statistical stop data

Police Chief Matthew E. Carmichael | police.ucdavis.edu | November 1, 2015

Statistical Stop Data DEMONSTRATED COMMUNITY SERVICE

OF 24

Introduction

The UC Davis Police Department strives to provide law enforcement service with

due regard for the demographic and cultural diversity of our community. It is

therefore our policy and practice:

To enforce the law equally and fairly without profiling or discrimination

toward any individual or group because of their race, ethnicity or

nationality, religion, gender, sexual orientation or disability.

To be as transparent as possible in responding to complaints of profiling.

Starting in 2014 and at the request of our campus community, we established a

program to collect statistical data during vehicle/bicycle stops and to share these

statistics with the community via our police department website. While some

police departments across the country collect similar data, very few proactively

make this data available to the public without a public records act (PRA) request.

The data acquired for this purpose does not contain the identity of any persons

stopped by UC Davis police officers and officers will not ask for identifying

information solely for the purposes of collecting this statistical data. When data for

this survey tool were not readily available via an official document such as a

driver’s license, officers recorded data based on their observations and perceptions.

We realize that perceptions are not always exact,

but our intention is to collect this data while

expressing the utmost respect towards the

community members we serve.

This report details information as it relates to

vehicle and bicycle stops between the dates of

May 2014 and September 2015.

ABOUT OUR WEBSITE

The UC Davis Police Department website boasts

one of the most proactive information sharing police websites on the topic of bias

based policing. The website can be accessed at

http://police.ucdavis.edu/crime_statistics/traffic-stops.html. This site provides

members of the UC Davis community with a real time look at how the UC Davis

Police Department conducts itself.

Beyond statistical data, there is a link to a video detailing how UC Davis Police

Officers conduct themselves during a traffic stop. This provides our community

http://police.ucdavis.edu/crime_statistics/traffic-stops.html

OF 24

tangible expectations when stopped by one of our professional officers. Click here

to view the video.

The UC Davis Police Department is the only university/college police department

in the nation boasting a truly autonomous police complaint process. Police

complaints are filed with the UC Davis Police Accountability Board (PAB) and

investigated by the UC Davis Office of Compliance independent of the police

department. Further information can be found at pab.ucdavis.edu which is also

accessible from our website.

Lastly, in an effort to provide our community with information related to a

person’s rights our website provides a direct link to the ACLU’s pamphlet “Know

Your Rights When Encountering Law Enforcement”.

OUR REPORT

In the past, complaints about bias based policing here at UC Davis were typically

answered with good intentions, but these responses lacked formalized data. This

report is not intended to address single events. It combines all of the data collected

since the inception of this program in 2014. This report is only made possible by

the many contributions and support from the following persons or groups:

UC Davis graduate and undergraduate students

UC Davis Student Affairs

UC Davis Office of Campus Community Relations

UC Davis police officers

UC Davis police dispatchers

UC Davis Police Records Unit

The Data

Davis Campus Statistical Data

The data for the Davis campus was reviewed along with student demographic

data.1 AB953 will provide a more robust set of data for review. It is noteworthy the

race data labels vary depending on the data source used for this report. The UC

1 UC Davis Admissions Student profile

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZFmHCvgTxI&feature=youtu.be

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZFmHCvgTxI&feature=youtu.be

http://pab.ucdavis.edu/

http://police.ucdavis.edu/docs/know_your_rights.pdf

http://police.ucdavis.edu/docs/know_your_rights.pdf

OF 24

Davis Police Department will be examining this area for potential change through

our AB953 workgroup (see attached).

Race Percentage

Caucasian 29.10%

Latino 18.70%

Asian 39.10%

African American 3.30%

Declined to State 1.60%

Native American 0.90%

Other 7.20%

UC Davis Student Profile

Caucasian Latino Asian African American

Declined to State Native American Other

OF 24

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Asian Black Hispanic Mid Eastern NativeAmerican

Other Unknown White

Davis Campus Bicycle Stops By RaceMay 2014 Through September 2015

Citation Warning

Race Citation Warning % Total

Asian 165 276 35.14%

Black 10 41 4.06%

Hispanic 40 62 8.13%

Mid

Eastern 4 6 0.80%

Native

American 0 6 0.48%

Other 0 0 0.00%

Unknown 71 76 11.71%

White 199 299 39.68%

OF 24

0

100

200

300

400

500

Male Female Unknown

Davis Campus Bicycle Stops By SexMay 2014 Through September 2015

Citation Warning

Citation Warning % Total

Male 416 474 64.26%

Female 200 292 35.52%

Unknown 2 1 0.22%

OF 24


Asian 152 308 21.68%

Black 28 103 6.17%

Hispanic 68 168 11.12%

Mid Eastern

11 11 1.04%

Native American

2 8 0.47%

Other 0 0 0.00%

Unknown 89 231 15.08%

White 305 638 44.44%

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700


Other Unknown White

Davis Campus Vehicle Stops By RaceMay 2014 Through September 2015

Citation Warning

OF 24


Male 437 905 62.04%

Female 294 521 37.68%

Unknown 1 5 0.28%

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Male Female Unknown

Davis Campus Vehicle Stops By SexMay 2014 Through September 2015

Citation Warning

OF 24

Sacramento Campus Statistical Data

The data for the Sacramento campus was reviewed along with demographic data

for the city of Sacramento and specific demographic data for neighborhoods in the

area surrounding the campus. AB953 will provide a more robust set of data for

review.

OF 24

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


Other Unknown White

Sacamento Campus Bicycle Stops By RaceMay 2014 Through September 2015

Citation Warning

Race Citation Warning % Total

Asian 0 6 6.25%

Black 1 25 27.08%

Hispanic 3 13 16.67%

Mid Eastern 0 1 1.04%

Native American 0 0 0.00%

Other 0 0 0.00%

Unknown 2 6 8.33%

White 6 33 40.63%

OF 24

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Male Female Unknown

Sacramento Campus Bicycle Stops By SexMay 2014 Through September 2015

Citation Warning


Male 10 73 85.57%

Female 2 11 13.40%

Unknown 0 1 1.03%

OF 24


Asian 46 85 8.16%

Black 78 192 16.81%

Hispanic 111 165 17.19%

Mid

Eastern 1 3 0.25%

Native

American 1 6 0.44%

Other 0 0 0.00%

Unknown 52 101 9.53%

White 289 476 47.63%

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500


Other Unknown White

Sacramento Campus Vehicle Stops By RaceMay 2014 Through September 2015

Citation Warning

OF 24


Male 324 554 53.77%

Female 257 494 45.99%

Unknown 0 4 0.24%

0

200

400

600

Male Female Unknown

Sacramento Campus Vehicle Stops By Sex

May 2014 Through September 2015

Citation Warning

OF 24

ARREST DATA FOR 2014

Arrest Data for 2014 was generated from an external report. This report is

generated using the categories shown below and directly taken from the California

Criminal Justice Statistics Center (CJSC)2.

Black

White

Hispanic

Other

Race Total % Total

Black 7 4.67%

White 84 56.00%

Hispanic 25 16.67%

Other 34 22.67%

2 https://oag.ca.gov/crime/cjsc/stats/arrests

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Black White Hispanic Other

Davis Campus Total Arrests 2014

https://oag.ca.gov/crime/cjsc/stats/arrests

OF 24

Race Total % Total

Black 40 40.82%

White 44 44.90%

Hispanic 7 7.14%

Other 7 7.14%

Data Review

The data in this report has been reviewed for accuracy and comparison against

other relevant data using the following information:

Random review of police car camera recorded video data to ensure that

collected stop data matches what is observed on the video footage

Review of the UC Davis Police Accountability Board Annual Report for

community complaints alleging racial or identity profiling

o Click here of the report

Feedback from Student Ride Along Program

o Click here for Ride Along Program Information

Computer Aided Dispatch Records (CAD)

Records Management Systems Records (RMS)

Police Radio Transmissions

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Black White Hispanic Other

Sacramento Campus Total Arrests 2014

http://pab.ucdavis.edu/police_accountability_board_annual_report_2014-15.pdf

http://police.ucdavis.edu/office_of_the_chief/ride_along.html

OF 24

Data Sources Used For This Report Include:

1. UC Davis Police Department website on Traffic Stop Data

2. State of California Department of Justice Office of the Attorney General

Website

a. CJSC Statistics: Arrests

3. City-data.com Website for Sacramento city and Sacramento Campus

Surrounding area demographics. Surrounding campus area is an estimate

only

4. Student profile obtained from the UC Davis Website for undergraduate

admissions

5. Information about the Sacramento campus UC Davis Health System

website

6. California Legislative Information website

7. United States Census

Closing

All members of the UC Davis Police Department take great pride in providing the

highest level of service to our community. Our student ride along program is just

one way we engage with our students in an open and transparent manner as

related to our collection of stop data. UC Davis students are encouraged to ride

along with our patrol officers so they can witness first-hand what it means to be a

UC Davis Police Officer. As the process of collecting statistical data continues we

will be expanding our data collection to meet California AB953 (see attached

AB953 report). This increased amount of specific data as required by law will allow

for a more thorough review and analysis.


https://oag.ca.gov/crime/cjsc/stats/arrests

http://www.city-data.com/

http://admissions.ucdavis.edu/profile/

http://admissions.ucdavis.edu/profile/

http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/newsroom/facts_figures/

http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/newsroom/facts_figures/

https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB953

http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0664000.html

OF 24

Blank Page

OF 24

Police Chief Matthew E. Carmichael | police.ucdavis.edu | November 1, 2015

Implementation of AB953 DEMONSTRATED COMMUNITY SERVICE

OF 24

Introduction

The UC Davis Police Department is committed to providing the highest level of

service possible to our community. We recognize and respect the need to build

and maintain trust with our community. The UC Davis Police Department has

been providing real time stop data since 2014 through a one of a kind police

department website which can be viewed here.

The UC Davis Police Department is unique for the following reasons:

1. Stop data is published to our webpage monthly versus community members

having to request to view the data (this is a proactive approach in contrast

to the traditional reactive approach)

2. The webpage provides an informational video which clearly identifies what

a community member can expect when being stopped by the professional

UC Davis Police Officers

3. The webpage provides a direct link to the UC Davis Police Accountability

Board who receives complaints of police misconduct. These complaints are

fully investigated independent of the police department by the UC Davis

Office of Compliance

4. This webpage links to the ACLU comprehensive guide for community

members who want to know their rights when stopped by police

The UC Davis Police Department demonstrates our commitment to excellence. As

stated in California Penal Code Section 13519.4(4), “The working men and women

in California law enforcement risk their lives every day. The people of California

greatly appreciate the hard work and dedication of peace officers in protecting

public safety. The good name of these officers should not be tarnished by the

actions of those few who commit discriminatory practices.”

We will continue to build and maintain the trust of our community through the

various proactive programs/philosophy which includes the implementation of

AB953. To view AB953 click here.


https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB953

OF 24

Definitions

Public Access to Data

All data and reports made pursuant to this section are public records within the

meaning of subdivision (e) of Section 6252, and are open to public inspection

pursuant to Sections 6253 and 6258.3

Peace Officer

(g) (1) For purposes of this section, “peace officer,” as defined in Chapter 4.5

(commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, is limited to

members of the California Highway Patrol, a city or county law enforcement

agency, and California state or university educational institutions. “Peace officer,”

as used in this section, does not include probation officers and officers in a

custodial setting.4

Stop

(2) For purposes of this section, “stop” means any detention by a peace officer of a

person, or any peace officer interaction with a person in which the peace officer

conducts a search, including a consensual search, of the person’s body or property

in the person’s possession or control.5

CAD

Computer Aided Dispatch

RMS

Records Management System

REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

Government Code Section 12525.5 requires the reporting shall include, at a

minimum, the following information for each stop:

The time, date, and location of the stop.

The reason for the stop.

3 Government Code Section 12525.5 4 Government Code Section 12525.5 5 Government Code Section 12525.5

OF 24

The result of the stop, such as, no action, warning, citation, property

seizure, or arrest.

If a warning or citation was issued, the warning provided or violation cited.

If an arrest was made, the offense charged.

The perceived race or ethnicity, gender, and approximate age of the person

stopped, provided that the identification of these characteristics shall be based on

the observation and perception of the peace officer making the stop, and the

information shall not be requested from the person stopped. For motor vehicle

stops, this paragraph only applies to the driver, unless any actions specified under

paragraph (7) apply in relation to a passenger, in which case the characteristics

specified in this paragraph shall also be reported for him or her.

Actions taken by the peace officer during the stop, including, but not

limited to, the following:

o Whether the peace officer asked for consent to search the person,

and, if so, whether consent was provided.

o Whether the peace officer searched the person or any property, and,

if so, the basis for the search and the type of contraband or evidence

discovered, if any.

o Whether the peace officer seized any property and, if so, the type of

property that was seized and the basis for seizing the property.

o If more than one peace officer performs a stop, only one officer is

required to collect and report to his or her agency the information

specified under subdivision (b).

State and local law enforcement agencies shall not report the name, address, social

security number, or other unique personal identifying information of persons

stopped, searched, or subjected to a property seizure, for purposes of this section.

Notwithstanding any other law, the data reported shall be available to the public,

except for the badge number or other unique identifying information of the peace

officer involved, which shall be released to the public only to the extent the release

is permissible under state law.

OF 24

California Penal Code Section13012. (a) The annual report of the department

provided for in Section 13010 shall contain statistics showing all of the following:

(1) The amount and the types of offenses known to the public authorities.

(2) The personal and social characteristics of criminals and delinquents.

(3) The administrative actions taken by law enforcement, judicial, penal, and

correctional agencies or institutions, including those in the juvenile justice system,

in dealing with criminals or delinquents.

(4) The administrative actions taken by law enforcement, prosecutorial, judicial,

penal, and correctional agencies, including those in the juvenile justice system, in

dealing with minors who are the subject of a petition or hearing in the juvenile

court to transfer their case to the jurisdiction of an adult criminal court or whose

cases are directly filed or otherwise initiated in an adult criminal court.

The total number of each of the following:

(i) Citizen complaints received by law enforcement agencies under Section 832.5.

(ii) Citizen complaints alleging criminal conduct of either a felony or

misdemeanor.

(iii) Citizen complaints alleging racial or identity profiling, as defined in

subdivision (e) of Section 13519.4. These statistics shall be disaggregated by the

specific type of racial or identity profiling alleged, such as based on a consideration

of race, color, ethnicity, national origin, religion, gender identity or expression,

sexual orientation, or mental or physical disability.

(B) The statistics reported under this paragraph shall provide, for each category of

complaint identified under subparagraph (A), the number of complaints within

each of the following disposition categories:

(i) “Sustained,” which means that the investigation disclosed sufficient evidence to

prove the truth of allegation in the complaint by preponderance of evidence.

(ii) “Exonerated,” which means that the investigation clearly established that the

actions of the personnel that formed the basis of the complaint are not a violation

of law or agency policy.

OF 24

(iii) “Not sustained,” which means that the investigation failed to disclose

sufficient evidence to clearly prove or disprove the allegation in the complaint.

(iv) “Unfounded,” which means that the investigation clearly established that the

allegation is not true.

(C) The reports under subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall be made available to the

public and disaggregated for each individual law enforcement agency.

(b) It shall be the duty of the department to give adequate interpretation of the

statistics and so to present the information that it may be of value in guiding the

policies of the Legislature and of those in charge of the apprehension, prosecution,

and treatment of the criminals and delinquents, or concerned with the prevention

of crime and delinquency. The report shall also include statistics which are

comparable with national uniform criminal statistics published by federal bureaus

or departments heretofore mentioned.

IMPLEMENTATION

The UC Davis Police Department is

not required to implement AB953

until April 1, 2023. However, the UC

Davis Police Department has been

collecting statistical stop data since

2014 and appreciates the benefit of

sharing this type of information with

our community. To this end, the UC Davis Police Department will establish a

workgroup aimed at implementing the requirements set forth in AB953 no later

than December 31, 2016. This workgroup will consist of the following personnel:

UC Davis Police Department Director of Support Services

UC Davis Police Department Operations Lieutenants

UC Davis Police Department Business Office

UC Davis Graduate Student Researchers at 50% funding for each position

UC Davis Undergraduate Student Researcher

OF 24

OPERATIONS

The workgroup will identify what steps will be necessary by officers, dispatchers

and records personnel to ensure the appropriate data is being collected in the field

and inputted correctly into CAD/RMS.

SUPPORT SERVICES

The Director of Support Services along with the student researchers will identify

and create the necessary methods for generating the required reports based on the

correct CAD/RMS programs. The focus of this part of the project will be in

creating a process that is simple, not time intensive nor cost prohibitive.

TIMELINE

The timeline for this project is currently tentative. A hard timeline will be

developed by the workgroup no later than January 15, 2016. However, the project

full implementation date will be no later the December 31, 2016. Implementation

of a program that has been requested by the community will not only build trust it

will clearly demonstrate that we are doing the right thing and if not, will guide us

in finding solutions with our community.

• Select Graduate Students

• Meet with CAD/RMS vendor

December, 2015

• Operations identified process

• Support Services review of program software needs

March, 2016

• Clearly idnetified operations process

• Beta test generating accurate reports

September, 2016

OF 24

Closing

While AB953 enjoyed overwhelming community support, it met with opposition

from mostly law enforcement associations. The reasons given by various groups

for opposition included but were not limited to:

Time intensive data collection, will “hamstring law enforcement”

Cost prohibitive

Unnecessary

The UC Davis Police Department is committed to serving every member of our

community as demonstrated both through spoken word and more importantly our

actions. Therefore, the UC Davis Police Department will set the example for other

agencies to follow as Chief Carmichael strongly supports AB 953. We will

implement AB953 7 years before the law requires us to do so.

Furthermore, we will reach our goal in full partnership with our community and

openly share our successful process to those other police agencies that are

interested in providing the same quality of service to their communities. The UC

Davis Police Department is a Model Law Enforcement Agency.

statistical stop data

Documents