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Stepper Motor


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Introduction

A stepper motor (or step motor) is abrushless, synchronous electric motor

It can divide a full rotation into a large

number of steps The motor's position can be controlled

precisely, without any feedback

mechanism Stepper motors are similar to switched

reluctance motors


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Types of Stepper Motor

Permanent Magnet StepperThe permanent-magnet stepper motor operates onthe reaction between a permanent-magnet rotor andan electromagnetic field.

1. Rotor

2. stator


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Variable Reluctance

StepperThe variable-reluctance(VR) stepper motordiffers from the PMstepper in that it has no

permanent-magnet rotorand no residual torque tohold the rotor at oneposition when turned off.

Variable-reluctance stepper motorand switching sequence.


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MECHANISM OF STEPPERMOTOR

The top electromagnet (1) isturned on, attracting thenearest teeth of a gear-

shaped iron rotor. With theteeth aligned toelectromagnet 1, they willbe slightly offset from

electromagnet 2.


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The top electromagnet (1)is turned off, and the right

electromagnet (2) isenergized, pulling thenearest teeth slightly to theright. This results in arotation of 3.6 in this

example.


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The bottom electromagnet

(3) is energized; another3.6 rotation occurs.


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The left electromagnet (4)is enabled, rotating againby 3.6. When the top

electromagnet (1) is againenabled, the teeth in thesprocket will have rotatedby one tooth position;

since there are 25 teeth, itwill take 100 steps to makea full rotation in thisexample.


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STEPPER MOTORAPPLICATION

Consumer Electronics - Stepper motors in cameras forautomatic digital camera focus and zoom functions

Automotive and Aircraft - Stepper motors help enable

cars, SUVs and RVs to receive telecommunicationsignals.

Office Equipment - Stepper motors are incorporatedinside PC based scanning equipment, data storage tape

drives, optical disk drive head driving mechanism,printers, bar-code printers, scanners


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Medical - Step motors used inside medical scanners,

multi-axis stepper motor microscopic or nanoscopicmotion control of automated devices, dispensing pumps,samplers, and chromatograph auto-injectors

Industrial machines - Stepper motors are used inautomotive gauges, machine tooling automatedproduction equipment (single/multi axis stepper motorcontrollers) and also in retrofit kits [stepper motorcontrollers and motors] for CNC machine control


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Scientific Instrumentation - Scientific EquipmentSpectrographs, observatory telescope positioning

Chemical - Mixing and sampling devices utilizing steppermotor controllers and single/multi axis stepper motorcontrolled environmental testing equipment

Security - new surveillance products for the securityindustry

Gaming industry - Stepper motors are used in the motorsthat power slot machines, wheel spinners and cardshufflers


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Thank you

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