STEROIDS

STEROIDS

1WHAT IS STEROIDSTO KNOW THIS we first have to know about there origin i.e. There origin is hormonesHormones are divided into two parts 1 .steroidal hormone & 2 .non steroidal hormoneSo from here we can understood that from where steroids are knownDEFINITIONSteroids form a group of structurally related compounds which are widely distributed in animals and plants. Included in the steroids are:Sterols Vitamin DBile acidsNo. of sex hormonesSome Carcinogenic hydrocarbonAdrenal Cortex hormonesCertain Sapogenins

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONHormonesThese are the chemical substances which are secreted by the ductless gland. There minute amount are necessary to produce the various physiological reaction in the body are called hormones.STEROIDAL HORMONE

They have some characteristics of true steroid as receptor ligands but lack planar fused four-ring i.e. 1,2 Cyclopentanophenantherene nucleus

They are further classified into:Sex hormonesAdrenal Cortex hormonesSTEROIDAL HORMONE

They have some characteristics of true steroid as receptor ligands but lack planar fused four-ring i.e. 1,2 Cyclopentanophenantherene nucleus

They are further classified into:Sex hormonesAdrenal Cortex hormonesAll the steroids either Sterols, Sex hormones, Adrenal Cortical hormone etc contains the basic nucleus i.e. 1,2 Cyclopentanophenantherene skeleton8How we can say compound is a steroidAll steroids gives diels hydrocarbon. Infact chemically steroids could be defined as any compound which gives diels hydrocarbon on dehydrogenation with selenium at 360 C.They are also defined as those compounds which on distillation with Se, at 420 C gives :Chrysene(as a major product) & Picene(as minor product)What is Diels hydrocarbon It is a solid compound having m.p. 126-127 CIts molecular formula is C18H16. There structure is confirmed by X-ray crystal analysis and absorption spectrum measurement.It shows that the hydrocarbon is probably 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanophenanthrene.This structure was definitely established by its synthesis. e.g. that of Harper, Kon & Ruzicka(1934) who used Bogert-Cook method

SynthesisWhen -naphthyl ethyl magnesium bromide (2-(1-naphthyl)-ethyl magnesium bromide is treated with 2,5 dimethyl cyclopentanone followed with treatment with P2O5 under reduced pressure and further undergoes Se distillation gives diels hydrocarbon.sterolsSterols occur in plants ,animals, & fungi.They are crystalline compounds & contains an alcoholic group.They occur as free or Ester of higher Fatty acid.THE FIRST MEMBER OF THIS SERIES IS CHOLESTROL ,Cholestanol,Caprostanol.

TYPES OF STEROLPHYTO STEROLThose sterols which are obtained from oil & fats of plant are called plant sterols or phyto sterols.E.g.- Ergosterol

ZOO STEROLSThose sterols which are obtained from oil & fats of animals are called animal sterols or Zoo sterols.E.g. Cholestrol.

CHOLESTROLIT is sterol of higher animal occuring freely or as fatty ester in all animal cell.Sources of sterols are fish liver oil & human & cattle.Human body synthesis it as well as absorb it from food.It is white crystalline solid having m.p.-149It is optically active compound & have specific rotation

Cholesterol & other sterols give many colour reaction SALKOWSKI REACTION:

ADVERSE EFFECT OF STEROIDSAcneIrritability & aggressionLiver cancerHeart attackElevated cholesterol levelAdolscent use may cause a premature stop in lengthening of bones (STUNTED GROWTH)MOOD SWINGSCANCER

POSITIVE EFFECT Doctors prescribed method increases muscle tissue for cancer patientMuscle strength increases & tissue growth will occur with steroid use.Cortisol is used as anti inflammatory agent

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