PowerPoint Presentation

Steps to WarIndustrializationAgricultural RevolutionA time of revised farming practices that allowed people to grow more foodMore food=increasing population

Better farming techniquesSeed drillCrop rotationEnclosureWarmer climate

Factors of ProductionLand (ground and resources)Labor (workforce and their skills)Capital (machinery, anything that makes work easier)

Before, controlled by the stateIndustrialization, controlled by individualsFactory vs. domestic systemDomestic system- no division of labor, everything produced in the home

Factory system- division of labor, production occurs in factories

Life in the factories12-16 hour daysLow wagesUnsanitary working conditions

Middle Classmanagers of industry also bankers, manufacturers, merchants, lawyers, doctors, engineers, professorsgained social influence and power (as income grew) government cared about them

Economic TheoriesMercantilism- we already talked about this Capitalism- factors of production controlled by individualsAdam Smith- laissez-faire, supply and demand, competitionDavid Ricardo- iron law of wages, comparative advantageThomas Malthus- population growth modelSocialism- factors of production controlled by the government for the benefit of allOwen, Fourier, Blanc, Saint-SimonCommunism- factors of production controlled by everyone for the benefit of everyoneMarx and EngelsReform MovementsWhy reforms?Poor working conditionsOvercrowding in citiesUnemploymentLack of sanitation

Types of ReformsEmancipationTemperance Movement (banning alcohol)Suffrage (the right to vote)Better working conditions and sanitationNative RightsLabor unions

Scientific AdvancesEdisons light bulbBells telephoneMarconis radioAutomobilesWright brothers airplanecell theorygeneticsevolutionJenners small pox vaccinepasteurizationFlemings penicillinstructure of the atomradioactivity (Curie)quantum theory (Planck and Einstein)

Social ScienceHistoryAnthropologySociologyPsychologyEconomics

The Artsromanticism- rejected the reason of the Enlightenmentidealized view of societySir Walter Scott, James Fennimore Cooper, Grimm brothersBeethoven, Tchaikovsky, Wagner,Daguerre, Matthew Bradyrealism-everyday life important-Mark Twain, Leo Tolstoy naturalists-ugly and unpleasant aspects of life- Emile Zolaimpressionism-vivid impressions of people and places- Monet, Renoir

LiberalismChanges in FranceLouis-Philippe became citizen king2nd French RepublicRevolution of 18482nd French Empire- Louis-NapoleonFranco-Prussian War3rd Republic

Western HemisphereHaiti- Toussaint-LouvertureSimon Bolivar- Latin and South AmericaMostly ruled by dictators after declaring independence

Russiaemancipation of serfslocal governmentsassassination of Alexander IIcivil unrestgovernment cracks downRevolution of 1905

Austria-Hungarylots of different ethnicitiesuprisings against Francis Joseph IDual-monarchy createdBalkan Wars

NationalismWhat is nationalism?a sense of national consciousness (identification with a nation)

Why nationalism?it makes them put the nation over individual interestsit encourages similar peoples to come together (and sometimes rebel)it provided strength and unity as a country

Modern ExamplesChechnyaThe KurdsKashmir

UnificationsItalyCamillo Cavour (Sardinia) made a deal with France to kick Austria out of the northNorthern states of Lombardy, Parma, Modena, and Tuscany asked to be part of Sardinia1860-Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and handed it over to Victor Emmanual II

Germanyeconomically- Zollverein was a customs union that reduced tariffsPolitically- 1861 William I became king, appointed Otto von BismarkWars of Unification- Danish War, Seven Weeks War, Franco-Prussian War1871- declared the unified German empire under Chancellor Bismark and Kaiser William

Legaciespeople want a country with similar people in itmore unrest, especially in the Balkansunification of Italy and Germany, division of Austria-Hungaryideas of superiority

ImperialismDefinitionwhen one country takes over another to get its resources or create a sphere of influence

Justificationother countries need to modernizemodern countries wanted the resources and the markets to sell goods in

resources and marketssocial and political influence throughout the world

Types of Coloniessettlement colonies- send people to live in the new countrydependent colonies- a few European officials the native populationprotectorates- sphere of influence, ruler maintained nominal title, but had to acquiesce to European demands

AfricaFrench and British claimed North Africa during a time of political unrest (British got Suez Canal)King Leopold II conquered the CongoWest Africa put up a fight, but eventually lostBoers came first to South Africa, then the British defeated them

Effectsstripped of its resourcespeople not allowed to participate in governmentboundaries redrawn with no thought to the indigenous populationpeople learn to be cruel

Asiamostly by spheres of influenceBritish took over India for trade, set up people in powerFrench controlled IndochinaDutch East IndiesChina=spheres of influence (Opium Wars)Japan avoided being imperialized because of industrializationSino-Japanese War, Japan won TaiwanUS got Samoa, Hawaii, The Philippines, Guam and Wake Island

EffectsEuropean influenceincreased trade and modernization

South AmericaSpanish-American WarDollar DiplomacyPanama Canal

Legacieseverything going on in the Middle East and Africacountries are still dependent on the westsome countries became more democratic and industrializedless disease