end of period) 12.0 12.4 21.9 29.8 34.2 37.0 37.6 39.2 37.8 37.3 35.2 35.0 36.0 38.4


9.1 Long-term interest rate 7.1 7.7 9.7 7.3 7.3 6.7 5.4 4.5 3.5 3.3 4.0 4.7 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 7.2 12.3 11.3 6.5 5.6 5.1 4.0 2.3 1.3 0.8 1.2 2.8 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.1 -4.6 -1.7 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.8 1.9 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) -7.5 -7.2 5.4 3.7 3.4 2.6 2.0 2.7 0.8 0.8 -0.7 -1.1 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 6.4 -8.1 -10.8 -1.9 0.5 -6.3 2.9 1.6 -0.7 1.0 -0.7 0.9 -2.2 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 112.1 106.2 98.4 100.0 102.7 96.5 100.3 101.6 99.0 97.8 96.1 98.5 97.5 98.1 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


194


107. Sweden(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 3.3 1.2 1.2 3.4 2.2 2.2 1.5 2.1 3.1 2.9 2.2 1.2 1.8 2.21.2 Government consumption 4.9 2.6 1.5 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.1 1.5 2.4 3.6 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.01.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.4 1.3 0.0 5.5 2.6 1.8 2.0 5.4 6.7 4.2 6.0 3.3 -0.2 0.91.4 of which equipment : : 2.8 8.0 2.9 1.9 5.0 -1.1 5.1 5.3 5.5 1.3 0.8 3.11.5 of which construction : -0.5 -2.9 1.6 4.7 1.5 -0.2 9.4 8.6 7.7 8.1 3.0 -2.7 -1.81.6 Exports of goods and services 7.7 3.5 4.8 9.1 4.6 2.1 2.1 5.3 5.7 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.1 2.91.7 Imports of goods and services 6.1 2.6 3.8 8.7 2.8 3.2 2.5 6.3 5.2 4.3 4.8 2.9 1.9 2.21.8 GDP 4.1 1.9 1.6 3.6 2.6 1.6 1.2 2.6 4.5 2.7 2.1 2.3 1.4 1.6


2.1 Consumption 2.7 1.3 0.9 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.4 2.1 2.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.02.2 Investment 1.0 0.3 0.0 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.4 0.8 -0.1 0.22.3 Stockbuilding -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 3.6 1.6 1.2 2.9 1.7 2.0 1.3 2.8 4.0 3.1 2.6 1.9 0.7 1.22.5 Exports 1.7 1.0 1.5 3.6 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.3 2.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.42.6 Final demand 5.1 2.6 2.7 6.5 3.6 3.0 2.3 5.1 6.6 4.4 4.0 3.6 2.2 2.62.7 Imports -1.3 -0.7 -1.1 -2.9 -1.0 -1.3 -1.0 -2.5 -2.1 -1.8 -1.9 -1.2 -0.8 -1.02.8 Net exports 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.4 -0.4 -0.5 0.4 0.7 0.4


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 21.4 23.9 25.3 24.7 25.2 24.3 22.9 23.4 24.0 24.6 24.73.2 Net savings of households 5.3 3.3 2.0 1.7 3.5 5.2 7.5 9.0 8.0 8.5 7.9 9.1 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 4.3 4.3 5.6 3.6 2.9 4.3 5.5 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.33.4 National savings 28.5 23.1 23.5 25.7 28.2 30.9 28.3 28.2 28.6 28.3 29.3 29.7 29.9 30.03.5 Gross capital formation 29.2 24.2 23.2 21.4 22.0 23.3 23.1 23.4 24.3 24.5 25.6 26.3 25.8 25.53.6 Current account 0.9 -0.7 0.4 4.3 6.2 7.6 5.3 4.7 4.3 3.8 3.7 3.4 4.1 4.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : 84.3 83.0 82.5 80.7 81.0 83.2 85.3 87.8 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.4 0.3 -0.5 0.6 1.1 -1.5 -2.0 0.3 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.14.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.7 -0.7 -0.9 -0.3 -0.1 -1.7 -1.9 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.44.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 87.7 90.2 95.5 94.8 97.0 89.9 88.8 94.9 95.4 94.4 92.1 90.5 90.3

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 4.6 3.0 2.5 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 3.0 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.65.3 Growth of capital intensity 4.0 2.2 3.0 0.9 1.5 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.7 1.6 1.75.4 Labour productivity growth 3.5 1.1 2.1 2.7 2.4 0.9 -0.1 1.2 2.9 0.8 -0.2 0.5 0.6 1.05.5 Total factor productivity growth 1.6 0.0 0.6 2.3 1.6 0.2 -0.3 1.0 2.6 0.6 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.2


6.1 Employment 0.6 0.9 -0.8 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 2.3 1.8 0.8 0.66.2 Activity rate 74.1 80.6 81.4 78.1 78.2 80.3 82.8 84.4 84.7 84.8 85.6 86.0 86.0 85.96.3 Employment rate 72.5 78.2 77.0 70.9 72.9 74.5 76.2 77.7 78.4 78.9 79.9 80.6 80.6 80.4 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 2.2 3.0 5.5 9.1 6.7 7.3 7.9 7.9 7.4 6.9 6.7 6.3 6.4 6.4 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.4 10.8 6.8 4.3 3.7 3.4 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.0 3.4 3.1 3.07.2 Real wages per head (b) 3.5 0.7 1.1 3.2 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.8 1.5 0.3 1.1 1.6 1.47.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.7 9.6 4.6 1.5 1.3 2.5 2.8 1.0 -0.2 1.7 2.2 2.9 2.5 1.97.4 Real unit labour costs -0.1 -0.1 -0.7 0.3 -0.2 0.2 1.7 -0.7 -2.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.07.5 GDP deflator 4.9 9.7 5.4 1.2 1.4 2.3 1.1 1.8 2.1 1.6 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.97.6 Private consumption deflator 4.8 10.0 5.7 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.7 2.3 1.5 1.67.7 Terms of trade -0.5 -1.4 0.2 -1.2 -1.2 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.8 0.5 -0.6 -1.5 0.2 0.3


8.1 Total expenditure : : : 57.4 53.0 50.7 51.2 51.1 49.8 49.8 49.4 49.9 49.8 49.58.2 Total revenue : : : 57.4 53.2 52.1 50.3 49.5 49.8 50.8 50.9 50.8 50.2 49.98.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : 0.0 0.2 1.3 -0.8 -1.6 0.0 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.48.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : 0.5 0.4 1.4 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.68.5 Debt (end of period) 25.0 57.7 69.5 50.7 49.1 38.6 40.7 45.5 44.2 42.4 40.8 38.8 34.4 32.4


9.1 Long-term interest rate 6.3 11.0 10.7 6.0 4.6 3.6 2.1 1.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : 10.6 4.4 3.2 2.6 1.9 0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : 0.1 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.2 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.4 1.2 5.1 4.8 3.1 1.3 1.0 -0.1 -1.3 -1.1 -1.6 -1.5 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 1.9 0.3 -0.2 3.4 -3.2 -5.1 1.0 -0.7 -3.7 -2.6 -0.29.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 109.3 103.0 100.2 104.1 100.3 94.8 95.6 94.9 91.2 88.3 87.7 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


195


108. EU-27 1)(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 2.2 0.7 -1.1 0.8 0.2 -1.0 -0.5 1.1 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.81.2 Government consumption 2.0 2.5 2.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.2 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 6.3 -0.3 -11.5 -0.5 1.8 -3.0 -2.0 2.3 5.1 3.3 3.0 3.7 2.4 2.31.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 7.3 1.5 -12.0 11.1 6.7 2.3 2.4 5.0 6.5 3.5 5.3 3.3 2.5 3.11.7 Imports of goods and services 7.8 1.3 -11.7 9.8 4.8 -1.0 1.6 5.4 7.4 4.4 4.4 3.5 3.1 3.41.8 GDP 3.2 0.7 -4.3 2.1 1.8 -0.7 0.0 1.6 2.3 2.1 2.6 2.1 1.4 1.7


2.1 Consumption 1.6 0.9 -0.1 0.6 0.1 -0.6 -0.2 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.22.2 Investment 1.4 -0.1 -2.7 -0.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.4 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.52.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 -0.2 -1.3 1.0 0.4 -0.9 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 3.3 0.6 -4.1 1.5 0.9 -2.1 -0.4 1.6 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.72.5 Exports 2.9 0.6 -4.9 4.0 2.7 1.0 1.1 2.2 3.0 1.6 2.5 1.6 1.2 1.52.6 Final demand 6.2 1.2 -9.0 5.5 3.6 -1.1 0.6 3.8 5.4 4.0 4.5 3.6 2.8 3.22.7 Imports -3.0 -0.5 4.7 -3.4 -1.8 0.4 -0.7 -2.2 -3.1 -1.9 -1.9 -1.6 -1.4 -1.62.8 Net exports -0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.6 0.1 -0.2 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings 20.8 20.8 22.4 22.8 22.5 21.8 : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings 3.5 2.3 -1.4 -1.1 0.0 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.53.4 National savings 24.3 23.1 21.0 21.7 22.4 22.4 : : : : : : : 3.5 Gross capital formation 24.4 24.0 20.6 21.1 21.7 20.3 19.9 20.2 20.7 21.0 21.2 21.9 22.1 22.33.6 Current account -0.1 -0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8 2.1 : : : : : : :


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 4.0 3.5 -2.0 -0.7 0.1 -1.5 -2.6 -2.2 -1.2 -0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.74.3 Potential GDP gap 2.8 1.8 -3.4 -2.1 -1.1 -2.2 -3.0 -2.5 -1.6 -0.9 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.54.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.6 2.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 0.6 1.4 3.2 2.1 1.2 1.7 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.5 -0.1 0.5 0.85.4 Labour productivity growth 1.2 -0.3 -2.6 3.2 1.8 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 1.05.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.9 -0.9 -3.9 2.2 1.3 -0.6 0.0 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.7



7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 2.8 3.7 1.8 2.7 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.9 2.8 2.5 2.77.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.4 0.7 2.1 1.0 -0.2 0.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.1 1.0 1.17.3 Nominal unit labour costs 1.8 4.3 4.4 -0.4 0.5 1.9 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.9 1.0 2.2 2.1 1.77.4 Real unit labour costs -1.1 1.6 3.2 -1.2 -0.7 0.4 -0.3 -0.4 -1.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.2 -0.17.5 GDP deflator 2.7 2.4 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.77.6 Private consumption deflator 2.4 3.0 -0.3 1.7 2.4 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.57.7 Terms of trade : : : : : : : : : : : : :




9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.5 4.6 4.3 3.9 4.5 3.9 3.1 2.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.4 5.0 1.9 1.2 1.8 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.1 -0.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.5 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.5 1.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.2 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 5.4 2.0 -2.1 -7.3 1.0 -4.9 4.9 4.6 -5.6 1.2 1.4 6.2 -1.7 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 113.1 113.0 109.5 100.0 99.7 94.6 98.0 100.2 92.5 91.9 92.6 97.3 94.2 93.0 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)

1) EU excluding UK (a) Manufacturing industry (b) Private consumption deflator (c) GDP deflator

196


109. United Kingdom(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 3.1 1.9 3.2 4.3 3.5 0.2 0.9 2.0 2.6 3.1 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.71.2 Government consumption 2.7 1.3 1.1 2.1 4.1 1.2 0.4 2.2 1.4 0.8 -0.2 0.4 2.2 0.81.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.2 0.9 1.9 3.4 2.1 -1.5 2.7 7.2 3.4 2.3 3.5 0.2 -0.2 0.81.4 of which equipment : 1.4 1.9 1.1 2.6 -0.4 2.0 16.2 5.2 2.0 -2.7 -4.5 -4.0 0.41.5 of which construction : 1.0 4.3 4.1 1.6 -3.0 3.1 5.7 5.1 2.9 6.6 1.3 1.2 1.21.6 Exports of goods and services 5.5 3.4 5.0 6.3 4.1 1.5 3.1 2.3 4.4 1.0 5.6 0.1 2.3 2.51.7 Imports of goods and services 5.2 2.6 5.2 8.9 5.5 0.8 2.3 3.8 5.5 3.3 3.5 0.7 2.9 2.51.8 GDP 3.5 1.6 2.5 3.4 2.8 0.4 1.7 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.3


2.1 Consumption 2.4 1.4 2.2 3.2 3.0 0.4 0.7 1.8 1.9 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.22.2 Investment 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 -0.2 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.12.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.5 0.4 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand : : : 4.0 3.3 0.3 1.5 3.5 2.7 2.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.32.5 Exports 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.0 0.4 0.9 0.7 1.3 0.3 1.6 0.0 0.7 0.82.6 Final demand : : : 5.6 4.3 0.7 2.4 4.1 4.0 2.7 3.0 1.6 2.2 2.12.7 Imports -1.0 -0.6 -1.2 -2.2 -1.5 -0.3 -0.7 -1.2 -1.6 -0.9 -1.0 -0.2 -0.9 -0.82.8 Net exports 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.7 -0.5 0.2 0.2 -0.5 -0.4 -0.7 0.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 15.9 15.1 15.5 16.0 14.6 13.4 12.0 12.6 11.7 11.4 11.13.2 Net savings of households : : : 4.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.4 3.1 1.1 -0.8 -0.5 : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.3 0.5 -2.3 -3.6 -2.3 -1.1 0.0 1.2 1.6 1.7 2.03.4 National savings 21.3 19.8 19.1 17.2 15.6 13.2 12.4 12.3 12.3 12.0 13.8 13.3 13.1 13.13.5 Gross capital formation 21.0 20.1 20.9 18.4 17.7 16.7 16.0 17.3 17.2 17.3 17.2 17.2 16.9 16.63.6 Current account 0.2 -0.3 -1.8 -1.2 -2.2 -3.6 -3.6 -4.9 -4.9 -5.2 -3.3 -3.9 -3.7 -3.4


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : 79.1 82.2 81.5 78.9 78.5 80.4 82.0 82.2 80.3 82.9 81.7 : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -1.0 0.5 -0.5 1.1 0.6 -2.1 -0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.24.3 Potential GDP gap : -0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 -1.0 -2.7 -0.5 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.34.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 93.3 117.6 134.7 128.9 124.3 122.2 128.9 128.8 128.8 128.3 126.5 124.7 124.3

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.1 1.8 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.65.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 2.8 1.9 1.9 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.3 -0.7 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.95.4 Labour productivity growth 3.1 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.8 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.55.5 Total factor productivity growth 2.0 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.5 -0.4 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.2


6.1 Employment 0.3 -0.1 0.6 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.9 2.4 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.86.2 Activity rate : : : 75.4 75.7 76.4 77.3 78.3 78.7 79.1 79.3 79.3 79.3 79.36.3 Employment rate : : : 70.6 72.0 71.6 71.3 73.6 74.5 75.3 75.9 76.1 76.0 76.0 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.9 6.8 9.0 6.4 4.9 6.3 7.8 6.1 5.3 4.8 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.2 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 8.2 13.8 6.4 5.0 4.2 3.4 1.9 0.6 1.1 2.8 3.1 2.7 3.1 3.27.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.8 1.2 1.7 3.4 3.0 1.1 -0.8 -1.3 0.6 1.3 1.0 0.4 1.6 1.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs 4.9 11.9 4.3 2.9 2.3 3.3 1.1 0.0 0.5 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.67.4 Real unit labour costs -0.5 -0.7 -0.4 1.1 0.2 1.0 -0.7 -1.7 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.7 0.67.5 GDP deflator 5.4 12.7 4.7 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.7 0.4 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.07.6 Private consumption deflator 5.3 12.4 4.6 1.6 1.1 2.3 2.7 1.9 0.5 1.5 2.1 2.3 1.5 1.67.7 Terms of trade -0.4 0.5 -0.1 0.7 0.9 -0.3 -0.1 1.3 1.5 1.9 -0.4 -0.4 0.9 0.9




9.1 Long-term interest rate 7.6 13.0 9.5 6.2 4.8 4.1 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 6.8 11.9 9.9 6.4 4.4 3.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.7 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.8 1.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.5 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 2.0 0.4 4.5 4.4 2.6 1.8 0.5 0.4 1.3 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 6.0 0.0 -4.5 0.3 6.9 6.0 -10.1 -5.6 2.0 1.1 0.39.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 124.0 125.3 111.6 102.9 110.6 116.2 104.0 99.1 101.4 102.4 102.7 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


197


110. EU-28(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 2.3 0.5 -1.4 0.8 0.0 -0.6 -0.1 1.2 2.1 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.71.2 Government consumption 1.8 2.4 2.2 0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.4 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.31.3 Gross fixed capital formation 6.2 -0.9 -11.7 0.0 1.9 -2.4 -1.3 2.9 4.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.1 2.11.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 6.3 1.3 -11.6 10.5 6.7 2.2 2.3 4.7 6.3 3.2 5.4 3.0 2.5 3.11.7 Imports of goods and services 6.4 0.9 -11.3 9.6 4.3 -0.5 1.8 5.2 7.2 4.3 4.3 3.2 3.1 3.31.8 GDP 3.1 0.5 -4.3 2.1 1.8 -0.4 0.3 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.4 1.6


2.1 Consumption 1.7 0.7 -0.4 0.6 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.9 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.22.2 Investment 1.4 -0.2 -2.6 0.0 0.4 -0.5 -0.3 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.2 -0.3 -1.2 1.0 0.3 -0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand 3.1 0.3 -4.1 1.6 0.7 -1.5 0.0 1.9 2.5 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.72.5 Exports 2.3 0.5 -4.5 3.7 2.6 0.9 1.0 2.0 2.7 1.4 2.4 1.4 1.2 1.42.6 Final demand 5.4 0.8 -8.7 5.3 3.3 -0.6 1.0 3.9 5.2 3.7 4.2 3.3 2.7 3.12.7 Imports -2.3 -0.3 4.4 -3.2 -1.6 0.2 -0.7 -2.1 -2.9 -1.7 -1.7 -1.3 -1.3 -1.42.8 Net exports 0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.6 0.0 -0.2 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings 19.7 19.8 21.6 22.1 21.8 20.9 : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households 2.9 3.1 4.3 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.6 1.9 : : 3.3 General government savings 2.9 1.8 -2.0 -1.7 -0.6 -0.1 0.3 0.6 1.1 1.5 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.43.4 National savings 22.6 21.6 19.6 20.4 21.2 20.8 : : : : : : : 3.5 Gross capital formation 23.3 22.9 19.8 20.4 20.9 19.6 19.4 19.7 20.1 20.4 20.6 21.2 21.3 21.43.6 Current account -0.7 -1.3 -0.1 0.0 0.4 1.2 : : : : : : :


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 84.2 82.8 71.9 76.7 80.4 79.2 78.8 80.4 81.0 81.3 82.7 83.5 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap 4.0 3.3 -2.2 -1.1 -0.3 -1.6 -2.4 -1.9 -0.9 -0.3 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.64.3 Potential GDP gap 2.6 1.5 -3.6 -2.4 -1.5 -2.3 -2.8 -2.1 -1.3 -0.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.54.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 2.6 2.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.55.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.95.3 Growth of capital intensity 0.7 1.3 3.1 2.0 1.1 1.5 1.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.6 0.85.4 Labour productivity growth 1.2 -0.5 -2.6 2.9 1.7 0.2 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.95.5 Total factor productivity growth 0.9 -1.0 -3.8 2.1 1.2 -0.4 0.2 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.6



7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 3.2 3.1 1.9 2.8 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.8 2.6 2.87.2 Real wages per head (b) 0.8 -0.1 2.0 1.1 -0.6 0.0 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.27.3 Nominal unit labour costs 2.1 3.8 4.5 -0.1 0.4 1.9 1.1 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.2 2.3 2.1 1.97.4 Real unit labour costs -0.7 1.1 3.2 -1.0 -0.9 0.4 -0.2 -0.7 -1.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.3 0.07.5 GDP deflator 2.6 2.5 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.87.6 Private consumption deflator 2.3 3.2 -0.1 1.7 2.6 2.0 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6




9.1 Long-term interest rate 4.6 4.6 4.2 3.8 4.3 3.6 2.9 2.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.6 5.1 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -0.1 -0.5 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.6 1.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.1 1.6 1.1 0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 5.4 2.0 -2.1 -7.3 1.0 -4.9 4.9 4.6 -5.6 1.2 1.4 6.2 -1.7 -0.19.6 Real effective exchange rate 113.1 113.0 109.5 100.0 99.7 94.6 98.0 100.2 92.5 91.9 92.6 97.3 94.2 93.0 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI)


198


111. EU-15(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 4.8 2.2 2.6 2.9 1.9 0.7 -0.3 1.1 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.51.2 Government consumption 4.6 3.0 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.8 0.1 1.0 1.4 1.7 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.11.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.8 0.3 2.5 4.1 1.4 -0.6 -0.8 2.6 4.7 3.9 2.8 2.9 1.8 2.01.4 of which equipment : : 2.8 6.5 1.0 0.1 -0.7 5.6 5.3 5.1 4.1 3.3 1.0 2.21.5 of which construction : -0.7 2.5 2.1 1.3 -2.1 -1.9 0.8 1.4 3.3 4.4 2.8 2.0 1.71.6 Exports of goods and services 8.0 4.3 5.3 8.1 4.0 2.5 3.4 4.4 6.3 2.7 5.0 2.7 2.2 2.91.7 Imports of goods and services 8.7 3.0 5.6 8.8 3.9 2.3 1.6 4.8 7.2 4.0 3.7 2.7 2.7 3.11.8 GDP 4.9 2.1 2.4 2.9 1.8 0.7 0.4 1.7 2.2 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.2 1.5


2.1 Consumption 3.5 1.8 : 1.2 1.5 0.8 -0.1 0.9 1.4 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.12.2 Investment 1.4 0.1 : -0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.1 : 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.02.4 Domestic demand : : : 0.0 1.7 0.7 -0.3 1.7 2.4 2.3 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.52.5 Exports 1.5 1.1 : 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.8 2.6 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.0 1.32.6 Final demand : : : 0.0 3.0 1.6 1.0 3.5 5.0 3.5 3.7 2.9 2.3 2.82.7 Imports -1.6 -0.7 : -1.0 -1.2 -0.8 -0.6 -1.8 -2.8 -1.6 -1.4 -1.1 -1.1 -1.32.8 Net exports -0.1 0.3 : 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.7 0.1 -0.1 0.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : : 20.4 20.3 20.8 21.2 20.9 20.8 21.0 20.9 20.8 21.0 21.03.2 Net savings of households : : : 5.5 4.8 4.5 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.0 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : 1.5 1.3 0.6 -0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.43.4 National savings 25.0 22.3 : 21.9 21.5 21.4 21.0 21.4 21.8 22.4 23.3 23.5 23.4 23.43.5 Gross capital formation 26.1 23.4 : 21.5 21.3 21.4 19.7 19.5 19.8 20.3 20.5 21.0 21.1 21.23.6 Current account 0.4 -0.5 : 0.3 0.3 -0.1 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (b) (c) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap (b) : -0.3 : -0.4 0.4 1.1 -1.4 -1.8 -0.9 -0.3 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.54.3 Potential GDP gap (b) : -0.5 : 0.1 0.6 -0.2 -2.3 -2.2 -1.4 -0.7 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.44.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) (a) 100.0 82.3 101.3 117.8 121.0 115.2 104.9 107.3 112.1 113.1 114.4 113.1 111.9 111.8

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) (a) 4.4 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) (b) 2.9 3.0 : 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.05.3 Growth of capital intensity (a) 4.0 2.7 1.8 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.4 0.65.4 Labour productivity growth (a) 4.7 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.75.5 Total factor productivity growth (a) 3.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.5 -0.2 0.2 0.8 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.5


6.1 Employment (a) 0.3 0.1 0.7 1.6 1.0 0.4 -0.1 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.76.2 Activity rate (b) 64.5 64.1 : 68.2 70.7 72.8 73.8 74.5 74.7 75.3 75.7 76.0 76.3 76.46.3 Employment rate (b) 63.0 60.0 : 61.8 65.2 67.0 66.2 66.7 67.5 68.6 69.5 70.4 70.9 71.3 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate (b) : : : 9.3 7.9 8.2 10.4 10.5 9.8 9.0 8.2 7.5 7.1 6.8 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 9.8 11.5 5.3 2.6 2.9 2.6 1.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.47.2 Real wages per head (d) 4.9 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.0 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.97.3 Nominal unit labour costs 5.1 9.5 3.5 1.3 1.9 2.3 1.2 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.9 1.77.4 Real unit labour costs -0.1 -0.4 -0.8 -0.3 -0.3 0.5 0.0 -0.6 -0.9 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.2 0.07.5 GDP deflator 5.1 9.9 4.1 1.5 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.77.6 Private consumption deflator 4.7 10.2 4.0 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.9 0.8 0.4 0.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


8.2 Total revenue : : : 44.5 43.4 44.0 45.1 45.5 45.0 45.1 45.3 45.5 45.3 45.18.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : : -2.0 -2.4 -3.6 -4.1 -2.9 -2.4 -1.7 -1.0 -0.6 -1.0 -0.98.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : -2.0 -2.8 -3.5 -2.8 -1.7 -1.7 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 -1.1 -1.28.5 Debt (end of period) : 49.6 : 61.3 63.0 81.9 90.6 91.6 89.3 88.0 86.5 85.0 83.7 82.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


9.2 Short-term interest rate (b) 5.6 11.2 : 4.7 3.1 2.9 0.8 0.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) (b) 1.3 0.7 : 1.1 1.3 1.0 2.6 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.3 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (b) (e) 1.8 1.2 : : 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate (a) : : 4.5 2.1 6.3 -0.1 1.0 5.3 -4.9 -0.3 2.9 8.0 -0.8 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate (a) : : 117.6 110.0 106.3 109.3 99.8 105.6 99.4 97.9 99.7 105.9 103.4 102.2 (2010=100; based on HICP/CPI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

(a) 1961-91: including West-Germany (b) 1961-90: including West-Germany (c) Manufacturing industry

199


112. Albania(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 12.7 10.1 0.7 1.6 1.8 0.1 1.8 2.8 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.9 2.9 2.81.2 Government consumption 3.4 4.4 3.7 4.0 0.7 0.1 2.9 6.4 -1.1 4.7 2.9 -1.1 1.8 3.01.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.6 4.4 1.0 -8.5 5.9 -7.9 -2.0 -4.5 3.5 2.4 5.5 2.8 3.2 3.81.4 of which equipment 39.5 20.7 -6.2 -13.2 9.1 -9.3 0.6 2.3 10.0 9.6 0.5 : : 1.5 of which construction -0.7 1.8 1.9 -9.2 5.1 -9.6 -4.5 -5.5 5.7 1.6 8.0 2.8 3.2 3.81.6 Exports of goods and services 19.1 -4.6 4.7 19.2 6.7 0.3 1.6 1.2 1.0 11.3 12.9 3.0 5.9 6.71.7 Imports of goods and services 19.4 3.6 -1.1 -0.6 6.2 -6.7 -0.6 4.3 -2.9 6.9 8.1 3.9 4.4 5.11.8 GDP 6.0 7.5 3.4 3.7 2.5 1.4 1.0 1.8 2.2 3.3 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.7


2.1 Consumption 10.0 8.6 1.0 1.7 1.5 0.1 1.7 2.9 0.8 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.42.2 Investment 1.6 1.5 0.3 -2.7 1.7 -2.3 -0.5 -1.2 0.9 0.6 1.3 0.7 0.8 0.92.3 Stockbuilding 0.0 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 -0.5 0.9 0.72.4 Domestic demand 11.5 12.0 1.4 -0.8 3.4 -2.4 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.3 3.0 2.3 4.0 3.92.5 Exports 4.6 -1.3 1.1 4.7 1.9 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 3.2 4.0 1.0 1.9 2.12.6 Final demand 16.1 10.7 2.6 3.9 5.2 -2.3 1.7 1.7 1.9 5.3 6.7 3.3 5.9 6.12.7 Imports -9.5 -2.0 0.6 0.3 -3.0 3.4 0.3 -1.9 1.3 -3.1 -3.7 -1.8 -2.1 -2.42.8 Net exports -4.8 -3.2 1.7 5.0 -1.1 3.5 0.8 -1.6 1.6 0.2 0.3 -0.8 -0.3 -0.3


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings : : : : : : : : : : : : 18.1 18.23.5 Gross capital formation 36.4 35.8 34.6 30.3 31.4 28.3 28.1 25.7 25.8 25.2 25.0 24.2 24.4 24.53.6 Current account -10.7 -15.7 -15.4 -11.3 -12.9 -10.2 -9.3 -10.8 -8.6 -7.6 -7.5 -6.7 -6.7 -6.8


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth -17.3 14.7 0.1 3.1 3.2 13.4 5.6 : : : : : : 5.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment 28.1 -6.3 3.3 0.6 -0.7 -10.6 -4.3 : : : : : : 6.2 Activity rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6.3 Employment rate 61.4 57.7 59.6 59.7 59.0 52.5 50.1 : : : : : : (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.2 Real wages per head (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 Real unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.5 GDP deflator 4.4 4.1 2.4 4.5 2.3 1.0 0.3 1.5 0.6 -0.6 1.5 0.7 2.1 2.07.6 Private consumption deflator 3.4 3.3 2.3 3.0 3.3 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.47.7 Terms of trade 0.3 2.6 -1.5 -5.1 -2.8 0.6 -1.0 0.1 -1.5 -0.8 2.5 3.7 1.0 -0.2


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : : 27.8 27.7 28.18.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -3.5 -5.6 -7.1 -3.1 -3.5 -3.4 -5.0 -5.2 -4.1 -1.8 -2.0 1.5 1.5 1.48.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 50.6 51.8 55.9 54.1 55.6 58.2 61.7 66.1 68.7 68.7 66.9 68.1 66.0 64.0


9.1 Long-term interest rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : : : : : : : : : : :


200


113. Montenegro(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 11.8 11.2 -14.2 2.0 0.5 -3.9 1.6 2.9 2.2 5.4 3.9 4.5 2.3 2.11.2 Government consumption 10.8 1.6 0.6 -0.4 -0.3 3.0 1.3 1.4 1.9 0.8 -1.4 2.5 1.3 2.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 79.8 31.6 -28.9 -18.5 -7.2 -2.4 10.7 -2.5 11.9 38.4 18.7 14.8 5.8 2.01.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 30.0 1.7 -12.7 7.5 14.6 -0.3 -1.3 -0.7 5.7 5.9 1.8 9.5 4.1 3.81.7 Imports of goods and services 43.8 17.4 -27.8 -3.1 0.3 0.6 -3.1 1.6 4.4 15.3 8.4 9.3 3.7 1.91.8 GDP 6.8 7.2 -5.8 2.7 3.2 -2.7 3.5 1.8 3.4 2.9 4.7 4.9 2.9 3.1


2.1 Consumption 13.1 10.1 -12.7 1.6 0.3 -2.6 1.6 2.6 2.2 4.4 2.8 3.8 1.9 2.02.2 Investment 18.2 10.4 -11.3 -5.1 -1.6 -0.5 2.1 -0.5 2.3 7.7 4.6 4.0 1.7 0.62.3 Stockbuilding -2.8 0.9 -2.6 1.7 -0.7 0.9 -1.7 1.0 -0.7 -2.4 1.9 -0.9 0.0 0.12.4 Domestic demand 28.6 21.4 -26.6 -1.8 -2.0 -2.2 2.0 3.0 3.7 9.7 9.3 6.9 3.7 2.72.5 Exports 12.2 0.7 -5.0 2.6 5.4 -0.1 -0.6 -0.3 2.3 2.5 0.7 3.9 1.8 1.72.6 Final demand 40.7 22.1 -31.6 0.7 3.4 -2.3 1.4 2.7 6.0 12.2 10.0 10.8 5.4 4.42.7 Imports -33.9 -14.9 25.8 2.0 -0.2 -0.4 2.1 -1.0 -2.6 -9.3 -5.3 -6.0 -2.5 -1.32.8 Net exports -21.8 -14.2 20.8 4.6 5.2 -0.6 1.5 -1.3 -0.3 -6.8 -4.6 -2.1 -0.7 0.4


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings : : : : : : : : : : : : 15.5 17.13.5 Gross capital formation 34.8 41.2 26.9 21.8 19.3 20.6 19.6 20.2 20.1 26.1 30.2 31.4 32.0 31.73.6 Current account -39.4 -49.5 -27.7 -20.3 -14.8 -15.3 -11.4 -12.4 -11.0 -16.2 -16.1 -17.2 -16.5 -14.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : 63.1 60.2 60.3 61.5 62.9 64.0 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth -10.5 4.0 -3.2 4.4 10.3 -5.1 3.1 -5.0 0.9 1.8 2.4 2.5 1.5 1.95.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment 19.3 3.1 -2.7 -1.6 -6.4 2.6 0.4 7.1 2.5 1.1 2.3 2.3 1.4 1.26.2 Activity rate 63.8 63.6 63.2 62.1 57.9 59.2 59.3 62.4 63.8 64.9 64.8 65.7 66.2 67.06.3 Employment rate 51.4 52.7 51.0 49.9 46.5 47.5 47.7 51.2 52.6 53.4 54.4 55.5 56.4 57.0 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 19.4 17.2 19.2 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.5 18.0 17.6 17.7 16.1 15.5 14.8 15.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.2 Real wages per head (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 Real unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.5 GDP deflator 16.0 7.6 2.4 1.6 1.2 0.2 2.1 1.0 2.2 5.1 3.8 2.5 1.9 2.17.6 Private consumption deflator 4.1 5.9 2.6 2.2 3.7 2.9 1.9 -1.0 2.0 -0.4 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.97.7 Terms of trade 5.9 -2.0 2.4 1.0 -2.4 -1.6 3.0 1.7 2.6 0.8 5.3 0.5 2.2 0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : : 44.5 39.68.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : : : 42.0 41.48.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 6.7 -0.5 -5.8 -4.8 -5.4 -5.7 -5.2 -3.1 -7.3 -2.8 -5.6 -2.6 -2.6 1.88.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 27.4 28.8 38.1 40.7 45.4 53.4 57.5 59.9 66.2 64.4 64.2 70.6 68.4 64.5




201


114. North Macedonia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 7.6 4.8 -3.3 3.8 -5.4 1.2 1.9 2.2 4.4 3.9 0.7 2.9 2.9 3.01.2 Government consumption 3.7 10.2 0.2 -3.6 1.2 2.4 0.5 3.0 3.9 -4.9 -2.5 6.2 2.6 2.41.3 Gross fixed capital formation 17.5 17.8 2.7 -4.0 13.3 6.5 3.5 4.0 10.5 9.9 6.0 -3.6 7.5 9.01.4 of which equipment : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.5 of which construction : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 13.8 -4.7 -13.9 23.7 16.1 2.0 6.1 16.5 8.5 9.1 8.1 15.3 8.0 8.51.7 Imports of goods and services 15.0 5.1 -12.3 10.4 8.0 8.2 2.2 14.1 9.9 11.1 6.4 9.0 8.2 9.11.8 GDP 6.5 5.5 -0.4 3.4 2.3 -0.5 2.9 3.6 3.9 2.8 0.2 2.7 3.0 3.2


2.1 Consumption 6.6 5.4 -2.6 2.2 -3.8 1.3 1.5 2.1 3.8 1.8 0.1 2.8 2.2 2.32.2 Investment 3.5 4.0 0.7 -1.0 3.1 1.5 0.8 0.9 2.5 2.4 1.5 -0.9 1.9 2.42.3 Stockbuilding -0.7 1.3 -0.9 0.0 1.3 1.2 -0.7 2.1 0.1 1.5 -1.2 -1.5 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 9.5 10.7 -2.7 1.2 0.6 4.1 1.6 5.2 6.3 5.6 0.3 0.4 4.1 4.72.5 Exports 5.2 -2.1 -6.0 7.8 6.4 0.9 2.8 7.2 4.0 4.4 4.1 8.5 4.9 5.42.6 Final demand 14.7 8.6 -8.7 9.0 7.0 5.0 4.4 12.3 10.3 10.1 4.5 8.9 8.9 10.12.7 Imports -8.2 -3.2 8.4 -5.6 -4.6 -5.4 -1.4 -8.7 -6.5 -7.2 -4.2 -6.2 -5.9 -6.92.8 Net exports -3.0 -5.2 2.4 2.1 1.8 -4.5 1.3 -1.5 -2.4 -2.8 -0.1 2.2 -1.1 -1.6


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings 16.8 15.2 19.0 22.4 24.4 25.8 27.2 29.8 28.5 29.7 32.0 32.7 33.6 34.83.5 Gross capital formation 23.7 27.9 25.7 24.5 26.9 28.9 28.8 30.3 30.4 32.5 33.0 33.0 34.9 36.73.6 Current account -6.9 -12.7 -6.8 -2.0 -2.5 -3.2 -1.6 -0.5 -2.0 -2.9 -1.0 -0.3 -1.3 -2.0


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : 67.0 63.8 68.3 66.8 67.8 72.2 69.6 71.8 70.9 72.9 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth 3.4 -2.3 -4.6 7.2 0.9 -1.6 -2.5 1.2 2.0 1.3 -2.1 2.3 0.6 0.85.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment 3.0 7.9 4.4 -3.6 1.4 1.2 5.6 2.4 1.9 1.6 2.4 0.4 2.4 2.36.2 Activity rate 66.4 69.1 70.0 68.0 68.0 68.2 69.9 70.6 70.3 69.6 : : : 6.3 Employment rate 44.3 47.5 49.3 47.3 47.8 48.2 50.9 52.2 53.3 54.2 : : : (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 34.9 33.8 32.2 32.0 31.4 31.0 29.0 28.0 26.2 25.6 24.3 22.6 22.1 21.5 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head -3.0 8.2 3.6 4.6 1.1 -2.0 -4.2 5.0 2.1 6.4 0.9 1.7 2.2 2.57.2 Real wages per head (b) -4.2 0.3 2.6 4.5 -7.9 -1.3 -6.5 4.9 2.1 6.8 -0.4 0.1 1.2 1.57.3 Nominal unit labour costs -6.2 10.7 8.5 -2.5 0.2 -0.4 -1.7 3.7 0.2 5.0 3.1 -0.6 1.6 1.77.4 Real unit labour costs -10.3 5.0 8.2 -4.4 -3.4 -1.3 -5.9 2.2 -1.8 1.5 -0.3 -4.7 -0.8 0.07.5 GDP deflator 4.6 5.5 0.3 2.0 3.7 1.0 4.5 1.4 2.0 3.5 3.4 4.3 2.4 1.77.6 Private consumption deflator 1.3 7.9 0.9 0.0 9.7 -0.7 2.5 0.1 0.0 -0.4 1.4 1.6 1.0 1.07.7 Terms of trade 4.2 -2.0 -2.8 1.3 -3.2 1.0 0.2 2.0 3.5 5.0 1.9 -2.2 0.1 -0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : : 30.5 30.78.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : : : 27.5 28.28.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) 0.6 -0.9 -2.6 -2.4 -2.5 -3.8 -3.8 -4.2 -3.5 -2.7 -2.7 -1.8 -3.0 -2.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 23.5 20.5 23.6 24.1 27.7 33.7 34.0 38.1 38.1 39.9 39.5 40.5 43.2 44.0




202


115. Serbia(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 7.7 4.5 -3.3 -0.6 1.4 -1.7 -1.7 -0.1 -0.3 1.3 1.9 3.3 3.9 3.41.2 Government consumption 0.9 3.5 -1.7 0.0 1.6 0.4 -2.1 0.9 -3.7 1.2 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.21.3 Gross fixed capital formation 25.5 8.1 -22.5 -6.5 4.7 13.9 -12.0 -3.4 4.9 5.4 7.3 9.2 7.8 7.51.4 of which equipment 45.8 13.9 -33.3 -6.8 1.6 33.1 -8.3 -4.3 2.4 7.4 7.8 : : 1.5 of which construction 9.1 0.8 -12.1 -7.5 6.2 -0.7 -20.9 -2.6 1.6 7.8 8.9 0.0 : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 3.8 12.6 -11.5 16.9 5.6 2.9 18.0 4.3 9.4 11.9 8.2 8.9 6.1 9.31.7 Imports of goods and services 21.4 10.1 -21.9 -0.1 7.2 -0.6 6.5 5.1 4.0 6.7 11.1 11.1 8.1 8.71.8 GDP 6.4 5.7 -2.7 0.7 2.0 -0.7 2.9 -1.6 1.8 3.3 2.0 4.3 3.1 3.8


2.1 Consumption 6.0 4.1 -2.9 -0.5 1.4 -1.2 -1.7 0.1 -0.9 1.1 1.9 2.9 3.4 2.92.2 Investment 5.4 1.9 -5.3 -1.2 0.8 2.4 -2.4 -0.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.62.3 Stockbuilding 4.1 1.1 -2.3 -2.1 1.2 -3.1 3.7 -0.4 -0.1 -0.6 0.9 1.6 0.1 -0.12.4 Domestic demand 15.5 7.1 -10.4 -3.7 3.4 -1.9 -0.4 -0.9 -0.2 1.4 4.0 6.2 5.0 4.42.5 Exports 1.1 3.4 -3.3 4.4 1.8 0.9 6.5 1.7 4.0 5.4 4.0 4.5 3.3 5.22.6 Final demand 16.6 10.5 -13.7 0.7 5.2 -1.0 6.1 0.9 3.8 6.8 8.0 10.7 8.3 9.62.7 Imports -10.2 -4.9 11.0 0.0 -3.2 0.3 -3.2 -2.4 -2.0 -3.5 -5.9 -6.4 -5.1 -5.82.8 Net exports -9.1 -1.4 7.7 4.5 -1.4 1.2 3.3 -0.7 2.0 1.9 -2.0 -1.9 -1.9 -0.6


3.1 Private sector savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.4 National savings 7.6 6.5 12.4 11.1 8.0 8.4 11.6 10.9 15.1 15.0 14.4 16.4 15.7 16.43.5 Gross capital formation 25.0 26.4 18.7 17.6 18.3 19.3 17.4 16.5 18.6 17.9 19.6 21.5 22.1 22.43.6 Current account -17.3 -20.0 -6.3 -6.5 -10.3 -10.9 -5.8 -5.6 -3.5 -2.9 -5.2 -5.2 -6.3 -6.0


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : 63.6 68.2 70.8 71.9 73.8 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5.4 Labour productivity growth 5.4 -0.6 4.9 10.0 8.5 0.4 -0.8 -11.2 1.2 -2.2 -0.7 2.9 2.3 2.55.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : : : : : : : : : : :


6.1 Employment 1.0 6.3 -7.3 -8.4 -6.0 -1.1 3.7 10.8 0.6 5.6 2.8 1.4 0.8 1.26.2 Activity rate 65.2 65.9 63.0 59.8 59.1 59.7 61.0 65.9 65.9 68.4 69.7 68.0 67.6 67.26.3 Employment rate 53.5 56.9 52.8 48.4 45.6 45.4 47.5 53.3 54.3 58.0 60.3 59.4 60.1 61.2 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 18.1 13.6 16.1 19.2 23.0 23.9 22.1 19.2 17.7 15.3 13.5 12.7 11.0 9.0 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.2 Real wages per head (b) : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.4 Real unit labour costs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7.5 GDP deflator 8.7 9.1 7.9 5.7 8.9 6.2 5.1 2.6 1.8 1.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.17.6 Private consumption deflator 6.6 10.2 8.4 7.6 9.7 7.3 6.2 1.8 1.9 2.0 3.0 2.1 2.3 2.57.7 Terms of trade 6.5 -2.0 3.6 -6.6 0.8 -3.1 3.5 2.0 -1.9 0.1 -0.1 -0.9 0.1 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.2 Total revenue : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -1.8 -2.5 -4.2 -4.3 -4.5 -6.4 -5.1 -6.2 -3.5 -1.2 1.1 0.6 -0.5 -0.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 28.1 24.6 30.3 48.9 43.5 54.3 56.7 65.4 70.7 68.6 60.1 54.5 50.9 48.0




203


116. Turkey(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 5.3 0.3 -3.7 10.8 12.3 3.2 7.9 3.0 5.4 3.7 6.1 1.1 -3.6 4.01.2 Government consumption 7.0 3.5 8.1 1.7 1.1 6.8 8.0 3.1 3.9 9.5 5.0 3.6 3.5 4.01.3 Gross fixed capital formation 5.5 -2.7 -20.5 22.5 23.8 2.7 13.8 5.1 9.3 2.2 7.8 -1.7 -12.9 9.21.4 of which equipment 1.2 -5.6 -22.2 27.6 28.4 -4.4 8.1 3.9 18.5 1.2 0.7 -8.9 2.8 2.51.5 of which construction 5.8 -6.9 -14.7 18.1 22.5 7.2 21.1 6.5 4.7 2.8 12.0 2.5 5.7 5.61.6 Exports of goods and services 7.3 3.8 -3.7 1.7 13.4 14.9 1.1 8.2 4.3 -1.9 11.9 7.5 5.1 3.31.7 Imports of goods and services 9.6 -2.8 -14.3 19.5 15.4 0.7 8.0 -0.4 1.7 3.7 10.3 -7.9 -7.8 8.41.8 GDP 5.0 0.8 -4.7 8.5 11.1 4.8 8.5 5.2 6.1 3.2 7.4 2.6 -2.3 3.9


2.1 Consumption 4.2 0.7 -1.1 6.9 7.9 2.9 6.1 2.3 3.8 3.5 4.4 1.2 -1.6 2.92.2 Investment 1.5 -0.8 -5.4 5.0 5.9 0.7 3.8 1.5 2.6 0.7 2.3 -0.5 -3.6 2.32.3 Stockbuilding 1.4 0.8 -5.0 5.4 -0.5 -3.2 3.2 -0.3 -1.1 0.4 0.7 -2.2 -0.5 -0.22.4 Domestic demand 7.1 0.7 -11.5 17.3 13.3 0.5 13.1 3.4 5.4 4.6 7.4 -1.6 -6.1 5.22.5 Exports 1.5 0.8 -0.8 0.4 2.8 3.1 0.2 1.7 0.9 -0.4 2.5 1.6 1.2 0.82.6 Final demand 8.6 1.5 -12.4 17.7 16.0 3.6 13.3 5.2 6.3 4.1 9.9 0.2 -4.4 6.02.7 Imports -2.4 0.7 3.7 -4.5 -3.9 -0.2 -2.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.9 -2.4 1.9 1.8 -1.82.8 Net exports -0.9 1.5 2.9 -4.1 -1.2 2.9 -1.8 1.8 0.5 -1.3 0.1 3.5 3.0 -1.0


3.1 Private sector savings : : 22.9 19.3 19.2 18.9 18.9 20.5 20.5 21.7 23.4 24.2 26.3 26.13.2 Net savings of households : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3.3 General government savings : : -1.5 2.0 3.3 3.9 4.3 3.9 4.3 2.7 2.0 1.5 0.7 1.23.4 National savings 23.2 23.8 21.4 21.3 22.5 22.8 23.2 24.4 24.8 24.4 25.4 25.6 26.9 27.33.5 Gross capital formation 28.7 28.9 23.0 27.0 31.3 28.3 29.8 29.0 28.4 28.2 31.0 29.2 25.7 27.83.6 Current account -5.5 -5.1 -1.7 -5.7 -8.8 -5.5 -6.6 -4.6 -3.6 -3.8 -5.5 -3.6 1.2 -0.5


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) 82.4 79.9 65.8 73.9 76.9 77.0 76.7 75.3 76.8 77.5 78.5 77.0 : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) : : : 25.6 31.1 23.4 23.3 19.5 18.2 15.1 14.3 11.2 5.8 6.45.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) : : 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.45.3 Growth of capital intensity : : : 18.3 22.9 19.9 19.9 17.6 15.1 12.6 10.1 8.7 6.0 3.35.4 Labour productivity growth 3.4 -1.3 -5.1 2.2 4.1 1.8 5.5 3.5 3.3 1.0 3.5 0.2 -2.1 0.95.5 Total factor productivity growth : : : -6.7 -6.9 -7.7 -4.4 -5.2 -4.2 -5.3 -1.8 -4.2 -5.2 -0.9


6.1 Employment 1.5 2.2 0.4 6.2 6.7 2.9 2.8 1.6 2.7 2.2 3.9 2.3 -0.2 3.06.2 Activity rate 49.0 49.6 50.5 51.6 53.0 53.3 54.3 55.1 56.0 56.8 58.4 59.0 60.2 61.26.3 Employment rate 44.6 44.7 44.1 46.0 48.3 48.9 49.6 49.6 50.2 50.6 52.0 52.6 51.8 53.0 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 9.1 10.0 13.0 11.1 9.1 8.4 9.0 9.9 10.3 10.9 10.9 11.0 14.0 13.6 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 10.6 9.8 6.0 8.4 9.4 12.4 10.3 14.8 12.8 20.2 8.5 15.9 11.0 10.57.2 Real wages per head (b) 3.7 -0.9 1.0 1.7 1.9 4.4 4.0 6.6 4.6 12.8 -2.0 0.9 -1.7 1.07.3 Nominal unit labour costs 6.9 11.3 11.7 6.1 5.0 10.5 4.5 10.9 9.1 19.1 4.9 15.7 13.4 9.67.4 Real unit labour costs 0.6 -0.7 6.0 -0.9 -2.9 2.8 -1.6 3.2 1.2 10.2 -5.4 -0.4 -0.6 -1.17.5 GDP deflator 6.2 12.0 5.4 7.0 8.2 7.4 6.3 7.4 7.8 8.1 10.8 16.2 14.1 10.87.6 Private consumption deflator 6.6 10.8 5.0 6.6 7.3 7.7 6.1 7.7 7.8 6.6 10.8 14.9 12.9 9.57.7 Terms of trade 1.7 -3.0 2.0 -2.3 -7.3 -0.9 2.4 -0.2 2.1 3.9 -5.7 -2.6 -0.6 0.0


8.1 Total expenditure : : 38.0 35.5 33.6 33.5 32.8 32.1 31.9 34.1 34.2 32.9 33.2 32.88.2 Total revenue : : 31.8 32.9 32.8 33.3 33.0 32.3 32.6 33.0 31.4 30.3 30.3 30.38.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : -6.2 -2.7 -0.7 -0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 -1.1 -2.8 -2.6 -3.0 -2.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 38.2 38.1 43.9 40.1 36.5 32.7 31.4 28.8 27.6 28.3 28.3 31.1 30.9 29.3


9.1 Long-term interest rate 16.8 18.9 12.9 9.6 9.3 8.5 7.8 9.2 9.3 10.2 11.1 15.9 : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 17.8 17.0 10.2 7.6 : : : : : : : : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) -1.0 1.9 2.7 2.0 : : : : : : : : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 10.0 6.2 7.2 2.4 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.9 0.2 -0.2 : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate 2.3 -3.7 -9.9 4.3 -14.2 -2.1 -6.1 -11.4 -6.3 -7.6 -18.3 -25.2 -12.4 -1.49.6 Real effective exchange rate 94.5 96.0 90.5 100.0 88.1 91.5 90.5 85.8 85.3 84.0 74.9 63.9 62.0 65.7


204


117. Japan(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 8.7 3.4 3.3 1.0 1.3 0.5 1.3 -0.9 -0.2 -0.1 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.31.2 Government consumption 4.9 4.4 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.7 0.5 1.5 1.4 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.81.3 Gross fixed capital formation 14.0 1.9 4.2 -0.1 -0.9 -3.4 3.4 3.1 1.6 -0.3 3.0 1.1 1.6 1.11.4 of which equipment : 4.4 5.0 2.1 2.1 -2.4 2.8 5.0 2.8 -1.8 4.9 : : : 1.5 of which construction : 0.2 3.4 -2.6 -4.4 -5.6 4.8 1.6 0.3 1.3 2.9 : : : 1.6 Exports of goods and services 14.1 9.1 3.5 5.5 6.2 3.1 0.1 9.3 2.9 1.7 6.8 3.1 1.7 2.11.7 Imports of goods and services 14.3 1.7 7.3 3.3 3.8 0.2 4.8 8.3 0.8 -1.6 3.4 3.3 1.7 1.61.8 GDP 9.4 3.8 3.3 1.1 1.2 0.1 1.1 0.4 1.2 0.6 1.9 0.8 0.8 0.6


2.1 Consumption 6.0 2.5 2.3 0.9 1.0 0.5 1.1 -0.4 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.32.2 Investment 3.6 0.5 1.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 0.7 0.7 0.4 -0.1 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.32.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.02.4 Domestic demand 9.7 3.0 3.6 0.8 0.8 -0.3 1.8 0.4 0.9 0.0 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.62.5 Exports 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.0 1.5 0.5 0.3 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.42.6 Final demand 10.3 3.8 3.9 1.4 1.6 0.1 1.8 1.9 1.4 0.3 2.5 1.3 1.2 0.92.7 Imports -0.9 -0.2 -0.6 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.7 -1.5 -0.2 0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.3 -0.32.8 Net exports -0.3 0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 -0.7 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1


3.1 Private sector savings : : 27.4 29.0 28.7 28.3 27.8 25.9 27.3 27.7 27.5 27.4 27.7 27.63.2 Net savings of households : : 8.8 6.4 2.5 1.8 1.5 -0.1 0.7 1.7 1.4 : : : 3.3 General government savings : : 5.7 2.0 -0.8 -1.4 -3.9 -1.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.93.4 National savings 36.1 32.0 33.1 31.1 28.0 26.9 24.0 24.7 27.1 27.4 28.2 27.9 28.3 28.53.5 Gross capital formation 37.3 32.6 31.6 28.8 24.9 23.3 22.6 23.9 24.0 23.4 23.9 24.4 24.7 24.93.6 Current account 0.6 0.9 2.7 2.3 3.0 3.6 1.3 0.8 3.1 4.0 4.2 3.5 3.6 3.6


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.3 Potential GDP gap : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 6.5 5.5 4.1 2.3 0.9 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.75.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.75.3 Growth of capital intensity 5.0 4.8 3.2 2.8 0.9 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 0.2 0.55.4 Labour productivity growth 7.9 3.1 2.3 1.6 1.2 0.1 1.1 -0.2 0.8 -0.3 0.9 -0.2 0.3 0.45.5 Total factor productivity growth : : 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.1 1.2 -0.1 0.8 -0.1 1.1 -0.1 0.2 0.3


6.1 Employment 1.3 0.7 0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.26.2 Activity rate 77.7 76.4 77.4 80.2 80.2 83.9 85.7 88.1 89.4 91.1 92.6 94.2 95.6 96.86.3 Employment rate 76.8 74.8 75.5 77.0 76.3 80.3 82.1 85.0 86.5 88.3 90.0 91.9 93.4 94.7 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 1.3 2.2 2.5 4.1 5.0 4.4 4.3 3.6 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.3 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head : : 3.0 0.3 -1.3 -1.0 0.0 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.5 1.2 0.9 1.07.2 Real wages per head (b) : : 1.8 0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.5 -1.1 0.1 1.7 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.67.3 Nominal unit labour costs : : 0.7 -1.3 -2.4 -1.1 -1.1 1.1 -0.3 1.5 -0.5 1.4 0.6 0.67.4 Real unit labour costs : : -0.4 -0.7 -1.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 -2.4 1.2 -0.2 1.5 0.2 0.27.5 GDP deflator 6.2 5.2 1.1 -0.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.9 1.7 2.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.47.6 Private consumption deflator 6.1 6.4 1.1 -0.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.4 2.0 0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.47.7 Terms of trade -0.1 -4.7 2.5 -2.2 -2.8 -3.0 -3.3 -0.5 9.0 5.4 -4.0 -3.9 -0.1 -0.6


8.1 Total expenditure : : : : : 37.3 40.7 40.2 39.3 39.3 38.8 38.9 38.8 39.08.2 Total revenue : : : : : 31.5 32.3 34.8 35.8 35.8 35.9 35.9 36.0 36.58.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) : : -0.6 -6.6 -6.2 -5.8 -8.3 -5.4 -3.6 -3.5 -3.0 -2.9 -2.8 -2.58.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 15.6 69.6 64.2 95.9 137.9 176.8 207.9 236.1 231.6 236.7 234.8 236.1 236.1 236.3


9.1 Long-term interest rate : 7.8 5.1 2.0 1.3 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.1 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate : 7.8 4.6 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) : 0.0 0.5 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) : 2.6 4.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 1.8 -1.2 -1.7 -0.3 0.3 0.2 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 1.1 -2.3 3.6 -4.5 -7.0 -5.7 15.0 -3.3 0.5 1.4 -0.39.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 113.5 103.5 90.8 93.7 74.7 70.2 79.5 75.8 75.3 74.9 73.5


205


118. United States(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise stated)

1961-1973 1974-1985 1986-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1.1 Private consumption 4.5 3.0 3.1 4.6 3.1 1.1 1.6 2.9 3.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.11.2 Government consumption 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.9 -2.1 -0.8 1.7 1.5 -0.1 1.2 2.5 0.71.3 Gross fixed capital formation 4.8 3.5 2.6 7.8 2.8 -2.7 5.0 4.9 3.3 1.7 4.0 4.8 2.7 2.71.4 of which equipment : 5.4 4.3 10.3 3.0 1.3 7.7 5.6 2.8 -1.1 5.9 7.2 5.0 3.41.5 of which construction 3.7 1.6 0.3 4.8 2.2 -8.4 3.2 5.5 3.6 1.0 2.3 2.1 0.5 1.91.6 Exports of goods and services 6.7 3.8 9.1 7.1 2.1 5.2 4.7 4.3 0.6 -0.1 3.0 4.0 2.9 2.31.7 Imports of goods and services 7.4 5.0 6.1 11.6 4.6 1.0 3.3 5.1 5.5 1.9 4.6 4.5 3.3 2.81.8 GDP 4.4 2.8 2.9 4.3 2.6 0.9 1.9 2.5 2.9 1.6 2.2 2.9 2.4 1.9


2.1 Consumption 3.2 2.2 2.2 3.2 2.4 1.0 0.8 1.9 2.8 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.52.2 Investment 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.7 0.6 -0.5 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.42.3 Stockbuilding 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.6 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.02.4 Domestic demand 3.5 3.0 2.8 5.0 3.0 0.5 1.8 2.7 3.7 1.8 2.5 3.1 2.4 2.02.5 Exports 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.32.6 Final demand 3.8 3.3 3.6 5.7 3.2 1.1 2.4 3.3 3.7 1.8 2.9 3.5 3.0 2.42.7 Imports -0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -1.4 -0.6 -0.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.9 -0.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 -0.52.8 Net exports -0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.7 -0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.3 -0.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2


3.1 Private sector savings 21.7 22.7 19.9 18.7 19.3 20.0 23.1 22.3 21.7 20.8 21.2 22.1 21.7 21.73.2 Net savings of households : 8.0 5.9 4.3 3.6 3.8 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.1 : : : 3.3 General government savings 1.4 -0.8 -1.2 2.0 -1.1 -3.8 -4.9 -2.0 -1.6 -2.2 -2.3 -3.1 -3.2 -3.23.4 National savings 23.2 21.8 18.7 20.6 18.2 16.3 18.1 20.3 20.1 18.6 18.9 19.0 18.5 18.53.5 Gross capital formation 23.0 23.3 21.7 22.8 22.3 20.8 19.8 20.8 21.0 20.3 20.6 21.1 21.0 21.23.6 Current account 0.2 -1.5 -3.0 -2.2 -4.1 -4.5 -1.7 -0.4 -0.9 -1.7 -1.7 -2.1 : :


4.1 Capacity utilisation (survey) (a) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4.2 Trend GDP gap : -0.7 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 -1.5 -0.7 0.2 -0.3 -0.2 0.5 0.7 0.44.3 Potential GDP gap : 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 -0.9 -1.8 -0.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.54.4 Profitability index (1961-1973 = 100) 100.0 95.7 113.1 133.2 136.9 138.7 150.6 152.7 152.2 153.3 153.3 157.1 157.0 153.8

5. Growth potential

5.1 Growth of net capital stock (real) 3.1 2.6 2.4 3.3 3.2 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.35.2 Net capital/output ratio (real) 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.45.3 Growth of capital intensity 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.6 1.0 1.55.4 Labour productivity growth 2.4 0.9 1.5 2.5 1.9 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.2 -0.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.15.5 Total factor productivity growth 1.9 0.7 1.1 1.9 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.1 -0.2 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.5


6.1 Employment 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.8 0.7 -0.4 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.2 0.86.2 Activity rate 67.5 72.4 77.5 77.2 76.7 76.2 74.8 74.8 75.0 75.7 76.0 76.5 77.2 77.56.3 Employment rate 64.4 67.2 72.8 73.7 72.6 71.1 68.8 70.3 71.1 72.1 72.7 73.6 74.3 74.7 (benchmark) 6.4 Employment rate : : : : : : : : : : : : : : (full-time equivalent) 6.5 Unemployment rate 4.9 7.5 6.3 4.6 5.4 6.8 8.1 6.2 5.3 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.7 (Eurostat definition)

7. Prices and wages

7.1 Nominal wages per head 5.6 7.4 4.3 4.8 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.9 3.1 0.9 3.1 2.7 3.0 3.37.2 Real wages per head (b) 2.6 0.5 1.2 3.0 1.0 0.6 0.5 1.4 2.9 -0.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.57.3 Nominal unit labour costs 3.1 6.4 2.8 2.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.1 2.1 1.4 1.8 2.27.4 Real unit labour costs -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.6 -1.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.2 -0.8 -0.1 0.47.5 GDP deflator 3.2 6.7 2.8 1.7 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.9 2.3 1.9 1.87.6 Private consumption deflator 2.9 6.9 3.1 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.5 0.2 1.1 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.87.7 Terms of trade -0.3 -1.9 -0.6 0.3 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 0.9 3.5 1.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1


8.1 Total expenditure : 35.8 37.9 35.4 36.7 40.1 40.4 38.3 37.9 38.2 38.0 : : : 8.2 Total revenue : 31.0 32.4 34.1 31.9 32.0 31.7 33.2 33.3 32.9 33.8 31.3 31.4 31.68.3 Net borrowing (-) or lending (+) -2.0 -4.8 -5.5 -1.3 -4.8 -8.0 -8.7 -5.2 -4.6 -5.3 -4.1 -6.4 -6.5 -6.48.4 Net borrowing cyclically adjusted : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8.5 Debt (end of period) 41.2 54.2 62.2 69.0 53.2 65.6 95.5 104.6 104.8 106.8 105.2 107.4 107.8 109.0


9.1 Long-term interest rate 5.0 9.5 7.8 6.0 4.4 3.9 2.3 2.5 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.9 : : 9.2 Short-term interest rate 4.5 8.7 6.3 5.8 2.4 2.9 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.3 2.3 : : 9.3 Yield curve (9.1-9.2) 0.5 0.8 1.5 0.2 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.3 1.8 1.1 1.1 0.6 : : 9.4 Real long-term interest rate (c) 1.8 2.7 4.9 4.3 2.1 2.0 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.6 : : 9.5 Nominal effective exchange rate : : : 5.7 -2.1 -1.5 0.0 3.3 15.1 4.7 -0.3 -0.5 2.5 0.09.6 Real effective exchange rate : : : 111.6 117.7 102.4 97.9 101.4 113.8 117.8 116.6 115.6 117.8 117.3


STATISTICAL ANNEX OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY

Statistical Annex of European Economy can be accessed and downloaded free of charge at the following address: https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/indicators-statistics/economic-databases/macro-economic-database-ameco/government-finance-and-other-macro-economic-data-eu-countries_en#general-government-data.

statistical annex of european economy · 2019. 5. 15. · 7 statistical annex long-term...

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