sterilization of armamentarium
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Blend H. M. Balisany
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*Sterilization*To completely remove all kinds of microbes
(bacteria, mycobacteria, viruses, & fungi) by
physical or chemical methods
*Effective to kill bacterium spores
*Sterilant: material or method used to remove or
kill all microbes
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*Disinfection* To reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms to
the point where they no longer cause diseases
* Usually involves the removal ofvegetative or non-endospore forming pathogens
* May use physical or chemical methods
*Disinfectant
*Antiseptic*Degerming
*Sanitization
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STERILIZATION
Methods of Sterilization
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Steps followed in dental offices for achievement ofsterilization are:
1. Cleaning:* Manual Cleaning.* Automated Cleaning
2. Corrosion Control:* Dry instruments
*Application of rust inhibitors
3. Packaging:* For protection against contamination after sterilization.
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*4. Sterilization:Heat: Heat sterilization is most commonly used
in dental settings; however, steam andchemical vapor sterilization units are alsoused.
* High temperature methods include steam, dryheat and unsaturated chemical vapor.
*While low temperature automated sterilizationinvolves ethylene oxide (ETO) and plasmasterilization.
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*Of these methods the AUTOCLAVES is the most
preferred method in a dental setup.
*Autoclave is a self locking setup based on the
efficacy of steam under pressure of121 degree
Celsius for 15 minutes and 15 pounds pressure.
*Another method is that of "Flash Sterilization"
for unwrapped instruments using 132 degreesCelsius at 30 pounds pressure for 4 -7 minutes.
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*Hot air ovens are electrical devices used in
sterilization. It uses dry heat to sterilize
articles.
*No much pressure build up within the oven,
safer to work with.
*As they use dry heat instead of moist heat,
some organisms like prions, may not be killedby them every time.
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* The standard settings for a hot air oven are:
*1.5 to 2 hours at 160C (320 OF)
*6to 12 minutes at 190C (374 OF)
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*Liquid Sterilants used for "cold sterilization"
are intended only for the reprocessing of heat-
sensitive instruments and devices.
*If the critical or semi critical item is heat
sensitive, it should be immersed in a liquid
sterilants.
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*Transparent objects to visible light absorb UV.
*UV irradiation is routinely used to sterilize the
interiors of biological safety cabinets betweenuses, but is ineffective in shaded areas,
including areas under dirt.
*It also damages some plastics, such as
polystyrene foam if exposed for prolongedperiods of time.
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5. Storage & Shelf Life
Packs and containers with sterile items should be
stored 20-25 cm off the floor, 45-50 cm from theceiling and 15-20 cm from an outside wall.
6. Monitoring Sterilization Procedures
Sterilization procedures can be monitored
routinely using a combination of biological,chemical and mechanical indicators as
parameters.
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Methods of Disinfection
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Thank You