1. Apartheid and Stephen Biko
Image courtesy of http://www.140mileseastofcool.com/2009/biko/

2. Detained
Biko was detained in 1975 and in 1977 under apartheid legislation
August 1977 Biko was detained by his hometown police
This would be his last time being detained
http://www.twixtmagazine.com/html/haeber.htm
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/stevebiko/a/bio-Biko.htm

3. Apartheid
Webster Defines apartheid as, Racial segregation; specifically: a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non- European groups in the Republic of South Africa
http://bdsmovement.net/?q=node/557&page=58
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/apartheid

4. Apartheid Cont.
The term became integrated in the lexicon of people in South Africa during the 1940s
People where placed into three categories: Caucasian, Bantu (blacks), and Colored (mixed races)
Legislation was passed to keep each category of people from living in the same area
Information and photo from http://www.africanaencyclopedia.com/apartheid/apartheid.html

5. Apartheid Cont.
The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act of 1970
Made every black South African a citizen of one of the homelands, effectively excluding blacks from South African politics
The land was not desirable and lacked resources
A lot of people fought to stop the cruelty of apartheid people who opposed apartheid were often met with brutality
Information from http://www.africanaencyclopedia.com/apartheid/apartheid.html

6. http://autocww.colorado.edu/~toldy2/E64ContentFiles/SociologyAndReform/Apartheid.html
11 Shot Dead

7. Stephen Bikos Early Life
Born in 1946 in Eastern Cape, South Africa
At a young age he showed interest in going against Apartheid politics
He was kicked out of school for insubordination
He enrolled into a medical school and joined the National Union of South African Students (NUSAS)

8. Stephen Bikos Early Life Cont.
He dropped out of NUSAS and formed the South African Students Organization (SASO)
This organization help obtain funding for medical clinics for Africans
http://www.sbf.org.za/
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/stevebiko/a/bio-Biko.htm

9. Black Consciousness
Biko founded the Black Peoples Convention (BPC)
BPC brought many groups together to try stop apartheid
Biko became first president of BPC
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/stevebiko/a/bio-Biko.htm
http://www.south-africa-tours-and-travel.com/apartheid.html

10. Banned
In 1973, Biko was banned by the apartheid regime
Part of his punishment was that he was not allowed to speak to groups of two or more people (not in public)
He could not leave his birth place (Eastern Cape)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Biko

11. Death
September 7, 1977 Mr. Biko suffered a head injury while in jail
September 11, 1977 was not doing well and it was recommended that Biko needed to go to a hospital
He was transported to a hospital that was over 10 hours away
September 12, 1977 Biko Died from brain damage
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/stevebiko/a/bio-Biko.htm

12. Death
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/stevebiko/a/bio-Biko.htm

13. Government Responds
Response
Pressure
James Kruger, Minister of Justice, stated that Biko died of a hunger strike
Donald Woods, editor of the East London Daily Dispatch, applied media pressure
Media outcry opposed the Krugers response
Pressure from the media, especially from Donald Woods, brought out the truth
Biko died from injuries suffered from a beating he received while being detained
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/stevebiko/a/bio-Biko.htm

14. Life After Death
Bikos death spread around the globe quickly
More than 10,000 people came to his funeral
http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/biko-s.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Biko

15. End of Apartheid
Apartheid caused violence and a trade embargo that hurt South Africa
Protests, uprisings, and violence helped end apartheid
In 1990, Frederik Willem de Klerk, President, began talks to end aprtheid
In 1994, Nelson Mandela became president of South Africa

16. Quotes
While Steve Biko espoused, inspired, and promoted black pride, he never made blackness a fetish. At the end of the day, as he himself pointed out, accepting ones blackness is a critical starting point: and important foundation for engaging in struggle. Today, it must be a foundation for reconstruction and development, for a common human effort to end war, poverty, ignorance and disease. Nelson Mandela
Steve Biko was the greatest man I ever metHe was a statesman, in that sense of the word in which it is applied to Abraham Lincoln, having that breath of vision and that wider comprehension of the affairs of men and nations that is conveyed to the listener through more than mere words.Donald Woods

17. Quotes
The basic tenet of black consciousness is that the black man must reject all value systems that seek to make him a foreigner in the country of his birth and reduce his basic human dignity. Stephen Biko
Even today, we are still accused of racism. This is a mistake. We know that all interracial groups in South Africa are relationships in which whites are superior, blacks inferior. So as a prelude whites must be made to realize that they are only human, not superior. Same with blacks. They must be made to realize that they are also human, not inferior. Stephen Biko
http://www.davis.k12.ut.us/stc/service/Jr%20High/10.pdf